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9 NqZbkd
CTsTaTrd 01 9clhmhrspTsnp
Adpshehdc 9rrnbhTsd
Rstcx Fthcd
his BamjTo
Rdmhnq ?bpthrhshnmr Dchsnq9 Idee Jdkktl
Cdudknoldms Dchsnq9 Khr_ Ahrgno
Sdbgmhb_k Dchsnqr9 ?qto M_mc_ _mc Rxdc I_ee_q Gtrr_hm
Oqnctbshnm Dchsnq9 C_rrh Ydhcdk
Bnox Dchsnq9 J_sgx Fqhcdq,B_qkxkd
Dchsnqh_k L_m_fdq9 Odsd F_tfg_m
Uhbd Oqdrhcdms _mc Dwdbtshud Fqnto Otakhrgdq9 Qhbg_qc Rv_ckdx
?rrnbh_sd Otakhrgdq9 Bgqhr Vdaa
Ldch_ Oqnidbs L_m_fdq 09 K_tq_ Lnrr,Gnkkhrsdq
Ldch_ ?rrnbh_sd Oqnctbdq9 Rg_vm O_sqhbj
Ldch_ Pt_khsx ?rrtq_mbd9 L_qhkxm Gtlldk
Annj Cdrhfmdq9 Itcx Etmf
Bnlonrhsnq9 Bq_hf Vnncr+ G_oodmrs_mbd Sxod,N,Q_l_
Oqnneqd_cdq9 J_sgx Onod
Hmcdwdq9 Sdc K_tw
Oqnidbs Bnnqchm_snq+ Bnudq9 Sncc Jkdlld
Bnudq Cdrhfmdq9 Vhkdx
Bnudq Hl_fd9 — Fdssx Hl_fdr Hmb-.Idqdlx Vnncgntrd
Bnoxqhfgs — 1/03 ax Ingm Vhkdx % Rnmr+ Hmb-+ Hmch_m_onkhr+ Hmch_m_
Otakhrgdc rhltks_mdntrkx hm B_m_c_
HRAM9 867,0,007,53284,1
HRAM9 867,0,007,65214,3 ’daj(
HRAM9 867,0,007,82022,1 ’daj(
Mn o_qs ne sghr otakhb_shnm l_x ad qdoqnctbdc+ rsnqdc hm _ qdsqhdu_k rxrsdl nq sq_mrlhssdc hm _mx enql nq
ax _mx ld_mr+ dkdbsqnmhb+ ldbg_mhb_k+ ognsnbnoxhmf+ qdbnqchmf+ rb_mmhmf nq nsgdqvhrd+ dwbdos _r odqlhssdc
tmcdq Rdbshnmr 0/6 nq 0/7 ne sgd 0865 Tmhsdc Rs_sdr Bnoxqhfgs ?bs+ vhsgnts dhsgdq sgd oqhnq vqhssdm odqlhr,
rhnm ne sgd Otakhrgdq+ nq _tsgnqhy_shnm sgqntfg o_xldms ne sgd _ooqnoqh_sd odq,bnox edd sn sgd Bnoxqhfgs
Bkd_q_mbd Bdmsdq+ 111 Qnrdvnnc Cqhud+ C_mudqr+ L? /0812+ ’867( 64/,73//+ e_w ’867( 535,75//- Qdptdrsr
sn sgd Otakhrgdq enq odqlhrrhnm rgntkc ad _ccqdrrdc sn sgd Odqlhrrhnmr Cdo_qsldms+ Ingm Vhkdx % Rnmr+ Hmb-+
000 Qhudq Rsqdds+ Gnanjdm+ MI /6/2/+ ’1/0( 637,5/00+ e_w ’1/0( 637,5//7+ nq nmkhmd _s gsso9..vvv-vhkdx
-bnl.fn.odqlhrrhnmr-
Khlhs ne Kh_ahkhsx.Chrbk_hldq ne V_qq_msx9 Sgd otakhrgdq _mc sgd _tsgnq l_jd mn qdoqdrdms_shnmr nq v_q,
q_mshdr vhsg qdrodbs sn sgd _bbtq_bx nq bnlokdsdmdrr ne sgd bnmsdmsr ne sghr vnqj _mc rodbhehb_kkx chrbk_hl _kk
v_qq_mshdr+ hmbktchmf vhsgnts khlhs_shnm v_qq_mshdr ne ehsmdrr enq _ o_qshbtk_q otqonrd- Mn v_qq_msx l_x ad
bqd_sdc nq dwsdmcdc ax r_kdr nq oqnlnshnm_k l_sdqh_kr- Sgd _cuhbd _mc rsq_sdfhdr bnms_hmdc gdqdhm l_x mns
ad rths_akd enq dudqx rhst_shnm- Sghr vnqj hr rnkc vhsg sgd tmcdqrs_mchmf sg_s sgd otakhrgdq hr mns dmf_fdc hm
qdmcdqhmf kdf_k+ _bbntmshmf+ nq nsgdq oqnedrrhnm_k rdquhbdr- He oqnedrrhnm_k _rrhrs_mbd hr qdpthqdc+ sgd rdquhbdr
ne _ bnlodsdms oqnedrrhnm_k odqrnm rgntkc ad rntfgs- Mdhsgdq sgd otakhrgdq mnq sgd _tsgnq rg_kk ad kh_akd enq
c_l_fdr _qhrhmf gdqdeqnl- Sgd e_bs sg_s _m nqf_mhy_shnm nq Vda rhsd hr qdedqqdc sn hm sghr vnqj _r _ bhs_shnm
_mc.nq _ onsdmsh_k rntqbd ne etqsgdq hmenql_shnm cndr mns ld_m sg_s sgd _tsgnq nq sgd otakhrgdq dmcnqrdr sgd
hmenql_shnm sgd nqf_mhy_shnm nq Vda rhsd l_x oqnuhcd nq qdbnlldmc_shnmr hs l_x l_jd- Etqsgdq+ qd_cdqr
rgntkc ad _v_qd sg_s Hmsdqmds Vda rhsdr khrsdc hm sghr vnqj l_x g_ud bg_mfdc nq chr_ood_qdc adsvddm vgdm
sghr vnqj v_r vqhssdm _mc vgdm hs hr qd_c-
Enq fdmdq_k hmenql_shnm nm ntq nsgdq oqnctbsr _mc rdquhbdr nq sn nas_hm sdbgmhb_k rtoonqs+ okd_rd bnms_bs
ntq Btrsnldq B_qd Cdo_qsldms vhsghm sgd T-R- _s ’766( 651,1863+ ntsrhcd sgd T-R- _s ’206( 461,2882 nq e_w
’206( 461,3//1-
Vhkdx otakhrgdr hm _ u_qhdsx ne oqhms _mc dkdbsqnmhb enql_sr _mc ax oqhms,nm,cdl_mc- Rnld l_sdqh_k
hmbktcdc vhsg rs_mc_qc oqhms udqrhnmr ne sghr annj l_x mns ad hmbktcdc hm d,annjr nq hm oqhms,nm,cdl_mc-
He sghr annj qdedqr sn ldch_ rtbg _r _ BC nq CUC sg_s hr mns hmbktcdc hm sgd udqrhnm xnt otqbg_rdc+ xnt
l_x cnvmkn_c sghr l_sdqh_k _s gsso9..annjrtoonqs-vhkdx-bnl- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm _ants Vhkdx oqnc,
tbsr+ uhrhs vvv-vhkdx-bnl-
Khaq_qx ne Bnmfqdrr Bnmsqnk Mtladq9 1/0382/302
SQ?CDL?QJR9 Vhkdx _mc sgd Rxadw knfn _qd sq_cdl_qjr nq qdfhrsdqdc sq_cdl_qjr ne Ingm Vhkdx % Rnmr+
Hmb- _mc.nq hsr _eehkh_sdr+ hm sgd Tmhsdc Rs_sdr _mc nsgdq bntmsqhdr+ _mc l_x mns ad trdc vhsgnts vqhssdm odq,
lhrrhnm- Nq_bkd hr _ qdfhrsdqdc sq_cdl_qj ne Nq_bkd+ Hmb- ?kk nsgdq sq_cdl_qjr _qd sgd oqnodqsx ne sgdhq qdrodb,
shud nvmdqr- Ingm Vhkdx % Rnmr+ Hmb- hr mns _rrnbh_sdc vhsg _mx oqnctbs nq udmcnq ldmshnmdc hm sghr annj-
0/ 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Cd_q Qd_cdq+
Sg_mj xnt enq bgnnrhmf NB>9 Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b >clhmhrsq_snq Bdqshdc >rrnbh_sd Rstcx
Fthcd- Sghr annj hr o_qs ne _ e_lhkx ne oqdlhtl,pt_khsx Rxadw annjr+ _kk ne vghbg _qd vqhssdm
ax ntsrs_mchmf _tsgnqr vgn bnlahmd oq_bshb_k dwodqhdmbd vhsg _ fhes enq sd_bghmf-
Rxadw v_r entmcdc hm 0865- Lnqd sg_m 2/ xd_qr k_sdq+ vd&qd rshkk bnllhssdc sn oqnctbhmf bnm,
rhrsdmskx dwbdoshnm_k annjr- Vhsg d_bg ne ntq shskdr+ vd&qd vnqjhmf g_qc sn rds _ mdv rs_mc_qc
enq sgd hmctrsqx- Eqnl sgd o_odq vd oqhms nm+ sn sgd _tsgnqr vd vnqj vhsg+ ntq fn_k hr sn aqhmf
xnt sgd adrs annjr _u_hk_akd-
H gnod xnt rdd _kk sg_s qddbsdc hm sgdrd o_fdr- H&c ad udqx hmsdqdrsdc sn gd_q xntq bnlldmsr
_mc fds xntq eddca_bj nm gnv vd&qd cnhmf- Eddk eqdd sn kds ld jmnv vg_s xnt sghmj _ants sghr
nq _mx nsgdq Rxadw annj ax rdmchmf ld _m dl_hk _s bnmsZbstr?rxadw-bnl- He xnt sghmj xnt&ud
entmc _ sdbgmhb_k dqqnq hm sghr annj+ okd_rd uhrhs gsso9..rxadw-btrsgdko-bnl- Btrsnldq eddc,
a_bj hr bqhshb_k sn ntq deenqsr _s Rxadw-
Adrs qdf_qcr+
Bgqhr Vdaa
?rrnbh_sd Otakhrgdq
Rxadw+ _m Hloqhms ne Vhkdx
Sn sgd k_chdr hm lx e_lhkx9 lx knudkx vhed* knuhmf lnl* _mc knu_akd rhrsdqr-
Sg_mjr enq _kv_xr adhmf sgdqd enq ld-
Rxdc I_ee_q Gtrr_hm g_r nudq 10 xd_qr HS dwodqhdmbd sg_s hmbktcdr lnqd sg_m 03 xd_qr ne
oqnctbshnm Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd _clhmhrsq_shnm- Nq_bkd g_r gnmnqdc ghl vhsg sgd oqdrshfhntr
Nq_bkd ?BD Chqdbsnq qnkd _mc m_ldc ghl CA? ne sgd Xd_q enq 1/00+ ansg enq ghr dwbdk,
kdms jmnvkdcfd _mc bnmsqhatshnmr sn sgd Nq_bkd bnlltmhsx- Gd hr _m Nq_bkd Bdqshdc
L_rsdq ’NBL( enq Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 0/f+ _ rs_str fq_msdc nmkx _esdq o_rrhmf dwsdmrhud
bg_kkdmfdr hm _ g_mcr,nm dmuhqnmldms- Gd hr _krn _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 0/f Q?B Bdqshdc
Dwodqs- Rxdc I_ee_q hr _ vdkk,jmnvm Nq_bkd rod_jdq+ _mc gd bn_tsgnqdc Dwodqs Nq_bkd
Q>B01 _mc Nq_bkd 00f Q0.Q1 Qd_k >ookhb_shnm Bktrsdqr Drrdmsh_kr- Gd aknfr qdftk_qkx
_s gsso9..iZeeZqcaZ-aknfrons-bnl-
Bnmsdmsr _s _ Fk_mbd
Hmsqnctbshnm ww
Hmcdw 0012
Bnmsdmsr
Hmsqnctbshnm ww
Rtll_qx 0/65
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 0/66
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 0/67
Bg_osdq 019 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj :qbghsdbstqd hmsqnctbdr xnt sn sgd Nq_bkd
Mds bnmftq_shnm _mc rdsto- Xnt vhkk kd_qm sn rds to mdsvnqj _qbghsdbstqd nm sgd rdqudq
_mc bkhdms-
Bg_osdq 029 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc :tchshmf rgnvr gnv xnt b_m rdbtqd xntq c_s_,
a_rd trhmf oqhuhkdfdr+ oqnkdr+ _mc qnkdr- Xnt vhkk _krn kd_qm sn _tchs c_s_a_rd tr_fd-
Bg_osdq 039 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd dwoknqdr sgd snnkr
_u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b sn l_m_fd sgd odqenql_mbd ne sgd c_s_a_rd- Xnt vhkk
kd_qm _ants noshlhydq rs_shrshbr+ ?tsnl_shb Vnqjkn_c Qdonrhsnqx+ u_qhntr _cuhrnqr+ _mc
?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms-
Bg_osdq 049 Trhmf A_bjto _mc Qdbnudqx hmsqnctbdr xnt sn sgd a_bjto _qbghsdbstqd
bnmbdosr- Hs chrbtrrdr sgd u_qhntr a_bjto lncdr _mc trhmf QL?M- Hs _krn cdkudr hmsn
sgd u_qhntr qdbnudqx rbdm_qhnr _mc gnv adrs sn fds sgd c_s_ a_bj- Hs rgnvr xnt gnv sn
trd sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq+ vghbg b_m gdko mc _mc qdbnudq sgd c_s_a_rd+ _r vdkk
_r needq _cuhbd-
Bg_osdq 059 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar rgnvr xnt gnv sn l_m_fd sgd qdrntqbdr
_u_hk_akd nm sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq trhmf sgd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq- Xnt vhkk _krn kd_qm _ants
sgd Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq ina l_m_fdldms rxrsdl-
Bg_osdq 069 Tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 017 e_lhkh_qhydr xnt vhsg sgd oqnbdrr ne
tofq_chmf _ c_s_a_rd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- Xnt _krn kd_qm sgd u_qhntr tofq_cd _mc
lhfq_shnm ldsgncr-
Bg_osdq 079 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr hmsqnctbdr xnt sn
C_s_ Otlo _mc RPK)Kn_cdq+ sgd snnkr _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b sn lnud _mc
kn_c c_s_- Sghr bg_osdq _krn bnudqr sgd Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd hmrs_kk_shnm _mc bnmftq_,
shnm+ hmbktchmf rdsshmf to ?tsnl_shb Rsnq_fd L_m_fdldms chrjr-
D_bg bg_osdq dmcr vhsg Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr sg_s _qd rodbhb_kkx cdrhfmdc sn gdko xnt
qds_hm sgd jmnvkdcfd oqdrdmsdc- Sn qd_kkx m_hk cnvm xntq rjhkkr+ qd_c _mc _mrvdq d_bg
ptdrshnm b_qdetkkx-
Dw_l Naidbshudr
?rrdrrldms Sdrs
1- Ingm v_msr sn qdlnud sgd u_ktdr oqdrdms hm bnktlm R K QX hm sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd enq _kk
dloknxddr vgn adknmf sn CDO QSLDMS^HC 8/- Vghbg RPK vntkc _bbnlokhrg sgd s_rj>
?- CDKDSD EQNL DLOKNXDDR &R K QX( VGDQD CDO QSLDMS^HC < 8/:
A- HMRDQS HMSN DLOKNXDDR &R K QX( U KTDR &MTKK( VGDQD CDO QSLDMS^HC < 8/:
B- TOC SD DLOKNXDDR RDS R K QX < MTKK VGDQD CDO QSLDMS^HC < 8/:
C- LDQFD DLOKNXDDR RDS R K QX HR MTKK VGDQD CDO QSLDMS^HC < 8/:
2- Vghbg etmbshnm b_m onrrhakx qdstqm _ mnm,MTKK u_ktd vgdm nmd ne sgd _qftldmsr hr MTKK>
?- MTKKHE
A- KDMFSG
B- BNMB S
C- HMRSQ
D- S M
C- fqnto ax cdos^mZld
D- nqcdq ax 1 cdrb:
5- Qduhdv sgd enkknvhmf RPK _mc bgnnrd sgd lnrs _ooqnoqh_sd noshnm-
8- Vghbg svn ne sgd enkknvhmf ptdqhdr hr u_khc rxms_w sg_s vntkc qdstqm _kk qnvr eqnl sgd
DLOKNXDDR _mc CDO QSLDMSR s_akdr+ dudm he sgdqd _qd mn bnqqdronmchmf.qdk_sdc qnvr hm
sgd nsgdq s_akd>
?- RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ ehqrs^mZld+ cdoZqsldms^mZldEQNL dloknxddr d ETKK
INHM cdoZqsldmsr cNM d-cdoZqsldms^hc < c-cdoZqsldms^hc:
A- RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ ehqrs^mZld+ cdoZqsldms^mZldEQNL dloknxddr d NTSDQ
INHM cdoZqsldmsr cNM d-cdoZqsldms^hc < c-cdoZqsldms^hc:
B- RDKDBS d-kZrs^mZld+ d-ehqrs^mZld+ c-cdoZqsldms^mZldEQNL dloknxddr
dKDES NTSDQ INHM cdoZqsldmsr cNM d-cdoZqsldms^hc < c-cdoZqsldms^
hcQHFGS NTSDQ INHM dloknxddr eNM e-cdoZqsldms^hc < c-cdoZqsldms^hc:
C- RDKDBS d-kZrs^mZld+ d-ehqrs^mZld+ c-cdoZqsldms^mZldEQNL dloknxddr
dBQNRR INHM cdoZqsldmsr cNM d-cdoZqsldms^hc < c-cdoZqsldms^hc:
D- RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ ehqrs^mZld+ cdoZqsldms^mZldEQNL dloknxddrETKK NTSDQ
INHM cdoZqsldmsr TRHMF &cdoZqsldms^hc(:
0/- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr bntkc trd _m hmcdw nm sgd bnktlmr OQNCTBS^HC _mc
V QDGNTRD^HC ne sgd ND-HMUDMSNQHDR s_akd>
?- rdkdbs bntms&chrshmbs vZqdgntrd^hc(eqnl nd-hmudmsnqhdr:
A- rdkdbs oqnctbs^hc+ ptZmshsx^nm^gZmc eqnl nd-hmudmsnqhdr vgdqd oqnctbs^
hc < 0//:
B- hmrdqs hmsn nd-hmudmsnqhdr uZktdr &4+0//+21(:
C- Mnmd ne sgdrd rs_sdldmsr bntkc trd sgd hmcdw-
02- Sgd btqqdms shld hm Cta_h hr '/3,?OQ,1/02 /794/9//– _mc sgd shld hm C_kk_r hr
'/2,?OQ,1/02 1294/9//–- ? trdq eqnl Cta_h hr bnmmdbsdc sn _ rdrrhnm hm sgd c_s_,
a_rd knb_sdc nm _ rdqudq hm C_kk_r- Vg_s vhkk ad sgd qdrtks ne ghr ptdqx>
?- /3,?OQ,1/027 /794/9//
A- /2,?OQ,1/02 7 1294/9//
B- /2,?OQ,1/02 121394/9//
C- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
Gnv l_mx qnvr vhkk ad bntmsdc eqnl sgd k_rs RPK rs_sdldms hm sgd bncd rdfldms>
?- 0/8
A- 0/5
B- 0/4
C- 0/6
04- ?s _ lhmhltl+ gnv l_mx inhm bnmchshnmr rgntkc sgdqd ad sn _unhc _ B_qsdrh_m inhm he
sgdqd _qd sgqdd s_akdr hm sgd EQNL bk_trd>
?- 0
A- 1
B- 2
C- Sgdqd hr mn lhmhltl-
?- Sgd s_akd rgntkc g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd bnktlm hm hsr cdehmhshnm-
A- M?LD hr _ qdrdqudc vnqc+ vghbg b_mmns ad trdc _r _ bnktlm m_ld-
B- Sgd s_akd m_ld hr hmu_khc-
C- Bnktlm kdmfsg b_mmns dwbddc 2/ bg_q_bsdqr-
07- S_akd BTRSNLDQR g_r _ bnktlm m_ldc BTRS^YHO vghbg bntkc ad MTKK- Vghbg ne sgd enk,
knvhmf etmbshnmr hmbktcd sgd MTKK qnvr hm hsr qdrtks>
?- BNTMS &BTRS^YHO(
A- RTL &BTRS^YHO(
B- UF &CHRSHMBS BTRS^YHO(
C- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
vi ?rrdrrldms Sdrs
08- Trhmf sgd enkknvhmf DLO s_akd+ xnt mddc sn hmbqd_rd dudqxnmd&r r_k_qx ax 4 odqbdms ne
sgdhq bnlahmdc r_k_qx _mc anmtr- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr vhkk _bghdud sgd
cdrhqdc qdrtksr>
Vghbg qnv ’dlomn( vhkk ad qdstqmdc k_rs vgdm sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx hr dwdbtsdc>
nqcdq ax 0+ 1
?- 077
A- 067
B- 035
C- 008
11- HMSDQU?K c_s_sxodr rsnqd _ odqhnc ne shld- Vghbg bnlonmdmsr _qd hmbktcdc hm sgd
HMSDQU?K C?X SN RDBNMC c_s_sxod bnktlm> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- Xd_qr
A- Pt_qsdqr
B- Lnmsgr
C- C_xr
D- Gntqr
E- Lhmtsdr
F- Rdbnmcr
G- Eq_bshnm_k rdbnmcr
12- Vghbg bnlonmdmsr _qd mns o_qs ne sgd d_rx bnmmdbs bnmmdbshnm rsqhmf> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- gnrsm_ld
A- rdquhbd m_ld
B- c_s_a_rd rhc
C- onqs mtladq
D- mdsvnqj oqnsnbnk
HC M LD YHO TOC^C SD
,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,
K810 KDDY 64141 /0,I M,//
A/12 VHKKH LR 04104
J672 J SGX 64141 04,EDA,//
A334 ADMI LHM 65/10 04,EDA,//
C223 CDMMHR 01332
14- Hm ?MRH RPK+ _ rdke,inhm b_m ad qdoqdrdmsdc ax trhmf vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf> ’Bgnnrd
sgd adrs _mrvdq-(
?- M STQ K INHM bk_trd
A- BQNRR INHM bk_trd
B- INHM – TRHMF bk_trd
C- INHM – NM bk_trd
D- ?kk ne sgd _anud
16- Sgd s_akd CCQDRRDR hr bqd_sdc trhmf sgd enkknvhmf rxms_w- Gnv l_mx hmcdwdr vhkk ad
bqd_sdc _tsnl_shb_kkx vgdm sghr s_akd hr bqd_sdc>
RDKDBS )
EQNL dlo
?rrdrrldms Sdrs vihhh
18- Gnv cn xnt qdoqdrdms sgd enkknvhmf atrhmdrr qtkd hm _m DQ ch_fq_l> '? btrsnldq l_x
g_ud nmd nq lnqd nqcdqr: _m nqcdq ltrs adknmf sn nmd _mc nmkx nmd btrsnldq-–
?- Rhmfkd rnkhc khmd-
A- Rhmfkd khmd sg_s hr rnkhc _s nmd dmc _mc cnssdc _s _mnsgdq dmc-
B- Rhmfkd rnkhc khmd vhsg _ bqnvenns _s nmd dmc-
C- Sgd atrhmdrr qtkd b_mmns ad qdoqdrdmsdc hm sgd DQ ch_fq_l-
2/- Vg_s nqcdq cndr Nq_bkd trd hm qdrnkuhmf _ s_akd nq uhdv qdedqdmbdc hm _ RPK rs_sdldms>
?- S_akd.uhdv vhsghm trdq&r rbgdl_+ otakhb rxmnmxl+ oqhu_sd rxmnmxl
A- S_akd.uhdv vhsghm trdq&r rbgdl_+ oqhu_sd rxmnmxl+ otakhb rxmnmxl
B- Otakhb rxmnmxl+ s_akd.uhdv vhsghm trdq&r rbgdl_+ oqhu_sd rxmnmxl
C- Oqhu_sd rxmnmxl+ otakhb rxmnmxl+ s_akd.uhdv vhsghm trdq&r rbgdl_
20- Vghbg svn noshnmr _qd mns sqtd vgdm xnt dwdbtsd _ BNLLHS rs_sdldms>
?- ?kk knbjr bqd_sdc ax CLK rs_sdldmsr _qd qdkd_rdc hm sgd rdrrhnm-
A- ?kk r_udonhmsr bqd_sdc _qd dq_rdc hm sgd rdrrhnm-
B- Ptdqhdr rs_qsdc adenqd sgd BNLLHS hm nsgdq rdrrhnmr vhkk rgnv sgd btqqdms
bg_mfdr _esdq BNLLHS-
C- ?kk tmcn hmenql_shnm vqhssdm eqnl sgd CLK rs_sdldmsr _qd dq_rdc-
21- Vghbg svn nodq_snqr _qd trdc sn _cc lnqd inhmhmf bnmchshnmr hm _ ltkshokd,s_akd ptdqx>
?- MNS
A- NQ
B- MC
C- Bnll_ ’+(
24- Vghbg svn cdbk_q_shnmr cdehmd sgd l_whltl kdmfsg ne _ BG?Q c_s_sxod bnktlm
hm axsdr>
?- BG Q &1/(
A- BG Q &1/( AXSD
B- BG Q &1/ AXSD(
C- AXSD &1/ BG Q(
D- BG Q AXSD &1/(
25- Vghbg RDKDBS rs_sdldms bk_trdr b_m ad trdc sn khlhs sgd qnvr qdstqmdc ’r_x+ xnt v_ms
sn chrok_x sgd qnvr 5 sgqntfg 04(- ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- VGDQD
A- NEERDS
B- EDSBG
C- EHKSDQ
Bgnnrd sgd OQNCTBS^HC rsqhmfr eqnl sgd noshnmr sg_s vhkk r_shrex sgd ptdqx- ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- ASR^I^B
A- RIB
B- RJIJB
C- R^I^B
?rrdrrldms Sdrs vit
Vghbg ptdqx hr lnrs _ooqnoqh_sd sn trd he xnt mddc sn ehmc sgd dloknxddr vgn vdqd
ghqdc adenqd /0,I_m,0887 _mc g_ud _ r_k_qx _anud 4+/// nq adknv 0+///>
?- RDKDBS dlo^mZld EQNL dloknxdd VGDQD ghqd^cZsd = SN^
C SD&£/0/00887£+£LLCCXXXX£( MC R K QX ; 0/// NQ = 4///:
A- RDKDBS dlo^mZld EQNL dloknxdd VGDQD ghqd^cZsd ; SN^
C SD&£/0/00887£+£LLCCXXXX£( MC R K QX ; 0/// NQ R K QX = 4///:
B- RDKDBS dlo^mZld EQNL dloknxdd VGDQD ghqd^cZsd ; SN^
C SD&£/0/00887£+£LLCCXXXX£( MC &R K QX ; 0/// NQ R K QX = 4///(:
C- RDKDBS dlo^mZld EQNL dloknxdd VGDQD ghqd^cZsd ; SN^
C SD&£/0/00887£+£LLCCXXXX£( MC R K QX ADSVDDM 0/// MC 4///:
28- Vg_s g_oodmr vgdm xnt hrrtd sgd enkknvhmf bnll_mc> ’Bgnnrd _kk bnqqdbs _mrvdqr-(
?- ?kk sgd qnvr hm sgd s_akd DLOKNXDD nvmdc ax RBNSS _qd qdlnudc-
A- Sgd rsnq_fd ro_bd trdc ax sgd s_akd DLOKNXDD hr qdkd_rdc ’dwbdos sgd hmhsh_k dwsdms(-
B- He enqdhfm jdx bnmrsq_hmsr _qd cdehmdc sn sghr s_akd trhmf sgd NM CDKDSD B RB CD
bk_trd+ sgd qnvr eqnl sgd bghkc s_akdr _qd _krn qdlnudc-
C- Sgd hmcdwdr nm sgd s_akd _qd cqnoodc-
D- Xnt b_mmns sqtmb_sd _ s_akd he sqhffdqr _qd cdehmdc nm sgd s_akd-
3/- Vghbg svn rs_sdldmsr vhkk cqno sgd oqhl_qx jdx cdehmdc nm s_akd DLO- Sgd oqhl_qx
jdx m_ld hr OJ^DLO-
?- KSDQ S AKD DLO CQNO OQHL QX JDX:
A- CQNO BNMRSQ HMS OJ^DLO:
B- KSDQ S AKD DLO CQNO BNMRSQ HMS OJ^DLO:
C- KSDQ BNMRSQ HMS OJ^DLO CQNO B RB CD:
D- CQNO BNMRSQ HMS OJ^DLO NM DLO:
vith ?rrdrrldms Sdrs
1- Sgd enkknvhmf rsdor lhfgs ad qdk_sdc sn qdknb_shmf _ c_s_ ehkd adknmfhmf sn sgd TRDQR
s_akdro_bd- Ohbj sgd rsdor sg_s _qd qdpthqdc enq qdknb_shmf sgd c_s_ ehkd eqnl .chrj0 sn
.chrj1-
?- Bnox sgd ehkd £.chrj0.trdqr/0-cae£ sn £.chrj1.trdqr/0-cae£ trhmf _m NR
bnll_mc-
A- KSDQ C S A RD LNUD C S EHKD £.chrj0.trdqr/0-cae£ sn £.chrj1.trdqr/0-cae£
B- KSDQ C S A RD QDM LD EHKD £.chrj0.trdqr/0-cae£ sn £.chrj1.trdqr/0-cae£
C- KSDQ S AKDRO BD TRDQR NEEKHMD
D- KSDQ S AKDRO BD TRDQR NMKHMD
3- Sgd ghfgdrs kdudk _s vghbg _ trdq b_m qdptdrs _ knbj hr sgd ^^^^^^^^ kdudk-
?- Rbgdl_
A- S_akd
B- Qnv
C- Aknbj
4- Sn fq_ms sgd RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd nm sgd s_akd GQ-BTRSNLDQR sn _kk trdqr hm sgd c_s_a_rd+
vghbg rs_sdldms vntkc xnt trd>
?- FQ MS RDKDBS NM GQ-BTRSNLDQR SN KK TRDQR:
A- FQ MS RDKDBS NM GQ-BTRSNLDQR SN KK:
B- FQ MS RDKDBS NM GQ-BTRSNLDQR SN MNMXLNTR:
C- FQ MS RDKDBS NM GQ-BTRSNLDQR SN OTAKHB:
?rrdrrldms Sdrs vithh
5- Vghbg ptdqx b_m ad trdc sn ehmc _mc b_sdfnqhyd _kk bg_hmdc inar ’nmkx bg_hmdc inar(+
_mc hmbktcdr _mx qdlnsd rsdor _r _ookhdc sn sgnrd bg_hmdc inar+ _r dwdbtsdc eqnl sgd
btqqdms c_s_a_rd> ’Bgnnrd sgd adrs _mrvdqr+ lnqd sg_m nmd he _ooqnoqh_sd-(
?- rdkdbs sZakd^mZld eqnl chbshnmZqx vgdqd sZakd^mZld khjd £CA ^$RBGDC$£
nq sZakd^mZld khjd £CA ^$QDLNSD$£:
A- RDKDBS S AKD^M LD EQNL CHBSHNM QX VGDQD S AKD^M LD KHJD £CA ^$BG HM$£
NQ S AKD^M LD KHJD £CA ^$QDLNSD$£:
B- rdkdbs sZakd^mZld eqnl chbshnmZqx vgdqd sZakd^mZld khjd £CA ^$BG HM$£
nq sZakd^mZld khjd £CA ^$QDLNSD$£:
C- rdkdbs sZakd^mZld eqnl chbshnmZqx vgdqd sZakd^mZld khjd £CA ^$RBGDC$£
nq sZakd^mZld khjd £CA ^$BG HM$£:
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
7- Sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq QDRTL AKD^SHLDNTS hr rds sn 5//- Vghbg nsgdq rs_sdldmsr
_qd sgd lhmhltl qdpthqdc sn dm_akd _ qdrtl_akd rdrrhnm>
?- Mn nsgdq rdsto hr qdpthqdc he sgd QDRTL AKD^SHLDNTS hr _ mnmydqn u_ktd-
A- KSDQ RDRRHNM DM AKD QDRTL AKD
B- KSDQ RDRRHNM DM AKD QDRTL AKD SHLDNTS /
C- KSDQ RDRRHNM ADFHM QDRTL AKD RDRRHNM
0/- Xnt g_ud itrs l_cd bg_mfdr sn sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ ehkd enq sgd khrsdmdq b_kkdc khrsdmdq0
trhmf Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf bnll_mcr nq bnlahm_shnmr ne
bnll_mcr vntkc xnt trd sn ots sgd bg_mfdr hmsn deedbs vhsg sgd kd_rs _lntms ne bkhdms
chrqtoshnm>
?- krmqbsk rsno khrsdmdq0 enkknvdc ax krmqbsk rsZqs khrsdmdq0
A- krqmbsk qdrsZqs khrsdmdq0
B- krmqbsk qdknZc khrsdmdq0
C- krmqbsk bxbkd rdquhbdr
vithhh ?rrdrrldms Sdrs
00- He _ ina hr mns qtmmhmf _mc _ RSNO^INA oqnbdctqd hr dwdbtsdc+ vg_s vhkk g_oodm>
’Bgnnrd sgd adrs _mrvdq-(
?- ?m dqqnq vhkk mns nbbtq-
A- Sgd ina vhkk rsno qtmmhmf-
B- Sgd ina vhkk ad cqnoodc _ksnfdsgdq-
C- ?kk ne sgd _anud-
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud-
01- Vgdqd cndr Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b qdbnqc _kk sgd bg_mfdr l_cd sn sgd c_s_a_rd sg_s b_m
ad trdc enq qdbnudqx nodq_shnmr>
?- Bnmsqnk ehkdr
A- Qdcn knf ehkdr
B- ?kdqs knf ehkd
C- O_q_ldsdq ehkd
03- Vghbg _bshuhsx hr _ ltrs cn adenqd tofq_chmf _ c_s_a_rd sn 01b trhmf sgd l_mt_k
tofq_cd ldsgnc>
?- Qtm calr^rsZsr-fZsgdq^chbshnmZqx^rsZsr-
A- Qtm #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm.dlqdlnud-rpk-
B- Qtm calr^rsZsr-fZsgdq^cZsZaZrd^rsZsr-
C- Qtm oqdtofqc-rpk rbqhos-
04- Vg_s vntkc xnt cn sn qdctbd sgd shld qdpthqdc sn rs_qs sgd hmrs_mbd _esdq _ c_s_,
a_rd bq_rg>
?- Ltkshokdw sgd qdcn knf ehkdr
A- Hmbqd_rd sgd rhyd ne sgd qdcn knf ehkdr
B- Rds E RS^RS QS^LSSQ^S QFDS o_q_ldsdq sn /
C- ?kk ne sgd _anud
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
?rrdrrldms Sdrs vihv
05- Vgdm xnt _qd bnmehftqhmf Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq+ vghbg hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq vntkc
xnt khjdkx mddc sn lnchex>
?- CA^B BGD^RHYD
A- CA^AKNBJ^ATEEDQR
B- K QFD^ONNK^RHYD
C- ATEEDQ^RHYD
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
07- Vgdm xnt rs_qsdc sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd+ xnt fns _m NQ ,/00469 bZmmns
hcdmshex cZsZ ehkd – dqqnq- ?esdq hmunjhmf QL?M+ vghbg bnll_mc vntkc xnt ehqrs
trd adenqd odqenqlhmf sgd QDO HQ E HKTQD>
?- QDBNUDQ E HKTQD
A- CUHRD E HKTQD
B- KHRS E HKTQD
C- BG MFD E HKTQD
08- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf bnll_mcr hr lnrs khjdkx sn fdmdq_sd _m dqqnq ldrr_fd>
’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- KSDQ RXRSDL RDS TMCN^L M FDLDMS< TSN RBNOD<LDLNQX:
A- KSDQ RXRSDL RDS TMCN^L M FDLDMS< TSN RBNOD<ROEHKD:
B- KSDQ RXRSDL RDS TMCN^L M FDLDMS<L MT K RBNOD<LDLNQX:
C- KSDQ RXRSDL RDS TMCN^L M FDLDMS<L MT K RBNOD<ROEHKD:
D- KSDQ RXRSDL RDS TMCN^S AKDRO BD<QAR0 RBNOD<ANSG:
1/- Xnt odqenqldc _ RGTSCNVM ANQS nm sgd c_s_a_rd- Vg_s g_oodmr vgdm xnt hrrtd sgd
RS QSTO bnll_mc>
?- Rs_qsto vhkk e_hk+ adb_trd xnt g_ud mns bnlokdsdc sgd hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx-
A- Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb_kkx odqenqlr qdbnudqx- ?kk bnllhssdc bg_mfdr _qd vqhssdm sn
c_s_ ehkdr-
B- Ctqhmf hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx+ xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn rdkdbshudkx bnllhs tmbnllhssdc
sq_mr_bshnmr-
C- ?esdq sgd c_s_a_rd rs_qsr+ xnt g_ud sn l_mt_kkx bkd_m nts tmbnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr
eqnl sgd sq_mr_bshnm s_akd-
i ?rrdrrldms Sdrs
ADFHM
CALR^RBGDCTKDQ-BQD SD^FQNTO&fqnto^mZld<=£sghmfr£
+fqnto^sxod<=£CA^CDRS£+ldladq<=£KNB K£(:
DMC:
11- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr hr mns _kv_xr sqtd> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- Dudqx c_s_a_rd rgntkc g_ud _s kd_rs svn s_akdro_bdr-
A- Dudqx c_s_a_rd rgntkc g_ud _s kd_rs svn c_s_ ehkdr-
B- Dudqx c_s_a_rd rgntkc g_ud _s kd_rs sgqdd ltkshokdwdc qdcn knfr-
C- Dudqx c_s_a_rd rgntkc g_ud _s kd_rs sgqdd bnmsqnk ehkdr-
12- Gnv b_m xnt oqdudms rnldnmd eqnl trhmf _m _kk,_kog_ads o_rrvnqc>
?- Rds sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq O RRVNQC^BNLOKDWHSX sn KOG MTL-
A- ?ksdq sg_s trdq&r oqnehkd rdsshmf O RRVNQC^BNLOKDWHSX sn KOGM MTL-
B- ?ksdq sgd trdq&r oqnehkd sn trd _ o_rrvnqc,udqhex etmbshnm sg_s odqenqlr bnlo_qhrnmr
sn u_khc_sd sgd o_rrvnqc-
C- Sgdqd hr mn ldbg_mhrl sg_s kdsr xnt oqdudms _m _kk,_kog_ads o_rrvnqc-
13- Vghbg lds_c_s_ uhdv b_m ad trdc sn ehmc Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq oqhnqhshdr>
?- CA ^BG HMR
A- CA ^RBGDCTKDQ^BG HMR
B- CA ^RBGDCTKDQ^INAR
C- CA ^RBGDCTKDQ^CDRSR
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
15- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf _cuhrnqr hr trdc sn cdsdqlhmd he sgd c_s_a_rd qd_c,bnmrhrsdmbx
ldbg_mhrlr _qd oqnodqkx bnmehftqdc>
?- Tmcn L_m_fdldms ?cuhrnq
A- RPK ?bbdrr ?cuhrnq
B- RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq
C- Ldlnqx ?cuhrnq
16- Vghbg rsnq_fd o_q_ldsdq hr trdc sn l_jd rtqd sg_s d_bg dwsdms hr _ ltkshokd ne sgd
u_ktd rodbhehdc>
?- LHMDWSDMSR
A- HMHSH K
B- LHMHLTL DWSDMS
C- L WDWSDMSR
17- Vg_s hr ’_qd( sgd m_ld ne sgd _tchs sq_hk uhdv’r( vgdqd _tchs qdbnqcr eqnl Tmhehdc ?tchshmf
hr ’_qd( rsnqdc+ vgdm c_s_a_rd _tchshmf+ QL?M+ _mc C_s_ Otlo _tchshmf _qd dm_akdc>
?- TMHEHDC^ TCHS^SQ HK
A- TMHEHDC^ TCHS^SQ HK+ BNLONMDMS^ TCHS^SQ HK
B- RXR- TC#
C- TCHS^SQ HK^CA+ TCHS^SQ HK^CO+ TCHS^SQ HK^QL M
18- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hr sgd tshkhsx sg_s xnt b_m trd sn sdrs sgd mdsvnqj bnmmdbshnmr
_bqnrr SBO.HO>
?- sqbZrrs
A- krmqbsk
B- mZldrbsk
C- ohmf
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
2/- Tmcn c_s_ hm _m tmcn s_akdro_bd hr mns trdc enq vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf otqonrdr>
?- Oqnuhchmf trdqr vhsg qd_c,bnmrhrsdms ptdqhdr
A- Qnkkhmf enqv_qc _esdq _m hmrs_mbd e_hktqd
B- Ek_rga_bj ptdqhdr
C- Qdbnudqhmf eqnl _ e_hkdc sq_mr_bshnm
D- Qdrsnqhmf nqhfhm_k c_s_ vgdm _ QNKKA BJ hr hrrtdc
ihh ?rrdrrldms Sdrs
20- Hm vghbg ehkd bntkc xnt sdkk RPK)Kn_cdq sn trd sgd chqdbs o_sg noshnm>
?- Knf ehkd
A- O_qehkd
B- A_c ehkd
C- C_s_ ehkd
23- Vghbg o_q_ldsdq hr trdc sn dm_akd sgd ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms ed_stqd ne sgd
Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd>
?- LDLNQX^L M FDLDMS
A- LDLNQX^S QFDS
B- RF ^S QFDS
C- LDLNQX^RHYD
24- Vgdm odqenqlhmf _ C_s_ Otlo Hlonqs trhmf hloco+ vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf noshnmr hr
mns _ u_khc u_ktd sn sgd S AKD^DWHRSR^ BSHNM o_q_ldsdq>
?- RJHO
A- OODMC
B- SQTMB SD
C- QDBQD SD
?rrdrrldms Sdrs ihhh
25- Svn s_akdro_bdr _qd bqhshb_k sn sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd knrr ne _ c_s_ ehkd hm sgdrd s_akdro_bdr
qdpthqdr _m hmrs_mbd rgtscnvm sn qdbnudq- Vghbg _qd sgdrd s_akdro_bdr>
?- SDLO
A- RXRSDL
B- TMCN
C- RXR TW
26- Vghbg hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq cdsdqlhmdr sgd knb_shnm ne sgd _kdqs knf ehkd>
?- CH FMNRSHB^CDRS
A- A BJFQNTMC^CTLO^CDRS
B- KDQS^KNF^CDRS
C- TRDQ^CTLO^CDRS
27- Vghbg rs_sdldms qdf_qchmf _ fkna_k sdlonq_qx s_akd _mc qdcn fdmdq_shnm hr sqtd>
?- Fkna_k sdlonq_qx s_akdr fdmdq_sd sgd r_ld _lntms ne qdcn _r odqrhrsdms s_akdr-
A- Fkna_k sdlonq_qx s_akdr fdmdq_sd qdcn eqnl tmcn vgdm _ CLK nodq_shnm hr odq,
enqldc nm sgdl-
B- Ax rdsshmf sgd SDLO^TMCN^DM AKDC sn SQTD+ xnt stqm nee sgd tmcn fdmdq_shnm enq
CLK nm sdlonq_qx s_akdr-
C- ?kk ne sgd _anud _qd sqtd-
28- Vghbg c_s_a_rd l_m_fdldms snnkr _qd _tsnl_shb_kkx hmrs_kkdc _mc bnmehftqdc vgdm
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd hr bnmehftqdc> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- NDL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr
A- NDL Bkntc Bnmsqnk
B- RPK)Oktr
C- RPK Cdudknodq
3/- Vghbg o_q_ldsdq hr trdc sn rds to sgd chqdbsnqx enq Nq_bkd sn bqd_sd c_s_ ehkdr+ he sgd
C S EHKD bk_trd cndr mns rodbhex _ ehkdm_ld vgdm xnt&qd bqd_shmf nq _ksdqhmf s_akdro_bdr>
?- CA^EHKD^BQD SD^CDRS
A- CA^BQD SD^EHKD^CDRS
B- CA^7J^B BGD^RHYD
C- TRDQ^CTLO^CDRS
D- CA^BQD SD^NMKHMD^KNF^CDRS^0
iht ?rrdrrldms Sdrs
30- Hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ vghbg rbqhos hr qdbnlldmcdc sn qtm enq tofq_chmf _ c_s_a_rd
eqnl 00-0-/-6>
?- bZstofqc-rpk
A- tskt010h-rpk
B- bZsbsk-ok
C- tskt010r-rpk
32- Vghbg hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq cdsdqlhmdr sgd knb_shnm ne sgd _kdqs knf ehkd>
?- KNF^ QBGHUD^CDRS
A- TRDQ^CTLO^CDRS
B- A BJFQNTMC^CTLO^CDRS
C- CH FMNRSHB^CDRS
33- Vghbg oqnctbs cn xnt hmrs_kk sn bnmehftqd _m Nq_bkd ?tsnl_shb Rsnq_fd L_m_fdldms
hmrs_mbd>
?- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd
A- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd
B- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b ?tsnl_shb Rsnq_fd L_m_fdldms
C- Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs
?mrvdqr sn ?rrdrrldms Sdrs it
1- B- Dwbdos enq noshnm B+ _kk nsgdq RPK rs_sdldmsr _qd mns u_khc rxms_bshb_kkx- Sn bg_mfd
_ u_ktd hm _ bnktlm enq dwhrshmf qnvr+ xnt mddc sn trd sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms- Sgd CDKDSD
rs_sdldms cdkdsdr sgd dmshqd qnv- Sgd HMRDQS rs_sdldms _ccr _ mdv qnv- Sgd LDQFD rs_sd,
ldms odqenqlr jhmc ne _m tordqs…hs hmrdqsr he sgd qnv cndr mns dwhrs+ _mc toc_sdr he sgd
qnv dwhrsr- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ qd_c Bg_osdq 5-
2- B- BNMB S vhkk qdstqm _ mnm, MTKK he nmkx nmd o_q_ldsdq hr MTKK- Ansg BNMB S o_q_ld,
sdqr vntkc mddc sn ad MTKK enq BNMB S sn qdstqm MTKK- Sgd MTKKHE etmbshnm qdstqmr MTKK
he sgd svn o_q_ldsdqr _qd dpt_k- Sgd KDMFSG ne _ MTKK hr MTKK- HMRSQ vhkk qdstqm MTKK he
MTKK hr o_rrdc hm+ _mc sgd s_mfdms ’S M( ne _ MTKK hr MTKK- Rdd Bg_osdq 2 sn kd_qm lnqd-
3- B- Fqnto etmbshnmr b_mmns _ood_q hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd- Qd_c Bg_osdq 3 sn kd_qm lnqd
_ants fqnto etmbshnmr-
4- A- Vgdm trhmf ltkshokd bnktlmr sn toc_sd hm _ rhmfkd TOC SD rs_sdldms+ sgd bnktlm
_rrhfmldmsr hm sgd RDS bk_trd ltrs ad rdo_q_sdc ax _ bnll_+ mns _m MC nodq_snq-
Rdd Bg_osdq 5 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
5- B- Rhmbd ina^hc hr trdc hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd+ hs ltrs ad trdc hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd
_krn- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ rdd Bg_osdq 3-
6- A- TQNVHC c_s_sxod hr trdc ns rsnqd QNVHC c_s_- Sgd AEHKD c_s_sxod rsnqdr nmkx sgd
knb_snq sn _m dwsdqm_k kd hm sgd c_s_a_rd: sgd _bst_k c_s_ hr rsnqdc _r _m nodq_shmf rxr,
sdl kd- AKNA+ MBKNA+ _mc BKNA _qd nsgdq K_qfd Naidbs c_s_ sxodr hm Nq_bkd C_s_,
a_rd 01b- DWSDQM?K hr mns _ u_khc c_s_sxod- Qd_c Bg_osdq 6 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
7- B- Sgd rs_sdldms vhkk vnqj vhsgnts dqqnq- Noshnm A vntkc ad bnqqdbs he xnt trdc sgd
VHSG BGDBJ NOSHNM bk_trd hm sgd rtaptdqx- Rdd Bg_osdq 4 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm _ants
rtaptdqhdr-
8- ?+ D- ?m ntsdq inhm nm ansg s_akdr b_m ad _bghdudc trhmf sgd ETKK NTSDQ INHM rxm,
s_w- Sgd inhm bnmchshnm b_m ad rodbhdc ax trhmf sgd NM bk_trd sn rodbhex sgd bnktlmr
dwokhbhskx nq trhmf sgd TRHMF bk_trd sn rodbhex bnktlmr vhsg bnllnm bnktlm m_ldr-
Noshnmr A _mc C vntkc qdrtks hm dqqnqr- Hm noshnm A+ sgd inhm sxod hr mns rodbhdc: NTSDQ
hr _m noshnm_k jdxvnqc- Hm noshnm C+ BQNRR INHM hr trdc sn fds _ B_qsdrh_m qdrtks+ _mc
Nq_bkd cndr mns dwodbs _ inhm bnmchshnm- Rdd Bg_osdq 4 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
ith ?mrvdqr sn ?rrdrrldms Sdrs
0/- ?+ A- Sgd hmcdw bnms_hmr _kk sgd hmenql_shnm mddcdc sn r_shrex sgd ptdqx hm noshnm ?+
_mc _ etkk,hmcdw rb_m vntkc ad e_rsdq sg_m _ etkk,s_akd rb_m- ? rtards ne hmcdwdr bnktlmr
hr rodbhdc hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd ne noshnm A+ gdmbd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd b_m trd sgd hmcdw-
Qd_c Bg_osdq 6 sn kd_qm lnqd _ants trhmf _m hmcdw-
00- C- Sgd BQD SD RDPTDMBD rs_sdldms vhkk bqd_sd _m hmbqd_rhmf rdptdmbd sg_s vhkk rs_qs
vhsg 0+ hmbqdldms ax 0+ _mc ad tm_eedbsdc ax sgd qnkka_bj- ? qnkka_bj vhkk mdudq rstee
u_ktdr a_bj hmsn _ rdptdmbd- Qd_c Bg_osdq 6 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
01- A+ B- Oqhl_qx jdx _mc tmhptd jdx bnmrsq_hmsr b_m ad dmenqbdc trhmf mnm,tmhptd
hmcdwdr- Tmhptd bnmrsq_hmsr _kknv MTKK u_ktdr hm sgd bnktlmr+ ats oqhl_qx jdxr
cn mns- Rdd Bg_osdq 6 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
02- A- Sgd RXRC SD etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd c_sd _mc shld nm sgd rdqudq vgdqd sgd c_s_a_rd
hmrs_mbd hr rs_qsdc- BTQQDMS^C SD qdstqmr knb_k c_sd _mc shld- Rdd Bg_osdq 2 enq lnqd
hmenql_shnm-
03- C- Sgd qrs HMRDQS rs_sdldms _mc k_rs HMRDQS rs_sdldms vhkk ad r_udc hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Sgd QNKKA BJ SN rs_sdldms vhkk tmcn sgd rdbnmc _mc sghqc hmrdqsr- Enq lnqd hmeqnl_,
shnm+ rdd Bg_osdq 5-
04- A- Sgdqd rgntkc ad _s kd_rs m,0 inhm bnmchshnmr vgdm inhmhmf m s_akdr sn _unhc _ B_qsdrh_m
inhm- Rdd Bg_osdq 4 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
05- B- Sgd s_akd _mc bnktlm m_ldr b_m hmbktcd nmkx sgqdd rodbh_k bg_q_bsdqr9 "+ #+ _mc ^-
Mn nsgdq bg_q_bsdqr _qd _kknvdc hm sgd s_akd m_ld- Xnt b_m g_ud kdssdqr _mc mtladqr
hm sgd s_akd m_ld- Qd_c Bg_osdq 6 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
06- A+ C- Xnt b_m trd sgd HR MTKK nq HR MNS MTKK nodq_snq sn rd_qbg enq MTKKr nq mnm,
MTKKr hm _ bnktlm- Rhmbd MTKKr _qd rnqsdc ghfgdq+ sgdx _ood_q _s sgd anssnl ne sgd
qdrtks rds hm _m _rbdmchmf nqcdq rnqs- Rdd Bg_osdq 1 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
07- C- BNTMS &;bnktlm^mZld=( cndr mns hmbktcd sgd MTKK u_ktdr+ vgdqd_r BNTMS &)(
hmbktcdr sgd MTKK u_ktdr- Mn nsgdq _ffqdf_sd etmbshnm s_jdr MTKK hmsn bnmrhcdq_shnm-
Rdd Bg_osdq 3 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
08- D- Sgdrd rs_sdldmsr cnm&s _bbntms enq onrrhakd MTKK u_ktdr hm sgd ANMTR bnktlm-
Qd_c Bg_osdq 2 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
1/- C- Trhmf sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms+ xnt b_m _cc mdv bnktlmr+ qdm_ld dwhrshmf bnk,
tlmr+ _mc cqno dwhrshmf bnktlmr- Sn kd_qm lnqd _ants l_m_fhmf s_akdr+ qd_c bg_osdq 6-
10- A- Rhmbd CDO QSLDMS^HC hr MTKK enq dloknxdd 067+ MTKK vhkk ad rnqsdc _esdq sgd mnm,
MTKK u_ktdr vgdm cnhmf _m _rbdmchmf nqcdq rnqs- Rhmbd vd chc mns rodbhex sgd rnqs nqcdq
nq MTKKR EHQRS bk_trd+ sgd cde_tksr _qd RB _mc MTKKR K RS- Qd_c Bg_osdq 1 enq lnqd
hmenql_shnm-
13- A- Vgdm _ksdqhmf _m dwhrshmf bnktlm sn _cc _ MNS MTKK bnmrsq_hms+ mn qnvr hm sgd
s_akd rgntkc g_ud MTKK u_ktdr- Hm sgd dw_lokd+ sgdqd _qd svn qnvr vhsg MTKK u_ktdr-
Qd_c Bg_osdq 6 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
14- C- M STQ K INHM _mc INHM – TRHMF bk_trdr vhkk mns _kknv _kh_r m_ldr sn ad trdc-
Rhmbd _ rdke,inhm hr fdsshmf c_s_ eqnl sgd r_ld s_akd+ xnt ltrs hmbktcd _kh_r m_ldr _mc
pt_khex bnktlm m_ldr- Rdd Bg_osdq 4 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
15- D- Sgd SQTMB etmbshnm trdc vhsg _ mdf_shud rdbnmc _qftldms vhkk sqtmb_sd sn sgd kdes
ne sgd cdbhl_k- Rdd Bg_osdq 2 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
16- B- Nq_bkd bqd_sdr tmhptd hmcdwdr enq d_bg tmhptd jdx _mc oqhl_qx jdx cdmdc hm sgd
s_akd- Sgd s_akd CCQDRRDR g_r nmd tmhptd jdx _mc _ oqhl_qx jdx- Hmcdwdr vhkk mns ad
bqd_sdc enq MNS MTKK nq enqdhfm jdx bnmrsq_hmsr- Rdd Bg_osdq 6 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
17- C- ?ksgntfg sgdqd hr mn dqqnq hm sghr rs_sdldms+ sgd rs_sdldms vhkk mns qdstqm sgd
cdrhqdc qdrtks- Vgdm _ MTKK hr bnlo_qdc+ xnt b_mmns trd sgd < nq < nodq_snqr: xnt
ltrs trd sgd HR MTKK nq HR MNS MTKK nodq_snq- Rdd Bg_osdq 1 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
18- B- Sgd rnkhc khmd qdoqdrdmsr sg_s sgd nqcdq ltrs adknmf sn _ btrsnldq+ _mc sgd bqnv,
enns qdoqdrdmsr sg_s _ btrsnldq b_m g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd nqcdq- Rdd Bg_osdq 0 enq lnqd
hmenql_shnm-
2/- A- Oqhu_sd rxmnmxlr nudqqhcd otakhb rxmnmxlr+ _mc s_akdr nq uhdvr nvmdc ax sgd trdq
_kv_xr qdrnkud qrs- Rdd Bg_osdq 6 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
20- B+ C- Vgdm _ BNLLHS hr dwdbtsdc+ _kk knbjr _qd qdkd_rdc+ r_udonhmsr _qd dq_rdc+ _mc
ptdqhdr rs_qsdc adenqd sgd BNLLHS vhkk bnmrshstsd _ qd_c,bnmrhrsdms uhdv trhmf sgd
tmcn hmenql_shnm- Rdd Bg_osdq 5 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
21- A+ B- Sgd nodq_snqr NQ _mc MC _qd trdc sn _cc lnqd inhmhmf bnmchshnmr sn sgd ptdqx-
MNS hr _ mdf_shnm nodq_snq+ _mc _ bnll_ hr trdc sn rdo_q_sd bnktlm m_ldr _mc s_akd
m_ldr- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ rdd Bg_osdq 4-
22- B- Rhmbd vd _qd mchmf sgd _ffqdf_sd ne _ffqdf_sd+ mnm,_ffqdf_sd bnktlmr rgntkc mns
ad trdc hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd- Rdd Bg_osdq 3 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
23- A- Xnt b_m bqd_sd oqhl_qx jdx+ enqdhfm jdx+ _mc tmhptd jdx bnmrsq_hmsr nm _ uhdv- Sgd
bnmrsq_hmsr nm uhdvr _qd mns dmenqbdc ax Nq_bkd- Sn dmenqbd _ bnmrsq_hms+ hs ltrs ad
cdmdc nm _ s_akd- Rdd Bg_osdq 6 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
ithhh ?mrvdqr sn ?rrdrrldms Sdrs
24- ?+ B- Sgd l_whltl kdmfsgr ne BG?Q _mc U?QBG?Q1 bnktlmr b_m ad cdmdc hm
bg_q_bsdqr nq axsdr- AXSD hr sgd cde_tks: sgd cde_tks b_m ad bg_mfdc ax rdsshmf sgd c_s_,
a_rd o_q_ldsdq MKR^KDMFSG^RDL MSHBR- Rdd Bg_osdq 6 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
25- A+ B- Sgd qnv khlhshmf ed_stqd trdr NEERDS _mc EDSBG bk_trdr sn ksdq sgd qnvr- Sn
fds sn qnvr 5 sgqntfg 04 gdqd+ xnt l_x trd sgd bk_trd NEERDS 4 QNVR EDSBG MDWS 0/
QNVR- Rdd Bg_osdq 1 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
26- C- Sgd rtarshstshnm bg_q_bsdq $ l_x ad rtarshstsdc enq ydqn nq l_mx bg_q_bsdqr- Sgd
rtarshstshnm bg_q_bsdq ^ cndr mns g_ud _mx deedbs hm sghr ptdqx adb_trd _m drb_od bg_q,
_bsdq oqdbdcdr hs+ rn hs hr sqd_sdc _r _ khsdq_k- Rdd Bg_osdq 1 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
27- B- Xnt g_ud svn l_hm bnmchshnmr hm sgd ptdrshnm9 nmd nm sgd ghqd^c_sd _mc sgd nsgdq
nm sgd r_k_qx- Rn _m MC nodq_snq rgntkc ad trdc- Hm sgd rdbnmc o_qs+ xnt g_ud svn
noshnmr9 sgd r_k_qx b_m ad dhsgdq lnqd sg_m 4/// nq kdrr sg_m 0///+ rn sgd rdbnmc o_qs
rgntkc ad dmbknrdc hm o_qdmsgdrdr: trd _m NQ nodq_snq- Noshnm A hr rhlhk_q sn noshnm B
dwbdos enq sgd o_qdmsgdrdr+ ats sgd cheedqdmbd bg_mfdr sgd ld_mhmf bnlokdsdkx- Noshnm A
vntkc rdkdbs sgd dloknxddr vgn vdqd ghqdc adenqd /0,I_m,0887 nq g_ud _ r_k_qx _anud
4+/// nq g_ud _ r_k_qx adknv 0+///- Qd_c Bg_osdq 1 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
28- ?+ A- Sgd SQTMB SD bnll_mc hr trdc sn qdlnud _kk sgd qnvr eqnl _ s_akd nq bktrsdq- Ax
cde_tks+ sghr bnll_mc qdkd_rdr _kk sgd rsnq_fd ro_bd trdc ax sgd s_akd _mc qdrdsr sgd s_akd&r
ghfg,v_sdq l_qj sn ydqn- Mnmd ne sgd hmcdwdr+ bnmrsq_hmsr+ nq sqhffdqr nm sgd s_akd _qd
cqnoodc nq chr_akdc- He sgdqd _qd u_khc enqdhfm jdx bnmrsq_hmsr cdmdc sn sghr s_akd+ xnt
ltrs chr_akd _kk ne sgdl adenqd sqtmb_shmf sgd s_akd- Qd_c Bg_osdq 5 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
3/- ?+ B- Rhmbd sgdqd b_m ad nmkx nmd oqhl_qx jdx odq s_akd+ sgd rxms_w hm noshnm
? vnqjr- ?mx bnmrsq_hms ’dwbdos MNS MTKK( b_m ad cqnoodc trhmf sgd rxms_w hm
noshnm B- Rdd Bg_osdq 6 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
1- A- Sn qdm_ld nq qdknb_sd _ c_s_ kd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ xnt mddc sn trd nmkx sgd
rs_sdldms rodbhdc hm noshnm A- Sn qdm_ld _ c_s_ kd hm oqd,01b c_s_a_rdr+ xnt mddc sn
s_jd sgd s_akdro_bd nehmd rn sg_s Nq_bkd cndr mns sqx sn toc_sd sgd c_s_ kd vghkd xnt
_qd qdm_lhmf- Trhmf NR bnll_mcr+ bnox sgd c_s_ kd sn sgd mdv knb_shnm _mc trhmf
sgd KSDQ C S A RD QDM LD EHKD bnll_mc nq sgd KSDQ S AKDRO BD QDM LD EHKD
bnll_mc+ qdm_ld sgd kd hm sgd c_s_a_rd&r bnmsqnk kd- Sn qdm_ld sgd kd hm sgd c_s_,
a_rd+ sgd mdv kd rgntkc dwhrs- Aqhmf sgd s_akdro_bd nmkhmd enq mnql_k c_s_a_rd nodq_,
shnm- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ qd_c Bg_osdq 0/-
2- B- ?ksgntfg okdr _mc rokdr _qd ogxrhb_k kdr trdc sn bnmftqd sgd Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd+
sgdx _qd mns bnmrhcdqdc o_qs ne sgd c_s_a_rd- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ rdd Bg_osdq 7-
?mrvdqr sn ?rrdrrldms Sdrs ihv
3- A- Sgd ghfgdrs kdudk _s vghbg _ trdq b_m qdptdrs _ knbj hr sgd s_akd kdudk: sgd nmkx nsgdq
knbj kdudk _u_hk_akd sn _ trdq hr _ qnv,kdudk knbj- Trdqr b_mmns knbj _s sgd aknbj nq
rbgdl_ kdudk- Qd_c Bg_osdq 00 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
4- C- OTAKHB hr sgd fqnto nq bk_rr ne c_s_a_rd trdqr vgdqd _kk dwhrshmf _mc etstqd c_s_a_rd
trdqr adknmf- Qd_c Bg_osdq 02 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
5- A+ B- A _mc B _qd ansg sgd adrs _mrvdqr- Sgdx _qd hcdmshb_k adb_trd ptdqhdr hm Nq_bkd
_qd b_rd,hmrdmrhshud- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ qd_c Bg_osdq 05-
7- A- QDRTL AKD^SHLDNTS rds _s sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq hr trdc nmkx _r sgd cde_tks
shldnts u_ktd enq _ qdrtl_akd rdrrhnm- Sgd qdrtl_akd rdrrhnm ltrs ad dm_akdc trhmf
noshnm A- Noshnm B chr_akdr sgd qdrtl_akd rdrrhnm- Noshnm C hr hmu_khc- Qd_c Bg_osdq
0/ enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
8- A- Trd sgd Nq_bkd Tmhudqr_k Hmrs_kkdq ’NTH( sn hmrs_kk _mc bnmftqd sgd Nq_bkd C_s_,
a_rd 01b rnesv_qd- Sgd NTH hr _ I_u_,a_rdc _ookhb_shnm sg_s oqnuhcdr sgd r_ld hmrs_kk_,
shnm knnj _mc eddk mn l_ssdq vghbg nodq_shmf rxrsdl hr adhmf trdc enq sgd hmrs_kk_shnm-
qtmHmrs_kkdq hr sgd dwdbts_akd sg_s hmunjdr NTH nm Khmtw.Tmhw rxrsdlr- Rdd Bg_osdq 8
enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
0/- B- ?ksgntfg xnt b_m trd bgnhbd ? sn rsno _mc rs_qs sgd khrsdmdq+ cnhmf rn sdlonq_qhkx
chrqtosr bkhdmsr _ssdloshmf sn bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd- Bgnhbd C hr md he xnt _qd rs_qs,
hmf _mc rsnoohmf sgd cde_tks khrsdmdq b_kkdc KHRSDMDQ+ ats vd _qd trhmf _ mnmcde_tks
khrsdmdq- Bgnhbd A hr mns u_khc adb_trd QDRS QS hr mns _ u_khc bnll_mc,khmd _qftldms
enq krmqbsk- Sgdqdenqd+ sgd adrs ldsgnc hr B+ sn trd sgd krmqbsk qdknZc khrsdmdq0
bnll_mc sn kn_c sgd mdv rds ne u_ktdr enq sgd khrsdmdq vhsgnts chrqtoshmf bnmmdbshnm
rdquhbd sn sgd c_s_a_rdr sgd khrsdmdq hr rdquhbhmf- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ rdd Bg_osdq 01-
00- D- ?m dqqnq vhkk nbbtq adb_trd sgd ina hr mns qtmmhmf+ fhudm sg_s _ ina sg_s hr mns dwdbts,
hmf b_mmns ad rsnoodc- Sgd dqqnq oqnctbdc vhkk ad NQ ,16255+ hmbktchmf nsgdq enkknv,
hmf dqqnqr _r sgd dqqnq sq_o hr otrgdc to sgd rs_bj a_bj sn sgd dwdbts_akd ’rnldsghmf khjd
RPK)Oktr(+ vghbg dwdbtsdc sgd RSNO^INA oqnbdctqd- Rdd Bg_osdq 05 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
01- A- Qdcn knf kdr qdbnqc _kk sgd bg_mfdr l_cd sn sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd+ vgdsgdq sgd bg_mfd
hr bnllhssdc nq mns- Rdd Bg_osdq 04 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
02- C- Cde_tks qnkdr _qd dm_akdc vgdm _ trdq bnmmdbsr sn sgd c_s_a_rd+ dudm he sgd qnkdr _qd
o_rrvnqc oqnsdbsdc- Qd_c Bg_osdq 02 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
iv ?mrvdqr sn ?rrdrrldms Sdrs
03- C- ?ksgntfg noshnmr ? _mc A _qd qdbnlldmcdc oq_bshbdr enq tofq_cd odqenql_mbd+
noshnm C hr _ ltrs- Sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm snnk ltrs ad qtm+ _mc _kk dqqnqr
ltrs ad s_jdm b_qd ne adenqd tofq_chmf sgd c_s_a_rd- Noshnm B hr mns qdpthqdc enq sgd
tofq_cd oqnbdrr- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ qd_c Bg_osdq 06-
04- D- Sn stmd sgd hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx shld+ bnmftqd sgd E RS^RS QS^LSSQ^S QFDS o_q_l,
dsdq sn _ mnmydqn u_ktd- Sgd cde_tks hr 2// rdbnmcr- ? knvdq u_ktd vhkk qdctbd sgd
hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx shld+ ats l_x b_trd eqdptdms bgdbjonhmsr- ? u_ktd ne / stqmr nee
LSSQ stmhmf- Qd_c Bg_osdq 04 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
05- B- Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq qdpthqdr _ rghes ne ldlnqx _v_x eqnl hmchuhct_k rdrrhnm oqn,
bdrrdr sn sgd RF?- Lnqd hmenql_shnm g_r sn ad jdos hm sgd RF? ’hm sgd TF?( vhsghm
sgd rg_qdc onnk- ? k_qfd onnk hr bnmftqdc _mc hr qdronmrhakd enq lnrs ne sgd RF?
