EEU 104

CHAPTER 3: NETWORK THEOREMS

Kami Memimpin We
Lead

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• Direct application in conjunction with Ohm’s
law
• Indirect application in conjunction with
resistance
• Simultaneous equations

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Kami Memimpin We
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Determine current, I and Rt can be calculated
source e.m.f, E But I and E are unknown

Where to start??
I4, R4  V4
I R1 V3=V4 (parallel with
each other)
V1 8Ω
Can calculate I3,
R2 I3=V3/R3
E V2 6Ω I =3A Use Kirchoff Current law
4 To find I
I=I3+I4

V3 R3 R4 Next ->
calculate V1 and V2
16Ω 8Ω Next: Kirchoff V law
E= V1+V2+V3
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Determine current and source
e.m.f I R1
V1 8Ω
Since R3 and R4 are in parallel R2
E V2 6Ω I =3A
V4 = I 4 R4 = 3 × 8 = 24V 4

V4 = V3 = I 3 R3 = I 3 × 16 = 24V V3 R3 R4
16Ω 8Ω
24
Therefore I 3 = = 1.5 A
16
Also
By Kirchoff’s first law
I = I 3 + I 4 = 1.5 + 3 = 4.5 A V1 = IR1 = 4.5 × 8 = 36 V
V2 = IR2 = 4.5 × 6 = 27 V
By Kirchoff’s second law
E = V1 + V2 + V3 = 36 + 27 + 24 = 87 V
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Kami Memimpin We
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Determine I1, E, I3 and I I1??
V1, R1 are given ->
I1=V1/R1

I I1 V2=I1R2
I3
V1 R1
9Ω
Use Kirchoff V law
27V
R3 E=V1+V2
E V3 V3=E
8Ω
I3=V3/R3
R2
V2
15Ω Use Kirchoff Current Law
I=I1+I3

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SOLUTION: V1 27
I1 = = = 3A
R1 9
I I1
I3
V2 = I1 R2 = 3 ×15 = 45V
V1 R1
9Ω
27V
R3
By Kirchoff’s second law
E V3
8Ω
V2
R2 E = V = V1 + V2 = 27 + 45 = 72V
15Ω
Also V 72
I3 = = = 9A
R3 8
By Kirchoff’s first law

I = I1 + I 3 = 3 + 9 = 12 A
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 Power dissipated in R3 is
20W. Calculate I3, R1,I1, I2
Parallel V equal,
and E
V=1(10)=10V
I2=I3+1A
a b
5A I2
P=VI
1Ω I1 2Ω P=I2R
1A
I3 R3=P/I2

1 2 3
E 10
Ω
V1 R1 R3

2Ω
d c
**NOTE THAT E ≠V1≠V3
Since there are potential drop across 1Ω and 2 Ω
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SOLUTION:
V10 Ω = 1×10 = 10V
a I2 b
5A

P = 20W = 10 × I 3 1Ω I1 2Ω
I3
1A

20
I3 = = 2A
10 E 1
V1 R1
2
R3
3
10Ω
2
20 = I 3 R3 = 2 2 × R3
I5
R3 = 5 Ω d
2Ω
c
By Kirchoff’s first law in node a
By Kirchoff’s first law in node b
I1 = 5 − I 2 = 5 − 3 = 2 A
I 2 = I3 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3A
V1 22
By Kirchoff’s second law in loop 2 R1 = = = 11Ω
I1 2
V1 = 2 I 2 + I 3 R3 + 2 I 5 P.D across 1 Ω is 5 X 1=5V
= 6 + 10 + 6 = 22V
E = V + V1 = 5 + 22 = 27V
Kami Memimpin We
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Determine current I and I4

I R1
V1 8Ω
R2
E=87V V2 6Ω

V3 R3 R4
16Ω 8Ω

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 SOLUTION: First find the total effective resistance
R3 R4 16 × 8
Re = = = 5.33 Ω
R3 + R4 16 + 8
I R1
V1 8Ω
Rt = R1 + R2 + Re = 8 + 6 + 5.33 = 19.33 Ω
R2
E=87V V2 6Ω
Then
V3 R3 R4 V 87
16Ω 8Ω I= = = 4.5 A
Rt 19.33
Using current division
R3 16
I4 = I= × 4.5 = 3 A
R3 + R4 16 + 8
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Determine VAB

