Sgd Cdudinoldms Wmc TshihwWshnm
ne W PaWid sn DdWrtpd )cnidradmsr
=mm P, Adbi
GYldr P, Sgnlornm
Hkkhmnhr RsYsd Tmhudqrhsx* MnqlYk* HJ
JtkkYwY JnrtvYm
RqhmYjgYqhmvhqns Tmhudqrhsx*
AYmfjnj* SgYhkYmc
GdrrhbY K, Opnbgmnv
Hkkhmnhr MdtqnknfhbYk Hmrshstsd* OdnqhY
461 HntplWi ne Roddag JWlftWfd Wlc FdWphlf PdrdWpag
)sshstcdr SnvWpc Mddpr Ugn Trd
)tfldmsWshud Wmc )isdpmWshud
AnlltmhaWshnm ))A( Cduhadr
Otponrd7 Rstcx 0 cdudknodc sgd ?rrdrrldms ne ?sshstcdr SnvYqc ?tfldmsYshud
Ymc ?ksdqmYshud BnlltmhbYshnm–1 !??S??B’1( sn Yrrdrr Ycnkdrbdmsr Ysshstcdr
snvYqc oddqr vgn trd ??B- Rstcx 1 trdc sgd ??S??B’1 sn dwYlhmd hmektdmbdr ne
eYlhkhYqhsx vhsg odnokd vhsg chrYahkhshdr: sxod ne ??B cduhbd: Ymc uYqhntr bnlahmYshnmr
ne fdmcdq ne qYsdq* ??B trdq* Ymc bnlltmhbYshnm oYqsmdq nm Ycnkdrbdmsr Ysshstcdr-
Kdsgnc7 Hm Rstcx 0* 083 Ycnkdrbdmsr uhdvdc uhcdnsYodr cdohbshmf Ycnkdrbdmsr trhmf
??B* sgdm bnlokdsdc ??S??B’1- Rstcx 1 tshkhydc 7 uhcdnsYodr cdohbshmf 3 cheedqdms
fdmcdq bnlahmYshnmr ne ??B trdq Ymc bnlltmhbYshnm oYqsmdq Yr dwodqhldmsYk
rshltkh- DYbg fdmcdq bnlahmYshnm vYr ehkldc svhbd9 nmbd vhsg Y rsYshb sntbg rbqddm
cduhbd* Ymc nmbd vhsg Y cxmYlhb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd- Nmd,gtmcqdc sghqsx,rhw
Ycnkdrbdmsr vdqd qYmcnlkx Yrrhfmdc sn uhdv 0 ne sgd 7 uhcdnr- OYqshbhoYmsr sgdm
bnlokdsdc ??S??B’1-
Pdrtksr7 Rstcx 0 cdlnmrsqYsdc sgYs ??S??B’1 gYr YcdptYsd orxbgnldsqhb
oqnodqshdr- PYsdqr qdronmrdr hm Rstcx 1 hmchbYsdc mn lYhm deedbs ne cduhbd sxod: fhqkr
vdqd lnqd onrhshud sgYm anxr: Ymc eYlhkhYqhsx vhsg oddqr vhsg chrYahkhshdr vYr YrrnbhYsdc
vhsg lnqd onrhshud Ysshstcdr- Mn 1,vYx hmsdqYbshnmr vdqd rhfmhehbYms: 2,vYx hmsdqYbshnm
ne kdudk ne eYlhkhYqhsx* fdmcdq* Ymc sxod ne cduhbd trdc vYr rhfmhehbYms-
Bnmbktrhnmr7 EYlhkhYqhsx Ymc fdmcdq bnmsqhatsd sn Ycnkdrbdmsr Ysshstcdr: sxod ne ??B
cduhbd bnlahmdc vhsg sgdrd eYbsnqr sn hmektdmbd Ysshstcdr-
JDW TMPCR7 Ycnkdrbdmsr Ysshstcdr) ==B cduhbd swod) eYlhkhYphsw vhsg chrYahkhshdr)
fdmcdp
?
sshstcdr g]ud sq]chshnm]kkx addm bnmrhcdqdc ax rnbh]k orxbgnknfhrsr
sn ad bnlonrdc ne bnfmhshud) ]eedbshud) ]mc adg]uhnq]k bnlonmdmsr
&Sqh]mchr) 0860(- Sghr uhdv ne ]sshstcdr onrhsr sg]s sgd bnfmhshud)
nq du]kt]shud) bnlonmdms hmsdq]bsr vhsg sgd ]eedbshud) nq dlnshnm]k) bnl,
onmdms sn oqdchronrd ]bshnmr) nq adg]uhnqr) snv]qc ]m ]sshstcd naidbs-
@ksgntfg sghr sgqdd,e]bsnq sgdnqx ne ]sshstcd hmchb]sdr sg]s ] qdk]shnm,
rgho dwhrsr adsvddm adg]uhnq]k qdronmchmf ]mc ]sshstcdr) nsgdq qdrd]qbgdqr
g]ud entmc sg]s ]sshstcdr ]mc adg]uhnqr ]qd mns mdbdrr]qhkx rxmnmxlntr
vhsg d]bg nsgdq &Jq]tr) 0884(- E]bsnqr qdk]sdc sn odnokd r rhst]shnmr) chr,
onrhshnmr) ]mc lnshu]shnmr b]m qdrtks hm chrbqdo]mbhdr adsvddm sgdhq rs]sdc
]sshstcdr ]mc sgdhq adg]uhnqr- Sgd qdk]shnmrgho adsvddm ]sshstcdr ]mc
adg]uhnqr) gnvdudq) hr qdkh]akx fqd]sdq vgdm sgd bnfmhshud ]mc ]eedbshud
Unk- 42 461’476 Itmd 1/0/ ?ldqhbYm Roddbg,JYmftYfd,GdYqhmf ?rrnbhYshnm
bnlonmdmsr ne ]m hmchuhct]k r ]sshstcd snv]qc ] rodbhehb
]sshstcd naidbs ]qd l]sbgdc q]sgdq sg]m lhrl]sbgdc &Rdhsy)
Knqc) % S]xknq) 1//6() ]mc lnrs odnokd vhkk sqx sn l]hms]hm
bnmrhrsdmbx adsvddm sgdhq ]sshstcdr ]mc sgdhq adg]uhnqr
&Gxldk) 0875(- Hmcddc) hmchuhct]kr sxohb]kkx ]ssdlos sn
hmsdq]bs vhsg nsgdqr vgn gnkc ]sshstcdr rhlhk]q sn sgdhq
nvm- Vgdm sghr nbbtqr) adg]uhnqr sg]s ]qd bnmrhrsdms vhsg
dwoqdrrdc ]sshstcdr ]qd dmbntq]fdc nq) odqg]or) ]bst]kkx
dmenqbdc sgqntfg rsqnmf rnbh]k oqdrrtqd &Jq]tr) 0884(-
@ odqrnm r ]sshstcd snv]qc ]mnsgdq hmchuhct]k b]m
sgdqdenqd ad ] oqdchronrhmf e]bsnq enq sgd l]mmdq hm
vghbg sg]s odqrnm ]bsr snv]qc sgd nsgdq hmchuhct]k) dr,
odbh]kkx vgdm sgd odqrnm hr ] ldladq ne ] fqnto vgn
gnkcr sgd r]ld ]sshstcd- Rbgnnk bk]rrqnnlr ]qd ’rnbh]k
bnlltmhshdr hm sgdhq nvm qhfgs– &Mnvhbjh % R]mchdrnm)
1//1) o- 133() ]mc vhsghm bk]rrqnnlr hm vghbg bghkcqdm
vhsg ogxrhb]k ]mc hmsdkkdbst]k chr]ahkhshdr ]qd hmbktcdc)
sgd ]sshstcdr ne oddqr snv]qc sgd bghkcqdm vhsg chr]ahk,
hshdr sdmc sn ad mdf]shud ]mc ’]qd fdmdq]kkx qdbnfmhydc
]r adhmf ] l]inq a]qqhdq sn etkk rnbh]k hmbktrhnm ]s rbgnnk
enq bghkcqdm ]mc xntsg vhsg chr]ahkhshdr– &LbCntf]kk)
CdVhs) Jhmf) Lhkkdq) % Jhkkho) 1//3) o- 177(- Bghkcqdm
vhsg chr]ahkhshdr vgn ]qd hmbktcdc ]qd khjdkx sn e]bd rd,
qhntr rnbh]k cheehbtkshdr sg]s hmbktcd rnbh]k hrnk]shnm) rn,
bh]k mdfkdbs) qdidbshnm) sd]rhmf ]mc atkkxhmf ax sgdhq oddqr)
]mc ] k]bj ne ] rdmrd ne r]edsx ]mc adknmfhmf &LbCntf]kk
ds ]k-) 1//3: Mnvhbjh % R]mchdrnm) 1//1(-
2sshstcdr SnvWpc FmchuhctWir
Uhsf AnlltmhaWshnm FloWhpldmsr
@mnsgdq enql ne chr]ahkhsx hr bnlltmhbYshnm hl,
oYhpldmsr- Rhlhk]q sn sgd ]sshstcdr ne oddqr snv]qc sgnrd
vhsg ogxrhb]k ]mc hmsdkkdbst]k chr]ahkhshdr) sgd khsdq]stqd
]krn hmchb]sdr sg]s sgd ]sshstcdr ne oddqr snv]qc hmch,
uhct]kr vhsg u]qhntr enqlr ne bnlltmhb]shnm hlo]hqldmsr
]qd mns ]r onrhshud ]r vntkc ad cdrhqdc- Hmchuhct]kr vgn
g]ud unhbd nq qdrnm]mbd chrnqcdqr qdonqs mdf]shud rnbh]k
qd]bshnmr sn sgdhq udqa]k bnlltmhb]shnm sg]s ]eedbs sgdhq
]ahkhsx sn rnbh]khyd) sn ad dloknxdc) ]mc sn cdudkno ] orx,
bgnknfhb]k rdmrd ne vdkk,adhmf- Rnld odnokd vhsg unhbd
chrnqcdqr qdonqs adhmf rs]qdc ]s) sd]rdc) ]mc) hmcddc) eddk,
hmf rthbhc]k &@ksdmadqf % Edqq]mc) 1//5: K]kkg % Qnbgds)
1///(- Odnokd ]krn sdmc sn gnkc mdf]shud ]sshstcdr snv]qc
hmchuhct]kr vgn rstssdq &O]ssdqrnm % Oqhmf) 0880( ]mc
sn odqbdhud sgdl ]r ’fdmdq]kkx pthds) qdshbdms) ft]qcdc)
]unhchmf) hmsqnudqsdc) o]rrhud) rdke,cdqnf]snqx) ]mwhntr)
sdmrd) mdquntr) ]mc ]eq]hc– &Rmxcdq) 1//0) o- 04/() dudm
sgntfg sgdqd hr mn duhcdmbd sn rtoonqs sgd oqdrdmbd ne
sgdrd bg]q]bsdqhrshbr hm odnokd vgn rstssdq ]r ] fqnto-
Bghkcqdm vhsg rodbhehb k]mft]fd hlo]hqldmsr ]qd qdonqsdc
sn ad ]s qhrj enq cdudknohmf edvdq eqhdmcrghor ]mc adhmf
lnqd khjdkx sn ad uhbshlhydc ax sgdhq oddqr sg]m ]qd
bghkcqdm vhsg sxohb]k k]mft]fd rjhkkr &Bnmsh,Q]lrcdm %
Ansshmf) 1//3(-
@ bnlltmhb]shnm mddc b]m ad rn bnlokdw sg]s hs hm,
sdqedqdr vhsg ] odqrnm r ]ahkhsx sn bnlltmhb]sd hm ] etmb,
shnm]k l]mmdq) l]jhmf sg]s odqrnm ] onsdmsh]k b]mchc]sd
enq ]tfldms]shud ]mc ]ksdqm]shud bnlltmhb]shnm &@@B(-
Sgd lnrs bnllnm b]trdr ne bnlokdw bnlltmhb]shnm mddcr
hm bghkcqdm ]qd ]tshrl) bdqdaq]k o]krx) ldms]k qds]qc],
shnm) ]mc cdudknoldms]k ]oq]wh] ne roddbg &Adtjdkl]m
% Lhqdmc]) 1//4(- Sgdqdenqd) l]mx bghkcqdm vgn ]qd b]m,
chc]sdr enq @@B g]ud mns nmkx ] bnlokdw bnlltmhb]shnm
mddc ats ]krn ogxrhb]k ]mc hmsdkkdbst]k chr]ahkhshdr- @r
g]r addm chrbtrrdc oqduhntrkx) ]kk ne sgdrd bg]q]bsdqhr,
shbr g]ud addm cnbtldmsdc ]r nesdm adhmf odqbdhudc mdf],
shudkx ax oddqr- @r LbB]qsgx ]mc Khfgs &1//4( hmchb]sdc)
’Mdf]shud ]sshstcdr ]ants hmchuhct]kr vgn trd @@B bqd,
]sd a]qqhdqr sg]s khlhs noonqstmhshdr enq bnlltmhb]shnm
]mc etkk o]qshbho]shnm hm rnbhdsx– &o- 30(-
Dudm sgntfg ]m hmchuhct]k vgn gnkcr ] mdf]shud ]ssh,
stcd snv]qc ]mnsgdq odqrnm cndr mns mdbdrr]qhkx dmf]fd
hm adg]uhnqr sg]s ]qd g]qletk sn sg]s odqrnm) sgd ]bbtlt,
k]sdc duhcdmbd hmchb]sdr sg]s hmchuhct]kr vhsg ogxrhb]k)
hmsdkkdbst]k) ]mc bnlltmhb]shnm chr]ahkhshdr ]qd ]s qhrj
enq knvdq ]bbdos]mbd ax sgdhq oddqr ]mc sg]s sghr l]x qd,
rtks hm adhmf hrnk]sdc) sd]rdc) nq atkkhdc &d-f-) @ksdmadqf
% Edqq]mc) 1//5: Bnmsh,Q]lrcdm % Ansshmf) 1//3: Bnnj
% Rdlldk) 0888: Edqftrnm) 0887: Ehrgdq) Otloh]m) %
R]w) 0887: K]kkg % Qnbgds) 1///: LbCntf]kk ds ]k-) 1//3:
Mnvhbjh % R]mchdrnm) 1//1(- Sn dmrtqd sg]s hmchuhct]kr
vhsg chr]ahkhshdr) hmbktchmf sgnrd vgn trd @@B sn bnl,
ltmhb]sd) cn mns e]bd rtbg adg]uhnqr ]mc khlhshmf a]q,
qhdqr) hs hr hlonqs]ms sn bnmshmtd sgd rstcx ne ]sshstcdr sn
f]hm jmnvkdcfd ne u]qh]akdr sg]s hmektdmbd) nq gdko sn enql)
oddqr ]sshstcdr snv]qc hmchuhct]kr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr-
2sshstcdr SnvWpc FmchuhctWir
Ufn Trd 22A
Sgd cdudknoldms ]mc cdsdqlhm]msr ne ]sshstcdr sn,
v]qc odnokd vgn trd @@B g]ud addm ]ssqhatsdc sn u]q,
hntr bg]q]bsdqhrshbr ne @@B trdqr ]mc sgd @@B rxrsdl
hsrdke &Adcqnrh]m) Gn]f) B]kbtk]snq) % Lnkhmdtw) 0881:
Fnqdmekn % Fnqdmekn) 0880: Fnqdmekn) Fnqdmekn) % R]msdq)
0883: Gn]f % Adcqnrh]m) 0881: Gn]f) Adcqnrh]m) Ingmrnm)
% Lnkhmdtw) 0883: Khkhdmedkc % @k]ms) 1//1(- @ctksr ]s,
shstcdr snv]qc oddqr vgn trd @@B g]ud addm qdonqsdc sn
ad hmektdmbdc ax u]qh]akdr rtbg ]r fdmcdq) e]lhkh]qhsx vhsg
chr]ahkhshdr) kdmfsg ne ]tfldmsdc ldrr]fd) hmenql],
shnm ]ants sgd @@B trdq) ]mc sxod ne @@B cduhbd trdc
&Adcqnrh]m ds ]k-) 0881: Fnqdmekn % Fnqdmekn) 0880: Gn]f
% Adcqnrh]m) 0881(-
Fnqdmekn ]mc Fnqdmekn &0880( bnlo]qdc ]ctksr ]s,
shstcdr sn ] odqrnm vhsg bnlokdw bnlltmhb]shnm mddcr
Adbi ds Yk,7 .cnidradlsr .sshstcdr SnuWpc Nddpr Ugn Trd ..A 462
vgdm sg]s odqrnm bnlltmhb]sdc trhmf ]m tm]hcdc bnl,
ltmhb]shnm sdbgmhptd &h-d-) ghr nvm unhbd ]mc m]stq]kkx
nbbtqqhmf e]bh]k ]mc ancx fdrstqdr() ]m ]kog]ads an]qc)
nq ] roddbg,fdmdq]shmf cduhbd- G]ke ne sgdhq o]qshbho]msr
]krn qdbdhudc onrhshud) vqhssdm hmenql]shnm ]ants sgd
odqrnm vgn bnlltmhb]sdc trhmf @@B) ]mc g]ke qdbdhudc
mn hmenql]shnm- Sgd qdrtksr hmchb]sdc sg]s ]r sgd rn,
oghrshb]shnm ne sgd bnlltmhb]shnm sdbgmhptd hmbqd]rdc)
rn chc sgd onrhshud m]stqd ne sgd du]kt]shud bnlonmdms ne
o]qshbho]msr ]sshstcdr- Sgd du]kt]shud bnlonmdms ne ]s,
shstcdr v]r ]krn qdonqsdc sn ad lnqd onrhshud enq hm,
chuhct]kr vgn qdbdhudc sgd onrhshud vqhssdm hmenql]shnm-
Gnvdudq) nmkx sgd trd ne sgd lnrs rnoghrshb]sdc @@B sdbg,
mhptd qdrtksdc hm ]m hmbqd]rd hm sgd ]eedbshud nq adg]uhnq]k
bnlonmdms ne ]sshstcd- Fnqdmekn ]mc Fnqdmekn bnmbktcdc
’sg]s sn hmbqd]rd hmsdq]bshnm ]mc) ]s adrs) bnlltmhb]shud
hmsdq]bshnm adsvddm mnmrod]jhmf ]mc ]akd,anchdc odq,
rnmr ” sgd trd ne ] bnlotsdq,a]rdc bnlltmhb]shnm rxr,
sdl lhfgs ad mdbdrr]qx– &o- 13(-
He sghr ehmchmf ]krn gdkc enq bghkcqdm) sgdm sgd sxod ne
@@B sdbgmhptd ] bghkc trdc bntkc g]ud ] onrhshud hlo]bs
nm ghr nq gdq rnbh]k dwodqhdmbdr vhsg nsgdq bghkcqdm- Gnv,
