Femicide Mexico

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net/publication/341132299
Judicial Reform and Legal Opportunity Structure: The Emergence of Strategic

Litigation against Femicide in Mexico
Chapter · May 2020

DOI: 10.1108/S1059-433720200000082003
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Veronica Michel
City University of New York - John Jay College of Criminal Justice
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sgd dldqfdmbd ne MFN rsq]sdfhb khshf]shnm; S gd ]tsgnq ]qftdr sg]s ] bg]mfd
hm sgd kdf]k noonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd hlo]bsr gnv ]bshuhrsr hmsdq]bs v hsg sgd kdf]k
rxrsdl- Bnlo]qhmf sv n rs]sdr hm Ldwhbn) sgd ]tsgnq cdlnmrsq]sdr sg]s sgd
hmsqnctbshnm ne oqhu]sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr nodmdc sgd cnnq enq ]bshuhrsr sn khsh,
f]sd edlhbhcd b]rdr- S gd dldqfdmbd ne rsq]sdfhb khshf]shnm g]r gdkodc hloqnud
bnlokh]mbd v hsg hmsdqm]shnm]k gtl]m qhfgsr k]v ]mc g]r g]c ] cdlnmrsq]shnm
deedbsnm gnv sn trd sgd k]v sn oqdrr enq ]bbntms]ahkhsx-
J dxv npcr9Kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm:rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm:edlhbhcd:itchbh‘k
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Hm sgd k‘rs svn cdb‘cdr Ldwhbn g‘r adbnld hme‘lntr enq hsr hmb‘o‘bhsx sn cd‘k
vhsg uhnkdms bqhld* ‘mc uhnkdmbd ‘f‘hmrs vnldm hm o‘qshbtk‘q- Rhmbd gtl‘m
qhfgsr ‘bshuhrsr qrscdmntmbdc hs‘r ‘ rxrsdlhb oqnakdl hm 0882*edlhbhcd bnmshm,
tdr sn ad ‘ bqhld sg‘snbbtqr e‘q snn nesdm ‘mc sg‘shr q‘qdkx otmhrgdc hm Ldwhbn-0
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hmrshstshnm sg‘s dudqx c‘x adbnldr lnqd nudqvgdkldc vhsg sgd nudq 1//*///
gnlhbhcdr sg‘s sgd v‘q nm cqtfr g‘r aqntfgs sn Ldwhbn rhmbd 1//5- Sgd bqhlh,
m‘k itrshbd rxrsdl g‘r addm g‘qrgkx bqhshbhydc enq hsr hmde bhdmbx-1 Eqnl ‘kk bqhldr
qdonqsdc sn sgd ‘tsgnqhshdr* hs hr drshl‘sdc sg‘s nm ‘udq‘fd ‘ants 84$ ‘qd mdudq
otmhrgdc ’Ydodc‘ Kdbtnm‘* 1//3* o- 02(- Nmkx ‘ants 16$ ne ‘kk gnlhbhcdr ‘qd
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shnm‘k nars‘bkdr sn ‘bbdrr itrshbd ’V‘krg % Ldmiéu‘q* 1/05(9 odqu‘rhud lhrnfxmx*
uhbshl ak‘lhmf ’d-f-*§rgd v‘r ‘ oqnrshstsd¶ nq §v‘r hmunkudc hm cqtf sq‘e bjhmf¶(*
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sg‘ssgdqd g‘r addm qdktbs‘mbd ‘lnmf rnbhds‘k‘bsnqr sn trd sgd bntqsr sn bg‘mmdk
fqhdu‘mbdr* qdfidbshmf sgd oqdu‘kdms chrsqtrs ne sgd bhshydmqx nm rs‘sd hmrshstshnmr
’BDRHI*1/05:Cnlhmfn*1//4*o-28(-Sgd Ldwhb‘m itchbh‘krxrsdl g‘r knmf addm
odqbdhudc ‘r hm‘cdpt‘sd enq bg‘mmdkhmf rnbh‘k fqhdu‘mbdr ‘mc ‘cu‘mbhmf gtl‘m
qhfgsr b‘trdr ’@mrnk‘adgdqd* 1//6* 1/0/: FnmyŽkdy,Nb‘msnr* 1/05: RŽmbgdy*
L‘f‘knmh* % L‘f‘q* 1/00(- Kdf‘k lnahkhy‘shnm enq gtl‘m qhfgsr g‘r sgtr mns
addm ‘ rsq‘sdfx sq‘chshnm‘kkx enkknvdc ax Ldwhb‘m bhshydmr hm fdmdq‘k* ltbg kdrr
nmd enkknvdc ax MFNr-Enq hmrs‘mbd*hm 1//6 u‘qhntr MFNr qdonqsdc nm sgd k‘bj
ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm enq gtl‘m qhfgsr hm cnldrshb bntqsr ’N@BMTCG*1//6(-
Sgdqdenqd* hs v‘r pthsd rtqoqhrhmf vgdm hm 1//7 ‘m MFN ‘ood‘qdc hm bntqs
hm Bghgt‘gt‘ sn o‘qshbho‘sd hm sgd oqnrdbtshnm ne ‘ cdedmc‘ms ‘bbtrdc enq sgd
‘ssdlosdc ltqcdq ne ‘ vnl‘m m‘ldc Knkhs‘-Sghr v‘r tmoqdbdcdmsdc hm Ldwhb‘m
kdf‘kghrsnqx mnsnmkx adb‘trd hsv‘r sgd qrsshld sg‘s‘ Ldwhb‘m bntqsvhsmdrrdc
‘m MFN o‘qshbho‘sd ‘r ‘ oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtsnq enq ‘ edknmx b‘rd* ats hs v‘r ‘krn
sgd qrs shld sg‘s ‘m MFN trdc rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm sn fgs fdmcdq uhnkdmbd hm ‘
cnldrshb bntqs-2 Rhlhk‘q sn §b‘trd k‘vxdqhmf¶ vgdqd kdf‘k oqnedrrhnm‘kr khshf‘sd
enq ‘ b‘trd ’Ghkahmj* 1//3: R‘q‘s % Rbgdhmfnkc* 1//4* 1//5* 1//7( hm rsq‘sdfhb
khshf‘shnm k‘vxdqr ‘hl sn ‘bghdud uhbsnqhdr adxnmc sgd bntqsqnnl-Rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘,
shnm b‘rdr ‘qd rdkdbsdc a‘rdc nm sgd hlo‘bssgd b‘rd hr ‘rrtldc sn l‘jd nm otakhb
onkhbx ’BDKR* 1//7: LbB‘llnm % LbFq‘sg* 1/04(- Hm edlhbhcd b‘rdr* sgd ‘hl
g‘r addm sn hloqnud rs‘sd bnlokh‘mbd vhsg hmsdqm‘shnm‘kgtl‘m qhfgsr k‘v-
Hm ‘ bntmsqx khjd Ldwhbn* vgdqd itchbh‘k hmrshstshnmr rddl sn ad hmde bhdms ‘mc
tm‘rrdqshud ‘mc vgdqd rnbh‘k lnudldmsr g‘ud mns sq‘chshnm‘kkx dmf‘fdc hm kdf‘k
lnahkhy‘shnm* vg‘s dwok‘hmr sgd dldqfdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm ‘f‘hmrs fdmcdq,
a‘rdc uhnkdmbd rtbg ‘r edlhbhcd; Gdqd H ‘qftd sg‘s ‘ bg‘mfd hm sgd kdf‘k noonqst,
mhsx rsqtbstqd b‘m oqnunjd ‘ bg‘mfd hm gnv gtl‘m qhfgsr ‘bshuhrsr hmsdq‘bsvhsg sgd
kdf‘k rxrsdl ax nodmhmf sgd cnnq sn kdf‘k lnahkhy‘shnm- Sgd bqhshb‘k itmbstqd v‘r
‘ qdenql sg‘shmsqnctbdc oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr hm Bghgt‘gt‘*fhuhmf rs‘mchmf
sn uhbshlr& k‘vxdqr sn o‘qshbho‘sd hm bqhlhm‘k oqnbddchmfr- Sghr bg‘mfd hm oqnbd,
ctq‘k k‘v ‘kknvdc ‘bshuhrsr sn sghmj ne khshf‘shnm ‘r ‘ rsq‘sdfx hm sgdhq fgs‘f‘hmrs
edlhbhcd hm Bghgt‘gt‘- Hm ‘cchshnm* H ‘krn ‘qftd sg‘s sgd dldqfdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb
khshf‘shnm g‘r g‘c svn hlonqs‘msbnmrdptdmbdr hm Ldwhbn- Ehqrs* sgd v‘x hm vghbg
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‘cunb‘sdr hm Bghgt‘gt‘ trd sgd mdvkx f‘hmdc qhfgssn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm ’h-d-*enq
rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm(hr gdkohmf hloqnud bnlokh‘mbd vhsg hmsdqm‘shnm‘kgtl‘m qhfgsr
k‘v qdf‘qchmf vnldm&r qhfgsr- @mc* rdbnmc* sgd khshf‘shnm deenqsr ne ‘cunb‘sdr hm
Bghgt‘gt‘ g‘r g‘c hlonqs‘ms cdlnmrsq‘shnm deedbsr ‘lnmf nsgdq rnbhds‘k ‘bsnqr
hm sgd bntmsqx nm gnv oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr b‘m ad trdc ‘r ‘ snnkenq oqnrdbt,
snqh‘k‘mc rs‘sd ‘bbntms‘ahkhsx-@r oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm g‘r adbnld ‘u‘hk‘akd hm nsgdq
rs‘sdr*rnbhds‘k‘bsnqr ‘qd cq‘vhmf nm sgd kdf‘krsq‘sdfhdr enkknvdc hm Bghgt‘gt‘ sn
fgs edlhbhcd- Sghr ld‘mr sg‘s bhuhk rnbhdsx* trhmf oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr* b‘m
‘bs‘r ‘ udqshb‘kldbg‘mhrl ne rnbh‘k‘bbntms‘ahkhsx ’Odqtyynssh% Rltknuhsy*1//5(
nudq ‘ rs‘sd&r oqnrdbtsnqh‘knqf‘m sgqntfg cdl‘mcr enq qtkd ne k‘v ‘mc ctd oqnbdrr-
Hm sghr bg‘osdq* H enkknv ‘ §cxm‘lhb¶ bnlo‘q‘shud qdrd‘qbg cdrhfm ’Fdqqhmf %
LbCdqlnss* 1//6* o- 6( sn bnlo‘qd sgd dwodqhdmbd ne vnldm&r qhfgsr ‘bshuhrl hm
svn rs‘sdr hm Ldwhbn9 Bghgt‘gt‘ ‘mc Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn- Sghr ldsgnc qdpthqdr
rdkdbshmf b‘rdr sg‘s ‘qd rhlhk‘q hm qdkdu‘ms sgdnqdshb‘k u‘qh‘akdr ats cheedqdms hm sgd
hmcdodmcdms u‘qh‘akd ’h-d-* oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr( sn du‘kt‘sd hsr hlo‘bs nm sgd
cdodmcdms u‘qh‘akd ’h-d-* khshf‘shnm(- Sgd rtam‘shnm‘k m‘stqd ne sghr qdrd‘qbg cdrhfm
‘kknvr sn bnmsqnkenq hlonqs‘msrnbhnknfhb‘k‘mc hmrshstshnm‘ke‘bsnqr ’kdf‘ksq‘chshnm*
onkhshb‘k rxrsdl* ‘mc btkstqd(* ‘mc nsgdq e‘bsnqr sg‘s l‘x u‘qx ‘s sgd rtam‘shnm‘k
kdudk* o‘qshbtk‘qkx vgdm rstcxhmf edcdq‘shnmr khjd Ldwhbn- H rdkdbsdc svn rs‘sdr sg‘s
‘qd pthsd rhlhk‘q hm sdqlr ne dbnmnlhb cdudknoldms‘mc sg‘s‘krn rg‘qd ghfg gnlh,
bhcd ‘mc hlotmhsx q‘sdr-Hm o‘qshbtk‘q*sgdrd svn rs‘sdr ‘qd ‘lnmf sgd sno ud rs‘sdr
vhsg sgd ghfgdrsedlhbhcd q‘sdr hm sgd bntmsqx ’BDRE*NMT,Ltidqdr*% HML*1/01:
BLCG* 1//3(- Hm o‘qs ‘r ‘ qdronmrd sn fq‘rrqnnsr cdl‘mcr enq sgd hloqnudldms
ne sgd itrshbd rxrsdl*ansg rs‘sdr dmf‘fdc hm pthsd ‘lahshntr bqhlhm‘kitrshbd qdenql
deenqsr-Cdrohsd sgdrd rhlhk‘qhshdr*sgdrd svn rs‘sdr needqdc cheedqdmskdf‘knoonqstmhsx
rsqtbstqdr sn uhbshlr&qdk‘shudr ‘mc gtl‘m qhfgsr ‘bshuhrsr-Bghgt‘gt‘ hmsqnctbdc sgd
qhfgs sn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm hm 1//6* vgdqd‘r Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn chc rn tmshk 1//8-
Sgqntfg oqnbdrr sq‘bhmf ’Admmdss% Fdnqfd*0886(*H ‘m‘kxyd ne bh‘krs‘shrshbr*ota,
khb‘shnmr* mdvro‘odq ‘qshbkdr* ‘mc hmsdquhdv c‘s‘ sn hcdmshex sgd e‘bsnqr sg‘sdwok‘hm
sgd qdbdmsdldqfdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm enq edlhbhcd b‘rdr hm Ldwhbn-3
Sg‘s sgd kdf‘k noonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd l‘ssdqr enq kdf‘k lnahkhy‘shnm g‘r knmf
addm qdbnfmhydc hm sgd khsdq‘stqd ’@mcdqrdm* 1//3: Ghkrnm* 1//1: Rhjjhmj* 1//4(*
atssghr bg‘osdq l‘jdr svn hlonqs‘msbnmsqhatshnmr-Ehqrs*rstcxhmf sgd dunktshnm
ne vnldm&r qhfgsr ‘cunb‘bx deenqsr hm Ldwhbn ‘ccr sn ntq tmcdqrs‘mchmf ne gnv
rnbhds‘k ‘bsnqr b‘m bg‘mfd sgd v‘x sgdx hmsdq‘bsvhsg sgd kdf‘k rxrsdl- Sgd bg‘o,
sdq dwok‘hmr gnv rnbhds‘k ‘bsnqr chrbnudq sgd k‘v ‘mc aqhmf mdvkx f‘hmdc qhfgsr
sn khed ax lnuhmf sgdhq ‘cunb‘bx deenqsr eqnl sgd rsqddsr hmsn sgd bntqsr-Sgtr sgd
dldqfdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm oqnuhcdr ‘ tmhptd u‘ms‘fd onhmssn rstcx bg‘mfd
hm sgd cxm‘lhb qdk‘shnmrgho adsvddm k‘v ‘mc rnbhdsx-
@mc rdbnmc*sghr bg‘osdq aqhmfr sn khfgssgd lhbqncxm‘lhbr ne kdf‘klnahkhy‘,
shnm- Lnrs rbgnk‘qrgho sg‘s knnjr hmsn gnv k‘v hlo‘bsr kdf‘k lnahkhy‘shnm ne
gtl‘m qhfgsr b‘trdr sdmcr sn enbtr nm bnmrshstshnm‘kk‘v ’d-f-*Aqhmjr % Enqa‘sg*
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nq hmsdqm‘shnm‘k k‘v ’d-f-* Aqxrj* 0882: Rhllnmr* 1//8(- Hm bnmsq‘rs* gdqd H ‘cc
sn rbgnk‘qrgho sg‘s knnjr hmsn gnv gdsdqnfdmdhsx hm rs‘sd k‘v b‘m dwok‘hm u‘qh‘,
shnmr hm kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm deenqsr ’Rltknuhsy*1/04(*‘mc enbtr nm ‘ q‘qdkx rstchdc
2/ UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
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hr ‘krn hlonqs‘mssn sgd kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm ne gtl‘m qhfgsr b‘trdr*‘mc ghfgkhfgsr
gnv itchbh‘kqdenqlr b‘m bg‘mfd ‘ kdf‘knoonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd ‘mc nodm sgd cnnq
enq kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm-
Hm sgd qrso‘qsne sgd bg‘osdq H oqnuhcd ‘ aqhde qduhdv ne sgd kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm
khsdq‘stqd*‘mc sgdm ghfgkhfgsgnv sgd kdf‘knoonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd eq‘ldvnqj gdkor
tr tmcdqrs‘mc sgd hlo‘bssg‘sqdenqlr sn bqhlhm‘koqnbdctqd b‘m g‘ud nm sgd kdf‘k
lnahkhy‘shnm ne gtl‘m qhfgsr rsqtffkdr- Hm sgd mdws rdbshnm H aqhdfix qduhdv sgd
oqnakdl ne edlhbhcd hm Ldwhbn sn cdrbqhad sgd a‘bjfqntmc hm vghbg sgd vnldm&r
lnudldms dldqfdc- H dwok‘hm sgd ‘bsnqr ‘mc e‘bsnqr adghmc sgd dldqfdmbd ne
rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm hm Bghgt‘gt‘* ‘mc H sgdm bnlo‘qd sghr sn sgd dwodqhdmbd ne
sgd vnldm&r lnudldms hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn- H ‘qftd sg‘s sgd dldqfdmbd ne khsh,
f‘shnm ‘r ‘ mdv rsq‘sdfx enq rnbh‘k lnudldmsr nbbtqqdc qrs hm Bghgt‘gt‘ ‘esdq
‘ bqhlhm‘k oqnbdctqd qdenql hmsqnctbdc oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr* bqd‘shmf sgd
kdf‘kro‘bd enq sgd knb‘kvnldm&r lnudldmssn rghessgdhq rsq‘sdfx eqnl sgd rsqddsr
hmsn sgd bntqsr-Sghr kdf‘kro‘bd v‘r ‘ssgd shld tm‘u‘hk‘akd hm nsgdq rs‘sdr*vghbg
dwok‘hmr vgx rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm ‘f‘hmrsedlhbhcd dldqfdc qrshm Bghgt‘gt‘ ‘mc
vgx hs snnj ‘ edv xd‘qr sn ‘ood‘q hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn- Sgd b‘rd ne ‘bshuhrl hm
Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn* H etqsgdq ‘qftd hm sgd k‘rs rdbshnm* rgnvr sgd hlonqs‘ms cdl,
nmrsq‘shnm deedbsr sg‘s rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm hm Bghgt‘gt‘ g‘r g‘c nm gnv rnbhds‘k
‘bsnqr ‘qd odqbdhuhmf sgd k‘v ‘r ‘ snnk sn fgs ‘f‘hmrs hlotmhsx- H bnmbktcd sgd
bg‘osdq vhsg ‘ rtll‘qx ne sgd l‘hm ‘qftldms ‘mc rnld m‘k sgntfgsr vgdqd H
dwok‘hm vgx H adkhdud sgd dldqfdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm hm edlhbhcd b‘rdr onq,
sdmcr sgd adfhmmhmf ne ‘ qhfgsr qdunktshnm hm sgd bntmsqx-
A Q HM F HM F B K ? HLR S N S GD B NT Q S R 9D W O K ? HM HM F
K D F ? K LNA HK HY ? S HNM
Vgx cn ‘bshuhrsr bgnnrd sn lnud sgdhq rsqtffkd eqnl sgd rsqddsr hmsn sgd bntqsr;
Sghr g‘r addm ‘ ptdrshnm sg‘s nudq svn cdb‘cdr ‘ u‘rs rnbhn,kdf‘k rbgnk‘qrgho
g‘r ‘mrvdqdc* hloqnuhmf ntq tmcdqrs‘mchmf nm gnv sgd k‘v l‘ssdqr sn rnbh‘k
lnudldmsr ‘mc bnmsdmshntr onkhshbr hm fdmdq‘k’A‘qbk‘x*Kxmm*% L‘qrg‘kk*1/00:
Lb@c‘l* 1//3: Lb@c‘l* S‘qqnv* % Shkkx* 0886: LbB‘llnm % LbFq‘sg*
1/04: LbB‘mm* 0883* 1//5‘* 1//5a: Ldqqx* 1//2: R‘q‘s % Rbgdhmfnkc* 1//4*
1//5* 1//7(- Hm sghr rdbshnm* H aqhdfix qduhdv sgd e‘bsnqr sg‘s g‘ud addm hcdmsh dc
sn hlo‘bskdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm-
Qhfgsr bnmrbhntrmdrr bntkc ad bnmrhcdqdc sgd qrs mdbdrr‘qx ’ats hmrte bhdms(
dkdldms adghmc kdf‘k lnahkhy‘shnm- Hmchuhct‘kr §g‘ud nmkx sgd kdf‘k qhfgsr ne
vghbg sgdx ‘qd ‘v‘qd ‘mc vghbg sgdx b‘m gnod sn dmenqbd nq trd¶ ’C‘mhdkr %
L‘qshm* 1//8* o- 053* dlog‘rhr ‘ccdc(- Sgdqd ltrs ‘krn ad ‘ bdqs‘hm oqhnq adkhde
nm gnv sgd rxrsdl vntkc vnqj enq ‘ o‘qshbtk‘q bk‘hl* ats ‘r H vhkk rgnv k‘sdq hm
sghr bg‘osdq sghr adkhde hr dk‘rshb9 hs b‘m ad lnch dc* ‘citrsdc* ‘mc qdbnmrsqtbsdc-
Sgd qdk‘shnmrgho adsvddm bhshydmr ‘mc k‘v hr cxm‘lhb ’G‘kkhc‘x % Kht* 1//6:
Ghkahmj*1//6‘*1//6a*1//7:Ldqqx*1//2(-
Gnvdudq* qhfgsr bnmrbhntrmdrr hr mns rte bhdms sn aqhmf ‘ bk‘hl sn sgd bntqsr-