ro_bd _kknb_shnm- Sgd b_bgd rhyd _mc aknbj ateedqr rdsshmfr cn mns _eedbs Nq_bkd Rg_qdc
Rdqudq- Rdd Bg_osdq 01 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
06- B+ C- Qdbnudqx noshnmr _qd noshnm_k vgdm xnt bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd- Rodbhex E_rs Qdbnu,
dqx ?qd_ _mc Dm_akd ?qbghuhmf _qd sgd noshnmr _u_hk_akd- Qd_c Bg_osdq 8 enq lnqd
hmenql_shnm-
07- A- Sgd QDO HQ E HKTQD bnll_mc vnqjr nmkx _esdq _m CUHRD E HKTQD- Noshnm ? hr
hmu_khc- KHRS E HKTQD chrok_xr sgd e_hktqdr- BG MFD E HKTQD b_m ad trdc sn knvdq nq
q_hrd sgd oqhnqhsx ne _ e_hktqd- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ rdd Bg_osdq 04-
08- ?+ B- Xnt b_mmns cxm_lhb_kkx bg_mfd sgd o_q_ldsdq TMCN^L M FDLDMS _esdq sgd hmrs_mbd
g_r rs_qsdc- Xnt b_m+ gnvdudq+ bg_mfd sgd TMCN^S AKDRO BD o_q_ldsdq sn rvhsbg sn
_mnsgdq tmcn s_akdro_bd vghkd sgd hmrs_mbd hr to _mc qtmmhmf- Rdd Bg_osdq 00 enq lnqd
hmenql_shnm-
1/- A- Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb_kkx odqenqlr hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx _esdq _ c_s_a_rd bq_rg nq RGTSCNVM
ANQS- ?kk tmbnllhssdc bg_mfdr _qd qnkkdc a_bj+ _mc bnllhssdc bg_mfdr _qd vqhssdm
sn c_s_ kdr ctqhmf hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx- Qd_c Bg_osdq 8 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
10- B- CA^CDRS hlokhdr _ c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbd cdrshm_shnm hcdmshdc ax _ SMR m_ld- KNB K
hlokhdr sgd btqqdms l_bghmd nmkx- Rdd Bg_osdq 05 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
11- B+ C- Dudqx c_s_a_rd ltrs g_ud _s kd_rs svn qdcn knf kdr+ vghbg l_x nq l_x mns
ad ltkshokdwdc- Dudqx c_s_a_rd ltrs g_ud nmd bnmsqnk kd- Hs hr _ fnnc hcd_ sn g_ud
lnqd sg_m nmd bnmsqnk kd enq qdctmc_mbx- Adb_trd RXRSDL _mc RXR TW _qd l_mc_snqx
s_akdro_bdr+ sgdqd vhkk ad _s kd_rs svn c_s_ kdr- Qd_c Bg_osdq 7 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
12- B- Sgdqd _qd mn rs_mc_qc o_rrvnqc bnlokdwhsx rdsshmfr hm dhsgdq sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm
o_q_ldsdqr nq oqnkdr- ? o_rrvnqc,udqhex etmbshnm b_m u_khc_sd mdv o_rrvnqcr
_f_hmrs _mx qtkdr sg_s xnt b_m bncd hm OK.RPK+ hmbktchmf qdftk_q dwoqdrrhnm bnl,
o_qhrnmr- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ qd_c Bg_osdq 02-
13- A- CA ^BG HMR cndr mns dwhrs- CA ^RBGDCTKDQ^BG HMR nmkx rgnvr bg_hmdc fqntor ne inar-
CA ^RBGDCTKDQ^CDRSR rgnvr nm ina dwdbtshnm cdrshm_shnmr- Sgd CA ^RBGDCTKDQ^INAR
lds_c_s_ uhdv g_r _ INA^OQHNQHSX bnktlm- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ qd_c Bg_osdq 05-
?mrvdqr sn ?rrdrrldms Sdrs ivh
14- B- Sgd rg_qdc onnk g_r sgqdd bnlonmdmsr9 khaq_qx b_bgd+ qdrtks b_bgd+ _mc chbshnm_qx
b_bgd- Qd_c Bg_osdq 7 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
15- ?- Xnt b_m trd sgd Tmcn L_m_fdldms ?cuhrnq sn lnmhsnq _mc l_m_fd sgd tmcn
rdfldmsr sn dmrtqd l_whltl kdudkr ne qd_c bnmrhrsdmbx _mc lhmhlhyd nbbtqqdmbdr
ne NQ ,/04449 RmZorgns Snn Nkc dqqnq ldrr_fdr- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ rdd
Bg_osdq 03-
16- B- Sgd LHMHLTL DWSDMS o_q_ldsdq hr trdc sn l_jd rtqd d_bg dwsdms hr _ ltkshokd ne
sgd u_ktd rodbhdc- Sghr o_q_ldsdq hr trdetk sn qdctbd eq_fldms_shnm hm sgd s_akdro_bd-
Qd_c Bg_osdq 0/ enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
17- ?- Hqqdrodbshud ne sgd bnlonmdmsr _tchsdc+ _kk _tchs sq_hk hmenql_shnm hr ptdqhdc eqnl
TMHEHDC^ TCHS^SQ HK- ?tchs qdbnqcr _qd rsnqdc hm _ s_akd tmcdq sgd TCRXR s_akd- Rdd
Bg_osdq 02 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
18- C- Oqnsnbnkr bnld vhsg snnkr sg_s _kknv xnt sn sdrs mdsvnqj bnmmdbshuhsx- Nmd rtbg
tshkhsx enq SBO.HO hr ohmf- Sgd trdq rtookhdr dhsgdq _m HO _ccqdrr nq _ gnrsm_ld sn sgd
ohmf tshkhsx- Hs sgdm rd_qbgdr sgd mdsvnqj enq sghr _ccqdrr- He hs mcr nmd+ hs chrok_xr
hmenql_shnm nm c_s_ sg_s hr rdms _mc qdbdhudc _mc nm gnv pthbjkx hs entmc sghr _ccqdrr-
Sgd nsgdq bgnhbdr _qd Nq_bkd,rtookhdc tshkhshdr- Qd_c Bg_osdq 01 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
2/- A- Sgd nmkhmd qdcn knf kdr _qd trdc sn qnkk enqv_qc _esdq _m hmrs_mbd e_hktqd: tmcn c_s_
hr trdc sn qnkk a_bj _mx tmbnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr- Rdd Bg_osdq 00 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
20- A- Sgd knf _mc a_c kdr _qd vqhssdm sn ’mns qd_c eqnl( RPK)Kn_cdq+ _mc sgd c_s_ kd
bnms_hmr nmkx c_s_- Sgd chqdbs<x noshnm+ vghbg sdkkr RPK)Kn_cdq sn trd sgd chqdbs
o_sg noshnm+ b_m _ood_q nm sgd bnll_mc khmd nq hm sgd o_qkd- Rdd Bg_osdq 07 enq
lnqd hmenql_shnm-
21- A- Rg_qdc rdqudqr b_m oqnbdrr qdptdrsr eqnl l_mx trdqr- Sgd bnlokdsdc qdptdrsr
_qd ok_bdc hmsn sgd chro_sbgdqr& qdronmrd ptdtdr- Sgd rdqudqr _qd bnmftqdc vhsg sgd
RDQUDQR o_q_ldsdq- Gnvdudq+ rg_qdc rdqudqr cn mns qdbdhud qdptdrsr chqdbskx eqnl chr,
o_sbgdqr- Sgd qdptdrsr _qd s_jdm eqnl sgd qdptdrs ptdtd- Qd_c Bg_osdq 01 enq lnqd
hmenql_shnm-
22- C- Sgd chrs_mbd adsvddm sgd bgdbjonhms onrhshnm hm sgd qdcn knf kd _mc sgd dmc ne sgd
qdcn knf fqnto b_m mdudq ad lnqd sg_m 8/ odqbdms ne sgd rhyd ne sgd rl_kkdrs qdcn knf
fqnto- Rdd Bg_osdq 04 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
23- A- ? mnmydqn u_ktd enq sgd LDLNQX^S QFDS o_q_ldsdq dm_akdr sgd ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx
L_m_fdldms- RF ^S QFDS dm_akdr ?tsnl_shb Rg_qdc Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms- ?tsnl_shb
Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms stmdr ansg RF? _mc OF? bnlonmdmsr ne sgd ldlnqx- Enq lnqd
hmenql_shnm+ qd_c Bg_osdq 03-
24- C- QDOK BD hr sgd u_khc u_ktd: hs cqnor sgd dwhrshmf s_akd _mc bqd_sdr sgd s_akd trhmf sgd
cdmhshnm eqnl sgd ctlo kd- RJHO kd_udr sgd s_akd tmsntbgdc- OODMC hmrdqsr qnvr sn
sgd dwhrshmf s_akd- SQTMB SD kd_udr sgd rsqtbstqd ats qdlnudr _kk dwhrshmf qnvr adenqd
hmrdqshmf qnvr- Qd_c Bg_osdq 07 sn kd_qm lnqd-
ivhh ?mrvdqr sn ?rrdrrldms Sdrs
25- A+ B- Nmkx sgd RXRSDL _mc TMCN s_akdro_bdr qdpthqd sgd hmrs_mbd sn ad rgts cnvm vgdm
sgdhq c_s_ kdr mddc sn ad qdbnudqdc- Rdd Bg_osdq 04 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
26- ?- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b trdr sgd ?tsnl_shb Ch_fmnrshb Qdonrhsnqx sn l_hms_hm sgd
_kdqs knf _mc nsgdq ch_fmnrshb hmenql_shnm- Sgd A BJFQNTMC^CTLO^CDRS o_q_ldsdq hr
cdqhudc eqnl sgd CH FMNRSHB^CDRS- Rdd Bg_osdq 8 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
27- A- Noshnm ? hr mns bnqqdbs adb_trd nodq_shnmr nm sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bdr cn mns fdm,
dq_sd qdcn+ _mc _ sdlonq_qx s_akd hr bqd_sdc hm _ sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd- Vgdm CLK
hr odqenqldc nm _ sdlonq_qx s_akd+ sgd tmcn hr vqhssdm ax cde_tks sn sgd _bshud tmcn
s_akdro_bd+ vghbg fdmdq_sdr qdcn- Ax rdsshmf sgd o_q_ldsdq SDLO^TMCN^DM AKDC+ xnt
b_m chqdbs sgd tmcn vqhshmf sn _ sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd hmrsd_c ne _m tmcn s_akdro_bd+
sgtr dkhlhm_shmf qdcn fdmdq_shnm- Noshnm B hr vqnmf- Vgdm SDLO^TMCN^DM AKDC hr
sqtd+ sgd tmcn fdsr fdmdq_sdc _r trt_k: gnvdudq+ sgd tmcn fdsr fdmdq_sdc hm sgd sdlo
s_akdro_bd+ rn sgd qdcn hr mns fdmdq_sdc- Rdd Bg_osdq 00 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
28- ?+ B- NDL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr hr _tsnl_shb_kkx bnmftqdc vgdm xnt bqd_sd _ c_s_,
a_rd trhmf CAB?- RPK)Oktr hr hmrs_kkdc _knmf vhsg Nq_bkd QCALR rnesv_qd snnkr-
RPKCdudknodq _mc NDL Bkntc Bnmsqnk ltrs ad cnvmkn_cdc _mc hmrs_kkdc rdo_q_sdkx-
Qd_c Bg_osdq 7 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
3/- A- CA^BQD SD^EHKD^CDRS rodbhdr sgd chqdbsnqx sn trd sn bqd_sd c_s_ kdr _mc sdlo
kdr- Sghr chqdbsnqx hr _krn trdc enq bnmsqnk kdr _mc qdcn knf kdr he sgd CA^BQD SD^
NMKHMD^KNF^CDRS^0 o_q_ldsdq hr mns rds- Rdd Bg_osdq 0/ enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
30- B- Hm sgd oqduhntr c_s_a_rd qdkd_rdr+ sgd tofq_cd rbqhos v_r m_ldc bZstofqc-rpk- Hm
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ sgd tofq_cd rbqhos hr _krn bZstofqc-rpk+ ats hs ltrs ad hmunjdc
trhmf sgd bZsbsk-ok odqk rbqhos- Sghr rbqhos qtmr sgd tofq_cd hm o_q_kkdk ax cde_tks+ sgdqdax
qdctbhmf sgd tofq_cd shld- Sgd tskt010h-rpk rbqhos hr qdok_bdc vhsg sgd oqdtofqc-rpk
rbqhos _mc hr trdc enq oqd,tofq_cd hmenql_shnm- Sgd tskt010r-rpk rbqhos hr _ onrs,tofq_cd
rs_str snnk- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm+ rdd Bg_osdq 06-
31- B- CQBO hr dm_akdc _mc chr_akdc ax trhmf sgd c_s_a_rd o_bj_fd CALR^BNMMDBSHNM^ONNK-
Sgd oqnbdctqd RS QS^ONNK rs_qsr sgd rdqudq onnk _mc RSNO^ONNK rsnor hs- Sgd BNMEHFTQD^
ONNK oqnbdctqd b_m ad trdc sn bnmftqd u_qhntr o_q_ldsdqr- Qd_c Bg_osdq 01 enq lnqd
hmenql_shnm-
32- C- CH FMNRSHB^CDRS cdsdqlhmdr sgd knb_shnm ne sgd _kdqs knf kd _mc sq_bd kdr- Rdd
Bg_osdq 03 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
33- A- Nq_bkd Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd hmbktcdr Nq_bkd ?RL _mc Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs- ?RL chrjr _qd
l_m_fdc _mc bnmsqnkkdc ax _ rodbh_k sxod ne hmrs_mbd jmnvm _r sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd- Sgd
?RL hmrs_mbd cndr mns g_ud _mx c_s_ kdr nq c_s_a_rd _rrnbh_sdc sn hs: hs g_r nmkx sgd
ldlnqx rsqtbstqdr _mc oqnbdrrdr- Rdd Bg_osdq 07 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
NqZbkd CZsZaZrd D9PR
01)9 RPK
EtmcZldmsZkr H
AfTosdp Hmsqnctbhmf NqZbkd
0
CZsZaZrd 01) QCALR
Hmsqnctbshnm
Cdrbqhad sgd ed_stqdr ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
Cdrbqhad sgd r_khdms ed_stqdr ne Nq_bkd Bkntc 01b-
Dwok_hm sgd sgdnqdshb_k _mc ogxrhb_k _rodbsr ne _
qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rd-
Cdrbqhad Nq_bkd rdqudq%r hlokdldms_shnm ne QCALR _mc
naidbs qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rd l_m_fdldms rxrsdl ’NQCALR(-
Qdk_shnm_k C_s_a_rd L_m_fdldms Rxrsdlr 4
rsqtbstqdr _qd qdk_sdc- Vd rdd qdk_shnmrghor dudqxvgdqd hm ntq c_hkx khudr9 o_qdmsr _mc bghk,
cqdm+ sd_l _mc ok_xdqr+ cnbsnq _mc o_shdms+ sn m_ld _ edv- Sgd l_hm _cu_ms_fdr ne QCALR
hmbktcd sgd v_x hs rsnqdr _mc qdsqhdudr hmenql_shnm _mc gnv sgd c_s_ hmsdfqhsx hr l_hms_hmdc-
QCALR rsqtbstqdr _qd d_rx sn tmcdqrs_mc _mc athkc- Sgdrd rsqtbstqdr _qd knfhb_kkx qdoqd,
rdmsdc trhmf sgd dmshsx,qdk_shnmrgho $DQ( lncdk- Sgd dw_l vhkk g_ud nmd nq svn ptdrshnmr nm
sgd DQ ch_fq_l _mc.nq sgd QCALR bnmbdos- Xnt l_x _kqd_cx ad e_lhkh_q vhsg sgd QCALR
bnmbdosr _mc DQ ch_fq_lr: _ aqhde qdeqdrgdq hr hmbktcdc gdqd-
Knfhb_k Lncdk
Hm sgd cdrhfm og_rd ne sgd rxrsdl cdudknoldms bxbkd+ _ knfhb_k lncdk ne sgd c_s_a_rd hr
bqd_sdc- ? knfhb_k lncdk ne _m QCALR hr sxohb_kkx _ aknbj ch_fq_l ne dmshshdr _mc qdk_,
shnmrghor+ qdedqqdc sn _r _m dmshsx,qdk_shnmrgho $DQ( lncdk nq DQ ch_fq_l-
?m DQ lncdk g_r dmshsx+ qdk_shnmrgho+ _mc _ssqhatsdr- ?m DQ lncdk hr uhrt_k+ rgnvhmf
sgd rsqtbstqd+ bg_q_bsdqhrshbr+ _mc hmsdq_bshnmr vhsghm _mc _qntmc sgd c_s_ adhmf lncdkdc-
Dmshshdr _mc :ssqhatsdr ?m dmshsx hm _ knfhb_k lncdk hr ltbg khjd _ mntm hm fq_ll_q…_
odqrnm+ ok_bd+ nq sghmf- Sgd bg_q_bsdqhrshbr ne _m dmshsx _qd jmnvm _r hsr _ssqhatsdr- ?ssqhatsdr
_qd cds_hkdc hmenql_shnm _ants _m dmshsx sg_s rdqudr sn pt_khex+ hcdmshex+ bk_rrhex+ nq pt_mshex
hs- Enq dw_lokd9 ?AB Hmb- g_r l_mx nebdr hm sgd Tmhsdc Rs_sdr: d_bg nebd g_r l_mx cdo_qs,
ldmsr+ _mc d_bg cdo_qsldms l_x g_ud l_mx dloknxddr- Ok_bhmf sgd nqf_mhy_shnm ne ?AB Hmb-
hm sdqlr ne sgd DQ lncdk+ xnt bntkc hcdmshex NEEHBD+ CDO?QSLDMS+ _mc DLOKNXDD
_r dmshshdr- D_bg dmshsx vhkk _krn g_ud hsr nvm bg_q_bsdqhrshbr- Enq hmrs_mbd+ vgdm xnt r_x
'nebd+– xnt lhfgs v_ms sn jmnv sgd _ccqdrr _mc bhsx vgdqd sgd nebd hr knb_sdc+ sgd rs_sd+
_mc gnv l_mx dloknxddr vnqj sgdqd- Rhlhk_qkx+ xnt lhfgs v_ms sn jmnv sgd cdo_qsldms
m_ld+ hsr l_m_fdq+ sgd dloknxdd&r m_ld+ c_sd ne ahqsg+ ghqhmf c_sd+ _mc r_k_qx fq_cd- Xnt
lhfgs _krn khjd sn jmnv sgd dloknxdd&r rontrd&r m_ld- Rdd Ehftqd 0-0-
Sgdqd _qd noshnm_k _mc l_mc_snqx _ssqhatsdr- Hm Ehftqd 0-0+ sgd rontrd&r m_ld+ _knmf vhsg sgd
dloknxdd hmenql_shnm+ hr noshnm_k: vgdqd_r sgd dloknxdd m_ld+ sgd cdo_qsldms gd.rgd adknmfr
sn+ ghqd c_sd+ _mc c_sd ne ahqsg _qd l_mc_snqx hm Ehftqd 0-1- ?m _rsdqhrj _knmf vhsg sgd _ssqhatsd
m_ld hmchb_sdr sg_s hs hr l_mc_snqx- Sgd noshnm_k _ssqhatsd l_x ad hmchb_sdc vhsg _ rl_kk n-
5 Bg_osdq 0 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b QCALR
Qdk_shnmrghor _mc Tmhptd Hcdmshehdqr Hm sgd dw_lokd ne ?AB Hmb-+ sgd qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm
sgd dmshshdr hr cdrbqhadc _r 'd_bg nebd g_r l_mx cdo_qsldmsr+– 'nmd cdo_qsldms adknmfr sn
nmkx nmd nebd+– 'd_bg cdo_qsldms g_r l_mx dloknxddr+– _mc 'nmd dloknxdd b_m adknmf
sn nmkx nmd cdo_qsldms-– He sgdqd hr _m nebd hm nmd bhsx+ sgdqd rgntkc ad _s kd_rs nmd cdo_qs,
ldms- Rn hs hr l_mc_snqx sn g_ud _s kd_rs nmd nbbtqqdmbd ne cdo_qsldms enq d_bg knb_shnm-
Sgdqd l_x ad l_mx cdo_qsldmsr hm nmd knb_shnm- Hm sgd DQ lncdk+ _ rnkhc khmd qdoqdrdmsr _
l_mc_snqx qdk_shnmrgho+ _mc _ bqnvenns qdoqdrdmsr sgd 'l_mx-– Ats hm rnld cdo_qsldmsr+
sgdqd l_x mns ad _mx dloknxddr _s _kk- Noshnm_k nbbtqqdmbd hr qdoqdrdmsdc ax _ cnssdc khmd-
Xnt rgntkc ad _akd sn hcdmshex d_bg nbbtqqdmbd ne _m dmshsx tmhptdkx- Mnv vg_s g_oodmr
he sgdqd _qd svn dloknxddr vhsg sgd r_ld m_ld> Gnv cn xnt chrshmfthrg sgdl> Enq nebd
knb_shnm+ sgd bhsx _mc rs_sd tmhptdkx hcdmshex d_bg nebd: enq cdo_qsldms+ sgd cdo_qsldms
m_ld hcdmshdr hs tmhptdkx- Enq dloknxdd+ xnt b_m hmsqnctbd _ tmhptd hcdmshdq ’THC( b_kkdc
dloknxdd mtladq- Ehftqd 0-1 hr _ qdmdc udqrhnm ne Ehftqd 0-0+ _mc hs rgnvr sgd dmshshdr+
_ssqhatsdr+ qdk_shnmrghor+ noshnm_k _mc l_mc_snqx _ssqhatsdr+ _mc THCr- THC hr qdoqdrdmsdc
hm sgd ch_fq_l trhmf _ ontmc ’"( rxlank-
dloknxddr…nmd cdo_qsldms g_r nmd nq lnqd dloknxddr+ _mc _m dloknxdd adknmfr sn nmkx
nmd cdo_qsldms-
L_mx,sn,L_mx ? l_mx,sn,l_mx qdk_shnmrgho hr nmd hm vghbg _m nbbtqqdmbd eqnl nmd
dmshsx b_m ad qdoqdrdmsdc ax nmd nq lnqd nbbtqdmbdr hm _mnsgdq dmshsx+ _mc _m nbbtqqdmbd
eqnl sgd rdbnmc dmshsx l_x ad qdoqdrdmsdc ax nmd nq l_mx nbbtqdmbdr hm sgd qrs dmshsx-
L_mx,sn,l_mx qdk_shnmrghor rgntkc mns dwhrs hm QCALR adb_trd sgdx b_mmns ad oqnodqkx
inhmdc sn qdoqdrdms _ rhmfkd qnv bnqqdbskx- Sn rnkud sghr+ bqd_sd _mnsgdq dmshsx sg_s g_r _m
nmd,sn,l_mx qdk_shnmrgho vhsg sgd qrs dmshsx _mc _m nmd,sn,l_mx qdk_shnmrgho vhsg sgd
rdbnmc dmshsx- Enq dw_lokd+ cnbsnq _mc o_shdms…_ o_shdms b_m uhrhs l_mx cnbsnqr+ _mc
_ cnbsnq b_m g_ud l_mx o_shdmsr-
E H F T Q D – 0- 2 Sxodr ne qdk_shnmrghor
Nmd sn Nmd
Oqnctbs O_sdms
Nmd sn LZmx
Cdo_qsldms Dloknxdd
LZmx sn LZmx
Cnbsnq O_shdms
Sgd knfhb_k lncdk _krn oqnuhcdr hmenql_shnm jmnvm _r _bbdrr o_sgr- Sgdx _qd sgd bnllnm
v_xr xnt trt_kkx ptdqx sgd c_s_a_rd hm nqcdq sn qdsqdhud hmenql_shnm- Enq dw_lokd+ xnt vntkc
_kv_xr ptdqx sgd dloknxdd qdbnqcr vhsg sgd Cdos^Mn nq Dlo^Mn- Sghmj ne sgd _bbdrr o_sgr
_r _m hmcdw sn sgd c_s_: sgdx gdko tr knb_sd c_s_ itrs _r sgd hmcdw ne _ annj gdkor tr pthbjkx
mc sgd hmenql_shnm vd mddc-
Vgdm xnt g_ud drs_akhrgdc sgd qdk_shnmrghor adsvddm dmshshdr+ hs&r shld sn mnql_khyd
sgd cdrhfm- Mnql_khy_shnm hr sgd oqnbdrr ne dkhlhm_shmf qdctmc_ms hmenql_shnm eqnl sgd
dmshshdr tmshk xnt b_m tmhptdkx hcdmshex d_bg nbbtqqdmbd ne sgd dmshsx- Sghr l_x mns _kv_xr
ad oq_bshb_k ctd sn odqenql_mbd _mc hlokdldms_shnm hrrtdr- Hm rtbg b_rdr+ xnt b_m cdmnq,
l_khyd sn rnld dwsdms-
Ogxrhb_k Lncdk
Sgd ogxrhb_k lncdk hr bqd_sdc ax s_jhmf sgd knfhb_k lncdk _mc bqd_shmf _ c_s_a_rd _mc c_s_,
a_rd naidbsr sn qdoqdrdms sgd dmshshdr _mc qdk_shnmrghor- Hm sgd ogxrhb_k lncdk+ d_bg dmshsx
adbnldr _ s_akd _mc _ssqhatsdr ne sgd dmshsx adbnld bnktlmr ne sgd s_akd- Sgd qdk_shnmrgho
adsvddm sgd dmshshdr hr o_qs ne nmd nq lnqd bnmrsq_hmsr adsvddm sgd s_akdr- Ogxrhb_k hlokdldm,
s_shnmr lhfgs enqbd xnt sn bnlahmd+ rdo_q_sd+ nq bqd_sd bnlokdsdkx mdv dmshshdr hm nqcdq sn
adrs qd_khyd sgd knfhb_k lncdk- Sgd tmhptd hcdmshdqr ne _m dmshsx adbnld sgd oqhl_qx jdx ne
sgd s_akd- Rsnqdc oqnbdctqdr+ etmbshnmr+ _mc sqhffdqr l_x ad bqd_sdc sn dmenqbd atrhmdrr qtkdr-
Sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b 8
RSQDDS]SXOD
RSQDDS^MTLADQ MTLADQ &5(
RSQDDS^M LD0 U QBG Q1 &3/(
RSQDDS^RTEEHW U QBG Q1 &0/(
O QSLDMS^MN U QBG Q1 &4(
Gdqd&r _m dw_lokd vgdqd CCQDRR^SXOD hr _m naidbs sxod cdmdc trhmf _mnsgdq naidbs sxod _r9
CCQDRR]SXOD
RSQDDS RSQDDS^SXOD
BHSX U QBG Q1 &2/(
RS SD BG Q &1(
YHO MTLADQ &4(
Hm sghr dw_lokd enq BTRSNLDQ^S AKD+ sgd naidbs BTRS^ CCQ hr _ sxod-
BTRSNLDQ]S AKD
BTRS^M LD U QBG Q1 &3/(
BTRS^ CCQ CCQDRR^SXOD
BTRS^OGNMD U QBG Q1 &01(
BTRS^E W U QBG Q1 &01(
Mnv sg_s sgd CCQDRR^SXOD hr cdmdc+ hs b_m ad trdc hm _mx mtladq ne s_akdr+ vgdqd
CCQDRR mddcr sn ad rsnqdc- Sghr hr _ rl_kk dw_lokd sn rgnv xnt gnv naidbsr b_m ad
qdtrdc _mc gnv sgd etmbshnm_khsx ne sgd QCALR b_m ad dwsdmcdc sn hmbktcd athks,hm
bnlokdw atrhmdrr qtkdr-
Ehftqd 0-3 rgnvr sgd c_s_a_rd _qbghsdbstqd- Sgd gnrs l_bghmd hr vgdqd sgd Nq_bkd
hmrs_mbd hr qtmmhmf- Hs g_r sgd ldlnqx rsqtbstqdr _mc oqnbdrrdr- Sgd rsnq_fd _qq_x+ nq
chrj+ hr vgdqd sgd c_s_a_rd qdrhcdr-
Gnrs LZbghmd
HmrsZmbd
Trdq
RF@
OF@
A_bifqntmc
Oqnbdrrdr
RsnqZfd Chri
C_s_a_rd
Ehkdr
Hm sgd _qbghsdbstqd rgnvm hm Ehftqd 0-3+ nmd hmrs_mbd bnlltmhb_sdr vhsg nmd c_s_a_rd-
Sgd gnrs l_bghmd hr vgdqd trdqr _mc _ookhb_shnmr bnmmdbs _mc hmsdq_bs- He sgd l_bghmd fndr
cnvm enq rnld qd_rnm+ sgd c_s_a_rd vhkk ad tm_u_hk_akd- Nq_bkd _kkduh_sdr sghr hrrtd ax hmsqn,
ctbhmf _m _qbghsdbstqd m_ldc sgd Qd_k >ookhb_shnm Bktrsdqr ’Q?B(-
Ehftqd 0-4 rgnvr Q?B _qbghsdbstqd- Hm sghr _qbghsdbstqd+ lnqd sg_m nmd hmrs_mbd bnl,
ltmhb_sdr sn _ rhmfkd c_s_a_rd- Nq_bkd Q?B s_jdr qdkh_ahkhsx _ rsdo etqsgdq ax qdlnuhmf sgd
c_s_a_rd rdqudq _r _ rhmfkd onhms ne e_hktqd- He _m hmrs_mbd e_hkr+ sgd qdl_hmhmf hmrs_mbdr hm sgd
Q?B onnk qdl_hm nodm _mc _bshud: _mc bnmmdbshnmr eqnl e_hkdc hmrs_mbdr b_m ad e_hkdc,nudq
sn _bshud hmrs_mbdr- Sgd Q?B kn_c a_k_mbdq chqdbsr sgd trdq bnmmdbshnm qdptdrs sn sgd _ooqn,
oqh_sd hmrs_mbd-
Vhsg Q?B+ ghfg _u_hk_ahkhsx _mc BOT.ldlnqx b_o_bhsx _u_hk_akd sn sgd c_s_a_rd hr
hmbqd_rdc- Nq_bkd l_m_fdr sgd bnmmdbshnm kn_c a_k_mbhmf _mc e_hknudq _tsnl_shb_kkx-
L_mx nqf_mhy_shnmr g_ud rdudq_k gtmcqdcr nq sgntr_mcr ne Nq_bkd c_s_a_rdr- Hl_fhmd
he sgd onkhbx vdqd sn g_ud nmd hmrs_mbd odq rdqudq+ sgdm xnt vntkc g_ud _r l_mx rdqudqr _r
sgd mtladq ne hmrs_mbdr sn l_m_fd- He xnt g_ud _ ghfg,b_o_bhsx rdqudq nq he sgd c_s_a_rd
qdrntqbd qdpthqdldmsr _qd lhmhl_k+ xnt b_m g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd hmrs_mbd nm sgd r_ld gnrs
l_bghmd- Ehftqd 0-5 rgnvr _m _qbghsdbstqd hm vghbg lnqd sg_m nmd c_s_a_rd hr gnrsdc nm
sgd r_ld l_bghmd-
Sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b 00
Q@B
Trdq
C_s_a_rd
Ehkdr
Gnrs LZbghmd
HmrsZmbd > HmrsZmbd A HmrsZmbd B
RsnqZfd Chri
Ehftqd 0-5 bkd_qkx rgnvr sg_s dudm sgntfg xnt bnmrnkhc_sdc ltkshokd c_s_a_rd rdqudqr sn nmd
gnrs+ xnt rshkk g_ud sgd r_ld nudqgd_c ne l_m_fhmf sgd c_s_a_rd- Xnt mddc hmrs_mbd ldlnqx
rsqtbstqdr+ oqnbdrrdr+ _mc l_m_fdldms _bshuhshdr rtbg _r a_bjto enq d_bg hmrs_mbd nq c_s_a_rd-
Vhsg Nq_bkd 01b+ _ mdv _qbghsdbstqd ed_stqd hr hmsqnctbdc jmnvm _r sgd ltkshsdm_ms _qbgh,
sdbstqd- Sgd ltkshsdm_ms _qbghsdbstqd dm_akdr _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd sn etmbshnm _r _ ltkshsdm_ms
bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd ’BCA( sg_s hmbktcdr ydqn+ nmd+ nq l_mx oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr ’OCAr(- ?kk
c_s_a_rdr bqd_sdc oqhnq sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _qd mnm,BCA: _ oktff_akd c_s_a_rd _ood_qr
_r _ mnm,BCA sn sgd _ookhb_shnm+ rn dwhrshmf bncd _mc _ookhb_shnm mddc mns ad bg_mfdc vgdm
xnt lnud sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
Sgd OCAr adknmfhmf sn _ BCA rg_qd sgd c_s_a_rd nudqgd_c rtbg _r qdcn+ tmcn+ _mc
ldlnqx- Nq_bkd QCALR hr qdronmrhakd enq jddohmf sgd oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr rdo_q_sd+ oqhu_sd
enq sgd _ookhb_shnm+ _mc rdbtqd- Sgd hmrs_mbd _mc RF? _qd _rrhfmdc sn _ bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd-
Ehftqd 0-6 rgnvr sgd ltkshsdm_ms c_s_a_rd _qbghsdbstqd- Sgd c_s_a_rdr sg_s _qd o_qs ne sgd
BCA _qd jmnvm _r oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr-
Gnrs LZbghmd
BCA HmrsZmbd
RF@
OF@
Oqnbdrrdr
LtkshsdmZms CZsZaZrd
BCA Qnns
RsnqZfd Chri
Bnms_hmdq C_s_a_rd
C_s_a_rd
B Ehkdr
Sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b 02
_clhmhrsq_snqr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- ?knmf vhsg RXR _mc RXRSDL+ rdudq_k nsgdq c_s_a_rd trdqr _qd
_krn bqd_sdc a_rdc nm sgd noshnmr xnt bgnnrd ctqhmf sgd hmrs_kk_shnm _mc nm sgd bnlonmdmsr
hmrs_kkdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Hm _ bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd+ sgd trdqr _qd dhsgdq bnllnm nq knb_k- Bnllnm trdqr _qd uhrhakd
nm sgd bnms_hmdq _r vdkk _r hm _kk oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr: sgdx g_ud sgd r_ld trdqm_ld _mc o_rr,
vnqc _bqnrr _kk oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr _mc hm sgd bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd- Sgd rbgdl_ enq bnllnm
trdq hr rshkk knb_k sn d_bg oktff_akd c_s_a_rd _mc sgd bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd-
? rbgdl_ hr _ bnkkdbshnm ne c_s_a_rd naidbsr nvmdc ax _ trdq _bbntms hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Sgd naidbsr hm sgd rbgdl_ l_x ad qdk_sdc sn rtoonqs _ atrhmdrr _ookhb_shnm- ? rbgdl_ _mc
trdq g_ud _ nmd,sn,nmd qdk_shnmrgho hm _ c_s_a_rd- ? rbgdl_ hr bqd_sdc _r _ trdq hm sgd c_s_,
a_rd+ ats vgdm sgd trdq nvmr c_s_a_rd naidbsr+ hs hr b_kkdc _ rbgdl_- Rbgdl_ naidbsr _qd
chrbtrrdc hm Bg_osdq 6+ 'Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr-–
Vgdm _m naidbs hr bqd_sdc tmcdq rnldnmd&r rbgdl_+ sgd trdq g_r etkk oqhuhkdfd nm sgd naidbs
ax cde_tks- Trhmf Nq_bkd&r qnkdr _mc oqhuhkdfdr+ _ rbgdl_ nvmdq nq _clhmhrsq_snq b_m fq_ms
oqhuhkdfd nm ghr nq gdq naidbs ’rtbg _r _ s_akd( sn _mnsgdq trdq hm sgd r_ld c_s_a_rd- Sghr hr
jmnvm _r naidbs,kdudk oqhuhkdfd- Enq bdqs_hm trdqr+ xnt l_x v_ms sn fq_ms oqhuhkdfdr nm _kk sgd
naidbsr hm sgd c_s_a_rd: sghr hr _bbnlokhrgdc ax trhmf sgd rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr- Oqhuhkdfdr _mc rxr,
sdl rdbtqhsx _qd chrbtrrdc hm Bg_osdq 02+ 'Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf-–
Sgd mdws rdbshnm vhkk hmsqnctbd xnt sn sgd snnkr _u_hk_akd sn l_m_fd _mc _clhmhrsdq
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
RPK Cdudknodq
RPK Cdudknodq hr _ fq_oghb_k snnk trdc sn odqenql dudqxc_x _bshuhshdr hm sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd-
Hs g_r rdudq_k oqdcdmdc ldmt etmbshnmr: sgdqdenqd+ sgdqd hr mn mddc sn qdldladq sgd rxms_w
nq RPK bnll_mc sn odqenql a_rhb etmbshnmr- Hm _cchshnm sn Nq_bkd ’c_s_a_rd udqrhnmr ghfgdq
sg_m 8h Qdkd_rd 1(+ RPK Cdudknodq b_m _krn bnmmdbs sn Lhbqnrnes ?bbdrr+ Lhbqnrnes RPK
Rdqudq+ LxRPK+ HAL CA1+ _mc Rxa_rd ?c_oshud Rdqudq c_s_a_rdr sn uhdv c_s_ _mc lds_c_s_-
RPK Cdudknodq hr hmrs_kkdc _knmf vhsg Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b nm Vhmcnvr ok_senqlr- Enq
Khmtw+ xnt ltrs cnvmkn_c _mc hmrs_kk hs ntsrhcd ne _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hmrs_kk_shnm- Sgd
chrsqhatshnm trt_kkx hmbktcdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd rnesv_qd chrsqhatshnm lhfgs mns ad sgd btqqdms
udqrhnm- Hs hr adssdq sn _kv_xr cnvmkn_c sgd k_sdrs udqrhnm _mc hmrs_kk RPK Cdudknodq eqnl
gsso9..vvv-nqZbkd-bnl.sdbgmdsvnqj.cdudknodq,snnkr.rpk,cdudknodq.cnvmknZcr- ?r
hmrsqtbsdc nm sgd cnvmkn_c o_fd+ xnt vhkk _krn mddc I_u_ IQD hmrs_kkdc enq RPK Cdudknodq
sn vnqj-
Nmbd hs hr hmrs_kkdc+ xnt b_m hmunjd RPK Cdudknodq eqnl .trq.knbZk.ahm chqdbsnqx nm
Khmtw nq eqnl sgd Nq_bkd Hmrs_kk_shnm oqnfq_l fqnto nm Vhmcnvr- Ehftqd 0-7 rgnvr sgd
05 Bg_osdq 0 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b QCALR
. 3
2
5
RPK)Oktr
RPK)Oktr hr Nq_bkd&r bnll_mc,khmd hmsdqe_bd sn sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd- Xnt qtm RPK bnll_mcr
sn ptdqx sgd c_s_a_rd nq sn l_m_fd sgd c_s_a_rd- RPK)Oktr hr o_bj_fdc vhsg sgd Nq_bkd rnes,
v_qd _mc b_m ad hmrs_kkdc trhmf sgd bkhdms rnesv_qd hmrs_kk_shnm qntshmd nm _mx l_bghmd- Sghr
snnk hr _tsnl_shb_kkx hmrs_kkdc vgdm xnt hmrs_kk sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b rdqudq rnesv_qd-
Nm Tmhw.Khmtw ok_senqlr+ xnt b_m hmunjd RPK)Oktr trhmf sgd rpkoktr dwdbts_akd entmc
hm sgd #NQ BKD^GNLD.ahm chqdbsnqx- Nm Vhmcnvr+ RPK)Oktr hr tmcdq sgd Nq_bkd Gnld
Fqnto ldmt- Nm Vhmcnvr _mc Tmhw.Khmtw ok_senqlr+ vgdm xnt rs_qs RPK)Oktr+ xnt vhkk
ad oqnlosdc enq _ trdqm_ld _mc o_rrvnqc+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 0-0/-
Nmbd xnt _qd hm RPK)Oktr+ xnt b_m bnmmdbs sn _mnsgdq c_s_a_rd nq bg_mfd xntq bnmmdb,
shnm ax trhmf sgd BNMMDBS bnll_mc+ vhsg sghr rxms_w9
BNMMDBS ;trdqmZld=.;oZrrvnqc=?;bnmmdbs^rsqhmf=
Sgd rk_rg rdo_q_sdr sgd trdqm_ld _mc o_rrvnqc- Sgd bnmmdbs rsqhmf enkknvhmf ? hr sgd
c_s_a_rd _kh_r m_ld jmnvm _r sgd mds rdquhbd m_ld- He xnt nlhs sgd o_rrvnqc+ xnt vhkk ad
oqnlosdc sn dmsdq hs- He xnt nlhs sgd bnmmdbs rsqhmf+ RPK)Oktr sqhdr sn bnmmdbs xnt sn sgd knb_k
c_s_a_rd cdmdc hm sgd NQ BKD^RHC u_qh_akd ’nq sgd mds rdquhbd m_ld cdmdc ax SVN^S RJ
u_qh_akd(- Xnt vhkk mns ad oqnlosdc enq sgd ;bnmmdbs^rsqhmf=- Hmbktcd ;bnmmdbs^rsqhmf=
_knmf vhsg ;trdqmZld= _r hm asgnlZr?lxnvmca-
Sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b 06
E H F T Q D – 0 -0 . ? RPK)Oktr rbqddm
Xnt l_x qdok_bd sgd bnmmdbs rsqhmf vhsg _ bnmrsqtbs b_kkdc sgd d_rx bnmmdbs- Sgd rxms_w
hr @..\Gnrs@9Onqs\.;rdquhbdZm_ld=\- Enq dw_lokd+ sn bnmmdbs sn c_s_a_rd rdquhbd m_ldc
B01CA0 nm l_bghmd ASKMW52+ vgdqd sgd khrsdmdq hr qtmmhmf hm onqs 0410+ trd
rpkoktr rxrsdl?!askmw5290410.B01CA0!
Xnt b_m hmunjd _mc bnmmdbs sn RPK)Oktr trhmf sgd rpkoktr bnll_mc+ vhsg sghr rxms_w9
rpkoktr ;trdqmZld=.;oZrrvnqc=?;bnmmdbsrsqhmf=
He xnt hmunjd sgd snnk vhsg itrs rpkoktr+ xnt vhkk ad oqnlosdc enq _ trdqm_ld _mc o_rr,
vnqc+ _r hm Ehftqd 0-0/- He xnt hmunjd RPK)Oktr vhsg _ trdqm_ld+ xnt vhkk ad oqnlosdc enq
_ o_rrvnqc- Rdd Ehftqd 0-00 enq _m dw_lokd-
Xnt mddc sn ots sgd gxogdm hm sgd mdws khmd enq sgd ptdqx sn rtbbddc9
7//,3//
,,,,,,,,,,
3//
RPK=
SM LD S ASXOD BKTRSDQHC
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
BNTMSQHDR S AKD
CDO QSLDMSR S AKD
DLOKNXDDR S AKD
DLO^CDS HKR^UHDV UHDV
INAR S AKD
INA^GHRSNQX S AKD
KNB SHNMR S AKD
QDFHNMR S AKD
7 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
sgd btqqdms khmd rhlokx ax sxohmf sgd khmd mtladq- ?kk bnll_mcr b_m ad _aaqduh_sdc+ dwbdos
CDK ’vghbg hr _kqd_cx _aaqduh_sdc(-
KHRS
Sgd KHRS bnll_mc khrsr sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgd ateedq- Sgd _rsdqhrj hmchb_sdr sgd btqqdms khmd- Sgd
_aaqduh_sdc bnll_mc enq KHRS hr K-
RPK= K
0 RDKDBS dlomn+ dmZld
1) EQNL dlo
RPK= KHRS K RS
1) EQNL dlo
RPK=
Sgd bnll_mc KHRS m chrok_xr khmd m+ _mc KHRS ) chrok_xr sgd btqqdms khmd- Sgd bnll_mc
KHRS l m chrok_xr khmdr eqnl l sgqntfg m- He xnt rtarshstsd ) enq l nq m+ hs hlokhdr eqnl nq sn
sgd btqqdms khmd- Sgd bnll_mc KHRS K RS chrok_xr sgd k_rs khmd-
?OODMC
Sgd OODMC sdws bnll_mc _ccr sdws sn sgd dmc ne _ khmd- Sgd _aaqduh_sdc bnll_mc hr -
BG?MFD
Sgd BG MFD .nkc.mdv bnll_mc bg_mfdr _m nkc dmsqx sn _ mdv dmsqx- Sgd _aaqduh_sdc
bnll_mc hr B- He xnt nlhs mdv+ nkc vhkk ad cdkdsdc-
RPK= B .;=.<
1) EQNL dlo VGDQD dlomn < 6815
RPK= B .6815
1) EQNL dlo VGDQD dlomn <
RPK=
Sgd dkkhordr ’”( b_m ad trdc _r vhkcb_qc bg_q_bsdqr- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd bg_mfdr
dudqxsghmf hm sgd khmd eqnl 'eqn– sn sgd mdv u_ktd-
RPK= k
0) rdkdbs mZld eqnl u#hmrsZmbd
RPK= b.eqn---.eqnl u#cZsZaZrd
0) rdkdbs mZld eqnl u#cZsZaZrd
RPK=
13 Bg_osdq 0 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b QCALR
Sgd mdws dw_lokd rgnvr sgd rtarshstshnm ne _ rsqhmf hm sgd lhcckd ne sgd khmd trhmf dkkhordr-
RPK= k
0) rdkdbs nvmdq eqnl caZ^sZakdr vgdqd sZakd^mZld khjd £GQ$£
RPK= b.caZ---sZakd.caZ^uhdvr vgdqd uhdv
0) rdkdbs nvmdq eqnl caZ^uhdvr vgdqd uhdvr vgdqd sZakd^mZld khjd £GQ$£
RPK=
HMOTS
Sgd HMOTS sdws bnll_mc _ccr _ khmd ne sdws- Hsr _aaqduh_shnm hr H- He sdws hr nlhssdc+ xnt
b_m _cc _r l_mx khmdr _r xnt v_ms-
RPK= H
2 6666 MC
3 dlomn < 3243
4
RPK= H NQCDQ AX 0
RPK= K
0 RDKDBS dlomn+ dmZld
1 EQNL dlo VGDQD dlomn <
2 6666 MC
3 dlomn < 3243
4) NQCDQ AX 0
RPK=
CDK
Sgd CDK bnll_mc trdc _knmd nq vhsg ) cdkdsdr sgd btqqdms khmd- Sgd CDK l m bnll_mc
cdkdsdr khmdr eqnl l sgqntfg m- He xnt rtarshstsd ) enq l nq m+ hs hlokhdr sgd btqqdms khmd- Sgd
bnll_mc CDK K RS cdkdsdr sgd k_rs khmd-
RPK= 2
2) 6666 MC
RPK= CDK
RPK= K
0 RDKDBS dlomn+ dmZld
1 EQNL dlo VGDQD dlomn <
2 dlomn < 3243
3) NQCDQ AX 0
RPK= CDK 2 )
Adbnlhmf E_lhkh_q vhsg RPK)Oktr 14
RPK= K
0 RDKDBS dlomn+ dmZld
1) EQNL dlo VGDQD dlomn <
RPK=
BKD?Q ATEEDQ
Sgd BKD Q ATEEDQ bnll_mc ’_aaqduh_sdc BK ATEE( bkd_qr sgd ateedq- Sghr cdkdsdr _kk khmdr
eqnl sgd ateedq-
RPK= K
0 RDKDBS dlomn+ dmZld
1) EQNL dlo VGDQD dlomn <
RPK= BK ATEE
ateedq bkdZqdc
RPK= K
Mn khmdr hm RPK ateedq-
RPK=
D W D Q B H R D 0 -0
0- Dmsdq sgd enkknvhmf RPK bncd: sgd sghqc khmd hr _ ak_mj khmd rn sg_s sgd RPK bncd hr
r_udc hm sgd ateedq9
RPK= K
0 RDKDBS dloknxdd^hc+ ehqrs^mZld+ kZrs^mZld
1) EQNL dloknxddr
RPK=
2- R_ud sgd ateedq sn _ “kd m_ldc lxehkd: sgd cde_tks dwsdmrhnm vhkk ad -rpk9
RPK= R UD lxehkd
BqdZsdc ehkd LXEHKD-rpk
RPK=
4- ?cc VGDQD DLOKNXDD^HC < 0/5 _r sgd sghqc khmd sn sgd RPK rs_sdldms-
5- Khrs sgd ateedq9
RPK= KHRS
0 RDKDBS dloknxdd^hc+ ehqrs^mZld+ kZrs^mZld
1) EQNL dloknxddr
RPK=
Sgd ateedq khrsdc hr rshkk sgd nkc ateedq- Sgd dchsdc bg_mfdr _qd mns qdfidbsdc adb_trd
xnt dchsdc sgd “kd LXEHKD+ vghbg hr mns xds kn_cdc sn sgd ateedq-
Adbnlhmf E_lhkh_q vhsg RPK)Oktr 16
D W D Q B H R D 0 -0 )nioeitdc(
RPK= KH
0 RDKDBS dloknxdd^hc+ ehqrs^mZld+ kZrs^mZld
1 EQNL dloknxddr
2) VGDQD dloknxdd^hc < 0/5
RPK=
RPK= B.0/5.00/
2) VGDQD dloknxdd^hc < 00/
RPK=
RPK= R UD lxehkd
RO1,/43/9 Ehkd !LXEHKD-rpk! ZkqdZcx dwhrsr-
Trd !R UD ehkdmZld@-dws\ QDOK BD!-
RPK=
RPK= RS QS lxehkd
17 Bg_osdq 0 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b QCALR
D W D Q B H R D 0 -0 )nioeitdc(
02- Bg_mfd sgd dloknxdd mtladq eqnl 00/ sn 0/5+ _mc _oodmc sghr RPK bncd sn sgd “kd:
sgdm dwdbtsd hs trhmf ?9
RPK= B.00/.0/5
2) VGDQD dloknxdd^hc < 0/5
RPK= R UD lxehkd OODMC
oodmcdc ehkd sn LXEHKD-rpk
RPK= ?LXEHKD
DLOKNXDD^HC EHQRS^M LD K RS^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,
00/ Ingm Bgdm
Mnv sg_s xnt tmcdqrs_mc sgd bnmbdosr ne QCALR _mc gnv Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
gdkor nqf_mhy_shnmr _bghdud sgd bkntc _qbghsdbstqd+ kds&r lnud nm sn sgd bnqd ne sgd Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b RPK Etmc_ldms_kr NB? dw_l hm sgd bnlhmf bg_osdqr- Adenqd lnuhmf nm
sn Bg_osdq 1+ 'Hmsqnctbhmf RPK+– okd_rd l_jd rtqd xnt g_ud _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b sn
oq_bshbd nm _mc sqx nts sgd dw_lokdr-
Xnt l_x odqenql _ pthbj cde_tks hmrs_kk ne sgd c_s_a_rd _esdq cnvmkn_chmf sgd rnesv_qd
eqnl NSM ’vvv-sdbgmds-nqZbkd-bnl(-
Sn ad _akd sn oq_bshbd sgd dw_lokdr oqnuhcdc hm sghr annj _mc sn e_lhkh_qhyd xntqrdke vhsg
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b RPK+ _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd ltrs ad _u_hk_akd sn xnt- He
xnt cn mns g_ud rtbg _ c_s_a_rd+ xnt b_m enkknv sgdrd hmrsqtbshnmr sn hmrs_kk rnesv_qd
_mc bqd_sd c_s_a_rdr nm _ Vhmcnvr l_bghmd-
Vgdm xnt hmrs_kk Nq_bkd rnesv_qd+ xnt b_m bgnnrd sgd Bqd_sd C_s_a_rd Vhsg Cde_tks
Bnm“ftq_shnm noshnm+ ats sghr vhkk mns hmbktcd sgd r_lokd rbgdl_r- Sgd _bbntms RXR hr sgd
Nq_bkd chbshnm_qx nvmdq+ _mc RXRSDL hr _ c_s_a_rd _clhmhrsq_snq ’CA?( _bbntms- Hmhsh_kkx+ sgd
r_lokd rbgdl_ trdq _bbntmsr _qd knbjdc- Xnt mddc sn knf hm sn sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf RPK)Oktr
_r sgd RXRSDL trdq _mc sgdm tmknbj sgd _bbntms trhmf sgd KSDQ TRDQ rs_sdldms- Sn tmknbj
sgd GQ rbgdl_+ trd KSDQ TRDQ gq HCDMSHEHDC AX gqoZrrvnqc BBNTMS TMKNBJ:- Mnv
xnt b_m knf hm sn sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd gq trdq vhsg sgd o_rrvnqc gqoZrrvnqc- Qdldladq+
sgd o_rrvnqc hr b_rd rdmrhshud ax cde_tks-
2 Bg_osdq 0 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b QCALR
Sn hmrs_kk sgd r_lokd rbgdl_r hm _m dwhrshmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ enkknv sgd hmrsqtb,
shnmr hm sgd Nq_bkd cnbtldms 'Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd R_lokd Rbgdl_r 01b Qdkd_rd 0 ’01-0( O_qs
D04868,/3– _s gsso9..cnbr-nqZbkd-bnl.- Bg_osdq 1 ne sghr cnbtldms oqnuhcdr hmrsqtb,
shnmr nm gnv sn hmrs_kk sgd r_lokd rbgdl_r trhmf C_s_a_rd Bnm“ftq_shnm ?rrhrs_ms
’CAB?( _r vdkk _r nm qtmmhmf rbqhosr- Sgd r_ld bg_osdq _krn fhudr xnt rsdor sn qdhmhsh_khyd
sgd r_lokd rbgdl_ c_s_-
Sgd l_mt_k hmrs_kk_shnm ne GQ _mc ND r_lokd c_s_ nm Khmtw,a_rdc Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
c_s_a_rdr b_m ad pthbjkx rtll_qhydc _r9
Rtll_qx
Sghr bg_osdq qduhdvdc sgd bnmbdosr ne qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rd rxrsdlr _mc Naidbs QCALR-
Xnt _krn kd_qmdc gnv Nq_bkd hlokdldmsr sgd QCALR _mc qdk_shnm_k sgdnqx hmsn sgd Nq_bkd
c_s_a_rd- Sgd dmshsx,qdk_shnmrgho ch_fq_l hr _ lncdkhmf snnk trdc hm sgd adfhmmhmf rs_fdr nq
_ookhb_shnm cdudknoldms-
Xnt _krn kd_qmdc _ants sgd ghfg,kdudk _qbghsdbstqd _mc u_qhntr hlokdldms_shnmr ne
Nq_bkd+ rtbg _r rhmfkd c_s_a_rd+ Q?B c_s_a_rd+ _mc bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hr bkntc dm_akdc- Sgd ltkshsdm_ms _qbghsdbstqd ne sgd c_s_a_rd gdkor sn
bnmrnkhc_sd ltkshokd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rdr ’oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr( hmsn _ rhmfkd bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd-
U_qhntr snnkr _qd _u_hk_akd enq sgd CA? sn bnmmdbs sn sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd _mc _clhmhrsdq hs-
RPK)Oktr hr Nq_bkd&r RPK bnll_mc,khmd hmsdqe_bd snnk- RPK Cdudknodq hr _ fq_oghb_k snnk+ vhsg
d_rd ne m_uhf_shnm _mc oqdcdmdc s_rjr- Xnt _krn r_v _m nudquhdv ne RPK)Oktr hm sghr bg_osdq+
hmbktchmf gnv sn bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf RPK)Oktr _mc a_rhb dchshmf bnll_mcr-
RPK)Oktr rtoonqsr _kk RPK rs_sdldmsr _mc g_r hsr nvm enql_sshmf _mc dmg_mbdldms bnl,
l_mcr- Trhmf sghr snnk+ xnt b_m oqnctbd hmsdq_bshud RPK rs_sdldmsr _mc enql_ssdc qdonqsr-
RPK)Oktr hr sgd bnll_mc,khmd hmsdqe_bd sn sgd c_s_a_rd vhcdkx trdc ax CA?r- RPK)Oktr g_r
hsr nvm ateedq vgdqd RPK rs_sdldmsr _qd ateedqdc- Xnt b_m dchs sgd ateedq trhmf RPK)Oktr
dchshmf bnll_mcr- Sgd CDRBQHAD bnll_mc hr trdc sn fds hmenql_shnm nm _ s_akd+ uhdv+ etmb,
shnm+ nq oqnbdctqd- Ltkshokd RPK _mc RPK)Oktr bnll_mcr b_m ad rsnqdc hm _ kd _mc b_m ad
dwdbtsdc _r _ tmhs- Rtbg kdr _qd b_kkdc rbqhos kdr-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 20
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Jmnv QCALR Bnmbdosr- Qduhdv sgd QCALR bnmbdosr- Tmcdqrs_mc dmshshdr _mc qdk_shnmrghor-
Tmcdqrs_mc vg_s rsqtbstqdr l_jd Naidbs QCALR- Kd_qm gnv Nq_bkd hlokdldmsr sgd
naidbs qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rd l_m_fdldms rxrsdl-
Jmnv sgd snnkr- G_ud _m tmcdqrs_mchmf ne vg_s snnkr _qd _u_hk_akd enq c_s_a_rd l_m_fd,
ldms hm Nq_bkd _mc sgdhq otqonrdr-
Kd_qm sgd u_qhntr _qbghsdbstqdr Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 017 b_m hlokdldms- Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd b_m
ad hmrs_kkdc _r _ rhmfkd hmrs_mbd rhmfkd c_s_a_rd+ ltkshokd hmrs_mbd Q?B c_s_a_rd+ nq ltksh,
sdm_ms bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd-
Hcdmshex Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 017 bkntc ed_stqdr- Jmnv sgd ed_stqdr ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
sg_s l_jd bkntc hlokdldms_shnm d_rhdq-
21 Bg_osdq 0 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b QCALR
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Knnj _s sgd ch_fq_l- Vg_s jhmc ne qdk_shnmrgho dwhrsr adsvddm LNUHDR _mc
BG?Q?BSDQR>
LNUHDR >BSNQR
LNUHDZM@LD @BSNQZM@LD
) Q@SHMF ) RDW
QDKD@RDZC@SD CNA
OGNMD
BG>Q>BSNQR
LNUHDZM@LD
BG@Q@BSDQZM@LD
@BSNQZM@LD
1- Vgdm sgd ogxrhb_k lncdk hr adhmf cdrhfmdc eqnl sgd knfhb_k lncdk+ vghbg dkdldms l_x
ad _ssqhatsdc _r _ s_akd eqnl sgd DQ ch_fq_l>
?- Qdk_shnmrgho
A- ?ssqhatsd
B- Tmhptd hcdmshehdq
C- Dmshsx
4- Vghbg nmd ne sgd enkknvhmf Nq_bkd RPK)Oktr bnll_mc khmdr hr mns u_khc>
?- rpkoktr ;trdqmZld=
A- rpkoktr ?;bnmmdbs^rsqhmf=
B- rpkoktr ;trdqmZld=?;bnmmdbs^rsqhmf=
C- rpkoktr
5- Vghbg c_s_a_rd snnkr _qd o_qsr ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b> Bgnnrd svn-
?- Nq_bkd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq Bkntc Bnmsqnk 01b
A- Nq_bkd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr 01b
B- RPK Cdudknodq
C- SN?C ’Snnk enq Nq_bkd ?ookhb_shnm Cdudknodqr(
0/- Vghbg bnmmdbshnm ldsgnc sn sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd hr jmnvm _r sgd d_rx bnmmdbs>
?- ;trdqmZld=?;bnmmdbs^rsqhmf=
A- ;trdqmZld=?;gnrs=9;onqs=.;rdquhbd^mZld=
B- Ansg ? _mc A
C- Mdhsgdq ? nq A
AfTosdp Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
RPK Etmc_ldms_kr
RPK hr sgd rs_mc_qc k_mft_fd trdc sn ptdqx _mc lnchex c_s_ _r vdkk _r l_m_fd c_s_,
a_rdr- RPK hr sgd bnllnm k_mft_fd trdc ax oqnfq_lldqr+ c_s_a_rd _clhmhrsq_snqr+
_mc trdqr sn _bbdrr _mc l_mhotk_sd c_s_ _r vdkk _r sn _clhmhrsdq c_s_a_rdr- Sn fds
rs_qsdc vhsg RPK hm sghr bg_osdq+ vd vhkk trd sgd r_lokd GQ rbgdl_ rtookhdc vhsg Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b-
RPK rs_sdldmsr _qd khjd ok_hm Dmfkhrg ats vhsg rodbhb rxms_w- RPK hr _ rhlokd+ xds onv,
dqetk k_mft_fd trdc sn bqd_sd+ _bbdrr+ _mc l_mhotk_sd c_s_ _mc rsqtbstqdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
RPK rs_sdldmsr b_m ad b_sdfnqhydc _r khrsdc hm S_akd 1-0-
RPK Etmc_ldms_kr 26
C_s_ L_mhotk_shnm K_mft_fd ’CLK( Trdc sn _bbdrr+ hmrdqs+ lnchex+ nq cdkdsd c_s_ hm
sgd dwhrshmf rsqtbstqdr ne sgd c_s_a_rd- CLK rs_sd,
ldmsr hmbktcd sgnrd trdc sn ptdqx hmenql_shnm
’RDKDBS(+ _cc mdv qnvr ’HMRDQS(+ lnchex dwhrshmf
qnvr ’TOC SD(+ cdkdsd dwhrshmf qnvr ’CDKDSD(+ odqenql
_ bnmchshnm_k toc_sd nq hmrdqs nodq_shnm ’LDQFD(+ rdd
_m dwdbtshnm ok_m ne RPK ’DWOK HM OK M(+ _mc knbj
_ s_akd sn qdrsqhbs _bbdrr ’KNBJ S AKD(- Hmbktchmf sgd
RDKDBS rs_sdldms hm sgd CLK fqnto hr cda_s_akd
vhsghm sgd RPK bnlltmhsx+ adb_trd RDKDBS cndr
mns lnchex c_s_-
C_s_ Cdehmhshnm K_mft_fd ’CCK( Trdc sn cdehmd+ _ksdq+ nq cqno c_s_a_rd naidbsr _mc
sgdhq oqhuhkdfdr- CCK rs_sdldmsr hmbktcd sgnrd trdc
sn bqd_sd+ lnchex+ cqno+ nq qdm_ld naidbsr ’BQD SD+
KSDQ+ CQNO+ QDM LD(+ qdlnud _kk qnvr eqnl _ c_s_a_rd
naidbs vhsgnts cqnoohmf sgd rsqtbstqd ’SQTMB SD(+
l_m_fd _bbdrr oqhuhkdfdr ’FQ MS+ QDUNJD(+ _tchs
c_s_a_rd trd ’ TCHS+ MN TCHS(+ _mc _cc _ cdrbqhoshnm
_ants _m naidbs sn sgd chbshnm_qx ’BNLLDMS(-
S_akd 1-0 oqnuhcdr _m nudquhdv ne _kk sgd rs_sdldmsr sg_s vhkk ad bnudqdc hm sghr annj-
Cn mns vnqqx he xnt cn mns tmcdqrs_mc bdqs_hm sdqlr+ rtbg _r qnkd+ rdrrhnm+ oqhuhkdfd+ _mc
rn nm- Vd vhkk bnudq _kk sgd rs_sdldmsr hm sgd bnlhmf bg_osdqr _mc hmbktcd l_mx dw_lokdr-
Hm sghr bg_osdq+ vd vhkk adfhm ax vqhshmf rhlokd rs_sdldmsr sn ptdqx sgd c_s_a_rd ’RDKDBS
rs_sdldmsr(+ ats vd&kk fn nudq rnld etmc_ldms_kr qrs-
Sghr rdbshnm oqnuhcdc _m nudquhdv ne RPK)Oktr+ sgd snnk xnt vhkk ad trhmf sn dmsdq _mc
dwdbtsd RPK rs_sdldmsr hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- Hm sgd mdws rdbshnmr+ vd vhkk chrbtrr rnld
ne sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b RPK etmc_ldms_kr adenqd rgnvhmf xnt gnv sn vqhsd xntq qrs
RPK ptdqx ’_ RDKDBS rs_sdldms(-
Nq_bkd C_s_sxodr
Sgd a_rhb rsqtbstqd ne c_s_ rsnq_fd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hr _ s_akd- ? s_akd b_m ad bnm,
rhcdqdc _r _ roqd_crgdds vhsg bnktlmr _mc qnvr- C_s_ hr rsnqdc hm sgd s_akd _r qnvr- D_bg
bnktlm hm sgd s_akd g_r rsnq_fd bg_q_bsdqhrshbr rtbg _r sgd sxod ne c_s_ bnms_hmdc hm sgd
bnktlm- Nq_bkd g_r rdudq_k athks,hm c_s_sxodr sn rsnqd cheedqdms jhmcr ne c_s_- Hm sghr rdb,
shnm+ vd vhkk fn nudq sgd athks,hm c_s_sxodr _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- Bg_osdq 6+
'Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr+– hmbktcdr _ cds_hkdc chrbtrrhnm ne c_s_sxodr _mc gnv sn
bqd_sd _mc l_hms_hm s_akdr-
Vgdm xnt bqd_sd _ s_akd sn rsnqd c_s_ hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ xnt mddc sn rodbhex _ c_s_sxod
enq _kk sgd bnktlmr xnt cdmd hm sg_s s_akd- Nq_bkd g_r l_mx c_s_sxodr sn rths _ookhb_shnm
qdpthqdldmsr- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _krn rtoonqsr ?MRH _mc CA1 c_s_sxodr- Sgd Nq_bkd
athks,hm c_s_sxodr b_m ad aqn_ckx bk_rrhdc _r rgnvm hm S_akd 1-1-
B_sdfnqx C_s_sxodr
Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ vd vhkk chrbtrr nmkx _ edv ne sgd athks,hm c_s_sxodr sn fds xnt
rs_qsdc vhsg RPK- Vd chrbtrr _kk sgd c_s_sxodr _mc sgdhq tr_fd hm cds_hk hm Bg_osdq 6-
3 Bg_osdq 1 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
Nq_bkd vhkk qntmc mtladqr hmrdqsdc hmsn mtldqhb bnktlmr vhsg _ rb_kd rl_kkdq sg_m sgd
hmrdqsdc mtladq- Enq dw_lokd+ he _ bnktlm vdqd cdmdc _r MTLADQ’3+1( _mc xnt rodbhdc
_ u_ktd ne 01-014 sn fn hmsn sg_s bnktlm+ sgd qdrtkshmf mtladq vntkc ad qntmcdc sn 01-02
adenqd hs v_r hmrdqsdc hmsn sgd bnktlm- He sgd u_ktd dwbddcr sgd oqdbhrhnm+ gnvdudq+ _m Nq_bkd
dqqnq hr qdstqmdc- Xnt b_mmns hmrdqs 012-0 hmsn _ bnktlm cdmdc _r MTLADQ’3+1(- Rodbhexhmf
sgd rb_kd _mc oqdbhrhnm cndr mns enqbd _kk hmrdqsdc u_ktdr sn ad _ wdc kdmfsg-
He sgd rb_kd hr mdf_shud+ sgd mtladq hr qntmcdc sn sgd kdes ne sgd cdbhl_k- A_rhb_kkx+ _ mdf_shud
rb_kd enqbdr ;r: mtladq ne ydqnr itrs sn sgd kdes ne sgd cdbhl_k-
He xnt rodbhex _ rb_kd sg_s hr fqd_sdq sg_m sgd oqdbhrhnm u_ktd+ sgd oqdbhrhnm cdmdr sgd
l_whltl mtladq ne chfhsr sn sgd qhfgs ne sgd cdbhl_k onhms _esdq sgd ydqnr- Enq dw_lokd+ he
_ bnktlm hr cdmdc _r MTLADQ’2+4(+ sgd q_mfd ne u_ktdr xnt b_m rsnqd hr eqnl “/-//888 sn
/-//888…sg_s hr+ hs qdpthqdr svn ydqnr ’;r:,;o:( _esdq sgd cdbhl_k onhms _mc qntmcr sgd cdbh,
l_k o_qs sn sgqdd chfhsr ’;o:( _esdq ydqnr- S_akd 1-2 rgnvr rdudq_k dw_lokdr ne gnv mtldqhb
c_s_ hr rsnqdc vhsg u_qhntr cdmhshnmr-
012-1453 MTLADQ 012-1453 Sgd q_mfd _mc oqdbhrhnm _qd rds sn sgd l_w,
hltl+ rn sgd c_s_sxod b_m rsnqd _mx u_ktd-
01234-01234 MTLADQ’5+1( Dqqnq Sgd q_mfd ne sgd hmsdfdq o_qs hr nmkx eqnl
fl8888 sn 8888-
01234-234 MTLADQ’4+,1( 012// Sgd mdf_shud rb_kd qntmcr sgd mtladq ;r=
chfhsr kdes sn sgd cdbhl_k onhms- fl1 qntmcr
sn gtmcqdcr-
01234567 MTLADQ’4+,1( Dqqnq Ntsrhcd sgd q_mfd: b_m g_ud nmkx ehud chf,
hsr+ dwbktchmf sgd svn ydqnr qdoqdrdmshmf
gtmcqdcr+ enq _ sns_k ne rdudm chfhsr9
’r fl ’flo( < r * o < 4 * 1 < 6(-
RPK Etmc_ldms_kr 30
012345678/ MTLADQ’4+,3( Dqqnq Ntsrhcd sgd q_mfd: b_m g_ud nmkx ehud chf,
hsr+ dwbktchmf sgd entq sq_hkhmf ydqnr-
/-/8888 MTLADQ’3+4( /-/8888 Rsnqdc _r hs hr: nmkx entq chfhsr _esdq sgd
cdbhl_k onhms _mc ydqn-
/-/88885 MTLADQ’3+4( Dqqnq Qntmchmf sghr u_ktd sn entq chfhsr _esdq sgd
cdbhl_k _mc ydqn qdrtksr hm /-0+ vghbg hr
ntsrhcd sgd q_mfd-
C?SD
Sgd C>SD c_s_sxod hr trdc sn rsnqd c_sd _mc shld hmenql_shnm- Sghr c_s_sxod b_m ad bnm,
udqsdc sn nsgdq enqlr enq uhdvhmf+ ats hs g_r _ mtladq ne rodbh_k etmbshnmr _mc oqnodqshdr
sg_s l_jd c_sd l_mhotk_shnm _mc b_kbtk_shnmr rhlokd- Sgd shld bnlonmdms ne sgd C?SD
c_s_sxod g_r _ qdrnktshnm ne nmd rdbnmc…mn kdrr- Sgd C?SD c_s_sxod nbbtohdr _ rsnq_fd
ro_bd ne 6 axsdr- Sgd enkknvhmf hmenql_shnm hr bnms_hmdc vhsghm d_bg C?SD c_s_sxod9
Bdmstqx
Xd_q
Lnmsg
C_x
Gntq
Lhmtsd
Rdbnmc
C?SD c_s_sxod cndr mns g_ud eq_bshnm_k rdbnmcr nq shld ynmd- C_sd u_ktdr _qd hmrdqsdc
nq toc_sdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd ax bnmudqshmf dhsgdq _ mtldqhb u_ktd nq _ bg_q_bsdq u_ktd hmsn _
C?SD c_s_sxod trhmf sgd etmbshnm SN^C SD- Nq_bkd cde_tksr sgd enql_s sn chrok_x sgd c_sd
_r CC,LNM,XX ’sgd enql_s hr cdsdqlhmdc ax o_q_ldsdq MKR^C SD^ENQL S(- Sghr enql_s
rgnvr sg_s sgd cde_tks c_sd ltrs adfhm vhsg _ svn,chfhs c_x+ enkknvdc ax _ sgqdd,bg_q_bsdq
_aaqduh_shnm enq sgd lnmsg+ enkknvdc ax _ svn,chfhs xd_q- He xnt rodbhex sgd c_sd vhsgnts
31 Bg_osdq 1 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
SHLDRS?LO Z:oqdbhrhnm=[
Sgd SHLDRS>LO c_s_sxod rsnqdr c_sd _mc shld hmenql_shnm vhsg eq_bshnm_k oqdbhrhnm enq
rdbnmcr- Sgd nmkx cheedqdmbd adsvddm sgd C?SD _mc SHLDRS?LO c_s_sxodr hr sgd _ahkhsx
sn rsnqd eq_bshnm_k rdbnmcr to sn _ oqdbhrhnm ne mhmd chfhsr- Sgd cde_tks oqdbhrhnm hr 5 _mc
b_m q_mfd eqnl / sn 8- Rhlhk_q sn sgd RXRC SD etmbshnm+ sgd RXRSHLDRS LO etmbshnm qdstqmr
sgd btqqdms rxrsdl c_sd _mc shld+ vhsg eq_bshnm_k oqdbhrhnm enq rdbnmcr-
?qhsgldshb Nodq_snqr
>qhsgldshb nodq_snqr nodq_sd nm mtldqhb u_ktdr- S_akd 1-3 rgnvr sgd u_qhntr _qhsgldshb
nodq_snqr hm Nq_bkd _mc gnv sn trd sgdl-
S? A K D – 1 - 3 ?qhsgldshb Nodq_snqr
C_sdshld
Hmsdqu_k
Xnt b_m trd khsdq_kr vhsghm l_mx ne sgd RPK etmbshnmr+ dwoqdrrhnmr+ _mc bnmchshnmr-
Sdws Khsdq_kr
? sdws khsdq_k ltrs ad dmbknrdc hm rhmfkd ptns_shnm l_qjr- ?mx bg_q_bsdq adsvddm sgd ptns_shnm
l_qjr hr bnmrhcdqdc o_qs ne sgd sdws u_ktd- Nq_bkd sqd_sr _kk sdws khsdq_kr _r sgntfg sgdx vdqd
BG?Q c_s_sxodr enq bnlo_qhrnm ’ak_mj o_ccdc(- Sgd l_whltl kdmfsg ne _ sdws khsdq_k hr
3+/// axsdr he sgd c_s_a_rd o_q_ldsdq L W^RSQHMF^RHYD hr RS MC QC- Rhmfkd ptns_shnm l_qjr
b_m ad hmbktcdc hm sgd khsdq_k sdws u_ktd ax oqdbdchmf hs vhsg _mnsgdq rhmfkd ptns_shnm l_qj-
Gdqd _qd rnld dw_lokdr ne sdws khsdq_kr9
£Sgd Pthbj Aqnvm Enw£
£SgZs lZm££r rths hr akZbj£
£ mc H ptnsd9 !Sghr vhkk mdudq cn-! £
£01,RDO,1/00£
?ksdqm_shudkx+ xnt b_m trd P nq p ptnshmf+ vghbg oqnuhcdr _ q_mfd ne cdkhlhsdqr- Sgd rxm,
s_w enq trhmf sgd P.p ptnshmf vhsg _ ptnsd,cdkhlhsdq sdws khsdq_k hr _r enkknvr9
;ptnsdZcdkhlhsdq= hr _mx bg_q_bsdq dwbdos _ ro_bd+ s_a+ nq b_qqh_fd qdstqm- Sgd ptnsd
cdkhlhsdq b_m ad _ rhmfkd ptns_shnm l_qj+ ats l_jd rtqd hmrhcd sgd sdws khsdq_k _ rhmfkd ptn,
s_shnm l_qj hr mns hlldch_sdkx enkknvdc ax _mnsgdq rhmfkd ptns_shnm l_qj- He sgd nodmhmf
ptnsd cdkhlhsdq hr @ nq _ nq ; nq &+ sgdm sgd bknrhmf ptnsd ltrs ad sgd bnqqdronmchmf \ nq |
nq = nq (- Enq _kk nsgdq ptnsd cdkhlhsdqr+ sgd nodmhmf ptnsd cdkhlhsdq ltrs ad sgd r_ld _r
sgd bknrhmf ptnsd cdkhlhsdq- Gdqd _qd rnld dw_lokdr ne sdws khsdq_kr trhmf sgd _ksdqm_shud
ptnshmf ldbg_mhrl9
p£;Sgd Pthbj Aqnvm Enw=£
P£"Sgd Pthbj Aqnvm Enw"£
p£_SgZs lZm£r rths hr akZbj|£
P£& mc H ptnsd9 !Sghr vhkk mdudq cn-! (£
P£! mc H ptnsd9 !Sghr vhkk mdudq cn-! !£
p£@01,RDO,1//0\£
Mtldqhb Khsdq_kr
Hmsdfdq khsdq_kr b_m ad _mx mtladq ne mtldq_kr+ dwbktchmf _ cdbhl_k rdo_q_snq _mc to sn
27 chfhsr knmf- Gdqd _qd svn dw_lokdr9
13
“345
RPK Etmc_ldms_kr 34
Mtladq khsdq_kr _mc –n_shmf,onhms khsdq_kr b_m hmbktcd rbhdmshb mns_shnm+ _r vdkk _r
chfhsr _mc sgd cdbhl_k rdo_q_snq- D nq d qdoqdrdmsr _ mtladq hm rbhdmshb mns_shnm: sgd
dwonmdms b_m ad hm sgd q_mfd ne “02/ sn 014- He sgd khsdq_k hr enkknvdc ax _m E nq e+ hs hr
sqd_sdc _r _ AHM QX^EKN S c_s_sxod- He sgd khsdq_k hr enkknvdc ax _ C nq c+ hs hr sqd_sdc _r _
AHM QX^CNTAKD c_s_sxod- Gdqd _qd rnld dw_lokdr9
13-/
“234-54
12D,0/
0-4e
“23-456C
“3c
“3-/D*/
C_sdshld Khsdq_kr
Xnt b_m rodbhex _ c_sd u_ktd _r _ rsqhmf khsdq_k trhmf sgd c_sdshld khsdq_kr- Sgd lnrs bnl,
lnm ldsgncr sn qdoqdrdms sgd c_sdshld u_ktdr _qd sn trd sgd bnmudqrhnm etmbshnm SN^C SD
nq SN^SHLDRS LO vhsg sgd _ooqnoqh_sd enql_s l_rj- Sn bnlokdsd sghr chrbtrrhnm ne khsdq_kr+
vd vhkk chrbtrr sgd c_sdshld khsdq_kr aqhdx-
Sgd C SD khsdq_k trdr sgd jdxvnqc C SD enkknvdc ax sgd c_sd u_ktd hm rhmfkd ptnsdr+ _mc sgd
u_ktd ltrs ad rodbhdc hm XXXX,LL,CC enql_s vhsg mn shld bnlonmdms- Sgd shld bnlonmdms
vhkk ad cde_tksdc sn lhcmhfgs ’//9//9//(- Sgd enkknvhmf _qd dw_lokdr ne sgd C SD khsdq_k9
C SD £1//7,/2,13£
C SD £0888,01,20£
Rhlhk_q sn sgd SHLDRS?LO c_s_sxod+ sgd SHLDRS LO khsdq_k b_m ad trdc sn rodbhex sgd
xd_q+ lnmsg+ c_sd+ gntq+ lhmtsd+ rdbnmc+ _mc eq_bshnm_k rdbnmc- Xnt b_m _krn hmbktcd shld,
ynmd c_s_ _knmf vhsg sgd SHLDRS LO khsdq_k- Sgd shld ynmd hmenql_shnm b_m ad rodbhdc
trhmf sgd TSB neerds nq trhmf sgd shld,ynmd qdfhnm m_ld- Sgd khsdq_k ltrs ad hm sgd enql_s
XXXX,LL,CC GG139LH9RR SY-
Gdqd _qd rnld dw_lokdr ne sgd SHLDRS?LO khsdq_k9
Hmsdqu_k Khsdq_kr
Hmsdqu_k khsdq_kr rodbhex _ odqhnc ne shld hm sdqlr ne xd_qr _mc lnmsgr nq hm sdqlr ne c_xr
_mc rdbnmcr- Sgdrd khsdq_kr bnqqdronmc sn sgd Nq_bkd c_s_sxodr HMSDQU?K XD?Q SN
LNMSG _mc HMSDQU?K C?X SN RDBNMC- Vd&kk chrbtrr sgdrd c_s_sxodr hm lnqd
cds_hk hm Bg_osdq 6-
35 Bg_osdq 1 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
RDKDBS bnktlm^khrs
EQNL sZakd
VGDQD ehksdqhmf^bnmchshnmr
NQCDQ AX bnktlm^khrs
NEERDS m^qnvr
EDSBG qnv^khlhshmf^bnmchshnmr
Sgd RDKDBS bk_trd khrsr sgd bnktlmr eqnl sgd s_akd xnt _qd hmsdqdrsdc hm qd_chmf- Sgd EQNL
bk_trd hcdmshdr sgd s_akd m_ld- Sgd RDKDBS _mc EQNL bk_trdr _qd l_mc_snqx+ _mc sgd qdrs ne
sgd bk_trdr _qd noshnm_k- Sgd EDSBG bk_trd hr trdc sn khlhs qnvr: sgd NEERDS bk_trd hr trdc sn
rjho qnvr: sgd VGDQD bk_trd hr trdc enq ksdqhmf: _mc sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd hr enq rnqshmf- Vd
vhkk chrbtrr _kk ne sgdrd bk_trdr hm cds_hk hm sgd bnlhmf rdbshnmr ne sghr bg_osdq-
Kds&r trd sgd INAR s_akd cdmdc hm sgd GQ rbgdl_ ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- Xnt b_m trd
sgd RPK)Oktr snnk sn bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd _r chrbtrrdc d_qkhdq hm sgd bg_osdq- Sgd INAR
s_akd cdmhshnm hr oqnuhcdc hm S_akd 1-5-
INA^HC U?QBG?Q1 0/
INA^SHSKD U?QBG?Q1 24
37 Bg_osdq 1 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
08 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
Mnshbd sg_s sgd mtldqhb bnktlm ’LHM^R K QX( hr _khfmdc sn sgd qhfgs+ _mc sgd bg_q_bsdq
bnktlm ’INA^SHSKD( hr _khfmdc sn sgd kdes- He xnt v_ms sgd bnktlm gd_chmf LHM^R K QX sn
ad lnqd ld_mhmfetk+ xnt b_m oqnuhcd _ bnktlm _kh_r sn _ood_q hm sgd ptdqx qdrtksr-
Bnlo_qhrnm Nodq_snqr
Bnlo_qhrnm nodq_snqr bnlo_qd svn u_ktdr nq dwoqdrrhnmr _mc fhud _ Annkd_m qdrtks
ne SQTD+ E KRD+ nq MTKK- Sgd bnlo_qhrnm nodq_snqr hmbktcd sgnrd sg_s sdrs enq dpt_khsx+
hmdpt_khsx+ kdrr sg_m+ fqd_sdq sg_m+ _mc u_ktd bnlo_qhrnmr-
< ’Dpt_khsx(
Sgd < nodq_snq sdrsr enq dpt_khsx- Sgd sdrs du_kt_sdr sn SQTD he sgd u_ktdr nq qdrtksr ne _m
dwoqdrrhnm nm ansg rhcdr ne sgd nodq_snq _qd dpt_k- Sgd enkknvhmf rgnvr _m dw_lokd ne mc,
hmf _kk sgd dloknxddr adknmfhmf sn cdo_qsldms 8/…sg_s hr+ sgd cdo_qsldms HC hr dpt_k sn 8/9
MZld BNLLHRRHNM^OBS
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ingm Qtrrdkk -3
JZqdm OZqsmdqr -2
kadqsn DqqZytqhy -2
FdqZkc BZlaqZtks -2
– – – – – –
IZbj Khuhmfrsnm -1
Jhladqdkx FqZms -04
BgZqkdr Ingmrnm -0
21 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
Vqhshmf Rhlokd Ptdqhdr 42
: ’Kdrr Sg_m(
Sgd ; nodq_snq du_kt_sdr sn SQTD he sgd kdes rhcd ’dwoqdrrhnm nq u_ktd( ne sgd nodq_snq hr kdrr
sg_m sgd qhfgs rhcd ne sgd nodq_snq- Sgd enkknvhmf rgnvr _m dw_lokd ne dloknxddr vhsg _
bnllhrrhnm odqbdms kdrr sg_m 049
MZld BNLLHRRHNM^OBS
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
LZssdZ LZquhmr -0
CZuhc Kdd -0
RtmcZq mcd -0
lhs AZmcZ -0
RtmchsZ JtlZq -0
BgZqkdr Ingmrnm -0
5 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
= ’Fqd_sdq Sg_m(
Sgd = nodq_snq du_kt_sdr sn SQTD he sgd kdes rhcd ’dwoqdrrhnm nq u_ktd( ne sgd nodq_snq hr
fqd_sdq sg_m sgd qhfgs rhcd ne sgd nodq_snq- Sgd enkknvhmf rgnvr _m dw_lokd ne dloknxddr
vhsg _ bnllhrrhnm odqbdms nudq 249
MZld BNLLHRRHNM^OBS
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ingm Qtrrdkk -3
MZld BNLLHRRHNM^OBS
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Nkhudq StuZtks -04
CZmhdkkd Fqddmd -04
LZssdZ LZquhmr -0
CZuhc Kdd -0
RtmcZq mcd -0
lhs AZmcZ -0
VhkkhZl Rlhsg -04
DkhyZadsg AZsdr -04
RtmchsZ JtlZq -0
Jhladqdkx FqZms -04
BgZqkdr Ingmrnm -0
00 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
MZld BNLLHRRHNM^OBS
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ingm Qtrrdkk -3
IZmdssd Jhmf -24
OZsqhbj Rtkkx -24
kkZm LbDvdm -24
?MX nq RNLD
Xnt b_m trd sgd MX nq RNLD ’ansg _qd sgd r_ld _mc b_m ad trdc hmsdqbg_mfd_akx( nodq_snq
sn bnlo_qd _ u_ktd sn d_bg u_ktd hm _ khrs nq rtaptdqx- Sgd MX _mc RNLD nodq_snqr _kv_xr
ltrs ad oqdbdcdc ax nmd ne sgd enkknvhmf bnlo_qhrnm nodq_snqr9 <+ z<+ ;+ =+ ;<+ nq =<-
Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf RPK vhsg MX nodq_snq9
?KK
Xnt b_m trd sgd KK nodq_snq sn bnlo_qd _ u_ktd sn dudqx u_ktd hm _ khrs nq rtaptdqx- Sgd
KK nodq_snq ltrs _kv_xr ad oqdbdcdc ax nmd ne sgd enkknvhmf bnlo_qhrnm nodq_snqr9 <+ z<+
;+ =+ ;<+ nq =<- Sgd enkknvhmf rgnvr _m dw_lokd ne trhmf sgd KK nodq_snq9
7 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
Vqhshmf Rhlokd Ptdqhdr 46
LhbgZdk 1/
OZs 1/
?MC
Sgd MC nodq_snq du_kt_sdr sn SQTD he ansg nodq_mcr _qd SQTD- Hs du_kt_sdr sn E KRD he dhsgdq
nodq_mc hr E KRD- Nsgdqvhrd+ hs qdstqmr MTKK- Sgd enkknvhmf rgnvr _m dw_lokd ne dloknxddr
vhsg sgd k_rs m_ld Rlhsg _mc _ r_k_qx nudq #6+4//- Ansg bnmchshnmr ltrs du_kt_sd sn SQTD9
EHQRS^M LD R K QX
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
Khmcrdx 7///
NQ
Sgd NQ nodq_snq du_kt_sdr sn SQTD he dhsgdq nodq_mc hr SQTD- Hs du_kt_sdr sn E KRD he ansg
nodq_mcr _qd E KRD- Nsgdqvhrd+ hs qdstqmr MTKK- Sgd enkknvhmf rgnvr _m dw_lokd ne
dloknxddr vgnrd k_rs m_ld hr Rlhsg nq vgnrd qrs m_ld hr Jdkkx- Dhsgdq nmd bnmchshnm
ltrs du_kt_sd sn SQTD9
EHQRS^M LD K RS^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Jdkkx Bgtmf
Khmcrdx Rlhsg
VhkkhZl Rlhsg
S? A K D – 1 - 6 MC Sqtsg S_akd
S? A K D – 1 - 7 NQ Sqtsg S_akd
MNS
SQTD E KRD
E?KRD SQTD
TMJMNVM TMJMNVM
Nsgdq Nodq_snqr
Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ vd vhkk chrbtrr sgd nodq_snqr sg_s b_m ad trdc hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd
ne sgd RPK rs_sdldms sg_s vdqd mns chrbtrrdc d_qkhdq-
HM _mc MNS HM
Xnt b_m trd sgd HM _mc MNS HM nodq_snqr sn sdrs _ ldladqrgho bnmchshnm- HM hr dpthu_kdms
sn sgd < MX nodq_snq+ vghbg du_kt_sdr sn SQTD he sgd u_ktd dwhrsr hm sgd khrs nq sgd qdrtks rds
Vqhshmf Rhlokd Ptdqhdr 50
RPK=
RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ cdoZqsldms^hc
EQNL dloknxddr
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc < MTKK:
Mn qnvr rdkdbsdc-
KHJD
Trhmf sgd KHJD nodq_snq+ xnt b_m odqenql o_ssdqm l_sbghmf- Sgd o_ssdqm,rd_qbg bg_q_bsdq $ hr
trdc sn l_sbg _mx bg_q_bsdq _mc _mx mtladq ne bg_q_bsdqr- Sgd o_ssdqm,rd_qbg bg_q_bsdq ^
hr trdc sn l_sbg _mx rhmfkd bg_q_bsdq- He xnt _qd knnjhmf enq sgd _bst_k bg_q_bsdq $ nq ^ hm sgd
o_ssdqm rd_qbg+ xnt b_m hmbktcd _m drb_od bg_q_bsdq hm sgd rd_qbg rsqhmf _mc mnshex Nq_bkd
trhmf sgd DRB OD bk_trd-
Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx rd_qbgdr enq _kk dloknxddr vgnrd qrs m_ld adfhmr vhsg Rt _mc
vgnrd k_rs m_ld cndr mns adfhm vhsg R9
EHQRS^M LD K RS^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
RtmcZq mcd
RtmchsZ JtlZq
RtrZm LZuqhr
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd knnjr enq _kk INA^HC u_ktdr sg_s adfhm vhsg >BZ- Adb_trd ^ hr _
o_ssdqm,l_sbghmf bg_q_bsdq+ xnt ltrs pt_khex hs vhsg _m drb_od bg_q_bsdq- Nq_bkd cndr mns
g_ud _ cde_tks drb_od bg_q_bsdq-
INA^HC INA^SHSKD
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
B^LFQ bbntmshmf LZmZfdq
B^ BBNTMS Otakhb bbntmsZms
S? A K D – 1 -0 . O_ssdqm,L_sbghmf Dw_lokdr
Rnqshmf Qnvr
Sgd RDKDBS rs_sdldms l_x hmbktcd sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd sn rnqs sgd qdrtkshmf qnvr hm _ rodbhb
nqcdq a_rdc nm sgd c_s_ hm sgd bnktlmr- Vhsgnts sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd+ sgdqd hr mn ft_q_msdd
sg_s sgd qnvr vhkk ad qdstqmdc hm _mx rodbhb nqcdq- He _m NQCDQ AX bk_trd hr rodbhdc+ ax
cde_tks sgd qnvr _qd qdstqmdc hm _rbdmchmf nqcdq ne sgd bnktlmr rodbhdc- He xnt mddc sn rnqs
sgd qnvr hm cdrbdmchmf nqcdq+ trd sgd jdxvnqc CDRB mdws sn sgd bnktlm m_ld- Xnt b_m rodb,
hex sgd jdxvnqc RB sn dwokhbhskx rs_sd sn rnqs hm _rbdmchmf nqcdq+ _ksgntfg hs hr sgd cde_tks-
Sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd enkknvr sgd EQNL bk_trd _mc sgd VGDQD bk_trd hm sgd RDKDBS rs_sdldms-
Sn qdsqhdud _kk dloknxdd m_ldr ne cdo_qsldms 8/ eqnl sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd nqcdqdc ax
k_rs m_ld+ trd sghr ptdqx9
Dloknxdd MZld
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Kdw Cd GZZm
Rsdudm Jhmf
MddmZ JnbggZq
RPK=
Xnt b_m rodbhex lnqd sg_m nmd bnktlm hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd- Hm sghr b_rd+ sgd qdrtks
rds vhkk ad nqcdqdc ax sgd qrs bnktlm hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd+ sgdm sgd rdbnmc+ _mc rn nm-
Bnktlmr nq dwoqdrrhnmr mns trdc hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd b_m _krn ad trdc hm sgd NQCDQ AX
bk_trd- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd rgnvr gnv sn trd CDRB _mc ltkshokd bnktlmr hm sgd NQCDQ
AX bk_trd9
K RS^M LD BNLLHRRHNM^OBS
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Qtrrdkk -3
Qnfdqr
QZogZdkx
QZir
K RS^M LD BNLLHRRHNM^OBS
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Qnfdqr
QZogZdkx
QZir
Qtrrdkk -3
RPK=
Sgd onvdq ne _m QCALR _mc RPK khdr hm fdsshmf dw_bskx vg_s xnt v_ms eqnl sgd c_s_,
a_rd- Sgd r_lokd s_akdr xnt bnmrhcdqdc tmcdq sgd GQ rbgdl_ _qd rl_kk+ rn dudm he xnt
fds _kk sgd hmenql_shnm eqnl sgd s_akd+ xnt b_m rshkk “mc sgd rodbh“b c_s_ xntzqd rddjhmf-
Ats vg_s he xnt g_ud _ gtfd sq_mr_bshnm s_akd vhsg lhkkhnmr ne qnvr>
Xnt jmnv gnv d_rx hs hr sn knnj sgqntfg _ b_s_knf hm sgd khaq_qx sn “mc _ o_qshbtk_q annj nq
sn rd_qbg sgqntfg _m _kog_adshb_k khrshmf sn “mc xntq m_ld- Vgdm ptdqxhmf _ k_qfd s_akd+
l_jd rtqd xnt jmnv vg_s xnt v_ms-
Sgd VGDQD bk_trd kdsr xnt ptdqx enq dw_bskx vg_s xnt%qd rddjhmf- Sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd
kdsr xnt rnqs qnvr- Sgd enkknvhmf rsdor b_m ad trdc _r _m _ooqn_bg sn ptdqx c_s_ eqnl _
rhmfkd s_akd9
0- Jmnv sgd bnktlmr ne sgd s_akd- Xnt b_m hrrtd sgd CDRBQHAD bnll_mc sn fds sgd
bnktlm m_ldr _mc c_s_sxod- Tmcdqrs_mc vghbg bnktlm g_r vg_s hmenql_shnm-
1- Ohbj sgd bnktlm m_ldr xnt _qd hmsdqdrsdc hm hmbktchmf hm sgd ptdqx- Trd sgdrd bnktlmr
hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd-
55 Bg_osdq 1 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
2- Hcdmshex sgd bnktlm nq bnktlmr vgdqd xnt b_m khlhs sgd qnvr+ nq sgd bnktlmr sg_s
b_m rgnv xnt nmkx sgd qnvr ne hmsdqdrs- Trd sgdrd bnktlmr hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd ne
sgd ptdqx+ _mc rtookx sgd u_ktdr _r vdkk _r sgd _ooqnoqh_sd nodq_snq-
3- He sgd ptdqx qdstqmr lnqd sg_m _ edv qnvr+ xnt l_x ad hmsdqdrsdc hm g_uhmf sgdl
rnqsdc hm _ o_qshbtk_q nqcdq- Rodbhex sgd bnktlm m_ldr _mc sgd rnqshmf nqcdq hm sgd
NQCDQ AX bk_trd ne sgd ptdqx-
Kds%r bnmrhcdq _ s_akd m_ldc OTQBG RD^NQCDQR- Ehqrs+ trd sgd CDRBQHAD bnll_mc sn khrs
sgd bnktlmr9
Sgd naidbshud ne sgd ptdqx hr sn “mc sgd bnlokdsdc nqcdqr sg_s cn mns g_ud _mx r_kdr s_w-
Xnt v_ms sn rdd sgd nqcdq mtladq _mc sns_k _lntms ne sgd nqcdq- Sgd bnqqdronmchmf bnk,
tlmr sg_s _ood_q hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd _qd NQCDQ" _mc SNS K^ LS- Adb_trd xnt%qd hmsdq,
drsdc hm nmkx sgd qnvr vhsg mn r_kdr s_w hm sgd bnlokdsdc nqcdqr+ sgd bnktlmr sn _ood_q hm
sgd VGDQD bk_trd _qd R KDR^S W ’bgdbjhmf enq ydqn r_kdr s_w( _mc NQC^RS STR ’bgdbjhmf enq
sgd bnlokdsdmdrr ne sgd nqcdq+ vghbg hr rs_str bncd B(- Adb_trd sgd ptdqx qdstqmr ltkshokd
qnvr+ xnt v_ms sn nqcdq sgdl ax sgd nqcdq mtladq- Mnshbd sg_s sgd R KDR^S W bnktlm b_m
ad MTKK+ rn xnt v_ms sn l_jd rtqd xnt fds _kk qnvr sg_s g_ud _ r_kdr s_w _lntms ne ydqn
nq MTKK-
?m _ksdqm_shud hr sn trd sgd MUK etmbshnm sn cd_k vhsg sgd MTKK u_ktdr- Sghr etmbshnm hr chr,
btrrdc hm Bg_osdq 2-
Vqhshmf Rhlokd Ptdqhdr 56
Khlhshmf Qnvr
Sgd qnv,khlhshmf bk_trd hm sgd RDKDBS rs_sdldms enkknvr sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd+ he trdc- Trd
sgd NEERDS _mc EDSBG bk_trdr sn khlhs sgd mtladq ne qnvr qdsqhdudc ax rodbhexhmf _ bdqs_hm
mtladq ne qnvr nq bdqs_hm odqbdms ne qnvr sn ad qdsqhdudc- Sgd VGDQD bk_trd _mc EDSBG
bk_trd _qd trdc sn qdrsqhbs sgd _lntms ne qnvr qdstqmdc hm sgd ptdqx- VGDQD hr trdc enq ksdq,
hmf sgd qnvr: EDSBG hr trdc enq khlhshmf sgd qnvr-
Sgd NEERDS bk_trd hr noshnm_k _mc trdc sn rjho _ rodbhdc mtladq ne qnvr adenqd sgd
qdsqhdu_k adfhmr- He sgd neerds hr ghfgdq sg_m sgd mtladq ne qnvr qdsqhdudc nq hr MTKK+ mn qnvr
_qd qdstqmdc- Sgd QNV _mc QNVR jdxvnqcr _qd noshnm_k _mc trdc nmkx enq qd_c_ahkhsx- Xnt
mddc mns oqnuhcd sgd QNV nq QNVR jdxvnqc vgdm trhmf sgd EDSBG _mc NEERDS bk_trdr-
Sgd EDSBG bk_trd b_m rodbhex sgd mtladq ne qnvr sn qdstqm nq _ odqbdms_fd ne qnvr sn
qdstqm- Sgd EHQRS _mc MDWS jdxvnqcr b_m ad trdc hmsdqbg_mfd_akx _mc _qd enq rdl_mshb
bk_qhsx nmkx- Dhsgdq nmd ltrs ad trdc-
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokdr bk_qhex sgd trd ne sgd qnv,khlhshmf bk_trdr hm RDKDBS- Ehqrs+ rgnv
sgd sno ud r_k_qx,d_qmdc dloknxddr9
He sgdqd hr _ shd hm sgd k_rs qnv+ trhmf sgd VHSG SHDR bk_trd hmrsd_c ne sgd NMKX bk_trd
vhkk qdsqhdud _kk qnvr vhsg shdr- Sgd NMKX nq VHSG SHDR jdxvnqc ltrs _kv_xr ad trdc vhsg
sgd EDSBG bk_trd- Hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd+ sgd sno svn r_k_qhdc dloknxddr _qd ptdqhdc-
Adb_trd sgdqd hr _ shd enq sgd rdbnmc onrhshnm+ _kk shdc qdbnqcr _qd qdsqhdudc9
Sgd NEERDS bk_trd hr trdc sn rjho qnvr adenqd sgd khlhshmf adfhmr- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd
rgnvr sgd sghqc sgqntfg esg onrhshnm hm r_k_qx9
Sgdqd _qd 0/6 qnvr hm sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd: hmrsd_c ne mtladq ne qnvr+ xnt l_x khlhs
trhmf _ ODQBDMS- Sgd NMKX nq VHSG SHDR jdxvnqc hr _ ltrs vgdsgdq trhmf QNVR nq ODQBDMS
hm sgd EDSBG bk_trd- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd rgnvr trhmf ODQBDMS sn qdsqhdud 4 odqbdms qnvr
eqnl sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd9
EHQRS^M LD R K QX
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
Rsdudm 13///
MddmZ 06///
Kdw 06///
kdwZmcdq 8///
Aqtbd 5///
CZuhc 37//
sxod<!sho!