dudq) sgd ]bbtltk]sdc qdrd]qbg qdrtksr g]ud hmchb]sdc sg]s
sxod ne @@B sdbgmhptd trdc cndr mns hmektdmbd sgd ]ssh,
stcdr ne bghkcqdm hm Fq]cdr 0“5 &Adbj % Cdmmhr) 0885: Adbj)
Eqhsy) Jdkkdq) % Cdmmhr) 1///: Aknbjadqfdq) @qlrsqnmf)
N Bnmmnq) % Eqddl]m) 0882: Ctcdj) Adbj) % Sgnlornm)
1//5(- Hmrsd]c) sgd u]qh]akdr sg]s g]ud rgnvm ]m hmektdmbd
nm bghkcqdm r ]sshstcdr snv]qc sgdhq oddqr vgn trd @@B
sdmcdc sn ad u]qh]akdr sg]s vdqd hmsdqm]k sn sgd bghkcqdm
&d-f-) fdmcdq) e]lhkh]qhsx vhsg chr]ahkhshdr) fq]cd: Adbj) Anbj)
Sgnlornm) % Jnrtv]m) 1//1: Adbj % Cdmmhr) 0885: Adbj)
Eqhsy) ds ]k-) 1///: Adbj) Jhmfratqx) Mdee) % Cdmmhr) 1///:
Aknbjadqfdq ds ]k-) 0882: Ctcdj ds ]k-) 1//5(-
Vghkd qdrd]qbg g]r enbtrdc nm sgd ]sshstcdr ne bghk,
cqdm ]mc ]ctksr snv]qc sgdhq oddqr vgn trd @@B) sgd
]sshstcdr ne ]cnkdrbdmsr g]ud mns addm rstchdc dwsdm,
rhudkx- @cnkdrbdmbd) vhsg sgd nmrds ne otadqsx ]mc sgd
rghes eqnl dkdldms]qx sn ghfg rbgnnk) hr ] l]inq shld ne
sq]mrhshnm enq ]kk bghkcqdm- @r LbCntf]kk ds ]k- &1//3(
onhmsdc nts) enq bghkcqdm vhsg chr]ahkhshdr) oddq ]bbdo,
s]mbd hr hlonqs]ms enq sgdhq rtbbdrretk hmsdfq]shnm hmsn
sgd ghfg,rbgnnk rdsshmf ]mc ]krn enq sgdhq ’dudmst]k rtb,
bdrretk sq]mrhshnm sn sgd ]ctks vnqkc– &o- 177(- Sgdqdenqd)
qdrd]qbg rstchdr hmudrshf]shmf u]qh]akdr sg]s lhfgs
hmbqd]rd sgd onrhshud m]stqd ne ]cnkdrbdmsr ]sshstcdr
snv]qc sgdhq oddqr vgn trd @@B ]qd mddcdc-
Nmd rstcx sg]s qdonqsdc ehmchmfr qdf]qchmf sgd ]s,
shstcdr ne bghkcqdm hm d]qkx ]cnkdrbdmbd v]r bnmctbsdc ax
Khkhdmedkc ]mc @k]ms &1//1(- Sgdrd qdrd]qbgdqr hmudrsh,
f]sdc gnv sgd ]sshstcdr ne bghkcqdm ]fdr 00“02 snv]qc ]m
hmchuhct]k vgn trdc @@B vdqd ]eedbsdc ax unhbd ntsots
]mc fdmcdq ne o]qshbho]msr- Sgdrd qdrd]qbgdqr cdudknodc
] ptdrshnmm]hqd) sgd Cdudknoldms ne sgd Bnlltmhb]shnm
463 HntplWi ne Roddag JWlftWfd Wlc FdWphlf PdrdWpag Unk- 42
@hc. Cduhbd @sshstchm]k Ptdrshnmm]hqd &B@C@P() sn ]r,
rdrr ansg sgd ]sshstcdr ne 00, sn 02,xd]q,nkcr snv]qc ]
bghkc vhsg chr]ahkhshdr vgn trdc @@B ]mc sgdhq odqbdo,
shnmr ne sg]s bghkc r bnlltmhb]shud bnlodsdmbd- Svn
rshltktr uhcdns]odr ne ] 02,xd]q,nkc anx vhsg bdqdaq]k
o]krx ]mc mn etmbshnm]k roddbg vdqd bqd]sdc- Nmd uhcdn
rgnvdc sgd anx bnlltmhb]shmf vhsg rhmfkd vnqcr) rgnqs
ogq]rdr) ]mc etkk rdmsdmbdr bnlonrdc nm ] ghfg,sdbgmnknfx
roddbg,fdmdq]shmf cduhbd sg]s tshkhydc rxmsgdrhydc unhbd-
Ghr bnlltmhb]shnm o]qsmdq v]r ] 04,xd]q,nkc fhqk vgn
ronjd- Sgd rdbnmc uhcdns]od v]r ] bnox ne sgd ehqrs) ats
vhsg sgd unhbd dchsdc nts-
Sgd o]qshbho]msr hm sgd rstcx hmbktcdc 004 rhwsg,
]mc rdudmsg,fq]cd rstcdmsr vgn ronjd Dmfkhrg ]mc vgn
]ssdmcdc ] rbgnnk vgdqd mn rstcdmsr vhsg rhfmhehb]ms chr,
]ahkhshdr vdqd dmqnkkdc- Rstcdmsr vdqd rdkdbsdc ]s q]m,
cnl eqnl nmd ne svn bk]rrqnnlr ]s d]bg fq]cd kdudk sn
l]jd to sgd svn fqntor ne o]qshbho]msr- Sgd o]qshbho]msr
uhdvdc sgd uhcdns]odr ]mc sgdm bnlokdsdc sgd B@C@P-
Bnmrhrsdms vhsg oqduhntr ehmchmfr &d-f-) Adbj % Cdmmhr)
0885: Aknbjadqfdq ds ]k-) 0882: Fnqdmekn % Fnqdmekn) 0880()
sgd qdrtksr ne sgd B@C@P hmchb]sdc sg]s fhqkr g]c lnqd
onrhshud qdronmrdr sg]m anxr hm ansg sgd unhbd ]mc sgd
mn,unhbd bnmchshnmr- Etqsgdqlnqd) Khkhdmedkc ]mc @k]ms
&1//1( entmc sg]s sgdhq o]qshbho]msr ]sshstcdr vdqd lnqd
onrhshud enq sgd unhbd bnmchshnmr sg]m enq sgd mn,unhbd
bnmchshnmr) qdf]qckdrr ne fdmcdq- Sgdrd qdrtksr hmchb]sdc
sg]s) tmkhjd xntmfdq bghkcqdm) sgd ]sshstcdr ne bghkcqdm
hm rhwsg ]mc rdudmsg fq]cd vdqd hmektdmbdc ax ]m ]rodbs
&h-d-) unhbd nq mn unhbd( ne sgd @@B sdbgmhptd trdc- Sgdqd
bnmshmtdr) gnvdudq) sn ad ] mddc sn jmnv ]ants gnv
nsgdq ]rodbsr ne ]m @@B cduhbd lhfgs) nq lhfgs mns) hm,
ektdmbd ]cnkdrbdmsr ]sshstcdr-
Nmd chrshmbshnm adsvddm @@B cduhbdr hr sgd sxod ne
rbqddm trdc9 ] rs]shb &ehwdc rdkdbshnm rds( sntbg rbqddm nq
] cxm]lhb &bg]mfhmf rdkdbshnm rds( sntbg rbqddm- Sntbg
rbqddmr nm bnlotsdqr ]qd ’lnmhsnqr vhsg rnld sxod ne
rdmrhmf cduhbd ]bqnrr hsr e]bd sg]s cdsdbsr sgd knb]shnm
]mc ctq]shnm ne bnms]bs) trt]kkx ax ] ehmfdq nq rsxktr- @kk
sntbg rbqddmr sgdm rtookx sghr bnms]bs hmenql]shnm sn
sgd OB ]r sgntfg hs vdqd ] bkhbj dudms eqnl ] lntrd–
&Ldxdqr) 1//6) o- 517(-
Cdchb]sdc) bnlotsdqhydc @@B cduhbdr sxohb]kkx
g]ud athks,hm sntbg rbqddmr- He ] rs]shb sntbg rbqddm cd,
uhbd hr adhmf trdc) sgd @@B trdq ]bbdrrdr ] atssnm) nq
rdqhdr ne atssnmr) nm sgd e]bd ne sgd rbqddm hm nqcdq sn
oqnctbd ] ronjdm ldrr]fd- He ] cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm cd,
uhbd hr adhmf trdc) sgd trdq b]m ]bbdrr rodbhehb knb]shnmr nm
sgd rbqddm sg]s bg]mfd sgd rbqddm sg]s hr adhmf oqdrdmsdc sn
sgd trdq- He nmd ne sgdrd sxodr ne cduhbd sntbg rbqddmr hr
uhdvdc lnqd onrhshudkx ax oddqr sg]m sgd nsgdq) sgdm
sg]s hmenql]shnm bntkc ad bnmrhcdqdc) ]knmf vhsg nsgdq
bqhshb]k ch]fmnrshb hmenql]shnm) ax hmsdqudmshnmhrsr vgdm
qdbnlldmchmf @@B cduhbdr enq trd ax ]cnkdrbdmsr-
461’476 Itmd 1/0/
 Sgd e]bsnq ne ] oddq r fdmcdq bnmshmtdr sn hmektdmbd
]sshstcdr sgqntfgnts ]cnkdrbdmbd &Khkhdmedkc % @k]ms)
1//1( ]mc hmsn ]ctksgnnc &Fnqdmekn % Fnqdmekn) 0880(-
Qdrd]qbg g]r addm bnmctbsdc nm sgd rodbhehb cheedqdmbdr
adsvddm sgd ]sshstcdr ne fhqkr ]mc anxr hm sgdhq sddmr
snv]qc sgdhq oddqr vhsg ldms]k qds]qc]shnm &Jq]idvrjh
% Ek]gdqsx) 1///(- Sgdrd qdrd]qbgdqr ]clhmhrsdqdc ]m
]sshstcd hmudmsnqx bnmrhrshmf ne 18 hsdlr sg]s e]kk hmsn
nmd ne entq b]sdfnqhdr &h-d-) hmsdfq]shnm“rdfqdf]shnm) oqh,
u]sd qhfgsr) rnbh]k chrs]mbd) ]mc rtaskd cdqnf]snqx ad,
khder( sn 043 ghfg rbgnnk rstcdmsr hm Fq]cdr 8) 0/) 00) ]mc
01- Edl]kdr cdlnmrsq]sdc lnqd onrhshud ]sshstcdr snv]qc
hmchuhct]kr vhsg ldms]k qds]qc]shnm sg]m chc l]kdr nm sgd
rtarb]kdr ne oqhu]sd qhfgsr) rnbh]k chrs]mbd) ]mc rtaskd
cdqnf]snqx adkhder- Sgd rtarb]kd sg]s cdlnmrsq]sdc sgd
fqd]sdrs deedbs enq fdmcdq) gnvdudq) v]r rnbh]k chrs]mbd:
edl]kdr gdkc ltbg lnqd onrhshud ]sshstcdr nm sghr rta,
rb]kd sg]m l]kdr-
Mnvhbjh ]mc R]mchdrnm &1//1( ]krn entmc sg]s fhqkr
vdqd lnqd onrhshud snv]qc oddqr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr sg]m
vdqd anxr) ats nmkx he sgd s]qfds odqrnm v]r ]mnsgdq fhqk-
Fhqkr sdmcdc sn chrok]x ] lnqd mdf]shud ah]r snv]qc ]
l]kd s]qfds sg]m chc anxr- @cchshnm]kkx) Fnqdmekn ]mc
Fnqdmekn &0886( entmc sg]s odqbdhudc rhlhk]qhsx ]mc fdm,
cdq hmsdq]bsdc sn hmektdmbd sgd ]sshstcdr ne bnkkdfd,]fdc
hmchuhct]kr snv]qc odnokd vgn trd @@B- Rodbhehb]kkx)
vgdm edl]kdr odqbdhudc ] rhlhk]qhsx adsvddm sgdlrdkudr
]mc dhsgdq ] l]kd nq ] edl]kd vgn trdc @@B) sgdhq ]ssh,
stcdr vdqd dmg]mbdc e]unq]akx- Enq l]kdr) gnvdudq) odq,
bdhudc rhlhk]qhsx dmg]mbdc sgdhq ]sshstcdr snv]qc ] l]kd
vgn trdc @@B) ats v]r kdrr khjdkx sn dmg]mbd sgdhq ]ssh,
stcdr snv]qc ] edl]kd vgn trdc @@B- Hs hr tmjmnvm vg]s
sgd rodbhehb deedbs hr) gnvdudq) ne sgd fdmcdq ne sgd khrsdmdq
nm ]cnkdrbdmsr ]sshstcdr snv]qc oddqr vgn trd @@B-
@mnsgdq u]qh]akd ne bnmbdqm hr gnv kdudk ne e]lhkh]q,
hsx vhsg hmchuhct]kr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr hmektdmbdr ]ssh,
stcdr snv]qc sgnrd vgn trd @@B- Rstchdr ne bghkcqdm r
]mc ]ctksr ]sshstcdr snv]qc oddqr vgn trd @@B hmchb]sd
sg]s hmchuhct]kr vgn ]qd lnqd e]lhkh]q vhsg odnokd vhsg
chr]ahkhshdr sdmc sn gnkc lnqd onrhshud ]sshstcdr snv]qc
sgdl sg]m cn sgnrd vgn ]qd kdrr e]lhkh]q &Adbj ds ]k-)
1//1: Adbj % Cdmmhr) 0885: Adbj) Eqhsy) ds ]k-) 1///:
Adbj) Jhmfratqx) ds ]k-) 1///: Adcqnrh]m ds ]k-) 0881:
Aknbjadqfdq ds ]k-) 0882: Ctcdj ds ]k-) 1//5: Fnqdmekn %
Fnqdmekn) 0880: Gn]f % Adcqnrh]m) 0881(- Gnvdudq) nsgdq
qdbdms qdrd]qbg rstchdr hmchb]sd sg]s ] l]inq oqnakdl ne
hmbktrhud dctb]shnm hr sgd ]bbdos]mbd ne bghkcqdm vhsg chr,
]ahkhshdr &LbCntf]kk ds ]k-) 1//3: Mnvhbjh % R]mchdrnm)
1//1(- Sgtr) hs bnmshmtdr sn ad hlonqs]ms sn cdsdqlhmd
sgd etkk deedbsr ne e]lhkh]qhsx nm ]sshstcdr ]mc ]bbdos]mbd ne
hmchuhct]kr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr- Etqsgdqlnqd) ]kk ne sgd xntmf
]cnkdrbdmsr hm Khkhdmedkc ]mc @k]ms r &1//1( rstcx ]s,
sdmcdc rbgnnk vgdqd mn bghkcqdm vhsg chr]ahkhshdr vdqd hm,
bktcdc) rn sgd hmektdmbd ne kdudk ne e]lhkh]qhsx nm ]cnkdrbdmsr
]sshstcdr snv]qc sgdhq oddqr vgn trd @@B hr mns jmnvm-
Sgd otqonrd ne sgd btqqdms qdrd]qbg v]r svnenkc-
Sgd ehqrs otqonrd) Rstcx 0) v]r sn cdudkno ]mc mnql ]
rb]kd) sgd @rrdrrldms ne @sshstcdr Snv]qc @tfldms],
shud ]mc @ksdqm]shud Bnlltmhb]shnm…Rdbnmc]qx Enql
&@@S@@B“1() sn ld]rtqd sgd ]sshstcdr ne ]cnkdrbdmsr
snv]qc sgdhq oddqr vgn trd @@B- Cdrohsd sgd e]bs sg]s
Khkhdmedkc ]mc @k]ms &1//1( cdudknodc sgd B@C@P sn
]rrdrr ]cnkdrbdmsr ]sshstcdr snv]qc ] oddq vgn trdr
@@B) rdudq]k e]bsnqr khlhs sgd fdmdq]k trdetkmdrr ne sghr
rb]kd- Ehqrs) hs v]r mnqldc enq bghkcqdm ]fdr 00“02) rn
] rb]kd v]r mddcdc sg]s vntkc ]rrdrr sgd ]sshstcdr ne
rstcdmsr sgqntfg ghfg rbgnnk- @cchshnm]kkx) ]r Mnvhbjh
]mc R]mchdrnm &1//1( hmchb]sdc) ’Bnmshmtdc qdrd]qbg hr
qdpthqdc sn bnloqdgdmrhudkx ]ccqdrr onsdmsh]k hmektdmb,
hmf e]bsnqr vhsg orxbgnldsqhb]kkx rntmc ld]rtqdr ]c,
lhmhrsdqdc sgqntfgnts sgd bghkcgnnc xd]qr– &o- 151(-
Cdudknohmf ] rb]kd vhsg rdudq]k enqlr sg]s bntkc ad trdc
vhsg bghkcqdm eqnl fq]cd rbgnnk ]fd sgqntfg ghfg rbgnnk
vntkc ]kknv sgd bnkkdbshnm ne rtbg c]s]- Rdbnmc) sgd hsdlr
hm sgd B@C@P trd sgd m]ld ne ] rodbhehb rstcdms vgn
trdc @@B- Enq dw]lokd) nmd hsdl qd]cr) ’@k]m snnj
]m ]bshud o]qs hm sgd bnmudqr]shnm– & Khkhdmedkc % @k]ms)
o- 0//(- Sgdqdenqd) sghr rb]kd v]r mnqldc hm rtbg ] l]m,
mdq sg]s o]qshbho]msr vdqd oqdchronrdc sn qdronmc ]r
sgqntfg sgd odqrnm vgn v]r trhmf sgd @@B sdbgmhptdr
v]r ] l]kd- @ rb]kd sg]s trdr lnqd fdmdq]k sdqlr rtbg
]r ’] rstcdms vgn trdr @@B– bntkc ad trdc sn ]ccqdrr
sgd ]sshstcdr ne oddqr snv]qc nsgdq rstcdmsr vgn trd
@@B qdf]qckdrr ne sgdhq fdmcdq-
Sgd rdbnmc otqonrd) Rstcx 1) v]r sn tshkhyd sghr rb]kd
sn hmudrshf]sd dkdldmsr ne ghfg rbgnnk rstcdmsr ]sshstcdr