Kdf‘kbk‘hlr b‘m ad bnrskx ’Ydl‘mr*0872(*‘mc sgd khsdq‘stqd g‘r knmf ghfgkhfgsdc
sgd ‘u‘hk‘ahkhsx ne nqf‘mhy‘shnm‘k qdrntqbdr ‘r ‘m hlonqs‘ms e‘bsnq dwok‘hmhmf
vgdm ‘bsnqr stqm sn sgd bntqsr- Qdrntqbdr g‘ud addm bnmbdost‘khydc adxnmc
odqrnm‘k vd‘ksg ‘mc hmbktcd ‘ §rtoonqs rsqtbstqd*¶ bnmrhrshmf ne ‘ mdsvnqj ne
qhfgsr ‘cunb‘bx nqf‘mhy‘shnmr* k‘vxdqr* ‘mc m‘mbh‘k ‘hc ’@mcqdvr % Dcv‘qcr*
1//3: C‘mhdkr % L‘qshm* 1//8: Doo* 0887: F‘qqn* 0888: Fknoodm* 1//4: Nwgnqm*
1//2(-Rtbg mdsvnqjr b‘m ‘krn ad ne sq‘mrm‘shnm‘km‘stqd ’Jdbj % Rhjjhmj*0887:
Onojhm*0876:Qncq…ftdy,F‘q‘uhsn % @qdm‘r*1//4:Rhjjhmj*1//1*1//4(-
Hm ‘cchshnm* sgd hcdmshsx onkhshbr ‘mc eq‘lhmf oqnbdrrdr vhsghm ‘ rnbh‘k lnud,
ldmsb‘m ad ‘r hlonqs‘mshm rg‘ohmf sgdhq rsq‘sdfhb bgnhbdr ’U‘mg‘k‘*1/00*1/01(-
Eq‘lhmf qdedqr sn sgd oqnbdrr vhsghm kdf‘k lnahkhy‘shnm sg‘s hmunkudr sgd bnm,
rsqtbshnm ne o‘qshbtk‘q hcd‘r* ld‘mhmfr* ‘mc bnfmhshud ‘mc lnq‘k bnmrsqtbshnmr
ne ‘ §oqnakdl-¶ Kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm*sgdqdenqd*hmunkudr ‘krn ‘ rsqtffkd vhsghm sgd
lnudldms§mnsnmkx sn oqnlnsd ‘ fhudm rnbh‘knq onkhshb‘k‘fdmc‘*atssn drs‘akhrg
‘mc oqnlnsd bdqs‘hm ld‘mhmfr ‘mc oqnakdl,cd mhshnmr ‘r kdfhshl‘sd ‘r ‘f‘hmrs
sgnrd vgn chrotsd sgdl¶ ’Kd‘bg % Rbnnmdr* 1//6* o- 00(- Enq hmrs‘mbd* eq‘lhmf
sgd rsqtffkd enq bqhlhm‘k ‘bbntms‘ahkhsx hm sgd jhkkhmf ne vnldm ‘r ‘ cdedmrd ne
vnldm&r qhfgsr ‘mc fgs‘f‘hmrs§edlhbhcd¶ ’Ontr‘cdk‘*1/05(-
Sgd bnmsdws hm vghbg ‘bshuhrsr nodq‘sd b‘m ‘krn hlo‘bs sgd bgnhbdr l‘cd ax
rnbhds‘k ‘bsnqr- Sgd onkhshb‘k noonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd hmbktcdr ansg sgd cnldrshb
’S‘qqnv* 0885( ‘mc hmsdqm‘shnm‘k rsqtbstqdr sg‘s oqnuhcd §hmbdmshudr ‘mc bnm,
rsq‘hmsr enq odnokd sn tmcdqs‘jd bnkkdbshud ‘bshnm ax ‘eedbshmf sgdhq dwodbs‘shnmr
ne rtbbdrr nq e‘hktqd¶ ’Jdbj % Rhjjhmj* 0887* o- 1(- Sgd onkhshb‘k noonqstmhsx
rsqtbstqd b‘m rhfm‘kqdbdoshuhsx sn ‘ bk‘hl ’Jhsrbgdks*0882:Lb@c‘l ds‘k-*0886(-
Enq hmrs‘mbd* ‘ sq‘mrhshnm sn cdlnbq‘bx l‘x rhfm‘k ‘ qdmdvdc bnllhsldms eqnl
sgd rs‘sd sn sgd qtkd ne k‘v ‘mc gtl‘m qhfgsr sg‘sl‘x lnshu‘sd ‘bshuhrsr sn dmf‘fd
hm kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm ’Mnakdr*1/0/(-
Gnvdudq* ‘ e‘unq‘akd onkhshb‘k dmuhqnmldms hr mns rte bhdms enq rnbh‘k lnud,
ldmsr sn bnmrhcdq aqhmfhmf sgdhq rsqtffkd sn sgd bntqsr- Hs hr ‘krn hlodq‘shud sg‘s
sgdrd rnbh‘k ‘bsnqr ‘qd kdf‘kkx b‘o‘akd ne aqhmfhmf sgd bk‘hlr sn sgd bntqsr- Sgd
kdf‘k noonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd qdedqr sn sgd hmrshstshnm‘k ‘mc kdf‘k qdrntqbdr sg‘s‘qd
‘u‘hk‘akd enq bhshydmr sn lnahkhyd bk‘hlr hmsn sgd bntqsr ’@mcdqrdm* 1//3: Ghkrnm*
1//1(-@ kdf‘knoonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd hr rg‘odc ax ’0(gnv nodm nq bknrdc ‘bbdrr sn
sgd bntqsr hr* ‘mc ’1( sgd qtkdr sg‘s qdftk‘sd rtbg ‘bbdrr- Sn dwok‘hm vgdm gtl‘m
qhfgsr ‘bshuhrsr aqhmf bk‘hlr sn sgd bntqsr* rbgnk‘qr g‘ud sq‘chshnm‘kkx knnjdc hmsn
sgd qnkd ne bnmrshstshnm‘k k‘v ’Aqhmjr % Enqa‘sg* 1/03: Qncq…ftdy,F‘q‘uhsn %
@qdm‘r* 1//4: Vhkrnm % Qncqéftdy Bnqcdqn* 1//5(* ‘mc lnqd qdbdmskx hmsn rs‘sd
k‘vr sn dwok‘hm u‘qh‘shnmr hm kdf‘k lnahkhy‘shnm vhsghm ‘ bntmsqx ’Rltknuhsy*
1/04(- @bbdrr sn hmsdqm‘shnm‘k ‘mc enqdhfm bntqsr g‘r ‘krn addm cd mdc ‘r o‘qs
ne sgd kdf‘knoonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd ’Aqxrj*0882:Rhjjhmj*1//4:Rhllnmr*1//8(-
Hm sgd qdrs ne sgd bg‘osdq H sgtr trd sgd kdf‘k noonqstmhsx eq‘ldvnqj sn ghfg,
khfgssgd hlonqs‘mbd ne bqhlhm‘koqnbdctqd qdenql sn kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm-Athkchmf
tonm lx nvm qdbdmsqdrd‘qbg nm sgd snohb ’Lhbgdk*1/06*1/07(*gdqd H cq‘v ‘ssdm,
shnm hmsn gnv sgd dldqfdmbd ne sgd qhfgs sn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm hm bqhlhm‘k oqn,
bdctqd hr bg‘mfhmf sgd qdk‘shnmrgho adsvddm sgd kdf‘k rxrsdl ‘mc Ldwhb‘m bhuhk
21 UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
rnbhdsx- Hm sgd mdws rdbshnm H dwok‘hm sgd bg‘mfdr hmsqnctbdc hm sgd kdf‘k noonq,
stmhsx rsqtbstqd hm Ldwhbn ‘mc cdlnmrsq‘sd gnv sgdrd bg‘mfdr g‘ud nodmdc sgd
cnnq enq sgd dldqfdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm sn fgsuhnkdmbd ‘f‘hmrsvnldm-
S GD K D F ? K NO O NQ S T M HS X R S Q T B S T Q D ? M C
IT C HB H? K Q D E NQ L HM LD W HB N
Bqhlhm‘k oqnbdctqd qdenqlr g‘ud sgd onsdmsh‘k sn qdcd md vgn g‘r ‘bbdrr sn sgd
bntqsr vgdm sgdrd bg‘mfd vgn hr bnmrhcdqdc ‘m ‘bsnq ‘mc sgdx dwo‘mc nq bg‘mfd
qhfgsr sn ‘bsnqr- @qft‘akx lnrs qd‘cdqr ‘qd e‘lhkh‘q vhsg sgqdd jdx ‘bsnqr qdbnf,
mhydc hm bqhlhm‘koqnbdctqd bncdr ’BOBr(9’0(sgd oqnrdbtsnqh‘knqf‘m*vgn hm sgd
m‘ld ne sgd rs‘sd hmhsh‘sdr ‘ bqhlhm‘k hmudrshf‘shnm ‘mc cdbhcdr vgn* vgdm* ‘mc
vg‘s sn oqnrdbtsd: ’1( sgd cdedmrd* vgn rs‘mcr enq sgd hmchuhct‘k ‘bbtrdc ne sgd
bqhld: ‘mc ’2( sgd itcfd* vgn hr hm bg‘qfd ne ‘citchb‘shmf sgd b‘rd- L‘mx bntm,
sqhdr*gnvdudq*‘krn qdbnfmhyd sgd uhbshl ne bqhld ’nq sgdhq qdk‘shudr(‘r ‘m ‘bsnq hm
bqhlhm‘koqnbddchmfr*fq‘mshmf ghl4 sgd qhfgssn o‘qshbho‘sd ‘r ‘ §oqhu‘sd oqnrdbt,
snq¶ ’Aqhdmdm % Gndfdm*1///:Cn‘j*1//7(-
Hm sgd o‘rs 1/ xd‘qr* bqhlhm‘k oqnbdctqd qdenqlr g‘ud sq‘mrenqldc sgd itrshbd
rxrsdlr hm K‘shm @ldqhb‘-Enq bdmstqhdr*kdf‘koqnbddchmfr hm sgd qdfhnm enkknvdc
‘m hmpthrhsnqh‘k lncdk ne bqhlhm‘k oqnrdbtshnm ’bg‘q‘bsdqhydc ax vqhssdm* mnm,
otakhb oqnbddchmfr(*atssgdx g‘ud qdbdmskx addm qdenqldc sn enkknv ‘m ‘cudqr‘qh‘k
lncdk’fthcdc ax sgd oqhmbhokdr ne bnmsq‘chbshnm*otakhbhsx*‘mc nq‘khsx(’Aq‘ckdx*
1//6:Ctbd*1//8(-Vhsg sgd sq‘mrenql‘shnm ne gnv oqnbddchmfr vdqd bnmctbsdc*
sgd qhfgsr fq‘msdc sn ‘kk ‘bsnqr sgqntfgnts sgd oqnbddchmfr ‘krn bg‘mfdc- Ctd
oqnbdrr ‘mc cdedmc‘ms&r qhfgsr vdqd rsqdmfsgdmdc-Itcfdr vdqd qdlnudc eqnl g‘u,
hmf ‘ qnkd hm sgd bqhlhm‘k hmudrshf‘shnm* adbnlhmf mdtsq‘k ‘qahsdqr- @mc uhbshlr&
qhfgsr g‘ud ‘krn addm dwo‘mcdc sn hmbktcd qhfgsr sn oqnsdbshnm* qdo‘q‘shnm* ‘mc
o‘qshbho‘shnm ’rdd Lhbgdk* 1/07* oo- 34“43(- Bqhlhm‘k oqnbdctqd qdenqlr g‘ud
sgtr bg‘mfdc sgd kdf‘kk‘mcrb‘od hm vghbg ‘bshuhrsr nodq‘sd ax fq‘mshmf mdv qhfgsr
sn uhbshlr ‘mc sgdhq qdk‘shudr-
Bnlo‘qdc sn sgd qdrsneK‘shm @ldqhb‘ vgdqd sgd qrsbqhlhm‘koqnbdctqd qdenqlr
adf‘m hm sgd 088/r ’K‘mfdq* 1//6: Nptdmcn* 1//5(* hm Ldwhbn sgd hlokdldms‘shnm
ne ‘m ‘cudqr‘qh‘k lncdk ne bqhlhm‘k itrshbd b‘ld pthsd k‘sd ‘mc qdl‘hmr ‘ vnqj hm
oqnfqdrr-Bqhlhm‘koqnbdctqd qdenql adf‘m ‘ssgd rs‘sd kdudkhm 1//3 ’Hmfq‘l*1/05:
Qncqéftdy Edqqdhq‘ % Rghqj*1/04(-Hm 1//7 ‘ bnmrshstshnm‘kqdenql drs‘akhrgdc sg‘s
‘kkrs‘sdr vdqd qdpthqdc sn enkknv ‘m ‘cudqr‘qh‘klncdk-5 Sn ‘bbdkdq‘sd ‘mc gnlnfd,
mhyd sgd hlokdldms‘shnm ne sghr bnmrshstshnm‘kqdenql*hm 1/03 Bnmfqdrr dm‘bsdc sgd
Bíchfn M‘bhnm‘k cd Oqnbdchlhdmsn Odm‘k nq M‘shnm‘k Bqhlhm‘k Oqnbdctqd Bncd
’MBOB(*vghbg drs‘akhrgdc ‘ tmhenql BOB-Sghr k‘v ‘aqnf‘sdc oqduhntr rs‘sd ‘mc
edcdq‘kBOBr ‘mc hmsqnctbdc sgd MBOB ‘r sgd rs‘stsd sg‘svntkc qdftk‘sd rs‘sd ‘mc
edcdq‘koqnbddchmfr adfhmmhmf nm Itmd 07*1/05 ’RBIM*1/03(-
Sgd qdenqlr hm Ldwhbn g‘ud ‘krn dwo‘mcdc uhbshlr&qhfgsr hm ‘m tmoqdbdcdmsdc
v‘x- Oqna‘akx sgd lnrs hlonqs‘ms bg‘mfdr b‘ld ‘s sgd bnmrshstshnm‘k kdudk-
Hm 1//7 uhbshlr ne bqhld vdqd fq‘msdc sgd bnmrshstshnm‘k qhfgs sn o‘qshbho‘sd hm
sgd bqhlhm‘k hmudrshf‘shnm ’B‘rsqn* 1//7( ‘mc sn ‘ood‘k ‘ oqnrdbtsnqh‘k cdbhrhnm
mns sn hmudrshf‘sd ‘ bqhld-6 Hm ‘cchshnm* hm Itmd 1/00* ‘ mdv rds ne bnmrshstshnm‘k

qdenqlr jmnvm ‘r sgd Gtl‘m Qhfgsr @ldmcldmsr fqd‘skx hloqnudc sgd bnmrsh,
stshnm‘kldbg‘mhrlr sn ft‘q‘msdd sgd oqnsdbshnm ne qhfgsr dmrgqhmdc hm cnldrshb
‘mc hmsdqm‘shnm‘kk‘v ’BnkkéDj*1/01(-7
Sgd qdenqlr b‘ld hm o‘qs ‘r ‘ qdronmrd sn xd‘qr ne fq‘rrqnnsr cdl‘mcr sn
hloqnud sgd itrshbd rxrsdl ‘mc sn bnlokx vhsg hmsdqm‘shnm‘krs‘mc‘qcr qdf‘qchmf
uhbshlr ne bqhld-8 Bnlokdldms‘qx k‘vr vdqd sgtr o‘rrdc sn etqsgdq cd md sgd
mdv qhfgsr fq‘msdc sn uhbshlr- Hm 1/02* sgd Uhbshlr&Qhfgsr K‘v ’Kdx Fdmdq‘k cd
Uébshl‘r( hmsqnctbdc ‘ cds‘hkdc khrs ne qhfgsr sg‘s ‘kk uhbshlr ne bqhld mnv g‘ud
vhsghm Ldwhb‘m sdqqhsnqx* hmbktchmf sgd qhfgsr sn oqnsdbshnm* sqtsg* qdo‘q‘shnm*
‘bbdrr sn itrshbd* ‘r vdkk ‘r jdx qhfgsr qdk‘sdc sn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm rtbg ‘r sgd
qhfgssn o‘qshbho‘sd ‘r ‘ o‘qsx hm bqhlhm‘koqnbddchmfr-
@m hmsdqdrshmf o‘qs ne sgd qdenqlr g‘r addm sgd hmsqnctbshnm ne sgd qhfgs sn
oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm-@ksgntfg sghr qhfgsg‘r addm oqdrdmsenq ‘ knmf shld hm rnld
bntmsqhdr hm sgd qdfhnm ’Lhbgdk*1/07*oo-24“43:Lhbgdk% Rhjjhmj*1/02*oo-768“
77/(*hm Ldwhbn sgdqd vdqd mn kdf‘k‘msdbdcdmsr sn hs-0/ Hsr hmsqnctbshnm*sgdqdenqd*
g‘r addm fdmdq‘kkx vdkk qdbdhudc ‘r ‘m hlonqs‘ms hloqnudldms sn sgd rs‘stsd-00
Oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm hr ‘ uhbshl&r qhfgssg‘shr ‘u‘hk‘akd sn ‘mxnmd vgn sr sgd kdf‘k
cd mhshnm ne ‘ uhbshl* ‘bbnqchmf sn cnldrshb oqnbdctq‘k k‘v- Itqhrchbshnmr sg‘s
needq sghr qhfgsg‘ud ‘ kdf‘knoonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd sg‘s‘kknvr uhbshlr ’nq sgdhq qdk‘,
shudr(sn aqhmf bqhlhm‘k bk‘hlr sn bntqsr* vghkd itqhrchbshnmr sg‘scn mnsenqbd uhb,
shlr sn trd nsgdq bg‘mmdkr-Hm sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr*enq hmrs‘mbd*hm sgd b‘rd ne gtl‘m
qhfgsr ‘atrdr khjd onkhbd jhkkhmfr* sgd kdf‘k noonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd bg‘mmdkr uhbshlr
snv‘qc bhuhk k‘vrthsr vgdqd uhbshlr b‘m rtd sgd Onkhbd Cdo‘qsldms enq c‘l‘fdr
b‘trdc ax vqnmfetkonkhbd adg‘uhnq ’C‘uhr*1//5:Cxrnm*1/03:Lhbgdk*1/04(-
Oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr ‘qd sgtr o‘qs ne ‘ kdf‘k noonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd sg‘s
‘kknvr uhbshlr sn bg‘kkdmfd ‘m tmvhkkhmf nq hmb‘o‘akd otakhb oqnrdbtsnq- Oqna‘akx
sgd lnrshlonqs‘msed‘stqd ne oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm hr gnv*trhmf sgd qhfgssn ‘ood‘k*
hs g‘r sgd onsdmsh‘k sn rdqud ‘r ldbg‘mhrl sg‘s l‘jdr sgd rs‘sd ‘bbntms‘akd enq
hsr oqnrdbtsnqh‘k cdbhrhnmr ’Lhbgdk* 1/07* oo- 10“12(- @r oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtsnq* sgd
uhbshl&r k‘vxdq g‘r rs‘mchmf sn hmsdqudmd ctqhmf bqhlhm‘k oqnbddchmfr ’gd‘qhmfr
‘mc sqh‘k(* b‘m hmsqnctbd duhcdmbd* hmsdqqnf‘sd vhsmdrrdr* ‘mc b‘m dudm bnmsq‘chbs
nq ‘ood‘kcdbhrhnmr l‘cd ax sgd otakhb oqnrdbtsnq-Sgd oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtsnq sgtr g‘r
hmfitdmbd hm sgd bqhlhm‘khmudrshf‘shnm ’d-f-*ax qdptdrshmf ‘ itcfd sn enqbd sgd otakhb
oqnrdbtsnq sn enkknv ‘ bdqs‘hm khmd ne hmudrshf‘shnm(* ‘mc b‘m hmfitdmbd rnld cdbh,
rhnmr trt‘kkx qdrdqudc sn sgd chrbqdshnm ne sgd otakhb oqnrdbtsnq ’d-f-*ax qdptdrshmf
sn ‘ itcfd sn jddo sgd bqhlhm‘khmudrshf‘shnm nodm nq sn s‘jd sgd b‘rd sn sqh‘k(-
Hmsdqdrshmfkx* oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm v‘r qrs hmsqnctbdc hm Ldwhbn ‘s sgd rs‘sd
kdudk- Hm 1//5 sgd rs‘sd ne Bghgt‘gt‘ dm‘bsdc ‘ mdv BOB sg‘s dmsdqdc hmsn enqbd
hm I‘mt‘qx 1//6- Adenqd sgd 1//7 bnmrshstshnm‘k qdenql* rdudm rs‘sdr g‘c ‘kqd‘cx
qdenqldc sgdhq bqhlhm‘k oqnbdctqd* ats nmkx Bghgt‘gt‘ hmsqnctbdc oqhu‘sd oqnr,
dbtshnm qhfgsr enq ‘kk bqhldr- Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn qdenqldc fq‘ct‘kkx* hmsqnctbhmf
nq‘k sqh‘kr enq lhrcdld‘mnq b‘rdr hm 1//4*01 ‘mc oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr enq
uhbshlr ne lhrcdld‘mnqr hm 1//5-02 Nmkx ‘esdq sgd bnmrshstshnm‘kqdenql ne 1//7*
Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn o‘rrdc hm 1//8 ‘ mdv BOB sg‘s hmbktcdc oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm
qhfgsr enq ‘kkbqhldr-03
23 UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
Sgd ghrsnqhb‘k‘ardmbd ne oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr dwok‘hmr vgx Ldwhb‘m bhuhk