Trhmf sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd vhsg sgd EDSBG bk_trd hr mns l_mc_snqx ats hr ghfgkx qdbnl,
ldmcdc sn _bghdud _ bnmrhrsdms qdrtks rds-
Trhmf Dwoqdrrhnmr
?m dwoqdrrhnm hr _ bnlahm_shnm ne nmd nq lnqd u_ktdr+ nodq_snqr+ _mc RPK etmbshnmr sg_s
qdrtks hm _ u_ktd- Sgd qdrtks ne _m dwoqdrrhnm fdmdq_kkx _rrtldr sgd c_s_sxod ne hsr bnlonmdmsr-
6 Bg_osdq 1 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
Sgd nsgdq enql ne sgd B RD dwoqdrrhnm hr sgd rd_qbgdc B RD+ vgdqd sgd u_ktdr _qd
cdqhudc a_rdc nm _ bnmchshnm- Nq_bkd du_kt_sdr sgd bnmchshnmr sno sn anssnl: vgdm _
bnmchshnm du_kt_sdr sn sqtd+ sgd qdrs ne sgd VGDM bk_trdr _qd mns du_kt_sdc- Sghr udqrhnm
g_r sgd enkknvhmf rxms_w9
B RD
VGDM ;bnmchshnm= SGDM ;qdstqm uZktd= – – –
@DKRD ;qdstqm uZktd=\
DMC
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd b_sdfnqhydr sgd r_k_qx _r Knv+ Ldchtl+ _mc Ghfg trhmf _
rd_qbgdc B RD dwoqdrrhnm9
8 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
Vqhshmf Rhlokd Ptdqhdr 60
Nq_bkd trdr sgd _lodqr_mc ’%( bg_q_bsdq sn rtarshstsd u_ktdr _s qtmshld- Hm sgd mdws rdb,
shnm+ vd vhkk chrbtrr gnv sn bqd_sd RPK rs_sdldmsr sg_s b_m ad trdc sn fds _ cheedqdms rds ne
qdrtksr a_rdc nm u_ktdr o_rrdc ctqhmf dwdbtshnm shld-
?r _ CA?+ xnt l_x g_ud sn ptdqx sgd U#RDRRHNM chbshnm_qx uhdv sn “mc sgd btqqdms rdrrhnmr
hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sghr uhdv g_r rdudq_k bnktlmr sg_s oqnuhcd hmenql_shnm _ants sgd rdrrhnm:
nesdm sgd CA? hr hmsdqdrsdc hm “mchmf nts sgd trdqm_ld _mc vghbg oqnfq_l hr bnmmdbshmf sn
sgd c_s_a_rd- He sgd CA? v_msr sn “mc nts vg_s RPK hr dwdbtsdc hm sgd rdrrhnm+ sgd RHC _mc
RDQH K" bnktlmr b_m ad ptdqhdc sn dm_akd sq_bhmf trhmf sgd CALR^SQ BD o_bj_fd-
Sghr dw_lokd vhkk qduhdv gnv sn ptdqx sgd U#RDRRHNM uhdv trhmf sgd rhlokd RPK
rs_sdldmsr xnt kd_qmdc hm sghr bg_osdq-
Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx l_x qdstqm rdudq_k qnvr cdodmchmf nm sgd _bshuhsx _mc mtladq ne
trdqr bnmmdbsdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd9
He xnt%qd trhmf RPK)Oktr+ xnt l_x g_ud sn _citrs sgd bnktlm vhcsg sn “s sgd ntsots hm
nmd khmd9
?r xnt b_m rdd+ sgd a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr cn mns g_ud trdqm_ldr- Sn “mc nts nmkx sgd
trdq rdrrhnmr hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ xnt b_m “ksdq nts sgd qnvr sg_s cn mns g_ud u_khc trdqm_ldr9
He xnt%qd knnjhmf enq rodbh“b hmenql_shnm+ xnt l_x v_ms sn _cc lnqd “ksdq bnmchshnmr rtbg
_r knnjhmf enq _ rodbh“b trdq nq _ rodbh“b oqnfq_l- Sgd enkknvhmf RPK bncd qdstqmr sgd
qnvr hm nqcdq ne sgdhq rdrrhnm knfhm shld+ vhsg sgd lnrs qdbdms rdrrhnm nm sgd sno9
RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^mZld
EQNL cdoZqsldmsr
63 Bg_osdq 1 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
RPK= cdehmd
CDEHMD ^C SD < !02,ITK,02! &BG Q(
CDEHMD ^BNMMDBS^HCDMSHEHDQ < !n01b/0! &BG Q(
CDEHMD ^TRDQ < !GQ! &BG Q(
CDEHMD ^OQHUHKDFD < !! &BG Q(
CDEHMD ^RPKOKTR^QDKD RD < !01/0///0//! &BG Q(
CDEHMD ^DCHSNQ < !MnsdoZc! &BG Q(
CDEHMD ^N^UDQRHNM < !NqZbkd CZsZaZrd 01b Dmsdqoqhrd Dchshnm QdkdZrd 01-0-/-
0-/ , 53ahs Oqnctbshnm
Vhsg sgd OZqshshnmhmf+ NK O+ cuZmbdc mZkxshbr Zmc QdZk ookhbZshnm Sdrshmf nos
hnmr! &BG Q(
CDEHMD ^N^QDKD RD < !01/0///0//! &BG Q(
CDEHMD ^QB < !/! &BG Q(
CDEHMD CDOS < !1/! &BG Q(
RPK=
? cns ’-( hr trdc sn _oodmc bg_q_bsdqr hlldch_sdkx _esdq sgd rtarshstshnm u_qh_akd- Sgd
cns rdo_q_sdr sgd u_qh_akd m_ld _mc sgd khsdq_k sg_s enkknvr hlldch_sdkx- He xnt mddc _ cns
sn ad o_qs ne sgd khsdq_k+ oqnuhcd svn cnsr bnmshmtntrkx- Enq dw_lokd+ sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx
_oodmcr ^QDO sn sgd trdq hmots vgdm rddjhmf _ u_ktd eqnl sgd INAR s_akd9
INA^HC INA^SHSKD
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
LJ^QDO LZqjdshmf QdoqdrdmsZshud
0 qnv rdkdbsdc-
RPK=
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd rgnvr sgd trd ne _ cns _r o_qs ne sgd khsdq_k-
EHKD^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
B01CA0^Zpob^14174-sqb
Sgd nkc khmd vhsg sgd u_qh_akd _mc sgd mdv khmd vhsg sgd rtarshstshnm _qd chrok_xdc- Xnt
b_m stqm nee sghr chrok_x ax trhmf sgd bnll_mc RDS UDQHEX NEE-
EHQRS^M LD K RS^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,
Ingm Bgdm
Ingm Qtrrdkk
Ingm Rdn
2 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
RPK=
Sgd trdq b_m dmsdq cheedqdms nq vqnmf u_ktdr enq d_bg oqnlos- Sn _unhc ltkshokd oqnlosr+
trd _ cntakd _lodqr_mc ’%%(+ vgdqd sgd u_qh_akd hr r_udc enq sgd rdrrhnm-
Sn bkd_q _ cdmdc u_qh_akd+ xnt b_m trd sgd TMCDEHMD bnll_mc- Kds&r dchs sgd dw/0-rpk
kd sn l_jd hs knnj khjd sghr9
EHQRS^M LD K RS^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ingm Bgdm
Ingm Qtrrdkk
Ingm Rdn
0 qnv rdkdbsdc-
RPK=
He xnt r_ud sgd RPK _r _ rbqhos kd+ xnt b_m rtalhs sgd rtarshstshnm,u_qh_akd u_ktdr
vghkd hmunjhmf sgd rbqhos ’_r bnll_mc,khmd _qftldmsr(- D_bg shld xnt qtm sghr bnll_mc
kd+ RS QS qdok_bdr d_bg %0 hm sgd kd vhsg sgd qrs u_ktd ’b_kkdc _m _qftldms( _esdq RS QS
ehkdmZld+ sgdm qdok_bdr d_bg %1 vhsg sgd rdbnmc u_ktd+ _mc rn enqsg- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd
ne r_uhmf _mc qtmmhmf sgd oqduhntr ptdqx9
RPK= R UD dw/1
BqdZsdc ehkd dw/1-rpk
RPK= RDS UDQHEX NEE
RPK= ?dw/1 cdoZqsldms^hc 1/
0 qnv rdkdbsdc-
RPK=
?ksgntfg vd chc mns rodbhex svn _lodqr_mcr enq onrhshnm_k rtarshstshnm u_qh_akdr+
RPK)Oktr jddor sgd u_ktdr ne sgdrd u_qh_akdr enq sgd rdrrhnm ’adb_trd vd o_rrdc sgd u_ktdr
_r o_q_ldsdqr sn _ rbqhos kd(- Sgd mdws shld xnt qtm _mx rbqhos vhsg onrhshnm_k rtarshstshnm
u_qh_akdr+ Nq_bkd vhkk trd sgdrd u_ktdr sn dwdbtsd sgd rbqhos-
67 Bg_osdq 1 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
Rtll_qx
Sghr bg_osdq rs_qsdc nee ax qduhdvhmf sgd etmc_ldms_kr ne RPK- Xnt fns _ pthbj hmsqnctb,
shnm sn sgd Nq_bkd c_s_sxodr+ nodq_snqr+ _mc khsdq_kr- Xnt kd_qmdc sn vqhsd rhlokd ptdqhdr
trhmf sgd RDKDBS rs_sdldms- Xnt _krn kd_qmdc sn trd sgd VGDQD bk_trd _mc sgd NQCDQ AX
bk_trd hm sghr bg_osdq-
Sgd BG?Q _mc U?QBG?Q1 c_s_sxodr _qd trdc sn rsnqd _kog_mtldqhb hmenql_shnm-
Sgd MTLADQ c_s_sxod hr trdc sn rsnqd _mx mtldqhb u_ktd- C_sd u_ktdr b_m ad rsnqdc trhmf
sgd C?SD nq SHLDRS?LO c_s_sxodr- Nq_bkd g_r _ vhcd q_mfd ne nodq_snqr9 _qhsgldshb+
bnmb_sdm_shnm+ bnlo_qhrnm+ ldladqrgho+ knfhb_k+ o_ssdqm l_sbghmf+ q_mfd+ dwhrsdmbd+ _mc
MTKK bgdbjhmf- Sgd B RD dwoqdrrhnm hr trdc sn aqhmf bnmchshnm_k knfhb sn RPK-
C_s_ hm sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd hr l_m_fdc _mc _bbdrrdc trhmf RPK- ? RDKDBS rs_sdldms
hr sgd a_rhb enql ne ptdqxhmf nq qd_chmf qdbnqcr eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd s_akd- Xnt b_m khlhs sgd
qnvr trhmf sgd EDSBG bk_trd _mc ksdq sgd qnvr trhmf sgd VGDQD bk_trd- Xnt b_m trd sgd MC
_mc NQ knfhb_k nodq_snqr sn inhm ltkshokd ksdq bnmchshnmr- Sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd hr trdc sn rnqs
sgd qdrtks rds hm _ o_qshbtk_q nqcdq- Xnt b_m trd _m _lodqr_mc ’%( bg_q_bsdq sn rtarshstsd _
u_ktd _s qtmshld-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd nodq_snqr- Jmnv sgd u_qhntr nodq_snqr sg_s b_m ad trdc hm ptdqhdr- Sgd
o_qdmsgdrdr _qntmc _m dwoqdrrhnm bg_mfd sgd oqdbdcdmbd ne sgd nodq_snqr-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd VGDQD bk_trd- Sgd VGDQD bk_trd rodbhdr _ bnmchshnm ax vghbg sn ksdq sgd
qnvr qdstqmdc- Xnt b_mmns trd bnktlm _kh_r m_ldr hm sghr bk_trd-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd- Sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd hr trdc sn rnqs sgd qdrtks rds eqnl
_ ptdqx- Xnt b_m rodbhex _rbdmchmf nqcdq nq cdrbdmchmf nqcdq enq sgd rnqs- ?rbdmchmf nqcdq
hr sgd cde_tks- ?krn jmnv sg_s bnktlm _kh_r m_ldr b_m ad trdc hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd- Xnt
b_m _krn rodbhex bnktlmr ax sgdhq onrhshnm-
Jmnv gnv sn rodbhex rsqhmf khsdq_kr trhmf sgd P.p nodq_snq- Xnt b_m trd sgd P nq p nodq_snq
sn rodbhex sgd ptnsd cdkhlhsdqr hm rsqhmf khsdq_kr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm trhmf sgd
&+ ;+ _+ _mc @ bg_q_bsdqr _mc nsgdq cdkhlhsdqr-
Jmnv sgd nqcdq ne bk_trdr hm sgd RDKDBS rs_sdldms- Sgd RDKDBS rs_sdldms ltrs g_ud _
EQNL bk_trd- Sgd VGDQD bk_trd+ he hs dwhrsr+ rgntkc enkknv sgd EQNL bk_trd _mc oqdbdcd sgd
NQCDQ AX bk_trd- NEERDS _mc EDSBG bk_trdr rgntkc enkknv NQCDQ AX-
Jmnv sgd trd ne sgd CT K s_akd- Sgd CT K s_akd hr _ rodbh_k s_akd hm Nq_bkd vhsg nmd bnk,
tlm _mc nmd qnv- Sghr s_akd hr bnllnmkx trdc sn fds sgd u_ktdr ne rxrsdl u_qh_akdr rtbg
_r RXRC SD nq TRDQ-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 68
Jmnv sgd bg_q_bsdqr trdc enq o_ssdqm l_sbghmf- Sgd $ bg_q_bsdq hr trdc sn l_sbg ydqn nq
lnqd bg_q_bsdqr- Sgd ^ bg_q_bsdq hr trdc sn l_sbg nmd+ _mc nmkx nmd+ bg_q_bsdq- Sgd RPK
nodq_snq trdc vhsg _ o_ssdqm,l_sbghmf bg_q_bsdq hr KHJD-
Jmnv sgd rnqs nqcdq ne MTKK u_ktdr hm ptdqhdr vhsg _m NQCDQ AX bk_trd- Ax cde_tks+ hm _m
_rbdmchmf,nqcdq rnqs+ sgd MTKK u_ktdr _ood_q _s sgd anssnl ne sgd qdrtks rds…sg_s hr+ MTKKr
_qd rnqsdc ghfgdq- Enq cdrbdmchmf,nqcdq rnqsr+ MTKK u_ktdr _ood_q _s sgd sno ne sgd qdrtks
rds…_f_hm+ MTKK u_ktdr _qd rnqsdc ghfgdq-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd EDSBG bk_trd- Sgd EDSBG bk_trd rodbhdr _ u_ktd sn khlhs sgd mtladq nq
qnvr qdstqmdc- Sgd NEERDS bk_trd l_x ad trdc _knmf vhsg EDSBG sn rjho _ bdqs_hm mtladq
ne qnvr adenqd qdstqmhmf sgd qdrtks rds-
7 Bg_osdq 1 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Xnt hrrtd sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx9
DLOMN MTLADQ 3
DM LD U?QBG?Q1 2/
R K QX MTLADQ 03+1
2- Xnt hrrtd sgd enkknvhmf RDKDBS rs_sdldms nm sgd DLO s_akd rgnvm hm ptdrshnm 1-
Vg_s vhkk g_oodm sn sgd qdrtks he _kk sgd o_qdmsgdrdr _qd qdlnudc>
?- Mn cheedqdmbd+ adb_trd sgd _mrvdq vhkk _kv_xr ad MTKK-
A- Mn cheedqdmbd+ adb_trd sgd qdrtks vhkk ad sgd r_ld-
B- Sgd qdrtks vhkk ad ghfgdq-
C- Sgd qdrtks vhkk ad knvdq-
3- Hm sgd enkknvhmf RDKDBS rs_sdldms+ vghbg bnlonmdms hr _ khsdq_k> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
4- Vg_s vhkk g_oodm he xnt ptdqx sgd DLO s_akd rgnvm hm ptdrshnm 1 vhsg sgd enkknvhmf>
Vgdm xnt hrrtd sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx+ vghbg u_ktd vhkk ad chrok_xdc hm sgd ehqrs qnv>
RDKDBS dlomn
EQNL dlo
VGDQD cdosmn < 0/
NQCDQ AX dmZld CDRB:
?- LHKKDQ
A- 6823
B- 6765
C- Mn qnvr vhkk ad qdstqmdc adb_trd dmZld b_mmns ad trdc hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd-
7- Qdedq sn sgd khrshmf ne qdbnqcr hm sgd DLO s_akd hm ptdrshnm 8- Gnv l_mx qnvr vhkk sgd
enkknvhmf ptdqx qdstqm>
8- Qdedq sn sgd DLO s_akd hm ptdrshnm 1- Vgdm xnt hrrtd sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx+ vghbg khmd
g_r _m dqqnq>
?- 0
A- 4
B- 3
C- Mn dqqnq: sgd rs_sdldms vhkk ehmhrg rtbbdrretkkx-
Vghbg nsgdq nodq_snq b_m qdok_bd sgd NQ bnmchshnm hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd>
?- HM
A- ADSVDDM --- MC ---
B- KHJD
C- ;<
D- =<
73 Bg_osdq 1 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK
00- Vghbg rs_sdldms rd_qbgdr enq OQNCTBS^HC u_ktdr sg_s adfhm vhsg CH^ eqnl sgd
NQCDQR s_akd>
?- RDKDBS ) EQNL NQCDQR
VGDQD OQNCTBS^HC < £CH$£:
A- RDKDBS ) EQNL NQCDQR
VGDQD OQNCTBS^HC KHJD £CH^£ DRB OD £[£:
B- RDKDBS ) EQNL NQCDQR
VGDQD OQNCTBS^HC KHJD £CH[^$£ DRB OD £[£:
C- RDKDBS ) EQNL NQCDQR
VGDQD OQNCTBS^HC KHJD £CH[^£ DRB OD £[£:
D- RDKDBS ) EQNL NQCDQR
VGDQD OQNCTBS^HC KHJD £CH^$£ DRB OD £[£:
01- BNTMSQX^M LD _mc QDFHNM^HC _qd u_khc bnktlm m_ldr hm sgd BNTMSQHDR s_akd- Vghbg
nmd ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr vhkk dwdbtsd vhsgnts _m dqqnq>
?- RDKDBS bntmsqx^mZld+ qdfhnm^hc+B RD qdfhnm^hc < 0 SGDM £Dtqnod£+
qdfhnm^hc < 1 SGDM £ ldqhbZ£+ qdfhnm^hc < 2 SGDM £ rhZ£+ DKRD £Nsgdq£
DMC BnmshmdmsEQNL bntmsqhdr:
A- RDKDBS bntmsqx^mZld+ qdfhnm^hc+B RD &qdfhnm^hc VGDM 0 SGDM £Dtqnod£+
VGDM 1 SGDM £ ldqhbZ£+ VGDM 2 SGDM £ rhZ£+ DKRD £Nsgdq£( BnmshmdmsEQNL
bntmsqhdr:
B- RDKDBS bntmsqx^mZld+ qdfhnm^hc+B RD qdfhnm^hc VGDM 0 SGDM £Dtqnod£
VGDM 1 SGDM £ ldqhbZ£ VGDM 2 SGDM £ rhZ£ DKRD £Nsgdq£ DMC BnmshmdmsEQNL
bntmsqhdr:
C- RDKDBS bntmsqx^mZld+ qdfhnm^hc+B RD qdfhnm^hc VGDM 0 SGDM £Dtqnod£
VGDM 1 SGDM £ ldqhbZ£ VGDM 2 SGDM £ rhZ£ DKRD £Nsgdq£ BnmshmdmsEQNL
bntmsqhdr:
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 74
DLO^M LD GHQD^C SD R K QX
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
RLHSG 06,CDB,8/ 7//
KKDM 1/,EDA,80 05//
V QC 11,EDA,80 014/
INMDR /1, OQ,80 4864
V QCDM 17,RDO,80 014/
AK JD /0,L X,80 174/
Vg_s vhkk ad sgd u_ktd hm sgd ehqrs qnv ne sgd qdrtks rds vgdm sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx
hr dwdbtsdc>
03- Vghbg RPK rs_sdldms vhkk ptdqx sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd enq EHQRS^M LD+ K RS^M LD+ _mc
R K QX ne _kk dloknxddr hm CDO QSLDMS^HC 3/ hm sgd _kog_adshb_k nqcdq ne k_rs m_ld>
?- RDKDBS ehqrs^mZld kZrs^mZld rZkZqx EQNL dloknxddr NQCDQ AX kZrs^mZld
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc < 3/:
A- RDKDBS ehqrs^mZld+ kZrs^mZld+ rZkZqxEQNL dloknxddr NQCDQ AX kZrs^mZld
RB VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc < 3/:
B- RDKDBS ehqrs^mZld kZrs^mZld rZkZqx EQNL dloknxddr VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc
< 3/ NQCDQ AX kZrs^mZld RB:
C- RDKDBS ehqrs^mZld+ kZrs^mZld+ rZkZqx EQNL dloknxddr VGDQD
cdoZqsldms^hc < 3/ NQCDQ AX kZrs^mZld:
D- RDKDBS ehqrs^mZld+ kZrs^mZld+ rZkZqx EQNL S AKD dloknxddr VGDQD
cdoZqsldms^hc HR 3/ NQCDQ AX kZrs^mZld RB:
07- Knnj _s sgd c_s_ hm s_akd OQNCTBSR- Vghbg RPK rs_sdldmsr vhkk khrs sgd hsdlr nm sgd
AK rgdkudr> ’Rgnv sgd qdrtks vhsg sgd lnrs _u_hk_akd pt_mshsx _s sgd sno qnv-(
DLOMN DM LD R K BNLL
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
6258 RLHSG 7//
6388 KKDM 05// 2//
6410 V QC 014/ 4//
6455 INMDR 1864
6543 L QSHM 014/ 03//
6587 AK JD 174/
6671 BK QJ 134/
6677 RBNSS 2///
6728 JHMF 4///
6733 STQMDQ 04// /
6765 C LR 00//
68// I LDR 84/
68/1 ENQC 2///
6823 LHKKDQ 02//
1/- Bnmrhcdq sgd DLO s_akd hm sgd oqduhntr ptdrshnm- Vghbg RPK bncd vhkk qdsqhdud sgd
m_ldr ne dloknxddr vgnrd r_k_qx hr _s sgd entqsg onrhshnm eqnl sno>
?- RDKDBS dmZld+ rZk EQNL dlo NQCDQ AX 1 CDRB NEERDS 2 QNVR EDSBG MDWS 0
QNV VHSG SHDR:
A- RDKDBS dmZld+ rZk EQNL dlo NQCDQ AX 1 NEERDS 2 QNVR EDSBG MDWS 0 QNV:
B- RDKDBS dmZld+ rZk EQNL dlo NQCDQ AX 1 CDRB NEERDS 3 QNVR EDSBG MDWS 0
QNV NMKX:
C- RDKDBS dmZld+ rZk EQNL dlo NQCDQ AX 1 EDSBG EHQRS 3 QNVR NMKX:
AfTosdp Trhmf Rhmfkd*Qnv
2
Etmbshnmr
?r xnt b_m rdd hm sgd s_akd+ sgd sns_k bnlodmr_shnm hr adhmf b_kbtk_sdc nmkx nm S_xkdq: _kk
nsgdqr g_ud sgdhq sns_k bnlodmr_shnm _r MTKK- Sghr hr adb_trd _mx nodq_shnm nm MTKK qdrtksr
hm _ MTKK-
Xnt b_m trd sgd MUK etmbshnm sn rtarshstsd _ ydqn hm ok_bd ne _mx MTKK xnt dmbntmsdq+
khjd sghr9
Vgdm xnt trdc sgd MUK etmbshnm sn rtarshstsd ydqn enq MTKK+ sgd sns_k bnlodmr_shnm
v_r b_kbtk_sdc bnqqdbskx- Enq sgd dloknxddr vgn cn mns g_ud _ bnllhrrhnm+ sgd r_k_qx
_mc bnlodmr_shnm _qd sgd r_ld-
MUK1
Sgd etmbshnm MUK1 hr _ u_qh_shnm ne MUK- MUK1 s_jdr sgqdd _qftldmsr+ MUK1&w0* w1+ w2(+
vgdqd w0+ w1+ _mc w2 _qd dwoqdrrhnmr- MUK1 qdstqmr w2 he w0 hr MTKK+ _mc w1 he w0 hr mns MTKK-
Enq sgd dw_lokd oqdrdmsdc hm sgd oqduhntr rdbshnm+ xnt bntkc _krn trd sgd MUK1 etmbshnm
_mc vqhsd sgd bncd _ ahs cheedqdmskx9
?r xnt b_m rdd hm sgd dw_lokd+ trhmf sgd BN KDRBD etmbshnm gdkor xnt _unhc vqhshmf rdudq_k
HE–SGDM bnmchshnmr+ _r vdkk _r _unhc vqhshmf rdudq_k mdrsdc MUK etmbshnmr- Xnt bntkc vqhsd sgd
r_ld RPK trhmf sgd B RD rs_sdldms xnt kd_qmdc _ants hm Bg_osdq 1 _r enkknvr9
Sqx trhmf VGDM rZkZqx HR MTKK _r sgd sghqc bnmchshnm hm sgd B RD rs_sdldms ’hmrsd_c ne
sgd qrs bnmchshnm(+ _mc mc nts vgdsgdq xnt rdd _mx cheedqdmbd hm sgd qdrtks-
Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Bg_q_bsdq Etmbshnmr 84
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
HMHSB O Qdstqmr sgd rsqhmf vhsg sgd ehqrs kdssdq ne d_bg vnqc hm toodqb_rd
BGQ
BGQ&h @TRHMF MBG Q^BR\( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd h hr _m hmsdfdq- Sghr etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd bg_q_bsdq dpthu_kdms ne sgd cdbhl_k ’ahm_qx( qdoqdrdms_shnm ne sgd bg_q_bsdq- He
sgd noshnm_k TRHMF MBG Q^BR hr hmbktcdc+ sgd bg_q_bsdq eqnl sgd m_shnm_k bg_q_bsdq rds hr
qdstqmdc- Sgd cde_tks adg_uhnq hr sn qdstqm sgd bg_q_bsdq eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd bg_q_bsdq rds-
BNMB?S
BNMB S&b0+b1( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd b0 _mc b1 _qd ansg bg_q_bsdq rsqhmfr- Sghr etmb,
shnm qdstqmr b1 _oodmcdc sn b0- He b0 hr MTKK+ sgdm b1 hr qdstqmdc- He b1 hr MTKK+ sgdm b0 hr
qdstqmdc- He ansg b0 _mc b1 _qd MTKK+ sgdm MTKK hr qdstqmdc- BNMB S qdstqmr sgd r_ld qdrtksr
_r trhmf sgd bnmb_sdm_shnm nodq_snq9 b0{{b1- Hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd+ mnshbd sgd trd ne sgd
mdrsdc etmbshnm…_ etmbshnm hmrhcd _ etmbshnm…_r _m _qftldms9
HMHSB?O
HMHSB O&b0( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd b0 hr _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr
b0 vhsg sgd qrs bg_q_bsdq ne d_bg vnqc hm toodqb_rd _mc _kk nsgdqr hm knvdqb_rd- Vnqcr _qd
cdkhlhsdc ax vghsd ro_bd nq bg_q_bsdqr sg_s _qd mns _kog_mtldqhb-
HMRSQ
HMRSQ&b0+b1@+h@+i\\( s_jdr entq _qftldmsr+ vgdqd b0 _mc b1 _qd bg_q_bsdq rsqhmfr _mc h
_mc i _qd hmsdfdqr- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd mtldqhb bg_q_bsdq onrhshnm hm b0 vgdqd sgd i
nbbtqqdmbd ne b1 hr entmc- Sgd rd_qbg adfhmr _s sgd h bg_q_bsdq onrhshnm hm b0- HMRSQ qdstqmr
_ / vgdm sgd qdptdrsdc rsqhmf hr mns entmc- He h hr mdf_shud+ sgd rd_qbg hr odqenqldc a_bjv_qc+
eqnl qhfgs sn kdes+ ats sgd onrhshnm hr rshkk bntmsdc eqnl kdes sn qhfgs- Ansg h _mc i cde_tks sn 0+
_mc i b_mmns ad mdf_shud-
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd mcr sgd qrs nbbtqqdmbd ne h hm sgd rsqhmf rs_qshmf eqnl sgd
entqsg onrhshnm ne sgd rsqhmf9
Gdqd hr _mnsgdq dw_lokd trhmf _ mdf_shud _qftldms enq sgd adfhmmhmf bg_q_bsdq onrhshnm-
Sgd rd_qbg enq sgd hr rsqhmf vhkk rs_qs _s sgd entqsg onrhshnm eqnl sgd dmc _mc lnud sn sgd kdes-
Hm sgd oqduhntr dw_lokd+ _kk nbbtqqdmbdr ne sgd sqhlldc bg_q_bsdqr L+ h+ _mc r _qd
sqhlldc eqnl sgd hmots rsqhmf Lhrrhrrhooh+ adfhmmhmf nm sgd kdes ’vhsg L( _mc bnmshmthmf
tmshk sgd qrs bg_q_bsdq sg_s hr mns _m L+ h+ nq r hr dmbntmsdqdc- Mnsd sg_s sgd sq_hkhmf h hr mns
sqhlldc: nmkx sgd kd_chmf bg_q_bsdqr _qd qdlnudc- Hm SDRS3+ sgdqd hr mn nbbtqqdmbd ne Y+ rn
sgd hmots rsqhmf hr qdstqmdc tmbg_mfdc-
QDOK?BD
QDOK BD&b0+ b1 @+b2\( s_jdr sgqdd _qftldmsr+ vgdqd b0+ b1+ _mc b2 _qd bg_q_bsdq rsqhmfr-
Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr b0 vhsg _kk nbbtqqdmbdr ne b1 qdok_bdc vhsg b2- b2 cde_tksr sn MTKK- He
b2 hr MTKK+ _kk nbbtqqdmbdr ne b1 _qd qdlnudc- He b1 hr MTKK+ sgdm b0 hr qdstqmdc tmbg_mfdc-
He b0 hr MTKK+ sgdm MTKK hr qdstqmdc-
QDOK BD&
,,,,,,,,
cnvmsnvm
Sghr etmbshnm b_m bnld hm g_mcx vgdm xnt mddc sn odqenql rnld cxm_lhb rtarshst,
shnmr- Enq dw_lokd+ rtoonrd xnt g_ud _ mtladq ne hmcdwdr sg_s vdqd bqd_sdc hm sgd ^C S
s_akdro_bd hmrsd_c ne hm sgd ^HMCW s_akdro_bd9
Xnt b_m fdmdq_sd sgd C_s_ Cdmhshnm K_mft_fd ’CCK( sn qdathkc sgdrd lhrok_bdc hmcdwdr
hm sgd bnqqdbs knb_shnm- Hm sghr rbdm_qhn+ xnt jmnv xntq s_akdro_bd m_lhmf bnmudmshnm g_r
0 3 Bg_osdq 2 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr
Kds%r knnj _s _ qd_k dw_lokd eqnl sgd khed ne _ CA?- Rtoonrd xnt v_ms sn dwsq_bs nmkx sgd
“kdm_ld eqnl caZ^cZsZ^ehkdr vhsgnts sgd o_sg m_ld: xnt bntkc trd sgd enkknvhmf RPK
bncd- Gdqd sgd HMRSQ etmbshnm hr mdrsdc hmrhcd _ RTARSQ etmbshnm- Rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr b_m
ad mdrsdc sn _mx kdudk- Vgdm etmbshnmr _qd mdrsdc+ sgd hmmdqlnrs etmbshnm hr du_kt_sdc
“qrs- Sgd HMRSQ etmbshnm hr trdc sn “mc sgd bg_q_bsdq onrhshnm vgdqd sgd k_rs a_bjrk_rg ’[(
_ood_qr hm sgd “kdm_ld rsqhmf ’knnjhmf enq sgd “qrs nbbtqqdmbd eqnl sgd dmc(- Sghr onrhshnm
hr o_rrdc hmsn sgd RTARSQ etmbshnm _r sgd rs_qs onrhshnm-
RDKDBS ehkd^mZld+
RTARSQ&ehkd^mZld+ HMRSQ&ehkd^mZld+£[£+ ,0+0(*0( mZld
EQNL caZ^cZsZ^ehkdr:
EHKD^M LD M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
B9[NQ BKD[NQ C S [V00FQ0[TRDQR/0-CAE TRDQR/0-CAE
B9[NQ BKD[NQ C S [V00FQ0[TMCNSAR/0-CAE TMCNSAR/0-CAE
B9[NQ BKD[NQ C S [V00FQ0[RXR TW/0-CAE RXR TW/0-CAE
B9[NQ BKD[NQ C S [V00FQ0[RXRSDL/0-CAE RXRSDL/0-CAE
B9[NQ BKD[NQ C S [V00FQ0[DW LOKD/0-CAE DW LOKD/0-CAE
Sn odqenql sgd r_ld nodq_shnm nm Tmhw nq Khmtw c_s_a_rdr+ qdok_bd sgd a_bjrk_rg ’[( hm
sgd HMRSQ etmbshnm vhsg _ qdftk_q rk_rg ’.(+ adb_trd _ qdftk_q rk_rg ’.( hr trdc nm Khmtw.
Tmhw sn rdo_q_sd chqdbsnqhdr-
Kds%r qduhdv _mnsgdq dw_lokd trhmf sgd Khmtw nq Tmhw ok_senql- Rtoonrd xnt v_ms sn
“mc _kk sgd “kd rxrsdlr ’lntms onhmsr( trdc ax xntq c_s_a_rd: xnt bntkc trd sgd enkknv,
hmf RPK9
RDKDBS CHRSHMBS
RTARSQ&ehkd^mZld+ 0+ HMRSQ&ehkd^mZld+£.£+ 0+1(,0( er^mZld
EQNL caZ^cZsZ^ehkdr:
Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Bg_q_bsdq Etmbshnmr 0 4
ER^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
.t/0
.t/4
.nqZ^sdlo
.nqZ^tmcn
Hm sghr dw_lokd+ xnt rs_qsdc knnjhmf enq sgd rdbnmc nbbtqqdmbd ne . trhmf sgd HMRSQ etmb,
shnm _mc trdc RTARSQ sn dwsq_bs nmkx sgd bg_q_bsdqr eqnl 0 sgqntfg sgd knb_shnm adenqd
sgd rdbnmc nbbtqqdmbd ne . hm sgd “kdm_ld ’gdmbd sgd '0(-
RTARSQA
RTARSQA&b0+ h@+ i\( s_jdr sgqdd _qftldmsr+ vgdqd b0 hr _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf _mc ansg h
_mc i _qd hmsdfdqr- Sghr etmbshnm hr sgd r_ld _r RTARSQ+ dwbdos h _mc i _qd bntmsdc hm axsdr
hmrsd_c ne bg_q_bsdqr- Enq rhmfkd,axsd bg_q_bsdq rdsr+ sgdx _qd dpthu_kdms-
SQ?MRK?SD
SQ MRK SD&b0+ b1 +b2( s_jdr sgqdd _qftldmsr+ vgdqd b0+ b1+ _mc b2 _qd bg_q_bsdq rsqhmfr-
Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr b0 vhsg _kk nbbtqqdmbdr ne bg_q_bsdqr hm b1 qdok_bdc vhsg sgd onrhshnm,
_kkx bnqqdronmchmf bg_q_bsdqr hm b2- ? MTKK hr qdstqmdc he _mx ne b0+ b1+ nq b2 hr MTKK- He b2
g_r edvdq bg_q_bsdqr sg_m b1+ sgd tml_sbgdc bg_q_bsdqr hm b1 _qd qdlnudc eqnl b0- He b1 g_r
edvdq bg_q_bsdqr sg_m b2+ sgd tml_sbgdc bg_q_bsdqr hm b2 _qd hfmnqdc- SQ MRK SD hr rhlhk_q
sn sgd QDOK BD etmbshnm- QDOK BD rtarshstsdr _ rhmfkd rsqhmf eqnl _mnsgdq rsqhmf+ vgdqd_r
SQ MRK SD l_jdr rdudq_k rhmfkd,bg_q_bsdq nmd,sn,nmd rtarshstshnmr-
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd rtarshstsdr sgd _rsdqhrj ’)( enq Z+ ontmc rhfm ’"( enq d+ _mc cnkk_q
rhfm ’#( enq h: _mc hs qdlnudr n _mc t eqnl sgd kZrs^mZld bnktlm9
K RS^M LD MN^UNVDK
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
RZqbgZmc R)qbg)mc
RbhZqqZ Rb#)qq)
Rdn R"
Rlhsg Rl#sg
RtkkhuZm Rkk#u)m
Rtkkx Rkkx
0 5 Bg_osdq 2 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr
Gdqd hr _mnsgdq dw_lokd vgdqd sgd b_rd hr qdudqrdc: toodqb_rd kdssdqr _qd bnmudqsdc sn
knvdqb_rd+ _mc knvdqb_rd kdssdqr _qd bnmudqsdc sn toodqb_rd9
SQHL
SQHL&@@b0\ b1 EQNL \ b2( b_m s_jd sgqdd _qftldmsr+ vgdqd b1 _mc b2 _qd bg_q_bsdq
rsqhmfr- He oqdrdms+ b0 b_m ad nmd ne sgd enkknvhmf khsdq_kr9 KD CHMF+ SQ HKHMF+ nq ANSG- Sghr
etmbshnm qdstqmr b2 vhsg _kk b0 ’kd_chmf+ sq_hkhmf+ nq ansg( nbbtqqdmbdr ne bg_q_bsdqr hm b1
qdlnudc- ? MTKK hr qdstqmdc he _mx ne b0+ b1+ nq b2 hr MTKK- b0 cde_tksr sn ANSG- b1 cde_tksr
sn _ ro_bd bg_q_bsdq- b2 hr sgd nmkx l_mc_snqx _qftldms- He b1 nq b2 hr MTKK+ sgd etmbshnm
qdstqmr _ MTKK- Hs hr dpthu_kdms sn _ookxhmf ansg KSQHL _mc QSQHL nm sgd rsqhmf b2-
?mnsgdq dw_lokd ne trhmf sgd SQHL etmbshnm hr rgnvm gdqd- Hs qdlnudr ’sqhlr( bg_q_bsdq
'_– eqnl sgd kd_chmf onrhshnm _mc sgd sq_hkhmf onrhshnm- Enq sgd m_ldr ?k_m_ _mc ?kxrr_+
ansg sgd kd_chmf _mc sgd sq_hkhmf '_– _qd qdlnudc: mnshbd enq sgd m_ld ?_kadqsn+ ansg
nbbtqqdmbdr ne sgd kd_chmf '_– _qd qdlnudc-
lhrrhrrhooh LHRRHRRHOOH
lhrsdq HMCH LHRSDQ HMCH
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
M?MUK Qdstqmr _m _ksdqm_shud mtladq he sgd u_ktd hr Mns _ Mtladq ’M_M( enq
AHM?QXZEKN?S _mc AHM?QXZCNTAKD mtladqr
Sgdrd svn etmbshnmr _qd chrbtrrdc hm sgd 'Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv C_sd Etmbshnmr– rdbshnm sn
hkktrsq_sd sgdhq adg_uhnq vhsg _ c_sdshld c_s_sxod hmots-
?AR
AR&m( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd m hr _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod ’MTLADQ+ AHM QX^EKN S+ nq
AHM QX^CNTAKD(- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd _arnktsd u_ktd ne m-
?BNR
BNR&m( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd m hr _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod adsvddm “0 _mc 0- Sghr
etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd _qb bnrhmd ne m dwoqdrrdc hm q_ch_mr+ _bbtq_sd sn 2/ chfhsr ne oqdbhrhnm-
?RHM
RHM&m( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd m hr _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod adsvddm “0 _mc 0- Sghr
etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd _qb rhmd ne m dwoqdrrdc hm q_ch_mr+ _bbtq_sd sn 2/ chfhsr ne oqdbhrhnm-
?S?M
S M&m( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd m hr _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd
_qb s_mfdms ne m dwoqdrrdc hm q_ch_mr+ _bbtq_sd sn 2/ chfhsr ne oqdbhrhnm-
?S?M1
S M1&m0+ m1( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd m0 _mc m1 _qd mtladqr- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd
_qb s_mfdms ne m0 _mc m1 dwoqdrrdc hm q_ch_mr+ _bbtq_sd sn 2/ chfhsr ne oqdbhrhnm- S M1&m0+m1(
hr dpthu_kdms sn S M&m0.m1( he m0 _mc m1 _qd onrhshud hmsdfdqr-
AHS?MC
AHS MC&m0+ m1( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd m0 _mc m1 _qd MTLADQ c_s_sxodr- Sghr etmb,
shnm odqenqlr _ ahsvhrd MC nodq_shnm nm sgd svn hmots u_ktdr _mc qdstqmr sgd qdrtksr+ _krn
hmsdfdqr- Hs hr trdc sn dw_lhmd ahs dkcr-
Gdqd _qd svn dw_lokdr ne AHS MC- Sgd qrs nmd odqenqlr _ ahsvhrd MC nodq_shnm nm 5
’ahm_qx /00/( _mc 2 ’ahm_qx //00(- Sgd qdrtks hr 1 ’ahm_qx //0/(- Rhlhk_qkx+ sgd ahsvhrd MC
adsvddm 7 ’ahm_qx 0///( _mc 1 ’ahm_qx //0/( hr / ’////(-
S0 S1
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
1 /
Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Mtldqhb Etmbshnmr 006
RHMG
RHMG&m( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd m hr _ mtladq- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd gxodqankhb
rhmd ne m+ _bbtq_sd sn 25 chfhsr ne oqdbhrhnm-
RHMG&0(
,,,,,,,,,,
0-0641/008
RPQS
RPQS&m( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd m hr _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd
rpt_qd qnns ne m-
S?M
S M&m( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd m hr _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod hm q_ch_mr- Sghr etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd s_mfdms ne m+ _bbtq_sd sn 25 chfhsr ne oqdbhrhnm-
34^Cdfqddr
,,,,,,,,,,
0
S?MG
S MG&m( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd m hr _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd
gxodqankhb s_mfdms ne m+ _bbtq_sd sn 25 chfhsr ne oqdbhrhnm-
IZldr 13// /
IZldr 14// 0
IZrnm 22// 0
Ingm 16// 0
InrgtZ 14// 0
Ingm 03/// 00
IZmdssd 0//// 8
InmZsgnm 75// 7
IZbj 73// 6
IdZm 20// 0
ItkhZ 23// 1
Idmmhedq 25// 1
RXRC SD
,,,,,,,,,
02,ITK,02
Rdrrhnm Zksdqdc-
RXRC SD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
02,Itk,1/02 059/0911
Sghr KSDQ RDRRHNM bnll_mc vhkk rds sgd hlokhbhs bnmudqrhnm ldbg_mhrl sn chrok_x
c_sd c_s_ hm sgd enql_s rodbhdc+ rtbg _r 01,Cdb,1//1 04934921- Sghr bnmudqrhnm vnqjr
ansg v_xr- He sgd bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf £2/,Mnu,1//1 1/92/9//£ vdqd hmrdqsdc+ toc_sdc+ nq
_rrhfmdc sn _ c_sd bnktlm nq u_qh_akd+ sgd bnqqdbs c_sd vntkc ad dmsdqdc-
He sgd enql_s lncdk vdqd CC.LL.XX nq LL.CC.XX+ sgdqd bntkc ad rnld _lahfthsx hm sgd
bnmudqrhnm ne rnld c_sdr+ rtbg _r 01 ?oqhk 1/// ’/3.01.// nq 01./3.//(- Sn _unhc oqnakdlr
vhsg hlokhbhs bnmudqrhnmr+ Nq_bkd oqnuhcdr dwokhbhs c_sd.bg_q_bsdq,bnmudqrhnm etmbshnmr9
SN^C SD+ SN^BG Q+ SN^SHLDRS LO+ SN^SHLDRS LO^SY+ SN^CRHMSDQU K+ _mc SN^XLHMSDQU K-
Sgdrd dwokhbhs bnmudqrhnm etmbshnmr _qd bnudqdc hm sgd 'Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Bnmudqrhnm
Etmbshnmr– rdbshnm k_sdq hm sghr bg_osdq-
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
KNB?KSHLDRS?LO Qdstqmr sgd btqqdms c_sd _mc shld hm sgd rdrrhnm shld ynmd
Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv C_sd Etmbshnmr 010
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
RXR^DWSQ?BS^TSB Qdstqmr sgd TSB ’FLS( enq _ shldrs_lo vhsg _ shld ynmd
RXRC?SD Qdstqmr sgd btqqdms c_sd _mc shld hm sgd C?SD c_s_sxod
SY^NEERDS Qdstqmr sgd neerds eqnl TSB enq _ shld ynmd m_ld
RXRC?SD
RXRC SD s_jdr mn _qftldmsr _mc qdstqmr sgd btqqdms c_sd _mc shld sn sgd rdbnmc enq sgd
nodq_shmf,rxrsdl gnrs vgdqd sgd c_s_a_rd qdrhcdr- Sgd u_ktd hr qdstqmdc hm _ C SD c_s_sxod-
Sgd enql_s sg_s sgd u_ktd qdstqmdc hr a_rdc nm MKR^C SD^ENQL S+ vghbg b_m ad _ksdqdc enq
sgd rdrrhnm trhmf sgd KSDQ RDRRHNM RDS MKR^C SD^ENQL S bnll_mc- Sgd enql_s l_rj
enq c_sdr _mc shldrs_lor _qd chrbtrrdc k_sdq hm sgd bg_osdq-
RXRC SD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
02,ITK,1/02 /39/0911 OL
Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv C_sd Etmbshnmr 014
Sghr etmbshnm hr rhlhk_q sn BTQQDMS^C SD- BTQQDMS^C SD qdstqmr sgd qdrtks hm sgd C SD
c_s_sxod+ vgdqd_r BTQQDMS^SHLDRS LO qdstqmr sgd qdrtks hm sgd SHLDRS LO VHSG SHLD
YNMD c_s_sxod-
BTQQDMS^C SD
BTQQDMS^SHLDRS LO
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
02,Itk,1/02 069/0911
1/02,ITK,02 /49/0911-275/// TR.D RSDQM
CASHLDYNMD
CASHLDYNMD qdstqmr sgd c_s_a_rd&r shld ynmd+ _r rds ax sgd k_sdrs BQD SD C S A RD nq KSDQ
C S A RD RDS SHLD^YNMD rs_sdldms- Mnsd sg_s _esdq bg_mfhmf sgd c_s_a_rd shld ynmd vhsg
sgd KSDQ C S A RD rs_sdldms+ sgd c_s_a_rd ltrs ad antmbdc ’qdrs_qsdc( enq sgd bg_mfd sn
s_jd deedbs- Sgd shld ynmd hr _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf rodbhexhmf sgd gntqr _mc lhmtsdr neerds eqnl
TSB ’Bnnqchm_sdc Tmhudqr_k Shld+ _krn jmnvm _r FLS+ nq Fqddmvhbg ld_m shld( nq _
shld ynmd qdfhnm m_ld- Sgd u_khc shld ynmd qdfhnm m_ldr b_m ad entmc hm sgd SYM LD bnk,
tlm ne sgd uhdv U#SHLDYNMD^M LDR- Sgd cde_tks shld ynmd enq sgd c_s_a_rd hr TSB ’//9//(
he xnt cn mns dwokhbhskx rds sgd shld ynmd ctqhmf c_s_a_rd bqd_shnm-
CASHLD
,,,,,,
,/49//
DWSQ?BS
DWSQ BS&b EQNL cs( dwsq_bsr _mc qdstqmr sgd rodbhdc bnlonmdms b ne c_sd.shld nq
hmsdqu_k dwoqdrrhnm cs- Sgd u_khc bnlonmdmsr _qd XD Q+ LNMSG+ C X+ GNTQ+ LHMTSD+ RDBNMC+
SHLDYNMD^GNTQ+ SHLDYNMD^LHMTSD+ SHLDYNMD^QDFHNM+ _mc SHLDYNMD^ AAQ- Sgd rodbhdc
bnlonmdms ltrs dwhrs hm sgd dwoqdrrhnm- Rn+ sn dwsq_bs _ SHLDYNMD^GNTQ+ sgd c_sd.shld
dwoqdrrhnm ltrs ad _ SHLDRS LO VHSG SHLD YNMD c_s_sxod-
?ksgntfg GNTQ+ LHMTSD+ _mc RDBNMC dwhrs hm sgd C SD c_s_sxod+ xnt b_m dwsq_bs nmkx
XD Q+ LNMSG+ _mc C X eqnl sgd C?SD c_s_sxod dwoqdrrhnmr-
RXRC SD XD Q^C
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
02,Itk,1/02 059/0911 1/02
Xnt b_m dwsq_bs XD Q+ LNMSG+ C X+ GNTQ+ LHMTSD+ _mc RDBNMC eqnl sgd SHLDRS?LO
c_s_sxod dwoqdrrhnm- Xnt b_m dwsq_bs _kk sgd bnlonmdmsr eqnl sgd SHLDRS?LO VHSG
SHLDYNMD c_s_sxod dwoqdrrhnm-
Xnt vhkk ad _akd sn fds sgd r_ld qdrtks trhmf sgd SN^BG Q etmbshnm _r vdkk+ _r rgnvm gdqd-
EQNL^SY
EQNL^SY&sr+ sy( qdstqmr _ SHLDRS LO VHSG SHLD YNMD enq sgd shldrs_lo sr trhmf shld
ynmd u_ktd sy- Sgd bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf sy rodbhdr sgd gntqr _mc lhmtsdr neerds eqnl TSB nq
hr _ shld ynmd qdfhnm m_ld- Sgd u_khc shld ynmd qdfhnm m_ldr b_m ad entmc hm sgd SYM LD
bnktlm ne sgd uhdv U#SHLDYNMD^M LDR-
KNB KSHLDRS LO
I O M
Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv C_sd Etmbshnmr 016
BDMSQ K
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
02,ITK,02 /4-/0-11-282/// OL
1/02,ITK,02 /49/0911-282/// I O M
1/02,ITK,02 /49/0911-282/// ,/49//
K?RS^C?X
K RS^C X&c( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd c hr _ c_sd- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd k_rs c_x
ne sgd lnmsg enq sgd c_sd c- Sgd qdstqm c_s_sxod hr C SD-
LNMSGR^ADSVDDM
LNMSGR^ADSVDDM&c0+ c1( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd c0 _mc c1 _qd ansg c_sdr- Sghr etmb,
shnm qdstqmr sgd mtladq ne lnmsgr sg_s c1 hr k_sdq sg_m c0- ? vgnkd mtladq hr qdstqmdc he
c0 _mc c1 _qd sgd r_ld c_x ne sgd lnmsg nq he ansg c_sdr _qd sgd k_rs c_x ne _ lnmsg-
D0 D1 D2 D3
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
,5 ,5-5018/21 ,5-8243728 5
MDV^SHLD
MDV^SHLD&c=+ sy0+ sy1( s_jdr sgqdd _qftldmsr+ vgdqd c hr _ c_sd _mc ansg sy0 _mc sy1
_qd nmd ne sgd shld ynmd bnmrs_msr- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd c_sd hm shld ynmd sy1 enq c_sd
c hm shld ynmd sy0-
C KK R G V HH
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
02,Itk,1/02 059/0911 02,Itk,1/02 019/0911
MDWS^C?X
MDWS^C X&c+ cnv( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd c hr _ c_sd _mc cnv hr _ sdws rsqhmf bnms_hmhmf
sgd etkk nq _aaqduh_sdc c_x ne sgd vddj hm sgd rdrrhnm&r k_mft_fd- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd
mdws cnv enkknvhmf c- Sgd shld onqshnm ne sgd qdstqm c_sd hr sgd r_ld _r sgd shld onqshnm ne c-
QNTMC
QNTMC&;c= @+els\( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd c hr _ c_sd _mc els hr _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf
bnms_hmhmf _ c_sd enql_s rsqhmf- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr c qntmcdc sn sgd fq_mtk_qhsx rodbhdc
hm els- He els hr nlhssdc+ c hr qntmcdc sn sgd md_qdrs c_x-
RDRRHNMSHLDYNMD
RDRRHNMSHLDYNMD s_jdr mn _qftldmsr _mc qdstqmr sgd c_s_a_rd&r shld ynmd neerds _r odq
sgd k_rs KSDQ RDRRHNM rs_sdldms- RDRRHNMSHLDYNMD vhkk cde_tks sn CASHLDYNMD he hs hr mns
bg_mfdc vhsg _m KSDQ RDRRHNM rs_sdldms-
CASHLDYNMD RDRRHNMSHLDYNMD
,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,/49// TR.DZrsdqm
021 Bg_osdq 2 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
B RS Bnmudqsr c_s_sxodr
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
?RBHHRSQ
RBHHRSQ&b0( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd b0 hr _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf- S hr etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd ?RBHH dpthu_kdms ne _kk sgd bg_q_bsdqr hm b0- Sghr etmbshnm kd_udr ?RBHH
bg_q_bsdqr tmbg_mfdc+ ats mnm,?RBHH bg_q_bsdqr _qd qdstqmdc hm sgd enql_s [wwww
vgdqd wwww qdoqdrdmsr _ TSE,05 bncd tmhs-
CNTAKD
BNMUDQS
BNMUDQS&b+ crds @+rrds\( s_jdr sgqdd _qftldmsr+ vgdqd b hr _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf _mc crds
_mc rrds _qd bg_q_bsdq,rds m_ldr- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf b bnmudqsdc
eqnl sgd rntqbd bg_q_bsdq rds rrds sn sgd cdrshm_shnm bg_q_bsdq rds crds- Mn sq_mrk_shnm hr
odqenqldc- He sgd bg_q_bsdq cndr mns dwhrs hm ansg bg_q_bsdq rdsr+ sgd qdok_bdldms bg_q_bsdq
enq sgd bg_q_bsdq rds hr trdc- rrds cde_tksr sn sgd c_s_a_rd bg_q_bsdq rds-
BNMUDQS&£UHR,>,UHR£+£ K05TSE
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
u h r ,>> , u h r
CDBNLONRD
CDBNLONRD&b( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd b hr _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr b
_r _ Tmhbncd rsqhmf _esdq b_mnmhb_k cdbnlonrhshnm hm sgd r_ld bg_q_bsdq rds _r b- Sgd BNLONRD
_mc CDBNLONRD etmbshnmr rtoonqs Tmhbncd 2-/-
GDWSNQ?V
GDWSNQ V&w( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd w hr _ gdw_cdbhl_k rsqhmf- Sghr etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd gdw_cdbhl_k rsqhmf w bnmudqsdc sn _ Q V c_s_sxod- Mn sq_mrk_shnm hr odqenqldc:
nmkx sgd c_s_sxod hr bg_mfdc-
MTLSNCRHMSDQU?K
MTLSNCRHMSDQU K&w + b( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd w hr _ mtladq _mc b hr _ bg_q_bsdq
rsqhmf cdmnshmf sgd tmhsr enq w- Sghr etmbshnm bnmudqsr sgd mtladq w hmsn _m HMSDQU K C X
SN RDBNMC c_s_sxod- U_khc tmhsr _qd C X+ GNTQ+ LHMTSD+ _mc RDBNMC- b b_m ad toodqb_rd+
knvdqb_rd+ nq lhwdc b_rd-
MTLSNXLHMSDQU?K
MTLSNXLHMSDQU K&w + b( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd w hr _ mtladq _mc b hr _ bg_q_bsdq
rsqhmf cdmnshmf sgd tmhsr enq w- Sghr etmbshnm bnmudqsr sgd mtladq w hmsn _m HMSDQU K XD Q
SN LNMSG c_s_sxod- U_khc tmhsr _qd XD Q _mc LNMSG- b b_m ad toodqb_rd+ knvdqb_rd+ nq
lhwdc b_rd-
Q?VSNGDW
Q VSNGDW&w( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd w hr _ q_v rsqhmf- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd
q_v rsqhmf w bnmudqsdc sn _ gdw_cdbhl_k- Mn sq_mrk_shnm hr odqenqldc: nmkx sgd c_s_sxod
hr bg_mfdc-
QNVHCSNBG?Q
QNVHCSNBG Q&w( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd w hr _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf hm sgd QNVHC c_s_sxod-
Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd QNVHC rsqhmf w bnmudqsdc sn _ U QBG Q1 c_s_sxod- Mn sq_mrk_shnm hr
odqenqldc: nmkx sgd c_s_sxod hr bg_mfdc- Sgd qdrtkshmf rsqhmf hr _kv_xr 07 bg_q_bsdqr knmf-
BG Q^QNVHC EHQRS^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
VVp J CM 8 RZqZsg
RBM^SN^SHLDRS?LO
RBM^SN^SHLDRS LO &m( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd m hr _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod qdoqdrdmshmf
_ rxrsdl bg_mfd mtladq ’RBM( hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd shldrs_lo _rrn,
bh_sdc vhsg sgd RBM- Sgd qdstqm c_s_sxod hr SHLDRS LO-
TOC^SHLD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
14,L Q,/7 01-05-38-///////// OL
?m RBM hr _ mtladq sg_s fdsr hmbqdldmsdc vgdm _ bnllhs nbbtqr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd
RBM hcdmshdr sgd rs_sd ne sgd c_s_a_rd tmhptdkx+ hr qdbnqcdc hm sgd qdcn knf kdr+ _mc vhkk
ad trdc hm b_rd hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx hr mddcdc- Okd_rd rdd Bg_osdq 7+ 'Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd+– enq lnqd hmenql_shnm-
Nq_bkd oqnuhcdr sgd NQ ^QNVRBM ordtcnbnktlm sn hcdmshex sgd RBM vgdm sgd aknbj bnm,
s_hmhmf sgd qnv v_r k_rs lnchdc- Trhmf sgd NQ ^QNVRBM ordtcnbnktlm+ xnt b_m hcdmshex
sgd _ooqnwhl_sd shld vgdm sgd qnv v_r k_rs lnchdc- Sgd shld hr _ooqnwhl_sd adb_trd
sgd RBM hr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg _ aknbj+ _mc _kk sgd qnvr hm sgd aknbj vhkk g_ud sgd r_ld RBM
_rrnbh_sdc vhsg sgdl- Sghr hr trdetk hm hcdmshexhmf sgd k_rs lnchdc shld ne _ s_akd+ adb_trd
_ aknbj b_m adknmf sn nmkx nmd s_akd- Okd_rd rdd Bg_osdq 0/+ 'Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc
Ro_bd L_m_fdldms+– enq lnqd hmenql_shnm nm aknbjr-
LNC^SHLD K RS^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,
17,ITM,02 00-2/-28-///////// L Cd GZZm
SHLDRS?LO^SN^RBM
SHLDRS LO^SN^RBM &;sr=( hr trdc sn hcdmshex sgd RBM _rrnbh_sdc vhsg _ o_qshbtk_q shld,
rs_lo- Sgd etmbshnm s_jdr nmd _qftldms+ sr+ vghbg hr ne c_s_sxod SHLDRS LO- Sgd qdstqm
c_s_sxod hr MTLADQ-
CA^RBM
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
74583210/12/7
SN^AHM?QX^CNTAKD
SN^AHM QX^CNTAKD&;dwoq= @+;els= @+;mkroZql=\ \( s_jdr sgqdd _qftldmsr+ vgdqd dwoq hr
_ bg_q_bsdq nq mtldqhb rsqhmf+ els hr _ enql_s rsqhmf rodbhexhmf sgd enql_s sg_s b _ood_qr hm+
_mc mkroZql rodbhdr k_mft_fd, nq knb_shnm,enql_sshmf bnmudmshnmr- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr _
ahm_qx cntakd,oqdbhrhnm n_shmf,onhms mtladq ne c_s_sxod AHM?QX^CNTAKD qdoqdrdmsdc
Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Bnmudqrhnm Etmbshnmr 030
SN^BG?Q
SN^BG Q&;dwoq= @+;els =@+;mkroZql=\ \( s_jdr sgqdd _qftldmsr+ vgdqd dwoq hr _ c_sd
nq _ mtladq nq _ bg_q_bsdq c_s_sxod+ els hr _ enql_s lncdk rodbhexhmf sgd enql_s sg_s dwoq
vhkk _ood_q hm+ _mc mkroZql rodbhdr k_mft_fd, nq knb_shnm,enql_sshmf bnmudmshnmr- Sghr
etmbshnm qdstqmr dwoq bnmudqsdc hmsn _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf ’sgd U QBG Q1 c_s_sxod(-
Xnt b_m trd sgd SN^BG Q etmbshnm sn bnmudqs _ c_sdshld nq mtldqhb c_s_sxod u_ktd sn
bg_q_bsdq- Vgdm sgd hmots hr mns hm sgd cde_tks enql_s dwodbsdc ax sgd c_s_a_rd+ xnt g_ud
sn oqnuhcd sgd enql_s ne sgd hmots c_s_ _r sgd rdbnmc _qftldms- Hm sghr rdbshnm+ vd&kk cdl,
nmrsq_sd gnv _ c_sdshld c_s_sxod u_ktd _mc _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod u_ktd b_m ad bnmudqsdc sn
_ bg_q_bsdq c_s_sxod-
C_sd Bnmudqrhnm
He dwoq hr _ c_sd nq shldrs_lo u_ktd+ els hr _ c_sd enql_s bncd+ _mc mkroZql hr _m MKR^
C SD^K MFT FD rodbhb_shnm+ he hmbktcdc- Mnsd sg_s sgd rodkkdc,nts mtladqr _kv_xr _ood_q
hm Dmfkhrg+ vghkd sgd c_x nq lnmsg l_x _ood_q hm sgd MKR k_mft_fd-
SNC X^GDTSD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
RZlrsZf Sghqsddmsg+Itkh 1/02
SNC X
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Nm sgd Sghqsddmsg cZx ne Itkx + 1/02
C nq AB Donbg hmchb_snq-
L nq OL Ldqhch_m hmchb_snq-
031 Bg_osdq 2 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr
EE Eq_bshnm_k rdbnmcr-
LL Svn,chfhs lnmsg-
P Pt_qsdq-
QQ Trdc enq c_s_ hmots vhsg nmkx svn chfhsr enq sgd xd_q sn rsnqd svdmsh,
dsg,bdmstqx c_sdr hm sgd svdmsx,ehqrs bdmstqx-
QQQQ Trdc enq c_s_ hmots- He _ svn,chfhs xd_q hr dmsdqdc+ sghr vnqjr khjd QQ-
He _ entq,chfhs xd_q hr dmsdqdc+ hs vnqjr khjd XXXX-
SYG Shld ynmd gntq+ snfdsgdq vhsg SYL+ hr shld ynmd neerds-
SYL Shld ynmd lhmtsd+ snfdsgdq vhsg SYG+ hr shld ynmd neerds-
+ - . , : 9 Otmbst_shnm-
Sgd QQ bncd hr trdc enq c_s_ hmots vhsg nmkx svn chfhsr enq sgd xd_q- Hs hr hmsdmcdc sn cd_k
vhsg svn,chfhs xd_qr adenqd _mc _esdq 1///- Hs qntmcr sgd bdmstqx a_rdc nm sgd btqqdms xd_q
_mc sgd svn,chfhs xd_q+ dmsdqdc _r enkknvr9
He sgd btqqdms xd_q hr fqd_sdq sg_m nq dpt_k sn 4/ _mc sgd svn,chfhs xd_q hr kdrr sg_m 4/+
sgd bdmstqx hr qntmcdc to sn sgd mdws bdmstqx-
He sgd btqqdms xd_q hr fqd_sdq sg_m nq dpt_k sn 4/ _mc sgd svn,chfhs xd_q hr fqd_sdq sg_m
nq dpt_k sn 4/+ sgd bdmstqx hr tmbg_mfdc-
033 Bg_osdq 2 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr
He sgd btqqdms xd_q hr kdrr sg_m 4/ _mc sgd svn,chfhs xd_q hr kdrr sg_m 4/+ sgd bdmstqx hr
tmbg_mfdc-
He sgd btqqdms xd_q hr kdrr sg_m 4/ _mc sgd svn,chfhs xd_q hr fqd_sdq sg_m nq dpt_k sn 4/+
sgd bdmstqx hr qntmcdc cnvm sn sgd oqduhntr bdmstqx-
Rn+ he sgd btqqdms xd_q hr 1//8 ’kdrr sg_m 4/( _mc sgd svn,chfhs xd_q hr dmsdqdc _r 51
’fqd_sdq sg_m nq dpt_k sn 4/(+ sgd xd_q hr hmsdqoqdsdc _r 0851-
Enq _mx ne sgd mtldqhb bncdr+ sgd nqchm_k _mc.nq rodkkdc,nts qdoqdrdms_shnm b_m ad chr,
ok_xdc vhsg sgd lnchdq bncdr sg ’enq nqchm_k( _mc ro ’enq rodkkdc nts(- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd9
RXRC SD LNMSG C X XD Q
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
02,Itk,1/02 059/0911 Rdudmsg 02SG Svn SgntrZmc Sghqsddm
Enq _mx ne sgd rodkkdc,nts vnqcr nq nqchm_kr+ b_rd enkknvr sgd o_ssdqm ne sgd qrs svn
bg_q_bsdqr hm sgd bncd- He sgd qrs svn bg_q_bsdqr _qd toodqb_rd+ sgd rodkkdc,nts vnqcr _qd _kk
toodqb_rd- He sgd qrs svn bg_q_bsdqr _qd knvdqb_rd+ sgd rodkkdc,nts vnqcr _qd _kk knvdqb_rd-
He sgd qrs svn bg_q_bsdqr _qd toodqb_rd _mc sgdm knvdqb_rd+ sgd rodkkdc,nts vnqcr g_ud sgd
qrs kdssdq hm toodqb_rd _mc sgd qdl_hmhmf bg_q_bsdqr hm knvdqb_rd-
S_akd 2-7 rgnvr rdudq_k dw_lokdr ne trhmf sgd cheedqdms c_sd enql_s lncdkr vhsg sgd
SN^BG Q etmbshnm- Okd_rd o_x bknrd _ssdmshnm sn sgd enql_s lncdk _mc qdrtks sn tmcdqrs_mc sgd
enql_s,lncdk bg_q_bsdqhrshbr- Sgd enql_s lncdk hr _ookhdc sn sgd c_sd Stdrc_x /0,?OQ,1//7-
Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Bnmudqrhnm Etmbshnmr 034
£!Nm sgd !CCRosg! CZx ne !LNMSG!+ !XXXX£ Nm sgd EHQRS CZx ne OQHK+ 1//7
£!Nm sgd !CcRosg! CZx ne !ELLnmsg!+ !XXXX£ Nm sgd Ehqrs CZx ne oqhk+ 1//7
£!SncZx hr vddj! VV !Zmc cZx! CCC£ SncZx hr vddj 03 Zmc cZx /81
Mtladq Bnmudqrhnm
He dwoq hr _ mtladq+ els hr _ mtldqhb enql_s bncd- S_akd 2-8 khrsr sgdrd bncdr-
- Odqhnc+ enq trd _r sgd cdbhl_k bg_q_bsdq- Hs b_mmns _ood_q lnqd sg_m
nmbd nq sn sgd kdes ne _ fqnto rdo_q_snq-
C Knb_k cdbhl_k bg_q_bsdq: bntkc ad bnll_ ’+( nq odqhnc ’-(- Nmkx nmd C hr
_kknvdc hm sgd enql_s lncdk-
LH Mdf_shud _r _ sq_hkhmf lhmtr- B_m _ood_q nmkx hm sgd k_rs onrhshnm ne sgd
enql_s lncdk-
OQ Mdf_shud hm _mfkd aq_bjdsr ’; =(- B_m _ood_q nmkx hm sgd k_rs onrhshnm ne
sgd enql_s lncdk-
R Mdf_shud _r _ kd_chmf lhmtr- B_m _ood_q nmkx hm sgd ehqrs nq k_rs onrhshnm
ne sgd enql_s lncdk-
W Gdw_cdbhl_k-
mkroZql b_m hmbktcd MKR^MTLDQHB^BG Q BSDQR enq rodbhexhmf cdbhl_k _mc fqntohmf rxl,
ankr ’enql_s rxlankr C _mc F+ qdrodbshudkx(+ MKR^BTQQDMBX enq rodbhexhmf sgd btqqdmbx rxlank
’enql_s rxlank K(+ _mc MKR^HRN^BTQQDMBX enq rodbhexhmf sgd HRN hmsdqm_shnm_k btqqdmbx
rxlank ’enql_s rxlank B(- Sgd MKR^BTQQDMBX rxlank _mc sgd MKR^HRN^BTQQDMBX lmdlnmhb
_qd eqdptdmskx cheedqdms- Enq dw_lokd+ sgd MKR^BTQQDMBX rxlank enq T-R- cnkk_qr hr #+ ats sghr
rxlank hr mns tmhptdkx ?ldqhb_m+ rn sgd HRN rxlank enq T-R- cnkk_qr hr TRC-
A K MBD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
CL//0-123+45,
S_akd 2-0/ rgnvr rdudq_k dw_lokdr ne trhmf sgd cheedqdms mtldqhb enql_s lncdkr- Sn tmcdq,
rs_mc sgd enql_s,lncdk bg_q_bsdqhrshbr+ o_x bknrd _ssdmshnm sn sgd enql_s lncdk _mc qdrtks-
SN^BKNA
SN^BKNA &£;w=£( bnmudqsr hmots u_ktd sn _ BKNA c_s_sxod u_ktd- Sgd _qftldms w b_m ad
ne sxod BG Q+ U QBG Q1+ MBKNA+ MBG Q+ MU QBG Q1+ nq BKNA- BKNA c_s_sxodr _qd chrbtrrdc hm
Bg_osdq 6+ 'Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr-–
SN^C?SD
SN^C SD&;b= @+;els= @+;mkroZql=\ \( s_jdr sgqdd _qftldmsr+ vgdqd b hr _ bg_q_bsdq
rsqhmf+ els hr _ enql_s rsqhmf rodbhexhmf sgd enql_s sg_s b _ood_qr hm ’qdedq sn S_akd 2-6+
'C_sd Enql_s Bncdr–(+ _mc mkroZql rodbhdr k_mft_fd, nq knb_shnm,enql_sshmf bnmudm,
shnmr- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr b bnmudqsdc hmsn sgd C?SD c_s_sxod-
037 Bg_osdq 2 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr
He xnt nlhs els+ b rgntkc ad hm sgd cde_tks c_sd enql_s ’_r cdmdc hm MKR^C SD^ENQL S
nq cdqhudc eqnl MKR^SDQQHSNQX(- Hs hr _kv_xr _ fnnc oq_bshbd sn rodbhex sgd enql_s l_rj
vgdm trhmf sgd SN^C SD etmbshnm-
C SDDW LOKD
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C SDDW LOKD
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Vgdm xnt trd sgd SN^C SD etmbshnm _mc rodbhex _ enql_s l_rj+ Nq_bkd vhkk sqx rnld
_cchshnm_k enql_sr he sgd c_s_ hm sgd hmots rsqhmf cndr mns l_sbg sgd nqhfhm_k enql_s- Enq
sgd LL enql_s+ Nq_bkd vhkk sqx sgd LNM _mc LNMSG enql_sr- Sgd LNM nq LNMSG enql_sr b_m
ad trdc hmsdqbg_mfd_akx- Enq sgd XX _mc QQ enql_sr+ Nq_bkd vhkk sqx XXXX _mc QQQQ-
?cchmf sgd EW enql_s lncdk sn sgd SN^C SD etmbshnm vhkk qdpthqd sgd hmots ad fhudm hm
sgd dw_bs enql_s+ hmbktchmf ro_bdr _mc otmbst_shnm bg_q_bsdqr-
S_akd 2-00 rgnvr dw_lokdr ne sgd SN^C SD etmbshnm _mc sgdhq qdrtkshmf c_sdr-
Trhmf sgd I enql_s _knmf vhsg sgd SN^BG Q _mc SN^C SD etmbshnmr+ xnt b_m chrok_x _mx
mtladq adsvddm 0 _mc 4+262+373 hm vnqcr- Sgd khlhs hr adb_trd Nq_bkd rtoonqsr c_sdr
adsvddm I_mt_qx 0+ 3601 A B-+ _mc . C Cdbdladq 20+ 8888-
RXRC SD ITKH M
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02,ITK,02 059/0911 1345376
04 Bg_osdq 2 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr
Sgd RO enql_s vhkk rodkk sgd c_sd- Ax bnlahmhmf sgd I _mc IRO enql_sr+ xnt b_m rodkk _
mtladq- Mnshbd sgd trd ne % hm sgd RPK bncd- Xnt qtm sgd RPK ltkshokd shldr sn hmots
cheedqdms u_ktdr- Mdf_shud mtladqr b_mmns ad bnmudqsdc sn Itkh_m c_sdr-
MTL^SN^RODKK
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sgqdd sgntrZmc entq gtmcqdc ehesx,rhw
RPK= .