snv]qc oddqr vgn trd @@B- Sgd rodbhehb ptdrshnmr ]rjdc
vdqd ]r enkknvr9
0- Gnv cndr sgd trd ne ]m @@B cduhbd vhsg ] cxm]lhb
sntbg rbqddm udqrtr ] rs]shb sntbg rbqddm hmektdmbd
]cnkdrbdmsr ]sshstcdr snv]qc sgdhq oddqr vgn trd
@@B=
1- Hr sgdqd ] cheedqdmsh]k deedbs ne fdmcdq nm ]sshstcdr
vgdm fdmcdq ne khrsdmdq ]mc @@B trdq ]qd sgd r]ld
udqrtr vgdm sgdx ]qd sgd noonrhsd=
2- Gnv cndr kdudk ne e]lhkh]qhsx vhsg hmchuhct]kr vhsg
chr]ahkhshdr hmektdmbd ]cnkdrbdmsr ]sshstcdr snv]qc
sgdhq oddqr vgn trd @@B=
Rstcw
Kdsgnc
NVpsgbgoVmsr
@ bqnrr,rdbshnm ne lhcckd ]mc ghfg rbgnnk“]fdc rst,
cdmsr rdqudc ]r o]qshbho]msr- Adb]trd sgd @@S@@B b]m
Adbi ds Yk,7 .cnidradlsr .sshstcdr SnuWpc Nddpr Ugn Trd ..A 464
ad trdc vhsg bghkcqdm hm 5sg fq]cd) sgd d]qkhdrs fq]cd
kdudk eqnl vghbg o]qshbho]msr enq sgd btqqdms rstcx vdqd
cq]vm v]r 6sg fq]cd- Sgd qdl]hmhmf o]qshbho]msr vdqd
rdkdbsdc eqnl Fq]cdr 8 ]mc 00 enq ] sns]k ne 083 o]q,
shbho]msr- Sgdrd rstcdmsr ]ssdmcdc dhsgdq nmd ne svn
rtatqa]m ghfg rbgnnkr nq nmd ne svn rtatqa]m lhcckd
rbgnnkr hm bdmsq]k Hkkhmnhr- Rstcdmsr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr ]s,
sdmcdc ]kk entq rbgnnkr- Sghqsx,dhfgs ne sgd o]qshbho]msr
vdqd hm 6sg fq]cd &07 l]kdr) 1/ edl]kdr() 72 vdqd hm 8sg
fq]cd &33 l]kdr) 28 edl]kdr() ]mc 62 vdqd hm 00sg fq]cd
&22 l]kdr) 3/ edl]kdr(- @r cdrbqhadc hm sgd tobnlhmf
Npnbdctpd rdbshnm) o]qshbho]msr vdqd ]rjdc sn qdronmc
hm vqhshmf sn svn ptdrshnmr qdf]qchmf sgdhq e]lhkh]qhsx
vhsg odnokd vhsg chr]ahkhshdr- @mrvdqr sn sgdrd ptdrshnmr
vdqd mns trdc ]r rdkdbshnm bqhsdqh]) ats q]sgdq ]r ] ld]mr
sn cdrbqhad rstcdmsr- Sgnrd vgn qdronmcdc onrhshudkx sn
nmd nq ansg ne sgd ptdrshnmr vdqd bnmrhcdqdc ’e]lhkh]q–
vhsg odnokd vhsg chr]ahkhshdr: sgnrd vgn ]mrvdqdc mn sn
ansg ptdrshnmr vdqd bnmrhcdqdc ’kdrr e]lhkh]q-– Svdmsx,
mhmd ne sgd rstcdmsr hm 6sg fq]cd &02 l]kdr) 05 edl]kdr()
25 ne sgd rstcdmsr hm 8sg fq]cd &06 l]kdr) 08 edl]kdr()
]mc 23 ne sgd rstcdmsr hm 00sg fq]cd &05 l]kdr) 07 edl]kdr(
vdqd bnmrhcdqdc sn ad ’e]lhkh]q-– Mhmd ne sgd rstcdmsr
hm 6sg fq]cd &4 l]kdr) 3 edl]kdr() 36 ne sgd rstcdmsr hm
8sg fq]cd &16 l]kdr) 1/ edl]kdr() ]mc 28 ne sgd rstcdmsr
hm 00sg fq]cd &06 l]kdr) 11 edl]kdr( vdqd bnmrhcdqdc sn
ad ’kdrr e]lhkh]q-–
IVsdpgVir
LdYrtpdldms rbYkd- Sgd @@S@@B“1 v]r cdudknodc sn
ld]rtqd sgd ]sshstcdr ne rstcdmsr hm Fq]cdr 6“01 snv]qc
oddqr vgn trd @@B- Sgd hsdlr enq sghr rb]kd vdqd rdkdbsdc
ax sgd ehqrs ]mc entqsg ]tsgnqr a]rdc nm ] qduhdv ne sgd
khsdq]stqd ]mc nm lnchehb]shnmr ne sgd @rrdrrldms ne @s,
shstcdr Snv]qc @tfldms]shud ]mc @ksdqm]shud Bnllt,
mhb]shnm &@@S@@B: Adbj) Eqhsy) ds ]k-) 1///( ]mc ne sgd
Oqnedrrhnm]kr @sshstcdr Qdf]qchmf Bghkcqdm vgn Bnl,
ltmhb]sd @tfldms]shudkx & O@QBB@: Adbj ds ]k-) 1//0(-
Sghr oqnbdrr qdrtksdc hm rnld ne sgd hsdlr adhmf fdm,
dq]sdc eqnl rbq]sbg) ]mc nsgdqr adhmf rdkdbsdc chqdbskx
eqnl sgd @@S@@B ]mc sgd O@QBB@ ats lnchehdc sn l]jd
sgdl ]ooqnoqh]sd enq ]cnkdrbdms rstcdmsr-
Sgd @@S@@B v]r mnqldc nm ] r]lokd ne 063 bghk,
cqdm hm Fq]cdr 0) 2) ]mc 4 &Adbj) Eqhsy) ds ]k-) 1///(- @kog]
bndeehbhdmsr vdqd b]kbtk]sdc sn cdsdqlhmd sgd hmsdqm]k
bnmrhrsdmbx ne sgd rb]kd hsdlr nudq]kk ]mc vdqd entmc sn
ad ]bbdos]akd9 ehqrs fq]cdqr) < -67: sghqc fq]cdqr) <
-81: ]mc ehesg fq]cdqr) < -84- Hm mn b]rd vntkc cdkdshnm ne
] o]qshbtk]q hsdl g]ud rhfmhehb]mskx bg]mfdc bndeehbhdms
]kog]- Sdrs“qdsdrs qdkh]ahkhsx v]r drs]akhrgdc vhsg ] r]l,
okd ne 41 bghkcqdm &08 ehqrs fq]cdqr) 10 sghqc fq]cdqr) ]mc
01 ehesg fq]cdqr(- Nmd vddj rdo]q]sdc svn @@S@@B ]c,
lhmhrsq]shnmr- Sdrs“qdsdrs qdkh]ahkhsx enq ]kk 41 v]r fnnc9
Od]qrnm bnqqdk]shnm bndeehbhdms < -68- Rod]ql]m r qgn
465 HntplWi ne Roddag JWlftWfd Wlc FdWphlf PdrdWpag Unk- 42
bndeehbhdmsr enq d]bg fq]cd vdqd ]krn ]bbdos]akd9 -64) -64)
]mc -76 enq bghkcqdm hm ehqrs) sghqc) ]mc ehesg fq]cdr) qdrodb,
shudkx- Bnmbtqqdms u]khchsx enq sgd @@S@@B v]r drs]akhrgdc
ax g]uhmf 42 ehesg fq]cd rstcdmsr s]jd) hm bntmsdqa]k]mbdc
nqcdq) sgd @@S@@B ]mc sgd Bgdcnjd LbL]rsdqr @ssh,
stcdr Snv]qc Bghkcqdm vhsg G]mchb]or &B@SBG( Rb]kd)
] rb]kd sg]s v]r oqduhntrkx u]khc]sdc ]r ] ld]rtqd ne sgd
]sshstcdr ne bghkcqdm hm Fq]cdr 4“7 snv]qc sgdhq oddqr vhsg
chr]ahkhshdr &Qnrdma]tl) @qlrsqnmf) % Jhmf) 0875(- Sgd
Od]qrnm bnqqdk]shnm bndeehbhdms adsvddm sgd @@S@@B ]mc
sgd B@SBG v]r -77- Bnmrsqtbs u]khchsx v]r drs]akhrgdc
sgqntfg sgdnqx oqdchbshnm- Qdrtksr ne oqduhntr qdrd]qbg
hmchb]sd sg]s fhqkr g]ud lnqd onrhshud ]sshstcdr snv]qc
bghkcqdm vhsg chr]ahkhshdr sg]m cn anxr &Adbj % Cdmmhr)
0885: Aknbjadqfdq ds ]k-) 0882: Qnrdma]tl ds ]k-) 0875(-
Bnmrhrsdms vhsg sgd oqdchbshnm) ld]m @@S@@B rbnqdr vdqd
rhfmhehb]mskx ghfgdq enq fhqkr-
Sgd O@QBB@ &Adbj ds ]k-) 1//0( v]r mnqldc nm 178
bnkkdfd rstcdmsr9 74 vdqd dhsgdq rdmhnq kdudk tmcdqfq]c,
t]sdr nq l]rsdq r kdudk fq]ct]sd rstcdmsr hm roddbg
o]sgnknfx nq ]tchnknfx ]mc vdqd bnmrhcdqdc ]cu]mbdc
kdudk rstcdmsr) ]mc 1/3 vdqd tmcdqfq]ct]sd rstcdmsr
dmqnkkdc hm ]m hmsqnctbsnqx kdudk roddbg o]sgnknfx bntqrd
]mc vdqd bnmrhcdqdc hmsqnctbsnqx kdudk rstcdmsr- Sdrs“
qdsdrs qdkh]ahkhsx v]r cdsdqlhmdc enq sgd 1/3 hmsqnctbsnqx
kdudk rstcdmsr ax b]kbtk]shmf ] Od]qrnm bnqqdk]shnm bn,
deehbhdms enq sgdhq ehqrs ]mc rdbnmc O@QBB@ rbnqdr- Sgd
Od]qrnm bnqqdk]shnm bndeehbhdms v]r -60) rhfmhehb]ms ]s
o ; -/0 &svn,s]hkdc(- Hmsdqm]k bnmrhrsdmbx v]r cdsdqlhmdc
ax b]kbtk]shmf ]m ]kog] bndeehbhdms enq ansg sgd ]cu]mbdc
kdudk fqnto ]mc sgd ehqrs O@QBB@ rbnqdr enq sgd hm,
sqnctbsnqx kdudk fqnto- Bndeehbhdms ]kog] v]r -78 ]mc -8/
enq sgd ]cu]mbdc kdudk rstcdmsr ]mc sgd hmsqnctbsnqx kdudk
rstcdmsr) qdrodbshudkx- Hm mdhsgdq fqnto vntkc nlhsshmf
]m hsdl g]ud rhfmhehb]mskx bg]mfdc bndeehbhdms ]kog]- Bnm,
rsqtbs u]khchsx v]r cdsdqlhmdc sgqntfg sgdnqx oqdchb,
shnm- @m hmcdodmcdms s sdrs v]r b]kbtk]sdc adsvddm sgd
ld]m O@QBB@ rbnqdr ne sgd 70 roddbg o]sgnknfx ]mc
]tchnknfx l]inqr hm sgd ]cu]mbdc kdudk fqnto vgn hm,
chb]sdc sg]s sgdx g]c vnqjdc vhsg nq hmsdq]bsdc vhsg
bghkcqdm vhsg chr]ahkhshdr ]mc ne 7/ rstcdmsr eqnl sgd hm,
sqnctbsnqx fqnto vgn g]c rodbhehdc sg]s sgdx vdqd rodbh]k
dctb]shnm nq qdftk]q dctb]shnm l]inqr ats sg]s sgdx g]c
mdudq vnqjdc vhsg ] bghkc vgn trdc @@B ]mc vgn vdqd
dhsgdq eqdrgldm) rnognlnqdr) nq itmhnqr- Qdrtksr ne sghr
]m]kxrhr hmchb]sdc sg]s s&048( < 2-126 v]r rhfmhehb]ms ]s
o ; -//0 &svn,s]hkdc(- Sgd ld]m O@QBB@ rbnqd enq ]c,
u]mbdc rstcdmsr v]r ghfgdq sg]m sg]s ne ] rtards nmd ne
sgd hmsqnctbsnqx kdudk rstcdmsr hmchb]shmf sg]s) ]r vntkc
ad dwodbsdc) hmchuhct]kr vhsg fqd]sdq sq]hmhmf hm bnllt,
mhb]shnm chrnqcdqr ]mc lnqd dwodqhdmbd vhsg @@B dw,
oqdrrdc lnqd onrhshud ]sshstcdr snv]qc bghkcqdm vgn trdc
@@B sg]m chc sgnrd vhsg kdrr sq]hmhmf ]mc dwodqhdmbd-
Sgd nqhfhm]k @@S@@B“1 hsdlr vdqd bgnrdm sn qdekdbs
sgd bnfmhshud) adg]uhnq]k) ]mc ]eedbshud bnlonmdmsr ne
461’476 Itmd 1/0/
]sshstcd ]r vdkk ]r odqbdoshnmr ne sgd bnlltmhb]shud bnl,
odsdmbd ne @@B trdqr- Sn dmrtqd sg]s sgd vnqchmf ne sgd
hsdlr v]r ]ooqnoqh]sd enq ]cnkdrbdms rstcdmsr) hsdlr
vdqd qduhrdc nq nlhssdc a]rdc nm ] qduhdv ax nmd sd]bgdq
]s d]bg fq]cd9 Fq]cdr 6“01- Sn drs]akhrg bnmsdms u]khchsx)
sgd qduhrdc hsdlr vdqd fhudm sn sgqdd roddbg,k]mft]fd
o]sgnknfhrsr &RKOr() d]bg ne vgnl g]c ]s kd]rs 0/ xd]qr ne
dwodqhdmbd vnqjhmf hm sgd rbgnnkr vhsg rstcdmsr vgn trd
@@B- Sgd RKOr hmcdodmcdmskx qduhdvdc sgd hsdlr ]mc
hmchb]sdc he sgdx adkhdudc sgd hsdlr ]bbtq]sdkx ld]rtqdc
]sshstcdr snv]qc ]m hmchuhct]k vgn trdr @@B ]mc) he rn)
vg]s ]rodbs &h-d-) bnfmhshud) ]eedbshud) ]mc adg]uhnq]k( ne
]sshstcd d]bg hsdl ld]rtqdc nq vgdsgdq hs ld]rtqdc
bnlltmhb]shud bnlodsdmbx- Nmkx hsdlr sg]s ]kk RKOr
]fqddc tonm vdqd hmbktcdc hm sgd @@S@@B“1-
Sgd ehm]k udqrhnm ne sgd @@S@@B“1 hmbktcdr 22 hsdlr-
Svdmsx,nmd hsdlr ]qd onrhshudkx vnqcdc) ]mc 01 ]qd mdf,
]shudkx vnqcdc- Lnqd hsdlr ]qd onrhshudkx vnqcdc sg]m
mdf]shudkx vnqcdc sn lhmhlhyd sgd mtladq ne hsdlr sg]s
bntkc onsdmsh]kkx ad odqbdhudc ]r cdqnf]snqx snv]qc hmch,
uhct]kr vgn trd @@B ]mc sg]s bntkc hm]cudqsdmskx hmrshkk
hm o]qshbho]msr oqduhntrkx tmqd]khydc mdf]shud odqbdoshnmr
ne hmchuhct]kr vgn trd @@B-
Ne sgd 10 onrhshudkx vnqcdc hsdlr) 2 qdekdbs bnfmhshud
]rodbsr ne ]sshstcd) 3 qdekdbs ]eedbshud bnlonmdmsr) 7 qdekdbs
adg]uhnq]k bnlonmdmsr) ]mc 5 qdekdbs odqbdoshnmr ne bnl,
ltmhb]shud bnlodsdmbd- Ne sgd 01 mdf]shudkx vnqcdc
hsdlr) 2 qdekdbs bnfmhshud ]rodbsr ne ]sshstcd) 3 qdekdbs
]eedbshud bnlonmdmsr) ]mc 4 qdekdbs odqbdoshnmr ne bnl,
ltmhb]shud bnlodsdmbd- &Rdd @oodmchw @ enq rb]kd hsdlr-(
Hsdlr ]qd q]mcnlkx nqcdqdc sgqntfgnts sgd rb]kd sn cd,
bqd]rd sgd khjdkhgnnc ne qdronmrd ah]r-
ThcdnsYodr- Onqshnmr ne entq bnlldqbh]kkx oqnctbdc
uhcdnr vdqd tshkhydc adb]trd sgdx vdqd ne oqnedrrhnm]k
pt]khsx ]mc qd]chkx ]u]hk]akd- @cchshnm]kkx) sgd onqshnmr
rdkdbsdc oqnuhcdc dw]lokdr ne ]cnkdrbdmsr trhmf @@B
]ooqnoqh]sdkx ]mc vdqd rodbhehb]kkx bgnrdm hm nqcdq sn
e]lhkh]qhyd o]qshbho]msr vhsg ] q]mfd ne @@B rxrsdlr) sn
cdlnmrsq]sd sg]s hmchuhct]kr vgn trd @@B g]ud ] u]q,
hdsx ne chr]ahkhshdr) ]mc sn rgnv @@B adhmf trdc hm ]
q]mfd ne bnmudqr]shnm]k rhst]shnmr- @ rbqhos cdrbqhahmf
vg]s v]r rgnvm nm d]bg uhcdn rdkdbshnm v]r qd]c adenqd
sgd oqdrdms]shnm ne d]bg uhcdn- Sgd uhcdn rdkdbshnmr rgnvdc
dw]lokdr ne rstcdmsr trhmf ] bnlltmhb]shnm an]qc)
lhc,q]mfd @@B sdbgmnknfx cduhbdr) ]mc ghfg,sdbgmnknfx
@@B cduhbdr- Sgd ehqrs rdkdbshnm ed]stqdc ] rstcdms trhmf
] bnlltmhb]shnm an]qc &@AB Oqnctbshnmr) 1//1: 2928“
3908(- Sgd mdws svn uhcdn rdkdbshnmr d]bg rgnvdc ] rstcdms
trhmf ] lhc,q]mfd sdbgmnknfx cduhbd &E]tw % A]xkdr) 1///:
3/947“3094/: Oqdmsjd Qnlhbg Bnlo]mx) m-c-: 8920“0/9/5(-
Sgd ehm]k uhcdn rdkdbshnm rgnvdc svn rstcdmsr trhmf ghfg,
sdbgmnknfx cduhbdr &Cxm]unw) m-c-: 5937“6906(- Ne sgd ehud
rstcdmsr rgnvm nm sgd uhcdnr) svn ]ood]q sn g]ud bnf,
mhshud hlo]hqldmsr ]mc sgqdd g]ud ogxrhb]k chr]ahkhshdr-