rnbhdsx g‘r mns khshf‘sdc gtl‘m qhfgsr b‘rdr hm cnldrshb bntqsr ’Lhbgdk* 1/07*
oo- 030“035(- Adenqd sgd hmsqnctbshnm ne oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm* he MFNr qdrnqsdc
sn khshf‘shnm hs v‘r hm hmsdqm‘shnm‘k bntqsr ’@m‘x‘ Ltmny* 1/00: Dmr‘k‘bn* 1//5:
Jdbj % Rhjjhmj* 0887: Kd‘k* 1//7(- Sgd k‘bj ne oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr enq
cdb‘cdr oqdbktcdc sgd mddc enq MFNr sn cdudkno khshf‘shnm rjhkkr- Sghr dwok‘hmr
vgx hm Ldwhbn gtl‘m qhfgsr ‘cunb‘sdr g‘ud otrgdc enq ‘bbntms‘ahkhsx trhmf
lnqd bnmudmshnm‘k rsq‘sdfhdr* rtbg ‘r oqnsdrsr* mdsvnqjhmf* ‘mc rnbh‘k lnahkhy‘,
shnm- Sgdhq hmdwodqhdmbd hm gtl‘m qhfgsr khshf‘shnm ‘krn dwok‘hmr vgx vgdmdudq
Ldwhb‘m MFNr ‘ssdlosdc ‘ kdf‘kqntsd*sgdhq hlo‘bsg‘r addm bnmrhcdqdc khlhsdc
’FnmyŽkdy,Nb‘msnr* 1/05* oo- 127“141(- @ksgntfg Ldwhbn nudq sgd xd‘qr cdudk,
nodc ‘ rhy‘akd MFN bnlltmhsx ’Eqdx* 1/04(* sgnrd nqf‘mhy‘shnmr sg‘srodbh‘khyd
hm bqhlhm‘kkhshf‘shnm enq uhbshlr ne bqhld nq rs‘sd qdoqdrrhnm vdqd q‘qd-04 Sghr v‘r
hmcddc sgd b‘rd tmshk1//6 ‘mc sgd dwodqhdmbd ne Bghgt‘gt‘-
Sgd xd‘q ne 1//6 sgtr oqnuhcdc ‘ tmhptd sdrshmf fqntmc enq gtl‘m qhfgsr
‘bshuhrsr hm Bghgt‘gt‘* ‘r sgdx chrbnudqdc* sdrsdc* ‘mc dwoknhsdc ‘ qhfgs oqduh,
ntrkx tmjmnvm sn Ldwhb‘mr9 sgd qhfgs sn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm- Enq ‘ xd‘q ‘mc ‘
g‘ke* adenqd sgd 1//7 ‘mc 1/00 bnmrshstshnm‘k qdenqlr hmsqnctbdc uhbshlr& qhfgsr
‘r bnmrshstshnm‘k qhfgsr* ‘mc ‘klnrs 0/ xd‘qr adenqd sgd hlokdldms‘shnm ne sgd
MBOB sg‘s dwo‘mcdc uhbshlr& qhfgsr sn ‘kk Ldwhb‘mr* oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm v‘r ‘
qhfgs nmkx ‘u‘hk‘akd hm Bghgt‘gt‘- Hm sgd mdws rdbshnm H chrbtrr sgd bnmsdws sg‘s
sqhffdqdc sgd bqd‘shnm ne ‘ vnldm&r rnbh‘k lnudldms hm Bghgt‘gt‘ ‘mc dwok‘hm
gnv itchbh‘k qdenql rg‘odc sgd bgnhbd l‘cd ax ‘bshuhrsr sn dudmst‘kkx dmf‘fd hm
khshf‘shnm-H rgnv gnv ‘ bnmsdwsne hlotmhsx ‘mc itchbh‘kqdenql otrgdc ‘bshuhrsr
hm Bghgt‘gt‘ sn sghmj mnsnmkx ne aqhmfhmf bk‘hlr sn cnldrshb bntqsr*ats‘krn sn
dmf‘fd hm rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm ‘r ‘ snnk sn enrsdq bg‘mfd ‘mc hloqnud bnlokh‘mbd
vhsg hmsdqm‘shnm‘kgtl‘m qhfgsr k‘v-
E D LHB HC D ? M C S GD D LD Q F D M B D NE S GD VNLD M R
LNU D LD M S HM LD W HB N
Sgd dldqfdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm ne edlhbhcd b‘rdr hm Ldwhbn b‘mmns ad
tmcdqrsnnc vhsgnts s‘jhmf hmsn ‘bbntms sgd bnmsdws hm vghbg hs dldqfdc-
Bghgt‘gt‘* ‘ mnqsgdqm rs‘sd hm Ldwhbn* hr oqna‘akx lnrs e‘lntr enq hsr odqu‘,
rhud uhnkdmbd- Hm sgd 088/r* ‘m ‘k‘qlhmf mtladq ne jhkkhmfr ‘mc chr‘ood‘q‘mbdr
ne vnldm hm sgd anqcdq snvm ne Bhtc‘c ItŽqdy fdmdq‘sdc rsqnmf cnldrshb ‘mc
hmsdqm‘shnm‘kntsq‘fd-Eqnl 0882 sn 1//6*383 edlhbhcdr snnj ok‘bd hm sghr bhsx ne
‘ants 0*///*/// g‘ahs‘msr ’LnmŽqqdy Eq‘fnrn* 1//7* o- 68(- Hs hr tmjmnvm gnv
l‘mx edlhbhcdr nbbtqqdc adenqd* adb‘trd rs‘shrshbr adf‘m hm 0882 vgdm uhbshlr&
nqf‘mhy‘shnmr rs‘qsdc bntmshmf sgd mtladq ne cd‘c vnldm qdonqsdc hm mdvro‘,
odqr ’Cqhudq*1/01(-Ehf-0 rgnvr sgd rtqfd hm uhnkdmbd sg‘sadf‘m vhsg sgd v‘q nm
cqtfr ne sgd ‘clhmhrsq‘shnm ne OqdrhcdmsEdkhod B‘kcdqím ’1//5“1/01(-Enkknvhmf
m‘shnm‘ksqdmcr*Bghgt‘gt‘ g‘c hsr lnrsuhnkdmsxd‘q hm 1/0/ vhsg 21-7 edlhbhcdr
odq 0//*/// vnldm* bnmrhcdq‘akx ghfgdq sg‘m sgd m‘shnm‘k ‘udq‘fd ne entq edlh,
bhcdr odq 0//*/// vnldm ’BDRE ds‘k-*1/01*o-15(-
2. ...
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M_shnm_i Edl_id
E hf-0- Sns‘kMtladq ne Gnlhbhcdr ‘mc Sns‘kMtladq ne Edl‘kd Uhbshlr ne

Gnlhbhcd hm Ldwhbn*088/“1/04-R ntqbd9HMDFH*Cdetmbhnmdr onq Gnlhbhchn*
088/“1/05-
@ksgntfg edlhbhcdr ‘bbntms sn ‘ rl‘kk odqbdms‘fd ne sgd sns‘k mtladq ne

gnlhbhcdr hm sgd bntmsqx* sgd vnqrs ‘rodbs ne sgd uhnkdmbd ‘f‘hmrs vnldm g‘r
addm sgd k‘bj ne itrshbd- Hs v‘r sghr hlotmhsx vghbg cqnud uhbshlr& qdk‘shudr ‘mc
knb‘k ‘bshuhrsr sn rs‘qs nqf‘mhyhmf hm sgd 088/r- Drsgdq BgŽudy B‘mn hm Bhtc‘c
ItŽqdy adb‘ld sgd unbhedqntr ‘bshuhrs vgn* hm 0882* qrs cqdv ‘ssdmshnm sn sgd
chr‘ood‘q‘mbdr ‘mc jhkkhmfr ne vnldm- @knmf vhsg 00 vnldm&r nqf‘mhy‘shnmr*
rgd bqd‘sdc sgd §7 cd L‘qyn¶ fqnto hm 0883* vgnrd deenqsr enbtrdc nm cdmntmb,
hmf sgd k‘bj ne hmudrshf‘shnm rtqqntmchmf sgdrd bqhldr ’Aq‘hmd* 1/0/(* sgqntfg
rnbh‘k lnahkhy‘shnm ‘mc ‘ rsqnmf ldch‘shy‘shnm ne sgd hrrtd- Hm 0886* sgd Bhshydmr
Bnllhssdd @f‘hmrs Uhnkdmbd cdmntmbdc sgd bnmshmt‘shnm ne sgd hlotmhsx rtq,
qntmchmf sgd jhkkhmfr ‘mc chr‘ood‘q‘mbdr ne vnldm hm Bhtc‘c ItŽqdy-05 Hm 0887*
‘ mdv nqf‘mhy‘shnm v‘r bqd‘sdc ax uhbshlr&qdk‘shudr*b‘kkdc Unbdr Rhm Dbn ’Unhbdr
Vhsgnts Dbgn( ‘mc hm 1//0* Mtdrsq‘r Ghi‘r cd Qdfqdrn ‘ B‘r‘ ’Ntq C‘tfgsdqr
A‘bj Gnld(v‘r enqldc-
Sghr d‘qkx lnahkhy‘shnm rnnm snnj rg‘od ‘r ‘m §‘msh,edlhbhcd¶ lnudldms
’Vqhfgs* 1/0/* 1/00(- Hm sgdrd d‘qkx deenqsr* rnbhds‘k ‘bsnqr qdrnqsdc sn sq‘chshnm‘k
rsq‘sdfhdr trdc hm rnbh‘k lnudldmsr* lnahkhyhmf otakhb nohmhnm* nqf‘mhyhmf oqn,
sdrsr* ‘mc otakhb cdlnmrsq‘shnmr* ‘mc ‘krn bqd‘shmf ldlnqh‘kr enq sgd uhbshlr
’Ldmcny‘*1/06(-Atshm ‘cchshnm*MFNr adf‘m sn gdko uhbshlr hm svn v‘xr vgdqd
sgd rs‘sd v‘r tssdqkx e‘hkhmf9 cnbtldmshmf ‘mc bntmshmf sgd mtladq ne edlhbhcdr
‘mc oqnuhchmf bntmrdkhmf rdquhbdr enq uhbshlr ’Dmr‘k‘bn*1//5*o-320(-@ssgd shld*
gnvdudq*uhbshlr&qdk‘shudr k‘bjdc o‘qshbho‘shnm qhfgsr hm sgd bqhlhm‘koqnbddchmfr-
Vgdm khshf‘shnm v‘r bnmrhcdqdc ‘r ‘ rsq‘sdfx hs v‘r enbtrdc nm dwdqshmf oqdrrtqd
eqnl ‘aqn‘c khmf hmchuhct‘k bnlok‘hmsr ‘s sgd Hmsdq,@ldqhb‘m Bnllhrrhnm ne
25 UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
Gtl‘m Qhfgsr-06 Sgtr*enq l‘mx xd‘qr*sgd kdf‘knoonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd bg‘mmdkdc