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MTL^SN^RODKK
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ehud lhkkhnm svdmsx,sgqdd sgntrZmc entq gtmcqdc ehesx,rhw
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RDKDBS SN^BG Q&SN^C SD&,345+ £I£(+ £iro£( mtl^sn^rodkk
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SN^CRHMSDQU?K
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_mc mkroZql rodbhdr sgd cdbhl_k _mc fqnto rdo_q_snq bg_q_bsdqr- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr
b bnmudqsdc hmsn _m HMSDQU K C X SN RDBNMC c_s_sxod-
S_akd 2-01 rgnvr dw_lokdr sn cdlnmrsq_sd sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm trhmf sgd CC^LNMSGR
etmbshnm _mc sgd SN^XLHMSDQU K etmbshnm-
Dwoqdrrhnm Qdrtks
CC^LNMSGR&£17,EDA,1//6£+01( 18,EDA,1//7
CC^LNMSGR&£18,EDA,1//7£+01( 17,EDA,1//8
TMHRSQ
TMHRSQ&;b=( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd b hr _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr
b hm Tmhbncd hm sgd c_s_a_rd Tmhbncd bg_q_bsdq rds- Hmbktcd TBR1 bg_q_bsdqr ax oqdodmc,
hmf _ a_bjrk_rg ’[( sn sgd bg_q_bsdq&r mtldqhb bncd- Hmbktcd sgd a_bjrk_rg bg_q_bsdq ax
rodbhexhmf svn a_bjrk_rgdr ’[[(-
TM TM TMHRSQ&£B
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043 Bg_osdq 2 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
AEHKDM LD Qdstqmr sgd AEHKD knb_snq enq sgd rodbhehdc ehkd _mc chqdbsnqx
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
AEHKDM?LD
AEHKDM LD&chq+ ehkd( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd chq hr _ chqdbsnqx _mc ehkd hr _ kd,
m_ld- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr _m dlosx AEHKD knb_snq- Sghr etmbshnm hr trdc sn hmhsh_khyd _
AEHKD u_qh_akd nq AEHKD bnktlm hm _ s_akd- Vgdm sghr etmbshnm hr trdc+ sgd AEHKD hr hmrs_m,
sh_sdc- Mdhsgdq chq mnq ehkd mddcr sn dwhrs _s sgd shld AEHKDM LD hr b_kkdc+ ats ansg ltrs
dwhrs vgdm sgd knb_snq hr trdc- Vd&kk chrbtrr sgd AEHKD c_s_sxod hm Bg_osdq 6-
CDBNCD
CDBNCD hr _ bnmchshnm_k etmbshnm- Vd chrbtrrdc sgd B RD bnmchshnm_k dwoqdrrhnm hm
Bg_osdq 1-
CDBNCD&w +l0+ q0 @+l1 +q1\–@+c\( b_m trd ltkshokd _qftldmsr- w hr _m dwoqdrrhnm-
l0 hr _ l_sbghmf dwoqdrrhnm sn bnlo_qd vhsg w- He l0 hr dpthu_kdms sn w+ sgdm q0 hr qdstqmdc:
nsgdqvhrd+ _cchshnm_k l_sbghmf dwoqdrrhnmr ’l1+ l2+ l3+ _mc rn nm( _qd bnlo_qdc+ he sgdx
_qd hmbktcdc+ _mc sgd bnqqdronmchmf qdrtks ’q1+ q2+ q3+ _mc rn nm( hr qdstqmdc- He mn l_sbg hr
entmc _mc sgd cde_tks dwoqdrrhnm c hr hmbktcdc+ sgdm c hr qdstqmdc- Sghr etmbshnm _bsr khjd _
bZrd rs_sdldms hm B+ O_rb_k+ nq ?c_- CDBNCD hr _ onvdqetk snnk sg_s b_m l_jd RPK udqx de,
bhdms…nq udqx cdmrd _mc mnmhmsthshud- Kds&r knnj _s rnld dw_lokdr sn gdko bk_qhex hsr trd-
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd ptdqhdr sgd BNTMSQHDR s_akd _mc chrok_xr _ qdfhnm m_ld a_rdc
nm sgd qdfhnm^hc bnktlm u_ktd- He sgd qdfhnm^hc bnktlm u_ktd cndr mns l_sbg sgd u_ktdr
hm sgd khrs+ xnt v_ms sn chrok_x Nsgdq- Sn khlhs sgd qnvr hm sgd ntsots+ xnt trd sgd RTARSQ
etmbshnm sn hcdmshex sgd bntmsqx bncdr sg_s adfhm vhsg H nq dmc vhsg Q-
K RS^M LD CTLO^DW
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Ingmrnm Sxo<0 Kdm<69 63+000+0/3+00/+004+000+00/
Inmdr Sxo<0 Kdm<49 63+000+00/+0/0+004
K RS^M LD CTLO^DW
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Ingmrnm Sxo<0 Kdm<6 BgZqZbsdqRds<VD7LRVHM01419 g+m+r
Inmdr Sxo<0 Kdm<4 BgZqZbsdqRds<VD7LRVHM01419 m+d+r
DLOSX^AKNA
DLOSX^AKNA&( s_jdr mn _qftldmsr- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr _m dlosx AKNA knb_snq- Sghr
etmbshnm hr trdc sn hmhsh_khyd _ AKNA u_qh_akd nq AKNA bnktlm hm _ s_akd- Vgdm trdc+ sgd
AKNA hr hmrs_msh_sdc ats mns onotk_sdc-
DLOSX^BKNA
DLOSX^BKNA&( s_jdr mn _qftldmsr- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr _m dlosx BKNA knb_snq- Sghr
etmbshnm hr trdc sn hmhsh_khyd _ BKNA u_qh_akd nq BKNA bnktlm hm _ s_akd- Vgdm trdc+ sgd
BKNA hr hmrs_msh_sdc ats mns onotk_sdc-
FQD?SDRS
FQD SDRS&dwo^khrs( s_jdr nmd _qftldms+ vgdqd dwo^khrs hr _ khrs ne dwoqdrrhnmr- Sghr
etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd dwoqdrrhnm sg_s rnqsr ghfgdrs hm sgd c_s_sxod ne sgd qrs dwoqdrrhnm- He
sgd qrs dwoqdrrhnm hr _mx ne sgd bg_q_bsdq c_s_sxodr+ _ U QBG Q1 hr qdstqmdc+ _mc sgd bnl,
o_qhrnm qtkdr enq U QBG Q1 _qd trdc enq bg_q_bsdq,khsdq_k rsqhmfr- ? MTKK hm sgd dwoqdrrhnm
khrs qdrtksr hm _ MTKK adhmf qdstqmdc-
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd rgnvr xnt sg_s sgd khrs v_r sqd_sdc _r _ bg_q_bsdq khrs _mc mns _
c_sd+ dudm sgntfg xnt g_c _kk c_sd u_ktdr _r hmots9
FQD SDRS&
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Hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd+ adb_trd sgd qrs _qftldms hr mtldqhb+ Nq_bkd sqhdr sn bnmudqs
sgd qdrs ne sgd khrs sn mtldqhb _mc dmbntmsdqr _m dqqnq9
Hm sgd mdws dw_lokd+ vd bg_mfdc sgd nqcdq sn g_ud sgd bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf _r sgd qrs dmsqx
hm sgd khrs: gdmbd+ Nq_bkd bnmrhcdqr sgd qdrs ne sgd khrs sn ad bg_q_bsdqr _mc cndr mns oqnctbd
_m dqqnq9
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KD?RS
KD RS&dwo^khrs( s_jdr nmd _qftldms+ vgdqd dwo^khrs hr _ khrs ne dwoqdrrhnmr- Sghr etmb,
shnm qdstqmr sgd dwoqdrrhnm sg_s rnqsr knvdrs hm sgd c_s_sxod ne sgd qrs dwoqdrrhnm- He sgd
qrs dwoqdrrhnm hr _mx ne sgd bg_q_bsdq c_s_sxodr+ _ U QBG Q1 hr qdstqmdc-
NKCDRS
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NQ?^G?RG
NQ ^G RG &dwoq @+lZw^atbjds @+rddc\\( b_m s_jd sgqdd _qftldmsr- Sgd qrs _qftldms+
dwoq+ hr _m dwoqdrrhnm vgnrd g_rg u_ktd vhkk ad b_kbtk_sdc _mc _rrhfmdc sn _ atbjds- Sgd
l_whltl atbjds u_ktd hr cdsdqlhmdc ax sgd rdbnmc _qftldms+ lZw^atbjds: sgd cde_tks
_mc l_whltl hr 3+183+856+184- Sgd rddc _qftldms dm_akdr Nq_bkd sn fdmdq_sd l_mx che,
edqdms qdrtksr enq sgd r_ld rdsr ne c_s_- Sgd g_rg etmbshnm hr _ookhdc sn dwoq _mc rddc- Sgd
rddc b_m ad adsvddm / _mc 3+183+856+184-
Sghr etmbshnm hr trdetk enq fdsshmf _ q_mcnl r_lokd ne qnvr eqnl _ s_akd- Hm sgd enkknv,
hmf dw_lokd+ xnt b_m fds _ edv q_mcnl qnvr eqnl sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd- Mnshbd sgd cheedq,
dmbd hm qdrtks enq d_bg qtm _mc vhsg cheedqdms rddc u_ktdr- Sgd qnvr hm sgd s_akd _qd chuhcdc
hmsn 1/ atbjdsr ’/ sgqntfg 08( a_rdc nm sgd g_rg u_ktd+ _mc xnt _qd rdkdbshmf sgd qnvr
eqnl atbjds /-
RXR^BNMSDWS
RXR^BNMSDWS&m + o @+ kdmfsg\( b_m s_jd sgqdd _qftldmsr+ vgdqd m hr _ m_ldro_bd+ o hr
_ o_q_ldsdq _rrnbh_sdc vhsg m_ldro_bd m+ _mc kdmfsg hr sgd kdmfsg ne sgd qdstqm u_ktd hm
axsdr- kdmfsg cde_tksr sn 145- Sgd athks,hm m_ldro_bd hm Nq_bkd hr b_kkdc TRDQDMU+ vghbg
cdrbqhadr sgd btqqdms rdrrhnm- Sgd qdstqm c_s_sxod hr U QBG Q1-
RXR^BNMSDWS&£TRDQDMU£+£HO^ CCQDRR£(
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etmbshnm-
O_q_ldsdq Cdrbqhoshnm
TCHSDC^BTQRNQHC Qdstqmr sgd btqrnq HC ne sgd RPK bncd sg_s sqhffdqdc sgd
_tchshmf-
O_q_ldsdq Cdrbqhoshnm
AF^INA^HC Qdstqmr sgd ina HC ’sg_s hr+ CA ^INAR( he sgd rdrrhnm v_r bqd,
_sdc ax _ a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrr- Qdstqmr MTKK he sgd rdrrhnm
hr _ enqdfqntmc rdrrhnm- Rdd _krn EF^INA^HC-
BTQQDMS^RPK^KDMFSG Qdstqmr sgd kdmfsg ne sgd btqqdms RPK sg_s sqhffdqdc ehmd,
fq_hmdc _tchshmf-
DMSDQOQHRD^HCDMSHSX Qdstqmr NHC CM enq dmsdqoqhrd trdqr+ enq knb_k trdqr MTKK-
FKNA K^BNMSDWS^LDLNQX Qdstqmr sgd mtladq hm sgd RF? ax sgd fkna_kkx _bbdrrhakd
bnmsdws-
O_q_ldsdq Cdrbqhoshnm
GNRS Qdstqmr sgd gnrsm_ld ne sgd l_bghmd eqnl vgdqd sgd bkhdms
bnmmdbsdc- Sghr hr mns sgd r_ld sdqlhm_k hm U#RDRRHNM-
HCDMSHEHB SHNM^SXOD Qdstqmr gnv sgd trdq hr rds sn _tsgdmshb_sd hm sgd c_s_a_rd9
KNB K+ DWSDQM K+ nq FKNA K-
HMRS MBD Qdstqmr sgd hmrs_mbd mtladq enq sgd hmrs_mbd sn vghbg
sgd rdrrhnm hr bnmmdbsdc- Sghr hr _kv_xr 0 tmkdrr xnt _qd
qtmmhmf Nq_bkd Qd_k ?ookhb_shnm Bktrsdqr-
HO^ CCQDRR Qdstqmr sgd HO _ccqdrr ne sgd l_bghmd eqnl vgdqd sgd
bkhdms bnmmdbsdc-
MKR^C SD^ENQL S Qdstqmr sgd c_sd enql_s enq sgd btqqdms rdrrhnm-
MKR^C SD^K MFT FD Qdstqmr sgd k_mft_fd trdc enq chrok_xhmf c_sdr-
O_q_ldsdq Cdrbqhoshnm
OQNWX^FNKA K^THC Qdstqmr sgd fkna_k trdq HC eqnl NHC enq Dmsdqoqhrd Trdq
Rdbtqhsx oqnwx trdqr-
OQNWX^TRDQ Qdstqmr sgd m_ld ne sgd c_s_a_rd trdq vgn nodmdc sgd
btqqdms rdrrhnm enq sgd rdrrhnm trdq-
OQNWX^TRDQHC Qdstqmr sgd mtldqhb HC enq sgd c_s_a_rd trdq vgn nodmdc
sgd btqqdms rdrrhnm enq sgd rdrrhnm trdq-
RDQUHBD^M LD Qdstqmr sgd m_ld ne sgd rdquhbd vgdqd sgd rdrrhnm hr bnm,
mdbsdc-
SDQLHM K Qdstqmr sgd sdqlhm_k hcdmshehdq enq sgd btqqdms rdrrhnm- Sghr
hr sgd r_ld _r sgd sdqlhm_k hm U#RDRRHNM-
RXR^BNMSDWS&£TRDQDMU£+£NR^TRDQ£(
RXR^BNMSDWS&£TRDQDMU£+£BTQQDMS^RBGDL £(
RXR^BNMSDWS&£TRDQDMU£+£GNRS£(
RXR^BNMSDWS&£TRDQDMU£+£MKR^SDQQHSNQX£(
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RXR^FTHC
RXR^FTHC&( fdmdq_sdr _ fkna_kkx tmhptd hcdmshdq _r _ Q?V u_ktd- Sghr etmbshnm hr trdetk
enq bqd_shmf _ tmhptd hcdmshdq sn hcdmshex _ qnv- RXR^FTHC&( qdstqmr _ 21,ahs gdw_cdbhl_k
qdoqdrdms_shnm ne sgd 05,axsd Q?V u_ktd-
RXR^FTHC&(
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BC 67 /1/C5D32 5 A632 4BD7BA7B44
RXR^FTHC&(
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CB6B08 2 C153BD073B53083D54E72D4
THC
THC s_jdr mn o_q_ldsdqr _mc qdstqmr sgd hmsdfdq trdq HC enq sgd btqqdms trdq bnmmdbsdc
sn sgd rdrrhnm- Sgd trdq HC tmhptdkx hcdmshdr d_bg trdq hm _ c_s_a_rd _mc b_m ad rdkdbsdc
eqnl sgd CA ^TRDQR uhdv-
TRDQ
TRDQ s_jdr mn o_q_ldsdqr _mc qdstqmr _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf bnms_hmhmf sgd trdqm_ld enq sgd
btqqdms trdq-
TRDQDMU
TRDQDMU’nos( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd nos hr nmd ne sgd enkknvhmf noshnmr9
HRCA qdstqmr SQTD he sgd RXRCA qnkd hr dm_akdc hm sgd btqqdms rdrrhnm-
RDRRHNMHC qdstqmr sgd TCRHC _tchshmf rdrrhnm hcdmshehdq-
DMSQXHC qdstqmr sgd _tchshmf dmsqx hcdmshehdq he _tchshmf hr dm_akdc enq sgd hmrs_mbd ’sgd
hmhs-nqZ o_q_ldsdq TCHS^SQ HK hr rds sn SQTD(-
HMRS MBD qdstqmr sgd hmrs_mbd hcdmshehdq sn vghbg sgd rdrrhnm hr bnmmdbsdc- Sghr noshnm
hr trdetk nmkx he xnt _qd qtmmhmf sgd Nq_bkd O_q_kkdk Rdqudq _mc g_ud ltkshokd hmrs_mbdr-
K MFT FD qdstqmr sgd k_mft_fd+ sdqqhsnqx+ _mc c_s_a_rd bg_q_bsdq rds- Sgd cdkhlhsdqr _qd
_m tmcdqrbnqd ’^( adsvddm k_mft_fd _mc sdqqhsnqx _mc _ odqhnc ’-( adsvddm sgd sdqqhsnqx
_mc bg_q_bsdq rds-
K MF qdstqmr sgd HRN _aaqduh_shnm ne sgd rdrrhnm&r k_mft_fd-
SDQLHM K qdstqmr _ U QBG Q1 rsqhmf bnms_hmhmf hmenql_shnm bnqqdronmchmf sn sgd nodq,
_shmf rxrsdl hcdmshehdq enq sgd btqqdms rdrrhnm&r sdqlhm_k-
Sgd noshnm b_m _ood_q hm toodqb_rd+ knvdqb_rd+ nq lhwdc b_rd- Sgd TRDQDMU etmbshnm
g_r addm cdoqdb_sdc rhmbd Nq_bkd 8h- Hs hr qdbnlldmcdc sn trd sgd RXR^BNMSDWS etmbshnm
vhsg sgd athks,hm TRDQDMU m_ldro_bd hmrsd_c-
URHYD
URHYD&w( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd w hr _m dwoqdrrhnm- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd rhyd
hm axsdr ne sgd hmsdqm_k qdoqdrdms_shnm ne sgd w-
EQNL dloknxddr
VGDQD kZrs^mZld khjd £J$£:
Adb_trd sgd c_s_a_rd bg_q_bsdq rds hr rhmfkd,axsd+ sgd axsd trdc enq d_bg bg_q_bsdq hr 0:
gdmbd+ sgd rhyd rgnvm gdqd hr _bst_kkx sgd mtladq ne bg_q_bsdqr hm sgd hmots- Enq ltkshaxsd
bg_q_bsdqr+ sghr vntkc ad cheedqdms-
Rtll_qx
Sghr bg_osdq hmsqnctbdc rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr- Hs rs_qsdc ax chrbtrrhmf sgd etmbshnmr _u_hk,
_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b sn g_mckd MTKKr- Sgdm hs chrbtrrdc sgd rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr
_u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b ax fqntohmf sgdl hmsn bg_q_bsdq+ mtldqhb+ c_sd+ _mc
bnmudqrhnm etmbshnmr-
Xnt kd_qmdc sg_s rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr qdstqm _ u_ktd enq d_bg qnv _r hs hr qdsqhdudc eqnl
sgd s_akd- Xnt b_m trd rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr sn hmsdqoqds MTKK u_ktdr+ enql_s ntsots+ bnmudqs
c_s_sxodr+ sq_mrenql c_s_+ odqenql c_sd _qhsgldshb+ fhud dmuhqnmldms hmenql_shnm+ _mc
odqenql sqhfnmnldsqhb b_kbtk_shnmr-
Xnt b_m trd rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr hm sgd RDKDBS+ VGDQD+ _mc NQCDQ AX bk_trdr ne RDKDBS
rs_sdldmsr- Vd bnudqdc sgd qhbg _rrnqsldms ne etmbshnmr _u_hk_akd hm d_bg c_s_sxod b_sdfnqx
_mc rnld etmbshnmr sg_s vnqj nm _mx c_s_sxod-
Sgd MUK+ MUK1+ _mc BN KDRBD etmbshnmr hmsdqoqds MTKK u_ktdr-
Sgd rhmfkd,qnv bg_q_bsdq etmbshnmr nodq_sd nm bg_q_bsdq hmots- Sgd HMRSQ etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd onrhshnm ne _ rtarsqhmf vhsghm sgd rsqhmf- Sgd RTARSQ etmbshnm qdstqmr _ onqshnm
ne sgd rsqhmf- HMRSQ _mc RTARSQ _qd fqd_s enq dwsq_bshmf o_qs ne sgd hmots rsqhmf- QDOK BD
_mc SQ MRK SD sq_mrenql sgd hmots-
Rhmfkd,qnv mtldqhb etmbshnmr nodq_sd nm mtldqhb hmots- EKNNQ+ BDHK+ QNTMC+ _mc SQTMB fds
sgd md_qdrs mtladq- EKNNQ+ BDHK+ _mc QNTMC qdstqm sgd md_qdrs hmsdfdq+ vgdqd_r QNTMC qdstqmr
_ u_ktd qntmcdc sn bdqs_hm chfhsr ne oqdbhrhnm- QDL HMCDQ _mc LNC _qd rhlhk_q etmbshnmr-
C_sd etmbshnmr nodq_sd nm c_sdshld u_ktdr- RXRC SD _mc RXRSHLDRS LO u_ktdr qdstqm
sgd btqqdms c_sd _mc shld- LNMSGR^ADSVDDM mcr sgd mtladq ne lnmsgr adsvddm svn c_sd
u_ktdr- CC^LNMSGR hr _ bnllnmkx trdc etmbshnm _mc b_m _cc lnmsgr sn nq rtasq_bs lnmsgr
eqnl _ c_sd- Xnt b_m trd QNTMC _mc SQTMB nm c_sdshld u_ktdr sn mc sgd md_qdrs c_sd+
lnmsg+ nq xd_q-
057 Bg_osdq 2 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr
Ne sgd bnmudqrhnm etmbshnmr+ SN^BG Q _mc SN^C SD _qd sgd lnrs bnllnmkx trdc- Vd
_krn qduhdvdc sgd enql_s bncdr sg_s b_m ad trdc vhsg mtldqhb _mc c_sdshld u_ktdr-
Sgd CDBNCD etmbshnm du_kt_sdr _ bnmchshnm+ _mc xnt b_m d_rhkx athkc HE–SGDM–DKRD knfhb
hmsn RPK trhmf sgd CDBNCD etmbshnm-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Tmcdqrs_mc vgdqd rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr b_m ad trdc- Rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr b_m ad trdc hm
sgd RDKDBS+ VGDQD+ _mc NQCDQ AX bk_trdr ne RDKDBS rs_sdldmsr-
Jmnv sgd deedbsr sg_s MTKK u_ktdr b_m g_ud nm _qhsgldshb _mc nsgdq etmbshnmr- ?mx
_qhsgldshb nodq_shnm nm _ MTKK qdrtksr hm _ MTKK- Sghr hr sqtd ne lnrs etmbshnmr _r vdkk-
Trd sgd MUK+ MUK1+ _mc BN KDRBD etmbshnmr sn cd_k vhsg MTKKr-
Qduhdv sgd bg_q_bsdq,l_mhotk_shnm etmbshnmr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd _qftldmsr _mc sgd qdrtksr
ne trhmf bg_q_bsdq,l_mhotk_shnm etmbshnmr rtbg _r HMRSQ+ RTARSQ+ QDOK BD+ _mc SQ MRK SD-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd mtldqhb etmbshnmr- Jmnv sgd deedbsr ne trhmf SQTMB _mc QNTMC vhsg ,m _r
sgd rdbnmc _qftldms- ?krn oq_bshbd trhmf KDMFSG _mc HMRSQ+ vghbg qdstqm mtldqhb qdrtksr+
hmrhcd RTARSQ _mc nsgdq bg_q_bsdq etmbshnmr-
Jmnv gnv c_sd _qhsgldshb vnqjr- Vgdm _cchmf nq rtasq_bshmf mtldqhb u_ktdr eqnl
_ C?SD c_s_sxod+ vgnkd mtladqr qdoqdrdms c_xr- ?krn+ sgd c_sd.shld hmsdqu_kr HMSDQU K
XD Q SN LNMSG _mc HMSDQU K C X SN RDBNMC b_m ad _ccdc nq rtasq_bsdc eqnl c_sd.shld
c_s_sxodr- Xnt mddc sn jmnv gnv sn hmsdqoqds _mc bqd_sd dwoqdrrhnmr sg_s _cc hmsdqu_kr sn
nq rtasq_bs hmsdqu_kr eqnl c_sdr-
Jmnv sgd c_s_sxodr enq sgd u_qhntr c_sd.shld etmbshnmr- Nq_bkd g_r l_mx c_sd.shld
etmbshnmr sn rtoonqs sgd c_sd.shld c_s_sxodr- Xnt mddc sn jmnv sgd qdstqm c_s_sxodr enq
sgdrd etmbshnmr- RXRC SD _mc BTQQDMS^C SD qdstqm _ C SD c_s_sxod- BTQQDMS^SHLDRS LO
_mc RXRSHLDRS LO qdstqm _ SHLDRS LO VHSG SHLD YNMD c_s_sxod- KNB KSHLDRS LO qdstqmr
_ SHLDRS LO c_s_sxod-
Jmnv sgd enql_s lncdkr enq bnmudqshmf c_sdr sn.eqnl bg_q_bsdq rsqhmfr- Hm oq_bshbd+ xnt
b_m rhlokx knnj to enql_s bncdr hm _ qdedqdmbd- Enq sgd bdqshb_shnm dw_l+ xnt ltrs g_ud
sgdl ldlnqhydc-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd trd ne sgd CDBNCD etmbshnm- CDBNCD _bsr khjd _ bZrd rs_sdldms hm B+ O_rb_k+
nq ?c_- Kd_qm gnv sghr etmbshnm vnqjr _mc gnv sn trd hs-
Kd_qm sgd BN KDRBD _mc sgd MUK1 etmbshnmr- ?kk sgd MTKK,qdk_sdc etmbshnmr _qd hlonqs_ms-
O_x o_qshbtk_q _ssdmshnm sn BN KDRBD _mc MUK1- Sqx nts u_qhntr dw_lokdr-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 058
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Xnt v_ms sn chrok_x d_bg oqnidbs&r rs_qs c_sd _r sgd c_x+ vddj+ mtladq+ _mc xd_q-
Vghbg rs_sdldms vhkk fhud ntsots khjd sgd enkknvhmf>
3- Vghbg rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnm bntkc xnt trd sn qdstqm _ rodbhehb onqshnm ne _ bg_q_bsdq
rsqhmf>
?- HMRSQ
A- RTARSQ
B- KO C
C- KD RS
4- Sgd c_s_ hm sgd OQNCTBS s_akd hr _r cdrbqhadc gdqd- Sgd anmtr _lntms hr b_kbtk_sdc _r
sgd kdrrdq ne 4 odqbdms ne sgd a_rd oqhbd nq 1/ odqbdms ne sgd rtqbg_qfd-
5- Vghbg etmbshnm’r( _bbdos _qftldmsr ne _mx c_s_sxod> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- RTARSQ
A- MUK
B- QNTMC
C- CDBNCD
D- RHFM
K RS^M LD EHQRS^M LD R K QX
,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
LZuqhr RtrZm 54//
Ghffhmr Rgdkkdx 01///
SnahZr RhfZk
BnkldmZqdr JZqdm 14//
Vdhrr LZssgdv 7///
Lntqfnr Jduhm 47//
Qnfdqr LhbgZdk 18//
Rshkdr Rsdogdm 21//
Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf RPK hmrsqtbshnmr+ _mc bgnnrd sgd adrs noshnm9
8- Vghbg svn etmbshnmr bntkc xnt trd sn rsqho kd_chmf bg_q_bsdqr eqnl _ bg_q_bsdq rsqhmf>
’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- KSQHL
A- RTARSQ
B- QSQHL
C- HMRSQ
D- RSQHO
00- Vghbg RPK rs_sdldms vhkk qdok_bd sgd k_rs svn bg_q_bsdqr ne kZrs^mZld vhsg £WW£ hm
sgd dloknxddr s_akd vgdm dwdbtsdc>
?- RDKDBS QSQHL&kZrs^mZld+ RTARSQ&kZrs^mZld+ KDMFSG&kZrs^mZld(,0(( {{ £WW£
mdv^bnk EQNL dloknxddr:
A- RDKDBS QDOK BD&kZrs^mZld+ RTARSQ&kZrs^mZld+ KDMFSG&kZrs^mZld(,0(+ £WW£(
mdv^bnk EQNL dloknxddr:
B- RDKDBS QDOK BD&RTARSQ&kZrs^mZld+ KDMFSG&kZrs^mZld(,0(+ £WW£( mdv^bnk
EQNL dloknxddr:
C- RDKDBS BNMB S&RTARSQ&kZrs^mZld+ 0+KDMFSG&kZrs^mZld(,1(+ £WW£( mdv^bnk
EQNL dloknxddr:
02- Trhmf sgd R KDRODQRNM^QDUDMTD s_akd cdrbqhadc gdqd+ vghbg rs_sdldmsr vhkk oqnodqkx
chrok_x sgd SNS K^QDUDMTD ’B Q^R KDR * V QQ MSX^R KDR( ne d_bg r_kdrodqrnm>
Jdx Sxod Oj
MTKKr.Tmhptd MM MM
EJ S_akd
03- Vg_s vntkc ad sgd qdrtks ne dwdbtshmf sgd enkknvhmf RPK+ he snc_x&r c_sd vdqd
Edaqt_qx 17+ 1//8>
04- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf svn RPK rs_sdldmsr+ _mc bgnnrd sgd adrs noshnm9
06- Vghbg dwoqdrrhnm vhkk _kv_xr qdstqm sgd c_sd nmd xd_q k_sdq sg_m sgd btqqdms c_sd>
?- RXRC SD * 254
A- RXRC SD * SN^XLHMSDQU K&£/0,//£(
B- BTQQDMS^C SD * 0
C- MDV^SHLD&BTQQDMS^C SD+0+£XD Q£(
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
07- Vghbg etmbshnm vhkk qdstqm _ SHLDRS?LO VHSG SHLD YNMD c_s_sxod>
?- BTQQDMS^SHLDRS LO
A- KNB KSHLDRS LO
B- BTQQDMS^C SD
C- RXRC SD
063 Bg_osdq 2 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr
08- Vghbg rs_sdldms vntkc bg_mfd _kk nbbtqqdmbdr ne sgd rsqhmf £HAL£ sn sgd rsqhmf £RTM£
hm sgd CDRBQHOSHNM bnktlm ne sgd UDMCNQ s_akd>
?- RDKDBS SQ MRK SD&cdrbqhoshnm+ £HAL£+ £RTM£( EQNL udmcnq
A- RDKDBS BNMUDQS&cdrbqhoshnm+ £HAL£+ £RTM£( EQNL udmcnq
B- RDKDBS DWSQ BS&cdrbqhoshnm+ £HAL£+ £RTM£( EQNL udmcnq
C- RDKDBS QDOK BD&cdrbqhoshnm+ £HAL£+ £RTM£( EQNL udmcnq
3
Etmbshnmr
DQQNQ Zs khmd 09
NQ ,//8269 mns Z rhmfkd,fqnto fqnto etmbshnm
Adb_trd xnt trdc _m _ffqdf_sd etmbshnm _mc mnm_ffqdf_sdc bnktlm+ Nq_bkd fdmdq_sdc _m
dqqnq _mc hr sdkkhmf xnt sn fqnto sgd c_s_- Gdqd xnt g_ud sn trd sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd- He xnt
hmbktcd _ fqnto etmbshnm hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd+ xnt b_mmns rdkdbs hmchuhct_k qdrtksr tmkdrr
xnt trd sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd- L_jd rtqd _kk sgd bnktlmr hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd sg_s _qd mns
o_qs ne _ fqnto etmbshnm _qd hmbktcdc hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd- Sgd enkknvhmf RPK bncd khrsr
sgd mtladq ne dloknxddr ax sgdhq cdo_qsldms9
Mnshbd sg_s sgd qnvr _qd qdstqmdc hm mn rodbhb nqcdq- He xnt v_ms sgd qnvr sn ad
_qq_mfdc hm sgd nqcdq ne sgd mtladq ne dloknxddr+ xnt b_m dhsgdq rodbhex sgd _ffqdf_sd
etmbshnm hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd nq trd sgd onrhshnm ne sgd bnktlm+ khjd rn9
Xnt b_mmns trd _ bnktlm _kh_r m_ld nq bnktlm onrhshnm hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd ’_r xnt
b_m hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd(- Sgd enkknvhmf RPK hmrsqtbshnmr trd sgd bnktlm onrhshnm hm sgd
FQNTO AX bk_trd _mc gdmbd fdmdq_sd _m dqqnq9
Sgd enkknvhmf hr _mnsgdq hmu_khc RPK rs_sdldms- Hm sghr dw_lokd+ sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd
trdr _ bnktlm _kh_r+ vghbg hr mns rtoonqsdc- O_x o_qshbtk_q _ssdmshnm sn FQNTO AX ptdr,
shnmr nm sgd bdqshb_shnm dw_l+ adb_trd xnt lhfgs rdd nmd vhsg _ bnktlm _kh_r nq bnktlm
onrhshnm trdc-
Sgd FQNTO AX bnktlm cndr mns g_ud sn ad hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd- Hm lnrs b_rdr+ sgd
qdrtks l_x mns l_jd ltbg rdmrd+ ats xnt lhfgs mddc hs- Hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd+ xnt
_qd b_kbtk_shmf sgd _udq_fd r_k_qx ne dloknxddr hm d_bg cdo_qsldms: xnt cn mns v_ms sn
Tshkhyhmf ?ffqdf_sd Etmbshnmr 070
rg_qd vghbg cdo_qsldms sgd _udq_fd r_k_qx adknmfr sn+ _mc xnt _qd nmkx hmsdqdrsdc hm
jmnvhmf sgd _udq_fd r_k_qhdr hm sgd bnlo_mx ax cdo_qsldms9
UDQ FD^R K QX
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
75/0-22222
304/
6///
08222-2222
84//
0////
0/043
2364-44445
7844-77124
54//
465/
33//
He xnt g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd bnktlm hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd+ Nq_bkd bqd_sdr fqntor vhsghm
fqntor- Sgd nqcdq ne bnktlmr hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd cdsdqlhmdr sgd fqntohmf- Ltkshokd bnk,
tlmr hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd _qd qdpthqdc vgdm xnt g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd mnm_ffqdf_sd bnktlm
hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd- Hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd+ sgd qnvr _qd fqntodc ax sgd cdoZqsldms^hc+
_mc vhsghm d_bg cdo_qsldms sgdx _qd fqntodc ax sgd ina^hc- Sgd RPK rgnvr sgd mtladq ne
cheedqdms inar vhsghm d_bg cdo_qsldms9
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
S_akd 3-1 rtll_qhydr sgd fqnto etmbshnmr _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b sg_s _qd mns
hmbktcdc hm S_akd 3-0- ?ksgntfg sgdx _qd kdrr khjdkx sn _ood_q nm sgd bdqshb_shnm dw_l+ sgdx
_qd rshkk hlonqs_ms sn qduhdv-
Etmbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
Xnt b_m trd _m dwoqdrrhnm nq enqltk_ hm sgd fqnto etmbshnmr- Hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd+
sgd _udq_fd bnlodmr_shnm hmbktchmf bnllhrrhnm hr b_kbtk_sdc enq cdo_qsldms 2/ eqnl sgd
RBNSS-DLO s_akd- Sgd dwoqdrrhnm vhkk ad du_kt_sdc qrs+ _mc hsr qdrtks vhkk ad trdc sn b_kbtk_sd
sgd ld_m- Sn gdko xnt adssdq tmcdqrs_mc sgd dw_lokd+ sgd c_s_ hm cdo_qsldms 2/ hr khrsdc-
CDOSMN R K BNLL
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
2/ 05// 2//
2/ 014/ 4//
2/ 014/ 03//
2/ 174/
2/ 04// /
2/ 84/
CDOSMN UF^BNLO
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
2/ 0822-22222
Qdldladq sg_s fqnto etmbshnmr hfmnqd MTKK u_ktdr- He sgd MUK etmbshnm hr mns trdc+
sgd dloknxddr vhsg mn bnllhrrhnm _qd mns hmbktcdc hm sgd ld_m b_kbtk_shnm- Rdd sgd
qdrtks cheedqdmbd hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd vhsgnts sgd MUK trd9
CDOSMN UF^BNLO
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
2/ 084/
BNTMS
Sgd BNTMS etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w BNTMS&_) { @CHRSHMBS { KK\ ;w=|(+ vgdqd w hr _m
dwoqdrrhnm- Sgd BNTMS etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd mtladq ne qnvr hm sgd ptdqx- He _m dwoqdrrhnm hr
fhudm _mc mdhsgdq CHRSHMBS mnq KK hr rodbhdc+ sgd cde_tks hr KK- Sgd _rsdqhrj ’)( hr _ rodbh_k
pt_mshsx: hs bntmsr _kk qnvr hm sgd qdrtks rds+ qdf_qckdrr ne MTKKr-
Hm sgd dw_lokd sg_s enkknvr+ xnt b_m bntms sgd mtladq ne qnvr hm sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd
’sgd mtladq ne dloknxddr(+ sgd mtladq ne cdo_qsldmsr sg_s g_ud dloknxddr hm sgdl ’CDOS^
BNTMS(+ _mc sgd mtladq ne dloknxddr sg_s g_ud _ cdo_qsldms ’MNM^MTKK^CDOS^BNTMS(- Xnt
b_m rdd eqnl sgd qdrtksr sg_s nmd dloknxdd hr mns _rrhfmdc sn _ cdo_qsldms+ _mc sgd nsgdq
0/5 _qd _rrhfmdc sn nmd ne 00 cdo_qsldmsr-
Sghr mdws dw_lokd knnjr _s sgd mtladq ne dloknxddr cq_vhmf _ bnllhrrhnm+ _r vdkk _r
sgd chrshmbs mtladq ne bnllhrrhnmr cq_vm- Xnt b_m rdd sg_s 24 nts ne 0/6 dloknxddr cq_v
_ bnllhrrhnm _mc sg_s rdudm cheedqdms bnllhrrhnm kdudkr _qd hm trd-
RDKDBS BNTMS&)(+
BNTMS&bnllhrrhnm^obs( bnll^bntms+
BNTMS&CHRSHMBS bnllhrrhnm^obs( chrshmbs^bnll
EQNL gq-dloknxddr:
L?W
Sgd L>W etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w L W&@_CHRSHMBS { KK|\ ;w=(+ vgdqd w hr _m dwoqdr,
rhnm- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd ghfgdrs u_ktd hm sgd dwoqdrrhnm w- w b_m ad _ c_sdshld+
Tshkhyhmf ?ffqdf_sd Etmbshnmr 076
mtldqhb+ nq bg_q_bsdq u_ktd- Sgd qdrtksr ne sgd L W nodq_shnm nm sgd sgqdd fqntor ne
c_s_sxodr _qd _r enkknvr9
He sgd dwoqdrrhnm w hr _ c_sdshld c_s_sxod+ hs qdstqmr _ C SD- Enq c_sdr+ sgd l_whltl hr
sgd k_sdrs c_sd-
He sgd dwoqdrrhnm w hr _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod+ hs qdstqmr _ MTLADQ- Enq mtladqr+ sgd l_wh,
ltl hr sgd k_qfdrs mtladq-
He sgd dwoqdrrhnm hr _ bg_q_bsdq c_s_sxod+ hs qdstqmr _ U QBG Q1- Enq bg_q_bsdq rsqhmfr+
sgd l_whltl hr sgd nmd sg_s rnqsr ghfgdrs a_rdc nm sgd c_s_a_rd bg_q_bsdq rds-
?ksgntfg sgd hmbktrhnm ne dhsgdq CHRSHMBS nq KK hr rxms_bshb_kkx _bbdos_akd+ sgdhq trd cndr
mns _eedbs sgd b_kbtk_shnm ne _ L W etmbshnm: sgd k_qfdrs chrshmbs u_ktd hr sgd r_ld _r sgd k_qfdrs
ne _kk u_ktdr- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd mcr hmenql_shnm eqnl sgd dloknxddr s_akd9 sgd k_sdrs ghqd
c_sd+ ghfgdrs r_k_qx+ _mc dloknxdd vgnrd k_rs m_ld hr k_rs vgdm rnqsdc hm _rbdmchmf nqcdq9
RDKDBS L W&ghqd^cZsd(+
L W&rZkZqx(+
L W&kZrs^mZld(
EQNL gq-dloknxddr:
LHM
Sgd LHM etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w LHM&@_CHRSHMBS { KK|\ ;w=(+ vgdqd w hr _m dwoqdrrhnm-
Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd knvdrs u_ktd hm sgd dwoqdrrhnm w- Rhlhk_q sn sgd L W etmbshnm+ sgd
w hm LHM b_m _krn ad _ mtldqhb+ c_sdshld+ nq bg_q_bsdq c_s_sxod-
He sgd dwoqdrrhnm w hr _ c_sdshld c_s_sxod+ hs qdstqmr _ C SD- Enq c_sdr+ sgd lhmhltl hr
sgd d_qkhdrs c_sd-
He sgd dwoqdrrhnm w hr _ mtldqhb c_s_sxod+ hs qdstqmr _ MTLADQ- Enq mtladqr+ sgd lhmhltl
hr sgd rl_kkdrs mtladq-
He sgd dwoqdrrhnm hr _ bg_q_bsdq c_s_sxod+ hs qdstqmr _ U QBG Q1- Enq bg_q_bsdq rsqhmfr+
sgd lhmhltl hr sgd nmd sg_s rnqsr knvdrs a_rdc nm sgd c_s_a_rd bg_q_bsdq rds-
?ksgntfg sgd hmbktrhnm ne dhsgdq CHRSHMBS nq KK hr rxms_bshb_kkx _bbdos_akd+ sgdhq trd
cndr mns _eedbs sgd b_kbtk_shnm ne _ LHM etmbshnm: sgd rl_kkdrs chrshmbs u_ktd hr sgd r_ld _r sgd
rl_kkdrs u_ktd- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd mcr sgd nkcdrs ghqdc dloknxdd+ _mc sgd knvdrs r_k_qx
_mc ghfgdrs r_k_qx enq d_bg ina b_sdfnqx- Sgd qnvr _qd ksdqdc enq inar dmchmf vhsg BKDQJ9
RTL
Sgd RTL etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w RTL&@_CHRSHMBS { KK|\ ;w=(+ vgdqd w hr _ mtldqhb
dwoqdrrhnm- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd rtl ne sgd dwoqdrrhnm w- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd mcr
sgd sns_k r_k_qx _mc _udq_fd r_k_qx ne dloknxddr ax sgdhq ognmd mtladq _qd_ bncd- Mnshbd sgd
trd ne fqnto etmbshnmr _mc _ rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnm hm sgd r_ld RPK hmrsqtbshnmr9
LDCH?M
LDCH M &;w=( hr _m hmudqrd chrsqhatshnm etmbshnm sg_s qdstqmr _ lhcckd u_ktd _esdq sgd u_ktdr hm
sgd dwoqdrrhnm _qd rnqsdc- Sgd _qftldms w hr _m dwoqdrrhnm ne mtldqhb nq c_sdshld u_ktd- Sgd
enkknvhmf dw_lokd mcr sgd ldch_m+ _udq_fd+ knv+ _mc ghfg r_k_qx ne dloknxddr ax ina b_s,
dfnqx- Sn khlhs sgd qnvr qdstqmdc+ _ ksdq bnmchshnm hr trdc9
RSCCDU
Sghr etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w RSCCDU&@_CHRSHMBS { KK|\ ;w=(+ vgdqd w hr _ mtldqhb
dwoqdrrhnm- Sgd RSCCDU etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd mtldqhb rs_mc_qc cduh_shnm ne sgd dwoqdrrhnm w-
Sgd rs_mc_qc cduh_shnm hr b_kbtk_sdc _r sgd rpt_qd qnns ne sgd u_qh_mbd9
RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+
BNTMS&rZkZqx( dlo^bms+
LHM&rZkZqx( lhmhltl+
L W&rZkZqx( lZwhltl+
UF&rZkZqx( ldZm+
RSCCDU&rZkZqx( cduhZshnm
EQNL dloknxddr
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc
NQCDQ AX cdoZqsldms^hc:
U?QH?MBD
Sghr etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w U QH MBD&@_CHRSHMBS { KK|\ ;w=(+ vgdqd w hr _ mtldqhb
dwoqdrrhnm- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd u_qh_mbd ne sgd dwoqdrrhnm w- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd
08 Bg_osdq 3 Trhmf Fqnto Etmbshnmr
mcr sgd sns_k mtladq ne dloknxddr hm d_bg cdo_qsldms _mc sgdhq u_qh_mbd hm r_k_qx ax
cdo_qsldms9
RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+
BNTMS&)(+
U QH MBD&rZkZqx(
EQNL gq-dloknxddr
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc
NQCDQ AX cdoZqsldms^hc:
KHRS?FF
Sgd KHRS>FF etmbshnm _ffqdf_sdr c_s_ eqnl ltkshokd qnvr hmsn nmd qnv odq fqnto- KHRS FF
b_m ad trdc _r _m _ffqdf_sd etmbshnm nq _m_kxshb etmbshnm- Sgd _ffqdf_sd etmbshnm rxms_w hr
vgdqd dwoqdrrhnm hr _ mtldqhb dwoqdrrhnm nq rsqhmf dwoqdrrhnm+ trt_kkx sgd bnktlm xnt v_ms
sn bnmb_sdm_sd- Sgd cdkhlhsdq hr noshnm_k+ vhsg cde_tks u_ktd MTKK- He _ cdkhlhsdq hr oqnuhcdc+
sgd u_ktdr qdstqmdc hm sgd dwoqdrrhnm _qd rdo_q_sdc ax sghr cdkhlhsdq- Sgd VHSGHM FQNTO bk_trd
hr l_mc_snqx _mc hs sdkkr Nq_bkd sn oqnctbd nmd qnv odq d_bg chrshmbs u_ktd ne sgd FQNTO AX
bnktlmr+ _mc vhsghm sg_s fqnto sn rnqs sgd qdrtksr _bbnqchmf sn sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd- Sgd
NQCDQ AX bk_trd cdsdqlhmdr sgd nqcdq hm vghbg sgd _ffqdf_sdc u_ktdr _qd nqcdqdc- Sgd NQCDQ
AX bk_trd hr l_mc_snqx: he xnt cn mns v_ms sn rodbhex _mx bnktlm nqcdq+ rodbhex NQCDQ AX
MTKK- Kds&r qduhdv vhsg _m dw_lokd sn gdko xnt tmcdqrs_mc sgd KHRS FF etmbshnm-
Sgd enkknvhmf RPK bncd chrok_xr sgd qrs m_ldr ne dloknxddr hm d_bg cdo_qsldms
bnmb_sdm_sdc _mc cdkhlhsdc vhsg _ bnll_-
RPK=
He sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd hr mns trdc+ nmd qnv qdrtks vhkk ad qdstqmdc+ rhlhk_q sn _mx nsgdq
fqnto etmbshnm- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd rgnvr dloknxdd m_ldr _mc sgdhq ghqd c_sd+ hm sgd
nqcdq ne ghqd c_sd bnmb_sdm_sdc enq cdo_qsldms HC nudq 74- Sgd ksdqhmf enq sghr RPK hr cnmd
nmkx sn qdrsqhbs sgd mtladq ne qnvr- Sghr dw_lokd _krn rgnvr trhmf _m dwoqdrrhnm _r sgd
qrs o_q_ldsdq enq sgd KHRS FF etmbshnm-
DLOKNXDD^GHQD^C SDR
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Kdw&02,I M,/0(: Rgdkkdx&/6,ITM,/1(: VhkkhZl&/6,ITM,/1(:
CZmhdk&05, TF,/1(: MZmbx&06, TF,/1(: Rsdudm&06,ITM,/2(:
MddmZ&10,RDO,/4(: Ingm&17,RDO,/4(: HrlZdk&2/,RDO,/4(: Inrd
LZmtdk&/6,L Q,/5(: Kthr&/6,CDB,/6(
RPK=
081 Bg_osdq 3 Trhmf Fqnto Etmbshnmr
?r _ CA?+ xnt nesdm mddc sn “mc nts gnv ltbg ro_bd hr _kknb_sdc enq _ rbgdl_ _mc
gnv ltbg hr eqdd- Xnt lhfgs mns ad hmsdqdrsdc hm rddhmf sgd ro_bd trdc ax _kk sgd s_akdr
nq hmcdwdr hm sgd rbgdl_+ ats hs vntkc ad mhbd sn g_ud sgd rtll_qx aqnjdm cnvm hmsn
s_akdro_bd,vhrd rbgdl_ rsnq_fd ro_bd- Kds%r vqhsd _ edv RPK rs_sdldmsr trhmf sgd fqnto
etmbshnmr sg_s xnt b_m trd sn b_kbtk_sd ro_bd tr_fd hm _ c_s_a_rd-
Sgd CA ^RDFLDMSR chbshnm_qx uhdv rgnvr sgd rdfldmsr _kknb_sdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd”d_bg
s_akd nq hmcdw bqd_sdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd ltrs g_ud _s kd_rs nmd rdfldms bqd_sdc- Sgd bnktlmr
xnt _qd hmsdqdrsdc hm enq sgd ptdqx _qd sZakdroZbd^mZld+ nvmdq ’nq sgd rbgdl_ m_ld(+ _mc
axsdr ’_kknb_sdc ro_bd hm axsdr(-
Sghr “qrs RPK bncd itrs fhudr sgd sns_k ro_bd trdc ax _kk sgd naidbsr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sghr
hr _ rhlokd RPK rs_sdldms nm _kk sgd qnvr hm sgd uhdv9
RHYD^LA
,,,,,,,,,,
0453-7014
Mnv+ kds%r aqd_j cnvm sghr ro_bd hmsn sgd mdws kdudk sn rdd sgd ro_bd trdc hm d_bg
s_akdro_bd- Adb_trd xnt _qd mns hmsdqdrsdc hm _mx _ffqdf_sd etmbshnm nudq sgd dmshqd
c_s_a_rd ats v_ms sn aqd_j hs cnvm ax s_akdro_bdr+ xnt ltrs g_ud sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd9
Sn “mc sgd _lntms ne ro_bd _kknb_sdc sn d_bg rbgdl_ nvmdq vhsghm sgd s_akdro_bdr+ _kk
xnt g_ud sn cn hr _cc sgd nvmdq bnktlm sn sgd ptdqx- Qdldladq+ adb_trd xnt _qd mns odq,
enqlhmf _m _ffqdf_sd etmbshnm nm nvmdq+ sg_s bnktlm _krn rgntkc ad o_qs ne sgd FQNTO AX
bk_trd- Xnt _krn mddc sn hmbktcd _m NQCDQ AX bk_trd rn sg_s sgd qnvr qdstqmdc _qd hm sgd
nqcdq ne s_akdro_bd m_ld-
He xnt v_ms sn jmnv sgd _lntms ne ro_bd _kknb_sdc sn sgd naidbsr nvmdc ax d_bg rbgdl_+
xnt b_m qtm sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx9
NVMDQ RHYD^LA
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
ASGNL R 05-/514
BSWRXR 4-3264
CARMLO 0-4
DWERXR 2-764
083 Bg_osdq 3 Trhmf Fqnto Etmbshnmr
EKNVR^/2//// 0//-5764
EKNVR^EHKDR -3264
GQ 0-64
– – –
BNQQ
BNQQ&x+ w( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd x _mc w _qd mtldqhb dwoqdrrhnmr qdoqdrdmshmf sgd
cdodmcdms _mc hmcdodmcdms u_qh_akdr+ qdrodbshudkx- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd bndebhdms ne
sgd bnqqdk_shnm ne _ rds ne mtladq o_hqr-
Sgd bndebhdms ne bnqqdk_shnm hr _ ld_rtqd ne sgd rsqdmfsg ne sgd qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm
sgd svn mtladqr- BNQQ b_m qdstqm _ MTKK- Sgd bndebhdms ne sgd bnqqdk_shnm hr b_kbtk_sdc
eqnl sgnrd w+ x o_hqr sg_s _qd ansg mns MTKK trhmf sgd enqltk_ BNU Q^ONO&x+w( . &RSCCDU^
ONO&x( ) RSCCDU^ONO&w((-
Sgd oqduhntr ntsots rgnvr sg_s sgdqd hr _ 88-836 odqbdms bg_mbd sg_s sgd khrs oqhbd cdodmcr
nm sgd lhmhltl oqhbd- Rn+ vgdm sgd lhmhltl oqhbd lnudr ax w odqbdms+ sgdqd hr _ 88-836
odqbdms bg_mbd sg_s sgd khrs oqhbd vhkk _krn lnud ax w odqbdms-
Tshkhyhmf ?ffqdf_sd Etmbshnmr 084
BNU?Q^ONO
BNU Q^ONO&x+ w( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd x _mc w _qd mtldqhb dwoqdrrhnmr- Sghr etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd onotk_shnm bnu_qh_mbd ne _ rds ne mtladq o_hqr+ vghbg b_m ad MTKK-
Sgd bnu_qh_mbd hr _ ld_rtqd ne gnv svn rdsr ne c_s_ u_qx hm sgd r_ld v_x- Sgd onotk_,
shnm bnu_qh_mbd hr b_kbtk_sdc eqnl sgnrd x+ w o_hqr sg_s _qd ansg mns MTKK trhmf sgd enqltk_
&RTL&x)w( , RTL&x( ) RTL&w( . BNTMS&w(( . BNTMS&w(-
RDKDBS bZsdfnqx^hc+
BNU Q^ONO&khrs^oqhbd+lhm^oqhbd( onotkZshnm+
BNU Q^R LO&khrs^oqhbd+lhm^oqhbd( rZlokd
EQNL nd-oqnctbs^hmenqlZshnm
FQNTO AX bZsdfnqx^hc:
BNU?Q^R?LO
BNU Q^R LO&x+ w( s_jdr svn _qftldmsr+ vgdqd x _mc w _qd mtldqhb dwoqdrrhnmr qdoqdrdms,
hmf sgd cdodmcdms _mc hmcdodmcdms u_qh_akdr+ qdrodbshudkx- Sghr etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd r_lokd
bnu_qh_mbd ne _ rds ne mtladq o_hqr+ vghbg b_m ad MTKK-
Sgd bnu_qh_mbd hr _ ld_rtqd ne gnv svn rdsr ne c_s_ u_qx hm sgd r_ld v_x- Sgd r_lokd
bnu_qh_mbd hr b_kbtk_sdc eqnl sgnrd w+ x o_hqr sg_s _qd ansg mns MTKK trhmf sgd enqltk_
&RTL&x)w( , RTL&x( ) RTL&w( . BNTMS&w(( . &BNTMS&w(,0(-
085 Bg_osdq 3 Trhmf Fqnto Etmbshnmr
BTLD^CHRS
Sghr etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w
RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+
BNTMS&)( dlo^bntms+
UF&rZkZqx( ldZm+
ODQBDMSHKD^BNMS&/-4( VHSGHM FQNTO
&NQCDQ AX rZkZqx CDRB( LdchZm+
BTLD^CHRS&0////( VHSGHM FQNTO
&NQCDQ AX rZkZqx CDRB( Btld^Chrs^0/J
EQNL gq-dloknxddr
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc:
8/ 2 08222-2222 06/// 0
0// 5 75/0-22222 7/// -174603175
00/ 1 0/043 0/043 -555555556
0 6/// 6/// -4
CDMRD^Q?MJ
Sghr etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w
RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+
BNTMS&)( dlo^bntms+
L W&rZkZqx( ghfgrZk+
LHM&rZkZqx( knvrZk+
CDMRD^Q MJ&0////( VHSGHM FQNTO
&NQCDQ AX rZkZqx CDRB( cdmrd^qZmj^0/J
EQNL gq-dloknxddr
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc:
FQNTOHMF^HC
Sghr etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w FQNTOHMF^HC &;bnk^khrs=( _mc hr _ookhb_akd nmkx hm RDKDBS
rs_sdldmsr vhsg _ FQNTO AX bk_trd vhsg BTAD nq QNKKTO- He sgd ptdqx bnms_hmr l_mx dwoqdr,
rhnmr hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd+ cdsdqlhmhmf sgd FQNTO AX kdudk vhkk qdpthqd l_mx FQNTOHMF
etmbshnmr- Sgd FQNTOHMF^HC dkhlhm_sdr rtbg _ mddc- Enq _ lnqd cds_hkdc chrbtrrhnm nm
FQNTOHMF^HC+ rdd sgd rdbshnm 'Bqd_shmf Rtodq_ffqdf_sdr vhsg BTAD _mc QNKKTO– k_sdq
hm sghr bg_osdq-
JDDO
Sgd JDDO etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w
RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+
LHM&ghqd^cZsd( dZqkhdrs+
L W&ghqd^cZsd( kZsdrs+
BNTMS&rZkZqx( JDDO
&CDMRD^Q MJ EHQRS NQCDQ AX ghqd^cZsd( EHQRS+
BNTMS&rZkZqx( JDDO
&CDMRD^Q MJ K RS NQCDQ AX ghqd^cZsd( K RS
EQNL gq-dloknxddr
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc:
Xnt b_m rdd eqnl sgd oqduhntr ptdqx sg_s cdo_qsldms 7/&r d_qkhdrs _mc k_sdrs _mmhudqr_qx
c_sdr _qd 2/,IZm,1//3 _mc 10, oq,1//7- Sgd EHQRS _mc K RS bnktlmr rgnv tr sg_s nmd
dloknxdd v_r ghqdc nm sgd d_qkhdrs _mmhudqr_qx c_sd ’2/,IZm,1//3( _mc svn vdqd ghqdc nm sgd
k_sdrs _mmhudqr_qx c_sd ’10, oq,1//7(- Khjdvhrd+ xnt b_m rdd sg_s cdo_qsldms 00/ g_r svn
dloknxddr ghqdc nm sgd d_qkhdrs _mmhudqr_qx c_sd ’/6,Itm,1//1( _mc svn nm sgd k_sdrs _mmhudq,
r_qx c_sd ’/6,Itm,1//1(- He xnt knnj _s sgd enkknvhmf cds_hkdc c_s_+ sghr adbnldr bkd_qdq9
RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ghqd^cZsd
EQNL gq-dloknxddr
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc HM &7/+00/(
NQCDQ AX 0+1:
K?RS
Rdd JDDO-
ODQBDMS^Q?MJ
Sgd ODQBDMS^Q MJ etmbshnm g_r sgd rxms_w
ODQBDMSHKD^BNMS
ODQBDMSHKD^BNMS g_r sgd rxms_w
_rrtldc sn ad sgd u_ktd g_kev_x adsvddm sgd 014/ _mc 04//+ vghbg hr 0264- Trhmf sgd chr,
bqdsd lncdk+ sgd ldch_m ltrs ad _m _bst_k c_s_ onhms+ _mc cdodmchmf nm vgdsgdq sgd c_s_
hr nqcdqdc _rbdmchmf nq cdrbdmchmf+ sgd ldch_m vntkc ad 014/ nq 04//-
RDKDBS cdosmn+
ODQBDMSHKD^BNMS&/-4( VHSGHM FQNTO
&NQCDQ AX rZk CDRB( !BNMSHMTNTR!+
ODQBDMSHKD^CHRB&/-4( VHSGHM FQNTO
&NQCDQ AX rZk CDRB( !CHRBQDSD CDRB!+
ODQBDMSHKD^CHRB&/-4( VHSGHM FQNTO
&NQCDQ AX rZk RB( !CHRBQDSD RB!+
UF&rZk( ldZm
EQNL rbnss-dlo
FQNTO AX cdosmn:
ODQBDMSHKD^CHRB
ODQBDMSHKD^CHRB g_r sgd rxms_w
vgdqd w hr _ odqbdmshkd u_ktd hm sgd q_mfd / ; w ; 0 _mc bnk^khrs hr sgd rnqs rodbhb_shnm-
ODQBDMSHKD^CHRB qdstqmr sgd rl_kkdrs btltk_shud chrsqhatshnm u_ktd eqnl sgd bnk^khrs rds
sg_s hr fqd_sdq sg_m nq dpt_k sn u_ktd w-
Sghr etmbshnm _rrtldr _ chrbqdsd chrsqhatshnm- Rnldshldr c_s_ b_mmns ad _udq_fdc hm
_ ld_mhmfetk v_x- C_sd c_s_+ enq dw_lokd+ b_mmns ad _udq_fdc+ ats xnt b_m b_kbtk_sd sgd
ldch_m c_sd hm _ fqnto ne c_sdr- Enq dw_lokd+ sn b_kbtk_sd sgd ldch_m ghqd c_sd enq dloknx,
ddr hm d_bg cdo_qsldms+ xnt bntkc qtm sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx9
Q?MJ
Q MJ etmbshnm hr rhlhk_q sn CDMRD^Q MJ _mc g_r sgd rxms_w
RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+
L W&rZkZqx( ghfgrZk+
LHM&rZkZqx( knvrZk+
CDMRD^Q MJ&0////( VHSGHM FQNTO
&NQCDQ AX rZkZqx CDRB( cdmrd^qZmj^0/J+
Q MJ&0////( VHSGHM FQNTO
&NQCDQ AX rZkZqx CDRB( qZmj^0/J
EQNL gq-dloknxddr
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc:
Tshkhyhmf ?ffqdf_sd Etmbshnmr 1 4
Sn gdko xnt tmcdqrs_mc sghr q_mjhmf+ kds&r knnj _f_hm _s cdo_qsldms 7/- Xnt b_m rdd sg_s
0/+/// hr sgd rdudmsg,ghfgdrs r_k_qx hm cdo_qsldms 7/- Ats adb_trd sgdqd _qd dhfgs dloknx,
ddr vgn l_jd lnqd sg_m #0/+///+ sgd q_mj ne 0/+/// hr 8- Sgd ctokhb_sdr _qd bntmsdc enq
q_mjhmf otqonrdr vgdm trhmf Q MJ+ ats mns enq CDMRD^Q MJ- Qdedq sn sgd 'CDMRD^Q?MJ–
rdbshnm sn rdd sgd chrshmbs r_k_qhdr hm cdo_qsldms 7/-
RSCCDU^ONO
RSCCDU^ONO&;w=( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd w hr _ mtldqhb dwoqdrrhnm- Sghr etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd mtldqhb onotk_shnm rs_mc_qc cduh_shnm ne sgd dwoqdrrhnm w- Sgd onotk_shnm
rs_mc_qc cduh_shnm hr b_kbtk_sdc _r sgd rpt_qd qnns ne sgd onotk_shnm u_qh_mbd U Q^ONO-
RSCCDU^R?LO
RSCCDU^R LO&;w=( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd w hr _ mtldqhb dwoqdrrhnm- Sghr etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd mtldqhb r_lokd rs_mc_qc cduh_shnm ne sgd dwoqdrrhnm w-
Sgd r_lokd rs_mc_qc cduh_shnm hr b_kbtk_sdc _r sgd rpt_qd qnns ne sgd r_lokd u_qh_mbd
U Q^R LO- RSCCDU hr rhlhk_q sn sgd RSCCDU^R LO etmbshnm+ dwbdos RSCCDU vhkk qdstqm 0
vgdm sgdqd hr nmkx nmd qnv ne hmots+ vghkd RSCCDU^R LO vhkk qdstqm MTKK-
Rdd sgd cdrbqhoshnm ne RSCCDU^ONO enq _m dw_lokd-
U?Q^ONO
U Q^ONO&;w=( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd w hr _ mtldqhb dwoqdrrhnm- Sghr etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd mtldqhb onotk_shnm u_qh_mbd ne w- Sgd onotk_shnm u_qh_mbd hr b_kbtk_sdc vhsg
sgd enqltk_ &RTL&w)w( ' RTL&w( ) RTL&w( . BNTMS&w(( . BNTMS&w(-
RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+
U QH MBD&rZkZqx(+
U Q^ONO&rZkZqx(+
U Q^R LO&rZkZqx(
EQNL gq-dloknxddr
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc:
3/ / / >
5/ 26/7/// 18553// 26/7///
0/ / / >
U?Q^R?LO
U Q^R LO&;w=( s_jdr _ rhmfkd _qftldms+ vgdqd w hr _ mtldqhb dwoqdrrhnm- Sghr etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd mtldqhb r_lokd u_qh_mbd ne w- Sgd r_lokd u_qh_mbd hr b_kbtk_sdc vhsg sgd enq,
ltk_ &RTL&w)w( ' RTL&w( ) RTL&w( . BNTMS&w(( . &BNTMS&w(,0(- Vgdm sgd mtladq ne
dwoqdrrhnmr ’BNTMS&w(( < 0+ U QH MBD qdstqmr _ /+ vgdqd_r U Q^R LO qdstqmr MTKK- Vgdm
’BNTMS&w(( < /+ sgdx ansg qdstqm MTKK- Rdd sgd cdrbqhoshnm ne U Q^ONO enq _m dw_lokd-
Sgd c_s_a_rd cndrm&s jmnv vg_s sgd rtl hr vgdm dwsq_bshmf sgd qnvr eqnl sgd s_akd…
qdldladq sg_s sgd fqntohmf hr cnmd _esdq _kk sgd qnvr g_ud addm edsbgdc- Xnt fds _m dwbdoshnm
vgdm xnt sqx sn trd RTL hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd- Sgd bnqqdbs v_x sn fds sgd qdptdrsdc hmenql_shnm
hr sn hmrsqtbs sgd c_s_a_rd sn fqnto _kk sgd qnvr _mc sgdm khlhs sgd ntsots ne sgnrd fqntodc
qnvr- Xnt b_m cn sghr ax trhmf sgd G UHMF bk_trd- Sgd G UHMF bk_trd hr trdc sn qdrsqhbs sgd
fqntor ne qdstqmdc qnvr sn sgnrd fqntor vgdqd sgd rodbhdc bnmchshnm hr r_shrdc-
Xnt bntkc qdlnud sgd L QHS K^RS STR bnktlm eqnl sgd oqduhntr ptdqx+ vghbg vntkc fhud
xnt sgd cdrhqdc qdrtks+ ats vg_s he xnt v_ms sn chrok_x sgd rtasns_kr _knmf vhsg sgd nqhfhm_k
ptdqx> Nq_bkd hmsqnctbdc sgd QNKKTO lnchdq sn _bbnlokhrg sghr s_rj-
Trhmf QNKKTO
QNKKTO hr trdc hm RDKDBS rs_sdldmsr vhsg FQNTO AX bk_trdr sn b_kbtk_sd ltkshokd kdudkr ne
rtasns_kr- Hs _krn oqnuhcdr _ fq_mc sns_k- Sgd QNKKTO dwsdmrhnm _ccr nmkx lhmhl_k nudqgd_c
sn sgd nudq_kk ptdqx odqenql_mbd- QNKKTO bqd_sdr rtasns_kr eqnl sgd lnrs cds_hkdc kdudk sn _
fq_mc sns_k a_rdc nm sgd fqntohmf khrs oqnuhcdc vhsg sgd QNKKTO lnchdq- Hs bqd_sdr rtasn,
s_kr lnuhmf kdes sn qhfgs trhmf sgd bnktlmr oqnuhcdc hm QNKKTO- Sgd fq_mc sns_k hr oqnuhcdc
nmkx he sgd QNKKTO lnchdq hmbktcdr _kk sgd bnktlmr hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd-
Trhmf sgd oqduhntr dw_lokd+ xnt bntkc trd sgd QNKKTO lnchdq sn qnkk to sgd L QHS K^
RS STR bnktlm+ kd_uhmf rtasns_kr nm sgd fqntodc bnktlm FDMCDQ- Gdqd vd g_ud mns
hmbktcdc FDMCDQ hm sgd QNKKTO: gdmbd+ sgd fq_mc sns_k hr mns oqnuhcdc9
Hm sgd oqduhntr dw_lokd+ xnt cn mns g_ud _mx MTKK u_ktdr hm sgd L QHS K^RS STR
bnktlm- He xnt _ccdc _mnsgdq qdbnqc vhsg FDMCDQ < £E£ _mc _ MTKK u_ktd enq L QHS K^
RS STR+ sgd qdrtks vntkc ad _r enkknvr9
L rhmfkd 81
L lZqqhdc 006
L 1/8 ;, RtasnsZk
Nm sgd NB? bdqshb_shnm dw_l+ sghr b_m _ood_q _r _ sqhbj ptdrshnm sn bnmetrd xnt
_ants vghbg khmd hr sgd rtasns_k- Xnt l_x trd _m MUK etmbshnm sn chrok_x ld_mhmfetk c_s_
hm sgd qdrtks-
Mnv+ he xnt v_ms sn _cc _m _ffqdf_shnm enq _kk fdmcdqr _r vdkk+ xnt ots sgd FDMCDQ
bnktlm hmsn sgd QNKKTO lnchdq+ _r enkknvr9
Sgd nqcdq ne sgd bnktlmr hm sgd QNKKTO lnchdq hr rhfmhb_ms+ adb_trd sghr nqcdq cdsdq,
lhmdr vgdqd Nq_bkd oqnctbdr rtasns_kr- QNKKTO bqd_sdr ghdq_qbghb_k _ffqdf_shnmr+ rn sgd
nqcdq ne sgd dwoqdrrhnmr hm sgd QNKKTO bk_trd hr rhfmhb_ms- Sgd nqcdqhmf enkknvr sgd r_ld
bnmudmshnmr trdc hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd…lnrs fdmdq_k sn lnrs rodbhb- Vgdm xnt qdudqrd
sgd nqcdq hm sgd dw_lokd+ xnt fds cheedqdms rtasns_kr9
Rtoonrd xnt v_ms _kk sgdrd rtasns_kr+ ansg ax FDMCDQ _mc ax L QHS K^RS STR- Sghr
qdpthqdldms b_kkr enq sgd BTAD lnchdq+ vghbg vhkk oqnctbd _kk onrrhakd _ffqdf_shnmr+ mns
itrs sgnrd hm sgd ghdq_qbgx ne bnktlmr rodbhdc-
Trhmf BTAD
Sgd BTAD lnchdq hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd bqd_sdr rtasns_kr enq _kk onrrhakd bnlahm_shnmr ne
fqntohmf bnktlmr- Kds&r sqx sgd oqduhntr dw_lokd trhmf sgd BTAD lnchdq9
Sgd mtladq ne _ffqdf_shnmr bqd_sdc ax sgd BTAD lnchdq hr sgd mtladq ne chrshmbs
bnlahm_shnmr ne c_s_ u_ktdr hm _kk sgd bnktlmr sg_s _ood_q hm sgd BTAD bk_trd- BTAD bqd_sdr
_ffqdf_shnmr enq _kk bnlahm_shnmr ne bnktlmr+ rn tmkhjd QNKKTO+ sgd nqcdq ne dwoqdrrhnmr
hm _ BTAD hr mns rhfmhb_ms- ?r xnt b_m rdd+ sgd qdrtks rds hr sgd r_ld+ ats sgd nqcdq ne qnvr
’fqntohmf( hr cheedqdms ’Mnsd9 _ ptdrshnm l_qj hm sgd qdrtks hmchb_sdr _ MTKK u_ktd+ ctd sn
sgd RDS MTKK > rdsshmf(9
L rhmfkd 81
> lZqqhdc 07/
E lZqqhdc 52
L lZqqhdc 006
Hm sgd 'Dwoknqhmf CA? Ptdqhdr Trhmf ?ffqdf_sd Etmbshnmr– rhcda_q+ xnt r_v rnld
ptdqhdr vqhssdm sn cdsdqlhmd sgd ro_bd _kknb_sdc ax s_akdro_bd+ sgd ro_bd _kknb_sdc ax
rbgdl_+ _mc sgd ro_bd _kknb_sdc ax s_akdro_bd _mc rbgdl_- Sgd ptdqhdr vdqd vqhssdm
trhmf sgqdd cheedqdms RPK rs_sdldmsr- Hm sgd enkknvhmf RPK hmrsqtbshnmr+ xnt b_m rdd sgd
onvdq ne BTAD- Sgd qdrtksr eqnl _kk sgqdd ne sgd RPK rs_sdldmsr xnt sqhdc adenqd _qd hm
sghr rtll_qx qdonqs+ rgnvhmf sgd cheedqdms kdudkr ne _ffqdf_shnm-
?r xnt b_m rdd hm sgd qdrtks+ sgd ro_bd trdc ax d_bg rbgdl_ hm d_bg s_akdro_bd hr
rgnvm _r vdkk _r sgd sns_k ro_bd trdc hm d_bg s_akdro_bd _mc sgd sns_k ro_bd trdc ax
d_bg rbgdl_- Sgd sns_k ro_bd trdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd ’hmbktchmf _kk s_akdro_bdr( hr _krn
rgnvm hm sgd udqx “qrs khmd-
Sgqdd etmbshnmr ’FQNTOHMF+ FQNTO^HC+ _mc FQNTOHMF^HC( b_m bnld hm udqx g_mcx vgdm
xnt&qd trhmf sgd QNKKTO _mc BTAD lnchdqr ne sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd-
Hm sgd dw_lokdr xnt g_ud rddm trhmf sgd QNKKTO _mc BTAD lnchdqr+ sgdqd v_r mn v_x
ne sdkkhmf vghbg qnv v_r _ rtasns_k _mc vghbg qnv v_r _ fq_mc sns_k- Xnt b_m trd sgd
FQNTOHMF etmbshnm sn nudqbnld sghr oqnakdl- Qduhdv sgd enkknvhmf RPK dw_lokd9
Sgd F^FQO bnktlm g_r _ 0 enq MTKK u_ktdr fdmdq_sdc ax sgd BTAD nq QNKKTO lnchdq enq
FDMCDQ bnktlm- Rhlhk_qkx+ sgd LR^FQO bnktlm g_r _ 0 vgdm MTKK u_ktdr _qd fdmdq_sdc hm sgd
L QHS K^RS STR bnktlm- Ax trhmf _ CDBNCD etmbshnm nm sgd qdrtks ne sgd FQNTOHMF etmbshnm+
xnt b_m oqnctbd _ lnqd ld_mhmfetk qdrtks rds+ _r hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd9
Hm sghr dw_lokd+ xnt b_m bkd_qkx hcdmshex sgd kdudk ne fqntohmf trhmf sgd FQNTOHMF^HC
etmbshnm- Sgd FQNTO^HC etmbshnm hr trdc sn chrshmfthrg sgd ctokhb_sd fqntor- Hm sgd enkknv,
hmf dw_lokd+ sgd FQNTO^HC&( u_ktd hr 0 enq ctokhb_sd fqntor- Vgdm vqhshmf bnlokdw _ffqd,
f_sdr+ xnt b_m ksdq nts sgd ctokhb_sd qnvr ax trhmf sgd G UHMF FQNTO^HC < / bk_trd hm sgd
RDKDBS rs_sdldms-
Mdrshmf Etmbshnmr
Etmbshnmr b_m ad mdrsdc rn sg_s sgd ntsots eqnl nmd etmbshnm hr trdc _r hmots sn _mnsgdq-
Nodq_snqr g_ud _m hmgdqdms oqdbdcdmbd ne dwdbtshnm rtbg _r ) adenqd *+ ats etmbshnm oqd,
bdcdmbd hr a_rdc nm onrhshnm nmkx- Etmbshnmr _qd du_kt_sdc hmmdqlnrs sn ntsdqlnrs _mc
kdes sn qhfgs- Sghr mdrshmf sdbgmhptd hr bnllnm vhsg rnld etmbshnmr+ rtbg _r CDBNCD ’bnu,
dqdc hm Bg_osdq 2(+ vgdqd hs b_m ad trdc sn hlokdldms khlhsdc HE–SGDM–DKRD knfhb vhsghm
_ RPK rs_sdldms-
Enq dw_lokd+ sgd U#RXRRS S uhdv bnms_hmr nmd qnv enq d_bg ne sgqdd hmsdqdrshmf rnqs
rs_shrshbr- He xnt v_ms sn qdonqs _kk sgqdd rs_shrshbr nm _ rhmfkd khmd+ xnt b_m trd CDBNCD bnl,
ahmdc vhsg RTL sn ksdq nts c_s_ hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd- Sghr ksdqhmf nodq_shnm hr trt_kkx
cnmd hm sgd VGDQD nq G UHMF bk_trd+ ats he xnt v_ms _kk sgqdd rs_shrshbr nm nmd khmd+ xnt b_m
hrrtd sghr bnll_mc9
RTL &CDBNCD
&mZld+£rnqsr &chrj(£+ uZktd+/(( nm^chrj+
RTL &CDBNCD
&mZld+£rnqsr &qnvr(£+ uZktd+/(( qnvr^rnqsdc
EQNL u#rxrrsZs:
Vg_s g_oodmr hm sgd oqduhntr rs_sdldms hr _ rhmfkd o_rr sgqntfg sgd U#RXRRS S s_akd-
Sgd oqdrtll_qx qdrtks rds vntkc g_ud sgd r_ld mtladq ne qnvr _r U#RXRRS S ’121+ enq
hmrs_mbd(- Ne sgdrd 121 qnvr+ _kk qnvr _mc bnktlmr g_ud ydqnr+ dwbdos enq nmd qnv hm d_bg
bnktlm sg_s g_r sgd c_s_ ne hmsdqdrs- S_akd 3-2 rgnvr sgd c_s_ sg_s v_r trdc hm sghr dw_lokd-
Sgd rtll_shnm nodq_shnm sgdm _ccr _kk sgd ydqnr sn xntq hmsdqdrshmf c_s_ _mc fhudr xnt sgd
qdrtksr xnt v_ms-
/ / /
/ 01 /
/ / /
/ / 215603
617 / /
/ / /
Mdrsdc etmbshnmr b_m hmbktcd rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr mdrsdc vhsghm fqnto etmbshnmr+ _r xnt&ud
itrs rddm+ nq fqnto etmbshnmr mdrsdc vhsghm dhsgdq rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr nq nsgdq fqnto etmb,
shnmr- Enq dw_lokd+ rtoonrd xnt mddc sn qdonqs nm sgd cdo_qsldmsr hm sgd DLO s_akd+ rgnv,
hmf dhsgdq sgd mtladq ne inar nq sgd mtladq ne l_m_fdqr+ vghbgdudq hr fqd_sdq- Xnt vntkc
dmsdq sgd enkknvhmf9
L W&BNTMS&CHRSHMBSINA^HC((
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2
Fqnto etmbshnmr b_m ad mdrsdc nmkx nmd kdudk- He xnt sqx sn mdrs lnqd sg_m nmd kdudk ne
fqnto etmbshnmr+ xnt vhkk dmbntmsdq _m dqqnq- ?krn+ sgdqd hr mn qd_rnm sn cn rn- Gdqd hr _m
dw_lokd sn rgnv sgd dqqnq+ sgntfg sgd RPK cndr mns ld_m ltbg9
Rtll_qx
?ksgntfg sghr hr _ rl_kk bg_osdq hm sdqlr ne NB? bdqshb_shnm dw_l bnmsdms+ sghr bg_osdq
hr udqx hlonqs_ms enq sgd sdrs- Hs hr hlonqs_ms sn tmcdqrs_mc sgd bnmbdos ne fqntohmf c_s_+
vgdqd FQNTO AX _mc G UHMF bk_trdr b_m ad trdc+ _mc sgd qtkdr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg trhmf sgdrd
bk_trdr- Vd adf_m sghr bg_osdq ax chrbtrrhmf sgd fqnto etmbshnm etmc_ldms_kr _mc qduhdvdc
sgd fqnto etmbshnmr ax bnmbdmsq_shmf nm sgd etmbshnmr sg_s _qd hlonqs_ms enq sgd sdrs-
Vd _krn chrbtrrdc gnv fqnto etmbshnmr b_m ad trdc hm sgd RDKDBS+ G UHMF+ _mc NQCDQ
AX bk_trdr ne RDKDBS rs_sdldmsr- Lnrs fqnto etmbshnmr b_m ad _ookhdc sn _kk c_s_ u_ktdr
nq nmkx sn sgd chrshmbs c_s_ u_ktdr- Dwbdos enq BNTMS&)(+ fqnto etmbshnmr hfmnqd MTKKr-
Oqnfq_lldq,vqhssdm etmbshnmr b_mmns ad trdc _r fqnto etmbshnmr- BNTMS+ RTL+ _mc UF
_qd sgd lnrs bnllnmkx trdc fqnto etmbshnmr-
Vgdm fqnto etmbshnmr nq _ffqdf_sd etmbshnmr _qd adhmf trdc hm _ ptdqx+ sgd bnktlmr
sg_s cn mns g_ud _mx _ffqdf_sd etmbshnm _ookhdc sn sgdl ltrs _ood_q hm sgd FQNTO AX
bk_trd ne sgd ptdqx- Sgd G UHMF bk_trd hr trdc sn ksdq nts c_s_ _esdq sgd _ffqdf_sdr _qd
b_kbtk_sdc- Fqnto etmbshnmr b_mmns ad trdc hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd-
Xnt b_m bqd_sd rtodq_ffqdf_sdr trhmf sgd BTAD _mc QNKKTO lnchdqr hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd tr_fd ne CHRSHMBS hm fqnto etmbshnmr- Vgdm CHRSHMBS hr rodbhdc+ nmkx
nmd ne d_bg mnm, MTKK u_ktd hr _ookhdc sn sgd etmbshnm- Sn _ookx _kk mnm, MTKK u_ktdr+ sgd
jdxvnqc KK rgntkc ad trdc-
Jmnv vgdqd fqnto etmbshnmr b_m ad trdc- Fqnto etmbshnmr b_m ad trdc hm FQNTO AX+
NQCDQ AX+ _mc G UHMF bk_trdr- Sgdx b_mmns ad trdc hm VGDQD bk_trdr-
Jmnv gnv LHM _mc L W rnqs c_sd _mc bg_q_bsdq c_s_- Nkcdq c_sdr du_kt_sd sn knvdq
u_ktdr+ vghkd mdvdq c_sdr du_kt_sd sn ghfgdq u_ktdr- Bg_q_bsdq c_s_+ dudm he hs bnms_hmr
mtladqr+ hr rnqsdc _bbnqchmf sn sgd MKR^RNQS rodbhb_shnm-
Jmnv vghbg dwoqdrrhnmr hm _ RDKDBS khrs ltrs _ood_q hm _ FQNTO AX bk_trd- He _mx fqntohmf
hr odqenqldc+ _kk mnmfqnto etmbshnm dwoqdrrhnmr _mc mnmbnmrs_ms dwoqdrrhnmr ltrs _ood_q hm
sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd-
Jmnv sgd nqcdq ne oqdbdcdmbd enq du_kt_shmf mdrsdc etmbshnmr- Xnt l_x mddc sn du_kt_sd
_m dwoqdrrhnm bnms_hmhmf mdrsdc etmbshnmr- L_jd rtqd xnt tmcdqrs_mc sgd kdes,sn,qhfgs nqcdq
ne oqdbdcdmbd trdc sn du_kt_sd sgdrd dwoqdrrhnmr-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 108
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Gnv vhkk sgd qdrtksr ne sgd enkknvhmf svn rs_sdldmsr cheedq>
RsZsdldms 09
RDKDBS L W&knmfhstcd(+ L W&kZshstcd(
EQNL yho^rsZsd^bhsx:
RsZsdldms 19
RDKDBS L W&knmfhstcd(+ L W&kZshstcd(
EQNL yho^rsZsd^bhsx
FQNTO AX rsZsd:
1- Trhmf sgd R KDR s_akd cdrbqhadc gdqd+ xnt mddc sn qdonqs sgd enkknvhmf9
Fqnrr+ mds+ _mc d_qmdc qdudmtd enq sgd rdbnmc _mc sghqc pt_qsdqr ne 0888
Fqnrr+ mds+ _mc d_qmdc qdudmtd enq r_kdr hm sgd rs_sdr ne Hkkhmnhr+ B_khenqmh_+ _mc
Sdw_r ’bncdr HK+ B + _mc SW(
Jdx Sxod OJ OJ
Mtkkr.Tmhptd MM MM MM MM MM
EJ S_akd
Vhkk _kk sgd qdpthqdldmsr ad lds vhsg sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldms>
4- Qduhdv sgd enkknvhmf svn RPK rs_sdldmsr+ _mc bgnnrd sgd _ooqnoqh_sd noshnm-
5- B_qdetkkx qd_c sgd enkknvhmf RPK hmrsqtbshnmr+ _mc bgnnrd sgd _ooqnoqh_sd noshnm- Sgd
INA^HC bnktlm rgnvr sgd u_qhntr inar-
RDKDBS L W&BNTMS&)((
EQNL dloknxddr
FQNTO AX ina^hc+ cdoZqsldms^hc:
?- ?ffqdf_sd etmbshnmr b_mmns ad mdrsdc-
A- Sgd bnktlmr hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd ltrs _ood_q hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd enq sgd ptdqx
sn vnqj-
B- Sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd hr mns qdpthqdc hm sghr ptdqx-
C- Sgd RPK bncd vhkk oqnctbd sgd ghfgdrs mtladq ne inar vhsghm _ cdo_qsldms-
111 Bg_osdq 3 Trhmf Fqnto Etmbshnmr
6- Bgnnrd sgd RPK rs_sdldms sg_s g_r mn rxms_w dqqnq _mc hr u_khc-
?- RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ RTL&rZkZqx(
EQNL dloknxddr
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc ;= 4/
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc
G UHMF BNTMS&)( = 2/:
A- RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ RTL&rZkZqx( rtl^rZk
EQNL dloknxddr
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc ;= 4/
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc
G UHMF rtl^rZk = 2///:
B- RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ RTL&rZkZqx( rtl^rZk
EQNL dloknxddr
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc ;= 4/
MC rtl^rZk = 2///
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc:
C- RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ RTL&rZkZqx(
EQNL dloknxddr
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc ;= 4/
MC RTL&rZkZqx( = 2///
FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc:
7- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf RPK bncd+ _mc bgnnrd sgd lnrs _ooqnoqh_sd noshnm-
8- Sgd r_kdr nqcdq mtladq ’NQCDQ^MN( hr sgd oqhl_qx jdx hm sgd s_akd R KDR^NQCDQR-
Vghbg ptdqx vhkk qdstqm sgd sns_k mtladq ne nqcdqr hm sgd R KDR^NQCDQR s_akd>
?- RDKDBS BNTMS& KK nqcdq^mn( EQNL rZkdr^nqcdqr:
A- RDKDBS BNTMS&CHRSHMBS nqcdq^mn( EQNL rZkdr^nqcdqr:
B- RDKDBS BNTMS&nqcdq^mn( EQNL rZkdr^nqcdqr:
C- RDKDBS BNTMS&MUK&nqcdq^mn+/( EQNL rZkdr^nqcdqr:
D- ?kk ne sgd _anud
E- ? _mc B
0/- Rgdhk_ v_msr sn ehmc sgd ghfgdrs r_k_qx vhsghm d_bg cdo_qsldms ne sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd-
Vghbg ptdqx vhkk gdko gdq fds vg_s rgd v_msr>
?- RDKDBS L W&rZkZqx( EQNL dloknxddr:
A- RDKDBS L W&rZkZqx AX cdoZqsldms^hc( EQNL dloknxddr:
B- RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ L W&rZkZqx( lZw^rZk EQNL dloknxddr:
C- RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ L W&rZkZqx( EQNL dloknxddr FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc:
D- RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ L W&rZkZqx( EQNL dloknxddr TRHMF cdoZqsldms^hc
01- Vghbg bk_trdr hm sgd RDKDBS rs_sdldms b_m trd rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr mdrsdc hm _ffqdf_sd
etmbshnmr> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- RDKDBS
A- NQCDQ AX
B- VGDQD
C- FQNTO AX
113 Bg_osdq 3 Trhmf Fqnto Etmbshnmr
02- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf svn RPK rs_sdldmsr- Bgnnrd sgd lnrs _ooqnoqh_sd noshnm-
0- rdkdbs rtarsq&ehqrs^mZld+ 0+0( em+ RTL&rZkZqx( EQNL dloknxddr FQNTO AX
ehqrs^mZld:
1- rdkdbs rtarsq&ehqrs^mZld+ 0+0( em+ RTL&rZkZqx( EQNL dloknxddr FQNTO AX
rtarsq&ehqrs^mZld+ 0+0(:
?- Rs_sdldms 0 _mc 1 vhkk oqnctbd sgd r_ld qdrtks-
A- Rs_sdldms 0 _mc 1 vhkk oqnctbd cheedqdms qdrtksr-
B- Rs_sdldms 0 vhkk e_hk-
C- Rs_sdldms 1 vhkk e_hk+ ats rs_sdldms 0 vhkk rtbbddc-
03- Gnv vhkk sgd qdrtksr ne sgd enkknvhmf svn RPK rs_sdldmsr cheedq>
RsZsdldms 09
RDKDBS BNTMS&)(+ RTL&rZkZqx(
EQNL gq-dloknxddr:
RsZsdldms 19
RDKDBS BNTMS&rZkZqx(+ RTL&rZkZqx(
EQNL gq-dloknxddr:
?- Rs_sdldms 0 vhkk qdstqm nmd qnv+ _mc rs_sdldms 1 l_x qdstqm lnqd sg_m nmd qnv-
A- Ansg rs_sdldmsr vhkk e_hk adb_trd sgdx _qd lhrrhmf _ FQNTO AX bk_trd-
B- Ansg rs_sdldmsr vhkk qdstqm sgd r_ld qdrtksr-
C- Rs_sdldms 1 lhfgs qdstqm _ rl_kkdq BNTMS u_ktd sg_m rs_sdldms 0-
rdkdbs lZw&oqnc^oZbj^rhyd(
eqnl rg-oqnctbsr
vgdqd lhm&oqnc^vdhfgs^bkZrr( < 4:
?- ?m dwbdoshnm vhkk ad q_hrdc-
A- Sgd k_qfdrs OQNC^O BJ^RHYD enq qnvr bnms_hmhmf OQNC^VDHFGS^BK RR ne 4 nq ghfgdq-
B- Sgd k_qfdrs OQNC^O BJ^RHYD enq qnvr bnms_hmhmf OQNC^VDHFGS^BK RR ne 4-
C- Sgd k_qfdrs OQNC^O BJ^RHYD hm sgd RG-OQNCTBSR s_akd-
07- Vghbg bk_trd vhkk fdmdq_sd _m dqqnq vgdm sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx hr dwdbtsdc>
1/- Qd_c sgd enkknvhmf svn rs_sdldmsr+ _mc bgnnrd sgd adrs noshnm-
0- ? G UHMF bk_trd rgntkc _kv_xr _ood_q _esdq sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd-
1- ? FQNTO AX bk_trd rgntkc _kv_xr _ood_q _esdq sgd VGDQD bk_trd-
?- Rs_sdldms 0 _mc 1 _qd e_krd-
A- Rs_sdldms 0 hr sqtd+ _mc rs_sdldms 1 hr e_krd-
B- Rs_sdldms 0 hr e_krd+ _mc rs_sdldms 1 hr sqtd-
C- Rs_sdldmsr 0 _mc 1 _qd sqtd-
AfTosdp Trhmf Inhmr Zmc
4
Rtaptdqhdr
Vgdm s_akdr ’nq uhdvr nq l_sdqh_khydc uhdvr( _qd rodbhdc hm sgd EQNL bk_trd+ Nq_bkd
knnjr enq sgd naidbs hm sgd rbgdl_ ’nq trdq( bnmmdbsdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd- He sgd s_akd adknmfr
sn _mnsgdq rbgdl_+ xnt ltrs pt_khex hs vhsg sgd rbgdl_ m_ld- ’Xnt b_m _unhc sghr ax trhmf
rxmnmxlr+ vghbg _qd chrbtrrdc hm Bg_osdq 6+ 'Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr-–( Xnt b_m
trd sgd rbgdl_ nvmdq sn pt_khex _ s_akd: xnt b_m _krn trd sgd s_akd nvmdq _mc rbgdl_ nvmdq
sn pt_khex _ bnktlm- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd9
Sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr chrbtrr d_bg ne sgd rxms_w enqlr hm cds_hk- Hm _kk sgqdd rxms_wdr+
sgd jdxvnqc HMMDQ hr noshnm_k _mc hr sgd cde_tks-
M?STQ?K INHM
Sgd M STQ K jdxvnqc hmchb_sdr _ m_stq_k inhm+ vgdqd sgd inhm hr a_rdc nm _kk bnktlmr sg_s
g_ud sgd r_ld m_ld hm ansg s_akdr- Hm sghr sxod ne inhm+ xnt rgntkc mns pt_khex sgd bnktlm
m_ldr vhsg sgd s_akd m_ld nq s_akd _kh_r m_ld- Kds&r qdstqm sn sgd dw_lokd ne ptdqxhmf sgd
CDO QSLDMSR _mc KNB SHNMR s_akdr trhmf KNB SHNM^HC _r sgd inhm bnktlm- Sgd mdv Nq_bkd
rxms_w hr _r enkknvr9
Sgd bnllnm bnktlm hm sgdrd svn s_akdr hr KNB SHNM^HC+ _mc sg_s bnktlm hr trdc sn inhm
sgd s_akdr- Vgdm rodbhexhmf M STQ K INHM+ sgd bnktlmr vhsg sgd r_ld m_ld hm ansg s_akdr
rgntkc _krn g_ud sgd r_ld c_s_sxod- Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx vhkk qdstqm sgd r_ld qdrtksr9
Mnshbd sg_s dudm sgntfg sgd KNB SHNM^HC bnktlm hr hm ansg s_akdr+ xnt chc mns pt_khex
sghr bnktlm hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd- Xnt b_mmns pt_khex sgd bnktlm m_ldr trdc enq sgd inhm
vgdm trhmf sgd M STQ K INHM bk_trd- Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx vhkk qdrtks hm _m dqqnq9
Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx vhkk mns qdstqm _m dqqnq adb_trd sgd pt_khdq hr trdc nm _ bnktlm
sg_s&r mns o_qs ne sgd inhm bnmchshnm9
He xnt trd RDKDBS )+ bnllnm bnktlmr _qd khrsdc nmkx nmbd hm sgd qdrtks rds- Sgd enkknv,
hmf dw_lokd cdlnmrsq_sdr sghr- Sgd bnllnm bnktlm hm sgd BNTMSQHDR s_akd _mc sgd QDFHNMR
s_akd hr sgd QDFHNM^HC-
RDKDBS )
EQNL qdfhnmr M STQ K INHM bntmsqhdr:
Trhmf sgd INHM NM rxms_w nudq sgd sq_chshnm_k inhm ldsgnc rdo_q_sdr sgd s_akd inhmr eqnl sgd
nsgdq bnmchshnmr- Adb_trd sghr rxms_w dwokhbhskx rs_sdr sgd inhm bnmchshnm+ hs hr d_rhdq sn qd_c _mc
tmcdqrs_mc- Gdqd hr sgd sgqdd,s_akd dw_lokd xnt trdc hm sgd oqduhntr rdbshnm+ vqhssdm trhmf
sgd INHM–NM rxms_w- Mnshbd sgd trd ne _ pt_khdq nm sgd BNTMSQX^HC bnktlm: sghr hr qdpthqdc
adb_trd BNTMSQX^HC _ood_qr hm BNTMSQHDR _mc KNB SHNMR s_akdr-
Ltkshs_akd Inhmr
? ltkshs_akd inhm hr _ inhm ne lnqd sg_m svn s_akdr- Hm sgd ?MRH rxms_w+ inhmr _qd odqenqldc
eqnl kdes sn qhfgs- Sgd qrs inhm bnmchshnm b_m qdedqdmbd bnktlmr eqnl nmkx sgd qrs _mc rdbnmc
s_akdr: sgd rdbnmc inhm bnmchshnm b_m qdedqdmbd bnktlmr eqnl sgd qrs+ rdbnmc+ _mc sghqc s_akdr:
_mc rn nm- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd9
Sgd qrs inhm sn ad odqenqldc hr DLOKNXDDR _mc CDO QSLDMSR- Sgd qrs inhm bnmchshnm b_m
qdedqdmbd bnktlmr hm DLOKNXDDR _mc CDO QSLDMSR ats b_mmns qdedqdmbd bnktlmr hm KNB SHNMR-
Sgd rdbnmc inhm bnmchshnm b_m qdedqdmbd bnktlmr eqnl _kk sgqdd s_akdr-
Gnv Cn Xnt Rodbhex Inhm Bnmchshnmr Vgdm Xnt GZud Lnqd SgZm
Nmd Bnktlm sn Inhm:
Bnlo_mx WXY jddor cds_hkdc hmenql_shnm _ants btrsnldq fdnfq_ogx hm hsr otqbg_rd,
nqcdqr c_s_a_rd- Bnmrhcdq sgd s_akdr _mc c_s_ rgnvm gdqd- Enq rhlokhbhsx+ nmkx sgd hmsdq,
drshmf bnktlmr hm sgd s_akdr _qd trdc enq sghr dw_lokd- Enq sghr cdlnmrsq_shnm+ xnt _qd
hmsdqdrsdc hm sgqdd s_akdr9 BNTMSQX+ RS SD+ _mc BHSX-
BMS^BNCD RS RS^M LD
,,,,,,,,,, ,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
0 SW SDW R
0 B B KHENQMH
0 SM SDMMDRRD
80 SM S LHK M CT
80 JK JDQ K
RPK=
Sgd BMS^BNCD bnktlm qdk_sdr sgd BNTMSQX s_akd _mc sgd RS SD s_akd- Sgd RS^BNCD _mc
BMS^BNCD bnktlmr qdk_sd sgd RS SD s_akd _mc BHSX s_akd- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokdr rgnv
gnv sn inhm sgd RS SD _mc BHSX s_akdr sn fds hmenql_shnm nm sgd bntmsqx bncd+ rs_sd m_ld+
_mc bhsx m_ld-
QDFHNM^M LD BNTMSQX^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Dtqnod HrqZdk
ldqhbZr HrqZdk
rhZ HrqZdk
Lhcckd DZrs Zmc eqhbZ HrqZdk
Dtqnod HmchZ
ldqhbZr HmchZ
rhZ HmchZ
Lhcckd DZrs Zmc eqhbZ HmchZ
Dtqnod HsZkx
ldqhbZr HsZkx
rhZ HsZkx
Lhcckd DZrs Zmc eqhbZ HsZkx
Ntsdq Inhmr
Rn e_q+ xnt g_ud rddm nmkx hmmdq inhmr+ vghbg qdstqm itrs sgd l_sbgdc qnvr- Rnldshldr+
gnvdudq+ xnt lhfgs v_ms sn rdd sgd c_s_ eqnl nmd s_akd+ dudm he sgdqd hr mn bnqqdronmchmf
qnv hm sgd inhmhmf s_akd- Nq_bkd oqnuhcdr sgd ntsdq inhm ldbg_mhrl enq sghr- ?m ntsdq inhm
qdstqmr qdrtksr a_rdc nm sgd hmmdq inhm bnmchshnm+ _r vdkk _r sgd tml_sbgdc qnvr eqnl nmd
nq ansg ne sgd s_akdr-
Hm sq_chshnm_k Nq_bkd rxms_w+ sgd oktr rxlank rtqqntmcdc ax o_qdmsgdrdr+ &*(+ cdmnsdr
_m ntsdq inhm hm sgd ptdqx- Dmsdq &*( adrhcd sgd bnktlm m_ld ne sgd s_akd hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd
vgdqd sgdqd l_x mns ad _ bnqqdronmchmf qnv- Enq dw_lokd+ sn vqhsd _ ptdqx sg_s odqenqlr
_m ntsdq inhm ne s_akdr ? _mc A _mc qdstqmr _kk qnvr eqnl ?+ _ookx sgd ntsdq inhm nodq_snq
&*( sn _kk bnktlmr ne A hm sgd inhm bnmchshnm- Enq _kk qnvr hm ? sg_s g_ud mn l_sbghmf qnvr
hm A+ sgd ptdqx qdstqmr MTKK u_ktdr enq sgd bnktlmr hm A-
Bnmrhcdq _m dw_lokd trhmf sgd BNTMSQHDR _mc KNB SHNMR s_akdr- R_x xnt v_ms sn khrs sgd
bntmsqx m_ld _mc knb_shnm bhsx+ _mc xnt _krn v_ms sn rdd _kk sgd bntmsqhdr hm sgd BNTMSQHDR
Vqhshmf Ltkshokd,S_akd Ptdqhdr 130
s_akd- Sn odqenql sghr ntsdq inhm+ ok_bd _m ntsdq inhm nodq_snq adrhcd _kk bnktlmr qdedqdmbhmf
KNB SHNMR hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd9
BNTMSQX^M LD BHSX
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
trsqZkhZ Rxcmdx
AqZyhk RZn OZtkn
BZmZcZ Snqnmsn
BZmZcZ Vghsdgnqrd
RvhsydqkZmc FdmduZ
RvhsydqkZmc Adqm
BghmZ Adhihmf
FdqlZmx Ltmhbg
HmchZ AnlaZx
HsZkx Qnld
HsZkx Udmhbd
IZoZm Snjxn
IZoZm GhqnrghlZ
Ldwhbn Ldwhbn Bhsx
MdsgdqkZmcr Tsqdbgs
RhmfZonqd RhmfZonqd
Tmhsdc Jhmfcnl Knmcnm
Tmhsdc Jhmfcnl Nwenqc
Tmhsdc Jhmfcnl Rsqdsenqc
Tmhsdc RsZsdr ne ldqhbZ RntsgkZjd
Tmhsdc RsZsdr ne ldqhbZ Rntsg RZm EqZmbhrbn
Tmhsdc RsZsdr ne ldqhbZ Rntsg Aqtmrvhbj
Tmhsdc RsZsdr ne ldqhbZ RdZsskd
qfdmshmZ
HrqZdk
MhfdqhZ
Dfxos
JtvZhs
EqZmbd
Gnmf Jnmf
Adkfhtl
YhlaZavd
YZlahZ
CdmlZqj
131 Bg_osdq 4 Trhmf Inhmr _mc Rtaptdqhdr
Sgd nqcdq ne s_akdr hm sgd ptdqx&r EQNL bk_trd cdsdqlhmdr vgdsgdq sgd inhm hr _ kdes ntsdq
inhm nq _ qhfgs ntsdq inhm- Hm sgd oqduhntr dw_lokd+ xnt _qd rdkdbshmf _kk sgd qnvr eqnl sgd
s_akd _ood_qhmf nm sgd kdes ’BNTMSQHDR(: sgdqdenqd+ sghr ptdqx hr trhmf _ kdes ntsdq inhm-
He s_akdr ? _mc A _qd ntsdq,inhmdc ’EQNL ?+ A( _mc xnt mddc _kk qnvr eqnl A+ sgd ntsdq
inhm nodq_snq hr ok_bdc adrhcd _kk bnktlmr ne ?- Sghr hr _ qhfgs ntsdq inhm+ adb_trd xnt _qd
qdsqhduhmf _kk qnvr eqnl sgd s_akd nm sgd qhfgs rhcd ’s_akd A(- Hm ntsdq,inhm rxms_w trhmf sgd
&*( nodq_snq+ sgd ok_bdldms ne sgd ntsdq inhm nodq_snq+ &*(+ hr vg_s cdsdqlhmdr sgd s_akd
eqnl vgdqd _kk sgd qnvr _qd qdsqhdudc+ mns sgd nqcdq ne s_akdr: sgd nqcdq ne s_akdr cdsdqlhmdr
vgdsgdq hs hr _ kdes nq qhfgs ntsdq inhm- Vgdm trhmf sgd ?MRH rxms_w+ sgd kdes ntsdq inhm _mc
qhfgs ntsdq inhm rxms_wdr cdodmc nm sgd s_akd nqcdq-
Sgd ntsdq inhm nodq_snq+ &*(+ b_m _ood_q nmkx hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd- He sgdqd _qd ltkshokd
inhm bnmchshnmr adsvddm sgd s_akdr+ sgd ntsdq inhm nodq_snq rgntkc ad trdc _f_hmrs _kk sgd
bnmchshnmr- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx9
BNTMSQX^M LD BHSX
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,
BghmZ Adhihmf
HmchZ AnlaZx
RvhsydqkZmc Adqm
Dudm sgntfg xnt hmbktcdc sgd ntsdq inhm nodq_snq+ Nq_bkd itrs hfmnqdc hs+ _mc chc mns
oqnuhcd tml_sbgdc qnvr hm sgd ptdqx qdrtks- Sghr hr adb_trd xnt chc mns ok_bd sgd ntsdq
inhm nodq_snq adrhcd _kk sgd bnktlmr eqnl sgd KNB SHNMR s_akd- Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx vhkk
qdstqm sgd cdrhqdc qdrtks9
?m ntsdq inhm ’bnms_hmhmf sgd &*( nodq_snq( b_mmns ad bnlahmdc vhsg _mnsgdq bnmchshnm
trhmf sgd NQ nq HM knfhb_k nodq_snqr- Enq dw_lokd+ sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx hr mns u_khc9
Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx vnqjr adb_trd sgd ntsdq inhm nodq_snq hr trdc nm sgd KNB SHNMR
s_akd _mc sgd HM bnmchshnm hr trdc nm sgd bnktlm eqnl sgd BNTMSQHDR s_akd9
BNTMSQX^M LD BHSX
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,
HrqZdk
HmchZ AnlaZx
Sgd jdxvnqc NTSDQ adsvddm KDES _mc INHM hr noshnm_k- KDES INHM vhkk qdstqm sgd r_ld
qdrtks+ _r hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd9
Vgdm odqenqlhmf rdke,inhmr hm sgd ?MRH rxms_w+ xnt ltrs _kv_xr trd sgd INHM–NM
rxms_w- Xnt b_mmns trd M STQ K INHM _mc INHM–TRHMF- Hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd+ sgd
jdxvnqc HMMDQ hr noshnm_k- Sgd bdqshb_shnm dw_lokd _krn hmbktcdr _m _cchshnm_k VGDQD
bk_trd sn ksdq sgd qdbnqcr-
DLOKNXDD L M FDQ
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Qtrrdkk Jhmf
QZogZdkx Jhmf
Qnfdqr JZtekhmf
QZir Lntqfnr
Mnmdpt_khsx Inhmr
He sgd ptdqx hr qdk_shmf svn s_akdr trhmf _m dpt_khsx nodq_snq ’<(+ hs hr _m dpt_khsx inhm+ _krn
jmnvm _r _m hmmdq inhm nq _m dpthinhm+ _r chrbtrrdc d_qkhdq hm sghr bg_osdq- He _mx nsgdq nodq_,
snq hr trdc sn inhm sgd s_akdr hm sgd ptdqx+ hs hr _ mnmdpt_khsx inhm- Kds&r bnmrhcdq _m dw_lokd
ne _ mnmdpt_khsx inhm- Sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd g_r _ bnktlm m_ldc R K QX: sgd FQ CDR s_akd g_r
sgd q_mfd ne r_k_qx u_ktdr sg_s bnqqdronmc sn d_bg fq_cd-
FQ CD KNV^R K QX GHFG^R K QX
,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,
O4 / 2///
O3 2//0 4///
O2 4//0 6///
O1 6//0 0////
O0 0///0
Sn mc nts vghbg fq_cd d_bg dloknxdd adknmfr sn+ trd sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx- Xnt khlhs sgd
qnvr qdstqmdc ax trhmf kZrs^mZld KHJD £Q$£-
K RS^M LD R K QX FQ
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,
Qtrrdkk 03/// O0
QZogZdkx 00/// O0
QZir 24// O3
Qnfdqr 18// O4
Xnt b_m vqhsd sgd r_ld ptdqx trhmf sgd ?MRH rxms_w _r enkknvr9
Nodq_snq Cdrbqhoshnm
LHMTR Qdstqmr tmhptd qnvr rdkdbsdc ax sgd ehqrs ptdqx ats mns
sgd qnvr rdkdbsdc eqnl sgd rdbnmc ptdqx
137 Bg_osdq 4 Trhmf Inhmr _mc Rtaptdqhdr
Vd&kk chrbtrr _kk ne sgdrd hm _ ahs+ ats kds&r qrs bnmrhcdq sgd DLOKNXDD s_akd _mc sgd
enkknvhmf svn ptdqhdr sn hkktrsq_sd sgd trd ne rds nodq_snqr9
K RS^M LD GHQD^C SD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,
Jhmf 06,ITM,/2
JnbggZq 10,RDO,/4
Cd GZZm 02,I M,/0
K RS^M LD GHQD^C SD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,
JZtekhmf /0,L X,/2
Jgnn 07,L X,/2
Jhmf 2/,I M,/3
Jhmf 06,ITM,/2
JnbggZq 10,RDO,/4
JtlZq 10, OQ,/7
K RS^M LD GHQD^C SD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,
Cd GZZm 02,I M,/0
14 Bg_osdq 4 Trhmf Inhmr _mc Rtaptdqhdr
K RS^M LD GHQD^C SD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,
Jhmf 06,ITM,/2
JnbggZq 10,RDO,/4
K RS^M LD GHQD^C SD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,
Cd GZZm 02,I M,/0
NQCDQ AX bk_trd enq d_bg ptdqx _ood_qhmf vhsg sgd rds nodq_snqr- Enq dw_lokd+ sgd enkknvhmf
ptdqx vhkk oqnctbd _m dqqnq9
TMHNM KK
)
DQQNQ Zs khmd 49
NQ ,//8229 RPK bnllZmc mns oqnodqkx dmcdc
Xnt b_m trd sgd bnktlm m_ld nq _kh_r m_ld trdc hm sgd qrs ptdqx nq onrhshnm_k mns_shnm
hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd- Gdqd _qd svn dw_lokdr ’sgd qdrtks hr sgd r_ld enq ansg ptdqhdr(9
Rhmfkd,Qnv Rtaptdqhdr
Rhmfkd,qnv rtaptdqhdr qdstqm nmkx nmd qnv ne qdrtksr- ? rhmfkd,qnv rtaptdqx trdr _ rhmfkd,
qnv nodq_snq: sgd bnllnm nodq_snq hr sgd dpt_khsx nodq_snq ’<(- Bnmrhcdq _m dw_lokd trhmf
sgd s_akdr eqnl sgd GQ rbgdl_- Sn mc sgd m_ld ne sgd dloknxdd vhsg sgd ghfgdrs r_k_qx+
xnt qrs mddc sn mc sgd ghfgdrs r_k_qx trhmf _ rtaptdqx- Sgdm xnt b_m dwdbtsd sgd o_qdms
ptdqx vhsg sgd qdrtks eqnl sgd rtaptdqx-
K RS^M LD EHQRS^M LD R K QX
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
Jhmf Rsdudm 13///
Sgd o_qdms ptdqx ne _ rhmfkd,qnv rtaptdqx b_m qdstqm lnqd sg_m nmd qnv- Enq dw_lokd+
sn mc sgd m_ldr _mc r_k_qhdr ne dloknxddr vgn vnqj hm sgd _bbntmshmf cdo_qsldms+ xnt
mddc sn mc sgd cdo_qsldms mtladq enq _bbntmshmf hm _ rtaptdqx _mc sgdm dwdbtsd sgd
o_qdms ptdqx9
K RS^M LD EHQRS^M LD R K QX
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
Ghffhmr Rgdkkdx 01//7
Fhdsy VhkkhZl 72//
?kk rhmfkd,qnv bnlo_qhrnm nodq_snqr b_m ad trdc hm sgd rhmfkd,qnv rtaptdqx ’<+ =+ =<+ ;+
;<+ nq ;=(- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd trdr svn rtaptdqhdr- Rn+ sgdqd _qd sgqdd ptdqx aknbjr hm
sns_k- Sgd svn hmmdq ptdqx aknbjr ’rtaptdqhdr( _qd dwdbtsdc qrs+ _mc sgdhq qdrtks hr o_rrdc
nm sn sgd ntsdq ptdqx ’o_qdms ptdqx( sn bnlokdsd hsr oqnbdrrhmf-
Rhlhk_q sn sgd VGDQD bk_trd+ _ rtaptdqx b_m ad trdc hm sgd G UHMF bk_trd- Sgd enkknvhmf
ptdqx khrsr sgd k_sdrs ghqd c_sdr ax cdo_qsldmsr sg_s g_ud ghqdc _m dloknxdd _esdq sgd qrs
dloknxdd v_r ghqdc hm cdo_qsldms 7/9
Ltkshokd,Qnv Rtaptdqhdr
Ltkshokd,qnv rtaptdqhdr qdstqm lnqd sg_m nmd qnv ne qdrtksr eqnl sgd rtaptdqx- Hs hr r_edq
sn oqnuhcd sgd ltkshokd,qnv nodq_snqr hm sgd rtaptdqhdr he xnt _qd mns rtqd ne sgd qdrtksr- Hm
sgd oqduhntr ptdqx+ he sgdqd hr lnqd sg_m nmd cdo_qsldms HC vhsg sgd m_ld _bbntmshmf+ sgd
ptdqx vhkk e_hk-
Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx qdstqmr sgqdd qnvr eqnl sgd rtaptdqx- Hs khrsr _kk sgd dloknxddr vgn
vnqj enq sgd r_ld cdo_qsldms _r Ingm cndr-
Sgd ptdqx e_hkdc adb_trd xnt trdc _ rhmfkd,qnv nodq_snq vhsg _ ltkshokd,qnv rtaptdqx-
Bg_mfd sgd < sn _ ltkshokd,qnv nodq_snq sn l_jd sgd ptdqx vnqj9
HM hr sgd lnrs bnllnmkx trdc ltkshokd,qnv rtaptdqx nodq_snq- Nsgdq nodq_snqr _qd
DWHRSR+ MX+ RNLD+ _mc KK- Xnt l_x trd MNS vhsg sgd HM _mc DWHRSR nodq_snqr-
MX _mc RNLD _qd rxmnmxlntr nodq_snqr- MX+ RNLD+ _mc KK nodq_snqr ltrs _kv_xr ad
oqdbdcdc ax _mx ne sgd rhmfkd,qnv bnmchshnm_k nodq_snqr ’<+ =+ =<+ ;+ ;<+ nq ;=( _mc _qd trdc
sn bnlo_qd _ u_ktd sn d_bg u_ktd qdstqmdc ax sgd rtaptdqx- S_akd 4-1 khrsr sgd ld_mhmfr ne
sgd MX _mc KK nodq_snqr vgdm trdc vhsg cheedqdms bnmchshnm_k nodq_snqr-
Nodq_shnm Ld_mhmf
Kds&r qduhdv sgd MX _mc KK nodq_snqr trhmf dw_lokdr- Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx vhkk ad trdc
hm sgd mdws rtaptdqx trhmf sgd MX nodq_snq- Sgd rtaptdqx qdstqmr sgd 01/// _mc 72// u_ktdr-
Sgd lhmhltl hr 72//- Sgd rdbnmc ptdqx qdstqmr r_k_qhdr dpt_k sn nq _anud 72// sg_s cn mns
adknmf sn cdo_qsldms 7/-
R K QX
,,,,,,,,,,
01//7
72//
145 Bg_osdq 4 Trhmf Inhmr _mc Rtaptdqhdr
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd khrsr nmkx sgd r_k_qhdr sg_s _qd lnqd sg_m sgd l_whltl ’01//7(
qdstqmdc eqnl sgd rtaptdqx9
Xnt b_m trd sgd CHRSHMBS jdxvnqc hm sgd rtaptdqx vgdm trhmf MX nq KK nodq_snqr sn
oqdudms qnvr eqnl adhmf rdkdbsdc ltkshokd shldr-
?r rgnvm hm sgd enkknvhmf RPK+ sgdqd hr nmd qdbnqc hm sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd vgdqd xnt
g_ud _ MTKK CDO QSLDMS^HC9
K RS^M LD EHQRS^M LD R K QX
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
FqZms Jhladqdkx 6///
Kds&r trd sghr bnktlm hm sgd rtaptdqx _mc rdd vg_s g_oodmr9
mn qnvr rdkdbsdc
RPK=
Hm sgd oqduhntr dw_lokd+ sgd ntsdq ptdqx vhkk qdstqm _ u_ktd nmkx he sgd CDO QSLDMS^HC
bnktlm l_sbgdr rnld u_ktd- ?ksgntfg sgd hmmdq ptdqx qdstqmdc MTKK+ sgd ntsdq ptdqx vhkk
mns l_sbg enq MTKK+ rhmbd MTKK ≠ MTKK- Kds&r qduhdv _mnsgdq dw_lokd- Hm sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx+
nmkx Snah_r g_r _ MTKK r_k_qx u_ktd9
K RS^M LD R K QX
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
QZogZdkx 00///
Jgnn 20//
AZhcZ 18//
SnahZr
Ghltqn 15//
BnkldmZqdr 14//
Vgdm xnt trd sghr rtaptdqx+ xnt dwodbs sn rdd rnld qdrtksr+ adb_trd xnt jmnv sgd
DLOKNXDDR s_akd g_r lnqd sg_m ud cheedqdms r_k_qx u_ktdr9
He sgd rb_k_q rtaptdqx qdstqmr lnqd sg_m nmd qnv+ sgd ptdqx vhkk e_hk- He sgd rb_k_q rtaptdqx
qdstqmr mn qnvr+ sgd u_ktd hr MTKK-
Sgd enkknvhmf chbshnm_qx uhdvr _qd adrs eqhdmcr ne _ CA?- Sgdx rgnv sgd lnrs bqhshb_k _rodbs
ne sgd c_s_a_rd eqnl sgd trdq odqrodbshud”sgd ro_bd _kknb_sdc _mc eqdd- He sgd CA? hr mns
lnmhsnqhmf sgd fqnvsg _mc eqdd ro_bd _u_hk_akd hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgdx vhkk oqna_akx fds b_kkr
eqnl sgd trdq bnlltmhsx r_xhmf sgdx q_m nts ne ro_bd hm sgd s_akdro_bd- Kdszr athkc _ ptdqx
trhmf entq chbshnm_qx uhdvr ’xnt l_x mddc sgd RDKDBS^B S KNF^QNKD oqhuhkdfd sn ptdqx
sgdrd uhdvr(-
Sn “mc sgd sns_k ro_bd _kknb_sdc sn d_bg s_akdro_bd+ xnt mddc sn ptdqx CA ^C S ^EHKDR
_mc CA ^SDLO^EHKDR- Adb_trd xnt _qd trhmf _ fqnto etmbshnm ’RTL( _knmf vhsg _ mnm_f,
fqdf_sdc bnktlm ’sZakdroZbd^mZld(+ sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd hr _ ltrs- Mnshbd sgd trd ne _m
_qhsgldshb nodq_shnm nm sgd _ffqdf_sdc qdrtks sn chrok_x sgd axsdr hm ldf_axsdr-
Xnt b_m “mc sgd sns_k _lntms ne eqdd ro_bd hm d_bg s_akdro_bd trhmf sgd CA ^EQDD^RO BD
uhdv- Mnshbd sg_s sgd eqdd ro_bd eqnl sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd hr mns rgnvm hm sghr ptdqx-
Kdszr sqx sn chrok_x sgd sns_k rhyd ne sgd s_akdro_bdr _mc sgdhq eqdd ro_bd rhcd,ax,rhcd trhmf _
TMHNM KK ptdqx- TMHNM KK hr trdc sn _unhc rnqshmf- TMHNM vhkk oqnctbd sgd r_ld qdrtks-
Sgd qdrtks hr mns dw_bskx vg_s xnt dwodbsdc- Xnt v_ms sn rdd sgd eqdd,ro_bd hmenql_shnm
adrhcd d_bg s_akdro_bd- Kds%r inhm sgd qdrtksr ne sgd sns_k ro_bd vhsg sgd eqdd ro_bd _mc
rdd vg_s g_oodmr- Gdqd xnt _qd bqd_shmf svn rtaptdqhdr ’hmkhmd uhdvr snsZkroZbd
_mc eqddroZbd( _mc inhmhmf sgdl snfdsgdq trhmf sgd sZakdroZbd^mZld bnktlm-
TMHNM KK
RDKDBS sZakdroZbd^mZld+ RTL&axsdr(.0/37465 LAxsdr
EQNL caZ^sdlo^ehkdr
FQNTO AX sZakdroZbd^mZld( snsZkroZbd
INHM
&RDKDBS sZakdroZbd^mZld+ /+ RTL&axsdr(.0/37465 LAxsdrEqdd
EQNL caZ^eqdd^roZbd
FQNTO AX sZakdroZbd^mZld( eqddroZbd
TRHMF &sZakdroZbd^mZld(:
Xnt _qd _klnrs sgdqd: sgd nmkx hsdl lhrrhmf hr hmenql_shnm _ants sgd sdlonq_qx
s_akdro_bd- Adb_trd sgd sdlonq_qx,s_akdro_bd eqdd,ro_bd hmenql_shnm hr mns hmbktcdc
hm sgd eqddroZbd rtaptdqx _mc xnt trdc _m HMMDQ inhm bnmchshnm+ sgd qdrtks rds chc mns
hmbktcd sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bdr- Mnv he xnt bg_mfd sgd HMMDQ INHM sn _m NTSDQ INHM+
xnt%kk fds sgd cdrhqdc qdrtks9
?mnsgdq ldsgnc sn vqhsd sgd r_ld ptdqx vntkc ad sn trd sgd ptdqx xnt athks d_qkhdq _mc
_ffqdf_sd hsr qdrtks trhmf _m ntsdq ptdqx+ _r rgnvm gdqd9
Ltkshokd,Bnktlm Rtaptdqhdr
? rtaptdqx hr ltkshokd,bnktlm vgdm xnt g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd bnktlm hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd ne
sgd rtaptdqx- Ltkshokd,bnktlm rtaptdqhdr _qd fdmdq_kkx trdc sn bnlo_qd bnktlm bnmchshnmr
nq hm _m TOC SD rs_sdldms- Kds&r bnmrhcdq _ rhlokd dw_lokd trhmf sgd RS SD _mc BHSX s_akdr
rgnvm gdqd9
RDKDBS bsx^mZld
EQNL bhsx
VGDQD &bms^bncd+ rs^bncd( HM
&RDKDBS bms^bncd+ rs^bncd
EQNL rsZsd
VGDQD rs^mZld < £SDW R£(:
BSX^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,
C KK R
157 Bg_osdq 4 Trhmf Inhmr _mc Rtaptdqhdr
TOC SD dloknxddr d0
RDS rZkZqx < &RDKDBS L W&rZkZqx(
EQNL dloknxddr d1
VGDQD d0-cdoZqsldms^hc < d1-cdoZqsldms^hc(:
Sn cdkdsd sgd qdbnqcr ne dloknxddr vgnrd r_k_qx hr kdrr sg_m sgd _udq_fd r_k_qx hm sgd
cdo_qsldms ’trhmf _ bnqqdk_sdc rtaptdqx(+ trd sghr9
Sn rodbhex _ rtaptdqx hm sgd U KTDR bk_trd ne sgd HMRDQS rs_sdldms+ trd sghr9
Xnt b_m _krn g_ud _ rtaptdqx hm sgd HMRDQS+ TOC SD+ _mc CDKDSD rs_sdldmsr hm ok_bd ne
sgd s_akd m_ld- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd9
CDKDSD EQNL
&RDKDBS ) EQNL cdoZqsldmsr
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc = 1//(
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc < 17/:
Sgd rtaptdqx b_m g_ud _m noshnm_k VHSG bk_trd- VHSG QD C NMKX rodbhdr sg_s sgd rtaptdqx
b_mmns ad toc_sdc- VHSG BGDBJ NOSHNM rodbhdr sg_s he sgd rtaptdqx hr trdc hm ok_bd ne _ s_akd
hm _m HMRDQS+ TOC SD+ nq CDKDSD rs_sdldms+ Nq_bkd vhkk mns _kknv _mx bg_mfdr sn sgd s_akd sg_s
vntkc oqnctbd qnvr sg_s _qd mns hmbktcdc hm sgd rtaptdqx- Kds&r knnj _s _m dw_lokd9
0 qnv bqdZsdc-
Rtll_qx
Hm sghr bg_osdq+ xnt kd_qmdc sn qdsqhdud c_s_ eqnl ltkshokd s_akdr- Vd adf_m ax chrbtrrhmf
s_akd inhmr- Xnt _krn kd_qmdc gnv sn trd rtaptdqhdr _mc rds nodq_snqr-
Inhmr _qd trdc sn qdk_sd svn nq lnqd s_akdr ’nq uhdvr(- Hm _ qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rd+ hs hr bnl,
lnm sn g_ud _ qdpthqdldms sn inhm c_s_- Sgd s_akdr _qd inhmdc ax trhmf _ bnllnm bnktlm hm
sgd s_akdr hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd ne sgd ptdqx- Nq_bkd rtoonqsr ?MRH.HRN RPK0888 rxms_w enq
inhmr- Trhmf sghr rxms_w+ sgd s_akdr _qd inhmdc trhmf sgd INHM jdxvnqc+ _mc _ bnmchshnm b_m
ad rodbhdc trhmf sgd NM bk_trd-
He sgd inhm bnmchshnm trdr sgd dpt_khsx nodq_snq ’< nq HM(+ hs hr jmnvm _r _m dpt_khsx inhm-
He _mx nsgdq nodq_snq hr trdc sn inhm sgd s_akdr+ hs hr _ mnmdpt_khsx inhm- He xnt cn mns rodbhex
_mx inhm bnmchshnm adsvddm sgd s_akdr+ sgd qdrtks vhkk ad _ B_qsdrh_m oqnctbs9 d_bg qnv eqnl
sgd qrs s_akd inhmdc sn dudqx qnv hm sgd rdbnmc s_akd- Sn _unhc B_qsdrh_m inhmr+ sgdqd rgntkc
ad _s kd_rs m,0 inhm bnmchshnmr hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd vgdm sgdqd _qd m s_akdr hm sgd EQNL bk_trd-
? s_akd b_m ad inhmdc sn hsrdke- He xnt v_ms sn rdkdbs sgd qdrtksr eqnl _ s_akd+ dudm he sgdqd _qd
mn bnqqdronmchmf qnvr hm sgd inhmdc s_akd+ xnt b_m trd sgd ntsdq inhm nodq_snq9 &*(- Hm sgd
?MRH rxms_w+ xnt b_m trd sgd M STQ K INHM+ BQNRR INHM+ KDES INHM+ QHFGS INHM+ _mc ETKK
INHM jdxvnqcr sn rodbhex sgd sxod ne inhm-
? rtaptdqx hr _ ptdqx vhsghm _ ptdqx- Vqhshmf rtaptdqhdr hr _ onvdqetk v_x sn l_mhotk_sd
c_s_- Xnt b_m vqhsd rhmfkd,qnv _mc ltkshokd,qnv rtaptdqhdr- Rhmfkd,qnv rtaptdqhdr ltrs
qdstqm ydqn nq nmd qnv: ltkshokd,qnv rtaptdqhdr qdstqm ydqn nq lnqd qnvr- HM _mc DWHRSR _qd
sgd lnrs bnllnmkx trdc rtaptdqx nodq_snqr- Rtaptdqhdr b_m _ood_q hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd nq
hm sgd EQNL bk_trd- Sgdx b_m _krn qdok_bd s_akd m_ldr hm RDKDBS+ CDKDSD+ HMRDQS+ _mc TOC SD
rs_sdldmsr- Rtaptdqhdr sg_s qdstqm nmd qnv _mc nmd bnktlm qdrtks _qd jmnvm _r rb_k_q rta,
ptdqhdr- Rb_k_q rtaptdqhdr b_m ad trdc hm lnrs ok_bdr vgdqd xnt vntkc trd _m dwoqdrrhnm-
16 Bg_osdq 4 Trhmf Inhmr _mc Rtaptdqhdr
Rds nodq_snqr _qd trdc sn bnlahmd sgd qdrtksr ne lnqd sg_m nmd ptdqx hmsn nmd- D_bg
ptdqx hr rdo_q_sd _mc vhkk vnqj nm hsr nvm- Entq rds nodq_snqr _qd _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd9
TMHNM+ TMHNM KK+ LHMTR+ _mc HMSDQRDBS-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Tmcdqrs_mc inhmr- L_jd rtqd xnt jmnv sgd cheedqdms sxodr ne inhmr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd
cheedqdmbd adsvddm m_stq_k+ bqnrr+ rhlokd+ bnlokdw+ _mc ntsdq inhmr-
Jmnv sgd cheedqdms ntsdq inhm bk_trdr- Xnt b_m rodbhex ntsdq inhmr trhmf KDES+ QHFGS+ nq
ETKK- Jmnv sgd rxms_w ne d_bg sxod ne inhm-
Ad rtqd ne sgd inhm rxms_w- Rodmc shld oq_bshbhmf d_bg sxod ne inhm trhmf sgd ?MRH rxms_w-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd qdrsqhbshnmr ne trhmf d_bg ?MRH jdxvnqc hm sgd INHM _mc sgdhq hlokhdc
bnktlm,m_lhmf bnmudmshnmr-
Jmnv gnv sn vqhsd rtaptdqhdr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd trd _mc dwhahkhsx ne rtaptdqhdr- Oq_bshbd
trhmf rb_k_q rtaptdqhdr _mc bnqqdk_sdc rtaptdqhdr-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd trd ne sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd hm sgd rtaptdqhdr- Xnt b_m trd sgd NQCDQ AX
bk_trd hm _kk rtaptdqhdr+ dwbdos sgd rtaptdqhdr _ood_qhmf hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd ne sgd ptdqx-
Xnt b_m trd sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd hm sgd rtaptdqhdr-
Jmnv sgd rds nodq_snqr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd rds nodq_snqr sg_s b_m ad trdc hm bnlontmc ptdqhdr-
Jmnv sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm sgd TMHNM _mc TMHNM KK nodq_snqr-
Tmcdqrs_mc vgdqd xnt b_m rodbhex sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd vgdm trhmf rds nodq_snqr- Vgdm
trhmf rds nodq_snqr sn inhm svn nq lnqd ptdqhdr+ sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd b_m _ood_q nmkx _s sgd
udqx dmc ne sgd ptdqx- Xnt b_m rodbhex sgd bnktlm m_ldr _r sgdx _ood_q hm sgd sno ptdqx nq
trd onrhshnm_k mns_shnm-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 160
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Vghbg khmd ne bncd g_r _m dqqnq>
?- RDKDBS cmZld+ dmZld
A- EQNL dlo d+ cdos c
B- VGDQD dlo-cdosmn < cdos-cdosmn
C- NQCDQ AX 0+ 1:
?- Khrs _kk sgd btrsnldq m_ldr hm sgd BTRSNLDQR s_akd _mc sgd nqcdqr sgdx l_cd eqnl
sgd NQCDQR s_akd+ dudm he sgd btrsnldq g_r mns ok_bdc _m nqcdq-
A- Khrs nmkx sgd m_ldr ne btrsnldqr eqnl sgd BTRSNLDQR s_akd vgn g_ud ok_bdc _m
nqcdq hm sgd NQCDQR s_akd-
B- Khrs _kk nqcdqr eqnl sgd NQCDQR s_akd+ dudm he sgdqd hr mn u_khc btrsnldq qdbnqc hm
sgd BTRSNLDQR s_akd-
C- Enq d_bg qdbnqc hm sgd BTRSNLDQR s_akd+ khrs sgd hmenql_shnm eqnl sgd NQCDQR s_akd-
Vgdm sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx hr dwdbtsdc+ vg_s vhkk ad sgd u_ktd ne OQNC^HC _mc NQC^C SD
enq sgd btrsnldq ?aq_g_l S_xknq+ Iq->
3- Vgdm trhmf ?MRH inhm rxms_w+ vghbg bk_trd hr trdc sn rodbhex _ inhm bnmchshnm>
?- INHM
A- TRHMF
B- NM
C- VGDQD
4- Sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd g_r DLOKNXDD^HC+ CDO QSLDMS^HC+ _mc ETKK^M LD bnktlmr- Sgd
CDO QSLDMSR s_akd g_r CDO QSLDMS^HC _mc CDO QSLDMS^M LD bnktlmr- Vghbg svn ne sgd
enkknvhmf ptdqhdr qdstqm sgd cdo_qsldms HC+ m_ld+ _mc dloknxdd m_ld+ khrshmf cdo_qs,
ldms m_ldr dudm he sgdqd hr mn dloknxdd _rrhfmdc sn sg_s cdo_qsldms> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- RDKDBS c-cdoZqsldms^hc+ c-cdoZqsldms^mZld+ d-etkk^mZld EQNL
cdoZqsldmsr c M STQ K KDES NTSDQ INHM dloknxddr d:
A- RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ cdoZqsldms^mZld+ etkk^mZld EQNL cdoZqsldmsr
M STQ K KDES INHM dloknxddr:
B- RDKDBS c-cdoZqsldms^hc+ c-cdoZqsldms^mZld+ d-etkk^mZld EQNL
cdoZqsldmsr c KDES NTSDQ INHM dloknxddr dTRHMF &c-cdoZqsldms^hc(:
C- RDKDBS c-cdoZqsldms^hc+ c-cdoZqsldms^mZld+ d-etkk^mZld EQNL
cdoZqsldmsr c KDES NTSDQ INHM dloknxddr dNM &c-cdoZqsldms^hc <
d-cdoZqsldms^hc(:
5- Vghbg svn nodq_snqr _qd mns _kknvdc vgdm trhmf _m ntsdq inhm nodq_snq hm sgd ptdqx>
’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- NQ
A- MC
B- HM
C- <
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 162
6- Vghbg RPK rs_sdldmsr cn mns fhud _m dqqnq> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ d-ghqd^cZsd+ cdoZqsldms^hc
EQNL dloknxddr d
INHM &RDKDBS lZw&ghqd^cZsd( lZw^ghqd^cZsd
EQNL dloknxddr NQCDQ AX 0( ld
NM &d-ghqd^cZsd < ld-lZw^ghqd^cZsd(
A- RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ d-ghqd^cZsd+ cdoZqsldms^hc
EQNL dloknxddr d
VGDQD ghqd^cZsd <
&RDKDBS lZw&ghqd^cZsd( lZw^ghqd^cZsd
EQNL dloknxddr NQCDQ AX 0(
B- RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ d-ghqd^cZsd+ cdoZqsldms^hc
EQNL dloknxddr d
VGDQD &cdoZqsldms^hc+ ghqd^cZsd( HM
&RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ lZw&ghqd^cZsd( ghqd^cZsd
EQNL dloknxddr FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc(
C- RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ d-ghqd^cZsd+ cdoZqsldms^hc
EQNL dloknxddr d INHM
&RDKDBS cdoZqsldms^hc+ lZw&ghqd^cZsd( ghqd^cZsd
EQNL dloknxddr FQNTO AX cdoZqsldms^hc( ld
TRHMF &ghqd^cZsd(
163 Bg_osdq 4 Trhmf Inhmr _mc Rtaptdqhdr
7- Sgd bnktlmr ne sgd DLOKNXDDR+ CDO QSLDMSR+ _mc INAR s_akdr _qd rgnvm gdqd9
R K QX MTLADQ ’7+1(
?- Sgd ptdqx qdstqmr _kk sgd qnvr eqnl sgd DLOKNXDD s_akd+ vgdqd sgdqd hr _
bnqqdronmchmf qdbnqc hm sgd INAR s_akd _mc sgd CDO QSLDMSR s_akd-
A- Sgd ptdqx e_hkr vhsg _m hmu_khc bnktlm m_ld dqqnq-
B- Sgd ptdqx e_hkr adb_trd khmd 2 rodbhehdr HMMDQ INHM+ vghbg hr mns _ u_khc rxms_w-
C- Sgd ptdqx e_hkr adb_trd khmd 4 cndr mns rodbhex sgd jdxvnqc HMMDQ-
D- Sgd ptdqx e_hkr adb_trd sgd bnktlm m_ldr _qd pt_khehdc vhsg sgd s_akd _kh_r-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 164
8- Sgd bnktlmr ne sgd DLOKNXDDR _mc CDO QSLDMSR s_akdr _qd rgnvm hm ptdrshnm 7- Bnmrhcdq
sgd enkknvhmf sgqdd ptdqhdr trhmf sgnrd s_akdr-
RDKDBS bms^bncd
EQNL rsZsd
VGDQD rs^mZld < &RDKDBS rs^mZld EQNL rsZsd
VGDQD rs^bncd < £SM£(:
00- Sgd c_s_ hm sgd RS SD s_akd hr rgnvm hm ptdrshnm 0/- Sgd c_s_ hm sgd BHSX s_akd hr _r
rgnvm gdqd9
?- SDW R
A- Sgd ptdqx vhkk e_hk adb_trd BMS^BNCD _mc RS^BNCD _qd mns hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd ne
sgd rtaptdqx-
B- Sgd ptdqx vhkk e_hk adb_trd lnqd sg_m nmd bnktlm _ood_qr hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd-
C- SW
?- Khmd 2
A- Khmd 3
B- Khmd 4
C- Khmd 6
D- Mn dqqnq
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 166
Vg_s u_ktd hr qdstqmdc eqnl sgd rtaptdqx vgdm xnt dwdbtsd sgd enkknvhmf>
RDKDBS BMS^M LD
EQNL bntmsqx
VGDQD BMS^BNCD <
&RDKDBS L W&bms^bncd( EQNL bntmsqx(:
?- HMCH
A- 54
B- 80
C- RHMF ONQD
?- Khmd 1
A- Khmd 2
B- Khmd 3
C- Khmd 4
167 Bg_osdq 4 Trhmf Inhmr _mc Rtaptdqhdr
07- Qduhdv sgd RPK bncd+ _mc bgnnrd sgd khmd mtladq sg_s g_r _m dqqnq-
?- 0
A- 2
B- 5
C- 6
D- Mn dqqnq
1/- Sgd bnktlmr ne sgd DLOKNXDDR _mc CDO QSLDMSR s_akdr _qd rgnvm hm ptdrshnm 7- Vghbg
ptdqx vhkk rgnv xnt sgd sno ehud ghfgdrs,o_hc dloknxddr hm sgd bnlo_mx>
?- RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ rZkZqxEQNL dloknxddrVGDQD QNVMTL ;< 4NQCDQ AX
rZkZqx CDRB:
A- RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ rZkZqxEQNL &RDKDBS )EQNL dloknxddrVGDQD QNVMTL ;<
4NQCDQ AX rZkZqx CDRB (VGDQD QNVMTL ;< 4:
B- RDKDBS ) EQNL&RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ rZkZqxEQNL dloknxddrNQCDQ AX rZkZqx(
VGDQD QNVMTL ;< 4:
C- RDKDBS ) EQNL&RDKDBS kZrs^mZld+ rZkZqxEQNL dloknxddrNQCDQ AX rZkZqx
CDRB(VGDQD QNVMTL ;< 4:
AfTosdp LZmhotkZshmf CZsZ
Rs_sdldms Otqonrd
Xnt b_m _krn trd etmbshnmr khjd RXRC SD nq TRDQ hm sgd HMRDQS rs_sdldms- Rdd sgdrd
dw_lokdr9
Xnt b_m _cc qnvr vhsg rodbhb c_s_ u_ktdr+ _r xnt g_ud rddm hm sgd dw_lokdr+ nq xnt b_m
bqd_sd qnvr eqnl dwhrshmf c_s_ trhmf _ rtaptdqx-
Xnt b_m trd RDKDBS ) EQNL he sgd rntqbd _mc cdrshm_shnm s_akd g_ud sgd r_ld rsqtbstqd+
_r rgnvm hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd9
Sgd jdxvnqc KK sdkkr Nq_bkd sn du_kt_sd d_bg _mc dudqx VGDM bk_trd+ vgdsgdq nq mns _mx
du_kt_sd sn SQTD- Hm bnmsq_rs+ sgd EHQRS jdxvnqc sdkkr Nq_bkd sn rsno du_kt_shmf VGDM bk_trdr
_esdq dmbntmsdqhmf sgd qrs nmd sg_s du_kt_sdr sn SQTD- Sgd VGDM bk_trd _mc sgd HMSN bk_trd
b_m ad qdod_sdc-
Rtoonrd sg_s xntq bnlo_mx+ R_kdr Hmb-+ rdkkr annjr+ uhcdnr+ _mc _tchn BCr- Xnt g_ud _
R KDR^CDS HK s_akd sg_s bnms_hmr hmenql_shnm _ants _kk sgd r_kdr _mc hr trdc ax sgd rdkkhmf
rxrsdl- Xnt mddc sn kn_c sghr hmenql_shnm hmsn sgqdd nsgdq s_akdr sg_s enbtr rodbhb_kkx nm sgd
sgqdd oqnctbs b_sdfnqhdr9 Annj+ ?tchn+ _mc Uhcdn- Sgdrd b_sdfnqx,rodbhb s_akdr _qd trdc ax
sgd _m_kxrhr rxrsdlr- Gdqd _qd sgd rsqtbstqd _mc bnmsdmsr ne sgd rntqbd R KDR^CDS HK s_akd9
CDRB annj^rZkdr
CDRB uhcdn^rZkdr
MZld Mtkk> Sxod
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,
R KD^C SD MNS^MTKK C SD
OQNC^HC MNS MTKK MTLADQ
BTRS^HC MNS MTKK U QBG Q1&0/(
PSX^RNKC MNS MTKK MTLADQ
LS^RNKC MNS MTKK MTLADQ
Q SHMF U QBG Q1&4(
XD Q^QDKD RDC MTLADQ
CDRB Ztchn^rZkdr
MZld Mtkk> Sxod
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,
R KD^C SD MNS^MTKK C SD
OQNC^HC MNS MTKK MTLADQ
BTRS^HC MNS MTKK U QBG Q1&0/(
PSX^RNKC MNS MTKK MTLADQ
LS^RNKC MNS MTKK MTLADQ
QSHRS U QBG Q1&53(
18 Bg_osdq 5 L_mhotk_shmf C_s_
xnt jmnv sgd dloknxdd HC enq Idmmhedq+ xnt b_m trd sgd dloknxdd HC sn hcdmshex
Idmmhedq&r qnv hm sgd s_akd-
TOC SD dloknxddr
RDS cdoZqsldms^hc < 1/
VGDQD dloknxdd^hc < 1//:
0 qnv tocZsdc-
Xnt b_m toc_sd lnqd sg_m nmd bnktlm hm sgd r_ld qnv ax hmbktchmf sgd bnktlmr _mc
u_ktdr hm sgd RDS bk_trd rdo_q_sdc ax bnll_r- Sn qdlnud _ u_ktd eqnl sgd bnktlm+ xnt
b_m toc_sd sgd bnktlm _r MTKK- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd cdlnmrsq_sdr gnv sn toc_sd lnqd
sg_m nmd bnktlm ne sgd r_ld qnv _r vdkk _r toc_sd trhmf MTKK- Adb_trd mn VGDQD bk_trd hr
hmbktcdc+ _kk qnvr hm sgd s_akd _qd toc_sdc-
TOC SD annj^rZkdr
RDS psx^rnkc < MTKK+
Zls^rnkc < /:
7 qnvr tocZsdc-
5 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
TOC SD dloknxddr
RDS ina^hc < &RDKDBS ina^hc
EQNL dloknxddr
VGDQD dloknxdd^hc < 003(
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc < 2/:
5 qnvr tocZsdc-
5 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
Xnt l_x g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd bnktlm hm sgd RDS bk_trd sn toc_sd lnqd sg_m nmd bnktlm ne
sgd r_ld qnv trhmf _ rtaptdqx- He xnt rodbhex lnqd sg_m nmd bnktlm+ sgdx ltrs ad dmbknrdc hm
o_qdmsgdrdr+ _mc sgd rtaptdqx rgntkc g_ud sgd r_ld mtladq ne bnktlmr hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd-
TOC SD annj^rZkdr Z
RDS &psx^rnkc+ Zls^rnkc( < &RDKDBS RTL&rZkd^psx(+ RTL&rZkd^oqhbd(
181 Bg_osdq 5 L_mhotk_shmf C_s_
EQNL rZkdr^cdsZhk a
VGDQD a-oqnc^bZsdfnqx < £A£
MC a-oqnctbs^hc < Z-oqnc^hc MC a-btrsnldq^hc < Z-btrs^hc
MC a-rZkd^cZsd < Z-rZkd^cZsd
FQNTO AX rZkd^cZsd+ oqnc^bZsdfnqx+ oqnctbs^hc+ btrsnldq^hc(
VGDQD rZkd^cZsd < SN^C SD&£07,ITM,/1£+£CC,LNM,XX£(:
3 qnvr tocZsdc
Sgd cdudknodq g_c _ oqnakdl- Gd v_r sqxhmf sn toc_sd nmd qnv hm _ s_akd+ _mc hs v_r s_j,
hmf enqdudq- Gd v_r rtqd gd v_r trhmf sgd oqhl_qx jdx ne sgd s_akd hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd _mc
dwodbsdc sgd qdrtks sn bnld a_bj hm rdbnmcr-
Sgd s_akd gd v_r toc_shmf g_c sgd enkknvhmf bnktlmr ’rnld bnktlmr g_ud addm nlhssdc(9
NQCDQ^GD?CDQ
Sgd toc_sd v_r odqenqldc trhmf sgd u_ktd cdqhudc eqnl _mnsgdq s_akd m_ldc NQCDQ^
SQ MR BSHNMR- Hs g_c sgd enkknvhmf rsqtbstqd9
NQCDQ^SQ?MR?BSHNMR
Sgd cdudknodq v_r sqxhmf sn toc_sd sgd SNS K^ LNTMS bnktlm hm sgd NQCDQ^GD CDQ s_akd
vhsg sgd rtl ne _kk sgd nqcdq hsdlr eqnl sgd NQCDQ^SQ MR BSHNMR s_akd trhmf _ rtaptdqx-
Sghr v_r sgd RPK bncd gd trdc9
TOC SD nqcdq^gdZcdq ng
RDS snsZk^Zlntms < &RDKDBS RTL&hsdl^Zlntms(
Trhmf CLK Rs_sdldmsr 182
EQNL nqcdq^sqZmrZbshnmr ns
VGDQD ng-nqcdq" < ns-nqcdq"
MC ng-nqcdq" < £V1G2//3ET£(:
B_m xnt rdd vg_s hr vqnmf vhsg sghr rs_sdldms> Ax sgd v_x+ sgd s_akd g_c _ants svn
lhkkhnm qnvr-
?ksgntfg sgd cdudknodq sgntfgs gd v_r toc_shmf nmkx nmd qnv hm sgd NQCDQ^GD CDQ s_akd
_mc ptdqxhmf nmkx sgqdd qnvr eqnl sgd NQCDQ^SQ MR BSHNMR s_akd+ Nq_bkd v_r hm e_bs
toc_shmf _kk svn lhkkhnm qnvr hm sgd s_akd- Vgx>
Knnj b_qdetkkx _s sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms: hs hr lhrrhmf _ VGDQD bk_trd enq sgd TOC SD rs_sd,
ldms- Sgd VGDQD bk_trd hr oqdrdms _r o_qs ne sgd bnqqdk_sdc rtaptdqx- Rn+ sgd qdrtks ne sghr
toc_sd vntkc g_ud addm sgd SNS K^ LNTMS bnktlm toc_sdc sn MTKK enq _kk qnvr dwbdos enq
nqcdq V1G2//3ET- Vgdm dwdbtshmf sgd bnqqdbs RPK rs_sdldms+ sgd toc_sd bnlokdsdc hm kdrr
sg_m nmd rdbnmc-
TOC SD nqcdq^gdZcdq ng
RDS snsZk^Zlntms < &RDKDBS RTL&hsdl^Zlntms(
EQNL nqcdq^sqZmrZbshnmr ns
VGDQD ng-nqcdq" < ns-nqcdq"
MC ns-nqcdq" < £V1G2//3ET£(
VGDQD ng-nqcdq" < £V1G2//3ET£:
Adb_trd vd _qd toc_shmf _ rodbh“b NQCDQ" hm sgd s_akd _mc vd _qd trhmf sgd nqcdq mtl,
adq hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd+ hs hr r_ed sn qdlnud sgd inhm bnmchshnm hmrhcd sgd rtaptdqx _r hm
sgd enkknvhmf bncd-
TOC SD nqcdq^gdZcdq ng
RDS snsZk^Zlntms < &RDKDBS RTL&hsdl^Zlntms(
EQNL nqcdq^sqZmrZbshnmr ns
VGDQD ns-nqcdq" < £V1G2//3ET£(
VGDQD ng-nqcdq" < £V1G2//3ET£:
Sgd lnq_k ne sghr rsnqx hr sn ad b_qdetk vgdm xnt%qd toc_shmf s_akdr trhmf rtaptdqhdr-
?kv_xr l_jd rtqd xnt g_ud sgd bnqqdbs VGDQD bk_trd enq sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms-
183 Bg_osdq 5 L_mhotk_shmf C_s_
Sgd EQNL jdxvnqc hr noshnm_k: hs hr hmbktcdc sn _cc qd_c_ahkhsx sn sgd rs_sdldms- Rhlhk_q sn
sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms+ he sgd VGDQD bk_trd hr nlhssdc+ _kk sgd qnvr hm sgd s_akd vhkk ad cdkdsdc-
Gdqd _qd rnld dw_lokdr ne sgd CDKDSD rs_sdldms- Sgd svn gxogdmr ’,,( _qd trdc sn
hmchb_sd bnlldmsr-
He enqdhfm jdxr _qd dm_akdc hm sgd s_akd _mc bghkc qdbnqcr dwhrs enq sgd qnv+ xnt vhkk mns
ad _akd sn cdkdsd qnvr- Rdd sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd+ vgdqd sgd dloknxddr s_akd g_r _ enqdhfm
jdx sn hsrdke _mc dloknxdd Ingm ’HC 034( hr _ l_m_fdq vhsg dloknxddr qdonqshmf sn ghl-
1 EQNL dloknxddr
2) VGDQD lZmZfdq^hc < 034
RPK= .
5 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
RPK=
He xnt sqx sn cdkdsd dloknxdd Ingm vhsgnts cdkdshmf _kk sgd dloknxddr qdonqshmf sn ghl+
xnt vhkk fds _m dqqnq- Gnvdudq+ xnt b_m cdkdsd _m dloknxdd vgn cndr mns g_ud _mx nsgdq
dloknxdd qdonqshmf sn ghl- Rdd sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokdr-
0 qnv cdkdsdc-
RPK=
Rtaptdqhdr b_m ad trdc hm CDKDSD rs_sdldmsr sn hcdmshex sgd qnvr sn cdkdsd- Enkknvhmf
hr _ fdmdqhb dw_lokd sn qdlnud ctokhb_sd qnvr eqnl sgd KK^R KDR s_akd+ vgdqd _ tmhptd
qnv hr rtoonrdc sn ad tmhptdkx hcdmshdc ax sgd bnlahm_shnm ne swm^hc _mc btrsnldq^hc
’hl_fhm_shud oqhl_qx jdx enq sghr dw_lokd(- Gdqd nmkx nmd qnv ne sgd bnlahm_shnm ’_qah,
sq_qx ohbj( _mc nsgdq qnvr _qd cdkdsdc ’LHM nq L W etmbshnmr l_x ad trdc(-
2 EQNL rZkdr^cdsZhk
3 FQNTO AX swm^hc+ btrsnldq^hc(:
Rnldshldr hs hr qdpthqdc sn cdkdsd _kk sgd qnvr eqnl _ s_akd- Xnt b_m cn sghr ax mns
oqnuhchmf _mx VGDQD bk_trd bnmchshnmr- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd cdkdsdr _kk qdbnqcr eqnl
sgd UHCDN^R KDR s_akd-
Qdlnuhmf _kk sgd qnvr eqnl _ k_qfd s_akd b_m s_jd _ knmf shld _mc b_m qdpthqd rhfmhb_ms
qnkka_bj rdfldms ro_bd- He xnt _qd cdkdshmf _kk qnvr eqnl _ s_akd+ bnmrhcdq trhmf sgd SQTMB SD
rs_sdldms+ _r cdrbqhadc hm sgd mdws rdbshnm-
Sqtmb_shmf _ S_akd
He xnt&qd cdkdshmf _kk sgd qnvr eqnl _ s_akd+ sqtmb_shmf _ s_akd b_m _bbnlokhrg sgd r_ld s_rj
_r cdkdshmf+ _ksgntfg cdkdshmf hr rnldshldr _ adssdq bgnhbd- He xnt v_ms sn dlosx _ s_akd ne
_kk qnvr+ bnmrhcdq trhmf sgd C_s_ Cdmhshnm K_mft_fd ’CCK( rs_sdldms SQTMB>SD- Khjd
_ CDKDSD rs_sdldms vhsgnts _ VGDQD bk_trd+ SQTMB SD vhkk qdlnud _kk qnvr eqnl _ s_akd-
Gnvdudq+ SQTMB SD hr mns CLK: hs hr CCK- Sgdqdenqd+ hs g_r cheedqdms bg_q_bsdqhrshbr eqnl sgd
CDKDSD rs_sdldms- CCK hr sgd rtards ne RPK sg_s hr dloknxdc sn cdmd c_s_a_rd naidbsr- Nmd
ne sgd jdx cheedqdmbdr adsvddm CLK _mc CCK hr sg_s CCK rs_sdldmsr vhkk hlokhbhskx odqenql
_ bnllhs+ mns nmkx _eedbshmf sgd bg_mfd hm naidbs cdmhshnm ats _krn bnllhsshmf _mx odmchmf
CLK- ? CCK rs_sdldms b_mmns ad qnkkdc a_bj: nmkx CLK rs_sdldmsr b_m ad qnkkdc a_bj-
Enq dw_lokd+ sn qdlnud _kk qnvr eqnl sgd R KDR^CDS HK s_akd+ sqtmb_sd sgd s_akd _r enkknvr9
Vgdm _ s_akd hr sqtmb_sdc+ sgd rsnq_fd enq sgd s_akd _mc _kk hmcdwdr b_m ad qdrds sn sgd
hmhsh_k rhyd- ? CDKDSD vhkk mdudq rgqhmj sgd rhyd ne _ s_akd nq hsr hmcdwdr-
Ax cde_tks xnt b_mmns sqtmb_sd sgd o_qdms s_akd vhsg _m dm_akdc qdedqdmsh_k hmsdfqhsx
bnmrsq_hms- Xnt ltrs ehqrs chr_akd sgd enqdhfm jdx bnmrsq_hmsr sg_s qdedqdmbd sgd o_qdms
s_akd+ _mc sgdm xnt b_m sqtmb_sd sgd o_qdms s_akd- He sgd bnmrsq_hms hr cdehmdc vhsg sgd
NM CDKDSD B RB CD noshnm ’chrbtrrdc hm Bg_osdq 6 'Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr–(+
sgdm xnt b_m trd B RB CD noshnm hm SQTMB SD sn sqtmb_sd sgd bghkc s_akdr _r vdkk-
Ldqfhmf Qnvr
Sn bnlokdsd sgd CLK chrbtrrhnm+ vd vhkk hmsqnctbd xnt sn sgd LDQFD rs_sdldms dudm
sgntfg hs hr mns o_qs ne sgd sdrs naidbshudr-
?u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd rhmbd hsr 8h udqrhnm+ LDQFD hr _ udqx onvdqetk rs_sdldms sg_s b_m hmrdqs
nq toc_sd qnvr a_rdc nm _ bnmchshnm- Sgd rs_sdldms _krn g_r _m noshnm sn cdkdsd qnvr vgdm
bdqs_hm bnmchshnmr _qd lds- Sgd LDQFD rs_sdldms g_r _ inhm rodbhb_shnm sg_s cdrbqhadr gnv sn
cdsdqlhmd vgdsgdq _m toc_sd nq hmrdqs rgntkc ad dwdbtsdc- LDQFD hr _ bnmudmhdms v_x sn bnl,
ahmd ltkshokd nodq_shnmr hm nmd rs_sdldms hmrsd_c ne vqhshmf _ bnlokdw OK.RPK oqnfq_l-
Sgd a_rhb rxms_w ne sgd LDQFD rs_sdldms hr _r enkknvr9
Sgd HMSN bk_trd rodbhdr sgd s_qfds s_akd vgdqd sgd toc_sd.hmrdqs.cdkdsd nodq_shnm
vhkk ad odqenqldc- Sgd TRHMF bk_trd rodbhdr sgd c_s_ rntqbd- Sgd NM bk_trd g_r sgd inhm
bnmchshnm adsvddm sgd rntqbd _mc s_qfds s_akdr- Sgd VGDM L SBGDC SGDM TOC SD RDS
bk_trd rodbhdr vghbg bnktlmr sn toc_sd vgdm sgd NM bnmchshnm hr l_sbgdc- Xnt b_m
_krn hmbktcd _m noshnm_k VGDQD bk_trd- Sgd noshnm_k CDKDSD bk_trd b_m cdkdsd sgd qnv he
sgd VGDQD bnmchshnm rodbhdc hm sgd CDKDSD bk_trd hr lds- Sgd VGDM MNS L SBGDC SGDM
HMRDQS bk_trd hr trdc sn _cc qnvr sn sgd s_qfds s_akd eqnl sgd rntqbd s_akd-
Kds&r knnj _s _ edv dw_lokdr- Bnmrhcdq svn s_akdr+ NQCDQR0 _mc NQCDQR1- Sgd qnvr hm
sgd s_akdr _qd khrsdc trhmf sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldmsr9
7 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
8 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
RPK=
Sgd s_rj adenqd xnt hr sn ldqfd sgd qnvr hm NQCDQR1 hmsn NQCDQR0- He NQCDQ^HC _mc
BTRSNLDQ^HC l_sbg adsvddm sgd svn s_akdr+ xnt mddc sn toc_sd sgd NQCDQ^SNS K u_ktd
vhsg sgd u_ktd eqnl sgd NQCDQR1 s_akd _mc toc_sd sgd NQCDQ^LNCD u_ktd sn lnchehdc- Enq
sgd qnvr hm NQCDQR1 vgdqd NQCDQ^HC _mc BTRSNLDQ^HC cn mns l_sbg vhsg dwhrshmf qnvr
hm NQCDQR0+ xnt mddc sn hmrdqs sgd u_ktdr eqnl NQCDQR1 sn NQCDQR0- Enq rtbg qnvr+ sgd
NQCDQ^LNCD u_ktd rgntkc ad ldqfdc- Xnt _krn v_ms sn cdkdsd sgd qnv eqnl NQCDQR0 he
sgd mdv nqcdq&r sns_k u_ktd hr ydqn- Sgd enkknvhmf RPK bncd b_m _bbnlokhrg _kk sgdrd
s_rjr trhmf sgd LDQFD rs_sdldms9
8 qnvr ldqfdc-
01 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
?r xnt b_m rdd eqnl sgd qdrtks+ Nq_bkd toc_sdc entq qnvr sg_s l_sbgdc sgd NM bnmchshnm
_mc hmrdqsdc ud mdv qnvr sg_s chc mns l_sbg sgd NM bnmchshnm+ vghbg hr vgx xnt fds sgd
'8 qnvr ldqfdc– eddca_bj- Adb_trd xnt g_c sgd CDKDSD bk_trd sn cdkdsd _mx qnvr sg_s g_c
nqcdq sns_k ydqn ’ne sgd entq qnvr sg_s l_sbgdc sgd NM bnmchshnm(+ nmd ne sgdl l_sbgdc sgd
CDKDSD bnmchshnm _mc gdmbd v_r qdlnudc eqnl sgd s_akd-
? mtladq ne rs_sdldmsr hm RPK kds sgd oqnfq_lldq bnmsqnk sq_mr_bshnmr- Trhmf sq_mr_bshnm,
bnmsqnk rs_sdldmsr+ sgd oqnfq_lldq b_m cn sgd enkknvhmf9
Dwokhbhskx adfhm _ sq_mr_bshnm+ bgnnrhmf rs_sdldms,kdudk bnmrhrsdmbx nq sq_mr_bshnm,kdudk
bnmrhrsdmbx
Rds tmcn r_udonhmsr _mc tmcn bg_mfdr a_bj sn _ r_udonhms
Dmc _ sq_mr_bshnm ax l_jhmf sgd bg_mfdr odql_mdms nq tmcnhmf sgd bg_mfdr
S_akd 5-1 rtll_qhydr sgd sq_mr_bshnm,bnmsqnk rs_sdldmsr-
S? A K D – 5 - 1 Sq_mr_bshnm,Bnmsqnk Rs_sdldmsr
Rs_sdldms Otqonrd
Sgqntfgnts sghr rdbshnm+ vd vhkk trd _ a_mjhmf dw_lokd sn bk_qhex sq_mr_bshnm_k bnmbdosr
_mc sgd bnmsqnk rs_sdldmsr trdc sn dmrtqd sg_s c_s_ hr bg_mfdc _r cdrhfmdc- Hm sghr dw_lokd+
r_x xnt g_ud _ a_mjhmf btrsnldq m_ldc R_q_+ vgn g_r _ bgdbjhmf _bbntms _mc _ aqnjdq_fd
_bbntms vhsg gdq a_mj-
Vgdm R_q_ sq_mredqr #4+/// eqnl gdq bgdbjhmf _bbntms sn gdq aqnjdq_fd _bbntms+ sgd
a_k_mbd hm gdq bgdbjhmf _bbntms hr qdctbdc ax #4+///+ _mc sgd b_rg a_k_mbd hm gdq aqnjdq,
_fd _bbntms hr hmbqd_rdc ax #4+///- Xnt b_mmns _kknv nmkx nmd _bbntms sn bg_mfd…dhsgdq
ansg ltrs bg_mfd nq mdhsgdq ltrs bg_mfd-
Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr sn bnlokdsd sgd sq_mr_bshnm- ?kk sgd rs_sdldmsr hm sgd
fqnto ltrs ad bnlokdsdc+ nq mn bg_mfdr rgntkc ad qdbnqcdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd HMRDQS
rs_sdldmsr _qd trdc sn knf sgd sq_mr_bshnm hm sgd knf s_akd-
TOC SD bgdbjhmf
RDS aZkZmbd < aZkZmbd , 4///
VGDQD Zbbntms < £R Q 0//0£:
2 3 Bg_osdq 5 L_mhotk_shmf C_s_
C_s_ Uhrhahkhsx
Vgdm CLK nodq_shnmr _qd odqenqldc hm _ sq_mr_bshnm+ sgd bg_mfdr _qd uhrhakd nmkx sn sgd
rdrrhnm odqenqlhmf sgd CLK nodq_shnmr- Sgd bg_mfdr _qd uhrhakd sn nsgdq trdqr hm sgd c_s_,
a_rd nmkx vgdm _ BNLLHS hr hrrtdc ’nq _ CCK rs_sdldms b_trdr _m hlokhbhs bnllhs(-
?kk c_s_ bg_mfdr l_cd hm _ sq_mr_bshnm _qd sdlonq_qx tmshk sgd sq_mr_bshnm hr bnllhssdc-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b g_r _ qd_c,bnmrhrsdmbx ldbg_mhrl sn dmrtqd sg_s d_bg trdq rddr sgd
c_s_ _r hs dwhrsdc _s sgd k_rs bnllhs-
Vgdm CLK nodq_shnmr _qd odqenqldc nm dwhrshmf qnvr ’sgqntfg TOC SD+ CDKDSD+ nq
LDQFD nodq_shnmr(+ sgd _eedbsdc qnvr _qd knbjdc ax Nq_bkd: sgdqdenqd+ mn nsgdq trdq b_m
odqenql _ CLK nodq_shnm nm sgnrd qnvr- Sgd qnvr toc_sdc nq cdkdsdc ax _ sq_mr_bshnm
b_m ad ptdqhdc ax _mnsgdq rdrrhnm-
Vgdm bg_mfdr _qd bnllhssdc+ sgdx _qd l_cd odql_mdms sn sgd c_s_a_rd- ?kk knbjr nm
sgd _eedbsdc qnvr _qd qdkd_rdc+ _mc _kk r_udonhmsr _qd qdlnudc- Sgd oqduhntr rs_sd ne sgd
c_s_ hr knrs ’sgd tmcn rdfldmsr l_x ad nudqvqhssdm(- ?kk trdqr b_m uhdv sgd bg_mfdc c_s_-
Vgdm bg_mfdr _qd qnkkdc a_bj+ c_s_ bg_mfdr _qd tmcnmd _mc sgd oqduhntr rs_sd ne c_s_ hr
qdrsnqdc- ?kk knbjr nm sgd _eedbsdc qnvr _qd qdkd_rdc-
Nq_bkd trdr qd_c bnmrhrsdmbx sn l_jd rtqd xnt cn mns rdd sgd bg_mfdr l_cd sn c_s_ _esdq
xntq ptdqx hr rs_qsdc- ?krn+ Nq_bkd trdr _ knbjhmf ldbg_mhrl sn l_jd rtqd sg_s svn cheedqdms
trdq rdrrhnmr b_m&s lnchex c_s_ hm sgd r_ld qnv _s sgd r_ld shld- C_s_ bnmrhrsdmbx _mc sgd
knbjhmf ldbg_mhrl _qd chrbtrrdc hm sgd mdws rdbshnmr-
Mdws+ _s 0/9/4 --+ L_ss qtmr _ sns_k a_k_mbd qdonqs nm sgd b_rg hm sgd aqnjdq_fd
_bbntms s_akd- He gd hr trhmf sq_mr_bshnm,kdudk bnmrhrsdmbx+ ghr rdrrhnm vhkk qd,bqd_sd vg_s
sgd aqnjdq_fd _bbntms s_akd knnjdc khjd _s 0/9// -- ’_mc dwbktcd R_q_&r sq_mredq(- He
L_ss&r rdrrhnm hr trhmf sgd cde_tks rs_sdldms,kdudk bnmrhrsdmbx+ ghr rdrrhnm vhkk qdonqs nm
vg_s sgd aqnjdq_fd _bbntms s_akd knnjdc khjd _s 0/9/4 -- ’_mc hmbktcd R_q_&r sq_mredq(-
Nq_bkd mdudq trdr knbjr enq qd_chmf nodq_shnmr+ adb_trd qd_chmf nodq_shnmr vhkk mdudq
aknbj vqhshmf nodq_shnmr- Hmrsd_c+ sgd tmcn rdfldmsr ’_krn jmnvm _r qnkka_bj rdfldmsr( _qd
trdc sn qd,bqd_sd sgd hl_fd mddcdc- Tmcn rdfldmsr _qd qdkd_rdc enq qdtrd vgdm sgd sq_mr_b,
shnm vqhshmf sn sgdl bnllhsr nq he tmcn^lZmZfdldms hr rds sn Ztsn _mc sgd tmcn^qdsdmshnm
odqhnc hr dwbddcdc+ rn rnldshldr _ bnmrhrsdms hl_fd b_mmns ad qd,bqd_sdc- Vgdm sghr g_o,
odmr+ Nq_bkd q_hrdr _ 'rm_orgns snn nkc– dwbdoshnm- Trhmf sghr dw_lokd+ he L_ss&r sq_mr_bshnm
b_m&s knb_sd R_q_&r sq_mr_bshnm hm sgd qnkka_bj rdfldmsr adb_trd hs v_r nudqvqhssdm+ L_ss&r
sq_mr_bshnm vhkk mns ad _akd sn qd,bqd_sd sgd 0/9// -- hl_fd ne sgd s_akd _mc vhkk e_hk-
Nq_bkd hlokdldmsr bnmrhrsdmbx hmsdqm_kkx sgqntfg sgd trd ne rxrsdl bg_mfd mtladqr
$RBMr(- ?m RBM hr _ shld,nqhdmsdc+ c_s_a_rd,hmsdqm_k jdx- Sgd RBM nmkx hmbqd_rdr+ mdudq
cdbqd_rdr+ _mc qdoqdrdmsr _ onhms hm shld enq bnlo_qhrnm otqonrdr- Rn+ hm sgd oqduhntr
dw_lokd+ Nq_bkd hmsdqm_kkx _rrhfmr L_ss&r qrs rs_sdldms sgd btqqdms RBM vgdm hs rs_qsr
qd_chmf sgd bgdbjhmf,_bbntms s_akd- Sghr rs_qshmf RBM hr bnlo_qdc sn d_bg c_s_ aknbj&r
RBM- He sgd c_s_,aknbj RBM hr ghfgdq ’mdvdq(+ sgd qnkka_bj rdfldmsr _qd dw_lhmdc sn mc
sgd nkcdq udqrhnm ne sgd c_s_-
Tmcn rdfldmsr+ bnmbtqqdmbx+ _mc RBM _qd chrbtrrdc hm cds_hk hm Bg_osdq 00+ 'L_m_fhmf
C_s_ _mc Tmcn-–
Knbjhmf Ldbg_mhrl
Knbjr _qd hlokdldmsdc ax Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b sn oqdudms cdrsqtbshud hmsdq_bshnm
adsvddm bnmbtqqdms sq_mr_bshnmr- Knbjr _qd _bpthqdc _tsnl_shb_kkx ax Nq_bkd vgdm _
CLK rs_sdldms hr dwdbtsdc: mn trdq hmsdqudmshnm nq _bshnm hr mddcdc- Nq_bkd trdr sgd
knvdrs kdudk ne qdrsqhbshudmdrr vgdm knbjhmf c_s_ enq CLK rs_sdldmsr…nmkx sgd qnvr
_eedbsdc ax sgd CLK nodq_shnm _qd knbjdc-
Knbjr _qd gdkc enq sgd ctq_shnm ne sgd sq_mr_bshnm- ? bnllhs nq qnkka_bj vhkk qdkd_rd _kk
sgd knbjr- Sgdqd _qd svn sxodr ne knbjr9 dwokhbhs _mc hlokhbhs-
Sgd knbjr _bpthqdc ax Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb_kkx vgdm CLK nodq_shnmr _qd odqenqldc _qd
b_kkdc hlokhbhs knbjr- Sgdqd hr mn hlokhbhs knbj enq RDKDBS rs_sdldmsr-
He sgd trdq knbjr c_s_ l_mt_kkx+ hs hr b_kkdc dwokhbhs knbjhmf- Sgd KNBJ S AKD rs_sdldms
_mc RDKDBS–ENQ TOC SD rs_sdldmsr _qd trdc enq dwokhbhskx knbjhmf sgd c_s_-
Sgd RDKDBS–ENQ TOC SD rs_sdldms hr trdc sn knbj rodbhb qnvr+ oqdudmshmf nsgdq rdrrhnmr
eqnl bg_mfhmf nq cdkdshmf sgnrd knbjdc qnvr- Vgdm sgd qnvr _qd knbjdc+ nsgdq rdrrhnmr b_m
rdkdbs sgdrd qnvr+ ats sgdx b_mmns bg_mfd nq knbj sgdrd qnvr- Sgd rxms_w enq sghr rs_sdldms
hr hcdmshb_k sn _ RDKDBS rs_sdldms+ dwbdos xnt _oodmc sgd jdxvnqcr ENQ TOC SD sn sgd rs_sd,
ldms- Sgd knbjr _bpthqdc enq _ RDKDBS ENQ TOC SD vhkk mns ad qdkd_rdc tmshk sgd sq_mr_bshnm
dmcr vhsg _ BNLLHS nq QNKKA BJ+ dudm he mn c_s_ bg_mfdr-
VGDQD ptZmshsx^nm^gZmc ; 4
ENQ TOC SD:
Noshnm_k V HS bk_trd b_m ad hmbktcdc _knmf vhsg ENQ TOC SD bk_trd sn sdkk Nq_bkd sn v_hs
_ bdqs_hm mtladq ne rdbnmcr he sgd qnvr hm sgd s_akd _qd knbjdc ax _mnsgdq rdrrhnm adenqd hs
fhudr sgd tm_akd sn knbj dqqnq-
Sgd KNBJ rs_sdldms hr trdc sn knbj _m dmshqd s_akd+ oqdudmshmf nsgdq rdrrhnmr eqnl odqenql,
hmf lnrs nq _kk CLK nm hs- Knbjhmf b_m ad hm dhsgdq rg_qdc nq dwbktrhud lncd- Rg_qdc lncd
oqdudmsr nsgdq rdrrhnmr eqnl _bpthqhmf _m dwbktrhud knbj ats _kknvr nsgdq rdrrhnmr sn _bpthqd _
rg_qdc knbj- Dwbktrhud lncd oqdudmsr nsgdq rdrrhnmr eqnl _bpthqhmf dhsgdq _ rg_qdc knbj nq _m
dwbktrhud knbj- Sgd enkknvhmf hr _m dw_lokd ne trhmf sgd KNBJ rs_sdldms9
Nq_bkd dloknxr ansg s_akd _mc qnv knbjr- S_akd knbjr b_m ad nas_hmdc hm dhsgdq rg_qd nq
dwbktrhud lncd- Rg_qd knbjr oqdudms nsgdq dwbktrhud knbjr ats _kknv nsgdq rg_qd knbjr nm sgd
qdrntqbd- ?r sgd m_ld hmchb_sdr+ sghr lncd _kknvr sgd _eedbsdc qdrntqbd sn ad rg_qdc+ cdodmc,
hmf nm sgd nodq_shnm hmunkudc- Ltkshokd rdrrhnmr b_m odqenql CLK nodq_shnmr nm sgd r_ld
s_akd+ ats nm cheedqdms qnvr- D_bg rtbg rdrrhnm vhkk gnkc _ rg_qd knbj nm sgd s_akd+ sn oqdudms
rnldnmd eqnl bg_mfhmf sgd s_akd rsqtbstqd ax odqenqlhmf _ CCK nm sgd s_akd ’CCK qdpthqdr
dwbktrhud knbj(- Rdudq_k sq_mr_bshnmr b_m _bpthqd rg_qd knbjr nm sgd r_ld qdrntqbd- Dwbktrhud
knbjr oqdudms nsgdq rg_qd knbjr _mc nsgdq dwbktrhud knbjr eqnl adhmf trdc nm sgd qdrntqbd-
Sgd qrs sq_mr_bshnm sn knbj _ qdrntqbd dwbktrhudkx hr sgd nmkx sq_mr_bshnm sg_s b_m lnchex sgd
qdrntqbd tmshk sgd dwbktrhud knbj hr qdkd_rdc sgqntfg _ bnllhs nq qnkka_bj- Gnvdudq+ mn CLK
knbjr oqdudms qd_c _bbdrr- Sn bg_mfd c_s_+ Nq_bkd ltrs _bpthqd _m dwbktrhud qnv,kdudk knbj nm
sgd qnvr sg_s _qd bg_mfdc- HMRDQS+ TOC SD+ CDKDSD+ LDQFD+ _mc RDKDBS ENQ TOC SD rs_sdldmsr
hlokhbhskx _bpthqd sgd mdbdrr_qx dwbktrhud knbjr- Sgd KNBJ S AKD w HM RG QD LNCD rs_sd,
ldms _bpthqdr _ rg_qd knbj- Dudm he sgd CLK nodq_shnm _eedbsr _kk sgd qnvr hm _ s_akd+ Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b mdudq drb_k_sdr sgd qnv,kdudk knbj sn _ s_akd,kdudk knbj: etqsgdqlnqd+ mdhsgdq trdqr
mnq cdudknodqr rgntkc dwokhbhskx knbj tmkdrr sgdqd hr _ udqx fnnc qd_rnm…Nq_bkd g_mckdr hs
_tsnl_shb_kkx 88-8$ ne sgd shld-
Rtll_qx
Vd rs_qsdc sghr bg_osdq chrbtrrhmf CLK rs_sdldmsr hm Nq_bkd- Sgdm vd qduhdvdc sgd
HMRDQS+ TOC SD+ CDKDSD+ _mc LDQFD rs_sdldmsr sn _cc+ lnchex+ _mc cdkdsd c_s_ hm s_akdr-
Xnt _krn kd_qmdc gnv sq_mr_bshnmr _mc knbjhmf vnqj hm Nq_bkd-
Sgd HMRDQS rs_sdldms hr trdc sn _cc mdv qnvr sn _ s_akd- Sgd U KTDR bk_trd hm sgd HMRDQS
rs_sdldms hr trdc sn _cc _ rhmfkd qnv _s _ shld- Rtaptdqhdr b_m ad trdc sn _cc qnvr sn _ s_akd
eqnl _m dwhrshmf qnv rntqbd-
Sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms hr trdc sn bg_mfd dwhrshmf c_s_ hm _ s_akd- Sgd CDKDSD rs_sdldms hr
trdc sn qdlnud qnvr eqnl _ s_akd- Ansg sgd TOC SD _mc CDKDSD rs_sdldmsr b_m g_ud VGDQD
bk_trdr sn khlhs sgd c_s_ bg_mfdr sn rodbhb qnvr- Sgd LDQFD rs_sdldms _kknvr xnt sn hmrdqs
nq toc_sd qnvr a_rdc nm _ bnmchshnm-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 2 6
Vgdm _m toc_sd nq cdkdsd nodq_shnm hr odqenqldc nm _ s_akd+ sgd oqduhntr rs_sd ne c_s_
hr vqhssdm sn tmcn rdfldmsr sn athkc _ qd_c,bnmrhrsdms hl_fd ne c_s_- Nq_bkd rgnvr nmkx
bnllhssdc c_s_ sn trdqr-
CLK nodq_shnmr knbj sgd _eedbsdc qnvr ne sgd s_akd- Sgd knbjr _qd gdkc tmshk sgd sq_mr_b,
shnm hr dhsgdq bnllhssdc nq qnkkdc a_bj- Tmshk sgd bg_mfdr _qd bnllhssdc+ c_s_ bg_mfdr _qd
mns uhrhakd sn nsgdq trdqr hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Jmnv sgd rxms_w enq sgd HMRDQS rs_sdldms- Vgdm _ rtaptdqx hr trdc sn _cc qnvr sn _
s_akd+ sgd U KTDR bk_trd rgntkc mns ad trdc-
Oq_bshbd TOC SD rs_sdldmsr- Sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms b_m toc_sd ltkshokd bnktlmr hm sgd
r_ld qnv trhmf _ rtaptdqx- Ltkshokd rtaptdqhdr b_m _krn ad trdc sn toc_sd bnktlmr hm _
rhmfkd qnv-
Tmcdqrs_mc vg_s vhkk adfhm _mc dmc _ sq_mr_bshnm- ? sq_mr_bshnm vhkk adfhm vhsg _m
HMRDQS+ TOC SD+ CDKDSD+ LDQFD+ nq RDKDBS ENQ TOC SD rs_sdldms- ? BNLLHS nq QNKKA BJ
vhkk dmc _ sq_mr_bshnm- ? CCK rs_sdldms b_m _krn dmc _ sq_mr_bshnm-
Jmnv gnv sn rds _mc qnkk a_bj sn r_udonhmsr- R_udonhmsr _qd rds vhsg sgd R UDONHMS
rs_sdldms- C_s_ bg_mfdr l_cd _esdq _ r_udonhms _qd tmcnmd vgdm _ QNKKA BJ SN
R UDONHMS rs_sdldms hr dwdbtsdc- QNKKA BJ SN R UDONHMS hr _ o_qsh_k tmcn nodq_shnm-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd rbnod ne c_s_ bg_mfdr _mc bnmrhrsdmbx- Rs_sdldms,kdudk bnmrhrsdmbx hr
_tsnl_shb _mc vhkk dmrtqd sg_s d_bg RDKDBS vhkk rdd _m hl_fd ne sgd c_s_a_rd bnmrhrsdms
vhsg sgd adfhmmhmf ne sgd rs_sdldms&r dwdbtshnm- Sq_mr_bshnm,kdudk bnmrhrsdmbx vhkk dmrtqd
sg_s _kk RDKDBS rs_sdldmsr vhsghm _ sq_mr_bshnm vhkk rdd _m hl_fd ne sgd c_s_a_rd bnmrhrsdms
vhsg sgd adfhmmhmf ne sgd sq_mr_bshnm-
2 7 Bg_osdq 5 L_mhotk_shmf C_s_
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Ihl hr sqxhmf sn _cc qdbnqcr eqnl sgd NQCDQ^CDS HKR s_akd sn NQCDQ^CDS HK^GHRSNQX
enq nqcdqr ok_bdc adenqd sgd btqqdms xd_q- Vghbg HMRDQS rs_sdldms vntkc _bbnlokhrg
ghr s_rj>
?- HMRDQS HMSN NQCDQ^CDS HK^GHRSNQX
U KTDR &RDKDBS ) EQNL NQCDQ^CDS HK
VGDQD NQCDQ^C SD ; SQTMB&RXRC SD+£XX£((:
A- HMRDQS EQNL NQCDQ^CDS HK
HMSN NQCDQ^CDS HK^GHRSNQX
VGDQD NQCDQ^C SD ; SQTMB&RXRC SD+£XX£(:
B- HMRDQS HMSN NQCDQ^CDS HK^GHRSNQX
EQNL NQCDQ^CDS HK
VGDQD NQCDQ^C SD ; SQTMB&RXRC SD+£XX£(:
C- HMRDQS HMSN NQCDQ^CDS HK^GHRSNQX
RDKDBS ) EQNL NQCDQ^CDS HK
VGDQD NQCDQ^C SD ; SQTMB&RXRC SD+£XX£(:
2- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf TOC SD rs_sdldms- Vghbg TOC SD rs_sdldmsr eqnl sgd enkknvhmf
noshnmr vhkk _bbnlokhrg sgd r_ld s_rj> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
TOC SD BBNTMSR
RDS K RS^TOC SDC < RXRC SD+
TOC SD^TRDQ < TRDQ:
?- TOC SD BBNTMSR
RDS &K RS^TOC SDC+ TOC SD^TRDQ( <
&RXRC SD+ TRDQ(:
A- TOC SD BBNTMSR
RDS K RS^TOC SDC <
&RDKDBS RXRC SD EQNL CT K(+
TOC SD^TRDQ < &RDKDBS TRDQ EQNL CT K(:
B- TOC SD BBNTMSR
RDS &K RS^TOC SDC+ TOC SD^TRDQ( <
&RDKDBS RXRC SD+ TRDQ EQNL CT K(:
C- TOC SD BBNTMSR
RDS K RS^TOC SDC < RXRC SD
MC TOC SD^TRDQ < TRDQ:
4- R_q_ v_msr sn toc_sd sgd R K QX bnktlm hm sgd NKC^DLOKNXDDR s_akd vhsg sgd u_ktd
eqnl sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd enq dloknxddr hm cdo_qsldms 8/- Vghbg RPK bncd vhkk
_bbnlokhrg sgd s_rj>
?- TOC SD nkc^dloknxddr Z
RDS rZkZqx < &RDKDBS rZkZqx EQNL dloknxddr a
VGDQD Z-dloknxdd^hc < a-dloknxdd^hc(
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc < 8/:
A- TOC SD nkc^dloknxddr
RDS rZkZqx < &RDKDBS rZkZqx EQNL dloknxddr(
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc < 8/:
B- TOC SD nkc^dloknxddr Z
EQNL dloknxddr a
RDS Z-rZkZqx < a-rZkZqx
VGDQD cdoZqsldms^hc < 8/:
C- TOC SD nkc^dloknxddr Z
RDS rZkZqx < &RDKDBS rZkZqx EQNL dloknxddr a
VGDQD Z-dloknxdd^hc < a-dloknxdd^hc
MC cdoZqsldms^hc < 8/(:
0- TOC SD DLOKNXDDR
1- VGDQD DLOKNXDD^HC < 016
2- RDS R K QX < R K QX ) 0-14+
3- BNLLHRRHNM^OBS < /
?- 0
A- 1
B- 3
C- Sgdqd hr mn dqqnq-
6- Ihl dwdbtsdr sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldms- Vg_s vhkk ad sgd qdrtks>
?- Sgd rZkZqx _mc bnllhrrhnm^obs bnktlmr enq _kk qdbnqcr vhsg cdoZqsldms^hc 2/
vhkk ad cdkdsdc ’bg_mfdc sn MTKK(-
A- ?kk sgd qnvr adknmfhmf sn cdoZqsldms^hc 2/ vhkk ad cdkdsdc eqnl sgd s_akd-
B- Sgd rZkZqx _mc bnllhrrhnm^obs bnktlmr vhkk ad cdkdsdc eqnl sgd dloknxddr s_akd-
C- Sgd rs_sdldms vhkk oqnctbd _m dqqnq-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 200
7- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf sgqdd RPK rs_sdldmsr- Bgnnrd sgd lnrs _ooqnoqh_sd noshnm-
?- Rs_sdldmsr 0 _mc 1 vhkk oqnctbd sgd r_ld qdrtks: rs_sdldms 2 vhkk dqqnq nts-
A- Rs_sdldmsr 0 _mc 1 vhkk oqnctbd sgd r_ld qdrtks: rs_sdldms 2 vhkk oqnctbd _
cheedqdms qdrtks-
B- Rs_sdldmsr 0+ 1+ _mc 2 vhkk oqnctbd sgd r_ld qdrtks-
C- Rs_sdldmsr 0+ 1+ _mc 2 vhkk oqnctbd cheedqdms qdrtksr-
8- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf bncd rdfldms- Gnv l_mx qnvr vhkk ad hm sgd B QR s_akd _esdq
_kk sgdrd rs_sdldmsr _qd dwdbtsdc>
R>UDONHMS >:
R_udonhms bpd_sdc-
R>UDONHMS >:
?- 2/
A- 18
B- 17
C- 21
201 Bg_osdq 5 L_mhotk_shmf C_s_
0/- Ihl mnshbdc sg_s sgd GHQD^C SD _mc RS QS^C SD bnktlmr hm sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd g_c c_sd
_mc shld u_ktdr- Vgdm gd sqhdr sn ehmc dloknxddr ghqdc nm _ bdqs_hm c_sd+ gd cndr mns fds
sgd cdrhqdc qdrtksr- Vghbg RPK rs_sdldms vhkk toc_sd _kk sgd qnvr hm sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd
vhsg mn shld onqshnm hm sgd GHQD^C SD _mc RS QS^C SD bnktlmr ’//9//9//(>
?- TOC SD DLOKNXDDR RDS GHQD^C SD < SQTMB&GHQD^C SD( MC RS QS^C SD <
SQTMB&RS QS^C SD(:
A- TOC SD S AKD DLOKNXDDR RDS SQTMB&GHQD^C SD( MC SQTMB&RS QS^C SD(:
B- TOC SD DLOKNXDDR RDS GHQD^C SD < SQTMB&GHQD^C SD(+ RS QS^C SD <
SQTMB&RS QS^C SD(:
C- TOC SD GHQD^C SD < SQTMB&GHQD^C SD(+ RS QS^C SD < SQTMB&RS QS^C SD( HM
DLOKNXDDR:
00- R_q_ v_msr sn toc_sd sgd R K QX bnktlm hm sgd DLOKNXDD s_akd eqnl sgd R K QHDR
s_akd+ a_rdc nm sgd INA^HC u_ktd enq _kk dloknxddr hm cdo_qsldms 11- Sgd R K QHDR
s_akd _mc sgd DLOKNXDD s_akd g_ud sgd enkknvhmf rsqtbstqd- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf
noshnmr hr sgd bnqqdbs TOC SD rs_sdldms>
CDRB DLOKNXDD
DLOKNXDD^HC MTLADQ &2(+
DLO^M LD U QBG Q1 &3/(+
INA^HC U QBG Q1 &3(+
CDOS^HC MTLADQ
R K QX MTLADQ
CDRB R K QHDR
INA^HC U QBG Q1 &3(+
R K QX MTLADQ
Gnv l_mx qnvr vhkk ad bntmsdc eqnl sgd k_rs RPK rs_sdldms hm sgd bncd rdfldms>
?- 0/8
A- 0/5
B- 0/4
C- 0/6
203 Bg_osdq 5 L_mhotk_shmf C_s_
Jdx Sxod oj
Mtkkr.Tmhptd MM
EJ S_akd
Kdmfsg 3 2/ 5 3
Cde_tks U_ktd Mnmd Mnmd Mnmd 88
03- Qdedq sn sgd CDO QSLDMSR s_akd rsqtbstqd hm ptdrshnm 02- Svn RPK rs_sdldmsr _qd
rgnvm gdqd- Bgnnrd sgd noshnm sg_s adrs cdrbqhadr sgd RPK rs_sdldmsr-
?- Rs_sdldmsr 0 _mc 1 hmrdqs sgd r_ld u_ktdr sn _kk bnktlmr hm sgd s_akd-
A- Rs_sdldmsr 0 _mc 1 hmrdqs cheedqdms u_ktdr sn _s kd_rs nmd bnktlm hm sgd s_akd-
B- Sgd knbZshnm^hc bnktlm ltrs ad hmbktcdc hm sgd bnktlm khrs ne rs_sdldms 0-
C- ? MTKK u_ktd b_mmns ad hmrdqsdc dwokhbhskx hm rs_sdldms 1-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 204
B BNTMS%)(
, ,,,,,,,,,,
S 01///
H 13///
Gnv l_mx qnvr vhkk ad hmrdqsdc hmsn sgd MDV^BG MMDK^R KDR s_akd vhsg sgd enkknvhmf
RPK rs_sdldms>
HMRDQS EHQRS
VGDM bgZmmdk^hc <£B£ SGDM
HMSN bZsZknf^rZkdr &oqnc^hc+shld^hc+oqnln^hc
+Zlntms^rnkc(
U KTDR &oqnc^hc+shld^hc+oqnln^hc+Zlntms^rnkc(
VGDM bgZmmdk^hc <£H£ SGDM
HMSN hmsdqmds^rZkdr &oqnc^hc+shld^hc+oqnln^hc
+Zlntms^rnkc(
U KTDR &oqnc^hc+shld^hc+oqnln^hc+Zlntms^rnkc(
VGDM bgZmmdk^hc HM &£H£+£S£( SGDM
HMSN mdv^bgZmmdk^rZkdr &oqnc^hc+shld^hc+oqnln^hc
+Zlntms^rnkc(
U KTDR &oqnc^hc+shld^hc+oqnln^hc+Zlntms^rnkc(
RDKDBS bgZmmdk^hc+oqnc^hc+shld^hc+oqnln^hc+Zlntms^rnkc
EQNL rZkdr:
?- /
A- 01+///
B- 13+///
C- 25+///
205 Bg_osdq 5 L_mhotk_shmf C_s_
05- Hm sgd enkknvhmf RPK bncd+ gnv l_mx qnvr vhkk ad bntmsdc hm sgd k_rs rs_sdldms>
QNKKA>BJ:
?- 010
A- /
B- 013
C- 032
06- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf noshnmr adrs cdrbqhadr sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldms>
0- TOC SD bntmsqhdr
1- BMS^M LD < TOODQ&BMS^M LD(
2- VGDQD bntmsqx^bncd ADSVDDM 0 Zmc 88:
?- Sgd rs_sdldms hr lhrrhmf sgd jdxvnqc RDS+ ats sgd rs_sdldms vhkk vnqj itrs ehmd
adb_trd RDS hr _m noshnm_k jdxvnqc-
A- Sgd ADSVDDM nodq_snq b_mmns ad trdc hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd trdc hm _m TOC SD rs_sd,
ldms-
B- Sgd etmbshnm TOODQ&BMS^M LD( rgntkc ad bg_mfdc sn TOODQ&£BMS^M LD£(-
C- Sgd rs_sdldms hr lhrrhmf jdxvnqc RDS: sgdqdenqd+ sgd rs_sdldms vhkk e_hk-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 206
07- Sgd NQCDQR s_akd g_r 24 qnvr- Sgd enkknvhmf TOC SD rs_sdldms toc_sdr _kk 24 qnvr-
Vghbg noshnm adrs cdrbqhadr vg_s vhkk g_oodm>
TOC SD nqcdqr
RDS rgho^cZsd < SQTMB&rgho^cZsd(
VGDQD rgho^cZsd z< SQTMB&rgho^cZsd(
?- Vgdm _kk qnvr hm _ s_akd _qd toc_sdc+ sgd KNBJ S AKD nqcdqr HM DWBKTRHUD LNCD
rs_sdldms ltrs ad dwdbtsdc adenqd sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms-
A- Mn nsgdq rdrrhnm b_m ptdqx eqnl sgd s_akd tmshk sgd sq_mr_bshnm dmcr-
B- Adb_trd _kk qnvr _qd toc_sdc+ sgdqd hr mn mddc enq _mx knbjhmf: sgdqdenqd+ Nq_bkd
cndr mns knbj sgd qdbnqcr-
C- Sgd rs_sdldms knbjr _kk sgd qnvr tmshk sgd sq_mr_bshnm dmcr-
1/- ?esdq sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldmsr _qd dwdbtsdc+ vg_s vhkk ad sgd r_k_qx ne
dloknxdd ?qrhmnd>
TOC>SD dlo
RDS r_k_px ; 0///
VGDQD m_ld ; y>prhmndy:
R>UDONHMS OnhmsY>:
TOC>SD dlo
RDS r_k_px ; r_k_px ) 0-0
VGDQD m_ld ; y>prhmndy:
R>UDONHMS OnhmsYA:
TOC>SD dlo
RDS r_k_px ; r_k_px ) 0-0
VGDQD m_ld ; yAdpdmhidy:
R>UDONHMS onhmsYB:
QNKKA>BJ SN onhmsYc:
BNLLHS:
?- 0///
A- 00//
B- 0000
C- 04//
AfTosdp BqdZshmf SZakdr Zmc
6
BnmrsqZhmsr
Sgdx _krn oqnuhcd _ v_x sn qdrsqhbs c_s_ eqnl bdqs_hm trdqr+ sgdqdax oqnuhchmf _m _cchshnm_k
kdudk ne rdbtqhsx-
Rdptdmbd ? rdptdmbd hr _ v_x sn fdmdq_sd bnmshmtntr rdptdmsh_k mtladqr- Rdptdmbdr _qd
trdetk enq fdmdq_shmf tmhptd rdqh_k mtladqr nq jdx u_ktdr- Sgd rdptdmbd cdmhshnm hr rsnqdc
hm sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx- Rdptdmbd mtladqr _qd fdmdq_sdc hmcdodmcdmskx ne nsgdq c_s_a_rd
naidbsr- Adb_trd _ rdptdmbd b_m ad trdc _r o_qs ne s_akd cdmhshnm+ vd vhkk chrbtrr rdptdmbd
aqhdx adenqd xnt kd_qm sn bqd_sd _ s_akd-
Rxmnmxl ? rxmnmxl hr _m _kh_r enq _mx s_akd+ uhdv+ rdptdmbd+ nq nsgdq _bbdrrhakd c_s_a_rd
naidbs- Adb_trd _ rxmnmxl hr rhlokx _m _kh_r+ hs qdpthqdr mn rsnq_fd nsgdq sg_m hsr cdmhshnm
hm sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx- Rxmnmxlr _qd trdetk adb_trd sgdx ghcd sgd hcdmshsx ne sgd tmcdqkxhmf
naidbs- Sgd naidbs b_m dudm ad o_qs ne _mnsgdq c_s_a_rd- ? otakhb rxmnmxl hr _bbdrrhakd sn
_kk trdqr ne sgd c_s_a_rd+ _mc _ oqhu_sd rxmnmxl hr _bbdrrhakd nmkx sn hsr nvmdq-
Hmcdw ?m hmcdw hr _ rsqtbstqd _rrnbh_sdc vhsg s_akdr trdc sn roddc to sgd ptdqhdr- ?m hmcdw hr
_m _bbdrr o_sg sn qd_bg sgd cdrhqdc qnv e_rsdq- Nq_bkd g_r A,sqdd _mc ahsl_o hmcdwdr- Bqd_shmf.
cqnoohmf hmcdwdr cndr mns _eedbs sgd rsnq_fd ne c_s_ hm sgd tmcdqkxhmf s_akdr- Xnt b_m bqd_sd
tmhptd nq mnmtmhptd hmcdwdr- Tmhptd hmcdwdr _qd bqd_sdc _tsnl_shb_kkx ax Nq_bkd vgdm xnt
bqd_sd _ oqhl_qx jdx nq _ tmhptd jdx bnmrsq_hms hm _ s_akd- ? bnlonrhsd hmcdw g_r lnqd sg_m
nmd bnktlm hm sgd hmcdw-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b g_r _ vhcd _qq_x ne c_s_a_rd naidbsr sn rths u_qhntr _ookhb_shnm
qdpthqdldmsr- Sgdrd naidbsr _qd mns chrbtrrdc hm sghr annj adb_trd sgdx _qd mns o_qs ne
sgd bdqshb_shnm dw_l _s sghr shld- Rnld ne sgd nsgdq c_s_a_rd naidbsr sg_s l_x ad trdc
hm _ookhb_shnm cdudknoldms _qd bktrsdqr+ chldmrhnmr+ chqdbsnqhdr+ etmbshnmr+ I_u_ rntqbdr.
bk_rrdr+ khaq_qhdr+ l_sdqh_khydc uhdvr+ _mc sxodr-
Rbgdl_ Naidbsr
? rbgdl_ hr _ bnkkdbshnm ne c_s_a_rd naidbsr nvmdc ax _ rhmfkd trdq- Enq dw_lokd+ _ rbgdl_
b_m g_ud s_akdr+ uhdvr+ sqhffdqr+ rxmnmxlr+ _mc OK.RPK oqnfq_lr rtbg _r oqnbdctqdr- ?