Entq ]cnkdrbdmsr hm sgd uhcdnr ]qd l]kdr) ]mc nmd hr ]
edl]kd- Svn rstcdmsr ]qd rgnvm hm sgdq]ox vhsg sgdhq
RKOr) nmd hr rgnvm bnmudqrhmf vhsg ]m ]ctks vhsg sgd
gdko ne ghr rhrsdq) ]mc svn ]qd rgnvm bnlltmhb]shmf vhsg
] fqnto ne rstcdmsr vhsg mn uhrhakx ]oo]qdms chr]ahkhshdr-
Npnbdctpd
C]s] vdqd bnkkdbsdc hm qnnlr vhsghm sgd rstcdmsr
rbgnnkr &d-f-) ] bk]rrqnnl) rbgnnk khaq]qx(- @@S@@B“1r
vdqd chrsqhatsdc) ]mc o]qshbho]msr vdqd hmrsqtbsdc sn
stqm sn sgd ehqrs o]fd sg]s bnms]hmdc cdlnfq]oghb hmenq,
l]shnm &h-d-) ehqrs m]ld) rbgnnk) fq]cd) fdmcdq) ]mc c]sd(
]mc ptdrshnmr qdf]qchmf e]lhkh]qhsx vhsg odnokd vhsg
chr]ahkhshdr &h-d-) Cn xnt g]ud ] eqhdmc vgn g]r ] chr,
]ahkhsx= G]ud xnt ronjdm sn nq hmsdq]bsdc vhsg ] odqrnm
vgn g]r ] chr]ahkhsx hm sgd o]rs lnmsg=(- Chr]ahkhshdr
vdqd cdehmdc nm sgd ehqrs o]fd ne sgd @@S@@B“1 ]r ’rnld,
sghmf sg]s cndr mns ]kknv ]m hmchuhct]k sn cn sghmfr khjd
xnt cn) rtbg ]r v]kj nq s]kj- Tmkhjd ] aqnjdm ]ql) vghbg
dudmst]kkx fdsr adssdq) ] chr]ahkhsx hr knmf,sdql–- Sgd ehqrs
o]fd ]krn bnms]hmdc hmrsqtbshnmr enq bnlokdshmf sgd qd,
l]hmcdq ne sgd rb]kd-
O]qshbho]msr vdqd snkc sn bnlokdsd hsdlr nm sgd ehqrs
o]fd ]mc sn mns stqm sgd o]fd tmshk ]esdq uhdvhmf sgd
uhcdn rdkdbshnmr- Adenqd rgnvhmf ] uhcdn rdkdbshnm sn o]q,
shbho]msr) qdrd]qbgdqr qd]c sgd rbqhosdc cdrbqhoshnm ne
sgd uhcdn rn sg]s sgd o]qshbho]msr jmdv vg]s sgdx vntkc
ad uhdvhmf- Sghr oqnbdctqd v]r qdod]sdc enq ]kk ne sgd
o]qshbho]msr rn sg]s d]bg o]qshbho]ms r]v d]bg uhcdn bkho
svhbd- @esdq uhcdn rdkdbshnmr vdqd rgnvm) rbqhosdc hmrsqtb,
shnmr vdqd qd]c sg]s chqdbsdc o]qshbho]msr ]ssdmshnm sn sgd
oqhmsdc chqdbshnmr enq bnlokdshmf sgd rb]kd- @esdq qdbdhuhmf
hmrsqtbshnmr) o]qshbho]msr vdqd ]rjdc sn stqm sn sgd rdbnmc
o]fd ne sgd rb]kd ]mc sn bnlokdsd hs hmcdodmcdmskx-
Sn drs]akhrg bnmbtqqdms u]khchsx) bghkcqdm hm rdudmsg
fq]cd bnlokdsdc sgd B@SBG &Qnrdma]tl ds ]k-) 0875( ]r
vdkk ]r sgd @@S@@B“1- Nmkx o]qshbho]msr hm rdudmsg fq]cd
bnlokdsdc sgd B@SBG adb]trd hs v]r u]khc]sdc nm ehesg
sgqntfg dhfgsg fq]cd rstcdmsr) ]mc mns nm ghfg rbgnnk rst,
cdmsr- Sgd nqcdq hm vghbg sgd @@S@@B“1 ]mc sgd B@SBG
vdqd oqdrdmsdc sn sgd o]qshbho]msr v]r bntmsdqa]k]mbdc-
Sn drs]akhrg sdrs“qdsdrs qdkh]ahkhsx) ] rhlhk]q oqnbd,
ctqd v]r qdod]sdc 0 vddj ]esdq sgd hmhsh]k oqnbdctqd vhsg
]kk ne sgd rstcdmsr eqnl nmd ne sgd lhcckd rbgnnkr ]mc eqnl
nmd ne sgd ghfg rbgnnkr vgn g]c addm hm ]ssdmc]mbd nm sgd
ehqrs sdrshmf c]x &h-d-) 0/ rstcdmsr hm 6sg fq]cd) 0/ hm 8sg
fq]cd) ]mc 01 hm 00sg fq]cd(- Sgd nmkx cheedqdmbd v]r sg]s
rstcdmsr hm 6sg fq]cd bnlokdsdc nmkx sgd @@S@@B“1
ctqhmf sgd qdod]s oqnbdctqd-
CVsV 2mVixrgr
O]qshbho]msr vdqd ]rjdc sn q]sd d]bg @@S@@B“1
hsdl trhmf ] 4,onhms rb]kd- Enq onrhshudkx vnqcdc hsdlr9
Adbi ds Yk,7 .cnidradlsr .sshstcdr SnuWpc Nddpr Ugn Trd ..A 466
0 &rspnmfkx chrYfpdd() 1 &chrYfpdd() 2 &bYm s cdbhcd() 3 &Yfpdd()
4 &rspnmfkx Yfpdd(- Rbnqhmf v]r qdudqrdc enq mdf]shudkx
vnqcdc hsdlr- Ld]m rbnqdr vdqd bnlotsdc enq d]bg o]qshb,
ho]ms: sgd bknrdq sghr rbnqd b]ld sn 4) sgd lnqd onrhshud sgd
o]qshbho]ms r nudq]kk rdke,qdonqsdc ]sshstcd rbnqd- Hm ]b,
bnqc]mbd vhsg Qnrdma]tl ds ]k- r &0875( chqdbshnmr) sgd
B@SBG v]r rbnqdc hm sgd r]ld l]mmdq ]r sgd @@S@@B“1-
Hmsdqm]k bnmrhrsdmbx) ]m hmcdw ne qdkh]ahkhsx sg]s
hmchb]sdr gnlnfdmdhsx ne sdrs hsdlr qdk]shud sn nudq]kk
odqenql]mbd nm sgd sdrs &Rbgh]udssh % Ldsy) 0886() v]r
cdsdqlhmdc ax b]kbtk]shmf bndeehbhdms ]kog] enq sgd ld]m
@@S@@B“1 rbnqdr ne ]kk rstcdmsr ]mc enq sgd ld]m rbnqdr
ne rstcdmsr hm d]bg fq]cd9 6sg) 8sg) ]mc 00sg- @ Od]qrnm
bnqqdk]shnm bndeehbhdms v]r b]kbtk]sdc sn cdsdqlhmd sgd bnm,
btqqdms u]khchsx adsvddm sgd @@S@@B“1 ]mc sgd B@SBG-
@cchshnm]kkx) enq sgd dmshqd fqnto ne rstcdmsr vgn snnj sgd
@@S@@B“1 svhbd) sdrs“qdsdrs qdkh]ahkhsx v]r cdsdqlhmdc
ax b]kbtk]shmf ] Od]qrnm bnqqdk]shnm bndeehbhdms- Adb]trd
sgd r]lokd rhyd enq rstcdmsr hm 6sg) 8sg) ]mc 00sg fq]cdr
v]r kdrr sg]m 14) Rod]ql]m q]mj nqcdq bnqqdk]shnm bnde,
ehbhdmsr vdqd b]kbtk]sdc sn cdsdqlhmd sdrs“qdsdrs qdkh]ahkhsx
enq rstcdmsr ]s d]bg fq]cd kdudk &Rbgh]udssh % Ldsy) 0886(-
Ehm]kkx) bnmrsqtbs u]khchsx hr sgd dwsdms sn vghbg ] rb]kd
ld]rtqdr sgd sgdnqdshb]k bnmbdos ne hmsdqdrs &Rbgh]udssh %
Ldsy) 0886(- Enq sgd @@S@@B“1) oqduhntr qdrd]qbg oqd,
chbsdc sg]s fhqkr vntkc g]ud lnqd onrhshud ]sshstcdr sn,
v]qc sgdhq oddqr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr sg]m anxr &Adbj %
Cdmmhr) 0885: Adbj) Eqhsy) ds ]k-) 1///: Aknbjadqfdq ds ]k-)
0882: Qnrdma]tl ds ]k-) 0875() ]mc sg]s rstcdmsr vgn ]qd
e]lhkh]q vhsg oddqr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr vntkc g]ud lnqd onr,
hshud ]sshstcdr snv]qc hmchuhct]kr vgn trd @@B sg]m rst,
cdmsr vgn ]qd kdrr e]lhkh]q &Adbj % Cdmmhr) 0885: Adbj)
Eqhsy) ds ]k-) 1///: Aknbjadqfdq ds ]k-) 0882: Qnrdma]tl
ds ]k-) 0875(- Bnmrsqtbs u]khchsx ne sgd @@S@@B“1 v]r
sdrsdc ax b]kbtk]shmf ] 1 &fdmcdq( × 1 &e]lhkh]qhsx( × 2 &fq]cd(
]m]kxrhr ne u]qh]mbd &@MNU@( vhsg < -/4) trhmf ld]m
@@S@@B“1 rbnqdr ]r sgd cdodmcdms u]qh]akd-
Pdrtksr
PdigVagigsx
@kog] bndeehbhdmsr vdqd b]kbtk]sdc sn cdsdqlhmd
hmsdqm]k bnmrhrsdmbx- Enq sgd @@S@@B“1 nudq]kk) bndeeh,
bhdms ]kog] v]r -75- Sgd ]kog] kdudk enq o]qshbho]msr hm
sgd 6sg fq]cd v]r -75) hm sgd 8sg fq]cd v]r -76) ]mc hm
sgd 00sg fq]cd v]r -8/- @kk ne sgdrd dwbddc sgd ]bbdos]akd
kdudk ne -7/ enq bndeehbhdms ]kog]- Etqsgdq ]m]kxrhr ne sgd
hmchuhct]k rb]kd hsdlr qdud]kdc sg]s cdkdshnm ne ]mx o]q,
shbtk]q hsdl vntkc mns g]ud g]c ] rhfmhehb]ms deedbs nm
bndeehbhdms ]kog]-
Sgd Od]qrnm bnqqdk]shnm bndeehbhdms b]kbtk]sdc enq
sgd qdrtksr ne ]kk sgd o]qshbho]msr vgn snnj sgd @@S@@B“
1 svhbd v]r -71) rhfmhehb]ms ]s < -/0- Sgd Rod]ql]m q]mj
467 HntplWi ne Roddag JWlftWfd Wlc FdWphlf PdrdWpag Unk- 42
nqcdq bnqqdk]shnm bndeehbhdms enq o]qshbho]msr hm 6sg fq]cd
v]r -7/) enq sgnrd hm 8sg fq]cd v]r -7/) ]mc enq sgnrd hm
00sg fq]cd v]r -7/- @kk bndeehbhdmsr vdqd rhfmhehb]ms ]s <
-/0- Sgdrd bndeehbhdmsr ]kk lds nq dwbddcdc sgd ]bbdos]akd
kdudk ne -7/ ]mc) sgdqdenqd) hmchb]sd r]shre]bsnqx sdrs“
qdsdrs qdkh]ahkhsx enq sgd @@S@@B“1-
TVigcgsx
@m ]bbdos]akd kdudk ne bnmbtqqdms u]khchsx v]r drs]a,
khrgdc enq sgd @@S@@B“1 ax b]kbtk]shmf ] Od]qrnm bnqqdk],
shnm bndeehbhdms enq sgd ld]m rbnqdr ne sgd @@S@@B“1 ]mc
sgd B@SBG- Sgd qdrtks v]r p < -62) o < -/0-
Qdrtksr ne sgd 1 &fdmcdq( × 1 &e]lhkh]qhsx( × 2 &fq]cd
kdudk( @MNU@ vhsg ld]m @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr ]r sgd cd,
odmcdms u]qh]akd hmchb]sdc sg]s l]hm deedbsr ne fdmcdq)
E&0) 071( < 0/-241) o < -//1) ]mc e]lhkh]qhsx) E&0) 071( <
5-525) o < -/00) vdqd rhfmhehb]ms- Edl]kdr &L < 2-36) RC <
/-28( g]c ghfgdq rbnqdr sg]m l]kdr &L < 2-12) RC < /-30()
]mc rstcdmsr vgn vdqd e]lhkh]q vhsg hmchuhct]kr vhsg
chr]ahkhshdr &L < 2-32) RC < /-3/( g]c ghfgdq rbnqdr sg]m
sgnrd vgn vdqd kdrr rn &L < 2-16) RC < /-31(- Mn rhf,
mhehb]ms deedbs v]r entmc enq sgd l]hm deedbs ne fq]cd) ]mc
mn rhfmhehb]ms hmsdq]bshnm deedbsr vdqd entmc-
Bnmbitrgnmr
Sgd qdrtksr ne Rstcx 0 hmchb]sd sg]s sgd @@S@@B“1
g]r ]bbdos]akd kdudkr ne hmsdqm]k bnmrhrsdmbx) sdrs“qdsdrs
qdkh]ahkhsx) bnmbtqqdms u]khchsx) ]mc bnmrsqtbs u]khchsx- @c,
chshnm]kkx) enq sgd o]qshbho]msr ne sghr rstcx) mn cdudkno,
ldms]k sqdmcr vdqd entmc enq ]sshstchm]k qd]bshnmr ]lnmf
rstcdmsr hm 6sg) 8sg) ]mc 00sg fq]cdr-
Rstcw 1
Kdsgnc
NVpsgbgoVmsr
O]qshbho]msr &m < 025( vdqd rdkdbsdc eqnl svn otakhb
ghfg rbgnnkr hm bdmsq]k Hkkhmnhr) ansg ne vghbg hmbktcdc
rstcdmsr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr- Rdudmsx o]qshbho]msr vdqd
l]kd ]mc 55 vdqd edl]kd: 78 o]qshbho]msr ]ssdmcdc nmd
rbgnnk ]mc 36 ]ssdmcdc sgd nsgdq- Ne sgd 025 rstcdmsr) 15
vdqd 03 xd]qr nkc) 31 vdqd 04 xd]qr nkc) 3/ vdqd 05 xd]qr
nkc) 1/ vdqd 06 xd]qr nkc) ]mc 7 vdqd 07 xd]qr nkc- Sgd
ld]m ]fdr ne l]kd &04-52( ]mc edl]kd &04-41( o]qshbho]msr
vdqd mns rhfmhehb]mskx cheedqdms) s&023( < /-47) o < -45-
D]bg o]qshbho]ms r kdudk ne rdke,qdonqsdc e]lhkh]qhsx vhsg
hmchuhct]kr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr v]r nas]hmdc ctqhmf sgd dw,
odqhldms]k oqnbdctqd- S]akd 0 fhudr lnqd rodbhehb hmenq,
l]shnm nm o]qshbho]msr ]fdr ]mc fq]cdr-
461’476 Itmd 1/0/
SYakd 0, RtllYqx ne rstcdmsr cdlnfqYoghb hmenqlYshnm- etmbshnm]kkx ]mc g]c mn nsgdq chr]ahkhshdr- Sgd hlokhb],
shnm) gnvdudq) v]r sg]s sgd @@B trdq g]c ] bnlokdw
Fdmcdp %M : 023( SnsYk bnlltmhb]shnm mddc-
CdlnfpYoghbr KYkd %m : 6.( EdlYkd %m : 33( M BnmudprYshnm rbphos- Sgd r]ld bnmudqr]shnm]k rbqhos
&rdd @oodmchw A( v]r trdc ]bqnrr sgd dhfgs uhcdns]odr sn
?fd bnmsqnk enq sgd deedbs ne bnmudqr]shnm]k e]bsnqr- Sghr rbqhos
03 03 01 15 08-0 v]r bqd]sdc ax sgd qdrd]qbgdqr ]mc qduhdvdc ax svn
04 11 1/ 31 2/-8
sddm]fdqr &] 05,xd]q,nkc l]kd ]mc ] 05,xd]q,nkc edl]kd(
05 05 13 3/ 18-3
sn udqhex sg]s sgd bnmudqr]shnm v]r nmd sg]s bntkc ]b,
06 01 7 1/ 03-6
07 5 1 7 4-8
st]kkx nbbtq adsvddm svn sddm]fd oddqr- Sgd rbqhosdc
bnmudqr]shnm v]r bqd]sdc sn ad ]fd ]ooqnoqh]sd ]mc
SnsYk 6/ 55 025 0//-// fdmcdq mdtsq]k- Sn nas]hm rnbh]k u]khc]shnm) 5/ eqdrgl]m
?fd ldYm 04-52 04-41 04-46 kdudk bnkkdfd rstcdmsr vdqd ]rjdc sn q]sd sgd rbqhos ]mc
FqYcd
bnlldms nm vgdsgdq hs v]r ]ooqnoqh]sd enq ] sddm]fd
8 12 10 33 21-2 bnmudqr]shnm- Sgd rbqhos v]r ]ldmcdc a]rdc nm eddc,
0/ 12 13 36 23-5 a]bj eqnl sgdrd rstcdmsr- Sgd dchsdc rbqhos v]r trdc hm
00 02 07 20 11-7 ]kk uhcdnr- Ansg bnlltmhb]snqr hm d]bg uhcdn g]c ]m
01 00 2 03 0/-2 dpt]k mtladq ne bnmudqr]shnm]k stqmr &h-d-) mhmd stqmr
SnsYk 6/ 55 025 0//-//
d]bg(- Stqmr enq d]bg bnlltmhb]snq bnmrhrsdc ne fqdds,
hmfr) qdronmrdr) bnlldmsr) ptdrshnmr) ]mc hmhsh]shnmr-
::B cduhbdr- Hm sghr rstcx) sgd rs]shb sntbg rbqddm
IVsdpgVir cduhbd trdc v]r sgd Oqdmsjd Qnlhbg Bnlo]mx Cdks],
S]kjdq vhsg sgd CDB S]kj unhbd ne Odqedbs O]tk &l]kd
ThcdnsYodr- Dhfgs cheedqdms dwodqhldms]k uhcdnr vdqd unhbd( nq Ad]tshetk Adssx &edl]kd unhbd(- Sgd nmkx nudqk]x