10 Ω 15 Ω 4Ω
VAB
A B
12V

6Ω 16 Ω 16 Ω

C
V AB = V AC − VBC
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SOLUTION:
Effective resistance for parallel resistor
10Ω // 15 Ω and 16Ω//16Ω
10 Ω 15 Ω 4Ω 10 ×15
VAB Ra = =6Ω
10 + 15
A B
12V
16 ×16
6Ω 16 Ω 16 Ω Rb = =8Ω
16 + 16
C
Using voltage division
6
VAC = ×12 = 6V
6Ω 4Ω 6+6
VAB Then
A B 8
12V VBC = ×12 = 8V
VAC 6 Ω VBC 8Ω
8+ 4
VAB = VAC − VBC = 6 − 8 = −2V
C
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Calculate the current in each resistor
I=5A A

28Ω
3Ω 2
1
D 8Ω
40V B

3
14Ω
4Ω

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SOLUTION: Applying Kirchoff’s 2nd law for loop 1
I A
40 = 3I1 + 14( I1 − I 2 )
I1
40 = 17 I1 − 14 I 2 ---(a)
3I1 28 Ι 1)
( Ι−
2
1 Kirchoff’s 2nd law for loop 2
8Ι2
I2 I-I1
D
40V B 0 = 28(I − I1 ) − 8 I 2 − 3I1
I1-I2 I-I1+I2
3 = 28 I − 31I1 − 8 I 2 ---(b)
14
( Ι1−Ι2) 4(Ι−
Ι 1+Ι2) But I = 5A
C

Thus 140 = 31I1 + 8 I 2 ---(b)

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 continue
Solving the 2 simultaneous equations

(a) X 4 160 = 68 I1 − 56 I 2 ---(c)

(b) X 7 980 = 217 I1 + 56 I 2 ---(d)

Then (c) + (d) 1140 = 285 I1 I1 = 4 A In 3Ω resistor

Substitute in (b)140 = 124 + 8 I 2 I2 = 2A In 8Ω resistor

In 28Ω resistor I − I1 = 5 − 4 = 1 A
In 14 Ω resistor I1 − I 2 = 4 − 2 = 2 A
In 4 Ω resistor I − I1 + I 2 = 5 − 4 + 2 = 3 A
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Calculate the current in the network

I1 I2
I 3 = I1 + I 2
I3

1Ω 18Ω 2Ω

1 2

10V 20V

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USM teaching only and should not be Kami Memimpin We
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 Calculate the current in the network I1 I2
I3
Applying Kirchoff’s 2nd law for loop 1
1Ω 18Ω 2Ω
10 = 1I1 + 18( I1 + I 2 )
---(a) 1 2
10 = 19 I1 + 18 I 2
10V 20V
I 3 = I1 + I 2
Applying Kirchoff’s 2nd law for loop 2
20 = 2 I 2 + 18(I1 + I 2 ) Substitute I1 in(a)
---(b)
20 = 18 I1 + 20 I 2 10 = −54.34 + 18 I 2
(a)x10 100 = 190 I1 + 180 I 2 ---(c) I 2 = 3.57 A

(b)X 9 180 = 162 I1 + 180 I 2 ---(d)

Current in 18 Ω resistor

(d)-(c) we get I1 = −2.85 A Disclaimer: The lecture

I 3 = 3.57 − 2.85 = 0.72 A
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 Calculate the current in the network I1 I2
I3
Applying Kirchoff’s 2nd law for loop 2
1Ω 18Ω
20 = 18 I 3
1 2
Current in 18 Ω resistor
10V 20V
20
I3 = = 1.1A
18
Applying Kirchoff’s 2nd law for outside loop
20 − 10 = − I1 ×1
Current in 1 Ω resistor
I1 = −10 A
I 2 = −(−10) + 1.1 = 11.1A
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 A
The network shown is a 3 cells having
R=30Ω E=1.5V
an internal resistance of 30 Ω. Calculate
the current in the network
E=1.5V
R=30Ω
Applying Kirchoff’s 2nd law
C B
R=30Ω E=1.5V
1.5 − I × 30 + 1.5 − I × 30 + 1.5 − I × 30 = 0
4.5 − 90 I = 0
4.5
I= = 0.05 A
90
The voltage drop due to internal resistor is 0.05 x30=1.5V

Thus there is no potential different between two terminals

Disclaimer: The lecture slides/video/recording are for use for USM
teaching only and should not be shared outside or in public domain
Kami Memimpin We
Lead