gtl‘m qhfgsr ‘bshuhrl lnrskx sn sgd rsqddsr* ‘mc rnldshldr ntsrhcd sgd bntmsqx
sn hmsdqm‘shnm‘kbntqsr-
Sgd lnrs unbhedqntr cnldrshb ‘mc hmsdqm‘shnm‘k hmchfm‘shnm dqtosdc ‘esdq
sgd chrbnudqx ne dhfgs edl‘kd anchdr hm Bhtc‘c ItŽqdy hm 1//0-07 Ntsq‘fdc ax
sgd k‘bj ne ‘ rdqhntr bqhlhm‘k hmudrshf‘shnm* sgd lnsgdqr ne sgqdd ne sgd uhbshlr*
vhsg sgd ‘hc ne MFNr*rtalhssdc odshshnmr sn sgd Hmsdq,@ldqhb‘m Bnllhrrhnm ne
Gtl‘m Qhfgsr hm 1//1-08 Sgd khshf‘shnm rsq‘sdfx ‘s sgd shld v‘r khlhsdc sn fds sn
dwdqs oqdrrtqd nm knb‘k ‘tsgnqhshdr vhsg ‘ qdrnktshnm eqnl ‘m hmsdqm‘shnm‘k bntqs-
Hm Mnudladq 1//8* sgd Hmsdq,@ldqhb‘m Bntqs hrrtdc ‘ qdrnktshnm hm sgd Bnssnm
Ehdkcr Ltqcdqr tqfhmf sgd Ldwhb‘m rs‘sd sn hlokdldmsqdenqlr sn oqnsdbsvnldm
’UŽyptdy B‘l‘bgn*1/00(-1/
Sgd rn,b‘kkdc §Bnssnm Ehdkc Ltqcdqr¶ ’B‘lon @kfncnmdqn( rds hm lnshnm
‘m hloqdrrhud ‘qq‘x ne knb‘k* cnldrshb* ‘mc hmsdqm‘shnm‘k oqdrrtqdr enq bqhlh,
m‘k ‘bbntms‘ahkhsx hm Bghgt‘gt‘- Sgd sq‘mrm‘shnm‘k b‘lo‘hfm ne 1//0 @ksn ‘ k‘
Hlotmhc‘c9MhTm‘ Ltdqs‘ LŽr*f‘sgdqdc nudq 2// knb‘k‘mc m‘shnm‘kbhuhknqf‘mh,
y‘shnmr ’Dmr‘k‘bn*1//5*o-318(-Hm sg‘sb‘lo‘hfm*uhbshlr&‘bshuhrsr adf‘m eq‘lhmf
sgd jhkkhmfr ne vnldm ‘r §edlhmhbhcdr¶ ’F‘qbé‘ cdkLnq‘k*1/05(*‘mc ‘r uhnk‘shnmr
ne hmsdqm‘shnm‘kgtl‘m qhfgsr k‘v ’Eqdfnrn*1//5(-Hm 1//5*sgd Bhshydmr&r M‘shnm‘k
Edlhmhbhcd Nardqu‘snqx ’Nardqu‘snqhn Bhtc‘c‘mn M‘bhnm‘k cdk Edlhmhbhchn nq
NBME( ‘m tlaqdkk‘ nqf‘mhy‘shnm sg‘s snc‘x hmbktcdr lnqd sg‘m 35 MFNr* v‘r
bqd‘sdc vhsg sgd naidbshud sn lnmhsnq edlhbhcdr ‘bqnrr u‘qhntr rs‘sdr hm Ldwhbn-
Sgd unbhedqntr bnmcdlm‘shnmr eqnl adknv ‘mc ‘aqn‘c vdqd pthsd rtbbdrr,
etk ‘r §rg‘lhmf¶ rsq‘sdfhdr* sqhffdqhmf onkhbx qdenql- Enq hmrs‘mbd* Ldwhbn v‘r
‘ ldladq ne sgd Bnmudmshnm nm sgd Dkhlhm‘shnm ne Chrbqhlhm‘shnm @f‘hmrs
Vnldm*vghbg sgd bntmsqx q‘sh dc hm 0870:‘mc hm L‘qbg 1//1*Ldwhbn ‘krn q‘sh,
dc sgd Noshnm‘kOqnsnbnkne BDC@V-Sgd fnudqmldmsne Bghgt‘gt‘ qdronmcdc
sn sgdrd fq‘rrqnnsr cdl‘mcr vhsg ‘ bqhlhm‘k itrshbd qdenql sg‘s hm 1//6 cq‘l‘sh,
b‘kkx hloqnudc sgd kdf‘keq‘ldvnqj sn oqnsdbsuhbshlr ne bqhld*‘mc hm o‘qshbtk‘q*
vnldm uhbshlr-Hm 1//5 Bghgt‘gt‘ rhfmdc sgd K‘v ne sgd Qhfgsne Vnldm enq ‘
Khed Eqdd eqnl Uhnkdmbd* ‘ qrs ne hsr jhmc sgd bntmsqx* vghbg dmsdqdc hmsn enqbd
sgd enkknvhmf xd‘q- Bghgt‘gt‘ g‘c ‘krn qdenqldc hsr odm‘k bncd hm 1//2 l‘jhmf
sgd jhkkhmf ne ‘ vnl‘m ‘m ‘ffq‘u‘sdc ltqcdq-10
Hm ‘cchshnm* sgd edcdq‘k fnudqmldms bqd‘sdc ‘ Rodbh‘k Oqnrdbtshnm Ne bd
enq sgd Gnlhbhcdr ne Vnldm hm ItŽqdy* ‘mc bnkk‘anq‘sdc vhsg sgd rs‘sd fnudqm,
ldms vhsg sgd bqhlhm‘k hmudrshf‘shnmr- Eqnl sghr edcdq‘k ‘mc rs‘sd deenqs* hm 1//5
‘m ne bh‘k edcdq‘k qdonqs v‘r hrrtdc nm sgd snohb ne vnldm&r jhkkhmfr- Hs oqnuhcdc
‘m nudquhdv ne sgd hmbhcdmbd ne edlhbhcd hm sgd vgnkd bntmsqx* vgdqd Drs‘cn cd
Lçwhbn ftqdc ‘lnmf nmd ne sgd sno rs‘sdr vhsg edlhbhc‘kuhnkdmbd ’OFQ*1//5(-
Sghr qdonqs l‘cd duhcdms sg‘s edlhbhcd v‘r mns ‘ knb‘k oqnakdl* ats sgd qdonqs
v‘r ‘krn odqbdhudc ax knb‘k ‘bshuhrsr ‘r ‘ rsq‘sdfx sn r‘ud e‘bd ‘mc sn oqdrdms sgd
uhnkdmbd ‘r §mnql‘k¶ adb‘trd hs bnmbktcdc sg‘s Bhtc‘c ItŽqdy chc mns oqdrdms
sgd ghfgdrs q‘sd ne jhkkhmfr ne vnldm hm sgd bntmsqx-11 Etqsgdqlnqd* hm 1//6* sgd
Ldwhb‘m Bnmfqdrr o‘rrdc sgd Fdmdq‘k K‘v nm Vnldm&r @bbdrr sn ‘ Khed Eqdd
eqnl Uhnkdmbd- @mc hm 1/01* edlhbhcd ’edlhmhbhchn( v‘r m‘kkx qdbnfmhydc ‘r ‘
edcdq‘kbqhld hm Ldwhbn vhsg ‘ qdenql l‘cd sn sgd edcdq‘kodm‘kbncd-12
C HR B NU D Q HM F Q HF GS R 9S GD D LD Q F D M B D NE
R S Q ? S D F HB K HS HF ? S HNM HM B GHGT ? GT ?
Hm sghr bnmsdws ne ghfg hlotmhsx ‘mc rsqnmf ‘bshuhrl* ‘m MFN sg‘s g‘r enqdudq
bg‘mfdc sgd k‘mcrb‘od ne gtl‘m qhfgsr ‘bshuhrl hm Ldwhbn v‘r enqldc-Sgd cqhu,
hmf enqbd adghmc sghr MFN v‘r ‘ okd‘ enq itrshbd eqnl ‘ fqhduhmf lnsgdq-Hm 1//1*
O‘knl‘ chr‘ood‘qdc hm ‘ vnqjhmf,bk‘rr mdhfganqgnnc hm sgd bhsx- Sgd k‘bj ne
‘ssdmshnm sg‘s gdq lnsgdq Mnql‘ Kdcdyl‘ e‘bdc vhsghm sgd OON otrgdc gdq sn
lnahkhyd enq itrshbd- @r hsmnql‘kkx g‘oodmr hm edlhbhcd b‘rdr* vgdm rgd qdonqsdc
gdq c‘tfgsdq lhrrhmf* sgd onkhbd snkc gdq sg‘s O‘knl‘ g‘c khjdkx itrs qtm ‘v‘x
vhsg ‘ anxeqhdmc-Vgdm gdq c‘tfgsdq&r ancx v‘r entmc ‘ bntokd ne c‘xr k‘sdq*sgd
hmudrshf‘shnm sg‘senkknvdc v‘r cd bhdms‘mc mdfkhfdms- Sn c‘sd* gdq b‘rd qdl‘hmr
tmrnkudc-
Nmd c‘x vghkd cdl‘mchmf enq ‘m ‘oonhmsldms sn ldds sgd Fnudqmnq hm ghr
ne bd* Kdcdyl‘ lds Ktbg‘ B‘rsqn* ‘ knb‘k k‘vxdq ‘mc ‘bshuhrs- B‘rsqn qdb‘kkr
sg‘s rgd adb‘ld ‘ cdedmcdq ne vnldm&r qhfgsr hmrohqdc ax Kdcdyl‘&r fgs enq
sqtsg ‘mc itrshbd- Hm 1//1* rtoonqsdc ax hmsdqm‘shnm‘k ‘hc* Kdcdyl‘ entmcdc
‘m MFN b‘kkdc Itrshbd enq Ntq C‘tfgsdqr ’Itrshbh‘ o‘q‘ Mtdrsq‘r Ghi‘r(- Sgd
MFN oqnuhcdr l‘mx rdquhbdr enq sgd qdk‘shudr ne uhbshlr ne edlhbhcd* hmbktc,
hmf q‘hrhmf qhfgsr ‘v‘qdmdrr- Enq hmrs‘mbd* B‘rsqn ‘mc Kdcdyl‘ nqf‘mhyd vnqj,
rgnor enq sgd lnsgdqr ne uhbshlr sn hloqnud qhfgsr ‘v‘qdmdrr* sdkkhmf lnsgdqr
§sgdx g‘ud ‘ qhfgs sn rdd sgd hmudrshf‘shnm kdr-¶13 Eqnl sghr dwodqhdmbd B‘rsqn
v‘r lnshu‘sdc sn bqd‘sd gdq nvm MFN9 sgd Bdmsdq enq sgd Gtl‘m Qhfgsr ne
Vnldm ’Bdmsqn cd Cdqdbgnr Gtl‘mnr cd k‘r Ltidqdr* BDCDGL(- Sgdrd svn
vnldm bnmshmtdc vnqjhmf snfdsgdq* mdsvnqjhmf vhsg nsgdq bhuhk ‘rrnbh‘shnmr
‘mc MFNr sn gdko lnahkhyd odnokd* knb‘kkx ‘mc ‘aqn‘c* ‘qntmc sgdhq b‘trd-14
Sgdx ‘krn rntfgs ‘ ch‘knftd vhsg sgd knb‘k ‘tsgnqhshdr* mns nmkx oqdrrhmf adssdq
qdrtksr eqnl sgd oqnrdbtsnqr ‘mc onkhbd cdsdbshudr* ats ‘krn cdl‘mcdc adssdq
k‘vr eqnl sgd rs‘sd Bnmfqdrr-
@esdq xd‘qr ne fq‘rrqnnsr cdl‘mcr enq itrshbd* sgd fnudqmldms ne Bghgt‘gt‘
dmrtqdc sg‘ssgd bqhlhm‘kitrshbd qdenql oqnbdrr v‘r hmbktrhud ne bhuhkrnbhdsx&r hmots-
Sgd itchbh‘k qdenql oqnbdrr sg‘s adf‘m hm 1//5 hm Bghgt‘gt‘ oqnuhcdc ‘ tmhptd
onkhshb‘knoonqstmhsx enq Ktbg‘ B‘rsqn ‘mc sgd knb‘kvnldm&r lnudldmssn hmbnq,
onq‘sd sgdhq ‘fdmc‘ hm sgd cda‘sd- Enq hmrs‘mbd* l‘mx ne sgd qdenqlr hmsqnctbdc ‘
fdmcdq odqrodbshud sg‘shmbktcdc sgdhq hmots’d-f-*sgd K‘v ne sgd Qhfgsne Vnldm
enq ‘ Khed Eqdd eqnl Uhnkdmbd(- Hm ‘cchshnm* hm 1//5 sgd fnudqmldms ‘kknvdc sg‘s
BDCDGL k‘vxdqr qdbdhudc sgd r‘ld sq‘hmhmf ‘mc dctb‘shnm sg‘sdudqx ‘bsnq hm sgd
itchbh‘krxrsdl v‘r fhudm hm sgdhq oqdo‘q‘shnm sn sq‘mrhshnm sn ‘m ‘cudqr‘qh‘krxrsdl-
Sgd mdv BOB dmsdqdc hmsn enqbd hm I‘mt‘qx ne 1//6* cq‘rshb‘kkx bg‘mfhmf sgd
kdf‘k noonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd enq uhbshlr ‘mc sgdhq ‘cunb‘sdr- Sgd hmbnqonq‘shnm
ne sgd qhfgs sn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm mnv fq‘msdc uhbshlr hm Bghgt‘gt‘ rs‘mchmf
sn o‘qshbho‘sd hm sgd bqhlhm‘k oqnbddchmfr* ‘mc oqnuhcdc l‘mx kdf‘k qdrntqbdr enq
uhbshlr sn cdl‘mc ‘bbntms‘ahkhsx ne oqnrdbtsnqh‘k cdbhrhnmr- Oqhu‘sd oqnrdbt,
shnm l‘cd hs onrrhakd enq BDCDGL sn s‘jd sgdhq fgs ‘f‘hmrs hlotmhsx hmsn sgd
bntqsr- Hs bkd‘qkx gdkodc sg‘s BDCDGL qdbdhudc sq‘hmhmf hm khshf‘shnm hm sgd mdv
‘cudqr‘qh‘krxrsdl*‘mc sgdx bkd‘qkx jmdv sgd kdf‘k‘cu‘ms‘fdr sg‘sb‘ld vhsg sgd
27 UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
E hf-1- B‘rdr Aqntfgssn sgd Bntqsr vhsg Oqhu‘sd Oqnrdbtsnqr hm Bhsx ne

Bghgt‘gt‘*1//6“1//8-
1//6 1//7 1//8
Gnlhbhcd 35 ’0/( 46 ’01( 46 ’8(
OO hm gnlhbhcd 0 ’MFN(’0( 6 ’0 MFN(’2( 2 ’0 MFN(’0(
Q‘od 13 ’12( 08 ’07( 14 ’07(
OO hm q‘od 1 ’1( 1 ’1( 0 ’0(
Mnsd9Mtladq ne b‘rdr vdqd sgd uhbshl v‘r edl‘kd hr fhudm hm o‘qdmsgdrhr-C‘s‘ bnudq nmkx sgd Chrsqhbs
ne Lnqdknr- R ntqbd9 Cdo‘qs‘ldmsn cd Drs‘cérshb‘* Bnnqchm‘bhím @clhmhrsq‘shu‘ cd Sqhatm‘kdr cd
Ithbhn Nq‘kx cd F‘q‘msé‘ cd Bghgt‘gt‘-
qhfgssn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm-Sgdx jmdv sg‘svhsg sgd mdv BOB khshf‘shnm v‘r mnv
nm sgd ldmt ne rsq‘sdfhdr ‘ssgdhq chronr‘k-
BDCDGL chc mns v‘rsd ‘mx shld hm sqxhmf nts khshf‘shnm ‘r ‘ mdv rsq‘sdfx*
‘mc hm 1//6 sgd k‘vxdqr hm sghr nqf‘mhy‘shnm chrbnudqdc* sdrsdc* ‘mc dwoknhsdc sgd
qhfgssn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm-Hm sgd qrssgqdd xd‘qr ‘esdq sgd qdenql o‘rrdc*‘ sns‘k
ne 05/ b‘rdr ne gnlhbhcd ’‘mc ‘ssdlosdc gnlhbhcd(vdqd aqntfgssn sgd bntqsr hm
sgd Bhsx ne Bghgt‘gt‘- @lnmf sgnrd* 20 hmunkudc ‘ edl‘kd uhbshl-15 Eqnl sgdrd*
sgqdd vdqd khshf‘sdc ax k‘vxdqr ne BDCDGL ’rdd Ehf-1(-
Sgd dwodqhdmbd ne BDCDGL trhmf sgd qhfgs sn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm needqr
hlonqs‘mskdrrnmr nm gnv k‘v b‘m l‘jd ‘ cheedqdmbd enq uhbshlr vgdm e‘bhmf oqnr,
dbtsnqh‘kmdfkhfdmbd nq hmde bhdmbx-@lnmf sgd qrsb‘rdr BDCDGL khshf‘sdc v‘r
sgd b‘rd ne Knkhs‘*sgd qrsb‘rd ne ‘ssdlosdc ltqcdq sn qd‘bg sqh‘khm Bghgt‘gt‘
tmcdq sgd mdvkx qdenqldc rxrsdl-Hsv‘r ‘krn sgd qrsb‘rd hm sgd ghrsnqx ne Ldwhbn
sn cn rn vhsg ‘ oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtsnq ’Lhbgdk*1/07*o-046(-Knkhs‘&r b‘rd bkd‘qkx hkktr,
sq‘sdr sgd hlo‘bssg‘s‘ oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtsnq b‘m g‘ud nm gnv ‘ b‘rd tmenkcr-
Nm Rdosdladq 1//6* Knkhs‘ v‘r ‘ss‘bjdc hm gdq ne bd ax svn ldm sg‘s g‘c
addm ghqdc ax gdq dw,anxeqhdmc-Enq xd‘qr gd g‘c sgqd‘sdmdc sn jhkkgdq ’Uhkk‘knanr*
1//8* o- 02(- Rgd v‘r ktbjx sg‘s gdq aqnsgdq hmsdqqtosdc sgd ‘ss‘bj vgdm gd
‘qqhudc sn sgd ne bd- @ksgntfg sgd ldm fidc sgd rbdmd* nmd ne gdq ‘ss‘bjdqr v‘r
k‘sdq ‘qqdrsdc ‘mc ‘bbtrdc ne ‘ssdlosdc gnlhbhcd- Sgd otakhb oqnrdbtsnq mdfnsh,
‘sdc vhsg sgd cdedmrd enq ‘m §‘aaqduh‘sdc sqh‘k-¶ Rhlhk‘q sn ‘ okd‘ a‘qf‘hm hm sgd
Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr*hm Bghgt‘gt‘&r 1//6 BOB sghr ‘kknvdc enq sgd cdedmc‘mssn ‘bbdos
sgd bg‘qfdr vhsg sgd admd ssg‘sotmhrgldmsbntkc ad qdctbdc sn nmd sghqc ne sgd
lhmhltl xd‘qr hm oqhrnm drs‘akhrgdc ax sgd odm‘kbncd-Knkhs‘ chr‘fqddc vhsg sgd
otakhb oqnrdbtsnq adb‘trd rgd v‘msdc gdq ‘ffqdrrnq sn e‘bd sqh‘k-Nm sgd c‘x sg‘s
sgd itcfd gd‘qc sgd cdbhrhnm ne sgd otakhb oqnrdbtsnq enq ‘ okd‘ a‘qf‘hm* Ktbg‘
B‘rsqn*‘bshmf ‘r oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtsnq*unhbdc sgd uhbshl&r vhrgdr9
Vd rsqnmfkx qdidbs ‘ okd‘ a‘qf‘hm vghbg hr nmkx fnhmf sn admd s sgd ‘bbtrdc- Vd qdfqds sg‘s
sgd Ehrb‘ké‘ ’sgd otakhb oqnrdbtsnq(* sgd nmkx nmd vhsg sgd e‘btksx ‘bbnqchmf sn sgd Bqhlhm‘k
Oqnbdctqd Bncd sn qdptdrs sghr oqnbdctqd* g‘r s‘jdm ‘cu‘ms‘fd ne sghr qhfgs vhsgnts s‘jhmf
hmsn ‘bbntmssgd dwokhbhsqdidbshnm ne sgd oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm sn fq‘mssghr admd ssn sgd ‘bbtrdc-
’Unkbg‘mrj‘x‘*1//8*o-11(
@s sgd dmc ne sg‘s gd‘qhmf* ‘mc ‘f‘hmrs sgd otakhb oqnrdbtsnq&r vhrgdr* sgd
itcfd qtkdc hm e‘unq ne sgd oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm- Sgd b‘rd vdms sn sqh‘k* vgdqd sgd
oqnrdbtshnm ‘bghdudc ‘ fthksx udqchbs ’Uhkk‘knanr* 1//8(-16 BDCDGL sqhdc sn fds
duhcdmbd ne cnldrshb uhnkdmbd hmsqnctbdc hm sgd b‘rd* hm ‘m ‘ssdlos sn jhbj rs‘qs

‘ oqnrdbtshnm ‘f‘hmrs sgd hmsdkkdbst‘k ‘tsgnq ne sgd bqhld- @ksgntfg BDCDGL
e‘hkdc hm sghr ‘ssdlos*sgdhq kdf‘k‘qftldms‘shnm ‘kv‘xr hmbnqonq‘sdc hmsdqm‘shnm‘k
k‘v sn eq‘ld sghr ‘r ‘ fdmcdq uhnkdmbd b‘rd-
Sghr v‘r sgd qrsshld sg‘s‘ Ldwhb‘m bntqsr‘v ‘ oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtsnq hm ‘bshnm-
Atssghr v‘r mnsldqd khshf‘shnm-Knkhs‘&r ‘ssdlosdc ltqcdq v‘r eq‘ldc ‘r ‘ §o‘q,
‘chfl‘shb¶ dw‘lokd ne uhnkdmbd ‘f‘hmrsvnldm-Sgd naidbshud v‘r mnsitrssn fds
itrshbd ‘mc ‘bbntms‘ahkhsx enq Knkhs‘ ‘knmd* ats‘krn sn q‘hrd ‘v‘qdmdrr nm fdmcdq
uhnkdmbd-@ssgd r‘ld shld sg‘ssgd gd‘qhmf v‘r s‘jhmf ok‘bd*sgd ldch‘ vhsmdrrdc
gnv sgd knb‘k vnldm&r lnudldms g‘c lnahkhydc hmsn ‘ unbhedqntr rnbh‘k oqnsdrs
ntsrhcd sgd bntqs* bk‘hlhmf enq itrshbd hm Knkhs‘&r b‘rd* vghbg v‘r itrs ‘mnsgdq
dw‘lokd ne fdmcdq uhnkdmbd ’Lhbgdk*1/07*oo-046“047(-BDCDGL v‘r kd‘qmhmf
gnv sn trd sgd bntqsqnnl sn ‘cunb‘sd enq vnldm&r qhfgsr ‘mc sn fgs‘f‘hmrsedl,
hbhcd- Sghr b‘rd v‘r sgd adfhmmhmf ne rsq‘sdfhb gtl‘m qhfgsr khshf‘shnm nm adg‘ke
ne uhbshlr ne fdmcdq,a‘rdc uhnkdmbd hm bqhlhm‘kbntqsr hm Ldwhbn-17
Sn rsqdrr sgd hlonqs‘mbd ne BDCDGL&r rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm deenqsr*hshr hlonqs‘ms
sn qdldladq sgd nudq‘kkbnmsdwsne hlotmhsx hm vghbg sgdrd ‘bshuhrsr nodq‘sd-Sgdqd
hr mn ne bh‘kc‘s‘ nm gnv l‘mx edlhbhcd b‘rdr g‘ud addm hmudrshf‘sdc ‘mc oqnrdbtsdc
rhmbd sgd 088/r* ‘mc ‘u‘hk‘akd c‘s‘ nmkx bnudqr qdbdms xd‘qr- Sn fds ‘m ‘ooqnwhl‘,
shnm ne sgd l‘fmhstcd ne sgd hlotmhsx dwodqhdmbdc hm Ldwhbn*Ehf-2 bnlo‘qdr sgd
mtladq ne gnlhbhcd b‘rdr sg‘s vdqd itchbh‘khydc hm ‘ xd‘q hm Ldwhbn ’h-d-* vgdm ‘
bqhlhm‘khmudrshf‘shnm qdpthqdc itchbh‘khmsdqudmshnm*rtbg ‘r ‘m ‘qqdrsv‘qq‘msnq ‘m
hmchbsldms(*bnlo‘qdc ‘f‘hmrssgd mtladq ne gnlhbhcd b‘rdr sg‘sqd‘bgdc ‘ udqchbs
hm sgd r‘ld xd‘q-Sghr c‘s‘ eqnl 1/02 sn 1/05 odqhnc fhudr ‘m ‘ooqnwhl‘shnm sn sgd
rb‘kd ne hlotmhsx uhbshlr e‘bd hm Ldwhbn- Hm ‘udq‘fd* 33$ ne sgd sns‘k mtladq ne
qdonqsdc gnlhbhcdr ’68*732( v‘r itchbh‘khydc ctqhmf sgnrd entq xd‘qr- Hm ‘udq‘fd*
17$ ne sgnrd b‘rdr sg‘svdqd itchbh‘khydc qdrtksdc hm ‘ udqchbs-Atsudqchbsr qdonqsdc
enq sg‘sr‘ld shld odqhnc dpt‘kdc nmkx sn 01$ ne sgd sns‘kmtladq ne gnlhbhcdr-
Ehf-2- Gnlhbhcd B‘rdr Sg‘s‘qd Itchbh‘khydc Udqrtr B‘rdr Sg‘sQd‘bg ‘ Udqchbshm

Ldwhbn-Rntqbd9HMDFH-Bdmrn M‘bhnm‘kcd Hlo‘qshbhím cd Itrshbh‘ Drs‘s‘k1/03“1/06-
3/ UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
Edlhahcd 9_rdr sf_s_od Ftchah_ihxdc ur-9_rdr

ssf_sNd_af _ Rdochashm Jdvhan
0 1..
876
0 ...
7..
5..
243
3.. 2.0
160
1.. 00. 68 72
52
.
EVFtchah_ihxdc EVRdochas
1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05
Ehf-3- Gnlhbhcd B‘rdr Sg‘s‘qd Itchbh‘khydc Udqrtr B‘rdr Sg‘sQd‘bg ‘ Udqchbshm

Ldwhbn-Rntqbd9HMDFH-Bdmrn M‘bhnm‘kcd Hlo‘qshbhím cd Itrshbh‘ Drs‘s‘k1/03“1/06-
E hf-4- Bnlo‘qhrnm ne Itchbh‘khy‘shnm Udqrtr Udqchbshm Gnlhbhcd B‘rdr ‘mc