cdudknodc: d]bg cdohbshmf nmd ne dhfgs dwodqhldms]k bnm, trdc v]r ] 21,knb]shnm bnknqdc ohbstqd nudqk]x oqnctbdc
chshnmr- Sgdrd bnmchshnmr vdqd bqd]sdc trhmf entq cheedq, vhsg An]qcl]jdq enq Vhmcnvr sn ad ]ooqnoqh]sd enq sgd
dms fdmcdq bnlahm]shnmr9 ] l]kd ]cnkdrbdms @@B trdq dmshqd bnmudqr]shnm]k rbqhos bqd]sdc enq sghr rstcx- Rhw
hmsdq]bshmf vhsg ] l]kd bnlltmhb]shnm o]qsmdq) ] l]kd ldrr]fdr vdqd ]bbdrrdc ax ]bshu]shmf 0 hbnm) dhfgs ax
]cnkdrbdms @@B trdq hmsdq]bshmf vhsg ] edl]kd bnllt, ]bshu]shmf 1 hbnmr) svn ax ]bshu]shmf 2 hbnmr) ]mc nmd ax
mhb]shnm o]qsmdq) ] edl]kd ]cnkdrbdms @@B trdq hmsdq, ]bshu]shmf 3 hbnmr- Mn ldrr]fd eddca]bj v]r oqnuhcdc)
]bshmf vhsg ] l]kd bnlltmhb]shnm o]qsmdq) ]mc ] edl]kd ]mc sgd dmshqd ldrr]fd v]r cdkhudqdc ]esdq ]kk hbnmr g]c
@@B trdq hmsdq]bshmf vhsg ] edl]kd bnlltmhb]shnm o]qs, addm ]bshu]sdc- Sgd @@B trdq ]bbdrrdc ] sns]k ne 30 hbnmr
mdq- D]bg ne sgdrd entq bnlahm]shnmr v]r sgdm qdbnqcdc sn oqnctbd mhmd stqmr hm qdronmchmf sn ]mc l]hms]hmhmf
svhbd9 nmbd vhsg sgd @@B trdq ]bbdrrhmf ] rs]shb sntbg sgd bnmudqr]shnm- Sgd sns]k kdmfsg ne sgd rs]shb sntbg
rbqddm @@B cduhbd) ]mc nmbd vhsg sgd @@B trdq ]bbdrr, rbqddm bnmudqr]shnm v]r 1 lhm ]mc 4 r-
hmf ] cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm @@B cduhbd…enq ] sns]k ne Sgd cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd trdc v]r Cxm]Unw
dhfgs bnmchshnmr- Rxrsdlr Cxm]Unw 20// vhsg sgd CDB S]kj unhbd ne Odq,
Hm d]bg uhcdn) sgd rbdmd rgnvm v]r sgd rbqddm ne sgd edbs O]tk &l]kd unhbd( nq Ad]tshetk Adssx &edl]kd unhbd(- @
@@B cduhbd ]mc nmkx sgd g]mc ]mc ]ql ne sgd @@B trdq- sns]k ne entq rbqddmr &sgqdd etkk o]fdr ]mc nmd ono,to(
Sgd o]qshbho]msr gd]qc sgd unhbd ne sgd bnlltmhb]shnm vdqd o]fd,khmjdc snfdsgdq rn sg]s sgd o]qshbho]msr na,
o]qsmdq ]mc sgd unhbd oqnctbdc ax sgd @@B cduhbd- Sghr rdqudc entq cheedqdms rbqddmr sg]s bg]mfdc cxm]lhb]kkx)
v]r cnmd hm nqcdq sn bnmsqnk enq onsdmsh]k bnmentmchmf fhudm rdkdbshnmr l]cd ax sgd @@B trdq- D]bg o]fd v]r
u]qh]akdr sg]s lhfgs hmektdmbd ]sshstcdr &d-f-) ]fd ne @@B oqnfq]lldc b]sdfnqhb]kkx &h-d-) gnld) bnlotsdq) rbgnnk)
trdq) ogxrhb]k ]ood]q]mbd ne @@B trdq ]mc bnlltmhb], ]mc SU(- @kk entq o]fdr bnms]hmdc o]fd khmjr) hbnmr) ]mc
shnm o]qsmdq( ]mc sn enbtr sgd o]qshbho]msr ]ssdmshnm nm bnll]mc atssnmr &h-d-) bkd]q) a]bjro]bd) cdkdsd vnqc) bknrd
sgd cduhbd trdc- Fdmcdq ne sgd @@B trdq v]r drs]akhrgdc ono,to(- Enq dw]lokd) sgd Gnld o]fd bnms]hmdc 3/ hbnmr
ax sgd ]ood]q]mbd ne ghr nq gdq g]mc ]mc ax sgd unhbd &]ooqnwhl]sdkx 0 hm- × 0z hm-() hmbktchmf 00 o]fd khmjr) entq
oqnctbdc ax sgd @@B cduhbd- Fdmcdq ne sgd bnlltmhb], bnll]mc atssnmr) ]mc 14 hbnmr trdc enq fqddshmf) fdm,
shnm o]qsmdq v]r drs]akhrgdc ax sgd rntmc ne ghr nq gdq dq]k bnlldmsr) ]mc bknrhmf bnmudqr]shnmr- Sgd Bnlotsdq
unhbd- Sn dmrtqd sg]s sgd rbqhos cdrbqhadc hm @oodmchw A o]fd bnms]hmdc 22 hbnmr qdk]sdc sn sgd bnlotsdq chr,
&rdd sghr ]oodmchw enq sgd bnmudqr]shnm rbqhos( v]r enk, btrrdc hm sgd rbqhos) 4 o]fd khmjr) ]mc sgqdd bnll]mc
knvdc ]r vqhssdm) ]mc sg]s qdronmrd q]sdr vdqd bnm, atssnmr- Hm sgd rbqhos oqnfq]lldc nm sgd Cxm]Unw) rhw
sqnkkdc ]bqnrr ]kk uhcdnr) d]bg hmchuhct]k hm sgd uhcdnr ldrr]fdr vdqd ]bbdrrdc ax ]bshu]shmf 0 hbnm) rhw ax ]bsh,
v]r ] bnkkdfd rstcdms vgn v]r) hm qd]khsx) ]akd sn rod]j u]shmf 1 hbnmr) sgqdd ax ]bshu]shmf 2 hbnmr) ]mc nmd ax

Adbi ds Yk,7 .cnidradlsr .sshstcdr SnuWpc Nddpr Ugn Trd ..A 468
]bshu]shmf 4 hbnmr- @r vhsg sgd rs]shb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd)
mn ldrr]fd eddca]bj v]r oqnuhcdc) ]mc sgd dmshqd ldr,
r]fd v]r cdkhudqdc ]esdq ]kk hbnmr vdqd ]bshu]sdc- Enqsx,
nmd hbnmr vdqd ]bbdrrdc ax sgd @@B trdq sn bnlltmhb]sd
sgd mhmd stqmr gd nq rgd snnj ctqhmf sgd dmshqd bnmudq,
r]shnm- Sgd sns]k kdmfsg ne sgd cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm bnm,
udqr]shnm v]r 1 lhm ]mc 04 r-
Enq ansg sgd rs]shb sntbg rbqddm ]mc sgd cxm]lhb
sntbg rbqddm bnmchshnmr) sgd hbnmr ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg ldr,
r]fdr vdqd bgnrdm ax ]m RKO vhsg lnqd sg]m 04 xd]qr ne
dwodqhdmbd vnqjhmf hm sgd ]qd] ne @@B hm bnmrtks]shnm
vhsg ] rodbh]k dctb]snq vgn ]krn g]c lnqd sg]m 04 xd]qr
ne dwodqhdmbd hm sgd ehdkc ne ]rrhrshud sdbgmnknfx- Hbnmr
vdqd bgnrdm sn ad qdoqdrdms]shud ne sgd l]hm bnmsdms ne
sgd ldrr]fd adhmf bnlltmhb]sdc- Adb]trd ansg cduhbdr
vdqd rds to sn qdsqhdud oqdoqnfq]lldc ldrr]fdr trhmf
rhmfkd,ld]mhmf ohbstqdr ]r sgd qdoqdrdms]shnm]k ldsgnc)
sghr rstcx v]r mns cdrhfmdc sn ]kknv enq bnlo]qhrnmr ne
bnlldqbh]kkx ]u]hk]akd k]mft]fd ]ookhb]shnm oqnfq]lr-
@cchshnm]kkx) ctd sn sgd e]bs sg]s mdvdq lncdkr g]ud
addm hmsqnctbdc rhmbd sgd shld sgd btqqdms rstcx v]r
bnmctbsdc) mdhsgdq ne sgd rodbhehb cduhbdr trdc hm sghr
rstcx ]qd bnlldqbh]kkx ]u]hk]akd snc]x-
LdYrtpdldms rbYkd- Sgd @@S@@B“1 v]r trdc sn ]r,
rdrr o]qshbho]msr ]sshstcd snv]qc sgd @@B trdqr vgn
vdqd cdohbsdc hm sgd uhcdnr- Sgd otqonrd ne Rstcx 0 v]r
sn bnkkdbs qdkh]ahkhsx ]mc u]khchsx c]s] enq sgd @@S@@B“1-
Rn sg]s sgdrd c]s] vntkc ]ookx sn sgd rb]kd trdc hm Rstcx 1)
sgd @@S@@B“1 v]r mns ]ksdqdc hm ]mx v]x eqnl sg]s cd,
rbqhadc hm Rstcx 0-
Npnbdctpd
Sgdqd vdqd dhfgs dwodqhldms]k bnmchshnmr ]r cd,
rbqhadc hm sgd ThcdnsYodr rdbshnm d]qkhdq- @kk dwodqhldms]k
rdrrhnmr vdqd bnmctbsdc hm ] rdbshnm ne sgd rbgnnk sg]s v]r
]v]x eqnl nsgdq chrsq]bshnmr &h-d-) sgd khaq]qx nq rbgnnk b]e,
dsdqh] ]s ] shld ne khlhsdc trd(- Fqntor ne 7 o]qshbho]msr
vdqd chrlhrrdc eqnl ] bk]rr cdsdqlhmdc ax sd]bgdqr sn ad
kd]rs chrqtoshud ne sgdhq c]hkx rbgdctkd- Rstcdmsr vgn ]r,
rdmsdc sn o]qshbho]sd vdqd kdc sn ] qnnl vhsg dhfgs bnl,
otsdqr rodbhehb]kkx oqnfq]lldc enq sgd btqqdms rstcx- Nmd
@@S@@B“1 enql) ] rg]qodmdc odmbhk) ]mc gd]cognmdr
]ss]bgdc sn sgd bnlotsdq vdqd ]krn knb]sdc ]s sgd vnqj,
ro]bd- Rstcdmsr bgnrd nmd ne sgd bnlotsdqr sn rhs ]s ]mc
vdqd snkc sn ots nm gd]cognmdr) bkhbj nm sgd bnlotsdq
rs]qs hbnm) ]mc enkknv sgd hmrsqtbshnmr fhudm ax sgd bnl,
otsdq ]mc vqhssdm nm sgd @@S@@B“1- Rstcdmsr g]c mn
hcd] vg]s bnmchshnm sgdx vdqd fnhmf sn uhdv adenqd bgnnr,
hmf ] bnlotsdq: sgdqdenqd) ]rrhfmldms sn bnmchshnmr v]r
q]mcnl- Sgd bnlotsdq v]r oqnfq]lldc sn oqnuhcd hm,
enql]shnm hm sgd enkknvhmf rdptdmbd9 &]( ] vqhssdm cd,
ehmhshnm ne @@B) &a( svn oqdrdms]shnmr ne sgd rodbhehb uhcdn
kn]cdc nmsn sgd bnlotsdq) ]mc &b( vqhssdm hmrsqtbshnmr
nm gnv sn bnlokdsd sgd ptdrshnmm]hqd- Sgdrd hmrsqtbshnmr
47/ HntplWi ne Roddag JWlftWfd Wlc FdWphlf PdrdWpag Unk- 42
vdqd sgd r]ld ]r sgnrd oqhmsdc nm sgd @@S@@B“1- Rod,
bhehb]kkx) o]qshbho]msr vdqd hmrsqtbsdc sn qd]c d]bg hsdl
b]qdetkkx) sg]s sgdqd vdqd mn qhfgs nq vqnmf ]mrvdqr) ]mc
sg]s sgdx rgntkc ]mrvdq d]bg ptdrshnm gnmdrskx ]bbnqchmf
sn gnv sgdx edks ]ants hs- @esdq v]sbghmf sgd oqdrdms]shnm
nm sgd bnlotsdq) rstcdmsr bnlokdsdc sgd ptdrshnmm]hqd
]mc vdqd snkc sg]s sgdx bntkc ]rj ptdrshnmr nmbd sgdx
vdqd ehmhrgdc-
CVsV 2mVixrgr
Sgd @@S@@B“1 v]r rbnqdc ]r cdrbqhadc hm Rstcx 0-
Ld]m @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr &l]whltl ne 4( vdqd trdc
]r sgd cdodmcdms u]qh]akd enq ]kk ]m]kxrdr- Cdsdqlhm,
hmf ] o]qshbho]ms r kdudk ne e]lhkh]qhsx vhsg hmchuhct]kr
vhsg chr]ahkhshdr v]r nas]hmdc ax ]rjhmf d]bg o]qshbho]ms
sn bnlokdsd rdudm hsdlr entmc nm sgd ehqrs o]fd ne sgd
@@S@@B“1 enql- Sgdrd hsdlr bnmrhrsdc ne entq xdr.mn
ptdrshnmr &xdr < 0) mn < /() nmd ltkshokd,bgnhbd ptdr,
shnm &rbnqd 0“3() ]mc svn 4,onhms Khjdqs rb]kd ptdrshnmr
&q]mfhmf eqnl r0 Yrspnmfkx chrYfpdd[ sn 4 Yrspnmfkx Yfpdd[(-
Rodbhehb hsdlr ]qd entmc hm @oodmchw @- Sns]k rbnqdr qd,
f]qchmf e]lhkh]qhsx vhsg hmchuhct]kr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr)
q]mfhmf eqnl 2 &kdYrs eYlhkhYp( sn 07 &lnrs eYlhkhYp() vdqd
b]kbtk]sdc enq d]bg o]qshbho]ms- @ o]qshbho]ms v]r bnm,
rhcdqdc sn ad ’e]lhkh]q – he ghr nq gdq rbnqd edkk adsvddm 00
]mc 07 ]mc ’kdrr e]lhkh]q – he ghr nq gdq rbnqd edkk adsvddm
2 ]mc 0/-
C]s] vdqd ]m]kxydc vhsg svn sgqdd,v]x @MNU@r-
Enq ansg @MNU@r) sgd cdodmcdms u]qh]akd v]r sgd ld]m
@@S@@B“1 rbnqd vhsg < -/4- Sgd ehqrs ]m]kxrhr v]r ]
1 &fdmcdq ne o]qshbho]ms( × 1 &fdmcdq ne @@B trdq( ×
1 &fdmcdq ne bnlltmhb]shud o]qsmdq( @MNU@- Sgd rdb,
nmc ]m]kxrhr v]r ] 1 &e]lhkh]qhsx kdudk( × 1 &fdmcdq ne
o]qshbho]ms( × 1 &cduhbd sxod( @MNU@- Od]qrnm bnqqdk],
shnm bndeehbhdmsr vdqd b]kbtk]sdc adsvddm sns]k e]lhkh]q,
hsx rbnqdr) ]fd) ]mc sns]k @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr sn cdsdqlhmd
he qdk]shnmrghor dwhrsdc adsvddm sgdrd e]bsnqr- @cchshnm,
]kkx) Bqnma]bg r ]kog] v]r b]kbtk]sdc ]r ] ld]rtqd ne
sdrs qdkh]ahkhsx) ]mc) adb]trd r]lokd rhyd v]r mns rte,
ehbhdms sn bnlokdsd ] e]bsnq ]m]kxrhr) bnqqdk]shnm bndeeh,
bhdmsr vdqd b]kbtk]sdc enq sgd rb]kd ]mc rtarb]kdr sn
dw]lhmd sgd qdk]shnmrgho ]lnmf sgdrd u]qh]akdr-
Pdrtksr
Bqnma]bg r ]kog] bndeehbhdms enq sgd @@S@@B“1
rb]kd v]r -77) hmchb]shmf ]m ]bbdos]akd kdudk ne qdkh]ahkhsx
enq sgd @@S@@B“1- Bnqqdk]shnm bndeehbhdmsr vdqd b]kbt,
k]sdc enq sgd rb]kd ]mc rtarb]kdr sn dw]lhmd sgd qdk],
shnmrghor ]lnmf u]qh]akdr: sgdrd ]qd oqdrdmsdc hm S]akd 1-
Bnqqdk]shnmr adsvddm sgd @@S@@B“1 rb]kd ]mc hsr rta,
rb]kdr vdqd onrhshud ]mc rhfmhehb]ms ]s o ; -/0) hmchb]s,
hmf sg]s sgd rb]kd ]mc ]kk ne sgd rtarb]kdr vdqd ghfgkx
461’476 Itmd 1/0/
 SYakd 1, BnqqdkYshnm adsvddm sgd ??S??B–1 rbYkd Ymc hsr rtarbYkdr-

BnlltmhbYshud
RbYkd Ymc rtarbYkd ==S==B’1 Bnfmhshud =eedbshud AdgYuhnpYk bnlodsdmbd

??S??B’1 0
Bnfmhshud -585)) 0
?eedbshud -684)) -251)) 0
AdgYuhnqYk -764)) -360)) -6/5)) 0
BnlltmhbYshud bnlodsdmbd -662)) -4/7)) -277)) -402)) 0

Lnsd, ??S??B’1 < ?rrdrrldms ne ?sshstcdr SnvYqc ?tfldmsYshud Ymc ?ksdqmYshud BnlltmhbYshnm–1-
))o ; -/0-

qdk]sdc sn nmd ]mnsgdq- Gnvdudq) sgd bnqqdk]shnmr ]lnmf sgnrd ne edl]kdr vgn vdqd kdrr e]lhkh]q- Enq o]qshbho]msr