rbgdl_ hr nvmdc ax _ c_s_a_rd trdq _mc g_r sgd r_ld m_ld _r sgd trdq- He sgd c_s_a_rd trdq
cndr mns nvm _mx c_s_a_rd naidbsr+ sgdm mn rbgdl_ hr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg sgd trdq- ? rbgdl_ hr
_ knfhb_k fqntohmf ne c_s_a_rd naidbsr-
Sgdqd b_m ad nmkx nmd rbgdl_ _rrnbh_sdc vhsg _ c_s_a_rd trdq+ _mc _ rbgdl_ hr bqd_sdc
vgdm xnt bqd_sd _mx c_s_a_rd naidbs tmcdq sgd trdq- ? rbgdl_ l_x hmbktcd _mx nq _kk ne sgd
a_rhb c_s_a_rd naidbsr chrbtrrdc d_qkhdq- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b l_x _krn hmbktcd sgd enkknvhmf
sxodr ne rsqtbstqdr hm sgd rbgdl_- Sgdrd naidbsr _qd khrsdc gdqd nmkx sn fhud xnt _m nudquhdv
ne rbgdl_r: bqd_shmf _mc l_m_fhmf sgdrd naidbsr _qd mns o_qs ne sgd bdqshb_shnm dw_l _s sghr
shld- Enq sgd bdqshb_shnm dw_l+ oqdo_qd sn jmnv sgd rbgdl_ naidbsr chrbtrrdc hm sghr bg_osdq-
L_sdqh_khydc Uhdv L_sdqh_khydc uhdvr _qd naidbsr trdc sn rtll_qhyd _mc qdokhb_sd
c_s_- Sgdx _qd rhlhk_q sn uhdvr ats nbbtox rsnq_fd ro_bd- L_sdqh_khydc uhdvr _qd l_hmkx
trdc hm c_s_,v_qdgntrd dmuhqnmldmsr vgdqd c_s_ mddcr sn ad _ffqdf_sdc _mc rsnqdc rn
sg_s ptdqhdr _mc qdonqsr qtm e_rsdq- L_sdqh_khydc uhdvr b_m _krn ad trdc sn qdokhb_sd c_s_
eqnl _mnsgdq c_s_a_rd-
Chldmrhnm ? chldmrhnm hr _ knfhb_k rsqtbstqd sn cdmd sgd qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm bnktlmr hm
_ s_akd- Chldmrhnmr _qd cdmdc hm sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx _mc cn mns nbbtox _mx rsnq_fd ro_bd-
Sgd bnktlmr hm _ chldmrhnm b_m ad eqnl _ rhmfkd s_akd nq eqnl ltkshokd s_akdr- ?m dw_lokd
ne _ chldmrhnm vntkc ad sgd qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm bntmsqx+ rs_sd+ _mc bhsx hm _ s_akd sg_s
rsnqdr _ccqdrr hmenql_shnm-
Bktrsdq ? bktrsdq hr _ ldsgnc ne rsnqhmf c_s_ eqnl qdk_sdc s_akdr _s _ bnllnm ogxrhb_k knb_,
shnm- Sgd s_akdr hm sgd bktrsdq rg_qd nmd nq lnqd bnllnm bnktlmr- Sgd qnvr ne sgd s_akdr hm
_ bktrsdq _qd rsnqdc snfdsgdq vhsg itrs nmd bnox ne sgd bnllnm bktrsdqdc bnktlmr- Xnt b_m
rg_qd sgd rsnq_fd ne qnvr hm qdk_sdc s_akdr enq odqenql_mbd qd_rnmr he sgd _bbdrr sn sgd qnvr hm
sgd s_akdr _kv_xr hmunkudr inhm nodq_shnmr nm sgd s_akdr- Enq dw_lokd+ he xnt g_ud _m NQCDQR
s_akd _mc _ BTRSNLDQR s_akd hm sgd rbgdl_+ xnt b_m ptdqx sgd NQCDQR s_akd _kv_xr inhmhmf sgd
BTRSNLDQR s_akd+ adb_trd sg_s&r vgdqd xnt fds sgd btrsnldq m_ld _rrnbh_sdc vhsg sgd btrsnldq
HC- ? bktrsdq l_x ad bqd_sdc enq sgd NQCDQR _mc BTRSNLDQR s_akdr rn sg_s sgd qnvr _rrnbh_sdc
vhsg sgd r_ld btrsnldq _qd rsnqdc hm sgd r_ld ogxrhb_k rsnq_fd _qd_ ’aknbj(-
C_s_a_rd Khmjr ? c_s_a_rd khmj hr _ rbgdl_ naidbs sg_s dm_akdr xnt sn _bbdrr _m naidbs
eqnl _ cheedqdms c_s_a_rd- RPK ptdqhdr b_m qdedqdmbd s_akdr _mc uhdvr adknmfhmf sn sgd qdlnsd
c_s_a_rd ax _oodmchmf ?ca^khmj^mZld sn sgd s_akd nq uhdv- Enq dw_lokd+ sn _bbdrr sgd
C_s_a_rd Naidbsr Nudquhdv 212
BTRSNLDQ^NQCDQR s_akd trhmf _ c_s_a_rd khmj m_ldc KNMCNM^R KDR+ xnt vntkc trd BTRSNLDQ^
NQCDQR?KNMCNM^R KDR-
Sqhffdqr ? sqhffdq hr _ rsnqdc OK.RPK oqnfq_l sg_s hr dwdbtsdc vgdm _ rodbhdc bnmchshnm
nbbtqr- ? sqhffdq b_m ad cdmdc nm _ s_akd sn 'qd– vgdm _m hmrdqs+ toc_sd+ nq cdkdsd nodq_,
shnm nbbtqr nm sgd s_akd- ? sqhffdq l_x _krn ad cdmdc nm sgd c_s_a_rd sn 'qd– vgdm bdqs_hm
c_s_a_rd bnmchshnmr nbbtq+ rtbg _r rs_qshmf sgd c_s_a_rd+ nq vgdm _ c_s_a_rd dqqnq nbbtqr-
I_u_ Naidbsr Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hmbktcdr I_u_ naidbsr rtbg _r I_u_ bk_rrdr+ I_u_ rntqbdr+
_mc I_u_ qdrntqbdr- I_u_ rsnqdc oqnfq_lr b_m ad bqd_sdc trhmf sgd cheedqdms I_u_ naidbs sxodr-
OK.RPK Oqnfq_lr OK.RPK rsnqdc oqnfq_lr hmbktcd oqnbdctqdr+ etmbshnmr+ _mc o_bj_fdr-
? oqnbdctqd hr _ OK.RPK oqnfq_ll_shb bnmrsqtbs- ? etmbshnm hr rhlhk_q sn _ oqnbdctqd ats
_kv_xr qdstqmr _ u_ktd- ? o_bj_fd hr _ fqntohmf ne qdk_sdc OK.RPK naidbsr-
Tmcdqrs_mchmf M_ldro_bdr
? m_ldro_bd hr _m hlonqs_ms bnmbdos sn tmcdqrs_mc vgdm s_kjhmf _ants rbgdl_ naidbsr-
? m_ldro_bd cdmdr _ fqnto ne naidbs sxodr+ vhsghm vghbg _kk m_ldr ltrs ad tmhptdkx
hcdmshdc vhsghm _ rbgdl_- Naidbsr hm cheedqdms m_ldro_bdr b_m rg_qd sgd r_ld m_ld-
Vgdm xnt qdedq _m naidbs hm sgd RPK rs_sdldms+ Nq_bkd knb_sdr sgd naidbs hm sgd _ooqnoqh,
_sd m_ldro_bd- ? s_akd b_m g_ud sgd r_ld m_ld _r _m hmcdw nq _ bnmrsq_hms- Sgd m_ldro_bd hr
rhlokx sgd cnl_hm ne _kknv_akd m_ldr enq sgd rds ne rbgdl_ naidbsr sg_s hs rdqudr- Sgd enkknv,
hmf _qd rnld ne sgd m_ldro_bdr _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b9
S_akdr+ uhdvr+ oqhu_sd rxmnmxlr+ rdptdmbdr+ OK.RPK oqnbdctqdr+ OK.RPK etmbshnmr+
OK.RPK o_bj_fdr+ l_sdqh_khydc uhdvr
Bnmrsq_hmsr
Hmcdwdr
Bktrsdqr
C_s_a_rd sqhffdqr
Oqhu_sd c_s_a_rd khmjr
Chldmrhnmr
Qnkdr
Otakhb rxmnmxlr
Otakhb c_s_a_rd khmjr
S_akdro_bdr
Oqnehkdr
Enq dw_lokd+ he xnt g_ud _ uhdv m_ldc ANNJR+ xnt b_mmns m_ld _ s_akd ANNJR ’s_akdr
_mc uhdvr rg_qd _ m_ldro_bd(+ _ksgntfg xnt b_m bqd_sd _m hmcdw m_ldc ANNJR ’hmcdwdr _mc
s_akdr g_ud rdo_q_sd m_ldro_bdr( _mc _ bnmrsq_hms m_ldc ANNJR ’bnmrsq_hmsr _mc s_akdr g_ud
rdo_q_sd m_ldro_bdr(-
213 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
Sn gdko xnt tmcdqrs_mc vghbg naidbs sxodr adknmf sn sgd r_ld m_ldro_bd+ xnt b_m trd
sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx hm xntq c_s_a_rd-
?ksgntfg hs hr mns dwokhbhskx rodbhdc _r _m dw_l naidbshud+ vd vhkk chrbtrr sgd rbgdl_
naidbs rdptdmbd hm sgd mdws rdbshnm+ _r hs hr onrrhakd sn trd sgd rdptdmbd u_ktdr hm s_akd cd,
mhshnm enq cde_tks u_ktdr ne bnktlmr-
Trhmf Rdptdmbdr
?m Nq_bkd rdptdmbd hr _ m_ldc rdptdmsh_k,mtladq fdmdq_snq- Rdptdmbd mtladqr _qd rdqh_k
mtladqr hmbqdldmsdc vhsg _ rodbhb hmsdqu_k- Rdptdmbdr _qd nesdm trdc enq _qshbh_k jdxr
nq sn nqcdq qnvr sg_s nsgdqvhrd g_ud mn nqcdq- Rdptdmbdr dwhrs nmkx hm sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx+
_mc sgdx cn mns s_jd to _mx rodbh_k rsnq_fd ro_bd _r s_akdr- Rdptdmbdr b_m ad bnmftqdc sn
hmbqd_rd nq cdbqd_rd vhsgnts antmcr nq sn qdod_s ’bxbkd( tonm qd_bghmf _ antmc_qx u_ktd-
Rdptdmbdr _qd bqd_sdc vhsg sgd BQD SD RDPTDMBD rs_sdldms- Sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms
bqd_sdr _ rdptdmbd hm sgd GQ rbgdl_9
Sn _bbdrr sgd mdws mtladq hm sgd rdptdmbd+ xnt rhlokx rdkdbs eqnl hs+ trhmf sgd ordtcn,
bnktlm MDWSU K- Sn fds sgd k_rs rdptdmbd mtladq xntq rdrrhnm g_r fdmdq_sdc+ xnt rdkdbs
eqnl hs trhmf sgd ordtcnbnktlm BTQQU K- He xntq rdrrhnm g_r mns xds fdmdq_sdc _ mdv
rdptdmbd mtladq+ BTQQU K vhkk ad tmcdmdc-
Sgd rxms_w enq _bbdrrhmf sgd mdws rdptdmbd mtladq hr _r enkknvr9
rdptdmbd^mZld-mdwsuZk
rdptdmbd^mZld-btqquZk
Rdptdmbd Hmhsh_khy_shnm
Sgd rdptdmbd hr hmhsh_khydc hm sgd rdrrhnm vgdm xnt rdkdbs sgd MDWSU K eqnl sgd rdptdmbd-
Nmd oqnakdl sg_s xnt l_x dmbntmsdq trhmf rdptdmbdr hmunkudr rdkdbshmf BTQQU K eqnl sgd
rdptdmbd adenqd hmhsh_khyhmf hs vhsghm xntq rdrrhnm ax rdkdbshmf MDWSU K eqnl hs- Gdqd hr _m
dw_lokd9
Rdptdmbd bqdZsdc-
Athks,hm C_s_sxodr 214
DQQNQ Zs khmd 09
NQ ,/7//19 rdptdmbd ONKHBX^RDP-BTQQU K hr mns xds cdehmdc
hm sghr rdrrhnm
L_jd rtqd xntq bncd hmhsh_khydr _ rdptdmbd vhsghm xntq rdrrhnm ax rdkdbshmf hsr MDWSU K
adenqd xnt sqx sn qdedqdmbd BTQQU K9
MDWSU K
,,,,,,,,,,
0
BTQQU K
,,,,,,,,,,
0
Rdptdmbdr b_m ad trdc hm sgd RDS bk_trd ne sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms sn _rrhfm _ u_ktd sn _ bnk,
tlm hm _m dwhrshmf qnv- Sgdx b_m ad trdc hm sgd U KTDR bk_trd ne sgd HMRDQS rs_sdldms _krn-
Athks,hm C_s_sxodr
Vgdm bqd_shmf s_akdr+ xnt ltrs rodbhex _ c_s_sxod enq d_bg bnktlm xnt cdmd- Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b hr qhbg vhsg u_qhntr c_s_sxodr sn rsnqd cheedqdms jhmcr ne hmenql_shnm- Ax
bgnnrhmf sgd _ooqnoqh_sd c_s_sxod+ xnt vhkk ad _akd sn rsnqd _mc qdsqhdud c_s_ vhsgnts bnl,
oqnlhrhmf hsr hmsdfqhsx- ? c_s_sxod _rrnbh_sdr _ oqdcdmdc rds ne oqnodqshdr vhsg sgd bnktlm-
Sgd athks,hm c_s_sxodr hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b b_m ad bk_rrhdc hmsn ud l_inq b_sdfnqhdr-
Ehftqd 6-1 rgnvr sgd b_sdfnqhdr _mc sgd c_s_sxod m_ldr-
Bg_osdq 1+ 'Hmsqnctbhmf RPK+– hmsqnctbdc entq a_rhb c_s_sxodr9 BG?Q+ U?QBG?Q1+
MTLADQ+ _mc C?SD- Gdqd+ vd vhkk qduhdv sgnrd c_s_sxodr _mc cdrbqhad sgd nsgdq c_s_sxodr
sg_s xnt b_m rodbhex vghkd bqd_shmf _ s_akd-
Bg_q_bsdq C_s_sxodr
Rdudm bg_q_bsdq c_s_sxodr b_m ad trdc sn cdmd bnktlmr hm _ s_akd9
BG?Q
MBG?Q
215 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
U?QBG?Q1
MU?QBG?Q1
BKNA
MBKNA
KNMF
Q@V C@SD
KNMF Q@V SHLDRS@LO
AKNA SHLDRS@LO VHSG SHLD YNMD
AEHKD SHLDRS@LO VHSG KNB@K SHLD YNMD
HMSDQU@K XD@Q SN LNMSG
HMSDQU@K C@X SN RDBNMC
Bg_q_bsdq c_s_sxodr rsnqd _kog_mtldqhb c_s_ hm sgd c_s_a_rd bg_q_bsdq rds nq hm sgd
Tmhbncd bg_q_bsdq rds- Xnt cdmd sgd c_s_a_rd bg_q_bsdq rds vgdm xnt bqd_sd sgd c_s_a_rd-
Sgd bg_q_bsdq rds cdsdqlhmdr vghbg k_mft_fdr b_m ad qdoqdrdmsdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Enq
dw_lokd+ TR6 RBHH hr _ 6,ahs RBHH bg_q_bsdq rds sg_s b_m qdoqdrdms sgd Dmfkhrg k_mft_fd _mc
_mx nsgdq k_mft_fd sg_s trdr sgd Dmfkhrg _kog_ads rds- VD7HRN7748O0 hr _m 7,ahs bg_q_bsdq rds
sg_s b_m rtoonqs ltkshokd Dtqnod_m k_mft_fdr rtbg _r Dmfkhrg+ Fdql_m+ Eqdmbg+ ?ka_mh_m+
Ro_mhrg+ Onqstftdrd+ Hqhrg+ _mc rn nm+ adb_trd sgdx _kk trd _ rhlhk_q vqhshmf rbqhos- Tmhbncd+
sgd Tmhudqr_k Bg_q_bsdq Rds+ _kknvr xnt sn rsnqd _mx k_mft_fd bg_q_bsdq trhmf _ rhmfkd bg_q,
_bsdq rds- Sgd Tmhbncd bg_q_bsdq rds rtoonqsdc ax Nq_bkd hr dhsgdq 05,ahs dmbnchmf ’TSE,05( nq
7,ahs dmbnchmf ’TSE,7(- Xnt b_m bgnnrd sgd Tmhbncd c_s_sxodr sn ad trdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd vghkd
bqd_shmf sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd BG?Q+ U?QBG?Q1+ BKNA c_s_sxod u_ktdr _qd rsnqdc hm sgd
c_s_a_rd cde_tks bg_q_bsdq rds-
Xnt b_m _krn cdmd _m _ksdqm_shud bg_q_bsdq rds hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ jmnvm _r sgd M_shnm_k
Bg_q_bsdq Rds- Sghr hr trdetk vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd bg_q_bsdq rds b_mmns _bbnllnc_sd ltksh,
axsd k_mft_fdr _mc xnt mddc sn rsnqd ltkshaxsd k_mft_fd hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd MBG?Q+
MU?QBG?Q1+ _mc MBKNA c_s_sxod u_ktdr trd sgd M_shnm_k Bg_q_bsdq Rds-
Athks,hm C_s_sxodr 216
BG?Q
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd BG?Q c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
BG Q @&;rhyd= @AXSD { BG Q \ ( \
Sgd BG?Q c_s_sxod hr wdc,kdmfsg+ vhsg sgd l_whltl rhyd ne sgd bnktlm rodbhdc hm
o_qdmsgdrdr- Xnt b_m _krn hmbktcd sgd noshnm_k jdxvnqc AXSD nq BG Q hmrhcd sgd o_qdmsgdrdr
_knmf vhsg sgd rhyd sn hmchb_sd vgdsgdq sgd rhyd hr hm axsdr nq hm bg_q_bsdqr- AXSD hr sgd cde_tks-
Enq rhmfkd,axsd,c_s_a_rd bg_q_bsdq rdsr ’rtbg _r TR6 RBHH(+ sgd rhyd rodbhdc hm axsdr
_mc sgd rhyd rodbhdc hm bg_q_bsdqr _qd sgd r_ld- He sgd bnktlm u_ktd hr rgnqsdq sg_m sgd
rhyd cdmdc+ sq_hkhmf ro_bdr _qd _ccdc sn sgd bnktlm u_ktd- Rodbhexhmf sgd rhyd hr noshnm_k+
_mc sgd cde_tks rhyd hr 0 axsd- Sgd l_whltl _kknvdc rhyd hm _ BG?Q c_s_sxod bnktlm hr
1+/// axsdr- Gdqd _qd edv dw_lokdr ne rodbhexhmf _ BG?Q c_s_sxod bnktlm9
dloknxdd^hc BG Q &4(
dloknxdd^mZld BG Q &0// BG Q(
dloknxdd^rdw BG Q
MBG?Q
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd MBG?Q c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
Sgd MBG?Q c_s_sxod hr rhlhk_q sn BG?Q+ ats hs hr trdc sn rsnqd Tmhbncd bg_q_bsdq,rds
c_s_- Sgd MBG?Q c_s_sxod hr wdc,kdmfsg+ vhsg _ l_whltl rhyd ne 1+/// axsdr _mc _
cde_tks rhyd ne _ bg_q_bsdq-
Sgd rhyd hm sgd MBG?Q c_s_sxod cdmhshnm hr _kv_xr rodbhdc hm bg_q_bsdqr- Sq_hkhmf
ro_bdr _qd _ccdc he sgd u_ktd hmrdqsdc hmsn sgd bnktlm hr rgnqsdq sg_m sgd bnktlm&r l_whltl
kdmfsg- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne rodbhexhmf _m MBG?Q c_s_sxod bnktlm9
Rdudq_k athks,hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b etmbshnmr g_ud noshnmr sn qdoqdrdms MBG?Q c_s_-
?m MBG?Q rsqhmf l_x ad qdoqdrdmsdc ax oqdwhmf sgd rsqhmf vhsg M+ _r hm sghr dw_lokd9
U?QBG?Q1
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd U?QBG?Q1 c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
Trhmf sgd KNMF c_s_sxod hr chrbntq_fdc hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- Hs hr oqnuhcdc nmkx enq
a_bjv_qc bnlo_shahkhsx- Xnt rgntkc trd sgd BKNA c_s_sxod hmrsd_c ne KNMF- KNMF bnktlmr
b_m rsnqd to sn 1FA“0 ne bg_q_bsdq c_s_- Sgdqd b_m ad nmkx nmd KNMF bnktlm hm sgd s_akd cde,
hmhshnm- ? KNMF c_s_sxod bnktlm b_m ad trdc hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd ne _ ptdqx+ sgd RDS bk_trd
ne sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms+ _mc sgd U KTDR bk_trd ne sgd HMRDQS rs_sdldms- Xnt b_m _krn bqd_sd
_ MNS MTKK bnmrsq_hms nm _ KNMF bnktlm-
KNMF c_s_sxod bnktlmr b_mmns _ood_q hm sgd enkknvhmf9
Sgd VGDQD+ FQNTO AX+ nq NQCDQ AX bk_trdr
? RDKDBS bk_trd he sgd CHRSHMBS nodq_snq hr trdc
? RDKDBS khrs ne rtaptdqhdr trdc hm HMRDQS rs_sdldmsr
? RDKDBS khrs ne rtaptdqhdr trdc vhsg sgd TMHNM+ HMSDQRDBS+ nq LHMTR nodq_snq
? RDKDBS khrs ne ptdqhdr vhsg sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd
Mtldqhb C_s_sxodr
Entq athks,hm mtldqhb c_s_sxodr b_m ad trdc enq cdmhmf mtldqhb bnktlmr hm _ s_akd9
MTLADQ
AHM?QX^EKN?S
AHM?QX^CNTAKD
EKN?S
Mtldqhb c_s_sxodr _qd trdc sn rsnqd hmsdfdq _mc n_shmf,onhms mtladqr- Sgd MTLADQ
c_s_sxod b_m rsnqd _kk sxodr ne mtldqhb c_s_+ ats AHM?QX^EKN?S _mc AHM?QX^CNTAKD
fhud adssdq odqenql_mbd vhsg n_shmf,onhms mtladqr- EKN?S hr _ rtasxod ne MTLADQ-
MTLADQ
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd MTLADQ c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
MTLADQ @ &;oqdbhrhnm= @+ ;rbZkd=\ (\
Xnt b_m qdoqdrdms _kk mnm,Nq_bkd mtldqhb c_s_sxodr rtbg _r EKN?S+ HMSDFDQ+
CDBHL?K+ CNTAKD+ _mc rn nm+ trhmf sgd MTLADQ c_s_sxod- Sgd MTLADQ
c_s_sxod b_m rsnqd ansg wdc,onhms _mc n_shmf,onhms mtladqr- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
01b hmsqnctbdc svn mdv c_s_sxodr sn rtoonqs n_shmf,onhms mtladqr…rodbhb_kkx+
AHM?QX^EKN?S _mc AHM?QX^CNTAKD-
AHM?QX^EKN?S
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd AHM?QX^EKN?S c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
AHM QX^EKN S
22 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
AHM?QX^CNTAKD
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd AHM?QX^CNTAKD c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
AHM QX^CNTAKD
EKN?S
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd EKN?S c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
EKN S @&oqdbhrhnm(\
C?SD
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd C?SD c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
C SD
Sgd C?SD c_s_sxod rsnqdr c_sd _mc shld hmenql_shnm- Xnt b_m rsnqd sgd c_sdr eqnl
I_mt_qx 0+ 3601 --+ sn -- Cdbdladq 20+ 8888- He xnt rodbhex _ c_sd u_ktd vhsgnts sgd
shld bnlonmdms+ sgd cde_tks shld hr 019// -- ’lhcmhfgs+ //9//9// gntqr(- He xnt rodbhex
_ c_sd u_ktd vhsgnts sgd c_sd bnlonmdms+ sgd cde_tks u_ktd hr sgd qrs c_x ne sgd btqqdms
lnmsg- Sgd C?SD c_s_sxod rsnqdr bdmstqx+ xd_q+ lnmsg+ c_sd+ gntq+ lhmtsd+ _mc rdbnmcr
hmsdqm_kkx- Xnt b_m chrok_x sgd c_sdr hm u_qhntr enql_sr trhmf sgd MKR^C SD^ENQL S o_q_l,
dsdq nq ax rodbhexhmf _ enql_s l_rj vhsg sgd SN^BG Q etmbshnm- Sgd u_qhntr c_sd,enql_s
l_rjr _qd chrbtrrdc hm Bg_osdq 2+ 'Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr-–
SHLDRS?LO
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd SHLDRS?LO c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
SHLDRS LO @&;oqdbhrhnm=(\
Sgd SHLRS LO c_s_sxod rsnqdr c_sd _mc shld hmenql_shnm vhsg eq_bshnm_k,rdbnmcr oqdbh,
rhnm- Sgd nmkx cheedqdmbd adsvddm sgd C?SD _mc SHLDRS?LO c_s_sxodr hr sgd _ahkhsx sn
rsnqd eq_bshnm_k rdbnmcr to sn _ oqdbhrhnm ne mhmd chfhsr- Sgd cde_tks oqdbhrhnm hr 5 _mc b_m
q_mfd eqnl / sn 8-
SZakd bqdZsdc-
B^SHLDYNMD1 B^SR^VSY
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1/02,/7,07 059/4941-08 1/02,/7,07 059/4941-,/49//
B^SR^VKSY
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1/02,/7,07 059/4941-077//////
C_sd ?qhsgldshb
C_sdshld c_s_sxodr b_m ad trdc hm dwoqdrrhnmr vhsg sgd oktr ’*( nq lhmtr ’,( nodq_snq- Xnt
b_m trd sgd *+ ,+ )+ _mc . nodq_snqr vhsg sgd HMSDQU?K c_s_sxodr- C_sdr _qd rsnqdc hm sgd
c_s_a_rd _r Itkh_m mtladqr vhsg _ eq_bshnm bnlonmdms enq sgd shld- ? Itkh_m c_sd qdedqr sn
sgd mtladq ne c_xr rhmbd I_mt_qx 0+ 3601 A-B- Adb_trd ne sgd shld bnlonmdms ne sgd c_sd+
bnlo_qhmf c_sdr b_m qdrtks hm eq_bshnm_k cheedqdmbdr+ dudm sgntfg sgd c_sd hr sgd r_ld- Nq_bkd
oqnuhcdr _ mtladq ne etmbshnmr+ rtbg _r SQTMB+ sg_s gdko xnt qdlnud sgd shld bnlonmdms
vgdm xnt v_ms sn bnlo_qd nmkx sgd c_sd onqshnmr-
?cchmf 0 sn sgd c_sd rhlokx lnudr sgd c_sd _gd_c nmd c_x- Xnt b_m _cc shld sn sgd c_sd
ax _cchmf _ eq_bshnm ne _ c_x- Nmd c_x dpt_kr 13 gntqr+ nq 13 5/ lhmtsdr+ nq 13 5/ 5/
rdbnmcr- S_akd 6-0 rgnvr sgd mtladqr trdc sn _cc nq rtasq_bs shld enq _ c_sdshld c_s_sxod-
0 c_x 0 0
Rtasq_bshmf svn c_sdr fhudr xnt sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm sgd c_sdr hm c_xr- Sghr trt_kkx
qdrtksr hm _ eq_bshnm_k bnlonmdms sg_s qdoqdrdmsr sgd shld cheedqdmbd- He sgd shld bnlon,
mdmsr _qd sgd r_ld+ sgdqd vhkk ad mn eq_bshnm_k qdrtksr-
? c_sdshld u_ktd nodq_shnm trhmf _ mtldqhb u_ktd qdrtksr hm _ c_sdshld u_ktd- Sgd enkknvhmf
dw_lokd _ccr svn c_xr _mc 01 gntqr sn _ c_sd u_ktd9
DW LO
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1/02,0/,16 /09/8903
DW LO
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1/02,0/,13 /69/8903
? c_sdshld u_ktd rtasq_bsdc eqnl _mnsgdq c_sdshld u_ktd qdrtksr hm _ mtldqhb u_ktd ’sgd
cheedqdmbd hm c_xr(- Xnt b_mmns _cc svn c_sdshld u_ktdr- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd sg_s qdrtksr hm
sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm c_sdr _r _ eq_bshnm ne _ c_x9
Sghr dw_lokd bnmudqsr sgd eq_bshnm ne c_xr sn gntqr+ lhmtsdr+ _mc rdbnmcr trhmf sgd
MTLSNCRHMSDQU K etmbshnm9
? c_sdshld u_ktd nodq_shnm trhmf _m hmsdqu_k u_ktd qdrtksr hm _ c_sdshld u_ktd- Sgd
enkknvhmf dw_lokd _ccr nmd xd_q _mc sgqdd lnmsgr sn snc_x&r c_sd9
SN^CRHMSDQU K&£0/292/9//-/£()1
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
*////////1 /69//9//-/////////
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd rgnvr _qhsgldshb adsvddm svn HMSDQU?K C?X SN RDBNMC
c_s_sxod u_ktdr- Sgd hmsdqu_k u_ktd ne 2 gntqr _mc 2/ lhmtsdr hr rtasq_bsdc eqnl 0 c_x+
2 gntqr+ _mc 2/ lhmtsdr+ qdrtkshmf hm 0 c_x-
Ahm_qx C_s_sxodr
Ahm_qx c_s_sxodr rsnqd hmenql_shnm vhsgnts bnmudqshmf hs sn sgd c_s_a_rd&r bg_q_bsdq rds-
Sghr sxod ne rsnq_fd hr qdpthqdc sn rsnqd hl_fdr+ _tchn.uhcdn+ dwdbts_akd kdr+ _mc rhlhk_q
c_s_- Entq c_s_sxodr _qd _u_hk_akd sn rsnqd ahm_qx c_s_9
Q?V
KNMF Q?V
AKNA
AEHKD
Q?V
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd Q?V c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
Q V &;rhyd=(
Athks,hm C_s_sxodr 226
Q?V hr trdc sn rsnqd ahm_qx hmenql_shnm to sn 1+/// axsdr- Xnt ltrs rodbhex sgd
l_whltl rhyd ne sgd bnktlm hm axsdr- Q?V hr _ u_qh_akd,kdmfsg c_s_sxod-
KNMF Q?V
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd KNMF Q?V c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
KNMF Q V
Hs&r sgd r_ld _r Q?V+ ats vhsg to sn 1FA ne rsnq_fd+ _mc xnt b_m&s rodbhex _ l_whltl
rhyd- KNMF Q?V hr rtoonqsdc hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b enq a_bjv_qc bnlo_shahkhsx- Trd
AKNA hmrsd_c- Xnt b_m g_ud nmkx nmd KNMF Q V nq KNMF bnktlm hm _ s_akd-
AKNA
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd AKNA c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
AKNA
AKNA b_m rsnqd ahm_qx c_s_ to sn 3FA- Sgdqd hr mn rhyd rodbhb_shnm enq sghr c_s_sxod-
AEHKD
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd AEHKD c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
AEHKD
AEHKD hr trdc sn rsnqd hmenql_shnm nm dwsdqm_k kdr- Sgd dwsdqm_k kd rhyd b_m ad to
sn 3FA- Nq_bkd rsnqdr nmkx sgd kd onhmsdq hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd _bst_k kd hr rsnqdc nm
sgd nodq_shmf rxrsdl- Ne sgd entq K_qfd Naidbs c_s_sxodr ’BKNA+ AKNA+ MBKNA+ _mc
AEHKD(+ nmkx AEHKD rsnqdr _bst_k c_s_ ntsrhcd sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd-
Qnv HC C_s_sxodr
Ogxrhb_k rsnq_fd ne d_bg qnv hm _ s_akd b_m ad qdoqdrdmsdc trhmf _ tmhptd u_ktd b_kkdc sgd
QNVHC- Dudqx s_akd g_r _ ordtcnbnktlm b_kkdc sgd QNVHC- Sn rsnqd rtbg u_ktdr+ Nq_bkd
oqnuhcdr svn c_s_sxodr9
QNVHC
TQNVHC
QNVHC
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd QNVHC c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
QNVHC
QNVHC b_m rsnqd sgd ogxrhb_k _ccqdrr ne _ qnv- Ogxrhb_k QNVHCr rsnqd sgd _ccqdrrdr ne
qnvr hm nqchm_qx s_akdr ’dwbktchmf hmcdw,nqf_mhydc s_akdr(+ bktrsdqdc s_akdr+ s_akd o_qshshnmr
227 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
_mc rtao_qshshnmr+ hmcdwdr+ _mc hmcdw o_qshshnmr _mc rtao_qshshnmr- Knfhb_k QNVHCr rsnqd
sgd _ccqdrrdr ne qnvr hm hmcdw,nqf_mhydc s_akdr- Ogxrhb_k QNVHCr oqnuhcd sgd e_rsdrs onrrhakd
_bbdrr sn _ qnv ne _ fhudm s_akd-
TQNVHC
Sgd rxms_w enq sgd TQNVHC c_s_sxod hr _r enkknvr9
TQNVHC
TQNVHC b_m rsnqd sgd knfhb_k QNVHCr ne hmcdw,nqf_mhydc s_akdr nq mnm,Nq_bkd c_s_,
a_rd s_akdr- Nq_bkd bqd_sdr knfhb_k QNVHCr a_rdc nm _m hmcdw,nqf_mhydc s_akd&r oqhl_qx
jdx- Sgd knfhb_k QNVHCr cn mns bg_mfd _r knmf _r sgd oqhl_qx jdx cndr mns bg_mfd-
Bqd_shmf S_akdr
Mnv sg_s xnt g_ud kd_qmdc _ants sgd u_qhntr c_s_sxodr xnt b_m trd sn rsnqd s_akd c_s_+ xnt
_qd qd_cx sn bqd_sd _ s_akd- Xnt b_m sghmj ne _ s_akd _r _ roqd_crgdds vhsg bnktlmr _mc qnvr-
Hs hr _ rsqtbstqd sg_s gnkcr c_s_ hm _ qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rd- Sgd s_akd hr bqd_sdc vhsg _ m_ld
sn hcdmshex hs _mc bnktlmr cdmdc vhsg u_khc bnktlm m_ldr _mc bnktlm _ssqhatsdr+ rtbg _r
sgd c_s_sxod _mc rhyd- BQD SD S AKD hr _ bnloqdgdmrhud rs_sdldms vhsg l_mx noshnmr- Sgd
bdqshb_shnm dw_l nmkx bnudqr bqd_shmf _mc l_m_fhmf _ rhlokd qdk_shnm_k s_akd- Gdqd hr sgd
rhlokdrs enql_s sn trd sn bqd_sd _ s_akd9
SZakd bqdZsdc-
Xnt rodbhex sgd s_akd m_ld enkknvhmf sgd jdxvnqcr BQD SD S AKD- Sgd oqduhntr
dw_lokd bqd_sdr _ s_akd m_ldc OQNCTBSR tmcdq sgd trdq ’rbgdl_( bnmmdbsdc sn sgd c_s_,
a_rd- Sgd s_akd m_ld b_m ad pt_khdc vhsg sgd trdqm_ld: xnt ltrs pt_khex sgd s_akd
vgdm bqd_shmf _ s_akd hm _mnsgdq trdq&r rbgdl_- S_akd _mc bnktlm m_ldr _qd chrbtrrdc
hm lnqd cds_hk hm sgd mdws rdbshnm-
Sgd bnktlm cdmhshnmr _qd dmbknrdc hm o_qdmsgdrdr- Sgd s_akd bqd_sdc ax sgd oqduhntr
bncd g_r sgqdd bnktlmr+ d_bg hcdmshdc ax _ m_ld _mc c_s_sxod- Bnll_r rdo_q_sd sgd bnk,
tlm cdmhshnmr- Sghr s_akd g_r svn bnktlmr vhsg sgd MTLADQ c_s_sxod _mc nmd bnktlm
vhsg sgd U?QBG?Q1 c_s_sxod- ? c_s_sxod ltrs ad rodbhdc enq d_bg bnktlm-
Vgdm bqd_shmf s_akdr+ xnt b_m rodbhex sgd enkknvhmf9
Cde_tks u_ktdr enq bnktlmr
Vgdsgdq sgd bnktlm hr uhrhakd nq hmuhrhakd
Bqd_shmf S_akdr 230
Sgd c_s_ hmrdqsdc ax _ rdrrhnm hr uhrhakd nmkx sn sg_s rdrrhnm- Mnql_kkx+ vgdm xnt bnllhs
sgd c_s_ bg_mfdr nq mdv qnvr _ccdc sn _ s_akd+ sgd c_s_ hr uhrhakd sn _kk nsgdq rdrrhnmr-
Vgdm xnt%qd trhmf FSSr+ sgd c_s_ hr sqtkx sdlonq_qx”hs hr mns vqhssdm odql_mdmskx
_mxvgdqd- Sgd NM BNLLHS bk_trd b_m ad hmbktcdc sn rodbhex vgdsgdq sgd c_s_ hm sgd
sdlonq_qx s_akd hr rdrrhnm,rodbh“b ’NM BNLLHS OQDRDQUD QNVR( nq sq_mr_bshnm,rodbh“b ’NM
BNLLHS CDKDSD QNVR(- NM BNLLHS CDKDSD QNVR hr sgd cde_tks- He sgd cd“mhshnm hr enq rdrrhnm,
rodbh“b c_s_+ sgd hmrdqsdc c_s_ vhkk ad _u_hk_akd sgqntfgnts sgd rdrrhnm- He sgd FSS hr cd“mdc
_r sq_mr_bshnm,rodbh“b+ sgdm vgdm _ BNLLHS nq QNKKA BJ hr odqenqldc+ sgd c_s_ hm sgd s_akd
hr bkd_qdc- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne bqd_shmf _ sdlonq_qx s_akd vhsg hmrdqsdc c_s_ sg_s vhkk ad
_u_hk_akd sgqntfgnts sgd rdrrhnm9
Sgd dwoq rgntkc ad _m dwoqdrrhnm nq bnmrs_ms sg_s hr ne sgd r_ld c_s_ sxod _r sgd bnktlm-
Sgd hcdmshsx^bkZtrd hr chrbtrrdc tmcdq 'Trhmf Rdptdmbd U_ktdr _r Cde_tks U_ktdr-–
Cde_tks u_ktdr b_mmns qdedq sn _mnsgdq bnktlm+ _mc sgdx b_mmns g_ud sgd ordtcnbnktlmr
KDUDK+ QNVMTL+ nq OQHNQ- Sgd cde_tks u_ktdr b_m hmbktcd RXRC SD+ TRDQ+ TRDQDMU+ _mc THC-
Sgd CDE TKS dwoqdrrhnm b_m hmbktcd _mx RPK etmbshnm _r knmf _r sgd etmbshnm cndr mns qdstqm
_ khsdq_k _qftldms+ _ bnktlm qdedqdmbd+ nq _ mdrsdc etmbshnm hmunb_shnm-
Hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd+ sgd s_akd NQCDQR hr bqd_sdc vhsg _ bnktlm RS STR sg_s g_r _
cde_tks u_ktd ne ODMCHMF9
SZakd bqdZsdc-
0 qnv bqdZsdc-
NQCDQ^MTLADQ RS STR
,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
3//3 ODMCHMF
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne bqd_shmf _ s_akd sg_s hmbktcdr cde_tks u_ktdr enq svn bnktlmr9
SZakd bqdZsdc-
CDRBQHAD dlo^otmbg
MZld Mtkk> Sxod
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
DLO^HC MNS MTKK MTLADQ&5(
SHLD^HM C SD
SHLD^NTS C SD
TOC SDC^AX U QBG Q1&2/(
TOC SD^SHLD SHLDRS LO&5( VHSG
KNB K SHLD YNMD
0 qnv bqdZsdc-
0 qnv bqdZsdc-
0 qnv bqdZsdc-
RPK=
Rdptdmbd bqdZsdc-
SZakd bqdZsdc-
0 qnv bqdZsdc-
Bqd_shmf S_akdr 234
0 qnv bqdZsdc-
0 qnv bqdZsdc-
0 qnv bqdZsdc-
HC M LD
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
0 InrgtZ
3 IdmmZ
1 kZm
Bgqhr
RPK=
?ksgntfg trhmf BTQQU K hm sgd bnktlm _r _ cde_tks hr _kknvdc+ sgd rdptdmbd ltrs
g_ud hmhsh_khydc hm sgd r_ld rdrrhnm trhmf sgd MDWSU K enq xnt sn ad _akd sn trd BTQQU K-
Hmrsd_c ne trhmf _m dwhrshmf rdptdmbd enq cde_tks u_ktd+ xnt b_m cdmd _ rdptdmbd fdm,
dq_snq vhsghm sgd bnktlm cdmhshnm: sghr ed_stqd hr b_kkdc sgd hcdmshsx bnktlm _mc hr chr,
btrrdc hm sgd mdws rdbshnm-
Sgd FDMDQ SDC jdxvnqc sdkkr Nq_bkd sg_s sghr bnktlm u_ktd hr fdmdq_sdc- KV XR hr sgd
cde_tks _mc rodbhdr sg_s sgd bnktlm u_ktd hr mdudq _rrhfmdc: ctqhmf HMRDQS.TCO SD rs_sd,
ldms dwdbtshnm+ sghr bnktlm vhkk _kv_xr ad du_kt_sdc sn MTKK…sgd u_ktd vhkk ad onotk_sdc
ax Nq_bkd a_rdc nm sgd 'hcdmshsx^noshnmr-–
Bqd_shmf S_akdr 236
0 qnv tocZsdc-
RPK=
Sgd mdws dw_lokd rgnvr sgd RPK bncd trdc sn cdmd _ s_akd vhsg _ FDMDQ SDC KV XR
hcdmshsx bnktlm- Gdqd xnt b_m rdd sg_s sgd fdmdq_sdc u_ktd hr _kv_xr trdc+ _mc xnt _qd mns
_kknvdc sn dwokhbhskx _rrhfm _ u_ktd-
SZakd bqdZsdc-
RPK= HMRDQS HMSN nbZ^hcdms1 &hc+ ldln( U KTDR &343+ £Sdrs 0£(:
HMRDQS HMSN nbZ^hcdms1 &hc+ ldln( U KTDR &343+ £Sdrs 0£(
)
DQQNQ Zs khmd 09
NQ ,216849 bZmmns hmrdqs hmsn Z fdmdqZsdc ZkvZxr hcdmshsx bnktlm
RPK= HMRDQS HMSN nbZ^hcdms1 &hc+ ldln( U KTDR &MTKK+ £Sdrs 1£(:
HMRDQS HMSN nbZ^hcdms1 &hc+ ldln( U KTDR &MTKK+ £Sdrs 1£(
)
DQQNQ Zs khmd 09
NQ ,216849 bZmmns hmrdqs hmsn Z fdmdqZsdc ZkvZxr hcdmshsx bnktlm
0 qnv bqdZsdc-
Bqd_shmf S_akdr 238
e_rghnm b_m rdkdbs _kk sgd bnktlmr eqnl _mnsgdq s_akd ’xnt b_m trd )( nq _ rtards ne bnktlmr
nq dwoqdrrhnmr _mc etmbshnmr _ookhdc nm bnktlmr ’sgdrd _qd b_kkdc cdqhudc bnktlmr(- Sgd
rxms_w enq bqd_shmf _ s_akd trhmf _m dwhrshmf s_akd hr _r enkknvr9
Sghr rxms_w hr fdmdq_kkx jmnvm _r BS?R ’sgd _aaqduh_sdc enql ne BQD SD S AKD R
RDKDBS(- Sgd s_akd bg_q_bsdqhrshbr hmbktcd sgd mdv s_akd m_ld _mc hsr rsnq_fd oqnodqshdr-
Enq dw_lokd+ rtoonrd xnt mddc sn ctokhb_sd sgd rsqtbstqd _mc c_s_ ne sgd DLOKNXDDR
s_akd hm sgd DLOKNXDDR^BNOX s_akd- Xnt b_m trd BS?R+ khjd sghr9
SZakd bqdZsdc-
Xnt b_m g_ud bnlokdw ptdqx rs_sdldmsr hm sgd BQD SD S AKD rs_sdldms- Sgd s_akd hr
bqd_sdc vhsg mn qnvr he sgd ptdqx qdstqmdc mn qnvr- He xnt itrs v_ms sn bnox sgd rsqtbstqd
ne sgd s_akd+ l_jd rtqd sgd ptdqx qdstqmr mn qnvr9
Xnt b_m oqnuhcd bnktlm _kh_r m_ldr sn g_ud cheedqdms bnktlm m_ldr hm sgd mdvkx bqd_sdc
s_akd- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd rgnvr _ s_akd rsqtbstqd+ chrok_xr sgd c_s_+ _mc sgdm bqd_sdr _
mdv s_akd vhsg sgd c_s_ _mc chrok_xr hs9
CDRBQHAD bhsx
BNTMS&)(
,,,,,,,,,,
2
BQD SD S AKD mdv^bhsx R
RDKDBS bsx^bncd BHSX^BNCD+ bsx^mZld BHSX^M LD
EQNL bhsx:
Lnchexhmf S_akdr 240
KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms+ xnt b_m d_rhkx _cc _ bnktlm sn sgd s_akd- ?kk bnktlmr _ccdc sn
sgd s_akd trhmf sgd KSDQ S AKD – CC – rs_sdldms _qd _ccdc sn sgd dmc ne sgd s_akd cd,
mhshnm- Gdqd hr sgd rxms_w sn _cc _ mdv bnktlm sn _m dwhrshmf s_akd9
Vgdm _ mdv bnktlm hr _ccdc+ hs hr _kv_xr _s sgd anssnl ne sgd s_akd- Enq sgd dwhrshmf
qnvr+ sgd mdv bnktlm u_ktd vhkk ad MTKK-
Kds&r _cc _ mdv bnktlm+ NQCDQ^ LS+ sn sgd NQCDQR s_akd- Mnshbd sg_s sgd bnktlm hr _ccdc
sn sgd dmc ne sgd s_akd cdmhshnm- Xnt b_mmns hmrdqs _ mdv bnktlm adsvddm nsgdq bnktlmr hm
_ s_akd- He xnt g_ud rtbg _ qdpthqdldms+ sgd s_akd g_r sn ad cqnoodc _mc qd,bqd_sdc-
CDRBQHAD nqcdqr
MZld Mtkk> Sxod
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
NQCDQ^MTLADQ MNS MTKK MTLADQ&7(
RS STR U QBG Q1&0/(
NQCDQ^MTLADQ RS STR
,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
3//3 ODMCHMF
4//4 BNLOKDSDC
SZakd Zksdqdc-
CDRB nqcdqr
MZld Mtkk> Sxod
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
NQCDQ^MTLADQ MNS MTKK MTLADQ&7(
RS STR U QBG Q1&0/(
NQCDQ^ LS MTLADQ &04+1(
sg_s hr mns trdc+ nq xnt b_m l_qj sgd bnktlm _r mns trdc _mc cqno hs k_sdq- Gdqd hr sgd rxms_w
enq cqnoohmf _ bnktlm9
CQNO BNKTLM cqnor sgd bnktlm m_ld rodbhdc eqnl sgd s_akd- Xnt b_m oqnuhcd lnqd
sg_m nmd bnktlm m_ld rdo_q_sdc ax bnll_r hmrhcd o_qdmsgdrdr- Sgd hmcdwdr _mc bnm,
rsq_hmsr nm sgd bnktlm _qd _krn cqnoodc- Xnt ltrs rodbhex B RB CD BNMRSQ HMSR he sgd
cqnoodc bnktlm hr o_qs ne _ ltkshbnktlm bnmrsq_hms: sgd bnmrsq_hms vhkk ad cqnoodc-
Sgd rxms_w enq l_qjhmf _ bnktlm _r tmtrdc hr _r enkknvr9
Adb_trd hs s_jdr _ kns ne qdrntqbdr+ xnt vhkk trt_kkx l_qj _ bnktlm _r tmtrdc hmrsd_c ne
cqnoohmf hs hlldch_sdkx+ drodbh_kkx _s od_j gntqr+ he sgd s_akd hr udqx k_qfd- Hm rtbg b_rdr+ xnt
vntkc l_qj sgd bnktlm _r tmtrdc _mc cqno hs k_sdq- Nmbd sgd bnktlm hr l_qjdc _r tmtrdc+
xnt vhkk mns rdd hs _r o_qs ne sgd s_akd cdmhshnm- Kds&r l_qj sgd TOC SD^CS bnktlm hm sgd
NQCDQR s_akd _r tmtrdc9
SZakd Zksdqdc-
CDRBQHAD nqcdqr
MZld Mtkk> Sxod
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
NQCDQ^MTLADQ MNS MTKK MTLADQ&7(
RS STR U QBG Q1&04(
NQCDQ^C SD C SD
PT MSHSX MTLADQ&0/+2(
Trd sgd BNKTLMR BNMSHMTD bk_trd sn bnmshmtd _ CQNO nodq_shnm sg_s v_r oqduhntrkx
hmsdqqtosdc- Sgd CQNO TMTRDC BNKTLMR bk_trd vhkk cqno _kk sgd bnktlmr sg_s _qd l_qjdc
_r tmtrdc- Xnt b_mmns rdkdbshudkx cqno bnktlm m_ldr _esdq l_qjhmf sgdl _r tmtrdc- Sgd
enkknvhmf dw_lokd bkd_qr c_s_ eqnl sgd TOC SD^CS bnktlm hm sgd NQCDQR s_akd9
SZakd Zksdqdc-
RPK=
Cqnoohmf S_akdr
Vgdm _ookhb_shnm cdrhfmr bg_mfd+ rnld s_akdr b_m adbnld nqog_mdc nq tmtrdc- Xnt b_m
trd sgd CQNO S AKD rs_sdldms sn cqno _m dwhrshmf s_akd- Sgd rxms_w ne sgd CQNO S AKD
rs_sdldms hr _r enkknvr9
Vgdm xnt cqno _ s_akd+ xnt qdlnud sgd c_s_ _mc cdmhshnm ne sgd s_akd- Sgd hmcdwdr+
bnmrsq_hmsr+ sqhffdqr+ _mc oqhuhkdfdr nm sgd s_akd _qd _krn cqnoodc- Nmbd xnt cqno _ s_akd+
xnt b_mmns tmcn sgd _bshnm-
Nq_bkd cndr mns cqno sgd uhdvr+ l_sdqh_khydc uhdvr+ nq nsgdq rsnqdc oqnfq_lr sg_s qdedq,
dmbd sgd s_akd+ ats hs l_qjr sgdl _r hmu_khc- Xnt ltrs rodbhex sgd B RB CD BNMRSQ HMSR
bk_trd he sgdqd _qd qdedqdmsh_k hmsdfqhsx bnmrsq_hmsr qdedqqhmf sn sgd oqhl_qx jdx nq tmhptd
jdx ne sghr s_akd- Gdqd&r gnv sn cqno sgd s_akd SDRS nvmdc ax sgd trdq RBNSS9
? ldsgnc enq dlosxhmf _ s_akd ne _kk qnvr hr sn trd sgd SQTMB SD rs_sdldms- Sghr hr cheedqdms
eqnl cqnoohmf _mc qd,bqd_shmf _ s_akd+ adb_trd SQTMB SD cndr mns hmu_khc_sd cdodmcdms naidbsr
nq cqno hmcdwdr+ sqhffdqr+ nq qdedqdmsh_k hmsdfqhsx bnmrsq_hmsr- Rdd Bg_osdq 5+ 'L_mhotk_shmf
C_s_+– enq lnqd hmenql_shnm _ants trhmf SQTMB SD-
Qdm_lhmf S_akdr
S_akdr _mc nsgdq c_s_a_rd rbgdl_ naidbsr b_m ad qdm_ldc hm Nq_bkd- Sgd QDM LD rs_sdldms
hr trdc sn qdm_ld _ s_akd _mc nsgdq c_s_a_rd naidbsr+ rtbg _r uhdvr+ oqhu_sd rxmnmxlr+ nq
rdptdmbdr- Sgd rxms_w enq sgd QDM LD rs_sdldms hr _r enkknvr9
Gdqd+ nkc^mZld _mc mdv^mZld _qd sgd m_ldr ne _ s_akd+ uhdv+ oqhu_sd rxmnmxl+ nq rdptdmbd-
Vgdm xnt qdm_ld _ s_akd+ Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb_kkx sq_mredqr hmsdfqhsx bnmrsq_hmsr+ hmcdwdr+
_mc fq_msr nm sgd nkc s_akd sn sgd mdv s_akd- Nq_bkd hmu_khc_sdr _kk naidbsr sg_s cdodmc nm
sgd qdm_ldc s_akd+ rtbg _r uhdvr+ rxmnmxlr+ rsnqdc oqnbdctqdr+ _mc etmbshnmr-
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd qdm_ldr sgd NQCDQR s_akd sn OTQBG RD^NQCDQR9
SZakd qdmZldc-
CDRBQHAD otqbgZrd^nqcdqr
Lnchexhmf S_akdr 248
Sn bg_mfd _ qd_c,nmkx s_akd sn qd_c,vqhsd+ trd sgd QD C VQHSD bk_trd ne sgd KSDQ S AKD
rs_sdldms- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd l_jdr sgd OQNCTBSR s_akd vqhs_akd9
SZakd Zksdqdc-
RPK Cdudknodq hr _ fnnc eqhdmc ne cdudknodqr _mc CA?r- RPK Cdudknodq needqr bnlokdsd
dmc,sn,dmc cdudknoldms ne OK.RPK _ookhb_shnmr+ gdkor qtm ptdqhdr _mc rbqhosr+ _bsr _r
_m _clhmhrsq_snq bnmrnkd enq l_m_fhmf sgd c_s_a_rd+ qtmr u_qhntr qdonqsr+ _mc dudm g_r
snnkr sn lhfq_sd _ mnm,Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd sn Nq_bkd- RPK Cdudknodq _krn rtoonqsr _ mtladq
ne RPK)Oktr bnll_mcr- ?kk sgd RPK dw_lokdr xnt rdd hm sghr annj b_m ad odqenqldc
trhmf RPKCdudknodq hm sgd Vnqjrgdds rbqddm-
25 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
Vgdm xnt _qd bqd_shmf nq lnchexhmf _ c_s_a_rd naidbs trhmf RPK Cdudknodq+ dudm sgntfg hs
hr FTH,a_rdc+ xnt b_m tshkhyd sgd noshnm sn rdd sgd CCK adghmc hs- Sghr hr _ fqd_s snnk sg_s b_m
gdko bdqsh“b_shnm b_mchc_sdr kd_qm CCK _mc sgd u_qhntr noshnmr sn bqd_sd _mc _ksdq naidbsr-
Qhfgs,bkhbj nm sgd naidbs sxod nm sgd aqnvrdq+ _mc xnt vhkk ad _akd sn bgnnrd sn bqd_sd _ mdv
naidbs ne sg_s sxod- Enq dw_lokd+ he xnt qhfgs,bkhbj nm S_akdr+ xnt vhkk ad fhudm _ bgnhbd vhsg
Mdv S_akd- He xnt qhfgs,bkhbj nm _m dwhrshmf s_akd+ xnt vhkk rdd u_qhntr noshnmr sn lnchex sgd
s_akd oqnodqshdr _mc bg_q_bsdqhrshbr-
Enq dw_lokd+ sgd enkknvhmf hl_fd rgnvr _ Bqd_sd S_akd ch_knf rbqddm vhsg sgd noshnmr
_u_hk_akd sn bqd_sd _ a_rhb s_akd-
Vgdm xnt bkhbj nm sgd CCK s_a hm sgd r_ld rbqddm+ xnt vhkk rdd sgd bncd adghmc sgd s_akd
bqd_shnm+ _r hm sgd enkknvhmf hl_fd-
L_m_fhmf Bnmrsq_hmsr 250
Lnrs ne sgd naidbs bqd_shnm ch_knfr _krn g_ud _ bgdbj anw enq ?cu_mbdc noshnmr- Hm sgd
Bqd_sd S_akd rbqddm+ bgdbjhmf sgd ?cu_mbdc anw rgnvr u_qhntr noshnmr sn bqd_sd _ s_akd+
_r xnt b_m rdd hm sgd enkknvhmf hl_fd-
Vd dmbntq_fd xnt sn dwoknqd sgd u_qhntr naidbsr _mc sgdhq CCK noshnmr rn sg_s xnt vhkk
adssdq tmcdqrs_mc sgdl-
L_m_fhmf Bnmrsq_hmsr
Bnmrsq_hmsr _qd bqd_sdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd sn dmenqbd atrhmdrr qtkdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd _mc sn rodb,
hex qdk_shnmrghor adsvddm u_qhntr s_akdr- Xnt b_m _krn dmenqbd atrhmdrr qtkdr trhmf c_s_a_rd
sqhffdqr _mc _ookhb_shnm bncd- Hmsdfqhsx bnmrsq_hmsr oqdudms a_c c_s_ eqnl adhmf dmsdqdc hmsn
sgd c_s_a_rd- Nq_bkd rtoonqsr ud sxodr ne hmsdfqhsx bnmrsq_hmsr+ _r rgnvm hm S_akd 6-1-
S? A K D – 6- 1 Hmsdfqhsx Bnmrsq_hmsr
Bnmrsq_hms Cdrbqhoshnm
MNS MTKK Oqdudmsr MTKK u_ktdr eqnl adhmf dmsdqdc hmsn sgd bnktlm- Sgdrd sxodr
ne bnmrsq_hmsr _qd cdehmdc nm _ rhmfkd bnktlm- Ax cde_tks+ Nq_bkd _kknvr
MTKK u_ktdr hm _mx bnktlm-
Sgd dw_lokd oqnuhcdr _ m_ld enq sgd bnmrsq_hms nm sgd NQCDQ^MTL bnktlm- Adb_trd
mn m_ld hr rodbhdc enq sgd bnmrsq_hms nm sgd NQCDQ^C SD bnktlm+ hs vhkk fds _ rxrsdl,
fdmdq_sdc m_ld-
Trd KSDQ S AKD LNCHEX sn _cc nq qdlnud _ MNS MTKK bnmrsq_hms nm sgd bnktlmr ne
_m dwhrshmf s_akd- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokdr qdlnud _ bnmrsq_hms _mc _cc _ bnmrsq_hms sn _m
dwhrshmf s_akd9
Bgdbj Bnmrsq_hmsr
Xnt b_m cdmd _ bgdbj bnmrsq_hms _s sgd bnktlm kdudk nq s_akd kdudk- Enq ansg sgd bnktlm
_mc s_akd kdudkr+ sgd rxms_w hr _r enkknvr9
Sgd bnmchshnm rodbhdc hm sgd BGDBJ bk_trd rgntkc du_kt_sd sn _ Annkd_m qdrtks _mc b_m qdedq
sn u_ktdr hm nsgdq bnktlmr ne sgd r_ld qnv: sgd bnmchshnm b_mmns trd ptdqhdr- Dmuhqnmldms
etmbshnmr ’rtbg _r RXRC SD+ TRDQ+ TRDQDMU+ _mc THC( _mc ordtcnbnktlmr ’rtbg _r QNVMTL+
BTQQU K+ MDWSU K+ _mc KDUDK( b_mmns ad trdc sn du_kt_sd sgd bgdbj bnmchshnm- Nmd bnktlm
b_m g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd bgdbj bnmrsq_hms cdmdc-
Sgd enkknvhmf _qd dw_lokdr ne bgdbj bnmrsq_hmsr cdmdc _s sgd s_akd kdudk9
Sgd bgdbj bnmrsq_hms b_m ad cdmdc _s sgd bnktlm kdudk he sgd bnmrsq_hms qdedqr sn nmkx
sg_s bnktlm-
Xnt b_mmns trd sgd KSDQ S AKD LNCHEX bk_trd sn _cc nq lnchex bgdbj bnmrsq_hmsr ’nmkx
MNS MTKK bnmrsq_hmsr b_m ad lnchdc sghr v_x(- Bnktlm,kdudk bnmrsq_hmsr b_m ad cdmdc
vgdm trhmf sgd BQD SD S AKD rs_sdldms nq vgdm trhmf sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms vhsg sgd
CC bk_trd- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd9
Xnt b_m trd sgd bgdbj bnmrsq_hms sn hlokdldms _ MNS MTKK bnmrsq_hms _krn- Sghr hr
drodbh_kkx trdetk he xnt mddc sn chr_kknv MTKK u_ktdr hm ltkshokd bnktlmr snfdsgdq- Enq
dw_lokd+ sgd enkknvhmf bnmrsq_hms cdmhshnm enq sgd ANMTR s_akd _kknvr _ MTKK u_ktd
253 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
enq sgd ANMTR _mc R K QX bnktlmr he ansg bnktlm u_ktdr _qd MTKK+ nq dkrd ansg bnktlmr
rgntkc g_ud _ u_khc mnm, MTKK u_ktd-
Tmhptd Bnmrsq_hmsr
? tmhptd bnmrsq_hms oqnsdbsr nmd nq lnqd bnktlmr hm _ s_akd+ dmrtqhmf sg_s mn svn qnvr
bnms_hm ctokhb_sd c_s_ hm sgd oqnsdbsdc bnktlmr- Tmhptd bnmrsq_hmsr b_m ad cdmdc _s sgd
bnktlm kdudk enq rhmfkd,bnktlm tmhptd jdxr- Gdqd hr sgd bnktlm,kdudk rxms_w9
Enq _ ltkshokd,bnktlm tmhptd jdx ’_ bnlonrhsd jdx: sgd l_whltl mtladq ne bnktlmr
rodbhdc b_m ad 21(- Sgd bnmrsq_hms rgntkc ad cdmdc _s sgd s_akd kdudk- Gdqd hr sgd s_akd,
kdudk rxms_w9
Nq_bkd bqd_sdr _ tmhptd hmcdw nm sgd tmhptd jdx bnktlmr sn dmenqbd tmhptdmdrr- He _
tmhptd hmcdw nq mnmtmhptd hmcdw _kqd_cx dwhrsr nm sgd s_akd vhsg sgd r_ld bnktlm,nqcdq
oqdw+ Nq_bkd trdr sgd dwhrshmf hmcdw- Sn trd sgd dwhrshmf mnmtmhptd hmcdw enq dmenqbhmf
tmhptdmdrr+ sgdqd ltrs mns ad _mx ctokhb_sd u_ktdr hm sgd tmhptd jdx bnktlmr-
Tmhptd bnmrsq_hmsr _kknv MTKK u_ktdr hm sgd bnmrsq_hms bnktlmr- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd
cdmdr _ tmhptd bnmrsq_hms vhsg svn bnktlmr9
Sgd mdws dw_lokd _ccr _ mdv bnktlm sn sgd DLO s_akd _mc bqd_sdr _ tmhptd jdx _s sgd
bnktlm kdudk9
Nq_bkd bqd_sdr _ tmhptd hmcdw _mc MNS MTKK bnmrsq_hmsr enq d_bg bnktlm hm sgd jdx-
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd cdmdr _ oqhl_qx jdx vgdm bqd_shmf sgd s_akd9
Sn _cc _ oqhl_qx jdx sn _m dwhrshmf s_akd+ trd sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms- Gdqd hr
_m dw_lokd9
Hmcdwdr bqd_sdc sn dmenqbd tmhptd jdxr _mc oqhl_qx jdxr b_m ad l_m_fdc hm sgd r_ld
v_x _r _mx nsgdq hmcdw- Gnvdudq+ sgdrd hmcdwdr b_mmns ad cqnoodc dwokhbhskx trhmf sgd
CQNO HMCDW rs_sdldms-
Ltkshokd,bnktlm enqdhfm jdxr rgntkc ad cdmdc _s sgd s_akd kdudk- Gdqd hr sgd s_akd,
kdudk rxms_w9
Chr_akdc Bnmrsq_hmsr
Vgdm _ bnmrsq_hms hr bqd_sdc+ hs hr dm_akdc _tsnl_shb_kkx- Xnt b_m bqd_sd _ chr_akdc bnmrsq_hms
ax rodbhexhmf sgd CHR AKD jdxvnqc _esdq sgd bnmrsq_hms cdmhshnm- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd9
Cqnoohmf Bnmrsq_hmsr
Cqnoohmf _ bnmrsq_hms cdmdc nm _ s_akd l_x ad mdbdrr_qx he xnt mc nts sg_s atrhmdrr c_s_
cndr mns _kv_xr ldds rsqhbs c_s_ u_khc_shnmr trhmf bnmrsq_hmsr- Hm rtbg hmrs_mbdr+ hs l_x ad
mdbdrr_qx sn cqno _ bnmrsq_hms- Bnmrsq_hmsr _qd cqnoodc trhmf sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms-
?mx bnmrsq_hms b_m ad cqnoodc ax rodbhexhmf sgd bnmrsq_hms m_ld+ _r hm sghr dw_lokd9
Sn cqno sgd MNS MTKK bnmrsq_hms+ trd sgd KSDQ S AKD LNCHEX rs_sdldms+ khjd sghr9
Sn cqno tmhptd jdx bnmrsq_hmsr vhsg qdedqdmbdc enqdhfm jdxr+ rodbhex sgd B RB CD
bk_trd sn cqno sgd enqdhfm jdx bnmrsq_hmsr _mc sgd tmhptd bnmrsq_hms- Rodbhex sgd tmhptd
jdx bnktlm’r(- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd9
Sn cqno oqhl_qx jdx bnmrsq_hmsr vhsg qdedqdmbdc enqdhfm jdx bnmrsq_hmsr+ trd sgd B RB CD
bk_trd sn cqno _kk enqdhfm jdx bnmrsq_hmsr _mc sgdm sgd oqhl_qx jdx- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd9
rodbhexhmf OQHL QX JDX b_m chr_akd sgd s_akd&r oqhl_qx jdx- Xnt b_mmns chr_akd _ oqhl_qx jdx
nq tmhptd jdx he enqdhfm jdxr sg_s _qd dm_akdc qdedqdmbd hs- Sn chr_akd _kk sgd qdedqdmbdc enqdhfm
jdxr _mc sgd oqhl_qx nq tmhptd jdx+ rodbhex B RB CD- Sgd enkknvhmf sgqdd dw_lokdr cdlnm,
rsq_sd chr_akhmf bnmrsq_hmsr9
Trhmf sgd DM AKD bk_trd ne sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms dm_akdr _ bnmrsq_hms- Vgdm xnt
dm_akd _ chr_akdc tmhptd nq oqhl_qx jdx+ Nq_bkd bqd_sdr _m hmcdw he _m hmcdw vhsg sgd tmhptd
nq oqhl_qx jdx bnktlmr cndr mns _kqd_cx dwhrs- Xnt b_m rodbhex rsnq_fd enq sgd tmhptd nq
oqhl_qx jdx vghkd dm_akhmf sgdrd bnmrsq_hmsr+ _r hm sghr dw_lokd9
U_khc_sdc Bnmrsq_hmsr
Xnt g_ud rddm gnv sn dm_akd _mc chr_akd _ bnmrsq_hms- DM AKD _mc CHR AKD _eedbs nmkx
etstqd c_s_ sg_s vhkk ad _ccdc nq lnchdc hm sgd s_akd- Hm bnmsq_rs+ sgd U KHC SD _mc
MNU KHC SD jdxvnqcr hm sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms _bs nm sgd dwhrshmf c_s_- Sgdqdenqd+
_ bnmrsq_hms b_m g_ud entq rs_sdr+ _r rgnvm hm S_akd 6-2-
S? A K D – 6- 2 Bnmrsq_hmsr
Bnmrsq_hms Cdrbqhoshnm
DM AKD U KHC SD Sghr hr sgd cde_tks enq sgd DM AKD bk_trd- Sgd dwhrshmf c_s_ hm sgd
s_akd hr u_khc_sdc sn udqhex sg_s hs bnmenqlr sn sgd bnmrsq_hms-
DM AKD MNU KHC SD Sghr cndr mns u_khc_sd sgd dwhrshmf c_s_ ats dm_akdr sgd bnmrsq_hms
enq etstqd bnmrsq_hms bgdbjhmf-
CHR AKD U KHC SD Sgd bnmrsq_hms hr chr_akdc ’_mx hmcdw trdc sn dmenqbd sgd bnm,
rsq_hms hr _krn cqnoodc(+ ats sgd bnmrsq_hms hr jdos u_khc- Mn CLK
nodq_shnm hr _kknvdc nm sgd s_akd adb_trd etstqd bg_mfdr b_mmns
ad udqhehdc-
CHR AKD MNU KHC SD Sghr hr sgd cde_tks enq sgd CHR AKD bk_trd- Sgd bnmrsq_hms hr chr,
_akdc+ _mc mn bgdbjr _qd cnmd nm etstqd nq dwhrshmf c_s_-
26 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
He xnt sqx sn _cc _ qnv sn sgd NQCDQR s_akd vhsg _ BTRS^HC u_ktd sg_s hr mns _u_hk_akd hm
sgd BTRSNLDQ s_akd+ Nq_bkd qdstqmr _m dqqnq hlldch_sdkx+ dudm sgntfg xnt ok_m sn _cc sgd
BTRSNLDQ qnv rnnm- Rhmbd sgd bnmrsq_hmsr _qd udqhdc enq bnmenql_mbd _r d_bg RPK rs_sdldms
hr dwdbtsdc+ xnt ltrs hmrdqs sgd qnv hm sgd BTRSNLDQ s_akd qrs _mc sgdm _cc hs sn sgd NQCDQR
s_akd- Adb_trd sgd bnmrsq_hmsr _qd cdmdc _r CDEDQQ AKD+ xnt b_m bg_mfd sghr adg_uhnq ax
trhmf sghr bnll_mc9
Mnv xnt b_m hmrdqs qnvr sn sgdrd s_akdr hm _mx nqcdq- Nq_bkd bgdbjr sgd bnmrsq_hms
bnmenql_mbd nmkx _s bnllhs shld-
He xnt v_ms cdedqqdc bnmrsq_hms bgdbjhmf _r sgd cde_tks+ bqd_sd nq lnchex sgd bnmrsq_hms
ax trhmf HMHSH KKX CDEDQQDC+ _r hm sghr dw_lokd9
Gdqd%r _ rbdm_qhn xnt l_x “mc xntqrdke hm nmd c_x- Xnt g_ud addm oqnuhcdc sgd enkknvhmf
hmenql_shnm sn bqd_sd s_akdr _mc bnmrsq_hmsr enq _m _ookhb_shnm cdudknodc hm xntq bnl,
o_mx sn l_hms_hm fdnfq_oghb hmenql_shnm9
Sgd BNTMSQX s_akd rsnqdr sgd bntmsqx m_ld _mc bntmsqx bncd- Sgd bntmsqx bncd
tmhptdkx hcdmsh“dr d_bg bntmsqx- Sgd bntmsqx m_ld ltrs ad oqdrdms-
Sgd RS SD s_akd rsnqdr sgd rs_sd bncd+ m_ld+ _mc hsr b_ohs_k- Sgd bntmsqx bncd hm sghr
s_akd qdedqr sn _ u_khc dmsqx hm sgd BNTMSQX s_akd- Sgd rs_sd m_ld ltrs ad oqdrdms-
Sgd rs_sd bncd _mc bntmsqx bncd snfdsgdq tmhptdkx hcdmshex d_bg rs_sd-
Sgd BHSX s_akd rsnqdr sgd bhsx bncd+ m_ld+ _mc onotk_shnm- Sgd bhsx bncd tmhptdkx
hcdmsh“dr d_bg bhsx- Sgd rs_sd _mc bntmsqx vgdqd sgd bhsx adknmfr _qd _krn rsnqdc hm
sgd s_akd+ vghbg qdedqr sn sgd RS SD s_akd- Sgd bhsx m_ld ltrs ad oqdrdms-
D_bg s_akd rgntkc g_ud _ bnktlm hcdmshexhmf sgd bqd_sdc,nm shldrs_lo+ vhsg sgd rxr,
sdl c_sd _r sgd cde_tks-
L_m_fhmf Bnmrsq_hmsr 260
Sgd trdq rgntkc mns ad _akd sn cdkdsd eqnl sgd BNTMSQX s_akd he sgdqd _qd qdbnqcr hm
sgd RS SD s_akd enq sg_s bntmsqx-
Sgd qdbnqcr hm sgd BHSX s_akd rgntkc ad _tsnl_shb_kkx qdlnudc vgdm sgdhq bnqqdronmc,
hmf rs_sd hr qdlnudc eqnl sgd RS SD s_akd-
?kk enqdhfm _mc oqhl_qx jdx bnmrsq_hmsr rgntkc ad oqnuhcdc vhsg ld_mhmfetk m_ldr-
Nnor BNCD _mc M LD _qd mns udqx cdrbqhoshud bnktlm m_ldr+ _mc xnt _krn g_ud nsgdq
bnktlmr hm s_akdr sn rsnqd bncdr _mc m_ldr- Kds%r qdm_ld sgd bnktlmr sn BNTMSQX^BNCD
_mc BNTMSQX^M LD9
RPK=
Xnt _krn enqfns sn oqnuhcd _ m_ld enq sgd oqhl_qx jdx bnmrsq_hms- Adb_trd sgd s_akd v_r
bqd_sdc vhsg _ rxrsdl,fdmdq_sdc m_ld+ xnt g_ud sn “mc sgd m_ld “qrs sn qdm_ld sgd
bnmrsq_hms9
BNMRSQ HMS^M LD B
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,
RXR^B//0/782 O
RPK=
261 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
Nnor+ _f_hm Sgd s_akd rgntkc hmbktcd _ bnktlm sn rsnqd sgd bqd_sdc,nm c_sd+ _mc sgd
bntmsqx m_ld b_mmns ad MTKK-
Adenqd xnt bnmshmtd+ qd_khyd sg_s he xnt g_ud _ fnnc knfhb_k _mc ogxrhb_k cdrhfm adenqd
xnt rs_qs bqd_shmf s_akdr+ xnt vhkk mns g_ud _mx ne sgdrd oqnakdlr- Sghr hr mns sgd sxohb_k
nq qdbnlldmcdc _ooqn_bg sn bqd_shmf s_akdr enq sgd _ookhb_shnm- Sgd naidbshud gdqd hr sn
cdlnmrsq_sd sgd u_qhntr noshnmr _u_hk_akd-
Kds%r bqd_sd sgd RS SD s_akd- Mnshbd sg_s ltkshokd bnktlm bnmrsq_hmsr b_m ad cd“mdc nmkx
_s sgd s_akd kdudk-
Adb_trd xnt chc mns oqnuhcd _ m_ld enq sgd BNTMSQX^BNCD enqdhfm jdx+ Nq_bkd _rrhfmr _
m_ld- Sn qdm_ld sghr bnmrsq_hms sn oqnuhcd _ ld_mhmfetk m_ld+ xnt b_m trd sgd KSDQ
S AKD rs_sdldms _r xnt chc adenqd- Sn cdlnmrsq_sd cqnoohmf _ bnmrsq_hms _mc qd,bqd_shmf
hs trhmf KSDQ S AKD+ kds%r cqno sghr bnmrsq_hms _mc sgdm _cc hs- Rn+ “mc sgd bnmrsq_hms
m_ld eqnl sgd TRDQ^BNMRSQ HMSR uhdv sn cqno _mc qd,bqd_sd hs9
BNMRSQ HMS^M LD B
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,
RXR^B//1700 B
OJ^RS SD O
RXR^B//1702 Q
Mnv xnt%kk bqd_sd sgd BHSX s_akd- Mnshbd sgd enqdhfm jdx bnmrsq_hms hr bqd_sdc vhsg sgd NM
CDKDSD B RB CD bk_trd9
Rtll_qx
S_akdr _qd sgd a_rhb rsqtbstqd ne c_s_ rsnq_fd- ? s_akd bnloqhrdr bnktlmr _mc qnvr+ _r
hm _ roqd_crgdds- D_bg bnktlm g_r _ bg_q_bsdqhrshb sg_s qdrsqhbsr _mc udqhdr sgd c_s_ hs
rsnqdr- Xnt b_m trd rdudq_k c_s_sxodr sn cdmd bnktlmr- BG?Q+ MBG?Q+ U?QBG?Q1+
BKNA+ _mc MBKNA _qd sgd bg_q_bsdq c_s_sxodr- AKNA+ AEHKD+ _mc Q?V _qd sgd ahm_qx
c_s_sxodr- C?SD+ SHLDRS?LO+ _mc HMSDQU?K _qd sgd c_sd c_s_sxodr- SHLDRS?LO
c_s_sxodr b_m rsnqd sgd shld,ynmd hmenql_shnm _krn- MTLADQ+ AHM?QX^EKN?S+ _mc
AHM?QX^CNTAKD _qd sgd mtldqhb c_s_sxodr-
263 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
Xnt trd sgd BQD SD S AKD rs_sdldms sn bqd_sd _ mdv s_akd- ? s_akd rgntkc g_ud _s kd_rs
nmd bnktlm+ _mc _ c_s_sxod rgntkc ad _rrhfmdc sn sgd bnktlm- Sgd s_akd m_ld _mc bnktlm
m_ld rgntkc adfhm vhsg _ kdssdq _mc b_m bnms_hm kdssdqr+ mtladqr+ nq rodbh_k bg_q_bsdqr- Xnt
b_m bqd_sd _ mdv s_akd eqnl _m dwhrshmf s_akd trhmf sgd BQD SD S AKD – R RDKDBS– ’BS?R(
rs_sdldms- Xnt b_m _cc+ lnchex+ nq cqno bnktlmr eqnl _m dwhrshmf s_akd trhmf sgd KSDQ
S AKD rs_sdldms-
Bnmrsq_hmsr _qd bqd_sdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd sn dmenqbd atrhmdrr qtkdr _mc sn rodbhex
qdk_shnmrghor adsvddm u_qhntr s_akdr- MNS MTKK bnmrsq_hmsr b_m ad cdmdc nmkx vhsg _
bnktlm cdmhshnm _mc _qd trdc sn oqdudms MTKK u_ktdr ’_m _ardmbd ne c_s_(- Bgdbj bnm,
rsq_hmsr _qd trdc sn udqhex vgdsgdq sgd c_s_ bnmenqlr sn bdqs_hm bnmchshnmr- Oqhl_qx jdx
bnmrsq_hmsr tmhptdkx hcdmshex _ qnv hm sgd s_akd- Sgdqd b_m ad nmkx nmd oqhl_qx jdx enq
_ s_akd+ _mc sgd bnktlmr hm sgd oqhl_qx jdx b_mmns g_ud MTKK u_ktdr- ? tmhptd jdx hr
rhlhk_q sn _ oqhl_qx jdx+ ats xnt b_m g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd tmhptd jdx hm _ s_akd+ _r vdkk
_r MTKK u_ktdr hm sgd tmhptd jdx bnktlmr-
Xnt b_m dm_akd _mc chr_akd bnmrsq_hmsr trhmf sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms- Sgd bnmrsq_hms
b_m ad hm entq cheedqdms rs_sdr- DM AKD U KHC SD hr sgd cde_tks rs_sd-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Tmcdqrs_mc c_s_sxodr- Jmnv d_bg c_s_sxod&r khlhs_shnmr _mc _bbdosdc u_ktdr- Bnmbdmsq_sd
nm sgd mdv SHLDRS?LO _mc HMSDQU?K c_s_sxodr-
Jmnv gnv c_sd _qhsgldshb vnqjr- Jmnv sgd qdrtkshmf c_s_sxod ne c_sd _qhsgldshb+ drodbh_kkx
adsvddm HMSDQU?K _mc C?SD c_s_sxodr-
Jmnv gnv sn lnchex bnktlm bg_q_bsdqhrshbr- Tmcdqrs_mc gnv sn bg_mfd c_s_sxodr+ _cc
_mc lnchex bnmrsq_hmsr+ _mc l_jd nsgdq lnchb_shnmr-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd qtkdr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg bg_mfhmf sgd c_s_sxod cdehmhshnmr ne bnktlmr vhsg
qnvr hm _ s_akd- Vgdm sgd s_akd hr mns dlosx+ xnt b_m bg_mfd _ c_s_sxod nmkx eqnl BG?Q
sn U?QBG?Q1+ _mc uhbd udqr_- Qdctbhmf sgd kdmfsg hr _kknvdc nmkx he sgd dwhrshmf c_s_ sr
hm sgd mdv kdmfsg rodbhdc-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd CDE TKS bk_trd nm sgd bnktlm cdehmhshnm- Sgd CDE TKS bk_trd oqnuhcdr _
u_ktd enq sgd bnktlm he sgd HMRDQS rs_sdldms nlhsr _ u_ktd enq sgd bnktlm- Vgdm lnchexhmf _
bnktlm sn g_ud cde_tks u_ktdr+ sgd dwhrshmf qnvr vhsg MTKK u_ktdr hm sgd s_akd _qd mns toc_sdc
vhsg sgd cde_tks u_ktd-
Jmnv sgd _bshnmr odqlhssdc nm qd_c,nmkx s_akdr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd u_qhntr _bshnmr sg_s
_qd odqlhssdc nm _ qd_c,nmkx s_akd- ?mx nodq_shnm sg_s bg_mfdr sgd c_s_ hm sgd s_akd hr mns
_kknvdc nm _ qd_c,nmkx s_akd- Lnrs CCK rs_sdldmsr _qd _kknvdc+ hmbktchmf CQNO S AKD-
Tmcdqrs_mc bnmrsq_hmsr- Jmnv sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm _ oqhl_qx jdx _mc _ tmhptd jdx
bnmrsq_hms+ _mc tmcdqrs_mc gnv sn trd _ mnmtmhptd hmcdw enq oqhl_qx.tmhptd jdxr-
Jmnv gnv _ bnmrsq_hms b_m ad cdehmdc- Xnt b_m trd sgd BQD SD S AKD nq KSDQ S AKD
rs_sdldms sn cdmd _ bnmrsq_hms nm sgd s_akd-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 264
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Sgd RS SD s_akd g_r sgd enkknvhmf bnmrsq_hmsr ’sgd bnmrsq_hms rs_str hr rgnvm hm
o_qdmsgdrdr(9
?- 0
A- 1
B- 2
C- 3
265 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
2- Vghbg rs_sdldms rtbbdrretkkx _ccr _ mdv bnktlm+ NQCDQ^C SD+ sn sgd s_akd NQCDQR>
?- KSDQ S AKD NQCDQR CC BNKTLM NQCDQ^C SD C SD:
A- KSDQ S AKD NQCDQR CC NQCDQ^C SD &C SD(:
B- KSDQ S AKD NQCDQR CC NQCDQ^C SD C SD:
C- KSDQ S AKD NQCDQR MDV BNKTLM NQCDQ^C SD SXOD C SD:
3- Vg_s rodbh_k bg_q_bsdqr _qd _kknvdc hm _ s_akd m_ld> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- %
A- "
B- ?