Edlhbhcd B‘rdr hm Ldwhbn*1/02“1/05-
Edlhbhcd B‘rdr Nmkx Gnlhbhcdr hm Fdmdq‘k
Xd‘q Itchbh‘khy‘shnm Udqchbsr ‘r $ Udqchbsr ‘r Itchbh‘khy‘shnm Udqchbsr ‘r $ Udqchbsr ‘r $
‘r $ ne Sns‘k ne Itchbh‘khydc $ ne Sns‘k ‘r $ ne Sns‘k ne Itchbh‘khydc ne Sns‘k
Edlhbhcdr B‘rdr Edlhbhcdr Gnlhbhcdr B‘rdr Gnlhbhcd
1/02 0/-12 3/-48 3-04 36-37 27-20 07-08
1/03 03-6/ 06-68 1-51 38-25 13-/0 00-74
1/04 10-/0 15-13 4-41 5/-21 12-33 03-03
1/05 24-/7 7-3/8 1-84 1/-/1 15-17 4-15
R ntqbd9HMDFH-Bdmrn M‘bhnm‘kcd Hlo‘qshbhím cd Itrshbh‘ Drs‘s‘k1/03“1/06-
B‘rdr ne edlhbhcd e‘bd ‘ knvdq khjdkhgnnc ne dudq rddhmf ‘ c‘x hm bntqs-

Ehf-3 rgnvr sg‘s‘lnmf sgnrd gnlhbhcd b‘rdr hm Ldwhbn vgdqd ‘ uhbshl v‘r edl‘kd
ctqhmf sgd 1/02“1/05 shld odqhnc ’8*1/0(* hm ‘udq‘fd 1/$ vdqd itchbh‘khydc* ‘mc
‘lnmf sgnrd sg‘s vdqd itchbh‘khydc hm ‘udq‘fd ‘ants 17$ qd‘bgdc ‘ udqchbs- Ats
udqchbsr ‘bbntmsdc nmkx enq ‘ants 2-7$ ne ‘kk sgd qdonqsdc edlhbhcdr b‘rdr ctqhmf
sg‘sr‘ld shld odqhnc-
@m hmsdqdrshmf sqdmc nardqudc hm edlhbhcd hm Ldwhbn*hr sg‘shm rg‘qo bnmsq‘rssn
gnlhbhcd b‘rdr* sgd mtladq ne itchbh‘khydc b‘rdr hloqnudc eqnl 0/$ ne sgd sns‘k
ne edlhbhcdr qdonqsdc hm 1/02*sn 24$ ax 1/05 ’Ehf-4(-Gnvdudq*lnqd itchbh‘khy‘,
shnm hr mnsmdbdrr‘qhkx kd‘chmf sn lnqd udqchbsr-Hm fdmdq‘k*sgd mtladq ne udqchbsr
nas‘hmdc adsvddm 1/02 ‘mc 1/05 cdbqd‘rdc ‘r ‘ odqbdms‘fd ne sgd sns‘k mtladq
ne gnlhbhcd b‘rdr qdonqsdc hm sgd bntmsqx- Ats itrshbd hm edlhbhcdr hr ‘bst‘kkx e‘q
vnqrd vgdm bnlo‘qdc sn gnlhbhcdr hm fdmdq‘k- Hm ‘udq‘fd* udqchbsr hm edlhbhcd

b‘rdr bnmrshstsdc ‘ants2-7$ ne ‘kksgd edlhbhcdr qdonqsdc ctqhmf sghr shld odqhnc-
@r hlodqedbs‘r sghr ld‘rtqd ne hlotmhsx lhfgsad*sghr c‘s‘ rgnvr sg‘ssgd ltq,
cdq ne sgdrd vnldm g‘r nmkx addm l‘cd vnqrd ax sgd rs‘sd&r hmcheedqdmbd ‘mc sgd
odqu‘rhud hlotmhsx sg‘srtqqntmcr sgdrd sxod bqhldr-18
Sgtr* BDCDGL hr ‘v‘qd sg‘s sgdhq ina hr mn nqchm‘qx khshf‘shnm- Khjd sgd
cdudknoldms ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm dkrdvgdqd* sgdhq fn‘kr fn adxnmc vhmmhmf sgd
b‘rd hm bntqs- @mc hs hr sgqntfg sgdhq rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm deenqsr sg‘s BDCDGL&r
vnqj ‘r oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtsnqr hr g‘uhmf svn hlonqs‘msbnmrdptdmbdr9’0(hloqnuhmf
bnlokh‘mbd vhsg hmsdqm‘shnm‘k gtl‘m qhfgsr k‘v ‘mc ’1( g‘uhmf ‘ cdlnmrsq‘shnm
deedbs‘qntmc sgd bntmsqx nm gnv sn oqdrr enq itrshbd ‘mc cdl‘mc ‘bbntms‘ahkhsx-
H vhkk qrs dwok‘hm gnv sgdhq khshf‘shnm gdkor hloqnud bnlokh‘mbd vhsg hmsdqm‘,
shnm‘kk‘v*‘mc hm sgd mdwsrdbshnm H vhkkdwok‘hm vhsg sgd b‘rd ne Drs‘cn cd Ldwhbn
sgd cdlnmrsq‘shnm deedbsr ne khshf‘shnm deenqsr hm Bghgt‘gt‘-
Vgdm BDCDGL&r k‘vxdqr khshf‘sd sgdx eq‘ld sgdhq kdf‘k‘qftldmsr sgqntfg ‘
fdmcdq odqrodbshud ‘mc sgdx hmsqnctbd hmsdqm‘shnm‘k k‘v sn etqsgdq rtoonqs sgdhq
b‘rd- Sgdx qdftk‘qkx trd sgd vnqc §edlhbhcd¶ hm sgdhq kdf‘k ‘qftldmsr cdrohsd sgd
e‘bs sg‘s sgd rs‘sd&r bqhlhm‘k bncd cndr mns hmbktcd sghr bqhld ‘r rtbg-2/ Sgdrd
§k‘vxdqr bk‘hl sg‘s ax eq‘lhmf sgdhq kdf‘k ‘qftldmsr hm sdqlr ne cnldrshb ‘mc
hmsdqm‘shnm‘k k‘v* sgdx b‘m rds hlonqs‘ms kdf‘k oqdbdcdmsr sg‘s vhkk hlo‘bs gnv
hmchuhct‘kr odqbdhud rtbg uhnkdmbd¶ ’Lhbgdk*1/07*o-054(-Etqsgdqlnqd*mnsnmkx
BDCDGL aqhmfr sgd qdkdu‘mbd ne hmsdqm‘shnm‘k k‘v hmsn sgdhq kdf‘k ‘qftldms‘,
shnm* ats‘krn hmsn sgdhq nudq‘kk eq‘lhmf ne sgdhq rsqtffkd* vgdm sgdx qdrnqssn sgd
ldch‘ ‘mc sn rnbh‘klnahkhy‘shnm ‘mc oqnsdrs-
Vhsg sgdhq khshf‘shnm deenqsr BDCDGL ‘hlr sn hloqnud gnv sgd kdf‘k rxr,
sdl cd‘kr vhsg fdmcdq,a‘rdc uhnkdmbd- Edlhbhcd b‘rdr sdmc sn e‘bd hlotmhsx hm
o‘qs ctd sn sgd btkstq‘k ‘mc rnbh‘k bnmsdws hm vghbg sgdx nbbtq- Qdrd‘qbg g‘r
rgnvm sg‘s‘ §l‘bgn*¶ bnmrdqu‘shud*‘mc lhrnfxmntr btkstqd l‘x rdudqdkx ghmcdq
vnldm uhbshlr&‘bbdrr sn itrshbd ’BDCDGL* 1/0/(* ‘cchmf ‘cchshnm‘k kdf‘k snkkr
’V‘krg % Ldmiéu‘q*1/05(-Enq dw‘lokd*‘bshuhrsr g‘ud bnmshmt‘kkx cdmntmbdc sg‘s
lnsgdqr ne edlhbhcd uhbshlr g‘ud sn
bnmeqnms nm ‘ c‘hkx a‘rhr ‘m ‘tsgnqhsx sg‘s ak‘ldr Zsgdl[ enq vg‘s g‘oodmdc sn Zsgdhq[ c‘tfg,
sdqr9he Zsgdx[‘qd vnqjhmf lnsgdqr*Zsgdx[‘a‘mcnmdc sgdl:he Zsgdx[‘qd gntrdvhudr*sgdm Zsgdx[
ronhkdc sgdl-20
Sghr ‘sshstcd nardqudc ‘lnmf rs‘sd ‘fdmsr* ‘mc rnldshldr sgd oqdrr bnudq‘fd
’F‘qbé‘ cdk Lnq‘k* 1/00: Odqtkdqn* 1/03(* ok‘bdr ak‘ld nm sgd uhbshl ‘mc sgdhq
qdk‘shudr*‘mc eqddhmf rs‘sd ‘fdmsr eqnl ‘mx qdronmrhahkhsx hm sgd l‘ssdq-@ oqhu‘sd
oqnrdbtsnq b‘m gdko lhshf‘sd rtbg ‘ btkstqd sgqntfg sgdhq khshf‘shnm deenqsr-
Enq hmrs‘mbd* hm sgd b‘rd ne I‘ylém Qncqhftdy* ‘ onkhbd ne bdq sg‘s v‘r jhkkdc
ax gdq anxeqhdmc hm 1/01*l‘mx ‘bsnqr hm sgd rxrsdl e‘hkdc sn ‘bjmnvkdcfd sgd uhb,
shl&r knmf ghrsnqx ne cnldrshb uhnkdmbd-Qncqhftdy qdod‘sdckx qdptdrsdc ‘ qdrsq‘hm,
hmf nqcdq*ats‘tsgnqhshdr e‘hkdc sn fhud gdq nmd*ptdrshnmdc gdq bk‘hlr*‘mc rdmsgdq
gnld vhsg sgd ldrr‘fd sg‘s §‘ onkhbd ne bdq bntkc mns ad ‘ uhbshl-¶ BDCDGL
adf‘m qdoqdrdmshmf Qncqhftdy&r lnsgdq adb‘trd rgd v‘r etqhntr vhsg sgd udqchbs-
Rgd v‘r otyykdc ‘r sn vgx sgd jhkkdq g‘c qdbdhudc nmkx 04 xd‘qr& hloqhrnmldms
31 UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
‘r otmhrgldms* vgdm sgd odm‘k bncd drs‘akhrgdc sg‘s sgd jhkkhmf ne vnl‘m ’bnm,
rhcdqdc ‘m §‘ffq‘u‘sdc ltqcdq¶( v‘r otmhrg‘akd vhsg 2/“5/ xd‘qr hm oqhrnm-
Vghkd cnhmf sgd ‘ood‘k*BDCDGL kd‘qmdc sg‘ssgd otakhb oqnrdbtsnq g‘c oqdrrdc
bg‘qfdr nmkx enq gnlhbhcd* vhsgnts s‘jhmf hmsn ‘bbntms dhsgdq sgd odqodsq‘snq&r
ghrsnqx ne cnldrshb uhnkdmbd nq sgd uhbshl&r fdmcdq-Hm 1/04*BDCDGL&r k‘vxdqr
‘ood‘kdc sgd bnmuhbshnm ‘qfthmf sg‘s oqnrdbtsnqh‘k e‘hktqd g‘c uhnk‘sdc sgd uhb,
shl&r qhfgsr-21 Hm sgd kdf‘k ‘qftldms‘shnm sgd e‘hktqd sn bnlokx vhsg hmsdqm‘shnm‘k
k‘v v‘r ‘krn ghfgkhfgsdc-
@mnsgdq hlonqs‘ms bnmrdptdmbd ne BDCDGL&r rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm deenqsr g‘r
addm sn l‘jd sgd OON ‘bbntms‘akd enq hsr e‘hktqdr- Oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm b‘m sqhffdq
‘ itchbh‘k qduhdv ne oqnrdbtsnqh‘k cdbhrhnmr ’Lhbgdk* 1/06(- Sgdqdenqd* sgd hlo‘bs
ne BDCDGL g‘r addm lnrskx edks‘ssgd hmudrshf‘shnm ‘mc oqdkhlhm‘qx rs‘fdr ne ‘
oqnrdbtshnm-BDCDGL s‘jdr udqx rdqhntrkx hsr qnkd ‘r ‘ §uhbshlr&‘cunb‘sd*¶ gdko,
hmf vhsg sgd bqhlhm‘khmudrshf‘shnm ‘mc nudq‘kkoqnrdbtshnm*‘mc oqnuhcdr hlonqs‘ms
rtoonqsenq uhbshlr&qdk‘shudr ’Rdquhrr*1/02(-Trhmf sgd qhfgssn ‘ood‘koqnrdbtsnqh‘k
cdbhrhnmr*BDCDGL b‘m ‘krn hlo‘bsgnv ‘ b‘rd tmenkcr9he hshr chrlhrrdc*dmcr hm
‘ okd‘ a‘qf‘hm*nq fndr sn sqh‘k’BDCDGL*1/0/:Uhkk‘knanr*1//8:Unkbg‘mrj‘x‘*
1//8(-@ qdbdmsrstcx ne sgdhq vnqjkn‘c tmshk1/01 rgnvdc sg‘seqnl sgd 00/ gnlh,
bhcd ‘mc enqbdc chr‘ood‘q‘mbd b‘rdr sg‘s sgdx vdqd vnqjhmf nm* ‘ants 64$ g‘c
bnmbqdsd ‘cu‘mbdr hm sgdhq hmudrshf‘shnm-Hm bnmsq‘rs*nmkx 1/$ ne sgd vnqjkn‘c ne
sgd OON rgnvdc ‘mx hloqnudldmsr hm sgd hmudrshf‘shnm ’F‘kk‘fgdq*1/06(-
Sgd vnqj ne BDCDGL* ‘r hs vhkk ad dwok‘hmdc mdws* g‘r g‘c bnmrdptdmbdr
adxnmc Bghgt‘gt‘-Sgdhq rtbbdrr g‘r addm oq‘hrdc ‘lnmf MFNr*‘mc sgdhq hmfit,
dmbd nm gnv MFNr hm nsgdq rs‘sdr ‘qd fgshmf ‘f‘hmrshlotmhsx hr mnv o‘ko‘akd-
Etqsgdqlnqd*sgdhq hmfitdmbd g‘r ‘krn addm edkssgqntfg sgdhq chqdbsbnkk‘anq‘shnm
vhsg nsgdq nqf‘mhy‘shnmr- Enq hmrs‘mbd* sgdx g‘ud bnkk‘anq‘sdc vhsg Bhtc‘c‘mnr
dm @onxn ‘ knr Cdqdbgnr Gtl‘mnr ’Bhshydmr hm Rtoonqs ne Gtl‘m Qhfgsr nq
B@CG@B( sn oqnuhcd kdf‘k ‘cuhbd ‘mc rtoonqs sn sgd qdk‘shudr ne uhbshlr ne
enqbdc chr‘ood‘q‘mbdr ’B@CG@B % BDCDGL*1/03(-
D R S ? C N C D LD W HB N9C D LNM R S Q ? S HNM D E E D B S R

’? M C S GD T O B NLHM F Q HF GS R Q D U NK T S HNM :(
He vhcdroqd‘c uhnkdmbd v‘r hsrdke rte bhdms enq fq‘rrqnnsr khshf‘shnm deenqsr* sgdm
vd vntkc g‘ud rddm khshf‘shnm deenqsr aknrrnl hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn cdb‘cdr ‘fn-
Vgdqd‘r hm Bghgt‘gt‘ sgdqd g‘r addm fitbst‘shnm nm sgd q‘sd ne edlhbhcd ‘bqnrr
shld- Ehf- 5 rgnvr sg‘s hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn edlhbhc‘k uhnkdmbd g‘r bnmrhrsdmskx
qdl‘hmdc ghfg- Hm ‘arnktsd mtladqr ‘s kd‘rs 8*3// vnldm g‘ud addm jhkkdc hm sgd
rs‘sd rhmbd 088/- Vgdm s‘jhmf sgd rhyd ne sgd onotk‘shnm hmsn ‘bbntms sgd q‘sd ne
uhnkdmbd ‘f‘hmrs vnldm g‘r addm ghfgdq hm Bghgt‘gt‘- @s sgd ltmhbho‘k kdudk*
gnvdudq*Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn ‘mc Bghgt‘gt‘ g‘ud ltmhbhohnr sg‘sg‘ud bnmrhrsdmskx
q‘mjdc ‘lnmf sgd sno ud hm sgd bntmsqx hm sdqlr ne sgd mtladq ne edl‘kd jhkkhmfr
qdonqsdc rhmbd 0884 ’BDRE ds ‘k-* 1/01* o- 38(- Hm Bghgt‘gt‘* sgd ltmhbho‘khsx ne
Bhtc‘c ItŽqdy g‘r ‘kv‘xr q‘mjdc ghfgdrs-@mc hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn*sgd ltmhbho,
hnr ne Db‘sdodb*M‘tb‘ko‘m*‘mc Mdy‘gt‘kbíxnsnk‘qd e‘lntr enq hsr uhnkdmsbqhld-
N_sd needl_id fnlhahcdr hm 9fhft_ft_ _mc

Crs_cn cd Jzvhan 1..6,1.03
24
2.
14
1.
04
0.
.
1..6 1..7 1..8 1.0. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03
M_shnm_i 9fhft_ft_ Crs_cn cd Jzvhan
E hf-5- Q‘sd ne Edl‘kd Gnlhbhcdr hm Bghmgt‘gt‘ ‘mc Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn*1//6“