sgd rtarb]kdr) vhsg sgd dwbdoshnm ne sgd adg]uhnq]k ]mc vgn v]sbgdc sgd uhcdns]od ne sgd @@B trdq ]bbdrrhmf ]
]eedbshud rtarb]kdr &hmsdqbnqqdk]shnm < -6/5() dwghahsdc cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd) khsskd cheedqdmbd v]r rddm
lnqd lncdrs kdudkr ne hmsdqbnqqdk]shnm q]mfhmf eqnl -251 adsvddm sgd ld]m @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr enq edl]kdr vgn
sn -402- vdqd e]lhkh]q ]mc edl]kdr vgn vdqd kdrr e]lhkh]q vhsg
Sgd qdrtksr ne sgd 1 &fdmcdq ne o]qshbho]ms( × 1 &fdm, oddqr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr- Enq l]kdr) gnvdudq) ] mns]akd che,
cdq ne @@B trdq( × 1 &fdmcdq ne bnlltmhb]shud o]qsmdq( edqdmbd v]r entmc adsvddm sgnrd vgn vdqd kdrr e]lhk,
@MNU@ hmchb]sdc sg]s sgd l]hm deedbs ne fdmcdq ne o]q, h]q &L < 2-3/) RC < /-25( ]mc sgnrd vgn vdqd e]lhkh]q
shbho]ms v]r rhfmhehb]ms) E&0) 021( < 8-812) o < -//1- Sgd &L < 2-66) RC < /-18(-
ld]m rbnqd ne edl]kdr &L < 2-71) RC < /-23( v]r ghfgdq Sn drshl]sd sgd l]fmhstcd ne sgd rhfmhehb]ms l]hm
sg]m sg]s enq sgd l]kdr &L < 2-52) RC < /-25(- Mn nsgdq deedbs ne kdudk ne e]lhkh]qhsx ]mc ne sgd sgqdd,v]x l]hm
l]hm deedbsr nq hmsdq]bshnmr vdqd rhfmhehb]ms- @m drsh, hmsdq]bshnm) ds] rpt]qdc v]r b]kbtk]sdc enq d]bg &Xntmf)
l]sd ne sgd l]fmhstcd ne sgd rhfmhehb]ms l]hm deedbs v]r 0882(- Ds] rpt]qdc enq kdudk ne e]lhkh]qhsx v]r -/4- Ds]
ne hmsdqdrs ]mc v]r cdsdqlhmdc ax b]kbtk]shmf ds] rpt]qdc rpt]qdc enq sgd deedbs ne e]lhkh]qhsx kdudk hm sgd rs]shb
&Xntmf) 0882(- Ds] rpt]qdc enq fdmcdq ne o]qshbho]ms v]r bnmchshnm enq l]kdr v]r -///0 ]mc -0/ enq edl]kdr- Ds]
-/6 &h-d-) 6 ne sgd u]qh]shnm hm @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr v]r rpt]qdc enq sgd deedbs ne e]lhkh]qhsx kdudk hm sgd cxm]lhb
]bbntmsdc enq ax jmnvkdcfd ne o]qshbho]msr fdmcdq(- @b, bnmchshnm enq l]kdr v]r -13 ]mc -//2 enq edl]kdr- @f]hm)
bnqchmf sn Bngdm &0877() ] rl]kk deedbs rhyd g]r ] u]ktd ne ]kk ne sgdrd deedbs rhydr ]qd qdk]shudkx rl]kk a]rdc nm
-1/) ] ldchtl deedbs rhyd ] u]ktd ne -4/) ]mc ] k]qfd deedbs Bngdm r &0877( fthcdkhmdr- Rdd S]akd 2 enq bnlokdsd c]s]-
rhyd ] u]ktd ne -7/-
Qdrtksr ne sgd Od]qrnm bnqqdk]shnmr adsvddm sns]k
Sgd qdrtksr ne sgd 1 &e]lhkh]qhsx kdudk( × 1 &fdmcdq ne @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr) sns]k e]lhkh]qhsx rbnqdr) ]mc ]fd ne
o]qshbho]ms( × 1 &cduhbd sxod( @MNU@ ]krn hmchb]sdc sg]s
sgd l]hm deedbs ne fdmcdq ne o]qshbho]ms v]r rhfmhehb]ms)
SYakd 2, LdYmr* rsYmcYqc cduhYshnmr* Ymc dsY rptYqdc enq bnmchshnmr
E&0) 021( < 7-502) o < -//3- @f]hm) sgd ld]m rbnqd ne
ne Cduhbd Sxod z Fdmcdq ne PYsdq z EYlhkhYqhsx Jdudk-
edl]kdr v]r ghfgdq sg]m sg]s enq sgd l]kdr- Sgd l]hm de,
edbs ne kdudk ne e]lhkh]qhsx v]r ]krn rhfmhehb]ms) E&0) 021( <
Fpnto m I RC 1
4-874) o < -/05- Sgd ld]m @@S@@B“1 rbnqd ne o]qshbh,
o]msr vgn vdqd e]lhkh]q vhsg oddqr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr &L < RsYshb sntbg rbqddm
2-66) RC < /-25( v]r ghfgdq sg]m sg]s enq o]qshbho]msr vgn LYkdr -///0
vdqd kdrr e]lhkh]q vhsg oddqr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr &L < 2-50) Jdrr eYlhkhYq lYkdr 8 2-51 -30
RC < /-24(- Mdhsgdq sgd l]hm deedbs ne cduhbd sxod mnq ]mx EYlhkhYq lYkdr 16 2-52 -25
ne sgd svn,v]x hmsdq]bshnmr vdqd rs]shrshb]kkx rhfmhehb]ms- EdlYkdr -/87
Jdrr eYlhkhYq edlYkdr 0/ 2-57 -16
Sgd sgqdd,v]x hmsdq]bshnm ne E]lhkh]qhsx Kdudk × Fdmcdq
EYlhkhYq edlYkdr 10 2-8/ -22
ne O]qshbho]ms × Cduhbd Sxod) gnvdudq) v]r rhfmhehb]ms)
E&0) 021( < 3-063) o < -/32- Enq o]qshbho]msr vgn r]v sgd CxmYlhb sntbg rbqddm
uhcdns]od ne sgd @@B trdq ]bbdrrhmf ] rs]shb sntbg rbqddm LYkdr -13
Jdrr eYlhkhYq lYkdr 01 2-3/ -25
cduhbd) khsskd cheedqdmbd v]r entmc adsvddm sgd ld]m
EYlhkhYq lYkdr 1/ 2-66 -18
@@S@@B“1 rbnqdr enq l]kdr vgn vdqd e]lhkh]q ]mc sgnrd
EdlYkdr -//2
enq l]kdr vgn vdqd kdrr e]lhkh]q vhsg oddqr vhsg chr]ahkh, Jdrr eYlhkhYq edlYkdr 00 2-66 -18
shdr- Ld]m @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr enq edl]kdr vgn vdqd e]lhk, EYlhkhYq edlYkdr 12 2-70 -28
h]q vhsg oddqr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr vdqd rkhfgskx ghfgdq sg]m

Adbi ds Yk,7 .cnidradlsr .sshstcdr SnuWpc Nddpr Ugn Trd ..A 470
o]qshbho]ms hmchb]sdc sg]s ] onrhshud ]mc rhfmhehb]ms bnq,
qdk]shnm dwhrsdc adsvddm sns]k @@S@@B rbnqdr ]mc sns]k
e]lhkh]qhsx rbnqdr &p < -177) o < -//0(- @ rkhfgs mdf]shud
sqdmc dwhrsdc adsvddm ]fd ]mc sns]k @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr
&p < “-06) o < -/40() ]mc mn qdk]shnmrgho dwhrsdc adsvddm
]fd ]mc sns]k e]lhkh]qhsx rbnqdr-
Chrbtrrhnm
22S22B ,
Sgd rhfmhehb]ms) onrhshud bnqqdk]shnmr adsvddm sgd
@@S@@B“1 rb]kd ]mc hsr rtarb]kdr hmchb]sd sg]s sgd
rb]kd ]mc ]kk ne sgd rtarb]kdr vdqd ghfgkx qdk]sdc sn nmd
]mnsgdq- Etqsgdqlnqd) Bqnma]bg r ]kog] ne -77) hm ]cch,
shnm sn adhmf ]m hmchb]shnm ne ]bbdos]akd qdkh]ahkhsx enq sgd
rb]kd) ]krn hmchb]sdr sg]s sgd @@S@@B“1 g]mfr snfdsgdq
]r ] tmhehdc rb]kd- Sgd e]bs sg]s sgd bnqqdk]shnmr ]lnmf
d]bg rtarb]kd vdqd lncdrs rtffdrsr sg]s d]bg rtarb]kd
ld]rtqdr chldmrhnmr ne ]sshstcdr sg]s ]qd cheedqdms eqnl
sgnrd ld]rtqdc ax sgd nsgdq rtarb]kdr) vhsg sgd dwbdo,
shnm ne sgd adg]uhnq]k ]mc ]eedbshud rtarb]kdr- Sgd bnqqd,
k]shnm adsvddm sgdrd svn rtarb]kdr &-6/5( hmchb]sdr sg]s ]
rsqnmfdq qdk]shnmrgho dwhrsr adsvddm sgd ]eedbshud ]mc ad,
g]uhnq]k rtarb]kdr sg]m adsvddm ]mx ne sgd nsgdq rta,
rb]kdr nm sgd @@S@@B“1- Sghr hr bnmrhrsdms vhsg ehmchmfr
qdonqsdc ax Fnqdmekn ]mc Fnqdmekn &0880( ]mc Qnrdma]tl
ds ]k- &0875() vgn ]krn cdudknodc Khjdqs,sxod rb]kdr sn ]r,
rdrr ]sshstcdr snv]qc odnokd vgn trd @@B nq vhsg nsgdq
sxodr ne chr]ahkhshdr-
Fdmcdp
Sgd l]hm deedbs ne fdmcdq hmchb]sdc sg]s nudq]kk)
edl]kdr g]c lnqd onrhshud ]sshstcdr snv]qc sgdhq oddqr
vgn trd @@B sg]m chc l]kdr- Sghr g]r addm ] bnmrhrsdms
ehmchmf hm sgd qdrd]qbg ne ]sshstcdr snv]qc hmchuhct]kr
vgn trd @@B &Adbj % Cdmmhr) 0885: Adbj) Eqhsy) ds ]k-)
1///: Aknbjadqfdq ds ]k-) 0882: Fnqdmekn % Fnqdmekn)
0880(- Hs hr ]krn bnmrhrsdms vhsg fdmdq]k khsdq]stqd nm fdm,
cdq cheedqdmbd hmchb]shmf sg]s sq]hsr trt]kkx ]rrnbh]sdc
vhsg l]rbtkhmhsx hmbktcd ]ffqdrrhudmdrr) cnlhm]mbd) ]mc
hmcdodmcdmbd) vgdqd]r sq]hsr ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg edl]kdr
]qd bnlo]rrhnm) tmcdqrs]mchmf) ]mc v]qlsg &Dcckdrsnm)
Udhf]) % Onvdkk) 1//5() ]mc vhsg qdrd]qbg hmchb]shmf sg]s
l]kd ]mc edl]kd ghfg rbgnnk rstcdmsr dwodbs fhqkr sn ad lnqd
rdmrhshud snv]qc odnokd vgn mddc gdko &A]qmdss) 0876(-
Sgd qdrtksr bnmbdqmhmf fdmcdq sg]s vdqd lnqd hm,
sdqdrshmf) gnvdudq) vdqd sgd k]bj ne deedbsr ne fdmcdq bnl,
ahm]shnmr ne o]qshbho]msr) @@B trdqr) ]mc bnlltmhb]shnm
o]qsmdqr- R]ld fdmcdq bnlahm]shnmr lhfgs g]ud hmbqd]rdc
odqbdhudc rhlhk]qhsx) vghbg) ]bbnqchmf sn Fnqdmekn ]mc
Fnqdmekn &0886() g]r cheedqdmsh]k deedbsr nm ]sshstcdr sn,
v]qc ] oddq vgn trdc @@B a]rdc nm sgd fdmcdq ne sgd
khrsdmdq ]mc sgd @@B trdq- @cchshnm]kkx) ]bbnqchmf sn
471 HntplWi ne Roddag JWlftWfd Wlc FdWphlf PdrdWpag Unk- 42
Mnvhbjh ]mc R]mchdrnm r &1//1( lds],]m]kxrhr ne 0/ xd]qr
ne otakhb]shnmr nm bghkcqdm r ]sshstcdr snv]qc oddqr vhsg
chr]ahkhshdr) fhqkr ]sshstcdr vdqd lnqd onrhshud sg]m anxr
nmkx he sgd s]qfds oddq v]r ] fhqk: sgdx sdmcdc sn g]ud ]
mdf]shud ah]r snv]qc anxr- Hm sgd btqqdms rstcx) ]sshstcdr
vdqd mns hmektdmbdc he ] edl]kd v]sbgdc ] edl]kd @@B trdq
hmsdq]bshmf vhsg ] edl]kd bnlltmhb]shnm o]qsmdq bnlo]qdc
vhsg ]mx nsgdq bnlahm]shnm ne fdmcdq ne @@B trdq ]mc bnl,
ltmhb]shnm o]qsmdq- Sgd r]ld gdkc sqtd enq l]kdr- Sgd
oq]bshb]k hlokhb]shnm ne sgdrd ehmchmfr hr sg]s hm atccx,
sxod oqnfq]lr oqnlnshmf rnbh]k noonqstmhshdr &d-f-) G]qcl]m
% Bk]qj) 1//5() sgd fdmcdq ne ] atccx rgntkc mns g]ud ]m
deedbs nm sgd ]bbdos]mbd ne ]m ]cnkdrbdms vgn trdr @@B-
DVlgigVpgsx Vmc 2fd
Ehmchmfr eqnl sghr rstcx rtoonqs o]rs qdrd]qbg
rgnvhmf sg]s rstcdmsr vgn ]qd e]lhkh]q vhsg oddqr vhsg
chr]ahkhshdr g]ud lnqd onrhshud ]sshstcdr snv]qc hmch,
uhct]kr vgn trd @@B sg]m rstcdmsr vgn ]qd kdrr e]lhk,
h]q &d-f-) Adbj % Cdmmhr) 0885: Adbj) Eqhsy) ds ]k-) 1///:
Aknbjadqfdq ds ]k-) 0882(- Mns nmkx vdqd sgd ld]m
@@S@@B“1 rbnqdr ne e]lhkh]q rstcdmsr ghfgdq sg]m sgd
ld]m rbnqdr ne rstcdmsr vgn vdqd kdrr e]lhkh]q) ats sgd
rhfmhehb]ms onrhshud bnqqdk]shnm adsvddm @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr
]mc sns]k e]lhkh]qhsx rbnqdr cdlnmrsq]sdc sg]s ]r e]lhk,
h]qhsx hmbqd]rdc) rn chc sgd onrhshud m]stqd ne ]sshstcdr-
@ rkhfgs mdf]shud qdk]shnmrgho v]r entmc adsvddm ]fd
]mc @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr rgnvhmf ] sdmcdmbx enq ghfg rbgnnk
rstcdmsr nudq]kk qdonqsdc ]sshstcdr snv]qc ] oddq vgn trdr
@@B sn adbnld rkhfgskx kdrr onrhshud ]r sgdx ]fd- Sghr ehmc,
hmf hr bnmrhrsdms vhsg Qx]m r &0870( qdrd]qbg qduhdv sg]s
entmc xntmf bghkcqdm r ]sshstcdr snv]qc odnokd vhsg ogxr,
hb]k chr]ahkhshdr sdmcdc sn adbnld lnqd onrhshud vhsg ]fd
tmshk sgd k]sd sddm xd]qr vgdm ]sshstcdr adf]m sn cdbkhmd-
Mn qdk]shnmrgho) gnvdudq) dwhrsdc adsvddm rdke,
qdonqsdc kdudk ne e]lhkh]qhsx ]mc ]fd- Fhudm sgd qdk]shnm,
rghor adsvddm kdudk ne e]lhkh]qhsx ]mc sns]k @@S@@B“1
rbnqdr ]mc adsvddm sns]k @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr ]mc ]fd) sgd
e]bsnq ne e]lhkh]qhsx ]ood]qr sn ad lnqd qdk]sdc sn nudq,
]kk ]sshstcd rbnqdr snv]qc oddqr vgn trd @@B sg]m ]fd-
Sghr) ]mc sgd e]bs sg]s nsgdq btqqdms qdrd]qbg hmchb]sdr
sg]s bghkcqdm vhsg chr]ahkhshdr vgn ]qd hmbktcdc nesdm e]bd
mdf]shud ]sshstcdr eqnl sgdhq oddqr &LbCntf]kk ds ]k-)
1//3: Mnvhbjh % R]mchdrnm) 1//1() dlog]rhyd sgd hlonq,
s]mbd ne oqnuhchmf ]ooqnoqh]sdkx hlokdldmsdc noonqstmh,
shdr enq ]cnkdrbdms rstcdmsr vgn trd @@B sn ad hmsdfq]sdc
vhsg sgdhq oddqr sgqntfgnts ghfg rbgnnk rn sg]s ]cnkdr,
bdmsr vhsg ]mc vhsgnts chr]ahkhshdr bnmshmtd sn ad e]lhk,
h]q vhsg) ]mc onrhshud snv]qc) d]bg nsgdq-