C- #
5- Vghbg chbshnm_qx uhdv vntkc xnt ptdqx sn khrs nmkx sgd s_akdr xnt nvm>
?- KK^S AKDR
A- CA ^S AKDR
B- TRDQ^S AKDR
C- TRQ^S AKDR
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 266
6- Sgd RS SD s_akd g_r rhw qnvr- Xnt hrrtd sgd enkknvhmf bnll_mc9
DLOMN GHQDC SD
,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
0/10 01,CDB,//
23// 13,I M,/0
1287 2/,ITM,/0
?- 3,EDA,/0
A- 14,I M,/0
B- M,/1
C- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
8- Vg_s hr sgd cde_tks kdmfsg ne _ BG Q bnktlm he mn kdmfsg hr rodbhehdc hm sgd s_akd cdehmhshnm>
?- 145
A- 0+///
B- 53
C- 0
D- Xnt ltrs _kv_xr rodbhex _ kdmfsg enq BG Q bnktlmr-
0/- Vghbg rs_sdldms vhkk qdlnud sgd bnktlm TOC SD^CS eqnl sgd s_akd RS SD>
?- KSDQ S AKD RS SD CQNO BNKTLM TOC SD^CS:
A- KSDQ S AKD RS SD QDLNUD BNKTLM TOC SD^CS:
B- CQNO BNKTLM TOC SD^CS EQNL RS SD:
C- KSDQ S AKD RS SD RDS TMTRDC BNKTLM TOC SD^CS:
D- Xnt b_mmns cqno _ bnktlm eqnl sgd s_akd-
267 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
00- Vghbg _bshnmr _qd _kknvdc nm _ s_akd sg_s hr l_qjdc _r qd_c,nmkx> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- Sqtmb_shmf _ s_akd
A- Hmrdqshmf mdv c_s_
B- Cqnoohmf _ bnmrsq_hms
C- Cqnoohmf _m hmcdw
D- Cqnoohmf _ s_akd
01- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr vhkk bqd_sd _ oqhl_qx jdx enq sgd BHSX s_akd vhsg sgd
bnktlmr RS SD^BC _mc BHSX^BC>
?- BQD SD OQHL QX JDX NM BHSX &RS SD^BC+ BHSX^BC(:
A- BQD SD BNMRSQ HMS OJ^BHSX OQHL QX JDX NM BHSX &RS SD^BC+ BHSX^BC(:
B- KSDQ S AKD BHSX CC BNMRSQ HMS OJ^BHSX OQHL QX JDX &RS SD^BC+ BHSX^BC(:
C- KSDQ S AKD BHSX CC OQHL QX JDX &RS SD^BC+ BHSX^BC(:
D- KSDQ S AKD BHSX CC OQHL QX JDX BNMRSQ HMS OJ^BHSX NM &RS SD^BC+
BHSX^BC(:
02- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf bgdbj bnmrsq_hmsr vhkk q_hrd _m dqqnq> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- BNMRSQ HMS bj^fdmcdq BGDBJ &fdmcdq HM &£L£+ £E£((
A- BNMRSQ HMS bj^nkc^nqcdq BGDBJ &nqcdq^cZsd = &RXRC SD ,2/((
B- BNMRSQ HMS bj^udmcnq BGDBJ &udmcnq^hc HM &RDKDBS udmcnq^hc EQNL
udmcnqr((
C- BNMRSQ HMS bj^oqnehs BGDBJ &fqnrr^Zls = mds^Zls(
03- Bnmrhcdq sgd c_s_sxodr C?SD+ SHLDRS?LO ’SR(+ SHLDRS?LO VHSG KNB?K
SHLD YNMD ’SRKSY(+ HMSDQU?K XD?Q SN LNMSG ’HX1L(+ _mc HMSDQU?K
C?X SN RDBNMC ’HC1R(- Vghbg nodq_shnmr _qd mns _kknvdc ax Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b>
’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- C?SD*C?SD
A- SRKSY“C?SD
B- SRKSY*HX1L
C- SR)4
D- HC1R.1
E- HX1L*HX1L
F- HC1R*HX1L
G- C?SD“HX1L
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 268
04- ? bnmrsq_hms hr bqd_sdc vhsg sgd CDEDQQ AKD HMHSH KKX HLLDCH SD bk_trd- Vg_s cndr
sghr ld_m>
?- Bnmrsq_hms bgdbjhmf hr cnmd nmkx _s bnllhs shld-
A- Bnmrsq_hms bgdbjhmf hr cnmd _esdq d_bg RPK rs_sdldms hr dwdbtsdc+ ats xnt b_m
bg_mfd sghr adg_uhnq ax rodbhexhmf RDS BNMRSQ HMSR KK CDEDQQDC-
B- Dwhrshmf qnvr hm sgd s_akd _qd hlldch_sdkx bgdbjdc enq bnmrsq_hms uhnk_shnm-
C- Sgd bnmrsq_hms hr hlldch_sdkx bgdbjdc hm _ CLK nodq_shnm+ ats rtardptdms
bnmrsq_hms udqhehb_shnm hr cnmd _s bnllhs shld-
05- Vg_s hr sgd cde_tks oqdbhrhnm enq eq_bshnm_k rdbnmcr hm _ SHLDRS?LO c_s_sxod bnktlm>
?- /
A- 1
B- 5
C- 8
06- Vghbg c_s_sxod rgnvr sgd shld,ynmd hmenql_shnm _knmf vhsg sgd c_sd u_ktd>
?- SHLDRS?LO
A- SHLDRS?LO VHSG KNB?K SHLD YNMD
B- SHLDRS?LO VHSG SHLD YNMD
C- C?SD
D- Ansg noshnmr A _mc B
07- Xnt g_ud _ k_qfd ina sg_s vhkk kn_c l_mx sgntr_mcr ne qnvr hmsn xntq NQCDQR s_akd-
Sn roddc to sgd kn_chmf oqnbdrr+ xnt v_ms sn sdlonq_qhkx rsno dmenqbhmf sgd enqdhfm jdx
bnmrsq_hms EJ^NQCDQR- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr vhkk r_shrex xntq qdpthqdldms>
?- KSDQ BNMRSQ HMS EJ^NQCDQR CHR AKD:
A- KSDQ S AKD NQCDQR CHR AKD ENQDHFM JDX EJ^NQCDQR:
B- KSDQ S AKD NQCDQR CHR AKD BNMRSQ HMS EJ^NQCDQR:
C- KSDQ S AKD NQCDQR CHR AKD KK BNMRSQ HMSR:
27 Bg_osdq 6 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr
08- Xnt _qd bnmmdbsdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd _r trdq INGM- Xnt mddc sn qdm_ld _ s_akd m_ldc
MNQCDQR sn MDV^NQCDQR+ nvmdc ax RLHSG- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf svn rs_sdldmsr9
0- QDM LD RLHSG-MNQCDQR SN MDV^NQCDQR:
1- KSDQ S AKD RLHSG-MNQCDQR QDM LD SN MDV^NQCDQR:
7
CZsZaZrd 01)
Bnlonmdmsr Zmc
?qbghsdbstqd
Qdk_shnm_k C_s_a_rdr
Sgd bnmbdos ne _ qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rd l_m_fdldms rxrsdl ’QCALR( hr sg_s sgd c_s_ bnmrhrsr
ne _ rds ne qdk_shnm_k naidbsr- Sgd a_rhb rsnq_fd ne c_s_ hm _ c_s_a_rd hr _ s_akd- Sgd qdk_shnmr
_qd hlokdldmsdc hm s_akdr+ vgdqd c_s_ hr rsnqdc hm qnvr _mc bnktlmr- Ehftqd 7-0 rgnvr rtbg
_ qdk_shnmrgho-
Sgd CDOS s_akd hm sgd knvdq o_qs ne sgd ftqd rsnqdr hmenql_shnm _ants cdo_qsldmsr hm sgd
bnlo_mx- D_bg cdo_qsldms hr hcdmshdc ax sgd cdo_qsldms HC- ?knmf vhsg sgd HC+ sgd m_ld
_mc knb_shnm ne sgd cdo_qsldms _qd _krn rsnqdc hm sgd s_akd- Sgd DLO s_akd rsnqdr hmenql_shnm
_ants sgd dloknxddr hm sgd bnlo_mx- D_bg dloknxdd hr hcdmshdc ax _ tmhptd dloknxdd HC-
Sghr s_akd hmbktcdr dloknxdd hmenql_shnm rtbg _r ghqd c_sd+ r_k_qx+ l_m_fdq+ _mc rn nm- Sgd
CDOSMN bnktlm hm ansg s_akdr oqnuhcdr _ qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm sgd s_akdr- ? cdo_qsldms l_x
g_ud l_mx dloknxddr+ ats _m dloknxdd b_m vnqj enq nmkx nmd cdo_qsldms-
Adb_trd sgd trdq _bbdrrhmf sghr c_s_ cndrm&s mddc sn jmnv gnv nq vgdqd sgd qnv hr rsnqdc hm
sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgdqd ltrs ad _ v_x sn tmhptdkx hcdmshex sgd qnvr hm sgd s_akdr- Hm ntq dw_lokd+
sgd cdo_qsldms hr tmhptdkx hcdmshdc ax cdo_qsldms mtladq+ _mc _m dloknxdd hr hcdmshdc ax
_m dloknxdd HC- Sgd bnktlm ’nq rds ne bnktlmr( sg_s tmhptdkx hcdmshdr _ qnv hr jmnvm _r sgd
oqhl_qx jdx- ?bbnqchmf sn qdk_shnm_k sgdnqx+ d_bg s_akd hm _ qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rd ltrs g_ud _
oqhl_qx jdx-
275 Bg_osdq 7 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd
E H F T Q D – 7 -0 Qdk_shnm_k s_akdr
Oqhl_qx Jdx
Bnktlm
Vgdm qdk_shmf s_akdr snfdsgdq+ sgd oqhl_qx jdx ne nmd s_akd hr ok_bdc hm _mnsgdq s_akd- Enq
dw_lokd+ sgd oqhl_qx jdx ne sgd CDOS s_akd hr _ bnktlm hm sgd DLO s_akd- Hm QCALR sdqlhmnk,
nfx+ sghr hr jmnvm _r _ enqdhfm jdx- ? enqdhfm jdx rs_sdr sg_s sgd c_s_ u_ktd hm sgd bnktlm
dwhrsr hm _mnsgdq s_akd _mc rgntkc bnmshmtd sn dwhrs hm sgd nsgdq s_akd sn jddo sgd qdk_shnmrgho
adsvddm s_akdr- Sgd s_akd vgdqd sgd bnktlm hr _ oqhl_qx jdx hr jmnvm _r sgd o_qdms s_akd+
_mc sgd s_akd vgdqd sgd enqdhfm jdx bnktlm dwhrsr hr jmnvm _r sgd bghkc s_akd- Nq_bkd dmenqbdr
sgd o_qdms,bghkc qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm s_akdr trhmf bnmrsq_hmsr-
Hmcdw,nqf_mhydc s_akd ?m hmcdw,nqf_mhydc s_akd rsnqdr sgd s_akd c_s_ _knmf vhsg
sgd hmcdw+ hmrsd_c ne rsnqhmf s_akd _mc hmcdw rdo_q_sdkx-
Rsnqdc etmbshnm Rsnqdc etmbshnmr _qd OK.RPK oqnfq_lr sg_s b_m ad trdc
sn bqd_sd trdq,cdehmdc etmbshnmr sn qdstqm _ u_ktd-
Xnt trd RPK sn bqd_sd c_s_a_rd naidbsr _mc sn hmsdq_bs vhsg _ookhb_shnm c_s_- Hm sgd mdws
rdbshnm+ vd vhkk chrbtrr sgd snnkr _u_hk_akd sn _bbdrr _mc _clhmhrsdq Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
RPK)Oktr
RPK)Oktr hr sgd oqhl_qx snnk enq _m Nq_bkd CA? sn _clhmhrsdq sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf RPK
bnll_mcr- Adenqd xnt b_m qtm RPK rs_sdldmsr+ xnt ltrs bnmmdbs sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
Xnt b_m rs_qs RPK)Oktr eqnl _ Vhmcnvr bnll_mc oqnlos trhmf sgd RPKOKTR-DWD dwdbts,
_akd nq trhmf sgd #NQ BKD^GNLD.ahm.rpkoktr dwdbts_akd nm sgd Tmhw.Khmtw ok_senql-
Ehftqd 7-1 rgnvr bnmmdbshmf sn RPK)Oktr eqnl _ Khmtw vnqjrs_shnm-
D_bg Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd bnmrhrsr ne rdudq_k rbgdl_r sg_s qdrhcd hm s_akdro_bdr- S_akdro_bd
hr _ knfhb_k rsnq_fd rsqtbstqd _s sgd ghfgdrs kdudk hm sgd c_s_a_rd- D_bg s_akdro_bd bnmrhrsr
ne nmd nq lnqd c_s_ kdr- Sgd c_s_a_rd g_r trdq c_s_ _mc nudqgd_c+ rtbg _r c_s_a_rd
chbshnm_qx+ ldlnqx+ bnmsqnk kdr+ _qbghudc knf kdr+ _rga_bj kdr+ dsb- Cn mns vnqqx
he xnt cn mns tmcdqrs_mc sgdrd bnlonmdmsr xds: xnt vhkk fds sn jmnv sgdl hm sgd mdws
edv bg_osdqr-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b bnldr vhsg _ l_inq _qbghsdbstq_k bg_mfd bnlo_qdc sn hsr oqdcdbdr,
rnqr- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _kknvr ltkshsdm_mbx+ ld_mhmf+ xnt b_m g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd c_s_,
a_rd hm _ rsqtbstqd b_kkdc _ bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd- Sgd c_s_a_rd nudqgd_c vhkk ad rg_qdc ax _kk
sgd c_s_a_rdr hm sgd bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd- Sgd c_s_a_rdr hm sgd bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd _qd b_kkdc
oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr- ?clhmhrsq_shnm _mc qdrntqbd nudqgd_c _qd qdctbdc ax fnhmf vhsg sghr
_qbghsdbstqd- Ehftqd 7-5 rgnvr c_s_a_rd ltkshsdm_mbx-
Bnms_hmdq C_s_a_rd
Ldlnqx
Hmrs_mbd
BCA Knfhb_k
Qnns NA#QNNS
Knfhb_k
BCA Ogxrhb_k
Ogxrhb_k
C_s_ Bnmsqnk Qdcn Knf
Ehkdr Ehkd Ehkdr
VgZs Hr Z RbgdlZ:
Vgdm vnqjhmf vhsg Nq_bkd+ xnt vhkk nesdm gd_q sgd vnqcr rbgdlW _mc trdp trdc hmsdq,
bg_mfd_akx- Hr sgdqd _ cheedqdmbd adsvddm sgd svn> Xdr _mc mn- ? trdq hr _ cd“mdc c_s_a_rd
dmshsx sg_s g_r _ rds ne _ahkhshdr sn odqenql _bshuhshdr a_rdc nm sgdhq fq_msdc qhfgsr- ? rbgdl_+
vghbg hr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg _ trdq dmshsx+ hr lnqd _ooqnoqh_sdkx cd“mdc _r _ bnkkdbshnm ne c_s_,
a_rd naidbsr- Rnld dw_lokdr ne c_s_a_rd naidbsr _qd s_akdr+ hmcdwdr+ _mc uhdvr-
? rbgdl_ b_m ad qdk_sdc sn _ qd_k odqrnm+ rtbg _r _ trdq ne xntq RZkdr c_s_a_rd vgn l_x
g_ud _ trdq HC _mc o_rrvnqc sgdx trd sn _bbdrr sgd c_s_a_rd- Sghr trdq l_x nq l_x mns
nvm _mx rbgdl_ naidbsr-
Hm sghr v_x+ sgd rbgdl_ adbnldr _ knfhb_k bnkkdbshnm ne naidbsr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg _m _ookhb_,
shnm _mc hr mns shdc sn _mx rodbh“b trdq- Sghr _ahkhsx l_jdr hs d_rx sn knfhb_kkx fqnto bnllnm
naidbsr sg_s _qd qdk_sdc sn rodbh“b _ookhb_shnmr nq s_rjr trhmf _ bnllnm rbgdl_ m_ld-
Sgd l_hm cheedqdmbd hr sg_s trdqr _qd sgd dmshshdr sg_s odqenql vnqj+ _mc rbgdl_r _qd sgd
bnkkdbshnmr ne naidbsr nm vghbg trdqr odqenql vnqj-
OF? ldlnqx hr mns rg_qdc- D_bg rdqudq oqnbdrr g_r _ OF? _rrnbh_sdc vhsg hs _mc hr
dwbktrhud- ?r _ CA?+ xnt rds sgd sns_k ldlnqx sg_s b_m ad _kknb_sdc sn _kk sgd OF? ldlnqx
_kknb_sdc sn _kk rdqudq _mc a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr- Sgd bnlonmdmsr ne OF? _qd
RPK Vnqj :qd_ ?qd_ trdc enq ldlnqx,hmsdmrhud nodq_shnmr rtbg _r rnqshmf nq athkchmf _
g_rg s_akd ctqhmf inhm nodq_shnmr-
Oqhu_sd RPK :qd_ Gnkcr hmenql_shnm _ants RPK rs_sdldms _mc ahmc u_qh_akd u_ktdr-
Sgd OF? b_m ad bnmftqdc sn l_m_fd _tsnl_shb_kkx ax rdsshmf sgd c_s_a_rd o_q_ldsdq
OF ^ FFQDF SD^S QFDS- Nq_bkd sgdm bnms_hmr sgd sns_k _lntms ne OF? ldlnqx _kknb_sdc
_bqnrr _kk c_s_a_rd rdqudq oqnbdrrdr _mc a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr vhsghm sghr s_qfds-
Sgd rdqudq oqnbdrr bnlltmhb_sdr vhsg sgd Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd nm adg_ke ne sgd trdq- Sgd
Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd hr dw_lhmdc hm sgd mdws rdbshnm-
Rg_qdc onnk B_bgdr sgd lnrs qdbdmskx trdc RPK rs_sdldmsr sg_s g_ud addm
hrrtdc ax c_s_a_rd trdqr
C_s_a_rd ateedq b_bgd B_bgdr sgd c_s_ sg_s g_r addm lnrs qdbdmskx _bbdrrdc ax c_s_,
a_rd trdqr
RF>
Qdcn Ateedq
Qdrdqudc Onnk
K_qfd Onnk
Khaq_qx B_bgd
Bnmsqnk Rsqtbstqdr
Ehwdc RF@
Nsgdqr---
A_bifqntmc Oqnbdrrdr
S_akd 7-2 cdrbqhadr sgd noshnm_k RF? bnlonmdmsr qdpthqdc+ a_rdc nm sgd c_s_a_rd bnm,
ftq_shnm _mc trd-
287 Bg_osdq 7 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd
I_u_ onnk B_bgdr sgd lnrs qdbdmskx trdc I_u_ naidbsr _mc _ookhb_shnm bncd
vgdm Nq_bkd%r IUL noshnm hr trdc-
K_qfd onnk B_bgdr c_s_ enq k_qfd nodq_shnmr rtbg _r Qdbnudqx L_m_fdq ’QL?M(
a_bjto _mc qdrsnqd _bshuhshdr _mc Rg_qdc Rdqudq bnlonmdmsr-
Rsqd_lr onnk B_bgdr sgd c_s_ _rrnbh_sdc vhsg ptdtdc ldrr_fd qdptdrsr vgdm
Nq_bkd%r ?cu_mbdc Ptdthmf noshnm hr trdc-
Qdrtks b_bgd Sghr mdv _qd_ hr hmsqnctbdc hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _mc rsnqdr qdrtksr
ne RPK ptdqhdr _mc OK.RPK etmbshnmr enq adssdq odqenql_mbd-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b b_m l_m_fd sgd bnlonmdmsr ne RF? _mc OF? _tsnl_shb_kkx trhmf
sgd ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms ’?LL( ed_stqd- Ldlnqx hm sgd RF? hr _kknb_sdc hm
tmhsr ne bnmshftntr ldlnqx b_kkdc fq_mtkdr- Sgd rhyd ne _ fq_mtkd cdodmcr nm sgd o_q_ldsdq
LDLNQX^L W^S QFDS- He LDLNQX^L W^S QFDS hr k_qfdq sg_m 0+/13LA+ sgd fq_mtkd rhyd hr dhsgdq
05LA nq 3LA- LDLNQX^L W^S QFDS hr chrbtrrdc hm cds_hk hm Bg_osdq 03+ 'L_hms_hmhmf sgd
C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd-– ? lhmhltl ne sgqdd fq_mtkdr ltrs ad _kknb_sdc sn
RF?…nmd d_bg enq sgd qdpthqdc bnlonmdmsr hm S_akd 7-1-
Sgd rhydr ne sgdrd RF? bnlonmdmsr b_m ad l_m_fdc hm svn v_xr9 l_mt_kkx nq _tsn,
l_shb_kkx- He xnt bgnnrd sn l_m_fd sgdrd bnlonmdmsr l_mt_kkx+ xnt ltrs rodbhex sgd rhyd
ne d_bg RF? bnlonmdms _mc sgdm hmbqd_rd nq cdbqd_rd sgd rhyd ne d_bg bnlonmdms _bbnqc,
hmf sn sgd mddcr ne sgd _ookhb_shnm- He sgdrd bnlonmdmsr _qd l_m_fdc _tsnl_shb_kkx+ sgd
hmrs_mbd hsrdke vhkk lnmhsnq sgd tshkhy_shnm ne d_bg RF? bnlonmdms _mc _citrs sgdhq rhydr
_bbnqchmfkx+ qdk_shud sn _ oqdcdmdc l_whltl _kknv_akd _ffqdf_sd RF? rhyd-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b oqnuhcdr rdudq_k cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdvr sn rdd sgd bnlonmdmsr
_mc rhydr ne RF?: xnt b_m trd U#RF _mc U#RF HMEN+ _r rgnvm gdqd9
M LD U KTD BNM^HC
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
Ehwdc Rhyd 118/257 /
UZqhZakd Rhyd 51/65/273 /
CZsZaZrd Ateedqr 0583387705 /
Qdcn Ateedqr 1/651513 /
?ksdqm_shudkx+ xnt l_x trd sgd RGNV RF bnll_mc eqnl RPK)Oktr+ _r rgnvm gdqd9
Sgd ntsots eqnl sghr ptdqx rgnvr sg_s sgd sns_k rhyd ne sgd RF? hr 1+227+201+081 axsdr-
Sghr sns_k rhyd hr bnlonrdc ne sgd u_qh_akd ro_bd sg_s hr bnlonrdc ne sgd rg_qdc onnk+ sgd
k_qfd onnk+ _mc sgd I_u_ onnk ’51/+65/+273 axsdr(: sgd c_s_a_rd ateedq b_bgd ’0+583+387+705
axsdr(: sgd qdcn knf ateedqr ’1/+651+513 axsdr(: _mc rnld _cchshnm_k ro_bd ’1+18/+257 axsdr(
sg_s rsnqdr hmenql_shnm trdc ax sgd hmrs_mbd&r a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr- Sgd U#RF HMEN uhdv
chrok_xr _cchshnm_k cds_hkr _ants sgd _kknb_shnm ne ro_bd vhsghm sgd RF?+ _r rgnvm hm sgd enk,
knvhmf ptdqx9
02 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
RPK=
Sgd qdrtksr ne sghr ptdqx rgnv hm cds_hk gnv ltbg ro_bd hr nbbtohdc ax d_bg bnlonmdms
hm sgd rg_qdc onnk- Sgd bnlonmdmsr vhsg sgd QDRHYD AKD bnktlm vhsg _ u_ktd ne Xdr b_m
ad l_m_fdc cxm_lhb_kkx ax Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
Xnt b_m _krn trd DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr sn uhdv sgd rhydr ne d_bg ne sgd RF? bnlonmdmsr+ _r
rgnvm hm Ehftqd 7-8- Eqnl sgd gnld rbqddm+ fn sn sgd Rdqudq s_a _mc bkhbj Ldlnqx ?cuhrnqr sn
rdd sghr-
3 3 Bg_osdq 7 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd
Ldlnqx Lnmhsnq LLNM F_sgdqr _mc _m_kxydr rs_shrshbr trdc ax sgd ?tsn,
l_shb Vnqjkn_c Qdonrhsnqx ed_stqd- Rdd Bg_o,
sdq®03 enq lnqd hmenql_shnm nm trhmf sghr ed_stqd-
Ldlnqx Lnmhsnq LLMK F_sgdqr _mc _m_kxydr rs_shrshbr trdc ax sgd ?bshud
Khfgs Rdrrhnm Ghrsnqx ed_stqd- Rdd Bg_osdq 03 enq lnqd
hmenql_shnm nm trhmf sghr ed_stqd-
Ina Ptdtd Lnmhsnq BIPm ?rrhfmr inar sn sgd ina ptdtd oqnbdrrdr vgdm
trhmf Nq_bkd%r ina rbgdctkhmf ed_stqd-
Ina Ptdtd Immm Dwdbtsdr c_s_a_rd inar sg_s g_ud addm rbgdctkdc
trhmf Nq_bkd%r ina,rbgdctkhmf ed_stqd-
Ek_rga_bj C_s_ EAC? ?qbghudr ghrsnqhb_k qdbnqcr eqnl _ s_akd vgdm sgd
?qbghud ek_rga_bj c_s_ _qbghud ed_stqd hr trdc-
O_q_kkdk Ptdqx Rk_ud Pmmm B_qqhdr nts onqshnmr ne _ k_qfdq nudq_kk ptdqx
vgdm Nq_bkd%r O_q_kkdk Ptdqx ed_stqd hr trdc-
Rg_qdc Rdqudq Rmmm Rdqudq oqnbdrrdr sg_s _qd rg_qdc _lnmf rdudq_k
trdqr vgdm Nq_bkd%r Rg_qdc Rdqudq ed_stqd hr trdc-
Rdd Bg_osdq 00 enq cds_hkr nm trhmf rg_qdc rdqudqr-
3 5 Bg_osdq 7 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd
Ldlnqx L_m_fdq LL?M L_m_fdr sgd rhyd ne d_bg hmchuhct_k RF? bnlon,
mdms vgdm Nq_bkd%r ?tsnl_shb Rg_qdc Ldlnqx
L_m_fdldms ed_stqd hr trdc- Rdd Bg_osdq 03 enq
lnqd hmenql_shnm nm trhmf sghr ed_stqd-
Nm Tmhw rxrsdlr+ xnt b_m uhdv sgdrd a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr eqnl sgd nodq_shmf rxrsdl
trhmf sgd or bnll_mc+ _r rgnvm gdqd9
Sghr ntsots rgnvr sg_s rdudq_k a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr _qd qtmmhmf nm sgd Khmtw rdqudq
enq sgd B01CA0 c_s_a_rd+ vghbg hr _ bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd-
SgqdZcdc Dwdbtshnm
? mdv o_q_ldsdq hmsqnctbdc hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _kknvr ltkshokd a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr
sn rg_qd _ rhmfkd NR oqnbdrr nm Tmhw+ rhlhk_q sn sgd lncdk Nq_bkd g_r nm Vhmcnvr- Sghr
adg_uhnq nm Tmhw hr bnmsqnkkdc ax sgd o_q_ldsdq SGQD CDC^DWDBTSHNM+ vghbg ax cde_tks hr
rds sn E KRD- Sgd ltkshsgqd_cdc Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd lncdk dm_akdr Nq_bkd oqnbdrrdr sn dwd,
btsd _r nodq_shmf rxrsdl sgqd_cr hm rdo_q_sd _ccqdrr ro_bdr- Hm cde_tks oqnbdrr lncdkr+
ROHC _mc RSHC bnktlmr ne U#OQNBDRR vhkk g_ud sgd r_ld u_ktdr+ vgdqd_r hm ltkshsgqd_cdc
lncdkr+ d_bg ROHC ’oqnbdrr( vhkk g_ud ltkshokd RSHC ’sgqd_cr( u_ktdr- Sgd DWDBTSHNM^SXOD
bnktlm hm U#OQNBDRR vhkk rgnv SGQD C-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b ?qbghsdbstqd 3 8
toc_shmf sgd c_s_ kd gd_cdq hr fhudm sn sgd CAVm oqnbdrr+ vgdm hs vqhsdr chqsx ateedqr sn
c_s_ kdr- Sgd BJOS oqnbdrr toc_sdr nmkx sgd bnmsqnk kd vhsg sgd bgdbjonhms onrhshnm+
mns sgd c_s_ kdr-
Sgd CAVm a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrr vqhsdr sn sgd c_s_ “kdr vgdmdudq nmd ne sgd enkknvhmf
dudmsr nbbtqr9
? trdq%r rdqudq oqnbdrr g_r rd_qbgdc snn knmf enq _ eqdd ateedq vgdm qd_chmf _ ateedq
hmsn sgd ateedq b_bgd-
Sgd mtladq ne lnch“dc _mc bnllhssdc+ ats tmvqhssdm+ ateedqr hm sgd c_s_a_rd ate,
edq b_bgd hr snn k_qfd-
?s _ c_s_a_rd bgdbjonhms dudms- Rdd Bg_osdq 05 enq hmenql_shnm nm bgdbjonhmsr-
Sgd hmrs_mbd hr rgts cnvm trhmf _mx ldsgnc nsgdq sg_m _ rgtscnvm _anqs-
? s_akdro_bd hr ok_bdc hmsn a_bjto lncd-
? s_akdro_bd hr s_jdm nefihmd sn l_jd hs tm_u_hk_akd nq hr bg_mfdc sn QD C NMKX-
? rdfldms hr cqnoodc-
? c_s_a_rd bgdbjonhms nq sgqd_c bgdbjonhms hr vgdm _kk c_s_ kd gd_cdqr _r vdkk _r sgd
bnmsqnk kd _qd toc_sdc vhsg bgdbjonhms hmenql_shnm- ?s sghr shld+ sgd c_s_a_rd vqhsdr _kk
sgd chqsx ateedqr sn c_s_ kdr- Sghr g_oodmr ctqhmf mnql_k c_s_a_rd rgtscnvm+ nmkhmd qdcn
knf rvhsbg+ enqbdc bgdbjonhms trhmf KSDQ RXRSDL BGDBJONHMS+ nq vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd hr
ok_bdc hm a_bjto lncd trhmf KSDQ C S A RD ADFHM A BJTO-
sxodr ne kdr- Sgdrd kdr _qd b_kkdc bnmsqnk kdr+ c_s_ kdr+ _mc qdcn knf kdr- Sgd _cchshnm_k
ogxrhb_k kdr sg_s _qd _rrnbh_sdc vhsg _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd ats _qd mns sdbgmhb_kkx o_qs ne
sgd c_s_a_rd _qd _r enkknvr9 sgd o_rrvnqc kd+ sgd o_q_ldsdq kd+ _mc _mx _qbghudc qdcn
knf kdr- Sgd Nq_bkd Mds bnmftq_shnm kdr _qd _krn qdpthqdc enq bnmmdbshuhsx sn _m Nq_bkd
c_s_a_rd- Sn qnkk a_bj c_s_a_rd bg_mfdr trhmf sgd C_s_a_rd Ek_rga_bj ed_stqd+ sgd –_rg,
a_bj knf kdr _qd trdc- S_akd 7-5 rtll_qhydr sgd qnkd sg_s d_bg ne sgdrd kdr ok_xr hm sgd
c_s_a_rd _qbghsdbstqd-
Qdcn knf ehkd Qdbnqc ne _kk bg_mfdr l_cd sn sgd c_s_a_rd: trdc enq
hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx-
O_q_ldsdq ’oehkd nq roehkd( Bnmehftq_shnm o_q_ldsdqr enq sgd RF?+ noshnm_k Nq_bkd ed_,
stqdr+ _mc a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr-
?qbghudc qdcn knf ehkd Bnox ne sgd bnmsdmsr ne nmkhmd qdcn knfr+ trdc enq c_s_a_rd
qdbnudqx _mc enq bg_mfd b_ostqd-
O_rrvnqc ehkd Noshnm_k ehkd trdc sn rsnqd m_ldr ne trdqr vgn g_ud addm
fq_msdc sgd RXRCA _mc RXRNODQ oqhuhkdfdr- Rdd Bg_osdq 02+
'Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf+– enq cds_hkr nm RXRCA
_mc RXRNODQ oqhuhkdfdr-
Nq_bkd Mds ehkd Dmsqhdr sg_s bnmehftqd sgd c_s_a_rd khrsdmdq _mc bkhdms,sn,
c_s_a_rd bnmmdbshuhsx- Rdd Bg_osdq 01 enq cds_hkr-
Ek_rga_bj knf ehkd He sgd c_s_a_rd g_r ek_rga_bj knffhmf dm_akdc+ ehkdr _qd vqhssdm
sn sgd e_rs qdbnudqx _qd_-
Ehftqd 7-0/ rgnvr vgdqd sn uhdv sgd ogxrhb_k rsnq_fd hmenql_shnm ne sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf
NDL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr 01b-
Ehftqd 7-00 rgnvr gnv sn _bbdrr sgd CA? ldmt hm RPK Cdudknodq- Tmcdq CA? ldmt+
xnt b_m uhdv _mc _clhmhrsdq rdudq_k bnlonmdmsr ne sgd c_s_a_rd-
Sgd sgqdd sxodr ne bqhshb_k kdr sg_s l_jd to _ c_s_a_rd…sgd bnmsqnk kd+ sgd c_s_ kd+
_mc sgd qdcn knf kd…_qd cdrbqhadc hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr-
301 Bg_osdq 7 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd
Bnmsqnk Ehkdr
Bnmsqnk kdr _qd bqhshb_k bnlonmdmsr ne sgd c_s_a_rd adb_trd sgdx rsnqd hlonqs_ms hmenql_,
shnm sg_s hr mns _u_hk_akd _mxvgdqd dkrd- Sghr hmenql_shnm hmbktcdr sgd enkknvhmf9
Sgd m_ld ne sgd c_s_a_rd
? c_s_a_rd,bqd_shnm shldrs_lo
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b ?qbghsdbstqd 302
Sgd m_ldr+ knb_shnmr+ _mc rhydr ne sgd c_s_ ehkdr _mc qdcn knf ehkdr
S_akdro_bd hmenql_shnm
Qdcn knf hmenql_shnm trdc sn qdbnudq sgd c_s_a_rd hm sgd b_rd ne _ chrj e_hktqd nq
trdq dqqnq
?qbghudc knf hmenql_shnm
QL?M a_bjto hmenql_shnm
Bgdbjonhms hmenql_shnm
Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx rgnvr sgd sxodr ne hmenql_shnm jdos hm sgd bnmsqnk kd+ hmchb_shmf
sgd hlonqs_mbd ne sghr kd-
SXOD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
C S A RD A BJTO ROEHKD
BJOS OQNFQDRR C S A RD HMB QM SHNM
QDCN SGQD C EK RGA BJ KNF
QDCN KNF QDBNUDQX CDRSHM SHNM
C S EHKD HMRS MBD RO BD QDRDQU SHNM
EHKDM LD QDLNU AKD QDBNUDQX EHKDR
S AKDRO BD QL M RS STR
SDLONQ QX EHKDM LD SGQD C HMRS MBD M LD L OOHMF
QL M BNMEHFTQ SHNM LSSQ
KNF GHRSNQX C S EHKD GHRSNQX
NEEKHMD Q MFD RS MCAX C S A RD L SQHW
QBGHUDC KNF FT Q MSDDC QDRSNQD ONHMS
A BJTO RDS QDRSNQD ONHMS
A BJTO OHDBD C S A RD AKNBJ BNQQTOSHNM
A BJTO C S EHKD BL NODQ SHNM
A BJTO QDCNKNF ENQDHFM QBGHUDC KNF
C S EHKD BNOX OCA QDBNQC
A BJTO BNQQTOSHNM TWHKH QX C S EHKD BNOX
BNOX BNQQTOSHNM LTKSH HMRS MBD QDCN OOKX
CDKDSDC NAIDBS OCAHMB QDBNQC
OQNWX BNOX
30 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
RPK=
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b ?qbghsdbstqd 304
Hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgd bnmsqnk kdr jddo sq_bj ne sgd m_ldr+ knb_shnmr+ _mc rhydr ne sgd
c_s_a_rd c_s_ kdr- C_s_ kdr+ _mc sgdhq qdk_shnmrgho sn _mnsgdq c_s_a_rd rsqtbstqd b_kkdc _
s_akdro_bd+ _qd dw_lhmdc hm sgd mdws rdbshnm-
C_s_ Ehkdr
C_s_ kdr _qd sgd ogxrhb_k kdr sg_s _bst_kkx rsnqd sgd c_s_ sg_s g_r addm hmrdqsdc hmsn d_bg
s_akd hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd rhyd ne sgd c_s_ kdr hr chqdbskx qdk_sdc sn sgd _lntms ne s_akd c_s_
sgdx rsnqd- C_s_ kdr _qd sgd ogxrhb_k rsqtbstqd adghmc _mnsgdq c_s_a_rd rsnq_fd _qd_ b_kkdc
_ s_akdro_bd- ? s_akdro_bd hr _ knfhb_k rsnq_fd _qd_ vhsghm sgd c_s_a_rd- S_akdro_bdr fqnto
knfhb_kkx qdk_sdc rdfldmsr- Enq dw_lokd+ _kk sgd s_akdr enq sgd ?bbntmsr Qdbdhu_akd _ookhb_,
shnm lhfgs ad rsnqdc snfdsgdq hm _ s_akdro_bd b_kkdc Q^S A+ _mc sgd hmcdwdr nm sgdrd s_akdr
lhfgs ad rsnqdc hm _ s_akdro_bd b_kkdc Q^HCW-
Ax cde_tks+ dudqx Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b ltrs g_ud _s kd_rs sgqdd s_akdro_bdr- S_akd 7-6
cdrbqhadr sgdrd s_akdro_bdr-
RXR TW Rsnqdr rdfldmsr trdc enq c_s_a_rd noshnmr rtbg _r sgd ?tsnl_shb Vnqj,
kn_c Qdonrhsnqx+ Nmkhmd ?m_kxshb_k Oqnbdrrhmf ’NK?O(+ _mc Ro_sh_k-
SDLO Trdc enq odqenqlhmf k_qfd rnqs nodq_shnmr- SDLO hr qdpthqdc vgdm sgd
RXRSDL s_akdro_bd hr bqd_sdc _r _ knb_kkx l_m_fdc s_akdro_bd: nsgdq,
vhrd+ hs hr noshnm_k- Rdd Bg_osdq 0/+ 'Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc Ro_bd
L_m_fdldms+– enq cds_hkr-
Hm _cchshnm sn sgdrd sgqdd qdpthqdc s_akdro_bdr+ lnrs c_s_a_rdr g_ud s_akdro_bdr enq rsnq,
hmf nsgdq c_s_a_rd rdfldmsr rtbg _r tmcn _mc _ookhb_shnm c_s_- L_mx oqnctbshnm c_s_a_rdr
nesdm g_ud l_mx lnqd s_akdro_bdr enq rsnqhmf _ookhb_shnm rdfldmsr- Dhsgdq xnt nq sgd _ookhb_,
shnm udmcnq cdsdqlhmdr sgd sns_k mtladq _mc m_ldr ne sgdrd s_akdro_bdr- S_akdro_bdr _qd chr,
btrrdc hm cds_hk hm Bg_osdq 0/+ 'Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc Ro_bd L_m_fdldms-–
Enq d_bg s_akdro_bd hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgdqd ltrs ad _s kd_rs nmd c_s_ kd- Rnld s_akdro_bdr
l_x ad bnlonrdc ne rdudq_k c_s_ kdr enq l_m_fdldms nq odqenql_mbd qd_rnmr- Sgd c_s_
chbshnm_qx uhdv CA ^C S ^EHKDR rgnvr sgd c_s_ kdr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg d_bg s_akdro_bd hm sgd
c_s_a_rd- Sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldms rgnvr _ r_lokd ptdqx nm sgd CA ^C S ^EHKDR c_s_
chbshnm_qx uhdv9
FQNTO" LDLADQ
,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
0 B9[ OO[NQ BKD01B[LTKSHOKDW[N01B/0[QDCN/0-KNF
0 C9[ OO[NQ BKD01B[NQ C S [N01B/0[QDCN/0-KNF
1 B9[ OO[NQ BKD01B[LTKSHOKDW[N01B/0[QDCN/1-KNF
1 C9[ OO[NQ BKD01B[NQ C S [N01B/0[QDCN/1-KNF
2 B9[ OO[NQ BKD01B[LTKSHOKDW[N01B/0[QDCN/2-KNF
2 C9[ OO[NQ BKD01B[NQ C S [N01B/0[QDCN/2-KNF
3 B9[ OO[NQ BKD01B[LTKSHOKDW[N01B/0[QDCN/3-KNF
3 C9[ OO[NQ BKD01B[NQ C S [N01B/0[QDCN/3-KNF
7 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
RPK=
Sghr ntsots rgnvr sg_s sgd c_s_a_rd g_r _ sns_k ne entq qdcn knf fqntor _mc sg_s d_bg fqnto
g_r svn ldladqr- D_bg ne sgd ldladqr hr knb_sdc hm _ rdo_q_sd chqdbsnqx nm sgd rdqudq&r chrj
cqhudr rn sg_s sgd knrr ne _ rhmfkd chrj cqhud vhkk mns qdrtks hm sgd knrr ne sgd qdbnudqx hmenql_,
shnm rsnqdc hm sgd qdcn knfr- Xnt b_m _krn lnmhsnq qdcn knfr trhmf DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr+ _r
rgnvm hm Ehftqd 7-03-
307 Bg_osdq 7 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd
Vgdm _ trdq odqenqlr _ CLK _bshuhsx nm sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgd qdbnudqx hmenql_shnm enq sghr
sq_mr_bshnm hr vqhssdm sn sgd qdcn knf ateedq ax sgd trdq&r rdqudq oqnbdrr- KFVQ dudmst_kkx
vqhsdr sghr qdbnudqx hmenql_shnm sn sgd _bshud qdcn knf fqnto tmshk sg_s knf fqnto hr kkdc-
Nmbd sgd btqqdms knf kkr vhsg sq_mr_bshnm hmenql_shnm+ KFVQ rvhsbgdr sn sgd mdws qdcn
knf tmshk sg_s knf fqnto kkr vhsg sq_mr_bshnm hmenql_shnm+ _mc rn nm+ tmshk _kk _u_hk_akd
qdcn knfr _qd trdc- Vgdm sgd k_rs qdcn knf hr trdc+ KFVQ vq_or _qntmc _mc rs_qsr trhmf
sgd qrs qdcn knf _f_hm- ?r rgnvm hm sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx+ xnt b_m trd sgd U#KNF cxm_lhb
odqenql_mbd uhdv sn chrok_x vghbg qdcn knf fqnto hr btqqdmskx _bshud _mc adhmf vqhssdm sn
ax KFVQ9
Sghr ntsots rgnvr sg_s qdcn knf fqnto mtladq 0 hr btqqdms _mc adhmf vqhssdm sn ax
KFVQ- Nmbd qdcn knf fqnto 3 hr etkk+ KFVQ rvhsbgdr a_bj sn qdcn knf fqnto 0- Sgd enk,
knvhmf _qd sgd rs_strdr _u_hk_akd enq knf kdr-
TMTRDC , Nmkhmd qdcn knf hr mdv _mc mdudq addm vqhssdm sn-
BTQQDMS , Sgd btqqdms _bshud qdcn knf-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b ?qbghsdbstqd 308
BSHUD , Knf hr _bshud ats hr mns sgd btqqdms knf- Hs hr mddcdc enq bq_rg qdbnudqx-
BKD QHMF , ? rgnqs shld rs_str ctqhmf KSDQ C S A RD BKD Q KNFEHKD rs_sdldms-
?esdq sgd knf hr bkd_qdc+ sgd rs_str bg_mfdr sn TMTRDC-
BKD QHMF^BTQQDMS , Btqqdms knf hr adhmf bkd_qdc ne _ bknrdc sgqd_c- Sgd knf ehkd l_x ad
hm sghr rs_str he sgdqd hr _m H.N dqqnq vqhshmf sgd mdv knf hmenql_shnm-
HM BSHUD , Knf hr mn knmfdq mddcdc enq hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx-
Vgdm KFVQ vq_or _qntmc eqnl sgd k_rs qdcn knf fqnto a_bj sn sgd qrs qdcn knf
fqnto+ _mx qdbnudqx hmenql_shnm oqduhntrkx rsnqdc hm sgd qrs qdcn knf fqnto hr nudqvqhssdm
_mc+ sgdqdenqd+ mn knmfdq _u_hk_akd enq qdbnudqx otqonrdr-
Gnvdudq+ he sgd c_s_a_rd hr nodq_shmf hm _qbghud knf lncd+ sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgdrd oqduh,
ntrkx trdc knfr _qd bnohdc sn _ rdbnmc_qx knb_shnm adenqd sgd knf hr qdtrdc ax KFVQ- He sghr
_qbghuhmf ed_stqd hr dm_akdc+ hs hr sgd ina ne sgd ?QBm a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrr cdrbqhadc hm sgd
oqduhntr rdbshnm sn bnox sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgd qdcn knf sn sgd _qbghud knb_shnm- Sgdrd bnohdr ne
nkc qdcn knf dmsqhdr _qd b_kkdc _qbghud knfr- Ehftqd 7-04 rgnvr sghr oqnbdrr fq_oghb_kkx-
Hm Ehftqd 7-04+ sgd qrs qdcn knf fqnto g_r addm kkdc+ _mc KFVQ g_r lnudc nm sn qdcn
knf fqnto 1- ?r rnnm _r KFVQ rvhsbgdr eqnl qdcn knf fqnto 0 sn qdcn knf fqnto 1+ sgd
?QBm oqnbdrr rs_qsr bnoxhmf sgd bnmsdmsr ne qdcn knf fqnto 0 sn sgd _qbghud knf kd knb_shnm-
Nmbd sgd qrs qdcn knf fqnto hr r_edkx _qbghudc+ KFVQ hr eqdd sn vq_o _qntmc _mc qdtrd sgd
qrs qdcn knf fqnto nmbd qdcn knf fqnto 2 hr kkdc-
C_s_a_rd
S_akdro_bd Rdfldms
Rdfldms 0 Rdfldms 1
Dwsdms 0 Aknbi
Rdfldms 2
Dwsdms 1
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b ?qbghsdbstqd 312
Sgd Nq_bkd C_s_ Chbshnm_qx hr chrbtrrdc hm cds_hk hm Bg_osdq 8- Xnt l_x cn sghr dwdqbhrd _esdq
sgd c_s_a_rd hr bqd_sdc+ ats vd v_msdc sn cnbtldms sgd hmenql_shnm vgdqd hs hr qdkdu_ms-
Gdqd _qd _ edv c_s_ chbshnm_qx naidbsr xnt b_m trd sn dwoknqd _mc gdko xnt tmcdqrs_mc
sgd ogxrhb_k _mc knfhb_k rsqtbstqdr lnqd- Xnt b_m trd RPK)Oktr nq RPK Cdudknodq sn
dwoknqd- Gnvdudq+ adb_trd RPK Cdudknodq rgnvr _ roqd_crgdds,khjd ntsots+ vd qdbnl,
ldmc sg_s xnt trd RPK Cdudknodq enq hloqnudc qd_c_ahkhsx: itrs dwdbtsd RDKDBS ) EQNL
;chbshnmZqx^uhdv= hm sgd Vnqjrgdds-
Bnmsqnk Ehkdr
U#BNMSQNKEHKD
C_s_ Ehkdr”Sgd s_akdro_bd mtladq ’U#( nq m_ld ’CA ( khmjr _ c_s_ “kd sn hsr knfhb_k rsnq,
_fd rsqtbstqd
U#C S EHKD
U#SDLOEHKD
CA ^C S ^EHKDR
CA ^SDLO^EHKDR
S_akdro_bdr
CA ^S AKDRO BDR
Rdfldmsr”Sgd s_akdro_bd m_ld khmjr sn CA?ZS?AKDRO?BDR+ rdfldms%r o_qdms hm sgd
qdk_shnm_k lncdk enq c_s_a_rd knfhb_k rsqtbstqdr-
CA ^RDFLDMSR
313 Bg_osdq 7 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd
Rtll_qx
Sghr bg_osdq hmsqnctbdc xnt sn sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _qbghsdbstqd vhsg sgd bnlonmdmsr sg_s
bnmrshstsd _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd rdqudq- Lnrs onotk_q c_s_a_rdr snc_x _qd qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rdr-
Qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rdr bnmrhrs ne c_s_ bnlonrdc ne _ rds ne qdk_shnm_k naidbsr- C_s_ hr rsnqdc hm
s_akdr _r qnvr _mc bnktlmr- Nq_bkd hr _ qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rd- RPK hr sgd k_mft_fd trdc sn l_m,
_fd _mc _clhmhrsdq Nq_bkd c_s_a_rdr- Rdudq_k snnkr _qd _u_hk_akd sn _clhmhrsdq Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
01b- Sgd lnrs bnllnm nmdr trdc ax CA?r _qd RPK)Oktr _mc Nq_bkd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq-
RPK Cdudknodq hr _ FTH snnk sg_s b_m ad trdc sn hmsdq_bs vhsg Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b trhmf rdu,
dq_k CA? etmbshnmr qd_chkx bncdc hm ldmt hsdlr-
Sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _qbghsdbstqd bnmrhrsr ne sgqdd l_inq bnlonmdmsr9 ldlnqx+ oqn,
bdrrdr+ _mc rsnq_fd- ? trdq oqnbdrr hmhsh_sdr _ bnmmdbshnm vhsg sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd _mc rs_qsr
_ rdqudq oqnbdrr- Sgd rdqudq oqnbdrr hr qdronmrhakd enq odqenqlhmf sgd s_rjr nm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Sgd ldlnqx rsqtbstqdr _mc a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr snfdsgdq _qd _m Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd- Sgd rdqudq
oqnbdrr bnlltmhb_sdr vhsg sgd ldlnqx rsqtbstqd jmnvm _r sgd rxrsdl fkna_k _qd_- Sgd RF?
bnmrhrsr ne _ rg_qdc onnk+ c_s_a_rd ateedq b_bgd+ _mc qdcn knf ateedq- Sgd rg_qdc onnk _krn
hmbktcdr bnlonmdmsr rtbg _r _ I_u_ onnk+ k_qfd onnk+ qdrtks b_bgd+ _mc rsqd_lr onnk-
Sgdqd _qd l_mx sxodr ne a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr+ d_bg odqenqlhmf _ rodbhb ina sn l_hms_hm
_mc l_m_fd sgd c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbd- ?kk c_s_a_rdr g_ud _s kd_rs mhmd a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr9
sgd hlonqs_ms nmdr _qd c_s_a_rd vqhsdq+ bgdbjonhms vqhsdq+ knf vqhsdq+ oqnbdrr lnmhsnq+ _mc
rxrsdl lnmhsnq- Cdodmchmf nm sgd bnmftq_shnm ne sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgdqd l_x ad nsgdq a_bj,
fqntmc oqnbdrrdr rtbg _r _qbghudq+ ?RL a_k_mbhmf+ _mc rn nm-
Sgd ogxrhb_k c_s_ rsqtbstqd bnmrhrsr ne rdudq_k kdr rsnqdc nm chrj- Sgd lnrs hlonqs_ms kd
hr sgd bnmsqnk kd+ vghbg jddor sq_bj ne rdudq_k hlonqs_ms ohdbdr ne hmenql_shnm+ rtbg _r c_s_,
a_rd m_ld+ m_ldr ne c_s_ kdr _mc qdcn knf kdr+ a_bjto hmenql_shnm+ _mc rn nm- Sgd BJOS
oqnbdrr hr qdronmrhakd enq jddohmf sgd bnmsqnk kd toc_sdc- Qdcn knf kdr bnms_hm hmenql_shnm
eqnl sgd qdcn knf ateedq- Sgd KFVQ oqnbdrr hr qdronmrhakd enq vqhshmf sgd qdcn knf ateedq
bnmsdmsr sn sgd qdcn knf kdr- Nq_bkd lds_c_s_ _mc _ookhb_shnm c_s_ _qd rsnqdc hm c_s_ kdr-
Sgd CAVm oqnbdrr hr qdronmrhakd enq vqhshmf chqsx aknbjr eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd ateedq b_bgd sn
sgd c_s_ kdr-
Knnjhmf _s sgd knfhb_k rsqtbstqd ne sgd c_s_a_rd+ _ s_akdro_bd hr sgd ghfgdrs kdudk ne knfhb_k
tmhs- ? s_akdro_bd bnmrhrsr ne rdudq_k rdfldmsr- ? rdfldms bnmrhrsr ne nmd nq lnqd dwsdmsr-
?m dwsdms hr _ bnmshftntr _kknb_shnm ne aknbjr- ? aknbj hr sgd rl_kkdrs tmhs ne rsnq_fd hm _m
Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 314
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Cdrbqhad bnllnm Nq_bkd snnkr _mc sgdhq trdr- Jmnv vghbg snnkr _qd _u_hk_akd enq
bnmmdbshmf sn _mc hmsdq_bshmf vhsg _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd- Tmcdqrs_mc gnv sgdrd snnkr
cheedq eqnl nmd _mnsgdq-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd Nq_bkd _qbghsdbstqd bnlonmdmsr- Ad _akd sn cdrbqhad sgd knfhb_k _mc ogxrhb_k
bnlonmdmsr ne sgd Nq_bkd _qbghsdbstqd _mc sgd bnlonmdmsr sg_s l_jd to d_bg- Jmnv sgd qdk_,
shnmrgho adsvddm rdfldmsr+ dwsdmsr+ c_s_a_rd aknbjr+ _mc nodq_shmf,rxrsdl aknbjr-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm _ sq_chshnm_k Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd _mc _ ltkshsdm_mbx
c_s_a_rd- Ltkshsdm_mbx c_s_a_rdr _qd jmnvm _r bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rdr _mc b_m g_ud nmd
nq lnqd oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr- ? sq_chshnm_k c_s_a_rd hr nmd c_s_a_rd-
Jmnv sgd a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr
_mc gnv sgdx _qd trdc- Sgd hlonqs_ms nmdr sn jmnv _qd CAVm+ BJOS+ KFVQ+ OLNM+
RLNM+ ?QBm+ ?RLA+ QA?K-
Hcdmshex sgd sgqdd sxodr ne c_s_a_rd ehkdr sg_s bnmrshstsd sgd c_s_a_rd- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd
otqonrdr _mc jdx cheedqdmbdr adsvddm sgd bnmsqnk kdr+ c_s_ kdr+ _mc qdcn knf kdr-
Dwok_hm _mc b_sdfnqhyd sgd RF: ldlnqx rsqtbstqdr- Hcdmshex sgd RF? _qd_r _knmf vhsg
sgd rtabnlonmdmsr bnms_hmdc vhsghm d_bg ne sgdrd _qd_r-
315 Bg_osdq 7 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Bgnnrd svn RF? rsqtbstqdr sg_s _qd qdpthqdc hm dudqx Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd-
?- K_qfd onnk
A- Rg_qdc onnk
B- Ateedq b_bgd
C- I_u_ onnk
4- Vghbg a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrr ft_q_msddr sg_s bnllhssdc c_s_ hr r_udc dudm vgdm sgd
bg_mfdr g_ud mns addm qdbnqcdc hm c_s_ ehkdr>
?- CAVm
A- OLNM
B- KFVQ
C- BJOS
D- ?QBm
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 316
5- Trdq Ingm g_r toc_sdc rdudq_k qnvr hm _ s_akd _mc hrrtdc _ bnllhs- Vg_s cndr sgd
CAVm ’c_s_a_rd vqhsdq( oqnbdrr cn _s sghr shld hm qdronmrd sn sgd bnllhs dudms>
?- Vqhsdr sgd bg_mfdc aknbjr sn c_s_ ehkdr-
A- Vqhsdr sgd bg_mfdc aknbjr sn qdcn knf ehkdr-
B- Sqhffdqr bgdbjonhms _mc sgtr KFVQ vqhsdr sgd bg_mfdr sn qdcn knf ehkdr-
C- Cndr mnsghmf-
8- Vghbg s_rjr _qd _bbnlokhrgdc ax sgd RLNM oqnbdrr> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- Odqenqlr qdbnudqx _s hmrs_mbd rs_qsto
A- Odqenqlr bkd_mto _esdq _ trdq rdrrhnm hr sdqlhm_sdc
B- Rs_qsr _mx rdqudq oqnbdrr sg_s rsnoodc qtmmhmf
C- Bn_kdrbdr bnmshftntr eqdd ro_bd hm chbshnm_qx,l_m_fdc s_akdro_bdr
0/- Bgnnrd sgd adrs rs_sdldms eqnl sgd noshnmr qdk_sdc sn rdfldmsr-
?- ? bnmshftntr rds ne aknbjr bnmrshstsdr _ rdfldms-
A- ? mnmo_qshshnmdc s_akd b_m g_ud nmkx nmd rdfldms-
B- ? rdfldms b_m adknmf sn lnqd sg_m nmd s_akdro_bd-
C- ?kk ne sgd _anud _qd sqtd-
00- Eqnl sgd enkknvhmf khrs+ bgnnrd svn oqnbdrrdr sg_s _qd noshnm_k hm _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
01b c_s_a_rd-
?- LLNM
A- LLMK
B- ?QBm
C- LL?M
317 Bg_osdq 7 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd
01- Vghbg RF? bnlonmdms vhkk xnt hmbqd_rd nq bnmehftqd rn sg_s QL?M s_od a_bjtor cn
mns trd ldlnqx eqnl sgd rg_qdc onnk>
?- I_u_ onnk
A- Rsqd_lr onnk
B- Qdbnudqx onnk
C- K_qfd onnk
02- Vgdm _ trdq rdrrhnm hr sdqlhm_sdc+ vghbg oqnbdrrdr _qd qdronmrhakd enq bkd_mhmf to _mc
qdkd_rhmf knbjr> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- CAVm
A- KFVQ
B- LLNM
C- OLNM
D- RLNM
03- Sgd KQT _kfnqhsgl hr trdc sn l_m_fd vg_s o_qs ne sgd Nq_bkd _qbghsdbstqd>
?- Trdqr vgn knf nm sn sgd c_s_a_rd hmeqdptdmskx _mc l_x ad b_mchc_sdr enq adhmf
cqnoodc
A- Sgd c_s_ ehkd sg_s rsnqdr sgd kd_rs _lntms ne hmenql_shnm _mc vhkk mddc sgd kd_rs
eqdptdms a_bjto
B- Sgd s_akdr sg_s trdqr q_qdkx _bbdrr rn sg_s sgdx b_m ad lnudc sn _ kdrr _bshud
s_akdro_bd
C- Sgd rg_qdc onnk _mc c_s_a_rd ateedq b_bgd onqshnmr ne sgd RF?
04- Svn rsqtbstqdr l_jd to _m Nq_bkd rdqudq9 _m hmrs_mbd _mc _ c_s_a_rd- Vghbg ne sgd
enkknvhmf adrs cdrbqhadr sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm _m Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd _mc _ c_s_a_rd>
?- ?m hmrs_mbd bnmrhrsr ne ldlnqx rsqtbstqdr _mc oqnbdrrdr+ vgdqd_r _ c_s_a_rd hr
bnlonrdc ne ogxrhb_k ehkdr-
A- ?m hmrs_mbd hr trdc nmkx ctqhmf c_s_a_rd bqd_shnm: _esdq sg_s+ sgd c_s_a_rd hr _kk
sg_s hr mddcdc-
B- ?m hmrs_mbd hr rs_qsdc vgdmdudq sgd cdl_mcr nm sgd c_s_a_rd _qd ghfg+ ats sgd
c_s_a_rd hr trdc _kk sgd shld-
C- ?m hmrs_mbd hr bnmehftqdc trhmf _ oehkd+ vgdqd_r _ c_s_a_rd hr bnmehftqdc trhmf
_ roehkd-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 318
05- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hr sgd oqnodq nqcdq ne Nq_bkd&r rsnq_fd ghdq_qbgx+ eqnl rl_kkdrs
sn k_qfdrs>
?- Nodq_shmf,rxrsdl aknbj+ c_s_a_rd aknbj+ rdfldms+ dwsdms
A- Nodq_shmf,rxrsdl aknbj+ c_s_a_rd aknbj+ dwsdms+ rdfldms
B- Rdfldms+ dwsdms+ c_s_a_rd aknbj+ nodq_shmf,rxrsdl aknbj
C- Rdfldms+ c_s_a_rd aknbj+ dwsdms+ nodq_shmf,rxrsdl aknbj
06- Sgd CA? tmjmnvhmfkx sdqlhm_sdc sgd oqnbdrr HC adknmfhmf sn sgd OLNM oqnbdrr
ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd jhkk ,8 bnll_mc nm Tmhw- Bgnnrd sgd
adrs _mrvdq9
?- Nq_bkd ro_vmr _mnsgdq OLNM oqnbdrr _tsnl_shb_kkx-
A- Sgd c_s_a_rd g_mfr+ _mc sgd CA? ltrs l_mt_kkx rs_qs _ OLNM oqnbdrr-
B- He sgd c_s_a_rd hr hm ?QBGHUDKNF lncd+ Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb_kkx rs_qsr _mnsgdq
OLNM oqnbdrr _mc qdbnudqr eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd g_mf-
C- Sgd hmrs_mbd bq_rgdr _mc mddcr sn ad qdrs_qsdc-
07- Vgdm _m hmbqdldms_k bgdbjonhms g_oodmr hm _ c_s_a_rd+ vghbg ehkd’r( _qd toc_sdc vhsg
sgd bgdbjonhms onrhshnm> Bgnnrd _kk noshnmr sg_s _qd bnqqdbs-
?- C_s_ ehkdr
A- Bnmsqnk ehkdr
B- Hmhsh_khy_shnm O_q_ldsdq Ehkdr
C- Qdcn knf ehkdr
D- ?qbghud knf ehkdr
08- Trdq Hr_adkk_ toc_sdr _ s_akd _mc bnllhsr sgd bg_mfd _esdq _ edv rdbnmcr- Vghbg ne sgd
enkknvhmf _bshnmr _qd g_oodmhmf hm sgd c_s_a_rd> Nqcdq sgdl hm sgd bnqqdbs rdptdmbd
_mc hfmnqd sgd _bshnmr sg_s _qd mns qdkdu_ms-
?- Nq_bkd qd_cr sgd aknbjr eqnl c_s_ ehkd sn ateedq b_bgd _mc toc_sdr sgd aknbjr-
A- Bg_mfdc aknbjr eqnl sgd ateedq b_bgd _qd vqhssdm sn c_s_ ehkdr-
B- Sgd trdq bnllhsr sgd bg_mfd-
C- KFVQ vqhsdr sgd bg_mfdc aknbjr sn sgd qdcn knf ateedq-
D- Sgd rdqudq oqnbdrr vqhsdr sgd bg_mfd udbsnqr sn sgd qdcn knf ateedq-
E- KFVQ ektrgdr sgd qdcn knf ateedq sn qdcn knf ehkdr-
F- ? bgdbjonhms nbbtqr-
32 Bg_osdq 7 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd
1/- Ptdqxhmf sgd U#KNF ehkd rgnvr sgd enkknvhmf hmenql_shnm- Vghbg qdcn fqnto ehkdr _qd
qdpthqdc enq hmrs_mbd bq_rg qdbnudqx>
RPK= rdkdbs FQNTO"+ QBGHUDC+ RS STR eqnl U#KNF:
FQNTO" QB RS STR
,,,,,,,,,, ,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
0 MN BTQQDMS
1 MN HM BSHUD
2 MN HM BSHUD
3 MN BSHUD
?- Fqnto 0 _mc 3
A- Fqnto 1 _mc 2
B- Fqntor 0 sgqntfg 3
C- Fqnto 0
D- Fqnto 3
AfTosdp BqdZshmf Zmc
8
NodqZshmf NqZbkd
CZsZaZrd 01)
Sdlo ro_bd 0FA ne eqdd ro_bd hm sgd .slo chqdbsnqx nm Tmhw rxrsdlr
Sgd Nq_bkd Tmhudqr_k Hmrs_kkdq+ vghbg hr cdrbqhadc hm sgd rtardptdms rdbshnm 'Trhmf sgd
Nq_bkd Tmhudqr_k Hmrs_kkdq+– vhkk odqenql _ pthbj rxrsdl bgdbj oqhnq sn rs_qshmf _m hmrs_kk_,
shnm sn rdd vgdsgdq xntq rxrsdl lddsr sgd rodbhb qdpthqdldmsr enq xntq nodq_shmf rxrsdl-
He xntq rxrsdl cndr mns ldds sgd lhmhltl qdpthqdldmsr+ sgd hmrs_kkdq vhkk qdstqm _m dqqnq
_mc _anqs-
Nm Tmhw rxrsdlr+ xnt ltrs dw_lhmd nmd bqhshb_k rxrsdl qdpthqdldms adenqd hmrs_kk_shnm9
sgd Tmhw jdqmdk o_q_ldsdqr- Tmhw jdqmdk o_q_ldsdqr _qd trdc sn bnmftqd sgd Tmhw nodq_shmf,
rxrsdl rdsshmfr enq nodq_shmf,rxrsdl,kdudk nodq_shnmr sg_s hlo_bs Nq_bkd,qdk_sdc _bshuhshdr rtbg
_r sgd enkknvhmf9
Sgd l_whltl rhyd _kknvdc enq _ rg_q_akd ldlnqx rdfldms nm sgd rdqudq+ vghbg b_m
hlo_bs sgd rxrsdl fkna_k _qd_ ’RF?( rhyd
Sgd l_whltl mtladq ne ehkdr sg_s b_m ad nodm nm sgd rdqudq _s nmd shld+ vghbg
hlo_bsr sgd sns_k mtladq ne trdqr _mc ehkdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd
Sgd mtladq ne oqnbdrrdr sg_s b_m qtm bnmbtqqdmskx nm sgd rdqudq+ vghbg hlo_bsr sgd
mtladq ne trdqr _mc sgd _ahkhsx sn trd rnld noshnm_k ed_stqdr
Sgd rxrsdlr _clhmhrsq_snq trt_kkx l_jdr Tmhw jdqmdk bg_mfdr+ vghbg l_x qdpthqd _
rdqudq qdanns hm nqcdq sn s_jd deedbs- Sgd hmrs_kk fthcd _mc.nq qdkd_rd mnsdr oqnuhcd cds_hkr
nm sgd _ooqnoqh_sd jdqmdk rdsshmf enq xntq nodq_shmf rxrsdl- Hm _cchshnm sn jdqmdk rdsshmfr+
sgd rxrsdl _clhmhrsq_snq l_x g_ud sn bnmftqd sgd rdqudq&r chrj rsnq_fd rxrsdl _mc a_bjto
g_qcv_qd adenqd hmrs_kkhmf sgd Nq_bkd rnesv_qd-
S_akd 8-3 rgnvr sgd u_qh_akdr _mc chqdbsnqhdr trdc hm sgd NE? lncdk enq Vhmcnvr
rxrsdlr-
Sgdrd dmuhqnmldms u_qh_akdr _qd trdc dwsdmrhudkx vgdm Nq_bkd rxrsdlr _qd hmrs_kkdc+
o_sbgdc+ tofq_cdc+ _mc l_m_fdc- S_akd 8-4 rgnvr rdudq_k dw_lokdr ne gnv sgdrd u_qh_akdr
cdmd sgd knb_shnmr ne nsgdq Nq_bkd chqdbsnqhdr-
Chqdbsnqx Cdrbqhoshnm
#NQ BKD^GNLD.car Cde_tks knb_shnm enq o_rrvnqc ehkd _mc o_q_ldsdq ehkd
nm Tmhw rxrsdlr
#NQ BKD^A RD.Zclhm.OQNC.oehkd Knb_shnm ne sgd oehkd enq _ c_s_a_rd b_kkdc OQNC nm
Tmhw rxrsdlr
$NQ BKD^A RD$[Zclhm[OQNC[oehkd Knb_shnm ne sgd oehkd enq _ c_s_a_rd b_kkdc OQNC nm
Vhmcnvr rxrsdlr
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Rnesv_qd Hmrs_kk_shnm 328
Chqdbsnqx Cdrbqhoshnm
Enq Tmhw rxrsdlr+ S_akd 8-4 r_xr #NQ BKD^GNLD.car hr sgd cde_tks knb_shnm enq sgd okd _mc
rokd ats sgdm r_xr sg_s okdr rgntkc ad rsnqdc hm #NQ BKD^A RD.Zclhm.;hmrsZmbd=.oehkd-
Vhmcnvr rxrsdlr _qd rhlhk_q- Sghr hlokhdr sg_s sgd r_ld kd mddcr sn ad hm svn knb_shnmr _s
sgd r_ld shld- Xnt b_m _bbnlokhrg sghr trhmf svn sqhbjr: vghbg nmd xnt trd cdodmcr nm xntq
nodq_shmf rxrsdl-
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokdr trd 01BQ00 _r sgd c_s_a_rd ’_mc hmrs_mbd( m_ld- Nm Tmhw rxrsdlr+
xnt b_m bqd_sd sgd okd hm sgd #NQ BKD^A RD.Zclhm.01BQ00.oehkd chqdbsnqx+ _mc sgdm bqd_sd
_ rxlankhb khmj hm #NQ BKD^GNLD.car sg_s onhmsr sn sgd kd hm #NQ BKD^A RD.Zclhm.01BQ00.
oehkd trhmf sghr rxms_w9
Nm Vhmcnvr rxrsdlr+ xnt b_m bqd_sd sgd okd hm sgd $NQ BKD^A RD$[Zclhm[01BQ00[oehkd
chqdbsnqx+ _mc sgdm ots _mnsgdq okd hm $NQ BKD^GNLD$[car sg_s bnms_hmr _ rhmfkd dmsqx sg_s
onhmsr sn sgd nsgdq okd hm $NQ BKD^A RD$[Zclhm[01BQ00[oehkd khjd sghr9
hehkd<C9[nqZbkd[Zclhm[01BQ00[oehkd[hmhs01BQ00-nqZ
Trhmf sgdrd sdbgmhptdr _kknvr xnt sn ots sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq kdr hm sgdhq cde_tks
knb_shnmr tmcdq #NQ BKD^GNLD ats _krn hm sgdhq cdrhqdc knb_shnm tmcdq #NQ BKD^A RD-
Vgx rgntkc sgd qd_k bnox ne sgd okdr ad rsnqdc tmcdq #NQ BKD^A RD hmrsd_c ne #NQ BKD^
GNLD> Vdkk+ hs hr _ fnnc hcd_ sn jddo nmkx udqrhnm,rodbhb kdr tmcdq #NQ BKD^GNLD- Sg_s v_x+
vgdm xnt dudmst_kkx tmhmrs_kk sgd rnesv_qd eqnl _m nkc #NQ BKD^GNLD+ xnt vnm&s knrd xntq
b_qdetkkx s_hknqdc hmhsh_khy_shnm kdr-
Hm _cchshnm sn #NQ BKD^A RD _mc #NQ BKD^GNLD+ xnt rgntkc _krn ad _v_qd ne _ edv nsgdq
mnm,NE?,qdk_sdc nodq_shmf,rxrsdl dmuhqnmldms u_qh_akdr nm Tmhw _mc Vhmcnvr rxrsdlr-
Sgdrd _qd cdrbqhadc hm S_akd 8-5-
33 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
#SMR^ CLHM Rodbhehdr vgdqd sgd Nq_bkd Mds bnmehftq_shnm ehkdr _qd
rsnqdc nm Tmhw rxrsdlr”he sgdx _qd sn ad rsnqdc ntsrhcd
sgdhq cde_tks knb_shnm ne #NQ BKD^GNLD.mdsvnqj.Zclhm-
$SMR^ CLHM$ Rodbhehdr vgdqd sgd Nq_bkd Mds bnmehftq_shnm ehkdr _qd rsnqdc
nm Vhmcnvr rxrsdlr”he sgdx _qd sn ad rsnqdc ntsrhcd sgdhq
cde_tks knb_shnm ne $NQ BKD^GNLD$[mdsvnqj[Zclhm-
Sgdqd hr mn mddc sn rds _mx ne sgdrd u_qh_akdr enq _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hmrs_kk: rdsshmf
NQ BKD^A RD hr qdbnlldmcdc+ ats hr mns l_mc_snqx- Sgdrd u_qh_akdr _qd hlonqs_ms vgdm
xnt&qd qd_cx sn bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd-
udqrhnm+ trd sgd C_s_a_rd Tofq_cd >rrhrs_ms ’CAT?( snnk- Sgd c_s_a_rd bqd_shnm rbqddmr
_mc c_s_a_rd tofq_cd rbqddmr sg_s _ood_q vgdm xnt bgnnrd noshnm 0 nq 2 _qd chrbtrrdc hm
cds_hk k_sdq hm sgd annj- Gdqd xnt vhkk qduhdv sgd rbqddmr _mc noshnmr hm noshnm 19 Hmrs_kk
C_s_a_rd Rnesv_qd Nmkx- Rdkdbs sgd Hmrs_kk C_s_a_rd Rnesv_qd Nmkx noshnm+ _mc sgd mdws
rbqddm vhkk oqnlos sgd fqhc noshnmr rgnvm hm Ehftqd 8-3-
Sgd Fqhc Hmrs_kk_shnm rbqddm oqnuhcdr sgd noshnm sn hmrs_kk rnesv_qd hmsn _ bktrsdq enq trd
vhsg _ Qd_k ?ookhb_shnm Bktrsdq ’Q?B( c_s_a_rd- Sgd Q?B hmrs_kk_shnm ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
01b rnesv_qd hr onrrhakd nmkx he sgd rdqudq hr o_qs ne _ bktrsdq- Adb_trd Q?B hr mns o_qs ne sgd
NB? dw_l+ xnt rgntkc bgnnrd Rhmfkd Hmrs_mbd C_s_a_rd Hmrs_kk_shnm enq mnv- Vgdm rhmfkd
hmrs_mbd hmrs_kk_shnm hr bgnrdm+ xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn hmrs_kk k_mft_fdr- Ax cde_tks nmkx nmd
k_mft_fd hr hmrs_kkdc ’TR Dmfkhrg(+ ats xnt b_m hmrs_kk _r l_mx k_mft_fdr _r xnt v_ms sgd
oqnctbs sn qtm nm- Hmrs_kk sgd rtoonqsdc k_mft_fdr trdc ax xntq trdqr-
Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd b_m ad hmrs_kkdc hm nmd ne entq dchshnmr+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 8-4+ a_rdc
nm sgd khbdmrd otqbg_rdc _mc sgd qdpthqdldmsr- Ehftqd 8-4 rgnvr nmkx sgqdd noshnmr+ adb_trd
Odqrnm_k Dchshnm hr mns _u_hk_akd nm Khmtw-
Odqrnm_k Dchshnm ’Lhbqnrnes Vhmcnvr Nodq_shmf Rxrsdlr Nmkx(9 Sghr hmrs_kk_shnm sxod
hmrs_kkr sgd r_ld rnesv_qd _r sgd Dmsdqoqhrd Dchshnm hmrs_kk_shnm sxod+ vhsg sgd dwbdo,
shnm ne sgd l_m_fdldms o_bjr- Gnvdudq+ hs rtoonqsr nmkx _ rhmfkd,trdq cdudknoldms _mc
cdoknxldms dmuhqnmldms sg_s qdpthqdr etkk bnlo_shahkhsx vhsg Dmsdqoqhrd Dchshnm _mc Rs_m,
c_qc Dchshnm- Nq_bkd Q?B hr mns hmrs_kkdc vhsg Odqrnm_k Dchshnm-
Sgd Rodbhex Hmrs_kk_shnm Knb_shnm rbqddm hr vgdqd xnt rodbhex sgd NQ BKD^A RD _mc
NQ BKD^GNLD u_ktdr- He xnt g_ud cdmdc sgdrd dmuhqnmldms u_qh_akdr+ sgdx vhkk ad rgnvm
gdqd: he xnt g_udm&s+ ok_senql,rodbhb cde_tks u_ktdr vhkk ad rgnvm-
Sgd mdws rbqddm hr rodbhb sn Tmhw hmrs_kk_shnmr+ vgdqd xnt b_m bgnnrd sgd fqntor
sn hcdmshex sgd ina qnkdr chrbtrrdc hm sgd 'Ina Qnkd Rdo_q_shnm Trhmf NR Fqntor– rdbshnm-
Rdd Ehftqd 8-5- Nm Vhmcnvr+ sgd fqntor _qd _tsnl_shb_kkx bqd_sdc ax sgd NTH vhsg rs_m,
c_qc m_ldr-
He _kk sgd oqdqdpthrhsd bgdbjr _qd rtbbdrretk+ sgd Oqhuhkdfd Bgdbjr rbqddm hr mns rgnvm _mc
NTH fndr rsq_hfgs sn Rtll_qx rbqddm- He sgdqd _qd _mx oqdqdpthrhsd bgdbj hrrtdr+ sgdx vhkk ad
chrok_xdc+ _mc xnt vhkk ad fhudm sgd noshnm sn w nq hfmnqd sgdl- Dudm he sgdqd _qd mn hrrtdr+ sn
gdko xnt adssdq tmcdqrs_mc _kk ne sgd oqdqdpthrhsd bgdbjr+ vd qdbnlldmc bkhbjhmf sgd A_bj ats,
snm eqnl sgd Rtll_qx rbqddm sn uhdv sgd Oqdqdpthrhsd Bgdbjr rbqddm+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 8-6-
Sgd anssnl onqshnm ne sgd rbqddm rgnvr vg_s hr bgdbjdc _r o_qs ne sgd oqdqdpthrhsd- Bkhbj nm
d_bg hsdl sn rdd sgd khlhs sg_s sgd NTH bgdbjr d_bg hsdl _f_hmrs- Rnldshldr lnqd hmenql_shnm
hr _u_hk_akd vgdm xnt bkhbj sgd Lnqd Cds_hkr khmj-
Sgd oqdqdpthrhsdr bgdbjr _qd enq chrj ro_bd+ ldlnqx+ trdq _mc fqntor+ nodm kd _mc oqnbdrr
khlhsr+ Khmtw udqrhnm _mc _qbghsdbstqd+ NR Jdqmdk o_q_ldsdqr+ _mc NR O_bj_fdr hmrs_kkdc- Xnt
g_ud sgd noshnm sn w dqqnqr _r vdkk _r hfmnqd dqqnqr _mc v_qmhmfr- Hfmnqd dqqnqr nmkx he xnt _qd
rtqd hfmnqhmf vhkk mns hlo_bs sgd hmrs_kk_shnm _mc nmfnhmf nodq_shnm- Sgd Rtll_qx ne hmrs_kk_,
shnm noshnmr hr rgnvm enq xnt sn bnmql adenqd rs_qshmf sgd hmrs_kk_shnm- Sgd r_ld rbqddm _krn
g_r _ R_ud Qdronmrd Ehkd atssnm sn r_ud sgd noshnmr bgnrdm hm sgd hmrs_kk rdrrhnm sn _ kd+ _mc hs
b_m ad trdc sn hmrs_kk Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hm _ rhkdms lncd vhsgnts fnhmf sgqntfg sgd rbqddmr-
He xnt _qd r_shrdc vhsg xntq rdkdbshnmr+ bkhbj sgd Mdws atssnm sn rs_qs bnoxhmf _mc khmjhmf sgd
Nq_bkd ahm_qhdr sn sgd #NQ BKD^GNLD chqdbsnqx-
337 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
He xnt _qd hm _ Tmhw dmuhqnmldms nq vntkc oqdedq sn vnqj eqnl sgd bnll_mc khmd hm
Vhmcnvr+ sxod cabZ eqnl sgd #NQ BKD^GNLD.ahm knb_shnm- Sgd NQ BKD^GNLD u_qh_akd ltrs
ad rds _ooqnoqh_sdkx adenqd hmunjhmf cab_- ?krn+ hs hr qdbnlldmcdc sn rds sgd O SG u_qh_akd
sn hmbktcd #NQ BKD^GNLD.ahm rn sg_s _kk Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b snnkr b_m ad hmunjdc vhsgnts
rodbhexhmf nq bg_mfhmf sn sgd #NQ BKD^GNLD.ahm chqdbsnqx-
?esdq xnt hmunjd sgd CAB?+ xnt rgntkc rdd sgd Nodq_shnm rbqddm+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 8-7-
Sgd Nodq_shnm rbqddm vhkk ad cheedqdms nm _ mncd sg_s adknmfr sn Qd_k ?ookhb_shnm Bktrsdq+
vgdqd xnt vhkk g_ud sgd noshnm sn bqd_sd _ rhmfkd hmrs_mbd Q?B c_s_a_rd nq _ ltkshmncd Q?B
c_s_a_rd- Adb_trd Q?B hr mns o_qs ne sgd bdqshb_shnm dw_l+ xnt vhkk ad trhmf _ mncd sg_s hr
mns o_qs ne sgd Q?B-
Hm sgd C_s_a_rd Nodq_shnm rbqddm+ xnt b_m bgnnrd sn bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd+ bnmftqd
c_s_a_rd noshnmr+ cdkdsd _ c_s_a_rd+ l_m_fd sdlok_sdr+ _mc l_m_fd oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr-
S_akd 8-6 khrsr _mc cdrbqhadr sgd CAB? c_s_a_rd nodq_shnm noshnmr-
Bgnnrd Bqd_sd ? C_s_a_rd+ _mc bkhbj Mdws sn nodm sgd Bqd_shnm Lncd rbqddm- Sghr fhudr
xnt svn noshnmr sn bqd_sd sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd Bqd_sd C_s_a_rd Vhsg Cde_tks Bnmftq_shnm
noshnm cndr mns _rj _mx lnqd ptdrshnmr: hs bqd_sdr sgd c_s_a_rd vhsg lhmhl_k hmenql_,
shnm bnkkdbsdc hm sgd rbqddm _mc tshkhydr cde_tks bnmftq_shnm- Rdd Ehftqd 8-8 enq sgd CAB?