1/03-R ntqbd9Hmltidqdr*NMT Ltidqdr x RDFNA trhmf c‘s‘ eqnl HMDFH*§Dr,
s‘cérshb‘r uhs‘kdr cd lnqs‘khc‘c*BNM@ON*¶ §Drshl‘bhnmdr cd onak‘bhím 088/“1/0/
’088/“1//8(¶ x §Oqnxdbbhnmdr cd k‘ onak‘bhím cd Lçwhbn 1/0/“1/4/ ’1/0/“1/03(-¶
M‘shnm‘kkx ‘mc hmsdqm‘shnm‘kkx mns ltbg hr jmnvm ‘ants sgd uhnkdmbd ‘f‘hmrs
vnldm hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn-Enq xd‘qr*uhbshlr&qdk‘shudr sqhdc sn fdsrs‘sd ne bh‘kr
sn ‘ccqdrr sgd oqnakdl* ats Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn sdmcr sn ad narbtqdc vgdm bnl,
o‘qdc sn Bghgt‘gt‘- Hs hmhsh‘kkx b‘tfgs m‘shnm‘k ldch‘ ‘ssdmshnm vgdm atr cqhu,
dqr vdqd hcdmsh dc ‘r rdqh‘k jhkkdqr l‘rr‘bqhmf vnldm nm otakhb sq‘mronqs‘shnm
atrdr ’L‘qsémdy*1//5(-Atscdrohsd otakhb ntsq‘fd*sgd jhkkhmfr ne vnldm chc mns
cdbqd‘rd- Sghr rs‘sd k‘sdq rgnbjdc sgd m‘shnm ‘esdq ‘ooqnwhl‘sdkx 6*/// rjdkds‘k
qdl‘hmr vdqd entmc hm Qén cd knr Qdldchnr hm 1/03* ‘ qhudq md‘q sgd mdhfganq,
hmf bhshdr ne Db‘sdodb ‘mc Mdy‘gt‘kbíxnsk ’‘j‘ ‘r Bhtc‘c Mdy‘(- Oqdkhlhm‘qx
enqdmrhb duhcdmbd rtffdrsdc sgdrd vdqd sgd qdl‘hmr ne ‘skd‘rs05 vnldm ’B‘rshkkn*
1/05*Mnudladq 13(-
E‘bhmf ‘ v‘kk ne hlotmhsx* ‘ knb‘k vnldm&r lnudldmsg‘r rknvkx cdudknodc sn
sqx sn q‘hrd ‘v‘qdmdrr nm sgd oqnakdl ‘mc sn fds itrshbd- Gnvdudq* sghr lnudldms
hr rshkk pthsd rl‘kk bnlo‘qdc sn sg‘s ne Bghgt‘gt‘ ’O‘cfdss % Kny‘* 1/03* o- 13(-
Sgd NBME g‘r addm ‘bshud hm sgd rs‘sd ‘mc g‘r lnahkhydc mtldqntr oqnsdrsr oqdr,
rtqhmf sgd rs‘sd fnudqmldms sn oqnuhcd hmenql‘shnm nm ‘s kd‘rs 5// edlhbhcdr sg‘s
qdl‘hm tmrnkudc ’B‘rshkkn*1/05*Mnudladq 13(-Sgd knb‘kfnudqmldmsbk‘hlr sn ad
hmudrshf‘shmf sgd bqhldr* ats sgd l‘hm oqnakdl khdr hm ‘ k‘bj ne sq‘mro‘qdmbx- Enq
hmrs‘mbd*NBME qdonqsr sg‘s‘ants0*//2 edlhbhcdr snnj ok‘bd hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn
adsvddm 1/01 ‘mc 1/04* ats sgd rs‘sd&r OON ’Oqnbtq‘ctqé‘ Fdmdq‘k cd Itrshbh‘
33 UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
cdk Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn( nmkx qdonqsr 05/ b‘rdr enq sg‘s shld odqhnc* ‘mc etqsgdq
bk‘hlr sg‘s5/$ ne sgdrd b‘rdr vdqd rnkudc ’MŽi‘q % O‘tkkhdq*1/04*Rdosdladq 10(-
Nudq‘kk* sgd NBME bk‘hlr sg‘s nmkx ‘ants 0/$ ne ‘kk edlhbhcdr hm sgd rs‘sd g‘ud
g‘c ‘mx itchbh‘kqdrnktshnm ’O‘cfdss% Kny‘*1/03(-22
Lnahkhyhmf bk‘hlr hmsn sgd bntqsr v‘r hlonrrhakd enq l‘mx xd‘qr ctd sn sgd
hmdwodqhdmbd ne knb‘k ‘bshuhrsr hm khshf‘shnm* sgd k‘bj ne oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr
vghbg vdqd nmkx hmsqnctbdc ‘esdq ‘ qdenql hm 1//8*23 ‘mc sgd itchbh‘k rxrsdl&r
‘ms‘fnmhrl sn sgdhq deenqsr- @ qdbdms rstcx ‘tsgnqdc ax u‘qhntr nqf‘mhy‘shnmr hm
sgd rs‘sd qdonqsdc sg‘s sgd vnqj ne knb‘k MFNr enbtrdr lnrskx nm q‘hrhmf ‘v‘qd,
mdrr*oqnuhchmf bntmrdkhmf ‘mc rgdksdq enq uhbshlr*‘mc lnahkhyhmf rnbh‘koqnsdrssn
oqdrrtqd sgd oqnrdbtsnqh‘knqf‘m sn hmudrshf‘sd sgd bqhldr ’U‘rhk&du‘*Bdmsl‘xdq*%
Cdk U‘kkd* 1/05(- @ksgntfg lnrs ne sgd nqf‘mhy‘shnmr rtqudxdc enbtr nm sgnrd
sq‘chshnm‘krsq‘sdfhdr*hshr pthsd rtqoqhrhmf sg‘shm Drs‘cn cd Ldwhbn rnld nqf‘mh,
y‘shnmr bnmrhcdq o‘qsne sgdhq ‘cunb‘bx deenqsmnsnmkx sn oqnuhcd kdf‘k‘rrhrs‘mbd
sn uhbshlr* ats ‘krn sn hloqnud ‘bbntms‘ahkhsx ’§qdmchbhím cd btdms‘r¶( ne oqnr,
dbtsnqh‘kcdbhrhnmr-Sgdx ‘krn qdonqssg‘ssgdx §s‘jd nudq ctshdr ne sgd rs‘sd¶ vgdm
sgd rs‘sd e‘hkr*rtbg ‘r bnmctbshmf ‘ bqhlhm‘khmudrshf‘shnm ’U‘rhk&du‘ ds‘k-*1/05(-
Hm o‘qshbtk‘q* Nqf‘mhy‘bhím x Ktbg‘ Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn g‘r mns nmkx dmf‘fdc hm
gdkohmf uhbshlr hmudrshf‘sd b‘rdr* ats‘krn qdonqssn g‘ud §‘ooqdgdmcdc¶ rtrodbsr
‘mc rtqqdmcdq sgdl sn sgd ‘tsgnqhshdr-
Etqsgdqlnqd* sgdqd hr duhcdmbd sg‘s khshf‘shnm hr rknvkx adbnlhmf ‘ rsq‘sdfx
ax MFNr hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn- Sgd lnrs mns‘akd dw‘lokd ne sghr hr sgd b‘rd ne
L‘qh‘m‘ Khl‘- L‘qh‘m‘ v‘r jhkkdc hm Itmd 1/0/ ax gdq gtra‘mc* Itkhn Bçr‘q
GdqmŽmcdy-Rgd g‘c knmf bnlok‘hmdc sn gdq o‘qdmsr ‘antscnldrshb uhnkdmbd ‘mc
sgd mhfgsadenqd rgd v‘r jhkkdc rgd snkc sgdl sg‘srgd v‘r ‘antssn kd‘ud ghl-Sgd
gtra‘mc* ‘ onkhbd cdsdbshud vnqjhmf ‘ssgd rs‘sd&r OON* bk‘hldc sg‘sghr vhed g‘c
bnllhssdc rthbhcd-Sgqdd lnmsgr ‘esdq L‘qh‘m‘&r cd‘sg sgd OON cdbhcdc sn bknrd
sgd b‘rd-Rhmbd sgdm*sgd lnsgdq g‘r entfgssn rdd Itkhn Bçr‘q e‘bd itrshbd-
L‘qh‘m‘&r lnsgdq* Hqhmd‘* rdbtqdc ‘rrhrs‘mbd eqnl NBME- @bshmf ‘r oqhu‘sd
oqnrdbtsnq* gdq k‘vxdq Qncnken Cnlémftdy entmc sg‘s dudm sgntfg sgdqd g‘c
addm 54 ohdbdr ne duhcdmbd f‘sgdqdc ctqhmf sgd hmudrshf‘shnm* sgd otakhb oqnr,
dbtsnq nmkx trdc ud sn itrshex gdq cdbhrhnm mns sn hmudrshf‘sd sgd b‘rd ‘mx etq,
sgdq- Etqsgdqlnqd* Cnlémftdy ‘qftdc sg‘s sgdqd v‘r ‘krn oqnrdbtsnqh‘k e‘hktqd
hm hfmnqhmf sgd duhcdmbd sg‘s cdlnmrsq‘sdc sghr v‘r ‘ fdmcdq uhnkdmbd b‘rd
’O‘cfdss% Kny‘*1/03(*‘mc gd eq‘ldc sghr e‘hktqd ‘r ‘ uhnk‘shnm ne hmsdqm‘shnm‘k
gtl‘m qhfgsr k‘v ‘mc ‘ e‘hktqd sn bnlokx vhsg sgd qdbnlldmc‘shnmr hrrtdc ax
sgd H@BGQ hm sgd Bnssnm Ehdkc Ltqcdqr ’I‘q‘lhkkn* 1/04* L‘qbg 14(- Sgtr*
Cnlémftdy kdc ‘m ‘ood‘k ’‘lo‘qn( ‘f‘hmrs sgd oqnrdbtsnqh‘k cdbhrhnm mns sn
oqnrdbtsd*‘mc hm 1/02 L‘qh‘m‘&r b‘rd adb‘ld sgd qrsedlhbhcd b‘rd sn qd‘bg sgd
Rtoqdld Bntqs hm sgd ghrsnqx ne Ldwhbn- Hm L‘qbg 1/04* hm ‘ ghrsnqhb‘k qtkhmf*
sgd Rtoqdld Bntqs nqcdqdc sgd fnudqmldms ne Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn sn qdnodm sgd
hmudrshf‘shnm ne L‘qh‘m‘&r cd‘sg- Hm Itmd 1/05* Gçqm‘mcdy v‘r ‘qqdrsdc ‘mc hr
btqqdmskx ‘v‘hshmf sqh‘k-
Sgd qdbdmsdldqfdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn g‘r addm mns
nmkx sgd chqdbsbnmrdptdmbd ne ‘ bg‘mfd hm sgd kdf‘knoonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd*enkknv,
hmf sgd BOB qdenql hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn hm 1//8 ‘mc sgd bnmrshstshnm‘k qdenqlr
ne 1//7 ‘mc 1/00*atspthsd khjdkx ‘krn ‘ chqdbsdltk‘shnm ne sgd rtbbdrr nardqudc

hm sgd khshf‘shnm vnqj ne MFNr hm Bghgt‘gt‘-BDCDGL hr ‘ ldladq ne NBME*
‘mc sgd bnnqchm‘snq ne NBME*L‘qh‘ cd k‘ Kty Drsq‘c‘ Ldmcny‘*g‘r rs‘sdc sg‘s
sgd bntmsqx mddcr sn dltk‘sd sgd vnqj cnmd ax ‘bshuhrsr hm Bghgt‘gt‘ §vgdqd ‘
mdsvnqj ne uhbshlr&qdk‘shudr ‘mc bhuhkrnbhdsx oqdrrtqdc sgd rs‘sd sn hmudrshf‘sd sgd
jhkkhmfr Z”[¶ ’O‘cfdss% Kny‘*1/04(-
Sgd b‘rd ne Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn rgnvr sg‘suhnkdmbd cndr ok‘x ‘m hlonqs‘msqnkd
hm bqd‘shmf sgd bnmchshnmr sg‘s enrsdq rnbh‘k lnahkhy‘shnm ‘mc sgd dldqfdmbd ne
cdl‘mcr enq itrshbd eqnl adknv*atsgtl‘m qhfgsr khshf‘shnm deenqsr vhsghm cnldr,
shb bntqsr b‘m nmkx nbbtq nmbd sgd kdf‘k noonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd nodmr sgd cnnq
enq kdf‘k lnahkhy‘shnm- Hm ‘cchshnm* sgd dldqfdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm hm nsgdq
rs‘sdr b‘mmns ad etkkx tmcdqrsnnc vhsgnts s‘jhmf hmsn ‘bbntms sgd cdlnmrsq‘,
shnm deedbsr sg‘s Bghgt‘gt‘&r dwodqhdmbd g‘r g‘c hm rsqtffkdr ‘f‘hmrs edlhbhcd-
Hm Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn ‘mc sgd qdrsne sgd bntmsqx*vgdqd sgd qhfgssn oqhu‘sd oqnr,
dbtshnm hr mnv ‘u‘hk‘akd sn ‘kk uhbshlr ne bqhld*24 sgd dwodqhdmbd ne Bghgt‘gt‘ hr
‘kqd‘cx rdquhmf ‘r ‘ lncdk enq rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm hm nsgdq knb‘k rsqtffkdr ‘f‘hmrs
edlhbhcd hm sgd bntmsqx-25
B NM B K T R HNM R
Sgd trd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm sn rtoonqssgd fgs‘f‘hmrsedlhbhcd hr snc‘x ‘ qd‘khsx
hm Ldwhbn-@ bknrdq dw‘lhm‘shnm ne sgd vnldm&r lnudldmshm Ldwhbn cdlnmrsq‘sdr
sg‘s ‘esdq sgd qhfgs sn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm v‘r hmsqnctbdc* sgd bg‘mfd hm sgd kdf‘k
noonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd ‘kknvdc kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm sn enkknv-Sgd dldqfdmbd ne rsq‘,
sdfhb khshf‘shnm hm edlhbhcd b‘rdr nbbtqqdc qrs hm Bghgt‘gt‘ vhsg sgd bnmudqfdmbd
ne u‘qhntr e‘bsnqr-Hm ‘ bnmsdwsne ghfg hlotmhsx ‘mc vd‘j qtkd ne k‘v*sgd bqd‘shnm
ne ‘m ‘bshud mdsvnqj ne nqf‘mhy‘shnmr oqnuhcdc ‘m hlonqs‘msrtoonqsrsqtbstqd enq
uhbshlr&qdk‘shudr-Hm ‘cchshnm*sgd o‘qshbho‘shnm ne BDCDGL&r ‘bshuhrsr hm sgd rs‘sd&r
bqhlhm‘k oqnbdctqd qdenql oqnbdrr gdkodc sgdrd ‘bsnqr e‘lhkh‘qhyd vhsg sgd mdv
qhfgsr uhbshlr& ‘cunb‘sdr f‘hmdc- Sgtr* vhsg sgd BOB qdenql ne 1//6 ‘ mdv kdf‘k
noonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd nodmdc sgd kdf‘k ro‘bd enq sgd knb‘k vnldm&r lnudldms hm
Bghgt‘gt‘ sn aqhmf sgdhq b‘trd sn sgd bntqsr*sn qdrnqssn k‘v ‘r ‘ snnksn fgshlot,
mhsx*‘mc sn otrg enq bqhlhm‘k‘bbntms‘ahkhsx nm b‘rdr ne fdmcdq,a‘rdc uhnkdmbd-
Sgd dldqfdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm ‘f‘hmrsedlhbhcd hm Ldwhbn hkktrsq‘sdr sgd
khed ne qhfgsr ‘esdq itchbh‘k qdenql9 gnv qhfgsr hm o‘odq ‘qd dlaq‘bdc* ‘mc gnv
qhfgsr b‘m vnqj sn hloqnud ‘bbdrr sn itrshbd- Sgd kdf‘k lnahkhy‘shnm ne edlhbhcd
b‘rdr hm Bghgt‘gt‘ g‘r ‘kqd‘cx g‘c svn hlonqs‘msbnmrdptdmbdr- Ehqrs* sgqntfg
rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm ‘bshuhrsr ‘qd eq‘lhmf sgdhq kdf‘k‘qftldmsr qdrnqshmf sn hmsdqm‘,
shnm‘kgtl‘m qhfgsr hmrsqtldmsr*dmbntq‘fhmf bnlokh‘mbd vhsg hmsdqm‘shnm‘kk‘v-
@mc*rdbnmc*hm sghr oqnbdrr*rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm b‘rdr ‘qd g‘uhmf ‘ cdlnmrsq‘shnm
deedbsrgnvhmf nsgdq rnbhds‘k‘bsnqr gnv sn oqdrr enq ‘bbntms‘ahkhsx vgdm sgd ota,
khb oqnrdbtsnq e‘hkr sn oqnuhcd itrshbd-
Sghr bg‘osdq sgtr oqnuhcdr hlonqs‘mskdrrnmr nm kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm-Ehqrs*qhfgsr
‘v‘qdmdrr cndr rghes nudq shld ‘mc sgd qdk‘shnmrgho adsvddm k‘v ‘mc rnbhdsx hr
cxm‘lhb- Oqduhntr dwodqhdmbdr nq odqbdoshnmr qdf‘qchmf sgd kdf‘k rxrsdl b‘m ad
35 UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
lnch dc vgdm ad‘qdqr ne qhfgsr adbnld ‘v‘qd ne sgdhq qhfgsr*‘mc sgd deenqsr ne sgd
vnldm&r lnudldmshm sgd bhsx ne Bghgt‘gt‘ rgnv sg‘ssgdx qdbnfmhyd sg‘s‘v‘qd,
mdrr b‘m dlonvdq vnldm- Rdbnmc* sgd hlonqs‘mbd ne oqnbdctq‘k k‘v b‘mmns ad
tmcdqdrshl‘sdc-Sgd qhfgssn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm cndr needq sgd kdf‘khmbdmshudr enq
‘bshuhrsr sn dmf‘fd hm khshf‘shnm*‘mc etstqd bnlo‘q‘shud rstchdr nm sgd bnmrdptdmbdr
ne bqhlhm‘koqnbdctqd qdenql rgntkc s‘jd sghr oqnbdctq‘kqhfgshmsn bnmrhcdq‘shnm-
Sghqc*u‘qh‘shnmr vhsghm bntmsqhdr hm kdf‘klnahkhy‘shnm b‘m ‘krn ad dwok‘hmdc ax sgd
cheedqdmskdf‘knoonqstmhsx rsqtbstqdr sg‘sknb‘k’rs‘sd(k‘v needqr sn bk‘hl‘msr-@mc*
m‘kkx* sn etkkx tmcdqrs‘mc sgd dldqfdmbd ne rhlhk‘q rsq‘sdfhdr ‘lnmf ‘cunb‘sdr
vhsghm ‘ bntmsqx vd ‘krn g‘ud sn s‘jd hmsn ‘bbntmscdlnmrsq‘shnm deedbsr-Sgd dwod,
qhdmbd ne Bghgt‘gt‘ vhsg oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm hr vdkkjmnvm snc‘x ‘bqnrr sgd MFN
vnqkc hm Ldwhbn- He sgd dwodqhdmbd ne rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm hm Bghgt‘gt‘ bnmshmtdr
sn ad lhlhbjdc ‘bqnrr sgd bntmsqx* hshr mnse‘qedsbgdc sn ‘rrtld sg‘svg‘svd ‘qd
vhsmdrrhmf hr sgd adfhmmhmf ne ‘ qhfgsr qdunktshnm hm Ldwhbn-
? B J M NVK D C F LD M S R
H sg‘mj R‘ltdk S‘oh‘ ‘mc C‘mhdk‘ Uhc‘k enq sgdhq qdrd‘qbg nm edlhbhcd b‘rdr- H
‘krn sg‘mj ‘kk sgnrd bnkkd‘ftdr vgn oqnuhcdc eddca‘bj* bnlldmsr* ‘mc.nq bqhsh,
bhrlr ‘r H vnqjdc hm sghr oqnidbs nudq sgd xd‘qr* hm o‘qshbtk‘q Bnq‘ EdqmŽmcdy
@mcdqrnm*I‘mhbd F‘kk‘fgdq*Khr‘ Ghkahmj*Gçbsnq Oçqdy Qhudq‘*Idmmhedq Ohrbnon:
Itkh‘m‘ Qdrsqdon* @ka‘ L- Qtha‘k* Rg‘mmnm C- V‘krg* ‘mc u‘qhntr ‘mnmxlntr
qduhdvdqr- @mx dqqnqr nq rgnqsbnlhmfr ‘qd lx nvm- Ehdkcvnqj qdrd‘qbg enq sghr
oqnidbsv‘r etmcdc ax sgd Hmsdqm‘shnm‘kSgdrhr Qdrd‘qbg Fq‘ms‘mc sgd Cnbsnq‘k
Chrrdqs‘shnm Edkknvrgho eqnl sgd Tmhudqrhsx ne Lhmmdrns‘-
M NS D R
0- Hm l‘mx K‘shm @ldqhb‘m bntmsqhdr edlhbhcd hr b‘kkdc §edlhmhbhcd-¶ Hm bqhlhmnknfx
sgdrd sdmc sn ad bnmrhcdqdc rxmnmxlr- @lnmf edlhmhrs rbgnk‘qr* gnvdudq* sgdrd ‘qd che,
edqdms-§Edlhbhcd*¶ ‘r bnhmdc ax Qtrrdkk’1//0(ld‘mr sgd lhrnfxmntr jhkkhmf ne ‘ vnl‘m-
Edlhbhcd ‘r ‘ bqhld qdpthqdr hmchuhct‘kqdronmrhahkhsx-Hm bnmsq‘rs*§edlhmhbhcd¶ v‘r ‘ sdql
bnhmdc ax Ldwhb‘m rbgnk‘q K‘f‘qcd vhsg sgd naidbshud sn qdfidbssgd rxrsdlhb ‘mc rsqtbstq‘k
‘rodbsr adghmc sgd jhkkhmf ne ‘ vnl‘m*‘r vdkk‘r sgd hlotmhsx vhsg vghbg rtbg fdmcdq uhn,
kdmbd nbbtqr ’K‘f‘qcd x cd knr Qénr* 1//7(- Edlhmhbhcd hr sgtr tmcdqrsnnc ‘r ‘ rs‘sd bqhld
’FnmyŽkdy UdkŽyptdy*1/03(-
1- Rhmbd 1//5* Ldwhb‘mr g‘ud dwodqhdmbdc ‘ rgnbjhmf ‘lntms ne uhnkdmbd ‘mc gtl‘m
qhfgsr ‘atrdr9‘skd‘rs1//*/// bhuhkh‘mr g‘ud addm jhkkdc ‘mc ‘skd‘rs2/*/// hmchuhct‘kr g‘ud
chr‘ood‘qdc* hm l‘mx hmrs‘mbdr vhsg sgd chqdbs hmunkudldms ne lhkhs‘qx ‘mc onkhbd ‘fdmsr-
Sgd tmvhkkhmfmdrr ‘mc hmb‘o‘bhsx ne sgd rs‘sd sn dmc sgd uhnkdmbd*‘r vdkk‘r sgd chqdbso‘q,
shbho‘shnm ne rs‘sd ‘fdmsr hm l‘mx ‘sqnbhshdr* g‘r kdc nardqudqr sn cdrbqhad sgd oqdrdmsrs‘sd
ne uhnkdmbd ‘r ‘ bqhld ‘f‘hmrsgtl‘mhsx ’NRE*1/05(-
2- Sgdqd vdqd svn bqhlhm‘k b‘rdr hm sgd bntqsr ne Bghgt‘gt‘ hm 1//7 vgdqd ‘m MFN
khshf‘sdc hm e‘unq ne ‘ uhbshl- Nmd b‘rd v‘r enq ‘m ‘ssdlosdc ltqcdq ne ‘ vnl‘m ‘mc sgd
nsgdq v‘r ‘ cnldrshb ‘atrd b‘rd-Gnvdudq*hsv‘r nmkx hm sgd ‘ssdlosdc edlhbhcd b‘rd vgdqd
sgd MFN k‘vxdqr trdc hmsdqm‘shnm‘kk‘v sn eq‘ld sgdhq ‘qftldmsr-’Enq ‘ cdrbqhoshnm ne sgd
qdkdu‘mbd ne sghr b‘rd hm Bghgt‘gt‘ rdd9Unkbg‘mrj‘x‘*1//8-(
3- H bnmctbsdc 28 hmsdquhdvr vhsg k‘vxdqr*gtl‘m qhfgsr ‘bshuhrsr*oqnrdbtsnqr*itcfdr*‘mc
rs‘sd ne bh‘kr ’lnrsne sgdl snnj ok‘bd hm Bghgt‘gt‘*rnld vdqd hm Ldwhbn Bhsx*‘mc ‘ edv
vdqd Rjxod hmsdquhdvr(- H ‘krn nardqudc sgqdd sqh‘kr hm Bghgt‘gt‘ adsvddm 1//8 ‘mc 1/0/-
Lnrshmsdquhdvddr vdqd oqnlhrdc ‘mnmxlhsx-Vgdm qdpthqdc*m‘ldr g‘ud addm nlhssdc-
4- Hm sghr bg‘osdq* H otqonrdkx qdedq sn uhbshlr ‘r l‘kd* sn ‘unhc qdhmenqbhmf sgd rsdqdn,
sxod ne vnldm ‘r uhbshlr ’dwbdosvgdm qdedqqhmf sn ‘ rodbh b uhbshl ne bqhld sg‘shr hm e‘bs
edl‘kd(-
5- Sgd qdenql ne Itmd 07*1//7 v‘r ‘ cdbqdd otakhrgdc hm sgd Ne bh‘kCh‘qx ne sgd Edc,
dq‘shnm ’Ch]qhn Ch]qhn N bh]k cd k] Edcdq]bhñm(* sg‘s qdenqldc sgd enkknvhmf ‘qshbkdr hm sgd
Ldwhb‘m Bnmrshstshnm905*06*07*08*1/*10*11:62 ’Rdbshnmr WWH ‘mc WWHHH(:004 ’Rdbshnm
UHH(*‘mc 012 ’Rdbshnm WHHH*A(-
6- Ltbg d‘qkhdq*gnvdudq*rnld uhbshlr&qhfgsr vdqd ‘kqd‘cx hmbktcdc hm ‘ edcdq‘kbnmrsh,
stshnm‘kqdenql hm 0882 ’@c‘sn Fqddm*1//4*o-13(-
7- Sgd qrs qdenql v‘r otakhrgdc hm Itmd 5* 1/00 ‘mc hs qdenqldc sgd ]lo]qn vqhs ax
dwsdmchmf hsr rbnod sn hmbktcd oqnsdbshnmr eqnl uhnk‘shnmr ne hmsdqm‘shnm‘kk‘v-Sgd rdbnmc
v‘r otakhrgdc nm Itmd 0/* 1/00 ‘mc enbtrdc nm gtl‘m qhfgsr hm fdmdq‘k- @lnmf nsgdq
sghmfr hs drs‘akhrgdc sgd bnmbdos ne oqn gnlhmd* vghbg qdpthqdr sgd ‘ookhb‘shnm ne sgd k‘v
sg‘soqnuhcdr sgd fqd‘sdrsoqnsdbshnm sn sgd hmchuhct‘khm ‘bbnqc‘mbd sn cnldrshb ‘mc hmsdq,
m‘shnm‘kk‘v ’rdd RBIM*1/01(-
8- T-M- Cdbk‘q‘shnm ne A‘rhb Oqhmbhokdr ne Itrshbd enq Uhbshlr ne Bqhld ‘mc @atrd ne
Onvdq* @.QDR.3/.23* Mnudladq 18* 0874: Rds ne oqhmbhokdr enq sgd oqnsdbshnm ‘mc oqnln,
shnm ne gtl‘m qhfgsr sgqntfg ‘bshnm sn bnla‘s hlotmhsx* D.BM-3.Rta-1.0886.1/.Qdu-0*
Nbsnadq 1* 0886: Toc‘sdc Rds ne Oqhmbhokdr enq sgd Oqnsdbshnm ‘mc Oqnlnshnm ne Gtl‘m
Qhfgsr sgqntfg @bshnm sn Bnla‘s Hlotmhsx* D.BM-3.1//4.0/1.@cc-0* Edaqt‘qx 7* 1//4:
A‘rhb Oqhmbhokdr ‘mc Fthcdkhmdr nm sgd Qhfgssn ‘ Qdldcx ‘mc Qdo‘q‘shnmr enq Uhbshlr ne
Fqnrr Uhnk‘shnmr ne Hmsdqm‘shnm‘k Gtl‘m Qhfgsr K‘v ‘mc Rdqhntr Uhnk‘shnmr ne Hmsdqm‘,
shnm‘kGtl‘mhs‘qh‘m K‘v*@.QDR.5/.036*L‘qbg 10*1//5-
0/- Hm bnlo‘q‘shud k‘v sgd qhfgs sn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm g‘r addm oqdrdms hm l‘mx itqhr,
chbshnmr enq bdmstqhdr ’Cn‘j*1//7:Oçqdy Fhk*1//2(-
00- Rjxod hmsdquhdv ne sgd ‘tsgnq vhsg ‘ k‘vxdq hm Edaqt‘qx 01*1/07-
01- Cdbqdsn 074*Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn*1//4-
02- Cdbqdsn 1/1*Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn*1//5-
04- Fhudm sgd k‘bj ne oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr*rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm hm bqhlhm‘kbntqsr hm
Ldwhbn hmhsh‘kkx enbtrdc nm sgd rhcd ne sgd ‘bbtrdc- MFNr enbtrdc nm khshf‘shmf nm adg‘ke
ne utkmdq‘akd fqntor ne cdedmc‘msr rtbg ‘r ldladqr ne hmchfdmntr bnlltmhshdr ’vgn g‘c
g‘c sgdhq ctd oqnbdrr qhfgsr nq hmchfdmntr qhfgsr uhnk‘sdc(nq nm mnm,bqhlhm‘kl‘ssdqr*rtbg
‘r hllhfq‘shnm k‘v*e‘lhkx k‘v*dmuhqnmldms‘kk‘v*nq k‘anq k‘v ’rdd N@BMTCG*1//6(-
05- Sghr bnllhssdd ‘rjdc sgd rs‘sd&r @ssnqmdx Fdmdq‘kenq sgd bqd‘shnm ne ‘ rodbh‘koqnr,
dbtsnq&r ne bd sn knnj hmsn sgd jhkkhmf ne vnldm* vghbg dudmst‘kkx v‘r bqd‘sdc hm 0887
’Dmr‘k‘bn*1//5*o-312(-
06- Hmsdquhdv ne sgd ‘tsgnq vhsg ‘ k‘vxdq hm Edaqt‘qx 01*1/07-
07- Hm 1//1* bnmcdlm‘shnm ‘f‘hmrs sgd Ldwhb‘m rs‘sd b‘ld eqnl u‘qhntr hmsdqm‘shnm‘k
gtl‘m qhfgsr anchdr ‘mc ldbg‘mhrlr* khjd sgd TM&r Rodbh‘k Q‘oonqsdtq nm sgd itchbh‘k
hmcdodmcdmbd ne itcfdr ‘mc k‘vxdqr*sgd TM Bnllhssdd nm sgd Dkhlhm‘shnm ne Chrbqhlhm‘,
shnm @f‘hmrsVnldm ’BDC@V(*sgd TM Ne bd nm Cqtfr ‘mc Bqhld*‘mc sgd Hmsdq,@ldqh,
b‘m Bnllhrrhnm ne Gtl‘m Qhfgsr ’H@BGQ(-Dudm sgd Bntmbhkne Dtqnod&r Bnllhssdd ne
Lhmhrsdqr ‘cnosdc ‘ qdrnktshnm qdk‘sdc sn sgd jhkkhmfr ne vnldm hm Bhtc‘c ItŽqdy*‘ qdfhnm‘k
nqf‘mhy‘shnm sn vghbg Ldwhbn hr mns‘ ldladq-Mnm,fnudqmldms‘khmsdqm‘shnm‘knqf‘mhy‘,
shnmr* rtbg ‘r @lmdrsx Hmsdqm‘shnm‘k ‘mc Gtl‘m Qhfgsr V‘sbg* ‘krn hrrtdc qdonqsr sg‘s
bnmcdlmdc sgd rhst‘shnm hm Bhtc‘c ItŽqdy ‘mc ak‘ldc ansg sgd rs‘sd ‘mc m‘shnm‘k‘tsgnqh,
shdr enq sgdhq mdfkhfdmbd sn hmudrshf‘sd sgd bqhldr ’@m‘x‘ Ltmny*1/00(-Hm sns‘k*lnqd sg‘m
3// hmsdqm‘shnm‘k qdbnlldmc‘shnmr vdqd hrrtdc ‘f‘hmrs sgd edcdq‘k ‘mc rs‘sd ‘tsgnqhshdr
qdf‘qchmf fdmcdq,uhnkdmbd hm Bghgt‘gt‘ ’BDCDGL*1/0/(-
08- Hm sgd hmsdqm‘shnm‘k khshf‘shnm sgd enkknvhmf MFNr gdkodc sgd uhbshlr&e‘lhkhdr9 Qdc
Bhtc‘c‘m‘ cd Mn Uhnkdmbh‘ x onq k‘ Chfmhc‘c Gtl‘m‘* BK@CDL* BDCHL@B ’Bdmsqn
o]q] dkCdr]qqnkkn Hmsdfq]kcd k] Ltidq ?B(*‘mc @M@C ’?rnbh]bhñm M]bhnm]kcd ?anf]cnr
CdlnbqÁshbnr(-
37 UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
1/- FnmyÁkdy ds]k-’zB]lon ?kfncnmdqn–(u-Ldwhbn*H@BGQ*Mnudladq 05*1//8-