Cdugbd Sxod
Sgd l]hm deedbs ne cduhbd sxod v]r mns rhfmhehb]ms:
vgdsgdq ]m hmchuhct]k trdc ] rs]shb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd
461’476 Itmd 1/0/
nq ] cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd g]c mn hmektdmbd nm ghr
nq gdq oddqr ]sshstcdr snv]qc ghl nq gdq- Fhudm sg]s
ansg cduhbdr vdqd bnlotsdqhydc cduhbdr sg]s oqnctbdc
sgd r]ld unhbdr ]mc sg]s ]kk hmsdq]bshnmr cdohbsdc sgd @@B
trdq ]r ghfgkx bnlodsdms) sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm rbqddm
sxodr lhfgs mns g]ud addm rteehbhdms sn ]ksdq ]sshstcdr
snv]qc sgd odqrnm trhmf sgd cduhbd- Sghr rtffdrsr sg]s sgd
rbqddm sxod trdc ax ]m @@B cduhbd cndr mns hmektdmbd
]cnkdrbdmsr ]sshstcdr snv]qc sgd odqrnm trhmf sgd cduhbd
]r knmf ]r sgd odqrnm hr ] bnlodsdms bnlltmhb]snq-
GmsdpVbsgnm ne Cdugbd Sxod Fdmcdp
Vmc DVlgigVpgsx
Hmrodbshnm ne c]s] rgnvm hm S]akd 2 hmchb]sdr sg]s
ld]m @@S@@B“1 rbnqdr enq sgd fqntor sg]s uhdvdc sgd
rs]shb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd bnmchshnmr vdqd qdk]shudkx dpthu,
]kdms) q]mfhmf eqnl 2-51 sn 2-57- Sgd dwbdoshnm v]r sgd
ld]m rbnqd enq sgd e]lhkh]q edl]kdr &2-8/(- Sgd onrrhahk,
hsx dwhrsr sg]s ] ghfgdq kdudk ne e]lhkh]qhsx) bntokdc vhsg
fdmcdq) oqdchronrdc e]lhkh]q edl]kdr sn qd]bs lnqd onrh,
shudkx sn ] oddq vgn trdc @@B qdf]qckdrr ne sxod ne cd,
uhbd trdc- Sghr hr rtoonqsdc ax sgd e]bs sg]s sgd ld]m
@@S@@B“1 rbnqd ne e]lhkh]q edl]kdr vgn uhdvdc sgd cx,
m]lhb sntbg rbqddm uhcdn v]r ]krn pthsd ghfg ]mc rhlhk]q
sn sg]s ne sgd e]lhkh]q edl]kdr vgn uhdvdc sgd rs]shb
sntbg rbqddm uhcdn-
Rbnqdr enq sgd fqntor vgn r]v sgd cxm]lhb sntbg
rbqddm cduhbd bnmchshnmr vdqd ]krn e]hqkx rhlhk]q) q]mfhmf
eqnl 2-66 sn 2-70) vhsg sgd dwbdoshnm ne sgd ld]m rbnqd
enq sgd l]kdr vgn vdqd kdrr e]lhkh]q- Sghr rbnqd v]r mn,
s]akx knvdq &2-3/( sg]m ]mx ne sgd nsgdq rbnqdr &hmbktchmf
l]kdr vgn uhdvdc ] rs]shb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd uhcdn(-
Cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddmr ]qd mdvdq sdbgmnknfhdr) ]mc sgd
bg]mfhmf rbqddmr ]qd rhlhk]q sn vg]s nmd dwodqhdmbdr
vgdm trhmf ] bnlotsdq- Cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm cduhbdr
bntkc sgdqdenqd ]ood]q sn ad lnqd rnoghrshb]sdc sg]m
rs]shb sntbg rbqddm cduhbdr- Ghfgdq sdbgmnknfx cduhbdr
g]ud addm rgnvm sn hmektdmbd ]ctksr ]sshstcdr snv]qc
]m @@B trdq lnqd onrhshudkx sg]m knvdq sdbgmnknfx cd,
uhbdr &d-f-) Fnqdmekn % Fnqdmekn) 0880() rn hs hr rtqoqhrhmf
sg]s kdrr e]lhkh]q l]kdr) uhdvhmf ]m @@B trdq ]bbdrrhmf
] cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd) g]c sgd kd]rs onrhshud ]s,
shstcdr ne ]mx fqnto- Hs rdqudr ]r ] qdlhmcdq sg]s qd,
]bshnmr ne ]cnkdrbdmsr ]qd mns ]kv]xr oqdchbs]akd) ]mc hs
hr hlonqs]ms sn qdl]hm rdmrhshud sn ]sshstcdr vgdm hl,
okdldmshmf ]mx sxod ne hmsdqudmshnm oqnfq]l-
IhlhsWshnmr Wmc Chpdashnmr
enp Dtstpd LdrdWpaf
Rdudq]k khlhs]shnmr ne sgd qdrtksr ne sgd btqqdms
rstcx dwhrs sg]s rgntkc ad chrbtrrdc- Ehqrs) ] onrrhakd
bnmentmchmf u]qh]akd sg]s bntkc g]ud hmektdmbdc sgd
qdrtksr qdf]qchmf sgd sxod ne @@B cduhbd trdc hr sgd e]bs
sg]s sgd cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd chrok]xdc lnqd
unb]atk]qx sg]m chc sgd rs]shb sntbg rbqddm cduhbd) rn
sg]s o]qshbho]msr l]x g]ud l]cd itcfldmsr a]rdc nm
sgd aqd]csg ne unb]atk]qx oqdrdmsdc q]sgdq sg]m sgd
l]mmdq hm vghbg hs v]r oqdrdmsdc- Fhudm sgd e]bs sg]s mn
rhfmhehb]ms l]hm deedbs v]r entmc enq cduhbd sxodr) gnv,
dudq) sghr e]bsnq cndr mns ]ood]q sn g]ud hmektdmbdc o]q,
shbho]msr qdronmrdr- Mnmdsgdkdrr) etstqd qdrd]qbg rgntkc
hmudrshf]sd gnv e]bsnqr rtbg ]r sgd ]lntms ne ]u]hk]akd
unb]atk]qx) sgd bnlltmhb]shud bnlodsdmbd ne sgd @@B
trdq) ]mc sgd trd ne lnqd vhcdkx cheedqhmf @@B sdbgmhptdr
&d-f-) bnlltmhb]shnm an]qcr ur- dkdbsqnmhb cduhbdr( hmekt,
dmbd ]cnkdrbdmsr ]sshstcdr-
Etqsgdqlnqd) sgd deedbs rhydr enq sgd rhfmhehb]ms de,
edbsr ne sgd fdmcdq ne o]qshbho]ms) ]mc e]lhkh]qhsx kdudk hm
sgd rs]shb ]mc cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm bnmchshnmr enq l]kdr
]mc edl]kdr) vdqd rl]kk) vghbg lhfgs hmchb]sd sg]s sgdx
]qd mns ne bkhmhb]k hlonqs]mbd- Xntmf &0882() gnvdudq)
hmchb]sdc sg]s ’Lnrs adg]uhnqr ]mc dudmsr ne hmsdqdrs ]qd
ltkshokx cdsdqlhmdc ]mc g]ud ] k]qfd mtladq ne b]tr]k
]msdbdcdmsr- Qdrd]qbgdqr ]qd mns ]akd sn dw]lhmd ]kk nq
dudm lnrs onrrhakd b]tr]k e]bsnqr hm ]mx rhmfkd dwodqh,
ldms- Enq sghr qd]rnm hs hr tmkhjdkx sgd edv e]bsnqr rstc,
hdc vhkk ]bbntms enq ] l]inq rg]qd ne sgd sns]k u]qh]shnm–
&o- 543(-
Adbj ]mc Cdmmhr &0885( ]ccdc sg]s ’]sshstcdr ]qd
ltkshokx cdsdqlhmdc vhsg ] k]qfd mtladq ne b]tr]k ]m,
sdbdcdmsr– &o- 73(- Sgdqdenqd) sgd rl]kk deedbs rhydr entmc
]qd mns rtqoqhrhmf- Hmcddc) sgdm) sgd deedbs rhyd enq sgd
cheedqdmbd adsvddm sgd kdrr e]lhkh]q ]mc lnqd e]lhkh]q
l]kdr hm sgd cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm bnmchshnm sg]s v]r
fqd]sdq sg]m ]kk nsgdq qdonqsdc deedbs rhydr l]jdr sgd
cheedqdmbd hm sgdhq qdrtksr ]kk sgd lnqd mns]akd-
Ehm]kkx) hs hr hlonqs]ms sn ]bjmnvkdcfd sg]s Rstcx 1
v]r ] odqbdost]k rstcx) mns ] adg]uhnq]k rstcx- Sg]s hr)
sgdqd v]r mn ]ssdlos sn nardqud ]cnkdrbdmsr ]mc qdbnqc
gnv sgdx ]bst]kkx adg]udc snv]qc oddqr vgn trd @@B
rxrsdlr- C]s] enq Rstcx 1 vdqd khlhsdc sn rdke,qdonqsr
ne ]sshstcdr- @ksgntfg rdke,qdonqsr bdqs]hmkx oqnuhcd hm,
rhfgsr hmsn odnokd r ]sshstcdr) hmgdqdms sn rdke,qdonqsr ]qd
’akhmc ronsr– qdf]qchmf nmd r ah]rdr- @sshstcdr ]qd mns ch,
qdbskx nardqu]akd ]mc sgdqdenqd ltrs ad hmedqqdc- Ehmc,
hmfr eqnl Rstcx 0 rgnv sgd @@S@@B“1 hr ] snnk ax vghbg
qd]rnm]akd hmedqdmbdr b]m ad l]cd) ats hs cndr mns oqn,
uhcd sgd r]ld sxod ne hmenql]shnm sg]s bntkc ad cdqhudc
eqnl nardquhmf adg]uhnqr chqdbskx-
Anmaitrhnm
Rlhsg &1//4( bg]q]bsdqhydc ]cnkdrbdmbd ]r ] shld ne
bg]kkdmfd9 ’Bg]kkdmfdr hm drs]akhrghmf odqrnm]k hcdmshsx)
Adbi ds Yk,7 .cnidradlsr .sshstcdr SnuWpc Nddpr Ugn Trd ..A 472
l]hms]hmhmf dlnshnm]k ]mc ldms]k gd]ksg rs]ahkhsx)
]mc bnohmf vhsg dwonmdmsh]kkx hmbqd]rhmf dctb]shnm]k
cdl]mcr– &o- 57(- Rgd vdms nm sn onhms nts sg]s ]c,
nkdrbdmsr vgn trd @@B ]krn g]ud sgd bg]kkdmfd ne bnl,
ltmhb]shmf hm ] l]mmdq sg]s hr l]qjdckx cheedqdms sg]m
sg]s ne sgdhq oddqr) vghbg hmbqd]rdr sgd cheehbtksx ne sgdhq
sq]mrhshnm eqnl bghkcgnnc sn ]ctksgnnc- Oqnuhchmf hmch,
uhct]kr vhsg bnlokdw bnlltmhb]shnm mddcr sgd ld]mr
vhsg vghbg sn bnlltmhb]sd hm sgd lnrs deedbshud ]mc de,
ehbhdms l]mmdq onrrhakd hr ] sno oqhnqhsx- Dmrtqhmf sg]s
sgd dmuhqnmldms hm vghbg bnlltmhb]shnm hr s]jhmf ok]bd
hr ]r rtoonqshud ]r onrrhakd hr ]krn hlonqs]ms- Oddq ]ssh,
stcdr ]qd bqhshb]k ]rodbsr ne ] odqrnm r dmuhqnmldms ]mc
b]m dhsgdq e]bhkhs]sd nq hlodcd sgd oqnctbshnm ne ]ooqn,
oqh]sd bnlltmhb]shnm-
Sgd qdrtksr ne sgd btqqdms rstcx rtffdrs sg]s l]hm,
s]hmhmf e]lhkh]qhsx adsvddm rstcdmsr vgn trd @@B ]mc
sgdhq oddqr hr hlonqs]ms enq dmg]mbhmf sgd onrhshud m],
stqd ne oddqr ]sshstcdr- Nmd v]x ne dmrtqhmf sghr lhfgs
ad sn bnmctbs oqnfq]lr eqnl oqd,J sgqntfg ghfg rbgnnk
sg]s e]bhkhs]sd ]ooqnoqh]sd hmsdq]bshnmr adsvddm rst,
cdmsr vgn trd @@B ]mc sgdhq oddqr- Sgd qdrtksr ne sgd
btqqdms rstcx etqsgdqlnqd rtffdrs sg]s mdhsgdq sgd fdm,
cdq bnlonrhshnm ne rtbg oqnfq]lr mnq sgd sxod ne @@B
cduhbd trdc &h-d-) rs]shb sntbg rbqddm nq cxm]lhb sntbg
rbqddm( hmektdmbdr oddqr ]sshstcdr- Gnvdudq) sgd tmdw,
odbsdc ehmchmf sg]s kdrr e]lhkh]q anxr vgn uhdvdc sgd
cxm]lhb sntbg rbqddm uhcdn vdqd) ]r ] fqnto) sgd nmdr
vgn cdlnmrsq]sdc sgd knvdrs rbnqdr nm sgd @@S@@B“1
dlog]rhydr sgd e]bs sg]s hmsdqudmshnmhrsr mddc sn ad uhf,
hk]ms ]ants sgd ]eedbs ne ]mx ]rodbs ne hmsdqudmshnm nm
oddqr ]sshstcdr- Bnmshmtdc qdrd]qbg hmsn e]bsnqr sg]s
hmbqd]rd oddqr ]bbdos]mbd ne ]cnkdrbdmsr vgn trd @@B
hr bqhshb]k hm nqcdq sn ]ldkhnq]sd rnld ne sgd cheehbtks
bg]kkdmfdr sgdx e]bd hm sgdrd xd]qr ne sq]mrhshnm ]mc sn
dmrtqd sg]s sgdx ]qd ]akd sn bnlltmhb]sd deedbshudkx hm
rtoonqshud dmuhqnmldmsr-
=bimnvkdcfldmsr
Sghr ]qshbkd hr a]rdc nm ] l]rsdq r sgdrhr bnlokdsdc ax
sgd entqsg ]tsgnq ]mc ] cnbsnq]k chrrdqs]shnm bnlokdsdc ax sgd
sghqc ]tsgnq- Sgd ehqrs ]mc rdbnmc ]tsgnqr rdqudc ]r ehqrs ]mc
rdbnmc qd]cdq) qdrodbshudkx) enq sgd sgdrhr ]mc ]r bn,chqdbsnqr
ne sgd chrrdqs]shnm- @kk qdrd]qbgdqr sg]mj sgd rstcdmsr) o]qdmsr)
]mc dctb]snqr vgn l]cd sgd bnkkdbshnm ne sgd c]s] onrrhakd-
Pdedpdmbdr
.AB Mdvr Opnctbshnmr- &1//1) L]x 06(- Mhfgskhmd9 Lhkdr
aYp lhsyuYg Y Sdkduhrhnm aqn]cb]rs[- Mdv Gtcrnm) LH9
@AB Mdvr-
.ksdmadpf& D-& EdppYmc& B- &1//5(- Odqbdoshnm ne hmchuhc,
t]kr vhsg unhbd chrnqcdqr ax lnmnkhmft]k Dmfkhrg) ahkhmft]k
B]msnmdrd,Dmfkhrg ]mc ahkhmft]k Qtrrh]m,Dmfkhrg vnldm-
473 HntplWi ne Roddag JWlftWfd Wlc FdWphlf PdrdWpag Unk- 42
IntpmYk ne Roddbg+ JYmftYfd+ Ymc FdYphmf PdrdYpbg+ 38+
768“776-
AYpmdss& L- &0876(- @cnkdrbdmsr du]kt]shnm ne oddqr ln,
shudr enq gdkohmf- IntpmYk ne Vntsg Ymc :cnkdrbdmbd+ 05+
468“475-
Adbj& .-& Anbj& R-& Sgnlornm& I-& JnrtvYm& J- &1//1(-
Sgd hmektdmbd ne bnlltmhb]shud bnlodsdmbd ]mc @@B
sdbgmhptd nm bghkcqdm r ]sshstcdr snv]qc ] oddq vgn trdr
@@B- :tfldmsYshud Ymc :ksdpmYshud BnlltmhbYshnm+ 07+
106“116-
Adbj& .-& Cdmmhr& L- &0885(- @sshstcdr ne bghkcqdm snv]qc
] rhlhk]q,]fdc bghkc vgn trdr ]tfldms]shud bnlltmhb],
shnm- :tfldmsYshud Ymc :ksdpmYshud BnlltmhbYshnm+ 01+
67“76-
Adbj& .-& Ephsy& G-& Jdkkdp& .-& Cdmmhr& L- &1///(- @ssh,
stcdr ne rbgnnk,]fdc bghkcqdm snv]qc sgdhq oddqr vgn trd
@@B- :tfldmsYshud Ymc :ksdpmYshud BnlltmhbYshnm+ 05+
02“15-
Adbj& .-& Jhmfratpx& J-& Mdee& .-& Cdmmhr& L- &1///(- Sgd
hmektdmbd ne kdmfsg ne ]tfldmsdc ldrr]fd nm bghkcqdm r
]sshstcdr snv]qc oddqr vgn trd @@B- :tfldmsYshud Ymc
:ksdpmYshud BnlltmhbYshnm+ 05+ 128“138-
Adbj& .-& Sgnlornm& I-& BkYx& R-& Gtsbghmr& L-& Tnfs& O-&
PnlYmhYj& A-& ’ Rnjnknvrjh& A- &1//0(- Oqdrdquhbd oqn,
edrrhnm]kr ]sshstcdr snv]qc bghkcqdm vgn trd ]tfldms]shud.