10- Sghr odm‘k qdenql g‘r addm vhcdkx bqhshbhydc- Hm 1//3 BDC@V tqfdc sgd rs‘sd ne
Bghgt‘gt‘ sn lnchex hsr odm‘kk‘v sn hmsqnctbd sgd bqhld ne edlhbhcd- Hm L‘qbg 1/05* sgd
Rtoqdld Bntqsne Ldwhbn ‘krn qdptdrsdc sgd rs‘sd sn qdenql hsr odm‘kbncd sn bnlokx vhsg
hmsdqm‘shnm‘krs‘mc‘qcr ’rdd Lhbgdk*1/07*o-037(-
11- Rhlhk‘qkx*hm 1//8 sgd fnudqmldmsne Bghgt‘gt‘ otakhrgdc ‘ qdonqsbk‘hlhmf sn g‘ud
fhudm 1/0 bnmuhbshnmr nm edlhbhcd b‘rdr ‘mc sg‘s hm ‘cchshnm 181 b‘rdr sg‘s addm §rnkudc¶
eqnl sgnrd sg‘s g‘c nbbtqqdc adsvddm 0882 ‘mc 1//7 hm Bhtc‘c ItŽqdy ’OFIDBg* 1//8(-
Sgd qdonqs v‘r vhcdkx bqhshbhydc ‘lnmf sgd vnldm&r nqf‘mhy‘shnmr enq e‘krhexhmf hmenql‘,
shnm ‘mc oqdrdmshmf b‘rdr ‘r §rnkudc¶ vgdm sgdx vdqd mns-
12- Qdenql sn @qshbkd 214 ne sgd Bíchfn Odm‘k Edcdq‘k* Itmd 02* 1/01* dmsqx hmsn enqbd
Itmd 04* 1/01- §Cdbqdsn onq dk ptd rd qdenql‘m x ‘chbhnm‘m chudqr‘r chronmrhbhnmdr cdk
Bíchfn Odm‘kEdcdq‘k*cd k‘ Kdx Fdmdq‘kcd @bbdrn cd k‘r Ltidqdr ‘ tm‘ Uhc‘ Khaqd cd uhn,
kdmbh‘*cd k‘ Kdx NqfŽmhb‘ cd k‘ @clhmhrsq‘bhím Oöakhb‘ Edcdq‘kx cd k‘ Kdx NqfŽmhb‘ cd k‘
Oqnbtq‘ctqé‘ Fdmdq‘kcd k‘ Qdoöakhb‘¶ Ch]qhn N bh]kcd k] Edcdq]bhñm*03 cd itmhn cd 1/01-
13- Hmsdquhdv vhsg sgd ‘tsgnq hm sgd Bhsx ne Bghgt‘gt‘ hm I‘mt‘qx 17*1/0/-
14- Sgdhq vnqj g‘r enbtrdc lnrskx nm b‘rdr hm sgd Bhsx ne Bghgt‘gt‘- Gnvdudq* sgdx
g‘ud needqdc ‘rrhrs‘mbd hm b‘rdr ntsrhcd sgd bhsx ne Bghgt‘gt‘-Ax sgd dmc ne 1/00*Itrshbh‘
O‘q‘ Mtdrsq‘r Ghi‘r g‘c gdkodc hm sgd hmudrshf‘shnm ne 15 edlhmhbhcdr9 rdudm hm Bhtc‘c
It‘qdy* nmd hm @kc‘l‘* nmd hm KŽy‘qn BŽqcdm‘r* ‘mc sgd qdl‘hmhmf 06 b‘rdr hm sgd bhsx ne
Bghgt‘gt‘-
15- Sgd Otakhb Oqnrdbtsnq&r Ne bd qdonqsdc ‘ sns‘kne 056 gnlhbhcdr b‘rdr ‘mc ‘ sns‘kne
75 q‘od b‘rdr sg‘svdqd aqntfgssn sgd bntqsr ne sgd Bhsx ne Bghgt‘gt‘ enq sgd 1//6“1//8
odqhnc-Hm bnmsq‘rs*sgd Rs‘shrshbr Cdo‘qsldmsne sgd Itchbh‘qx ne Bghgt‘gt‘ qdonqsdc sg‘s
sgdx nmkx qdbdhudc 05/ gnlhbhcd b‘rdr ‘mc 57 q‘od b‘rdr enq sgd r‘ld odqhnc- Sgd chrbqdo,
‘mbx hm rs‘shrshbr qdfidbsr gnv l‘mx b‘rdr qd‘bgdc ‘ bntqs adb‘trd sgd oqnrdbtshnm kdc ‘
lnshnm enq ‘ v‘qq‘msnq enq ‘m ‘qq‘hfmldms-
16- Svn ldm vdqd ‘qqdrsdc enq sgd ‘ssdlosdc ltqcdq ne Knkhs‘- Nmd v‘r ‘ lhmnq ‘mc
v‘r qdkd‘rdc adb‘trd ne ‘ kdfhrk‘snqr& lhrs‘jd9 ‘ssdlosdc ltqcdq v‘r sgdm mns bk‘rrh dc
‘r ‘ bqhld enq lhmnqr hm Bghgt‘gt‘- @esdq Knkhs‘&r b‘rd* ‘ qdenql sn sgd bqhlhm‘k bncd ne
Bghgt‘gt‘ bnqqdbsdc sghr fi‘v hm sgd kdfhrk‘shnm- @ksgntfg BDCDGL v‘r rtbbdrretk hm
‘unhchmf sgd okd‘ a‘qf‘hm* sgdx vdqd mns rtbbdrretk hm bnmuhmbhmf sgd itcfd sg‘s sghr v‘r ‘
b‘rd ne §‘ssdlosdc edlhbhcd¶ ‘r gd qdidbsdc sgd duhcdmbd mddcdc sn ‘bbtrd sgd dw,anxeqhdmc
‘r sgd hmsdkkdbst‘k‘tsgnq ne sgd bqhld-Nmkx sgd l‘sdqh‘k‘tsgnq v‘r rdmsdmbdc sn 04 xd‘qr
hm i‘hkenq §‘ssdlosdc ltqcdq¶-
17- @r mnsdc d‘qkhdq rsq‘sdfhb khshf‘shnm adf‘m hm sgd 1///r hm Ldwhbn*atsv‘r khlhsdc hm
rbnod vhsgnts‘bbdrr sn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qhfgsr-
18- C‘s‘ ‘ssgd rs‘sd kdudkhr hmbnlokdsd enq sghr shld odqhnc ‘mc enq sghr qd‘rnm hsv‘r mns
qdonqsdc-@u‘hk‘akd hmenql‘shnm rgnvr sg‘sitchbh‘khy‘shnm ne gnlhbhcd b‘rdr hm Bghgt‘gt‘
g‘r cdbqd‘rdc eqnl 35$ ne ‘kk qdonqsdc gnlhbhcdr hm 1/02 sn nmkx 7$ hm 1/05- Hm Drs‘cn
cd Ldwhbn* pthsd hmsdqdrshmfkx sgd itchbh‘khy‘shnm hr rhlhk‘q sn sg‘snardqudc ‘ssgd m‘shnm‘k
kdudk‘mc hm ‘udq‘fd itchbh‘khy‘shnm bnmrshstsdc ‘ants43$ ne sgd gnlhbhcdr qdonqsdc ctqhmf
sgd 1/02“1/05 odqhnc-Atshm ansg Drs‘cn cd Lçwhbn ‘mc Bghgt‘gt‘ udqchbsr nmkx bnmrsh,
stsd ‘ants0/$ ne sgd gnlhbhcdr qdonqsdc hm sgd rs‘sd-R ntqbd9HMDFH-Bdmrn M‘bhnm‘kcd
Hlo‘qshbhím cd Itrshbh‘ Drs‘s‘k1/03“1/06-
2/- @r dwok‘hmdc d‘qkhdq* hm 1//2 sgd bqhlhm‘k bncd ne Bghgt‘gt‘ l‘cd sgd jhkkhmf ne ‘
vnl‘m ‘m §‘ffq‘u‘sdc ltcdq¶ atschc mnshmbktcd sgd k‘mft‘fd ne edlhbhcd hm sgd rs‘stsd-
Rhlhk‘q dw‘lokdr vdqd entmc hm b‘rdr mtladq 07383.1//7* 75//,5/.1//8- Lnqd qdbdmskx
sgd b‘rd ne I‘ylém Qncqéftdy* vghbg BDCDGL ‘ood‘kdc hm 1/04* ‘krn ghfgkhfgsr rhlhk‘q
oqnrdbtsnqh‘ke‘hktqdr ax sgd OON ’rdd Y‘lnq‘ LŽqptdy*1/04(-
20- Hmsdquhdv hm Bghgt‘gt‘*Ldwhbn*I‘mt‘qx 17*1/0/-
21- Sgd cdedmrd hm stqm ‘ood‘kdc sghr cdbhrhnm-@ssgd dmc sgd bntqsnmkx nqcdqdc ‘ qduh,
rhnm ne sgd otmhrgldms‘mc c‘l‘fdr ’BDCDGL*1/0/*o-65(-
22- Sghr mchmf hr rhlhk‘q sn sg‘snas‘hmdc enq sghr qdrd‘qbg-Rdd ennsmnsd !18 ‘anud-
24- @r dwok‘hmdc d‘qkhdq* sgd M‘shnm‘k Bqhlhm‘k Oqnbdctqd Bncd ne 1/03 sg‘s dmsdqdc
hmsn enqbd hm 1/05 adb‘ld sgd rs‘stsd sg‘sqdftk‘sdr ansg rs‘sd ‘mc edcdq‘kbqhlhm‘koqnbddc,
hmfr- @esdq sgd hlokdldms‘shnm ne sgd MBOB ‘kk rs‘sdr hm Ldwhbn* hm sgdnqx* g‘ud sgd qhfgs
sn oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm-
25- @ qdbdmsdw‘lokd rgnvr sghr qhrd hm rhlhk‘q khshf‘shnm rsq‘sdfhdr hm nsgdq rs‘sdr ne sgd
bntmsqx-Kdrux Qhudq‘ Nrnqhn v‘r jhkkdc hm sgd b‘lotr ne sgd m‘shnm‘ktmhudqrhsx*TM@L*
nm L‘x 2* 1/06- @esdq svn lnmsgr ne hmudrshf‘shnm* sgd otakhb oqnrdbtsnq qtkdc sg‘s sghr
v‘r ‘ b‘rd ne rthbhcd ‘mc cdbhcdc sn oqdrr bg‘qfdr ‘f‘hmrs Kdrux&r anxeqhdmc enq e‘hkhmf
sn oqdudms gdq rthbhcd ’§gnlhbhcd ax nlhrrhnm*¶ ‘r cd mdc ax sgd odm‘k bncd(- Sgd uhb,
shl&r qdk‘shudr mdudq adkhdudc sgd rthbhcd rsnqx ‘mc hmrsd‘c rtrodbsdc sg‘ssgd anxeqhdmc g‘c
jhkkdc gdq-Vhsg sgd gdko ne k‘vxdqr eqnl Bdmsqn cd Cdqdbgnr Gtl‘mnr Eq‘x Eq‘mbhrbn cd
Uhsnqh‘ ‘mc sgd NBME* kdc ‘m ‘ood‘k nm Itkx ne 1/06- Sgdx ‘qftdc sgdqd g‘c addm rdqh,
ntr oqnrdbtsnqh‘ke‘hktqdr sg‘sg‘c uhnk‘sdc u‘qhntr hmsdqm‘shnm‘kmnqlr qdf‘qchmf vnldm&r
qhfgsr ‘mc qdptdrsdc sgd bntqs sn ‘rj sgd otakhb oqnrdbtsnq sn hmudrshf‘sd sgd b‘rd vhsg ‘
fdmcdq odqrodbshud-Sgdx vnm sgd ‘ood‘knm Nbsnadq ne 1/06-Sgd kdf‘ksd‘l enq sgd oqhu‘sd
oqnrdbtshnm sgdm rodmslnmsgr f‘sgdqhmf duhcdmbd qdptdrssgd cdedmc‘mssn ad hmchbsdc enq
edlhbhcd ’BCGEEU* 1/07(- Nm @oqhk 0/* 1/07 ‘ bntqs qtkdc sg‘s sgd cdedmc‘ms vntkc ad
hmchbsdc enq §‘ffq‘u‘sdc edlhbhcd¶ ‘r sgd oqhu‘sd oqnrdbtshnm qdptdrsdc ’BCGEEU* 1/07*
@oqhk 0/(- Sn etqsgdq rtoonqs sgdhq khshf‘shnm deenqsr* sgd ‘cunb‘sdr hm sgd b‘rd g‘ud ‘krn
dmf‘fdc hm nsgdq enqlr ne rnbh‘klnahkhy‘shnm khjd oqnsdrsr ‘mc rnbh‘kldch‘ b‘lo‘hfmr-
Q D ED Q D M B D R
@c‘sn Fqddm*U-’1//4(-K‘ uhbshl‘ cdkcdkhsn*rtr f‘q‘msh‘r x cdqdbgnr dm dkrhrsdl‘ odm‘kcd9@qfdmshm‘*
Ankhuh‘*Bghkd*Bnknlah‘ x Ldwhbn-ZSgd uhbshl ne bqhld*gdq qhfgsr ‘mc oqnsdbshnmr hm sgd bqhlh,
m‘k itrshbd rxrsdl ne @qfdmshm‘* Ankhuh‘* Bghkd* Bnknlah‘* ‘mc Ldwhbn[ Hm R- F‘qbé‘ Q‘léqdy
’Dc-(* Cdqdbgn Odm]k9 Ldlnqh] cdk Bnmfqdrn Hmsdqm]bhnm]k cd Btkstq]r x R hrsdl]r Itqéchbnr
Bnlo]q]cnr ’Unk-HH-Oqnbdrn Odm‘k*oo-2“15(-Bhtc‘c cd Lçwhbn*Lçwhbn9TM@L-
@m‘x‘ Ltmny* @- ’1/00(- Dwok‘hmhmf ghfg kdudkr ne sq‘mrm‘shnm‘k oqdrrtqd nudq Ldwhbn9 Sgd b‘rd ne
sgd chrr‘odq‘mbdr ‘mc jhkkhmfr ne vnldm hm Bhtc‘c It‘qdy-S gd Hmsdqm]shnm]kIntqm]kne Gtl]m
Qhfgsr*04’2(*228“247-
@mcdqrdm*D-@-’1//3(-Ntsne sgd bknrdsr ]mc hmsn sgd bntqsr9K df]knoonqstmhsx rsqtbstqd ]mc f]x qhfgsr
khshf]shnm-@mm @qanq*LH9Tmhudqrhsx ne Lhbghf‘m Oqdrr-
@mcqdvr* J- S-* % Dcv‘qcr* A- ’1//3(- @cunb‘bx nqf‘mhy‘shnmr hm sgd TR onkhshb‘k oqnbdrr- ?mmt]k
Qduhdv ne R nbhnknfx*2/*368“4/5-
@mrnk‘adgdqd* J- ’1//6(- K ] O nkéshb] cdrcd k] Itrshbh]9 Bnqsdr R toqdl]r) Fnahdqmn x Cdlnbq]bh] dm
?qfdmshm] x Láwhbn- ZO nkhshbr eqnl Itrshbd9 R toqdld Bntqsr) Fnudqmldms) ]mc Cdlnbq]bx hm
?qfdmshm] ]mc Ldwhbn[ Lçwhbn*CE*Lçwhbn9EK@BRN.Enmsdl‘q‘-
@mrnk‘adgdqd*J-’1/0/(-Lnqd onvdq*lnqd qhfgsr; Sgd Rtoqdld Bntqs‘mc Rnbhdsx hm Ldwhbn-Hm I-@-
Bntrn*@-Gtmddtr*% Q-Rhdcdq ’Dcr-(*Btkstqdrne kdf]khsx9Itchbh]khy]shnm ]mc onkhshb]k]bshuhrl
hm K ]shm ?ldqhb] ’oo-67“000(-Mdv Xnqj*MX9B‘laqhcfd Tmhudqrhsx Oqdrr-
A‘qbk‘x*R-*Kxmm*B-I-*% L‘qrg‘kk*@-,L-’1/00(-Svn rohmmhmf vgddkr9Rstcxhmf k‘v ‘mc rnbh‘klnud,
ldmsr- Hm @- R‘q‘s ’Dc-(* R odbh]k hrrtd9 R nbh]k lnudldmsr.kdf]k onrrhahkhshdr- Rstchdr hm K‘v*
Onkhshbr*‘mc Rnbhdsx ’Unk-43*oo-0“05(-Ahmfkdx9Dldq‘kc Otakhrghmf-
Admmdss* @-* % Fdnqfd* @- K- ’0886(- O qnbdrr sq]bhmf hm b]rd rstcx qdrd]qbg- Adkedq Bdmsdq enq Rbhdmbd
‘mc Hmsdqm‘shnm‘k@ee‘hqr ’ABRH@(*G‘qu‘qc Tmhudqrhsx9L‘b@qsgtq Entmc‘shnm Vnqjrgno nm
B‘rd Rstcx Ldsgncr*Nbsnadq 06“08-
Aq‘ckdx* B- L- ’1//6(- Bqhlhm]k oqnbdctqd9 ? v nqkcv hcd rstcx ’1mc dc-(- Ctqg‘l* MB9 B‘qnkhm‘
@b‘cdlhb Oqdrr-
Aq‘hmd* S- ’1/0/(- Drsgdq Bg‘udy B‘mn ‘ccdc to sgd cdu‘rs‘shnm ne fdmcdq uhnkdmbd- Nm S gd Hrrtdr
L]f]yhmd)Vhmsdq-Qdsqhdudc eqnl gsso9..vvv-nmsgdhrrtdrl‘f‘yhmd-bnl.1/0/vhmsdq.1/0/vhmsdq]
Aq‘hmd-ogo
Aqhdmdm* L- D- H-* % Gndfdm* D- G- ’1///(- Uhbshlr ne bqhld hm 11 D tqnod]m bqhlhm]k itrshbd rxrsdlr9
sgd hlokdldms]shnm ne Qdbnlldmc]shnm ’74( 00 ne sgd Bntmbhk ne D tqnod nm sgd O nrhshnm ne sgd
4/ UDQ©MHB@ LHBGDK
Uhbshl hm sgd E q]ldv nqj ne Bqhlhm]k K ]v ]mc O qnbdctqd- Mhildfdm* sgd Mdsgdqk‘mcr9 Vnke
Kdf‘kOqnctbshnmr.Uhcx‘-
Aqhmjr*C-L-*% Enqa‘sg*V-’1/03(-Sgd qnkd ne bntqsr ‘mc bnmrshstshnmr hm sgd mdv onkhshbr ne vdke‘qd
hm K‘shm @ldqhb‘- Hm Q- O- Oddqdmannl % S- Fhmratqf ’Dcr-(* K ]v ]mc cdudknoldms ne lhcckd,
hmbnld bntmsqhdr9?unhchmf sgd lhcckd,hmbnld sq]o ’oo-110“134(-Mdv Xnqj*MX9B‘laqhcfd-
Aqxrj* @- ’0882(- Eqnl ‘anud ‘mc adknv9 Rnbh‘k lnudldmsr* sgd hmsdqm‘shnm‘k rxrsdl* ‘mc gtl‘m
qhfgsr hm @qfdmshm‘-Bnlo]q]shud O nkhshb]kR stchdr*15’2(*148“174-
B@CG@B % BDCDGL- ’1/03(- Cdr]o]qhbhnmdr Enqy]c]r d Hmunktms]qh]r dm Láwhbn9 Hmenqld
?ksdqm]shun o]q] k] D u]kt]bhñm cd Láwhbn ]msd dk Bnlhsá cd Cdro]q]bhñm Enqy]c] cd M]bhnmdr
Tmhc]r- ZD menqbdc ]mc Hmunktms]qx Chr]ood]q]mbdr hm Ldwhbn9 ?ksdqm]shud Qdonqs enq sgd
D u]kt]shnm ne Ldwhbn enq sgd TM Bnllhssdd nm D menqbdc Chr]ood]q]mbdr[ Lçwhbn*CE*Lçwhbn9
Bhtc‘c‘mnr dm @onxn ‘ knr Cdqdbgnr Gtl‘mnr @B: Bdmsqn cd Cdqdbgnr Gtl‘mnr cd k‘r
Ltidqdr-
B‘rshkkn*Q-’1/05*Mnudladq 13(-@rdrhm‘c‘r dm dkDrs‘cn cd Lçwhbn9tm‘ rhkdmbhn dohcdlh‘-ZVnldm
Jhkkdc hm sgd Rs‘sd ne Ldwhbn9 ‘ rhkdms dohcdlhb[ UHBD - Qdsqhdudc eqnl gssor9..vvv-uhbd-bnl.
dr]k‘s‘l.‘qshbkd.uc‘ou3.‘rdrhm‘c‘r,dm,dk,drs‘cn,cd,ldwhbn,tm‘,rhkdmbhnr‘,dohcdlh‘
B‘rsqn*I-U-’1//7(-D kLhmhrsdqhn O óakhbn dm Láwhbn ZS gd O takhb O qnrdbtsnq&rNe bd hm Ldwhbn[ ’04‘ dc-(-
Lçwhbn*CE*Lçwhbn9Dchsnqh‘kOnqqö‘-
BCGEEU- ’1/07‘(- K drux A dqkém9 Cnrrhdq cd O qdmr]- Qdrtldm cdk B]rn- ZKdrux Adqkhm9 Oqdrr Qdonqs-
Rtll‘qx ne sgd B‘rd[-Bdmsqn cd Cdqdbgnr Gtl‘mnr Eq‘x Eq‘mbhrbn cd Uhsnqh‘-Qdsqhdudc eqnl
Qdsqhdudc eqnl gsso9..cdqdbgnrgtl‘mnr-nqf-lw.qdrtldm,cdk,b‘rn,kdrux,adqkhm,qhudq‘,nrnqhn.-
BCGEEU-’1/07a*@oqhk0/(-Itdy odm]kcdsdqlhm] ] e]unq cdk]bbdrn ] k] itrshbh] o]q] K drux x rt e]lhkh]
ZItcfd qtkdrhm e]unqne ]bbdrrsn itrshbd enqK drux ]mc gdqe]lhkx[-Bdmsqn cd Cdqdbgnr Gtl‘mnr
Eq‘x Eq‘mbhrbn cd Uhsnqh‘-Qdsqhdudc eqnl gsso9..cdqdbgnrgtl‘mnr-nqf-lw.itrshbh‘o‘q‘kdrux-
BDCDGL- ’1/0/(- D k ]bbdrn ] itrshbh] o]q] k]r ltidqdr uhbshl]r cd uhnkdmbh]r cd fdmdqn dm dk rhrsdl]
odm]k ]btr]snqhn Z?bbdrr sn itrshbd enq v nldm uhbshlr ne fdmcdq uhnkdmbd hm sgd ]bbtr]snqh]k rxr,
sdl[-Bghgt‘gt‘*Ldwhbn9Bdmsqn cd Cdqdbgnr Gtl‘mnr cd k‘r Ltidqdr,Enqc Entmc‘shnm-
BDKR-’1//7(-K ] ktbg] onq dkcdqdbgn9K hshfhn drsq]sáfhbn x cdqdbgnr gtl]mnr ZS gd rsqtffkd enq sgd k]v 9
rsq]sdfhb khshf]shnm ]mc gtl]m qhfgsr[ ’0‘- dc-(- Atdmnr @hqdr* @qfdmshm‘9 Bdmsqn cd Drstchnr
Kdf‘kdr x Rnbh‘kdr ’BDKR(,Rhfkn Udhmshtmn-
BDRE*NMT,Ltidqdr*% HML-’1/01(-Uhnkdmbh] Edlhmhbhc] dm Ldwhbn 0874“1/0/ ZEdlhbhc]kUhnkdmbd
hm Ldwhbn 0874“1/0/[- Lçwhbn CE* Lçwhbn9 Bnlhrhím Drodbh‘k o‘q‘ dk Rdfthlhdmsn cd knr
Edlhmhbhchnr,NMT Ltidqdr,Hmrshstsn M‘bhnm‘kcd k‘r Ltidqdr-
BDRHI- ’1/05(- Hmchbd Fkna]k cd Hlotmhc]c Ldwhbn 1/05 ZFkna]k Hlotmhsx Hmcdw Ldwhbn 1/05[- R‘m
@mcqçr Bgnktk‘* Otdak‘* Ldwhbn9 Bdmsqn cd Drstchnr rnaqd Hlotmhc‘c x Itrshbh‘ ’BDRHI(,
TCK@O-
BLCG-’1//3(-?mÁkhrhr drs]cérshbn rnaqd dkgnlhbhchn cd ltidqdr x dkcdkhsn cd uhnk]bhñm dm k]r dmshc]cdr
edcdq]shu]r x ltmhbhohnr cd Láwhbn ZR s]shrshb]k]m]kxrhr ne v nldm uhbshlr ne gnlhbhcd ]mc q]od ]s
sgd rs]sd ]mc ltmhbho]kkdudkhm Ldwhbn[-Ldwhbn*CE*Ldwhbn9Hmrshstsn M‘bhnm‘kcd Cdr‘qqnkkn
Rnbh‘k,BLCG ’Bnlhrhím Ldwhb‘m‘ cd Cdqdbgnr Gtl‘mnr @B(-
Bnkké Dj* U- L- ’1/01(- Hloqnuhmf Gtl‘m Qhfgsr hm Ldwhbn9 Bnmrshstshnm‘k Qdenqlr* Hmsdqm‘shnm‘k
Rs‘mc‘qcr* ‘mc Mdv Qdpthqdldmsr enq Itcfdr- S gd Gtl]m Qhfgsr A qhde9 Bdmsdq enq Gtl]m
Qhfgsr ]mc Gtl]mhs]qh]m K ]v *1/’01(*6“03-
C‘mbx* F-* % Lhbgdk* U- ’1/05(- Gtl‘m qhfgsr dmenqbdldmseqnl adknv9 Oqhu‘sd ‘bsnqr ‘mc oqnrdbtsn,
qh‘klnldmstl hm K‘shm @ldqhb‘ ‘mc Dtqnod-Hmsdqm]shnm]kR stchdr Pt]qsdqkx*5/’0(*062“077-
C‘mhdkr* R-* % L‘qshm* I- ’1//8(- Kdf‘k rdquhbdr enq sgd onnq9 @bbdrr* rdke,hmsdqdrs* ‘mc Oqn Anmn- Hm
Q-R‘mcdetq ’Dc-(*?bbdrr sn itrshbd ’oo-034“055(-Ahmfkdx9Dldq‘kc Otakhrghmf-
C‘uhr* I- ’1//5(- Itrshbd vhsgnts anqcdqr9 Gtl‘m qhfgsr b‘rdr hm TR bntqsr- K ]v ]mc O nkhbx* 17’0(*
5/“71-cnh90/-0000.i-0356,882/-1//4-//106-w
Cn‘j* I- ’1//7(- Uhbshlr& qhfgsr) gtl]m qhfgsr ]mc bqhlhm]k itrshbd9 qdbnmbdhuhmf sgd qnkd ne sghqc o]qshdr-
Nwenqc9G‘qs-
Cnlhmfn* O- ’1//4(- Itchbh‘khy‘shnm ne onkhshbr9 Sgd bg‘mfhmf onkhshb‘k qnkd ne sgd itchbh‘qx hm Ldwhbn-
Hm @- @mfdkk* K- Rbginkcdm* % Q- Rhcdq ’Dcr-(* S gd itchbh]khy]shnm ne onkhshbr hm K ]shm ?ldqhb]
’oo-10“35(-Mdv Xnqj*MX9O‘kfq‘ud L‘blhkk‘m-
Cqhudq* @- ’1/01(- Edlhmhbhcd ‘mc sgd Chrhmsdfq‘shnm ne sgd E‘lhkx E‘aqhb hm Bhtc‘c ItŽqdy9 @m
Hmsdquhdv vhsg Kntqcdr Onqshkkn-R stchdr hm K ]shm ?ldqhb]m O notk]q Btkstqd*2/*104“114-
Ctbd* L- ’1//8(- Bqhlhm]k Itrshbd qdenql hm K ]shm ?ldqhb]9 ? o]mnq]lhb ]mc bnlo]q]shud odqdrodbshud
dw]lhmhmf hsr cdudknoldms)bnmsdmsr)qdrtksr)]mc bg]kkdmfdr-TCO Otakhb Onkhbx Rdqhdr9Vnqjhmf
O‘odqr ’Unk-Mn-2(-R‘msh‘fn cd Bghkd*Bghkd9Tmhudqrhc‘c Chdfn Onqs‘kdr-
Cxrnm*L-’1/03(-Tmq]udkkhmf snqs]mc bqhld-B‘laqhcfd9B‘laqhcfd Tmhudqrhsx Oqdrr-
Dmr‘k‘bn-* L- ’1//5(- Ltqcdq hm Bhtc‘c ItŽqdy9 @ o‘q‘akd ne vnldm&r rsqtffkd enq gtl‘m qhfgsr-
Uhnkdmbd ?f]hmrsVnldm-01’4(*306“33/-
Doo* B- Q- ’0887(- S gd qhfgsr qdunktshnm9 K ]v xdqr) ]bshuhrsr) ]mc rtoqdld bntqsr hm bnlo]q]shud odqrodb,
shud-Bghb‘fn*HK9Tmhudqrhsx ne Bghb‘fn Oqdrr-
Eqdfnrn*Q-K-’1//5(-_Vd v‘mssgdl ‘khud &9Sgd onkhshbr ‘mc btkstqd ne gtl‘m qhfgsr-R nbh]kHcdmshshdr*
01’1(*0/8“027-cnh90/-0/7/.024/352/5//472185
F‘kk‘fgdq*I-’1/06(-Sgd k‘rslhkd oqnakdl9@bshuhrsr*‘cunb‘sdr*‘mc sgd rsqtffkd enq itrshbd hm cnldrshb
bntqsr-Bnlo]q]shud O nkhshb]kR stchdr*4/’01(*0555“0587-cnh90/-0066.//0/303/05577//0
F‘qbé‘ cdk Lnq‘k* O- ’1/00(- Qdoqdrdms‘shnm ‘r ‘ sdbgmnknfx ne uhnkdmbd9 Nm sgd qdoqdrdms‘shnm ne sgd
ltqcdqr ‘mc chrr‘od‘q‘mbdr ne ‘anqhfhm‘k vnldm hm B‘m‘c‘ ‘mc vnldm hm Bhtc‘c It‘qdy-
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b‘bhím cdk edlhmhbhchn dm Lçwhbn ZVgdm bqhlhm‘k k‘v hr mns dmntfg- Qdfidbshnmr nm sgd bqhlh,
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02*054“071-
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