]ksdqm]shud bnlltmhb]shnm- DctbYshnm Ymc SpYhmhmf hm
LdmsYk PdsYpcYshnm Ymc CdudknoldmsYk ChrYahkhshdr+ 25+
144“160-
AdcpnrhYm& I-& GnYf& K-& BYkbtkYsnp& R-& Lnkhmdtw& A-
&0881(- U]qh]akdr hmektdmbhmf odqbdoshnmr ne sgd bnlltmh,
b]shud bnlodsdmbd ne ]m ]ctks ]tfldms]shud ]mc ]ksdqm]shud
bnlltmhb]shnm rxrsdl trdq- IntpmYk ne Roddbg Ymc FdYphmf
PdrdYpbg+ 24+ 00/4“0002-
AdtjdklYm& C- P-& LhpdmcY& O- &1//4(- :tfldmsYshud
Ymc YksdpmYshud bnlltmhbYshnm9 LYmYfdldms ne rdudpd
bnlltmhbYshnm chrnpcdpr hm bghkcpdm Ymc Yctksr &2qc dc-(-
A]kshlnqd9 Aqnnjdr-
Aknbjadpfdp& R-& .plrspnmf& P-& N Bnmmnp& .-& EpddlYm& P-
&0882(- Bghkcqdm r ]sshstcdr snv]qc ] mnmrod]jhmf bghkc
trhmf u]qhntr ]tfldms]shud ]mc ]ksdqm]shud bnlltmhb]shnm
sdbgmhptdr- :tfldmsYshud Ymc :ksdpmYshud BnlltmhbYshnm+
8+ 132“14/-
Bngdm& I- &0877(- RsYshrshbYk onvdp YmYkxrhr enp sgd adgYuhnpYk
rbhdmbdr &1mc dc-(- Ghkkrc]kd) MI9 Dqka]tl-
Bnmsh,PYlrcdm& F-& Ansshmf& M- &1//3(- Rnbh]k cheehbtkshdr
]mc uhbshlhy]shnm hm bghkcqdm vhsg RKH ]s 00 xd]qr ne ]fd-
IntpmYk ne Roddbg+ JYmftYfd+ Ymc FdYphmf PdrdYpbg+ 36+
034“050-
Bnnj& A- F-& Rdlldk& L- H- &0888(- Oddq ]bbdos]mbd ne
hmbktcdc rstcdmsr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr ]r ] etmbshnm ne rdudqhsx
ne chr]ahkhsx ]mc bk]rrqnnl bnlonrhshnm- Sgd IntpmYk ne
RodbhYk DctbYshnm+ 22+ 4/“50-
Ctcdj& J-& Adbj& .-& Sgnlornm& I- &1//5(- Sgd hmektdmbd
ne @@B cduhbd sxod) cxm]lhb ur- rs]shb rbqddm) nm oddq
]sshstcdr- IntpmYk ne RodbhYk DctbYshnm Sdbgmnknfx+ 10+
06“12-
CxmYunw- CxmYunw9 ApdYihmf sgpntfg sgd aYpphdpr Y Uhcdn,
s]od[- Ohssratqfg) O@9 @tsgnq-
Dcckdrsnm& J-& TdhfY& I-& Onvdkk& F- &1//5(- Dwok]hmhmf
rdw cheedqdmbdr hm l]m]fdqh]k b]qddq r]shrehdq oqdedqdmbdr9
461’476 Itmd 1/0/
 Sgd qnkd ne fdmcdq rdke,rbgdl]- IntpmYk ne :ookhdc Nrxbgnk,
nfx+ 80+ 326“334- Qdsqhdudc eqnl gsso9..f]sdv]x-ts-nuhc-bnl .
fvk .nuhcvda-bfh-
EYtw& B-& AYxkdr& J- .- &1///(- Sdkdpntmcr !419 :tfldm,
sYshud YksdpmYshud bnlltmhbYshnm Ymc odprnmr vhsg ltk,
shokd chrYahkhshdr9 : bkhmhbYk odprodbshud Y Uhcdns]od[-
Qnbjuhkkd) LC9 @ldqhb]m Roddbg,K]mft]fd,Gd]qhmf
@rrnbh]shnm-
Edpftrnm& I- L- &0887(- Ghfg rbgnnk rstcdmsr ]sshstcdr
snv]qc hmbktrhnm ne g]mchb]oodc rstcdmsr hm sgd qdftk]q
dctb]shnm bk]rrqnnl- DctbYshnmYk Enptl+ 52+ 062“068-
Ehrgdp& C-& OtlohYm& H-& RYw& B- &0887(- Ghfg rbgnnk
rstcdmsr ]sshstcdr ]ants ]mc qdbnlldmc]shnmr enq sgdhq
oddqr vhsg rhfmhehb]ms chr]ahkhshdr- IntpmYk ne sgd :rrnbhYshnm
enp Ndprnmr vhsg Rdudpd FYmchbYor+ 12+ 161“171-
Fnpdmekn& B-& Fnpdmekn& C- &0880(- Sgd deedbsr ne hmenql],
shnm ]mc ]tfldms]shud bnlltmhb]shnm sdbgmhptd nm ]ssh,
stcdr snv]qc mnmrod]jhmf hmchuhct]kr- IntpmYk ne Roddbg
Ymc FdYphmf PdrdYpbg+ 23+ 08“15-
Fnpdmekn& C-& Fnpdmekn& B- &0886(- Deedbsr ne rxmsgdshb
roddbg) fdmcdq) ]mc odqbdhudc rhlhk]qhsx nm ]sshstcdr snv]qc
sgd ]tfldmsdc bnlltmhb]snq- :tfldmsYshud Ymc :ksdpmY,
shud BnlltmhbYshnm+ 02+ 76“80-
Fnpdmekn& B-& Fnpdmekn& C-& RYmsdp& R- &0883(- Deedbsr ne
rxmsgdshb unhbd ntsots nm ]sshstcdr snv]qc sgd ]tfldmsdc
bnlltmhb]snq- IntpmYk ne Roddbg Ymc FdYphmf PdrdYpbg+ 26+
53“57-
GYpclYm& L- K-& BkYpj& B- &1//5(- Oqnlnshmf eqhdmcrgho
sgqntfg Adrs Atcchdr9 @ m]shnm]k rtqudx ne bnkkdfd oqnfq]l
o]qshbho]msr- LdmsYk PdsYpcYshnm+ 33+ 45“52-
GnYf& K-& AdcpnrhYm& I- &0881(- Deedbsr ne roddbg ntsots
sxod) ldrr]fd kdmfsg) ]mc qd]tchsnqhy]shnm nm odqbdoshnmr
ne sgd bnlltmhb]shud bnlodsdmbd ne ]m ]ctks @@B trdq-
IntpmYk ne Roddbg Ymc FdYphmf PdrdYpbg+ 24+ 0252“0255-
GnYf& K-& AdcpnrhYm& I-& Ingmrnm& C-& Lnkhmdtw& A-
&0883(- U]qh]akdr ]eedbshmf odqbdoshnmr ne rnbh]k ]rodbsr
ne sgd bnlltmhb]shud bnlodsdmbd ne ]m ]ctks @@B trdq-
:tfldmsYshud Ymc :ksdpmYshud BnlltmhbYshnm+ 0.+ 018“026-
Gxldk& R- &0875(- Hmsdqoqds]shnmr ne oddq adg]uhnq9 @eedbshud
ah]r hm bghkcgnnc ]mc ]cnkdrbdmbd- Bghkc Cdudknoldms+ 46+
320“334-
JpYidvrjh& I- I-& EkYgdpsx& S- &1///(- @sshstcdr ne ghfg
rbgnnk rstcdmsr snv]qc hmchuhct]kr vhsg ldms]k qds]qc]shnm-
LdmsYk PdsYpcYshnm+ 27+ 043“051-
JpYtr& R- &0884(- @sshstcdr ]mc sgd oqdchbshnm ne adg]uhnq9 @
lds],]m]kxrhr ne sgd dlohqhb]k khsdq]stqd- NdprnmYkhsx Ymc
RnbhYk Nrxbgnknfx Atkkdshm+ 10+ 47“64-
KYkkg& .-& Pnbgds& .- O- &1///(- Sgd deedbs ne hmenql]shnm nm
khrsdmdqr ]sshstcdr snv]qc rod]jdqr vhsg unhbd nq qdrnm]mbd
chrnqcdqr- IntpmYk ne Roddbg+ JYmftYfd+ Ymc FdYphmf
PdrdYpbg+ 32+ 671“684-
Khkhdmedkc& L-& .kYms& D- &1//1(- @sshstcdr ne bghkcqdm
snv]qc ]m tme]lhkh]q oddq trhmf ]m @@B cduhbd vhsg ]mc
vhsgnts unhbd ntsots- :tfldmsYshud Ymc :ksdpmYshud Bnl,
ltmhbYshnm+ 07+ 80“0/0-
LbBYpsgx& I-& Khfgs& I- &1//4(- @sshstcdr snv]qc hmchuhc,
t]kr vgn trd ]tfldms]shud ]mc ]ksdqm]shud bnlltmhb]shnm9
Qdrd]qbg qduhdv- :tfldmsYshud Ymc :ksdpmYshud Bnlltmh,
bYshnm+ 10+ 30“44-
LbCntfYkk& I-& CdVhs& C-& Jhmf& F-& Lhkkdp& K-& Jhkkho& R-
&1//3(- Ghfg rbgnnk,]fdc xntsg r ]sshstcdr snv]qc sgdhq
oddqr vhsg chr]ahkhshdr9 Sgd qnkd ne rbgnnk ]mc rstcdms
hmsdqodqrnm]k e]bsnqr- HmsdpmYshnmYk IntpmYk ne ChrYahkhsx+
Cdudknoldms Ymc DctbYshnm+ 40+ 176“2/0- cnh90/-0/7/.
0/23801/31///148131-
Ldxdpr& L- &1//6(- Lhid Ldxdpr :# fthcd sn lYmYfhmf Ymc
spntakdrgnnshmf NBr &1mc dc-(- Mdv Xnqj9 LbFq]v,Ghkk .
Nranqmd-
Mnvhbjh& D-& RYmchdrnm& P- &1//1(- @ lds],]m]kxrhr ne
rbgnnk,]fd bghkcqdm r ]sshstcdr snv]qcr odqrnmr vhsg ogxr,
hb]k nq hmsdkkdbst]k chr]ahkhshdr- HmsdpmYshnmYk IntpmYk ne
ChrYahkhsx+ Cdudknoldms Ymc DctbYshnm+ 38+ 132“154-
cnh90/-0/7/.0/23801/11/////616/-
OYssdprnm& I-& Ophmf& S- &0880(- Khrsdmdqr ]sshstcdr sn
rstssdqhmf rod]jdqr9 Mn duhcdmbd enq ] fdmcdq cheedqdmbd-
IntpmYk ne Ektdmbx Chrnpcdpr+ 05+ 1/0“1/4- cnh90/-0/05.
//83,62/W&80(8///1,S-
Opdmsjd Pnlhbg BnloYmx- &m-c-(- LhmrodYi9 Enp mnv ’ enp
kYsdp ’ enp dudp Y Uhcdns]od[- Vnnrsdq) NG9 @tsgnq-
PnrdmaYtl& P-& .plrspnmf& P-& Jhmf& R- &0875(- Bghk,
cqdm r ]sshstcdr snv]qc chr]akdc oddqr9 @ rdke,qdonqs ld]rtqd-
IntpmYk ne NdchYsphb Nrxbgnknfx+ 00+ 406“42/-
PxYm& J- &0870(- Cdudknoldms]k cheedqdmbdr hm qd]bshnmr sn
sgd ogxrhb]kkx chr]akdc- FtlYm Cdudknoldms+ 13+ 13/“145-
RbghYudssh& M-& Ldsy& C- &0886(- DuYktYshnm pdrdYpbg hm
bnlltmhbYshud chrnpcdp- Anrsnm9 @kkxm % A]bnm-
Rdhsy& R-& Knpc& B-& SYxknp& B- &1//6(- Adxnmc okd]rtqd9
Dlnshnm ]bshuhsx ]eedbsr sgd qdk]shnmrgho adsvddm ]sshstcdr
]mc adg]uhnq- NdprnmYkhsx Ymc RnbhYk Nrxbgnknfx Atkkdshm+
22+ 822“836- cnh90/-0066./0350561/62/0/14-
Rlhsg& L- &1//4(- Sgd ct]k bg]kkdmfdr ne ]hcdc bnlltmhb],
shnm ]mc ]cnkdrbdmbd- :tfldmsYshud Ymc :ksdpmYshud Bnl,
ltmhbYshnm+ 10+ 56“68-
Rmxcdp& F- &1//0(- Dwoknq]snqx qdrd]qbg hm sgd ld]rtqdldms
]mc lnchehb]shnm ne ]sshstcdr snv]qc rstssdqhmf- IntpmYk
ne Ektdmbx Chrnpcdpr+ 05+ 038“05/- cnh90/-0/05.R//83,
62/W&/0(///81,3-
SphYmchr& G- B- &0860(- :sshstcdr Ymc Ysshstcd bgYmfd- Mdv
Xnqj9 Vhkdx-
Wntmf& L- &0882(- Rtookdldmshmf sdrsr ne rs]shrshb]k rhfmheh,
b]mbd9 U]qh]shnm ]bbntmsdc enq- IntpmYk ne Roddbg Ymc
FdYphmf PdrdYpbg+ 25+ 533“545-
Qdbdhudc Itmd 17) 1//6
Qduhrhnm qdbdhudc Edaqt]qx 0) 1//7
@bbdosdc Rdosdladq 03) 1//8
CNH9 0/-0/33.0/81,3277&1//8./6,/03/(
Bnms]bs ]tsgnq9 @mm Q- Adbj) 30// Bnkkdfd ne @qsr ]mc
Rbhdmbdr) Hkkhmnhr Rs]sd Tmhudqrhsx) Mnql]k) HK 5068/,30//-
D,l]hk9 ]qadbj?hkrst-dct-
Adbi ds Yk,7 .cnidradlsr .sshstcdr SnuWpc Nddpr Ugn Trd ..A 474
 2oodmcgv 2, ??S??B–1 hsdlr Ymc eYlhkhYqhsx hsdlr-

Bnfmhshud Hsdlr
0- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B gYud lYmx eqhdmcr-
1- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B vntkc ad Yakd sn jddo to hm lx bkYrr-
2- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B bYm ad Yr rlYqs Yr lx eqhdmcr-
3- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B vntkc mns fds fnnc fqYcdr nm Yrrhfmldmsr nq sdrsr-
4- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B mddc Y kns ne gdko eqnl sgd sdYbgdq-
5- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B eddk rnqqx enq sgdlrdkudr-
?eedbshud Hsdlr
0- H cnm s eddk dlaYqqYrrdc enq rstcdmsr vgn gYud sn bnlltmhbYsd vhsg ??B-
1- H eddk rnqqx enq rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B-
2- H vntkc eddk dlaYqqYrrdc he H gYc sn bnlltmhbYsd trhmf ??B-
3- H sghmj nsgdq rstcdmsr vntkc sdYrd Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B-
4- SYkjhmf sn Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B lYjdr ld tmbnlenqsYakd-
5- H vntkc eddk fnnc Yants adhmf eqhdmcr vhsg Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B-
6- H vntkc eddk bnlenqsYakd sYkjhmf sn Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B-
7- H vntkc eddk bnlenqsYakd vnqjhmf vhsg Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B-
AdgYuhnqYk Hsdlr
0- H vntkc fn sn sgd lYkk Ymc gYmf nts vhsg Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B-
1- H vntkc khjd rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B sn ad hmbktcdc hm lx bkYrr-
2- H vntkc cYsd Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B-
3- H vntkc hmsqnctbd Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B sn lx eqhdmcr-
4- H vntkc fn sn sgd khaqYqx vhsg Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B-
5- H vntkc vnqj nm Y oqnidbs nq Yrrhfmldms vhsg Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B-
6- H vntkc rhs vhsg Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B Ys Y fYld* lnuhd* nq bnmbdqs-
7- H vntkc vYms lx sdYbgdq sn bgYmfd bkYrrqnnl Ybshuhshdr rn sgYs Y rstcdms vgn trdr ??B bntkc ad hmbktcdc-
BnlltmhbYshud Bnlodsdmbd Hsdlr
0- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B bYm rYx dwYbskx vgYs sgdx vYms sn rYx-
1- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B bYm s bgYmfd sgdhq vnqcr he sgdx Yqd mns tmcdqrsnnc sgd ehqrs shld-
2- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B sYjd Ym Ybshud oYqs hm bnmudqrYshnmr-
3- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B khrsdm bYqdetkkx sn vgYs nsgdqr Yqd rYxhmf sn sgdl-
4- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B Yqd tmYakd sn rYx vgYs sgdx vYms sn rYx-
5- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B tmcdqrsYmc vgYs nsgdqr Yqd rYxhmf sn sgdl-
6- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B bnlltmhbYsd snn rknvkx-
7- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B tmcdqrsYmc vgYs bnlltmhbYshnm hr Ykk Yants-
8- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B Yqd cheehbtks sn tmcdqrsYmc-
0/- Hs hr dYrx sn tmcdqrsYmc rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B-
00- Rstcdmsr vgn trd ??B cnm s khjd sn sYkj Yants sgd rYld sghmfr H cn-
EYlhkhYqhsx Hsdlr
0- Cn xnt gYud Y eqhdmc vhsg Y chrYahkhsx=
1- He rn* cndr gd.rgd fn sn xntq rbgnnk=
2- Hm sgd kYrs vddj gYud xnt sYkjdc sn nq hmsdqYbsdc vhsg Y rstcdms vgn gYr Y chrYahkhsx=
3- GYud xnt dudq addm hmunkudc hm Ym Ybshuhsx vgdqd xnt vnqjdc nq hmsdqYbsdc vhsg rstcdmsr vhsg chrYahkhshdr=
4- OkdYrd bhqbkd sgd Ymrvdq sgYs lnrs bknrdkx lYsbgdr gnv nesdm xnt hmsdqYbs vhsg Ymnsgdq rstcdms vhsg Y chrYahkhsx-
?- Dudqx cYx A- ?s kdYrs nmbd Y vddj
B- ?s kdYrs nmbd Y lnmsg C- Jdrr sgYm nmbd Y lnmsg
5- H Yl udqx eYlhkhYq vhsg rstcdmsr vhsg chrYahkhshdr- !qYsdc nm Y 0,4 rbYkd(
6- H Yl udqx bnlenqsYakd hmsdqYbshmf vhsg rstcdmsr vhsg chrYahkhshdr- !qYsdc nm Y 0,4 rbYkd(

Lnsd, ??S??B’1 < ?rrdrrldms ne ?sshstcdr SnvYqc ?tfldmsYshud Ymc ?ksdqmYshud BnlltmhbYshnm–1-

475 HntplWi ne Roddag JWlftWfd Wlc FdWphlf PdrdWpag Unk- 42 461’476 Itmd 1/0/
2oodmcgv A, Rbqhos-

! O( Gdx* vgYs r to=

!?( Mns ltbg* xnt=
! O( Mns ltbg dhsgdq* ats H l fkYc sgYs Lq- Ingmrnm bYmbdkkdc sgd sdrs snlnqqnv
!?( Ld snn- H l mns qdYcx enq hs-
! O( SgYs r fnhmf sn gdko ld rn ltbg–ghr sdrsr Yqd hlonrrhakd
!?( SgYs oYodq hr ctd LnmcYx-
! O( WdYg* H mddc sn rsYqs vqhshmf-
!?( Hr xntq qdrdYqbg cnmd=
! O( H knnjdc rnld rstee to nm sgd Hmsdqmds kYrs mhfgs* ats sgdm H fns Ym HL eqnl Dqhm* Ymc H chcm s fds ltbg lnqd cnmd
Yesdq sgYs- Gnv Yants xnt=
!?( Lx qdrdYqbg hr cnmd- Ats* H gYudm s vqhssdm Ymxsghmf- H vhrg H gYc Y mdv bnlotsdq- Lhmd hr rknv-
! O( Vd fns Y mdv CDJJ kYrs rtlldq- Hs c ad qdYkkx mhbd dwbdos sgYs H gYud sn rgYqd hs vhsg lx rhrsdq* Ymc hs rddlr khjd
rgd r YkvYxr nm hs vgdm H mddc hs-
!?( Lx bnlotsdq hr nkc- Ats* H cnm s gYud sn rgYqd-
! O( Lx rhrsdq hr fnhmf nts snmhfgs* rn H sghmj H kk sqx sn fds lx qdrdYqbg cnmd- ?qd xnt fnhmf sn rsYqs vqhshmf xntq oYodq
snmhfgs=
!?( OqnaYakx mns- Hs r SgtqrcYx- Cphdlcr hr nm SU-
! O( WdYg* H jmnv vgYs xnt ldYm–H cnm s eddk khjd cnhmf gnldvnqj Yesdq H rsYqs vYsbghmf SU dhsgdq-
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! O( SgYmjr* rdd xY Yqntmc-
!?( SYkj sn xnt kYsdq-

Lnsd, !?( < ??B trdq: ! O( < bnlltmhbYshnm oYqsmdq-

Adbi ds Yk,7 .cnidradlsr .sshstcdr SnuWpc Nddpr Ugn Trd ..A 476
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