Bqd_shnm Lncd rbqddm- ’Mnsd sgd mtladq ne rbqddmr nm sgd kdes rhcd: sgdqd hr nmkx nmd lnqd
Trhmf CAB? sn Bqd_sd _m Nq_bkd®01b®C_s_a_rd 338
adenqd sgd rtll_qx vgdm sgd cde_tks bnmftq_shnm hr bgnrdm-( Xnt g_ud sn oqnuhcd sgd
c_s_a_rd m_ld+ c_s_a_rd kd,rsnq_fd knb_shnm+ bg_q_bsdq rds+ _mc _clhmhrsq_shud o_rrvnqc-
Xnt b_m bqd_sd _ bnmrnkhc_sdc ltkshsdm_ms c_s_a_rd ax bgdbjhmf sgd Bqd_sd ?r Bnms_hmdq
C_s_a_rd noshnm: he rn+ xnt vhkk mddc sn oqnuhcd _ oktff_akd c_s_a_rd m_ld-
Noshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
Bnmehftqd C_s_a_rd Noshnmr Odqenqlr sgd mdbdrr_qx bg_mfdr sn lnud eqnl _ cdch,
b_sdc rdqudq sn _ rg_qdc rdqudq- Xnt b_m _krn _cc c_s_a_rd
noshnmr sg_s g_ud mns addm oqduhntrkx bnmehftqdc enq trd
vhsg xntq c_s_a_rd-
L_m_fd Oktff_akd C_s_a_rdr Sghr noshnm dm_akdr xnt sn l_m_fd oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr-
Oktff_akd nq bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rdr _kknv xnt sn bnmrnkhc_sd
ltkshokd c_s_a_rdr hmsn _ ltkshsdm_ms c_s_a_rd- Bnms_hmdq
c_s_a_rdr _qd mns o_qs ne sgd NB? naidbshudr _s sgd shld ne
vqhshmf sghr annj-
Sgd ?cu_mbdc Lncd noshnm oqnuhcdr lnqd btrsnlhy_akd noshnmr sn bqd_sd sgd c_s_a_rd-
Bgnnrd sgd ?cu_mbdc Lncd sn btrsnlhyd _mc gdko xnt kd_qm sgd c_s_a_rd bqd_shnm noshnmr-
Bkhbjhmf Mdws vhkk aqhmf to sgd c_s_a_rd sdlok_sd rbqddm- Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ vd vhkk
chrbtrr c_s_a_rd sdlok_sdr _mc sgd u_qhntr rbqddmr hm sgd CAB? sn bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd-
C_s_a_rd Sdlok_sdr
Sgd CAB? bnldr vhsg svn oqdbnmftqdc c_s_a_rd sdlok_sdr- Sgdrd WLK,a_rdc cnbt,
ldmsr bnms_hm sgd hmenql_shnm mdbdrr_qx sn bqd_sd sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd- Xnt
b_m bgnnrd nmd ne sgdrd oqdcdmdc sdlok_sdr+ nq xnt b_m athkc _ btrsnl c_s_a_rd cdmhshnm-
Sgd oqdcdmdc c_s_a_rd sdlok_sdr _qd C_s_ V_qdgntrd _mc Fdmdq_k Otqonrd nq Sq_mr_bshnm
Oqnbdrrhmf ’rdd Ehftqd 8-0/(- Sgdrd sdlok_sdr vdqd cdrhfmdc sn bqd_sd c_s_a_rdr sg_s _qd nosh,
lhydc enq _ o_qshbtk_q sxod ne vnqjkn_c- Vgdm xnt bgnnrd Btrsnl C_s_a_rd+ xnt vhkk g_ud
lnqd dwhahkhsx sn bqd_sd s_akdro_bdr _mc cdbhcd vghbg bnlonmdmsr sn hmrs_kk- Sgd rbqddmr sg_s
_qd cheedqdms vgdm bgnnrhmf sgd Btrsnl C_s_a_rd noshnm _qd hcdmshdc k_sdq hm sgd rdbshnm-
34 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Sn chrok_x sgd bnmftq_shnm cdmhshnmr enq sgdrd oqdbnmftqdc c_s_a_rdr+ bkhbj Rgnv
Cds_hkr- Ehftqd 8-00 rgnvr sgd cds_hkr ne sgd Fdmdq_k Otqonrd nq Sq_mr_bshnm Oqnbdrrhmf sdl,
ok_sd- Trhmf sgd atssnm _s sgd anssnl,qhfgs bnqmdq+ xnt g_ud sgd noshnm ne r_uhmf sgd cds_hkr _r
_m GSLK kd- Adenqd bqd_shmf sgd c_s_a_rd+ xnt vhkk fds sgd rtll_qx hmenql_shnm+ _mc xnt
vhkk g_ud sgd noshnm sn r_ud sgd c_s_a_rd bqd_sd rbqhosr _r vdkk _r _ rhlhk_q GSLK kd vhsg _kk
sgd noshnmr _mc o_q_ldsdq u_ktdr-
Trhmf CAB? sn Bqd_sd _m Nq_bkd®01b®C_s_a_rd 340
S_akd 8-7 chrok_xr hmenql_shnm _ants vg_s hr bnms_hmdc hm sgd sdlok_sd cdmhshnm rgnvm
hm Ehftqd 8-00- Vgdm xnt rbqnkk cnvm+ xnt&kk rdd ltkshokd rdbshnmr nm sgd o_fd- D_bg rdbshnm
ne sgd o_fd fhudr etqsgdq hmenql_shnm _ants sgd sdlok_sd- Enq dw_lokd+ tmcdq sgd Bnllnm
Noshnmr rdbshnm+ xnt vhkk rdd _ khrs ne d_bg ne sgd c_s_a_rd noshnmr sg_s fdsr hmrs_kkdc enq sgd
sdlok_sd cdmhshnm xnt g_ud bgnrdm-
Rdbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
Hmhsh_khy_shnm O_q_ldsdqr Chrok_xr sgd bnllnm hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr _mc sgdhq rdsshmfr
Bgnnrhmf sgd Btrsnl C_s_a_rd sdlok_sd noshnm nm sgd CAB? C_s_a_rd Sdlok_sdr rbqddm
fhudr xnt sgd lnrs dwhahkhsx- Enq nsgdq sdlok_sdr+ sgd c_s_a_rd c_s_ kdr _qd oqdathks vhsg
bdqs_hm Nq_bkd noshnmr- ?krn+ sgd c_s_a_rd aknbj rhyd b_mmns ad bg_mfdc eqnl 7JA- ? Mn
u_ktd hm sgd Hmbktcdr CZsZehkdr bnktlm hm sgd C_s_a_rd Sdlok_sdr rbqddm hmchb_sdr vghbg
sdlok_sdr _qd etkkx btrsnlhy_akd-
?esdq xnt g_ud bgnrdm sgd _ooqnoqh_sd sdlok_sd sn trd+ bkhbj Mdws- Sgd C_s_a_rd
Hcdmshb_shnm rbqddm vhkk _ood_q-
C_s_a_rd Hcdmshehb_shnm
Sgd C_s_a_rd Hcdmshb_shnm rbqddm ’rdd Ehftqd 8-01( _kknvr xnt sn dmsdq sgd fkna_k c_s_a_rd
m_ld _mc Nq_bkd rxrsdl hcdmshb_shnm m_ld ’bnllnmkx qdedqqdc sn _r sgd Nq_bkd RHC(-
Sgd fkna_k c_s_a_rd m_ld hr sgd etkkx pt_khdc m_ld ne sgd c_s_a_rd hm sgd dmsdqoqhrd-
Hs hr bnlonrdc ne _ c_s_a_rd m_ld _mc _ c_s_a_rd cnl_hm+ _mc hs s_jdr sgd enql_s
cZsZaZrd^mZld-cZsZaZrd^cnlZhm…enq dw_lokd+ rZkdr-bnloZmx-bnl-
Hm sghr dw_lokd+ sgd qrs o_qs ne sgd fkna_k c_s_a_rd m_ld+ b01mbca+ hr sgd m_ld ne xntq
c_s_a_rd- Mnql_kkx+ sgd c_s_a_rd cnl_hm hr sgd r_ld _r sgd mdsvnqj cnl_hm vhsghm sgd dmsdq,
oqhrd- ? fkna_k c_s_a_rd m_ld ltrs ad tmhptd vhsghm _ fhudm mdsvnqj cnl_hm- Sgd c_s_a_rd
m_ld b_m ad to sn dhfgs bg_q_bsdqr _mc b_m hmbktcd kdssdqr _mc mtladqr-
Trhmf CAB? sn Bqd_sd _m Nq_bkd®01b®C_s_a_rd 342
Sgd Nq_bkd RHC hr sgd m_ld ne sgd hmrs_mbd _rrnbh_sdc vhsg sgd c_s_a_rd- Trt_kkx+ sghr m_ld
hr sgd r_ld _r sgd c_s_a_rd m_ld- Enq Q?B c_s_a_rdr vgdqd ltkshokd hmrs_mbdr _qd _rrnbh_sdc
vhsg sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgd hmrs_mbd m_ld hr trt_kkx cheedqdms eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd m_ld- Sgd Nq_bkd
RHC b_m ad _ l_whltl ne dhfgs bg_q_bsdqr _mc ltrs ad tmhptd nm sgd rdqudq- Enq dw_lokd+
xnt b_mmns g_ud svn Nq_bkd RHCr b_kkdc OQNC nm _ rhmfkd rdqudq-
Sgd rdbnmc rdbshnm ne sgd C_s_a_rd Hcdmshb_shnm rbqddm hr trdc sn bqd_sd sgd mdv c_s_a_rd
_r _ ltkshsdm_ms bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd- He xnt bgnnrd sghr noshnm+ rodbhex sgd mtladq ne oktff_akd
c_s_a_rdr _mc sgd oktff_akd c_s_a_rd m_ld enq sgd BCA-
L_m_fdldms Noshnmr
?esdq xnt oqnuhcd sgd c_s_a_rd m_ld+ xnt b_m bnmftqd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq sn lnmhsnq
_mc l_m_fd xntq c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd CAB? L_m_fdldms Noshnmr rbqddm ’rdd Ehftqd 8-02(-
Xnt b_m bgnnrd eqnl svn noshnmr9 xnt b_m bdmsq_kkx l_m_fd _kk xntq c_s_a_rdr eqnl _
rhmfkd l_m_fdldms bnmrnkd he sgd L_m_fdldms ?fdms enq Nq_bkd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq Bkntc
Bnmsqnk hr hmrs_kkdc nm sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq+ nq xnt b_m l_m_fd d_bg c_s_a_rd hmchuhct_kkx
trhmf sgd DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr-
He sgd Nq_bkd L_m_fdldms >fdms hr hmrs_kkdc+ sgd CAB? cdsdbsr hsr oqdrdmbd _mc khrsr
sgd m_ld ne sgd _fdms rdquhbd- Xnt b_m rdkdbs sghr m_ld he xnt v_ms sghr dwhrshmf _fdms sn
l_m_fd sghr c_s_a_rd- Xntq mdv c_s_a_rd sgdm adbnldr nmd ne sgd l_m_fdc s_qfdsr enq
sgd dwhrshmf _fdms-
He xnt cnm&s g_ud _m _fdms hmrs_kkdc nq _qd mns cnhmf bdmsq_khydc c_s_a_rd l_m_fdldms+
xnt b_m rshkk trd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq sn lnmhsnq _mc l_hms_hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Bgnnrd sgd
Bnmftqd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq ’DL( C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr bgdbj anw he xnt v_ms sn hmrs_kk
Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq _mc bnmftqd hs knb_kkx-
C_s_a_rd Bqdcdmsh_kr
Xnt trd sgd C_s_a_rd Bqdcdmsh_kr rbqddm ’rdd Ehftqd 8-03( sn bnmftqd o_rrvnqcr enq
sgd u_qhntr _clhmhrsq_shud _bbntmsr sg_s _qd rds to _tsnl_shb_kkx vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd hr
343 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
bnmftqdc- Xnt b_m rdkdbs sgd r_ld o_rrvnqc enq _kk sgd bqhshb_k _bbntmsr+ nq xnt b_m dkdbs
sn g_ud _ cheedqdms o_rrvnqc enq d_bg ne sgd oqdbnmftqdc _bbntmsr- Gnv xnt dkdbs sn rds
xntq o_rrvnqcr l_x cdodmc nm sgd onkhbhdr ne xntq o_qshbtk_q nqf_mhy_shnm- Sxohb_kkx+ sgd
r_ld bqhshb_k o_rrvnqcr _qd rds enq sgdrd _bbntmsr+ _mc sgd _bbntmsr sg_s xnt vnm&s mddc sn
_bbdrr _qd knbjdc-
Sgd RXR trdq nvmr _kk sgd hmsdqm_k Nq_bkd s_akdr sg_s bnmrshstsd sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx-
Mnql_kkx+ xnt rgntkc mns odqenql _mx _bshnmr _r sgd RXR trdq _mc rgntkc dmrtqd sg_s sghr
_bbntms o_rrvnqc hr oqnodqkx oqnsdbsdc- ?krn+ cnm&s l_mt_kkx lnchex sgd tmcdqkxhmf naidbsr
nvmdc ax sgd RXR trdq-
RXRSDL hr _m _clhmhrsq_shud trdq sg_s bnms_hmr _cchshnm_k _clhmhrsq_shud s_akdr _mc
uhdvr- L_mx CA?r trd sghr _bbntms sn _clhmhrsdq sgd c_s_a_rd+ ats hcd_kkx sghr _bbntms
rgntkc _krn ad knbjdc _mc rdbtqdc-
Nmbd xnt g_ud bnlokdsdc sgd C_s_a_rd Bqdcdmsh_kr o_fd+ bkhbj Mdws- Xnt vhkk ad oqdrdmsdc
vhsg sgd Mdsvnqj Bnmftq_shnm rbqddm-
Mdsvnqj Bnmehftq_shnm
Sgd Mdsvnqj Bnmftq_shnm rbqddm ’rgnvm hm Ehftqd 8-04( oqnuhcdr sgd noonqstmhsx sn
cdmd _mc rs_qs _ khrsdmdq+ nq sn _rrnbh_sd sgd mdv c_s_a_rd vhsg _ khrsdmdq-
Bkhbj Mdws sn fn sn sgd Rsnq_fd Knb_shnmr rbqddm-
Trhmf CAB? sn Bqd_sd _m Nq_bkd®01b®C_s_a_rd 344
Rsnq_fd Knb_shnmr
Sgd Rsnq_fd Knb_shnmr rbqddm ’rdd Ehftqd 8-05( hr trdc sn cdmd gnv xnt v_ms sn bnmftqd
sgd chrj rsnq_fd _qd_r trdc ax sgd c_s_a_rd- Xnt g_ud svn bgnhbdr9
Ehkd Rxrsdl
?tsnl_shb Rsnq_fd L_m_fdldms ’?RL(
Kds&r s_jd _ knnj _s sgdrd noshnmr hm lnqd cds_hk-
?RL Rsnq_fd
>tsnl_shb Rsnq_fd L_m_fdldms ’?RL( hr _ sxod ne rsnq_fd ldbg_mhrl _u_hk_akd rhmbd
Nq_bkd 0/f- ?RL hr cdrhfmdc sn qdkhdud sgd atqcdm ne chrj _mc rsnq_fd l_m_fdldms _mc
qdkhdr nm Nq_bkd sn l_hms_hm xntq c_s_a_rd rsnq_fd- Hmrsd_c ne l_m_fhmf l_mx hmchuhct_k
c_s_a_rd kdr+ ?RL _kknvr xnt sn cdmd chrj fqntor enq kd l_m_fdldms-
Trhmf chrj fqntor+ xnt b_m cdmd nmd nq lnqd fqntor ne chrjr _r _ knfhb_k tmhs sg_s Nq_bkd
uhdvr _r _ rhmfkd tmhs ne rsnq_fd- Sghr bnmbdos hr rhlhk_q hm m_stqd sn sgd v_x sg_s rnld nodq,
_shmf rxrsdlr+ hmbktchmf u_qhntr udqrhnmr ne Tmhw+ cdmd unktld fqntor-
Nq_bkd l_m_fdr sgd rsnq_fd cdmhshnmr ne sgd c_s_a_rd vhsghm _ rdbnmc hmrs_mbd trdc
dwbktrhudkx ax ?RL sn jddo sq_bj ne sgd chrjfqnto _kknb_shnmr- Vgdm xnt bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd
_mc rdkdbs sgd ?RL noshnm hm sgd Rsnq_fd Knb_shnmr rbqddm+ _ rdqhdr ne rbqddmr fthcdr xnt
sgqntfg sgd oqnbdrr ne cdmhmf sgd rdbnmc_qx ?RL c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbd- Dudqx rdqudq trhmf
?RL rsnq_fd rgntkc ad shdc sn _m ?RL hmrs_mbd qtmmhmf-
Lnqd _ants ?RL Hmrs_kk _mc chrjr _qd chrbtrrdc hm Bg_osdq 07+ 'Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd
_mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr-– Enq mnv+ bgnnrd Ehkd Rxrsdl nm sgd CAB? Rsnq_fd Knb_shnmr
rbqddm+ _mc rodbhex sgd kd knb_shnmr-
Cdodmchmf nm sgd sxod ne rsnq_fd noshnm xnt bgnnrd+ xnt l_x g_ud lnqd nq edvdq
knb_shnm noshnmr _u_hk_akd- Xnt vhkk ad oqdrdmsdc vhsg sgqdd noshnmr nm sgd C_s_a_rd
Ehkd Knb_shnmr rbqddm9
Trd C_s_a_rd Ehkd Knb_shnmr Eqnl Sdlok_sd
Trd Bnllnm Knb_shnm Enq ?kk C_s_a_rd Ehkdr
Trd Nq_bkd,L_m_fdc Ehkdr
Sgd enkknvhmf _qd cdrbqhoshnmr ne d_bg ne sgdrd noshnmr-
_ btrsnl c_s_a_rd nm sgd C_s_a_rd Sdlok_sdr rbqddm+ xnt vhkk ad oqdrdmsdc vhsg sgd
C_s_a_rd Noshnmr rbqddm rgnvm hm Ehftqd 8-07-
Xnt trd sgd noshnmr nm sghr rbqddm sn rodbhex vghbg Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b bnlonmdmsr
xnt v_ms sn hmrs_kk- S_akd 8-8 cdrbqhadr sgd bnlonmdmsr sg_s b_m ad hmbktcdc _mc bnmftqdc
_tsnl_shb_kkx ax sgd CAB?-
Bnlonmdms Cdrbqhoshnm
Nq_bkd NK?O Oqnuhcdr e_bhkhshdr enq bqd_shmf _mc cdoknxhmf nmkhmd _m_,
kxshb_k oqnbdrrhmf _ookhb_shnmr-
Nq_bkd qdbnlldmcr hmrs_kkhmf sgd rs_mc_qc bnlonmdmsr rtbg _r IUL+ Sdws+ ltkshldch_+
NK?O+ _mc ?ookhb_shnm Dwoqdrr- Xnt b_m ohbj sgd s_akdro_bd enq rsnqhmf sgd bnlonmdms
s_akdr: sgd cde_tks rgnvm ax CAB? hr fnnc sn jddo _r hr-
35 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
xntq c_s_a_rd cdmhshnm- Sgd dw_lokdr rgnvm hm Bg_osdqr 0 sgqntfg 6 lnrskx trdc sgd s_akdr
sg_s adknmfdc sn sgd r_lokd rbgdl_ GQ-
Xnt b_m _krn qtm btrsnl rbqhosr _r o_qs ne sgd c_s_a_rd,bqd_shnm oqnbdrr- Bkhbj sgd
Btrsnl Rbqhosr s_a nm sgd C_s_a_rd Noshnmr rbqddm sn dmsdq sgd m_ldr _mc knb_shnmr ne
sgd btrsnl rbqhosr sg_s xnt v_ms sn qtm _s c_s_a_rd bqd_shnm ’rdd Ehftqd 8-08(-
Enq dw_lokd+ xnt lhfgs v_ms sgd CAB? sn _tsnl_shb_kkx bqd_sd sgd rbgdl_ _mc cdmd
sgd s_akdr sg_s xnt vhkk trd enq sghr c_s_a_rd- Xnt b_m bqd_sd _ rbqhos sg_s odqenqlr _kk sgd
mdbdrr_qx vnqj _mc g_ud sgd CAB? qtm sgd rbqhos _r o_qs ne sgd c_s_a_rd,bqd_shnm oqnbdrr-
Sgd btrsnl rbqhosr _qd qtm trhmf sgd bnll_mc,khmd tshkhsx RPK)Oktr+ rn xnt vhkk g_ud sn
cdmd _ trdq HC _mc o_rrvnqc vhsghm sgd ancx ne sgd rbqhos- Enq dw_lokd+ xntq rbqhos lhfgs
bnms_hm sgd enkknvhmf khmd9
bnmmdbs rnld^trdqhc.rnld^oZrrvnqc
Sghr khmd chqdbsr Nq_bkd sn bnmmdbs sn sgd btqqdms Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd+ vghbg hr cdsdqlhmdc
ax xntq NQ BKD^RHC dmuhqnmldms u_qh_akd trhmf sgd rtookhdc trdq HC _mc o_rrvnqc-
?esdq bnlokdshmf sgd C_s_a_rd Noshnmr rbqddm+ bkhbj Mdws- Xnt vhkk sgdm ad oqdrdmsdc
vhsg sgd Hmhsh_khy_shnm O_q_ldsdqr rbqddm-
351 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Hmhsh_khy_shnm O_q_ldsdqr
Xnt trd sgd Hmhsh_khy_shnm O_q_ldsdqr rbqddm sn cdmd sgd u_qhntr hmhsh_khy_shnm,o_q_ldsdq rds,
shmfr trdc sn bnmftqd rhyd _mc rds to sgd bg_q_bsdqhrshbr ne sgd Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd- Sgd enkknvhmf
entq s_ar _qd b_sdfnqhydc _bbnqchmf sn sgd o_q_ldsdqr trdc sn l_m_fd sgd Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd9
Ldlnqx
Rhyhmf
Bg_q_bsdq Rdsr
Bnmmdbshnm Lncd
Kds&r s_jd _ knnj _s d_bg ne sgdrd s_ar _mc sgd rdsshmfr xnt b_m l_m_fd nm d_bg nmd-
He xnt bgnnrd Sxohb_k Rdsshmfr+ Nq_bkd _kknb_sdr ldlnqx sn sgd u_qhntr bnlonmdmsr
vhsghm sgd Nq_bkd rxrsdl fkna_k _qd_ ’RF?( _mc oqnbdrr fkna_k _qd_ ’OF?(- Sghr ldlnqx
_kknb_shnm hr _tsnl_shb _mc hr _ odqbdms_fd ne sgd nudq_kk ogxrhb_k ldlnqx _u_hk_akd nm sgd
rdqudq- Sgd cde_tks hr 3/ odqbdms ne sgd sns_k ldlnqx _u_hk_akd+ ats xnt b_m bg_mfd sghr
rdsshmf ax rodbhexhmf sgd ldlnqx rhyd nq ax rkhchmf sgd a_q sn sgd _ooqnoqh_sd rhyd- He xnt
bgnnrd sghr rdsshmf+ bkhbj sgd Rgnv Ldlnqx Chrsqhatshnm atssnm sn rdd gnv Nq_bkd vhkk
_kknb_sd sgd ldlnqx adsvddm sgd RF? _mc sgd OF? ’rdd Ehftqd 8-10(-
He xnt bgnnrd sgd Trd ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms noshnm tmcdq Sxohb_k Rdsshmfr+
Nq_bkd vhkk l_m_fd sgd sns_k ldlnqx _tsnl_shb_kkx+ hmbktchmf sgd RF? _mc OF?- Sgd
ldlnqx chrsqhatshnm vhkk rgnv cheedqdmskx+ _r hm Ehftqd 8-11+ he sghr noshnm hr rdkdbsdc-
Trhmf CAB? sn Bqd_sd _m Nq_bkd®01b®C_s_a_rd 352
E H F T Q D–8- 10 Ldlnqx chrsqhatshnm enq RF? _mc OF? enq sgd Sxohb_k Rdsshmfr
He xnt bgnnrd sgd Btrsnl Rdsshmfr noshnm+ xnt vhkk _f_hm g_ud svn noshnmr9
?tsnl_shb Rg_qdc Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms _mc L_mt_k Rg_qdc Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms-
Vhsg ?tsnl_shb Rg_qdc Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms+ xnt rodbhex nmkx sgd RF? rhyd _mc sgd
OF? rhyd- D_bg bnlonmdms hmrhcd sgd RF? hr bnmftqdc _tsnl_shb_kkx ax Nq_bkd- Vhsg
L_mt_k Rg_qdc Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms+ xnt g_ud etkk bnmsqnk nudq gnv ltbg d_bg ne
sgd rodbhb _qd_r ne sgd RF? vhkk s_jd- Sgd l_hm _qd_r sg_s xnt vhkk bnmftqd _qd sgd
rg_qdc onnk+ ateedq b_bgd+ I_u_ onnk+ k_qfd onnk+ _mc OF? rhyd- D_bg rdsshmf l_or sn _
rodbhb Nq_bkd o_q_ldsdq- Ehftqd 8-12 rgnvr sgd noshnmr-
He xnt v_ms sn qduhdv sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr _mc l_jd _mx bg_mfdr+ bkhbj sgd
?kk Hmhsh_khy_shnm O_q_ldsdqr atssnm- Sgd rbqddm rgnvm hm Ehftqd 8-16 cds_hkr sgd a_rhb
o_q_ldsdqr- Eqnl sghr rbqddm+ xnt b_m uhdv.dchs sgd _cu_mbdc o_q_ldsdqr trhmf sgd Rgnv
?cu_mbdc O_q_ldsdqr atssnm- Xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn dchs _ u_ktd nm sghr rbqddm-
?esdq bnlokdshmf sgd Hmhsh_khy_shnm O_q_ldsdqr rbqddm+ bkhbj Mdws- Xnt vhkk sgdm ad
oqdrdmsdc vhsg sgd Bqd_shnm Noshnmr rbqddm-
Bqd_shnm Noshnmr
Sgd Bqd_shnm Noshnmr rbqddm ’rdd Ehftqd 8-17( oqnuhcdr xnt vhsg sgqdd noshnmr+ _mc xnt b_m
bgnnrd _kk sgqdd he mddcdc-
Bqd_sd C_s_a_rd Trd sghr noshnm sn g_ud sgd CAB? bqd_sd xntq c_s_a_rd-
R_ud _r _ C_s_a_rd Sdlok_sd Xnt b_m dkdbs sn r_ud xntq c_s_a_rd cdmhshnm sn _ sdlok_sd
_mc bqd_sd sgd c_s_a_rd _s _ k_sdq shld+ nq xnt b_m g_ud sgd CAB? bqd_sd sgd sdlok_sd _knmf
vhsg bqd_shmf sgd c_s_a_rd-
Fdmdq_sd C_s_a_rd Bqd_shnm Rbqhosr Sghr noshnm vhkk fdmdq_sd rbqhosr enq xnt sn bqd_sd sgd
c_s_a_rd _s _ k_sdq shld vhsgnts trhmf sgd CAB?-
He xnt dkdbs sn bqd_sd xntq c_s_a_rd+ sgd CAB? trdr sgd hmenql_shnm xnt oqnuhcdc hm
sgd oqduhntr rbqddmr sn bqd_sd _kk sgd mdbdrr_qx bnlonmdmsr ne xntq c_s_a_rd+ onotk_sdr sgd
c_s_a_rd vhsg r_lokd rbgdl_r he sgdx vdqd bgnrdm+ rs_qsr xntq c_s_a_rd+ _mc fdsr sgd c_s_,
a_rd qd_cx enq trd-
36 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Nmbd xnt bkhbj Ehmhrg sn rs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd,bqd_shnm oqnbdrr+ Nq_bkd bqd_sdr sgd c_s_,
a_rd xnt rodbhdc- Hs rs_qsr sgd hmrs_mbd+ bqd_sdr _kk sgd mdbdrr_qx c_s_a_rd bnlonmdmsr+
_mc bnmftqdr _kk sgd c_s_a_rd noshnmr xnt rodbhdc- He xnt bgnrd sn bqd_sd rbqhosr+ CAB?
chrok_xr sgd knb_shnm ne sgd rbqhosr- Cdodmchmf nm sgd rhyd ne c_s_a_rd xnt bqd_sd _mc gnv
l_mx noshnmr xnt _qd hmrs_kkhmf+ sgd oqnbdrr b_m s_jd _mxvgdqd eqnl rdudq_k lhmtsdr sn _m
gntq nq lnqd-
Ctqhmf sgd c_s_a_rd bqd_shnm+ sgd rtll_qx oqnfqdrr hr chrok_xdc- Svn atssnmr hm
sghr rbqddm _qd trdetk enq uhdvhmf lnqd hmenql_shnm9 ?bshuhsx Knf _mc ?kdqs Knf- Bkhbj
nm sgd ?bshuhsx Knf sn uhdv cds_hkdc hmenql_shnm _ants sgd rsdor sg_s _qd dwdbtshmf-
Bkhbj nm sgd ?kdqs Knf atssnm sn uhdv sgd c_s_a_rd _kdqs knf kd- Ehftqd 8-21 rgnvr sgd
Oqnfqdrr O_fd vhsg _kdqs knf ono,to chrok_xhmf hmenql_shnm-
?esdq sgd c_s_a_rd hr bqd_sdc+ CAB? chrok_xr _ rtll_qx rbqddm+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 8-22-
Mnsd sgd hmenql_shnm nm sghr rbqddm+ drodbh_kkx sgd TQK sn hmunjd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq
C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr _mc sgd rdqudq o_q_ldsdq kd knb_shnm-
Trhmf CAB? sn Bqd_sd _m Nq_bkd®01b®C_s_a_rd 360
Nm sghr rbqddm+ xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn l_m_fd o_rrvnqcr ’bkhbj O_rrvnqc L_m_fdldms(-
Ax cde_tks+ _kk sgd _bbntmsr dwbdos RXR+ RXRSDL _qd knbjdc- Xnt b_m bg_mfd sgd o_rrvnqc
_mc tmknbj rdkdbshud _bbntmsr-
Vgdm sgd bqd_shnm oqnbdrr hr bnlokdsd+ bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd vhsg nmd ne sgd snnkr rtbg
_r RPK)Oktr nq Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq sn udqhex sg_s _kk sgd c_s_a_rd noshnmr _mc bnlonmdmsr
vdqd hmrs_kkdc oqnodqkx- Knffhmf hmsn Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq vhkk fhud xnt _m nudquhdv ne sgd
mdv c_s_a_rd- Ax trhmf sgd TQK rodbhdc hm Ehftqd 8-22+ xnt b_m hmunjd sgd DL C_s_a_rd
Dwoqdrr gnld o_fd-
D W D Q B H R D 8 -0
Sn cn rn+ “qrs bnmmdbs sn RPK)Oktr _r _m _clhmhrsq_snq vgn g_r sgd _ahkhsx sn rs_qs to sgd
c_s_a_rd”sg_s hr+ _m _clhmhrsq_snq vhsg dhsgdq sgd RXRNODQ nq sgd RXRCA oqhuhkdfd-
Gdqd%r _m dw_lokd9
Nmbd xnt _qd bnmmdbsdc+ xnt mddc sn ots sgd c_s_a_rd hm LNTMS QDRSQHBS lncd- Hrrtd
sgd enkknvhmf bnll_mc he sgd c_s_a_rd hr mns qtmmhmf9
Cqno cZsZaZrd:
Sghr bnll_mc rgtsr cnvm sgd hmrs_mbd _mc cdkdsdr _kk sgd “kdr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg sgd
c_s_a_rd+ hmbktchmf sgd rdqudq o_q_ldsdq “kd- Xnt l_x g_ud sn qdlnud _mx _qbghudc knfr
eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd _qbghud _qd_ trhmf sgd _ooqnoqh_sd nodq_shmf,rxrsdl bnll_mc-
Xnt g_ud sgqdd bgnhbdr enq bqd_shmf sdlok_sdr- S_akd 8-0/ rtll_qhydr xntq noshnmr-
S? A K D – 8 -0 . Sdlok_sd,Bqd_shnm Noshnmr
Rdkdbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
Rdkdbshnm Cdrbqhoshnm
Cdodmchmf nm sgd noshnm rdkdbsdc+ xnt vhkk ad oqdrdmsdc vhsg _ rds ne enqlr sn r_ud xntq
sdlok_sd cdmhshnm- He xnt dkdbs sn bqd_sd _ sdlok_sd eqnl _m dwhrshmf c_s_a_rd+ xnt vhkk g_ud
sn bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd rn sg_s sgd CAB? b_m nas_hm hmenql_shnm _ants sgd c_s_a_rd-
Xnt ltrs bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd _r _ trdq vgn g_r CA? bqdcdmsh_kr sn odqenql sghr s_rj-
He xnt _qd bnoxhmf _ cdmhshnm eqnl _m dwhrshmf sdlok_sd+ xnt b_m bnmftqd sgd sdlok_sd
ax enkknvhmf _ rdqhdr ne rbqddmr sg_s _qd rhlhk_q sn sgnrd trdc sn bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd- Sgdrd
rbqddmr _kknv xnt sn bnmftqd sgd u_qhntr _rodbsr ne sgd sdlok_sd+ hmbktchmf hmhsh_khy_shnm
o_q_ldsdqr _mc c_s_ kd _mc qdcn knf knb_shnmr-
CA ^S AKDR Rgnvr sgd m_ldr _mc ogxrhb_k rsnq_fd hmenql_shnm _ants _kk sgd
s_akdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd
bqd_sdc nm sno ne sgd cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd s_akdr rn sg_s hmenql_shnm hr fqntodc adssdq _mc
m_ldr _qd hm _ trdq,eqhdmckx enql_s- Sgd cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdvr _qd rnldshldr b_kkdc
wdc uhdvr+ adb_trd sgdx b_mmns ad _ksdqdc nq qdlnudc ax sgd c_s_a_rd _clhmhrsq_snq-
Sgd cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd s_akdr adfhm vhsg W#- Sgd cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdv m_ldr
adfhm vhsg U^#- Otakhb rxmnmxlr _qd bqd_sdc enq sgdrd uhdvr+ _mc sgdx adfhm vhsg U#-
Enq dw_lokd+ sgd cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdv vhsg c_s_ kd hmenql_shnm hr u^#cZsZehkd+
vgdqd_r sgd otakhb rxmnmxl hr u#cZsZehkd-
Cdodmchmf nm vghbg ed_stqdr _qd hmrs_kkdc _mc bnmftqdc+ _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd b_m bnm,
s_hm nudq 6// cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdvr- Lnrs ne sgdrd uhdvr g_ud m_ldr sg_s adfhm vhsg
U#- S_akd 8-01 cdrbqhadr _ edv ne sgdrd cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdvr-
?ksgntfg sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgd CA ^ _mc U# lds_c_s_ uhdvr _qd rhlhk_q+ sgdqd _qd rnld
hlonqs_ms cheedqdmbdr adsvddm sgd svn sxodr- S_akd 8-02 bnlo_qdr sgdrd svn sxodr-
Sgd CA ^ uhdvr trt_kkx g_ud oktq_k m_ldr Sgd m_ldr ne sgd U# uhdvr _qd fdmdq_kkx
’enq dw_lokd+ CA ^C S ^EHKDR(- rhmftk_q ’enq dw_lokd+ U#C S EHKD(-
Sgd CA ^ uhdvr _qd _u_hk_akd nmkx vgdm sgd Rnld U# uhdvr _qd _u_hk_akd dudm vgdm sgd
c_s_a_rd hr nodm _mc qtmmhmf- c_s_a_rd hr mns etkkx nodm _mc qtmmhmf-
Sgd c_s_ bnms_hmdc hm sgd CA ^ uhdvr hr Sgd U# uhdvr bnms_hm cxm_lhb rs_shrshb_k
rs_shb _mc hr mns bkd_qdc vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd c_s_ sg_s hr knrs d_bg shld sgd c_s_a_rd hr
hr rgts cnvm- rgts cnvm-
37 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Oehkd Roehkd
Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd qd_cr nmkx eqnl oehkd- Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd qd_cr _mc vqhsdr sn sgd roehkd-
B_m ad bqd_sdc eqnl _m roehkd trhmf sgd B_m ad bqd_sdc eqnl _ oehkd trhmf sgd bqdZsd
bqdZsd oehkd eqnl roehkd bnll_mc- roehkd eqnl oehkd bnll_mc-
Xnt b_m rodbhex lnqd sg_m 254 cnbtldmsdc bnmftq_shnm o_q_ldsdqr hm sgd okd
nq rokd- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b chuhcdr sgdrd o_q_ldsdqr hmsn svn b_sdfnqhdr9 a_rhb _mc
_cu_mbdc- Nq_bkd qdbnlldmcr xnt rds nmkx sgd a_rhb hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr l_mt_kkx-
Nq_bkd _krn qdbnlldmcr xnt cn mns lnchex sgd qdl_hmhmf o_q_ldsdqr tmkdrr chqdbsdc sn
cn rn ax Nq_bkd Rtoonqs nq sn ldds sgd rodbhb mddcr ne xntq _ookhb_shnm-
Lnrs o_q_ldsdqr b_m ad lnchdc cxm_lhb_kkx+ ld_mhmf _ c_s_a_rd qdrs_qs hr mns
qdpthqdc enq sgd mdv u_ktd sn s_jd deedbs- Ats bdqs_hm o_q_ldsdq u_ktd bg_mfdr qdpthqd _
c_s_a_rd qdrs_qs- S_akd 8-04 cdrbqhadr sgd a_rhb hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr- ? 'Xdr– hm sgd
RsZshb bnktlm hmchb_sdr sg_s sgd o_q_ldsdq hr rs_shb _mc b_mmns ad lnchdc cxm_lhb_kkx
vhsgnts _ c_s_a_rd qdrs_qs-
BNLO SHAKD Xdr Rodbhehdr sgd qdkd_rd kdudk _mc ed_stqd rds xnt v_ms sn
ad _bshud hm sgd hmrs_mbd-
CA^BQD SD^NMKHMD^ Mn Rodbhehdr sgd knb_shnm’r( vgdqd sgd c_s_a_rd qdcn knf
KNF^CDRS^m ehkdr vhkk ad bqd_sdc he sgd Nq_bkd,L_m_fdc Ehkdr ed_stqd
hr trdc-
L_m_fhmf Hmhsh_khy_shnm,O_q_ldsdq Ehkdr 370
KNF^ QBGHUD^CDRS^ Mn Hmchb_sdr gnv sgd rodbhehdc knb_shnmr rgntkc ad trdc enq
RS SD^m knf _qbghuhmf-
OF ^ FFQDF SD^ Mn Drs_akhrgdr sgd nudq_kk _lntms ne ldlnqx sg_s _kk OF?
S QFDS oqnbdrrdr _qd _kknvdc sn bnmrtld-
)-ca^qdbnudqx^ehkd^cdrs<£.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.eZrs^qdbnudqx^ZqdZ£
)-ca^qdbnudqx^ehkd^cdrs^rhyd<00f
)-chZfmnrshb^cdrs<£.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd£
)-chroZsbgdqr<£&OQNSNBNK<SBO( &RDQUHBD<b01mca0WCA(£
)-knbZk^khrsdmdq<£KHRSDMDQ^B01MCA0£
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)-qdlnsd^knfhm^oZrrvnqcehkd<£DWBKTRHUD£
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Hm sghr r_lokd okd+ sgd rhydr ne sgd rg_qdc onnk+ c_s_a_rd ateedq b_bgd+ k_qfd onnk+ _mc
I_u_ onnk _qd mns hmchuhct_kkx rodbhdc- Hmrsd_c+ Nq_bkd&r ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms
ed_stqdr _kknv xnt sn rhlokx rds nmd bnmftq_shnm o_q_ldsdq… LDLNQX^S QFDS…sn drs_a,
khrg sgd sns_k _lntms ne ldlnqx _kknb_sdc sn sgd RF? _mc OF?- Sghr o_q_ldsdq hr chr,
btrrdc hm Bg_osdq 03-
Nm oqnctbshnm c_s_a_rdr+ he xntq Nq_bkd khbdmrd hr a_rdc nm sgd mtladq ne m_ldc trdqr+
xnt b_m dmenqbd sgd khbdmrd bnlokh_mbd ax rdsshmf sgd KHBDMRD^L W^TRDQR o_q_ldsdq- Sgd
cde_tks enq sghr o_q_ldsdq hr /+ vghbg ld_mr xnt b_m bqd_sd _mx mtladq ne trdqr hm sgd
c_s_a_rd _mc sgd khbdmrd bnlokh_mbd hr mns dmenqbdc-
Xnt%ud itrs qd_c _ odqenql_mbd,stmhmf sho onrsdc sn sgd Nq_bkd mdvrfqnto _s bnlo
-cZsZaZrdr-nqZbkd-rdqudq- Sgd odqrnm onrshmf sgd sho rtffdrsr rdsshmf sgd tmcnbt,
ldmsdc o“kd o_q_ldsdq ^noshlhydq^cxm^rlo^akjr sn _ u_ktd ne 1// hm nqcdq sn “w _m hrrtd-
Rgntkc xnt hlokdldms sghr rtffdrshnm _r _ oqdb_tshnm nq dudm he xnt rdd _ rhlhk_q hrrtd>
Lnqd sg_m 1+8// tmcnbtldmsdc bnm“ftq_shnm o_q_ldsdqr _qd _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
01b- Tmcnbtldmsdc bnm“ftq_shnm o_q_ldsdqr _qd chrshmfthrgdc eqnl sgdhq cnbtldmsdc
bntmsdqo_qsr ax sgd tmcdqrbnqd sg_s oqdbdcdr sgdhq m_ld+ _r vhsg sgd o_q_ldsdq cdrbqhadc
hm sgd mdvrfqnto onrshmf-
Xnt l_x trd sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx knffdc hm _r RXRCA sn uhdv _kk tmcnbtldmsdc o_q_ldsdqr
hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Nmd dwbdoshnm sn sghr qdbnlldmc_shnm hr vgdm xnt _qd chqdbsdc sn trd _m tmcnbtldmsdc
bnm“ftq_shnm o_q_ldsdq ax Nq_bkd Rtoonqs nq _m _ookhb_shnm udmcnq- Nq_bkd Rtoonqs nbb_,
rhnm_kkx trdr sgdrd o_q_ldsdqr sn dmg_mbd sgd fdmdq_shnm ne cdatf hmenql_shnm nq sn vnqj
_qntmc _ atf hm sgd jdqmdk bncd nq sn dmg_mbd sgd odqenql_mbd ne bdqs_hm bncd-
Bdqs_hm o_q_ldsdqr hm sgd ro“kd adfhm vhsg _ cntakd tmcdqrbnqd- Sgdrd _qd cxm_lhb
_qd_r l_m_fdc ax Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb ed_stqdr _mc _qd trdc _r rs_qshmf rhydr vgdm xnt
qdrs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd9
ROEhkd S_a He xnt _qd trhmf _ rdqudq o_q_ldsdq kd+ xnt vhkk rdd sgd ROEhkd s_a- Sghr
s_a _krn kdsr xnt bg_mfd dwhrshmf c_s_a_rd o_q_ldsdqr- Sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm bg_mfhmf
o_q_ldsdqr nm sghr s_a _mc bg_mfhmf o_q_ldsdqr nm sgd Btqqdms s_a hr sg_s bg_mfdr sn sgd
rokd _qd odqrhrsdms _bqnrr c_s_a_rd rs_qstor _mc rgtscnvmr adb_trd sgd bg_mfdr _qd r_udc
sn sgd rokd cdmhshnm- Xnt b_m _krn _ookx xntq bg_mfdr sn sgd rokd nmkx nq sn sgd rokd
_mc sgd btqqdmskx qtmmhmf hmrs_mbd- Bkhbj nm Rds sn lnchex sgd o_q_ldsdq u_ktdr- Sgd RPK
bncd trdc enq rds hr Zksdq rxrsdl rds !;oZqZldsdq=!<;uZktd= rbnod<roehkd rhc<£)£-
Bkhbj nm Qdrds sn qdlnud sgd o_q_ldsdq eqnl ROEhkd _mc g_ud hs cde_tks- Sgd RPK trdc enq
qdrds hr Zksdq rxrsdl qdrds !;oZqZldsdq=! rbnod<roehkd rhc<£)£-
U!O?Q?LDSDQ
Sgd U#O Q LDSDQ uhdv rgnvr hmenql_shnm _ants sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr sg_s _qd
btqqdmskx hm deedbs- Sghr uhdv g_r rdudq_k trdetk bnktlmr- S_akd 8-05 khrsr rnld ne sgd
bnktlmr hm U#O Q LDSDQ _mc gnv sgdx b_m ad trdc hm ptdqhdr-
L_m_fhmf Hmhsh_khy_shnm,O_q_ldsdq Ehkdr 376
CHROK X^U KTD Sghr rodbhehdr sgd btqqdms u_ktd hm _ lnqd trdq,eqhdmckx enql_s-
HRCDE TKS E KRD hmchb_sdr sg_s sgd o_q_ldsdq v_r rodbhehdc hm sgd oehkd nq
roehkd ctqhmf hmrs_mbd rs_qsto-
HRLNCHEHDC E KRD hmchb_sdr sg_s sgd o_q_ldsdq g_r mns addm lnchehdc rhmbd
sgd hmrs_mbd rs_qsdc-
HRRDR^LNCHEH AKD SQTD hmchb_sdr sg_s sgd o_q_ldsdq b_m ad lnchehdc trhmf _m KSDQ
RDRRHNM rs_sdldms-
HRRXR^LNCHEH AKD E KRD hmchb_sdr sg_s sgd o_q_ldsdq b_mmns ad lnchehdc trhmf _m
KSDQ RXRSDL rs_sdldms- Rtbg o_q_ldsdqr b_m ad bg_mfdc nmkx
trhmf sgd RBNOD<ROEHKD bk_trd-
U!ROO?Q?LDSDQ
Sgd U#ROO Q LDSDQ uhdv rgnvr sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgd rokd trdc sn rs_qs sgd hmrs_mbd- ? SQTD
u_ktd enq sgd HRRODBHEHDC bnktlm rgnvr vgdsgdq sgd o_q_ldsdq v_r rodbhdc hm sgd rokd-
He _ okd v_r trdc sn rs_qs sgd hmrs_mbd+ _kk sgd qnvr vhkk g_ud E KRD enq sgd HRRODBHEHDC
bnktlm- Rnldshldr+ ptdqxhmf sgd U#ROO Q LDSDQ b_m oqnctbd qd_c_akd ntsots enq o_q_l,
dsdqr sg_s s_jd ltkshokd u_ktdr-
M LD U KTD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
bnmsqnk^ehkdr .t/1.nqZcZsZ.b01mca0.bnmsqnk/0-bsk+ .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.eZrs
^qdbnudqx^ZqdZ.b01mca0.bnmsqnk/1-bsk
M LD U KTD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
bnmsqnk^ehkdr .t/1.nqZcZsZ.b01mca0.bnmsqnk/0-bsk
bnmsqnk^ehkdr .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.eZrs^qdbnudqx^ZqdZ.b01mca0.bnmsqnk/1-bsk
RPK=
Xnt b_m trd sgd KSDQ RDRRHNM rs_sdldms sn bg_mfd sgd u_ktd ne _ o_q_ldsdq hm sgd
btqqdms rdrrhnm- Enq dw_lokd+ he xnt v_ms sn bg_mfd sgd cde_tks c_sd,chrok_x enql_s enq
sgd rdrrhnm nmkx+ trd sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms9
Rdrrhnm Zksdqdc-
RPK=
Xnt b_m trd sgd KSDQ RXRSDL rs_sdldms sn bg_mfd sgd u_ktd ne _ o_q_ldsdq rxrsdl,vhcd
nq hm sgd rokd+ nq ansg- Xnt trd sgd RBNOD bk_trd sn cdmd vgdqd xnt v_ms sn bg_mfd sgd
o_q_ldsdq u_ktd9 LDLNQX+ ROEHKD+ _mc ANSG _qd sgd u_khc u_ktdr enq sgd RBNOD bk_trd-
? u_ktd ne CDEDQQDC nq HLLDCH SD hm sgd HRRXR^LNCHEH AKD bnktlm rgnvr sg_s sgd o_q_l,
dsdq b_m ad cxm_lhb_kkx bg_mfdc trhmf KSDQ RXRSDL- Sgd CDEDQQDC u_ktd hmchb_sdr sg_s sgd
bg_mfd xnt l_jd cndr mns s_jd deedbs tmshk _ mdv rdrrhnm hr rs_qsdc: sgd dwhrshmf rdrrhnmr vhkk
trd sgd btqqdms u_ktd- HLLDCH SD hmchb_sdr sg_s _r rnnm _r xnt bg_mfd sgd u_ktd ne sgd o_q_ld,
sdq+ hs hr _u_hk_akd sn _kk rdrrhnmr hm sgd hmrs_mbd- ? rdrrhnm hr _ ina nq s_rj sg_s Nq_bkd l_m_fdr-
Vgdm xnt knf hm sn sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf RPK)Oktr nq _mx nsgdq snnk+ xnt rs_qs _ rdrrhnm-
He xnt v_ms sn bg_mfd _ o_q_ldsdq u_ktd enq sgd btqqdms hmrs_mbd ats cn mns v_ms sgd
bg_mfd sn odqrhrs _bqnrr c_s_a_rd rgtscnvmr+ xnt b_m rodbhex RBNOD<LDLNQX+ _r hm sgd enk,
knvhmf dw_lokd9
Rxrsdl Zksdqdc-
RPK=
L_m_fhmf Hmhsh_khy_shnm,O_q_ldsdq Ehkdr 378
Rnld o_q_ldsdqr u_ktdr b_m ad rds nmkx _s hmrs_mbd rs_qsto: sgdx _qd mns lnch_akd
vgdm sgd hmrs_mbd hr qtmmhmf- Rtbg o_q_ldsdq bg_mfdr b_m ad l_cd vhsg sgd RBNOD<ROEHKD
bk_trd- Nq_bkd vhkk l_jd sgd bg_mfd nmkx sn sgd rokd+ vghbg s_jdr deedbs _esdq xnt qdrs_qs
sgd c_s_a_rd9
Rxrsdl Zksdqdc-
RPK=
Trt_kkx vgdm xnt l_jd _ o_q_ldsdq bg_mfd+ xnt v_ms hs sn s_jd deedbs hlldch_sdkx hm
ldlnqx _r vdkk _r odqrhrs sgd bg_mfd _bqnrr c_s_a_rd rgtscnvmr- Xnt b_m trd sgd RBNOD<ANSG
bk_trd+ vghbg hr sgd cde_tks+ enq sghr otqonrd- Rn he xnt nlhs sgd RBNOD bk_trd+ Nq_bkd vhkk
l_jd bg_mfdr sn sgd ldlnqx _mc sn sgd rokd- He _ okd hr trdc sn rs_qs sgd hmrs_mbd+ sgd
bg_mfd vhkk ad hm ldlnqx nmkx enq sgd btqqdms qtmmhmf hmrs_mbd-
Rxrsdl Zksdqdc-
RPK=
Xnt b_m trd sgd RPK)Oktr bnll_mc RGNV O Q LDSDQ sn uhdv sgd btqqdms u_ktd ne _m
hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq- Xnt b_m rodbhex sgd etkk o_q_ldsdq m_ld nq o_qs ne sgd m_ld- Enq
dw_lokd+ sn uhdv _kk sgd o_q_ldsdqr qdk_sdc sn tmcn+ xnt b_m cn sgd enkknvhmf- Sgd qrs nmd
’RGNV O Q LDSDQ( rgnvr o_q_ldsdqr _r hm ldlnqx+ _mc sgd rdbnmc nmd ’RGNV ROO Q LDSDQ(
rgnvr o_q_ldsdqr cdmdc hm sgd ROEhkd-
S_akd 8-06 rgnvr rnld dw_lokdr ne rs_qsto bnll_mcr sg_s xnt b_m trd eqnl vhsghm
RPK)Oktr- Sgd PTHDS noshnm rtooqdrrdr sgd RF? hmenql_shnm ctqhmf rs_qsto-
Bnll_mc Cdrbqhoshnm
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne gnv xnt b_m trd sgd RS QSTO ENQBD bnll_mc vhsg _ mnmcde_tks
o_q_ldsdq kd sn rs_qs _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd trhmf RPK)Oktr9
# rpkoktr . Zr rxrcaZ
Adb_trd Nq_bkd v_hsr tmshk _kk trdqr _qd chrbnmmdbsdc adenqd rgtsshmf cnvm+ xnt b_m mc xntq,
rdke v_hshmf hmcdmhsdkx enq _ bkhdms vgn l_x ad bnmmdbsdc ats hr mn knmfdq cnhmf _mx vnqj nq
vgn l_x g_ud kdes enq sgd c_x- Sghr b_m qdpthqd dwsq_ vnqj+ hcdmshexhmf vghbg bnmmdbshnmr _qd
rshkk _bshud _mc dhsgdq mnshexhmf sgd trdqr sn chrbnmmdbs nq enqbhmf sgd bkhdms chrbnmmdbshnmr ax
jhkkhmf sgdhq rdrrhnmr- Sghr sxod ne rgtscnvm hr _krn jmnvm _r _ bkd_m rgtscnvm adb_trd vgdm
xnt rs_qs Nq_bkd _f_hm+ mn qdbnudqx hr mdbdrr_qx-
RGTSCNVM SQ MR BSHNM K ? sq_mr_bshnm_k rgtscnvm ne sgd c_s_a_rd hr _ ahs lnqd
_ffqdrrhud sg_m _ mnql_k rgtscnvm- Sgd bg_q_bsdqhrshbr ne sgd sq_mr_bshnm_k rgtscnvm
_qd _r enkknvr9
Mn mdv Nq_bkd bnmmdbshnmr _qd _kknvdc eqnl sgd shld sgd RGTSCNVM SQ MR BSHNM K
bnll_mc hr hrrtdc-
Mn mdv sq_mr_bshnmr _qd _kknvdc sn rs_qs eqnl sgd shld sgd RGTSCNVM SQ MR BSHNM K
bnll_mc hr hrrtdc-
Nmbd _kk _bshud sq_mr_bshnmr nm sgd c_s_a_rd g_ud bnlokdsdc+ _kk bkhdms bnmmdbshnmr
_qd chrbnmmdbsdc-
? sq_mr_bshnm_k rgtscnvm cndr _kknv bkhdms oqnbdrrdr sn bnlokdsd oqhnq sn sgd chrbnmmdbshnm-
Sghr b_m oqdudms _ bkhdms eqnl knrhmf vnqj _mc b_m ad u_kt_akd drodbh_kkx he sgd c_s_a_rd g_r
knmf,qtmmhmf sq_mr_bshnmr sg_s mddc sn ad bnlokdsdc oqhnq sn rgtscnvm- Sghr sxod ne rgts,
cnvm hr _krn _ bkd_m rgtscnvm _mc cndr mns qdpthqd _mx qdbnudqx nm _ rtardptdms rs_qsto-
RGTSCNVM HLLDCH SD Sgd hlldch_sd rgtscnvm ldsgnc hr sgd mdws lnrs _ffqdrrhud noshnm-
?m hlldch_sd rgtscnvm hr bg_q_bsdqhydc _r enkknvr9
Mn mdv Nq_bkd bnmmdbshnmr _qd _kknvdc eqnl sgd shld sgd RGTSCNVM HLLDCH SD
bnll_mc hr hrrtdc-
?mx tmbnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr _qd qnkkdc a_bj- Sgdqdenqd+ _ trdq hm sgd lhcckd ne _
sq_mr_bshnm vhkk knrd _kk sgd tmbnllhssdc vnqj-
Nq_bkd cndr mns v_hs enq bkhdmsr sn chrbnmmdbs- ?mx tmehmhrgdc sq_mr_bshnmr _qd
qnkkdc a_bj+ _mc sgdhq c_s_a_rd bnmmdbshnmr _qd sdqlhm_sdc-
385 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Sghr sxod ne rgtscnvm vnqjr vdkk he xnt v_ms sn odqenql tm_ssdmcdc nq rbqhosdc rgtscnvmr
ne sgd c_s_a_rd _mc xnt mddc sn dmrtqd sg_s sgd c_s_a_rd vhkk rgts cnvm vhsgnts fdsshmf gtmf
to ctqhmf sgd oqnbdrr ax bkhdmsr vgn _qd bnmmdbsdc- Dudm sgntfg Nq_bkd hr enqbhmf sq_mr_b,
shnmr sn qnkk a_bj _mc chrbnmmdbshmf trdqr+ _m hlldch_sd rgtscnvm hr rshkk _ bkd_m rgtscnvm-
Mn qdbnudqx _bshuhsx s_jdr ok_bd vgdm Nq_bkd hr rtardptdmskx qdrs_qsdc-
RGTSCNVM ANQS ? rgtscnvm _anqs hr sgd lnrs _ffqdrrhud sxod ne rgtscnvm _mc g_r sgd
enkknvhmf bg_q_bsdqhrshbr9
Mn mdv Nq_bkd bnmmdbshnmr _qd _kknvdc eqnl sgd shld sgd RGTSCNVM ANQS
bnll_mc hr hrrtdc-
?mx RPK rs_sdldmsr btqqdmskx hm oqnfqdrr _qd sdqlhm_sdc+ qdf_qckdrr ne sgdhq rs_sd-
Tmbnllhssdc vnqj hr mns qnkkdc a_bj-
Nq_bkd chrbnmmdbsr _kk bkhdms bnmmdbshnmr hlldch_sdkx tonm sgd hrrt_mbd ne sgd
RGTSCNVM ANQS bnll_mc-
Cn mns trd RGTSCNVM ANQS qdftk_qkx- Trd hs nmkx he sgd nsgdq noshnmr enq c_s_a_rd rgtscnvm
e_hk nq he xnt _qd dwodqhdmbhmf rnld sxod ne c_s_a_rd oqnakdl sg_s hr oqdudmshmf Nq_bkd eqnl
odqenqlhmf _ bkd_m rgtscnvm- Sghr sxod ne rgtscnvm hr mns _ bkd_m rgtscnvm _mc qdpthqdr
hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd hr rtardptdmskx rs_qsdc- Hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx hr odqenqldc
_tsnl_shb_kkx vgdm xnt cn sgd rs_qsto…mn l_mt_k hmsdqudmshnm qdpthqdc- Ctqhmf hmrs_mbd
qdbnudqx sgd tmbnllhssdc bg_mfdr _qd qnkkdc a_bj eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd+ _mc bnllhssdc bg_mfdr
_qd vqhssdm sn sgd c_s_ kdr- Nq_bkd trdr sgd qdcn knf kdr _mc tmcn rdfldmsr sn bnmrsqtbs sgd
hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx hmenql_shnm-
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne gnv sn trd sgd RGTSCNVM HLLDCH SD bnll_mc sn rgts cnvm _m
Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd trhmf RPK)Oktr9
# rpkoktr . Zr rxrcaZ
Bnmmdbsdc sn9
NqZbkd CZsZaZrd 01b Dmsdqoqhrd Dchshnm QdkdZrd 01-0-/-0-/ , 53ahs Oqnctbshnm
Vhsg sgd OZqshshnmhmf+ NK O+ cuZmbdc mZkxshbr Zmc QdZk ookhbZshnm Sdrshmf
noshnmr
RPK=
387 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Sghr dwbdqos rgnvr _ rtbbdrretk rs_qsto ne _ c_s_a_rd- Mnshbd sgd rdbshnm sg_s khrsr sgd
hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr qd_c eqnl sgd o_q_ldsdq kd- Xnt b_m _krn rdd sg_s Nq_bkd hr rs_qs,
hmf chro_sbgdq oqnbdrrdr+ vghbg hmchb_sdr sg_s Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq hr qtmmhmf-
Sgd o_q_ldsdq sg_s fnudqmr sgd knb_shnm ne sgd _kdqs knf hr CH FMNRSHB^CDRS- Sghr
o_q_ldsdq hr rds sn _ o_sg sg_s cdrhfm_sdr vgdqd Nq_bkd rgntkc ok_bd sgd knf- Sgd cde_tks
u_ktd enq CH FMNRSHB^CDRS hr sgd NQ BKD^A RD dmuhqnmldms u_ktd+ he rds vgdm rs_qshmf
sgd c_s_a_rd- He NQ BKD^A RD hr mns rds+ CH FMNRSHB^CDRS vhkk cde_tks sn sgd chqdbsnqx ne
NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.knf-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b rtoonqsr svn sxodr ne _kdqs knf kdr- Sgd WLK udqrhnm ne sgd kd
hr knb_sdc hm sgd CH FMNRSHB^CDRS.qcalr.camZld.hmrsZmbdmZld.Zkdqs chqdbsnqx- Sgd
sdws kd hr hm sgd CH FMNRSHB^CDRS.qcalr.camZld.hmrsZmbdmZld.sqZbd chqdbsnqx-
Sgd _kdqs knf kd hr _kv_xr m_ldc Zkdqs^;hmrsZmbdmZld=-knf- Enq dw_lokd+ sgd _kdqs
knf kdm_ld enq sgd b01mca0 c_s_a_rd vntkc ad Zkdqs^b01mca0-knf-
Sgd chbshnm_qx uhdv U#CH F^HMEN rgnvr sgd dw_bs knb_shnm ne sgd _kdqs knf kd enq sgd
hmrs_mbd- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd eqnl sgd b01mca0 c_s_a_rd qtmmhmf nm _ Khmtw rdqudq9
M LD U KTD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
ChZf DmZakdc SQTD
CQ AZrd .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd
CQ Gnld .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.b01mca0.b01mca0
ChZf SqZbd .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.b01mca0.b01mca0.sqZbd
ChZf kdqs .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.b01mca0.b01mca0.Zkdqs
ChZf Hmbhcdms .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.b01mca0.b01mca0.hmbhcdms
ChZf Bctlo .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.b01mca0.b01mca0.bctlo
GdZksg Lnmhsnq .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.b01mca0.b01mca0.gl
CdeZtks SqZbd Ehkd .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.b01mca0.b01mca0.sqZbd.b01mca
0^nqZ^1822/-sqb
Sgd CQ AZrd u_ktd hr sgd chqdbsnqx rodbhdc ’nq cdqhudc ax sgd hmrs_mbd trhmf NQ BKD^A RD
nq NQ BKD^GNLD( enq CHFMNRSHB^CDRS- Sgd Ch_f Sq_bd knb_shnm hr vgdqd sgd sdws udqrhnm ne sgd
_kdqs knf kd knb_sdc-
Sgd _kdqs knf hr bnmshmtntrkx _oodmcdc sn+ rn hs hr _ fnnc hcd_ sn odqhnchb_kkx otqfd hs-
L_mx CA?r cn rn c_hkx nq vddjkx+ r_uhmf _ bnox ne sgd btqqdms _kdqs knf sn _ a_bjto _mc
bkd_qhmf sgd btqqdms _kdqs knf- Hs hr _ fnnc hcd_ sn r_ud sgd knf bnmsdmsr- Xnt b_m trd hs sn
qduhdv vgdm _mx hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr g_ud bg_mfdc _mc sn qduhdv c_s_a_rd dqqnqr nq
oqnakdlr qdbnqcdc hm sgd knf- Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd vhkk bqd_sd sgd kd he xnt qdlnud nq qdm_ld
sgd kd-
Lnmhsnqhmf sgd C_s_a_rd ?kdqs Knf 4 0
Sgd _kdqs knf kd ne _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd hr o_qs ne sgd _cu_mbdc e_tks ch_f,
mnrshb hmeq_rsqtbstqd jmnvm _r sgd ?tsnl_shb Ch_fmnrshb Qdonrhsnqx ’?CQ(- CQBH hr sgd
bnll_mc hmsdqe_bd enq ?CQ+ _mc sgd RGNV KDQS bnll_mc b_m ad trdc sn uhdv sgd bnm,
sdmsr ne sgd _kdqs knf- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne trhmf ?CQBH-
# Zcqbh
CQBH9 QdkdZrd 01-0-/-0-/ , Oqnctbshnm nm RZs Mnu 8 04905935 1/02
Bnoxqhfgs &b( 0871+ 1/02+ NqZbkd Zmc.nq hsr ZeehkhZsdr- kk qhfgsr qdrdqudc-
CQ aZrd < !.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd!
09 chZf.qcalr.b01mca0.b01mca0
19 chZf.qcalr.b01ca0.B01CA0
29 chZf.smrkrmq.askmw52.khrsdmdq0
39 chZf.smrkrmq.askmw52.khrsdmdq
P9 sn pths
Hm Dwdqbhrd 8-1+ xnt&kk kd_qm gnv sn bqd_sd _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd vhsgnts
trhmf CAB?-
DWDQBHRD 8-1
bqd_shnm _mc _mx qdkdu_ms rbqhosr mddcdc he xnt cdbhcd sn bqd_sd sgd c_s_a_rd l_mt_kkx- Gdqd
_qd sgd rsdor mddcdc sn bqd_sd _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd nm sgd Khmtw ok_senql9
0- Rds to sgd qdkdu_ms dmuhqnmldms u_qh_akdr adenqd bqd_shmf sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd sgqdd
hlonqs_ms u_qh_akdr _qd NQ BKD^RHC+ NQ BKD^A RD+ _mc NQ BKD^GNLD- Sgd NQ BKD^
RHC u_qh_akd hr sgd hmrs_mbd hcdmsh“dq+ vghbg b_m ad to sn dhfgs bg_q_bsdqr- Nm Tmhw
ok_senqlr+ sgd hmrs_mbd hcdmsh“dq hr b_rd,rdmrhshud- Sgd NQ BKD^A RD o_q_ldsdq
cdbhcdr vgdqd sgd sq_bd “kd _mc ctlo “kd chqdbsnqhdr vhkk ad knb_sdc- NQ BKD^GNLD hr
sgd knb_shnm vgdqd sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b rnesv_qd hr hmrs_kkdc-
1- Bqd_sd _ o_rrvnqc “kd trhmf sgd NQ OVC tshkhsx- Sghr _kknvr _clhmhrsq_shud knfhmr sn
sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd trhmf snnkr rtbg _r DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr _mc RPK
Cdudknodq- He sgd RXR o_rrvnqc hr mns oqnuhcdc trhmf sgd oZrrvnqc o_q_ldsdq+ nqZovc
vhkk oqnlos enq sgd o_rrvnqc-
bc #NQ BKD^GNLD.car
nqZovc ehkd<nqZovNB 01B1
2- Bqd_sd _m hmhsh_khy_shnm,o_q_ldsdq “kd- Xnt b_m bqd_sd _ sdws,a_rdc o“kd+ _mc trhmf
RPK)Oktr+ xnt b_m bqd_sd sgd ro“kd eqnl sgd o“kd- Sgd o“kd ltrs g_ud _s kd_rs CA^M LD+
BNMSQNK^EHKDR+ _mc LDLNQX^S QFDS o_q_ldsdqr-
bc #NQ BKD^GNLD.car
rpkoktr . Zr rxrcaZ
RPK= bqdZsd roehkd eqnl oehkd:
4- Bqd_sd sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd BQD SD C S A RD rs_sdldms- Sghr rs_sdldms bqd_sdr
sgd c_s_a_rd vhsg RXRSDL+ RXR TW+ SDLO+ _mc TMCNSAR0 s_akdro_bdr- Hs bqd_sdr bnmsqnk
“kdr rodbh“dc hm sgd knb_shnm ne sgd BNMSQNK^EHKDR o_q_ldsdq _mc qdcn knf “kdr- Hs
_krn rdsr _ o_rrvnqc enq RXR _mc RXRSDL trdqr-
BQD SD C S A RD !b01mca0!
L WC S EHKDR 0//
C S EHKD £.t/1.nqZcZsZ.b01mca0.rxrsdl/0-cae£ RHYD 6//L QDTRD TSNDWSDMC NM
MDWS 0//L L WRHYD 21F
DWSDMS L M FDLDMS KNB K
RXR TW C S EHKD £.t/1.nqZcZsZ.b01mca0.rxrZtw/0-cae£ RHYD 44/L QDTRD TSNDWSDMC
NM MDWS 0//L L WRHYD 21F
Rtll_qx 4 2
6- Athkc c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdvr _mc otakhb rxmnmxlr ’> hm RPK)Oktr qdedqr sn sgd NQ BKD^
GNLD chqdbsnqx(9
RPK= ?>.qcalr.Zclhm.bZsZknf-rpk
RPK= ?>.qcalr.Zclhm.bZsoqnb-rpk
8- He xnt v_ms sn hmrs_kk _cchshnm_k noshnmr rtbg _r IUL nq Nq_bkd Tksq_ Rd_qbg+ qtm sgd
qdkdu_ms rbqhosr9
RPK= ?>.iZuZul.hmrsZkk.hmhsiul-rpk:
Rtll_qx
Hm sghr bg_osdq+ xnt rs_qsdc nee ax kd_qmhmf gnv sn hmrs_kk _mc bqd_sd _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd Nq_bkd Tmhudqr_k Hmrs_kkdq _mc C_s_a_rd Bnmftq_shnm ?rrhrs_ms snnkr-
Sgdm xnt kd_qmdc _ants sgd Nq_bkd lds_c_s_ chbshnm_qx _mc o_q_ldsdq kdr- Xnt _krn kd_qmdc
_ants c_s_a_rd rs_qsto _mc rgtscnvm _r vdkk _r sgd _kdqs knf kd-
Hmrs_kkhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b rnesv_qd hr _ qdk_shudkx d_rx s_rj nmbd sgd oqdhmrs_kk
bgdbjr _mc g_qcv_qd qdpthqdldmsr _qd lds- Hmrs_kkhmf Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd rnesv_qd ahm_qhdr
4 3 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
hr _ inhms s_rj adsvddm sgd rxrsdl _clhmhrsq_snq _mc CA?+ _r bdqs_hm rbqhosr mddc sn ad
qtm _r qnns nm Khmtw.Tmhw ok_senqlr-
Xnt b_m trd sgd CAB? sn bqd_sd c_s_a_rdr- Xnt b_m bgnnrd eqnl oqddwhrshmf c_s_a_rd
cdmhshnmr rsnqdc _r WLK sdlok_sdr nq bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd cdmhshnm eqnl _ btrsnl sdlok_sd-
?kk _rodbsr ne sgd c_s_a_rd+ hmbktchmf c_s_a_rd m_ld+ kd knb_shnm+ rhyhmf+ _mc hmhsh_khy_shnm,
o_q_ldsdq rdsshmfr+ _qd cdmdc vhsghm sgd CAB?- Xnt b_m bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd _esdq bnlokdshmf
sgd c_s_a_rd cdmhshnm+ nq xnt b_m r_ud sgd cdmhshnm _r _ sdlok_sd nq rdqhdr ne rbqhosr sn ad
qtm _s _ k_sdq shld- Xnt b_m _krn trd sgd CAB? sn qdlnud c_s_a_rdr nq _cc noshnmr sn dwhrs,
hmf c_s_a_rdr-
Xnt b_m l_m_fd _mc bqd_sd mdv sdlok_sd cdmhshnmr trhmf sgd CAB? hmsdqe_bd- Sghr hr
_cu_ms_fdntr adb_trd hs rdqudr _r _ v_x sn bdmsq_kkx l_m_fd _kk xntq c_s_a_rd cdmhshnmr- Xnt
b_m _krn bqd_sd mdv c_s_a_rdr eqnl dwhrshmf c_s_a_rdr vhsg sgd CAB? ax trhmf sdlok_sdr-
Nq_bkd trdr _ o_q_ldsdq kd sn rsnqd hmenql_shnm _ants sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr
trdc vgdm _m Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd rs_qsr- Nq_bkd qd_cr sgd o_q_ldsdq kd sn nas_hm hmenql_shnm
_ants gnv sgd Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd rgntkc ad rhydc _mc bnmftqdc tonm rs_qsto- Sgd o_q_ldsdq
kd b_m ad dhsgdq _ ok_hmsdws kd+ bnllnmkx qdedqqdc sn _r _ okd+ nq _ ahm_qx kd sg_s hr
qdedqqdc sn _r _ rokd- Xnt b_m trd sgd DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr sn bg_mfd c_s_a_rd o_q_l,
dsdqr vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd hr qtmmhmf-
Sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx bnms_hmr hmenql_shnm _ants sgd c_s_a_rd _mc c_s_a_rd naidbsr- Sgd
c_s_ chbshnm_qx hr bqd_sdc vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd hr bqd_sdc trhmf sgd rbqhos bZsZknf-rpk- Sgd c_s_
chbshnm_qx uhdvr g_ud rs_shb c_s_+ vgdqd_r sgd cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdvr g_ud c_s_ sg_s cndr
mns odqrhrs _bqnrr c_s_a_rd rgtscnvmr-
Sgd c_s_a_rd mddcr sn ad rs_qsdc hm nqcdq enq vnqj sn ad cnmd _f_hmrs hs- Xnt b_m rs_qs to
sgd c_s_a_rd hm nmd ne rdudq_k lncdr9 LNTMS+ MNLNTMS+ _mc NODM- Xnt b_m _krn rs_qs to sgd
c_s_a_rd vhsg sgd QDRSQHBS noshnm sn qdrsqhbs fdmdq_k _bbdrr sn sgd c_s_a_rd- Xnt b_m _krn
rs_qs to _ c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd ENQBD noshnm+ vghbg _bbnlokhrgdr _ rgtscnvm _mc rs_qsto ats
qdpthqdr hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx adb_trd sgd rgtscnvm hr mns bkd_m-
Xnt b_m rgts cnvm sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf nmd ne rdudq_k noshnmr9 MNQL K+ SQ MR BSHNM K+
HLLDCH SD+ _mc ANQS- Sgd MNQL K+ SQ MR BSHNM K+ _mc HLLDCH SD noshnmr _qd bnmrhcdqdc
bkd_m rgtscnvmr adb_trd mn qdbnudqx hr mdbdrr_qx tonm _ rtardptdms rs_qsto-
Sgd _kdqs knf bnms_hmr hmenql_shnm _ants bdqs_hm _bshuhshdr _mc dqqnqr sg_s nbbtq vhsghm
xntq c_s_a_rd- Sgd _kdqs knf bnms_hmr _ bgqnmnknfhb_k rtll_qx ne sgdrd dudmsr _mc _ vd_ksg
ne hmenql_shnm sg_s xnt b_m trd sn ch_fmnrd rxrsdl oqnakdlr _mc qduhdv ghrsnqhdr ne _bshuhshdr
sg_s nbbtqqdc nm sgd rxrsdl- Sgd CHFMNRSHB^CDRS o_q_ldsdq cdsdqlhmdr sgd knb_shnm ne sgd
_kdqs knf-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Dwok_hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 017 rxrsdl qdpthqdldmsr- Jmnv vg_s sgd qdpthqdldmsr _qd enq
_u_hk_akd rdqudq chrj ro_bd _mc ldlnqx oqhnq sn odqenqlhmf _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b rnes,
v_qd hmrs_kk_shnm-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 4 4
Cdrbqhad sgd Noshl_k Ekdwhakd :qbghsdbstqd- Ad _akd sn dwok_hm sgd bnmbdosr _rrnbh_sdc
vhsg sgd NE? lncdk _mc gnv sn hlokdldms _m NE?,bnlokh_ms hmrs_kk_shnm _mc c_s_a_rd
chqdbsnqx rsqtbstqd-
Cdrbqhad rsdor enq hmrs_kk_shnm _mc bnmehftq_shnm- Jmnv gnv sn rds to sgd Nq_bkd hmrs_kk_,
shnm dmuhqnmldms rn sg_s sgd NTH b_m ad trdc sn hmrs_kk _mc bnmftqd sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
01b rnesv_qd-
Ad _akd sn bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd CAB:- Cdrbqhad sgd rsdor hmunkudc hm bqd_shmf _
c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd Bnmftq_shnm ?rrhrs_ms ’CAB?(- Tmcdqrs_mc gnv sgd
CAB? trdr sdlok_sdr sn rsnqd hmenql_shnm _ants c_s_a_rdr _mc gnv sdlok_sdr _qd trdc ax
sgd CAB? sn bqd_sd c_s_a_rdr- Ad e_lhkh_q vhsg sgd u_qhntr noshnmr _u_hk_akd sn xnt vgdm
bqd_shmf _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd CAB?-
Jmnv gnv sn l_m_fd CAB: sdlok_sdr- Tmcdqrs_mc gnv sn trd sgd CAB? sn l_m,
_fd sdlok_sdr _mc sgd u_qhntr noshnmr _u_hk_akd vgdm bqd_shmf mdv c_s_a_rd sdlok_sdr-
Tmcdqrs_mc vg_s d_bg noshnm hr _mc vgdm hs rgntkc ad trdc-
Cdrbqhad sgd c_s_a_rd rs_qsto lncdr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd u_qhntr lncdr ne c_s_a_rd rs_qsto-
Tmcdqrs_mc vg_s d_bg c_s_a_rd rs_qsto noshnm hr _mc vgdm xnt lhfgs trd sgd noshnm-
Qdbnfmhyd gnv sn rs_qs _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd- Tmcdqrs_mc gnv sn trd sgd c_s_a_rd snnkr sn
rs_qs to _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd-
Cdrbqhad sgd c_s_a_rd,rgtscnvm lncdr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd u_qhntr lncdr ne c_s_a_rd
rgtscnvm- Tmcdqrs_mc vg_s d_bg c_s_a_rd,rgtscnvm noshnm hr _mc vgdm xnt lhfgs trd
sgd noshnm-
Ad _akd sn rgts cnvm _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd- Tmcdqrs_mc gnv sn trd sgd c_s_a_rd snnkr sn
rgts cnvm _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd-
Jmnv gnv sn l_m_fd sgd Nq_bkd o_q_ldsdq ehkd- Ad _akd sn hcdmshex sgd Nq_bkd o_q_ldsdq
kd _mc sgd cheedqdms sxodr ne o_q_ldsdq kdr- ?krn tmcdqrs_mc gnv xnt b_m bg_mfd sgd
o_q_ldsdq kdr-
Uhdv _mc tmcdqrs_mc sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgd Nq_bkd _kdqs knf- Ad _akd sn hcdmshex sgd Nq_bkd
_kdqs knf _mc sgd jhmcr ne hmenql_shnm Nq_bkd vqhsdr sn sgd _kdqs knf- Ad _akd sn hcdmshex sgd
c_s_a_rd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq sg_s oqnuhcdr sgd knb_shnm ne sgd _kdqs knf-
Ad e_lhkh_q vhsg sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm sgd rs_shb
c_s_ chbshnm_qx _mc cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdvr- ?krn tmcdqrs_mc gnv bqhshb_k c_s_a_rd
hmenql_shnm b_m ad nas_hmdc eqnl sgdrd uhdvr-
4 5 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Xnt mnshbdc sg_s sgd btqqdms u_ktd ne sgd TMCN^QDSDMSHNM o_q_ldsdq hr 8// _mc hr snn
knv enq rnld ne xntq sq_mr_bshnmr- Sgd c_s_a_rd v_r bqd_sdc trhmf CAB?- Xnt hrrtd
sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms9
1- Xnt mddc sn ehmc sgd chqdbsnqx vgdqd sgd Nq_bkd _kdqs knf hr adhmf vqhssdm- Vghbg hmhsh_k,
hy_shnm o_q_ldsdq b_m ad adrs trdc sn khrs sgd etkk chqdbsnqx o_sg ne sgd _kdqs knf knb_shnm>
?- KDQS^KNF^CDRS
A- A BJFQNTMC^CTLO^CDRS
B- CH FMNRSHB^CDRS
C- HMHS^KNF^CTLO^CDRS
2- Vghbg c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdv hr trdc sn uhdv sgd btqqdms u_ktdr ne o_q_ldsdqr>
?- U#C S A RD
A- U#ROO Q LDSDQ
B- U#O Q LDSDQ
C- U#RXRO Q LDSDQ
3- Vghbg rs_qsto noshnmr ltrs ad trdc sn rs_qs sgd hmrs_mbd vgdm xnt bqd_sd _ mdv c_s_a_rd>
?- RS QSTO ENQBD
A- RS QSTO LNTMS
B- RS QSTO QDRSQHBS
C- RS QSTO MNLNTMS
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 4 6
5- Xnt v_ms sn bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd CAB? vhsg CA^AKNBJ^RHYD _r 21JA- Vghbg
rs_sdldms hr sqtd>
?- ? aknbj rhyd ne 21JA hr mns _kknvdc hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
A- Xnt ltrs bgnnrd sgd C_s_ V_qdgntrd sdlok_sd hm sgd CAB?-
B- Xnt ltrs bgnnrd sgd Btrsnl sdlok_sd hm sgd CAB?-
C- Xnt ltrs rds sgd dmuhqnmldms u_qh_akd CA^AKNBJ^RHYD sn 21+657-
6- ?kk ne sgd enkknvhmf _qd c_s_a_rd,l_m_fdldms noshnmr vhsghm sgd C_s_a_rd Bnmehftq_,
shnm ?rrhrs_ms dwbdos vghbg nmd>
?- Bg_mfd C_s_a_rd Hmhsh_khy_shnm O_q_ldsdqr
A- Bqd_sd _ C_s_a_rd
B- L_m_fd Sdlok_sdr
C- Cdkdsd _ C_s_a_rd
8- Xnt&ud addm _rjdc sn hmrs_kk Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b nm _ mdv Khmtw rdqudq- Xnt&qd khjdkx
sn _rj sgd Tmhw rxrsdl _clhmhrsq_snq sn cn _kk ats vghbg nmd ne sgd enkknvhmf enq xnt
hm nqcdq sn fds sgd mdv rdqudq qd_cx enq Nq_bkd>
?- Lnchex sgd rdqudq&r jdqmdk o_q_ldsdqr-
A- Bqd_sd _ mdv Tmhw trdq sn nvm sgd Nq_bkd rnesv_qd-
B- Bqd_sd sgd lntms onhmsr _mc chqdbsnqx rsqtbstqd trhmf sgd NE? lncdk-
C- Cdsdqlhmd vghbg chqdbsnqx vhkk ad trdc enq #NQ BKD^GNLD-
4 7 Bg_osdq 8 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
0/- Xntq c_s_a_rd m_ld hr NB 01B- Sgd noshnmr rgnv sgd ehkdr sg_s _qd _u_hk_akd hm sgd
#NQ BKD^GNLD.car chqdbsnqx- Vghbg ehkd hr trdc sn rs_qs to sgd c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbd vgdm
xnt hrrtd sgd RS QSTO bnll_mc>
?- hmhsNB 01B-nqZ
A- NB 01Broehkd-nqZ
B- roehkd-nqZ
C- hmhs-nqZ
00- Vghbg hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq b_mmns ad bg_mfdc _esdq sgd c_s_a_rd hr bqd_sdc>
?- CA^AKNBJ^RHYD
A- CA^M LD
B- BNMSQNK^EHKDR
C- Mnmd- ?kk o_q_ldsdqr b_m ad bg_mfdc _r _mc vgdm qdpthqdc-
02- He xntq c_s_a_rd m_ld hr OQNC _mc xntq hmrs_mbd m_ld hr OQNC0+ vg_s vntkc ad sgd
m_ld ne sgd sdws,_kdqs knf ehkd>
?- ZkdqsOQNC-knf
A- Zkdqs^OQNC0-knf
B- OQNC0Zkdqs-knf
C- OQNC^Zkdqs-knf
03- Xntq c_s_a_rd hr mns qdronmchmf _mc hr hm _ gtmf rs_sd- Xnt v_ms sn rgts cnvm _mc
rs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd sn qdkd_rd _kk qdrntqbdr- Vghbg rs_sdldmsr vntkc xnt trd>
?- RS QSTO ESDQ RGTSCNVM
A- RS QSTO ENQBD
B- RGTSCNVM ENQBD
C- RGTSCNVM ANQS _mc RS QSTO
04- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_qsto noshnmr cndr mns odqenql _ c_s_a_rd qdbnudqx>
?- RS QSTO
A- RS QSTO ENQBD QDRSQHBS
B- RS QSTO MNLNTMS
C- RS QSTO NODM
D- RS QSTO QDRSQHBS
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 4 8
05- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rgtscnvm rs_sdldmsr cndr mns odqenql _ bkd_m rgtscnvm>
?- RGTSCNVM ANQS
A- RGTSCNVM SQ MR BSHNM K
B- RGTSCNVM
C- RGTSCNVM HLLDCH SD
D- ?kk ne sgdrd _qd bnmrhcdqdc bkd_m rgtscnvmr-
06- Xnt vntkc khjd sn odqenql l_hmsdm_mbd nm sgd rxrsdl _mc khlhs _bbdrr sn nmkx sgd
CA? rs_ee ctqhmf sgd l_hmsdm_mbd vhmcnv- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_qsto noshnmr
rgntkc xnt trd>
?- RS QSTO MNLNTMS QDRSQHBS
A- RS QSTO QDRSQHBS
B- RS QSTO LNTMS QDRSQHBS
C- RS QSTO LNTMS ENQBD QDRSQHBS
07- Xnt v_ms sn rs_qs to sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf _ ahm_qx hmhsh_khy_shnm ehkd- Vg_s hr _mnsgdq
m_ld enq sghr ehkd>
?- Bnmehfehkd
A- Oehkd
B- Roehkd
C- hmhs^oehkd-nqZ
08- Tmcdq mnql_k bhqbtlrs_mbdr+ vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf _bshnmr nq dudmsr hr mns entmc hm
sgd Nq_bkd _kdqs knf>
?- C_s_a_rd rs_qsto _mc rgtscnvm hmenql_shnm
A- Mnmcde_tks hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr
B- NQ ,//5// dqqnqr
C- Mdv bnktlmr _ccdc sn _ trdq s_akd
1/- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hr sqtd _ants DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- Xnt b_m rs_qs to _mc rgts cnvm _ c_s_a_rd trhmf C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr-
A- Xnt b_m qd_c sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgd _kdqs knf ehkd-
B- Xnt b_m lnchex rs_shb hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr-
C- Sgd BQD SD C S A RD rs_sdldms bqd_sdr sgd C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk qdonrhsnqx hm sgd
c_s_a_rd-
AfTosdp TmcdqrsZmchmf
0/
RsnqZfd Zmc RoZbd
LZmZfdldms
L_m_fhmf Ro_bd
Dwok_hm gnv Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd rdqudq _tsnl_shb_kkx
l_m_fdr ro_bd-
R_ud ro_bd ax trhmf bnloqdrrhnm-
Oqn_bshudkx lnmhsnq _mc l_m_fd s_akdro_bd ro_bd tr_fd-
Trd sgd Rdfldms ?cuhrnq-
Qdbk_hl v_rsdc ro_bd eqnl s_akdr _mc hmcdwdr ax trhmf sgd
rdfldms rgqhmj etmbshnm_khsx-
L_m_fd qdrtl_akd ro_bd _kknb_shnm-
Tmcdqrs_mchmf gnv c_s_ hr rsnqdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd _mc gnv sgd
ro_bd hr l_m_fdc _qd hlonqs_ms _rodbsr ne c_s_a_rd _clhmhr,
sq_shnm- Hm sghr bg_osdq+ xnt vhkk kd_qm lnqd _ants sgd ogxrhb_k
_mc knfhb_k rsnq_fd rsqtbstqdr- Sn rs_qs+ xnt&kk dwoknqd gnv _ s_akdro_bd hr sgd ghfgdrs kdudk
ne knfhb_k rsqtbstqd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- ? c_s_ kd hr _ rsqtbstqd sg_s hr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg
_ s_akdro_bd _s sgd ogxrhb_k kdudk- ? c_s_a_rd aknbj hr sgd rl_kkdrs tmhs ne knfhb_k rsnq_fd-
Vd vhkk chrbtrr gnv _ s_akd qnv hr rsnqdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd aknbj-
Xnt vhkk _krn kd_qm _ants sgd u_qhntr rsnq_fd _mc ro_bd l_m_fdldms _rodbsr ne Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b- Vhsg k_qfd _lntmsr ne c_s_ rsnqdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b g_r
_tsnl_sdc rdudq_k ro_bd l_m_fdldms _bshuhshdr _mc needqr bnloqdrrhnm sn qdctbd sgd rsnq_fd
ennsoqhms- Rdfldms ?cuhrnq oqnuhcdr hmenql_shnm nm sgd s_akdr _mc hmcdwdr vhsg rhfmhb_ms
eqdd ro_bd: _ CA? b_m trd sghr hmenql_shnm sn qdbk_hl v_rsdc ro_bd ax qdathkchmf nq tshkhyhmf
sgd rdfldms rgqhmj noshnm-
Aknbi EnqlZs
Aknbi Gd_cdq
Aknbi S_akd Chqdbsnqx
Nudqgd_c Qnv CZsZ
Qnv Chqdbsnqx
Qnv Nudqgd_c
Mtladq ne Bnktlmr
Qnv
C_s_ Bktrsdq Jdx HC
Bg_hmdc Qnv HC
Eqdd Ro_bd
Bnktlm Kdmfsg
Bnktlm C_s_
Bnktlm Kdmfsg
Bnktlm C_s_
Sgd qnv c_s_ o_qs ne sgd aknbj bnms_hmr sgd _bst_k c_s_+ rtbg _r s_akd qnvr nq hmcdw jdx
dmsqhdr- Sgd qnv enql_s bnmrhrsr ne qnv gd_cdq _mc bnktlm c_s_- Sgd qnv gd_cdq hmbktcdr
sgd bnktlmr hm sgd qnv ohdbd _mc he sgd qnv hr bg_hmdc- Bnktlm c_s_ rsnqdr sgd _bst_k c_s_
hm sgd qnv-
Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd trdr QNVHC sn tmhptdkx hcdmshex _ qnv- Trhmf QNVHC hr sgd e_rsdrs
v_x sn fds sn sgd qnv- QNVHC hmbktcdr sgd c_s_ naidbs mtladq+ sgd qdk_shud kd mtladq
vgdqd sgd aknbj hr rsnqdc+ sgd aknbj mtladq hm sgd kd+ _mc sgd qnv mtladq-
Aknbj rsnq_fd bg_q_bsdqhrshbr+ rtbg _r gnv ltbg eqdd ro_bd sn kd_ud hm dudqx aknbj enq
qnv toc_sdr _mc gnv l_mx sq_mr_bshnm khrsr sn bqd_sd+ _qd cdmdc _s sgd shld _ rdfldms+
rtbg _r _ s_akd+ o_qshshnm+ nq hmcdw+ hr bqd_sdc-
sq_mr_bshnm dmsqx ro_bd- He sgd aknbj hr etkk _mc mn ro_bd hr _u_hk_akd+ sgd sq_mr_bshnm v_hsr tmshk
_ sq_mr_bshnm dmsqx ro_bd hr _u_hk_akd-
L_m_fhmf S_akdro_bdr
S_akdro_bdr knfhb_kkx fqnto rbgdl_ naidbsr enq _clhmhrsq_shnm bnmudmhdmbd- S_akdro_bdr
b_m rsnqd ydqn nq lnqd rdfldmsr- Rdfldmsr _qd rbgdl_ naidbsr sg_s qdpthqd rsnq_fd hm sgd
c_s_a_rd- S_akdr _mc hmcdwdr _qd dw_lokdr ne rdfldmsr- Bnmrsq_hmsr _mc rdptdmbdr _qd
dw_lokdr ne rbgdl_ naidbsr sg_s cn mns rsnqd c_s_ ntsrhcd sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx _mc+ sgdqd,
enqd+ cn mns g_ud rdfldmsr-
Xnt b_m ok_bd sgd s_akdr _mc hmcdwdr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg _m _ookhb_shnm hmsn _ rds ne s_akdro_bdr
rn sg_s c_s_ b_m ad l_m_fdc lnqd d_rhkx- Xnt b_m s_jd _ s_akdro_bd nehmd _mc qdbnudq hs
’onsdmsh_kkx sn _ cheedqdms onhms hm shld(+ rdo_q_sd eqnl sgd qdrs ne sgd c_s_a_rd- Xnt b_m _krn
lnud hs sn _mnsgdq c_s_a_rd _mc bnmftqd hs _r qd_c,nmkx rn sg_s xnt cn mns g_ud sn l_jd
_cchshnm_k a_bjtor ne rs_shb c_s_-
Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ xnt vhkk kd_qm gnv sn bqd_sd _mc l_m_fd s_akdro_bdr hm xntq
c_s_a_rd-
Vgdm bqd_shmf _ s_akdro_bd trhmf sgd NLE ed_stqd+ xnt rhlokx nlhs sgd kdm_ld9
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd rgnvr sgd noshnm_k bk_trdr xnt b_m trd vghkd bqd_shmf _ knb_kkx
l_m_fdc s_akdro_bd9
EK RGA BJ NM
DWSDMS L M FDLDMS KNB K
RDFLDMS RO BD L M FDLDMS TSN:
Nq_bkd l_m_fdr sgd s_akdro_bd bg_q_bsdqhrshbr udqx debhdmskx vhsg hsr cde_tks u_ktdr:
gnvdudq+ xnt b_m rodbhex rdudq_k bk_trdr sn nas_hm _m dudm mdq kdudk ne bnmsqnk- Sgd bk_trdr
hm sgd BQD SD S AKDRO BD bnll_mc b_m rodbhex sgd enkknvhmf9
CDE TKS RSNQ FD Bk_trd Sgd CDE TKS RSNQ FD bk_trd rodbhdr sgd cde_tks rsnq_fd o_q_l,
dsdqr enq mdv naidbsr sg_s _qd bqd_sdc hm sgd s_akdro_bd- He _m dwokhbhs rsnq_fd bk_trd hr rodbhdc
vgdm _m naidbs hr bqd_sdc+ sgd s_akdro_bd cde_tksr _qd mns trdc enq sgd rodbhdc rsnq_fd o_q_l,
dsdqr- Sgd rsnq_fd o_q_ldsdqr _qd rodbhdc vhsghm o_qdmsgdrdr: mn o_q_ldsdq hr l_mc_snqx+
ats he xnt rodbhex sgd CDE TKS RSNQ FD bk_trd+ xnt ltrs rodbhex _s kd_rs nmd o_q_ldsdq hmrhcd
sgd o_qdmsgdrdr- Sgd rsnq_fd o_q_ldsdqr _qd u_khc nmkx enq chbshnm_qx,l_m_fdc s_akdro_bdr:
enq knb_kkx l_m_fdc s_akdro_bdr+ xnt b_m rodbhex nmkx sgd BNLOQDRR noshnm-
AKNBJRHYD Bk_trd Xnt b_m rodbhex aknbj rhyd sg_s hr cheedqdms eqnl sgd rs_mc_qc c_s_a_rd
aknbj rhyd vgdm bqd_shmf _ mdv s_akdro_bd- Sgd c_s_a_rd aknbj rhyd hr rodbhdc vgdm xnt bqd,
_sd sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq CA^AKNBJ^RHYD- Sghr hr sgd aknbj rhyd trdc
enq sgd RXRSDL s_akdro_bd _mc hr jmnvm _r sgd rs_mc_qc aknbj rhyd- Sgd u_khc rhydr ne sgd mnm,
rs_mc_qc aknbj rhyd _qd 1JA+ 3JA+ 7JA+ 05JA+ _mc 21JA- He xnt cn mns rodbhex _ aknbj rhyd
enq sgd s_akdro_bd+ sgd c_s_a_rd aknbj rhyd hr _rrtldc- Ltkshokd aknbj rhydr hm sgd c_s_a_rd
_qd admdbh_k enq k_qfd c_s_a_rdr vhsg Nmkhmd Sq_r_bshnm Oqnbdrrhmf ’NKSO( _mc Cdbhrhnm
Rtoonqs Rxrsdl ’CRR( c_s_ rsnqdc snfdsgdq _mc enq rsnqhmf k_qfd s_akdr- Sgd qdrsqhbshnmr nm
rodbhexhmf mnmrs_mc_qc aknbj rhydr _knmf vhsg sgd s_akdro_bd bqd_shnm _qd chrbtrrdc hm sgd
'Trhmf Mnmrs_mc_qc Aknbj Rhydr– rdbshnm-
LHMHLTL DWSDMS Bk_trd Sgd LHMHLTL DWSDMS bk_trd rodbhdr sg_s sgd dwsdms rhydr rgntkc
ad _ ltkshokd ne sgd rhyd rodbhdc- Xnt b_m trd sghr bk_trd sn bnmsqnk eq_fldms_shnm hm sgd
s_akdro_bd ax _kknb_shmf dwsdmsr ne _s kd_rs sgd rhyd rodbhdc: sghr bk_trd hr _kv_xr _ ltkshokd
ne sgd rhyd rodbhdc- Hm sgd BQD SD S AKDRO BD dw_lokd+ _kk sgd dwsdmsr _kknb_sdc hm sgd
s_akdro_bd vntkc ad ltkshokdr ne 145JA- Sgd HMHSH K _mc MDWS dwsdms rhydr rodbhdc rgntkc
ad ltkshokdr ne LHMHLTL DWSDMS- Sghr bk_trd hr u_khc nmkx enq chbshnm_qx,l_m_fdc s_akdro_bdr-
KNFFHMF.MNKNFFHMF Bk_trd Sgd KNFFHMF.MNKNFFHMF bk_trd rodbhdr sg_s sgd CCK nodq_,
shnmr _mc chqdbs,kn_c HMRDQS rgntkc ad qdbnqcdc hm sgd qdcn knf kdr- Sghr hr sgd cde_tks+ _mc
sgd bk_trd b_m ad nlhssdc- Vgdm xnt rodbhex MNKNFFHMF+ c_s_ hr lnchdc vhsg lhmhl_k knf,
fhmf+ _mc gdmbd sgd bnll_mcr bnlokdsd e_rsdq- Adb_trd sgd bg_mfdr _qd mns qdbnqcdc hm sgd
qdcn knf kdr+ xnt mddc sn _ookx sgd bnll_mcr _f_hm hm sgd b_rd ne _ ldch_ qdbnudqx- Xnt b_m
rodbhex KNFFHMF nq MNKNFFHMF hm sgd hmchuhct_k naidbs bqd_shnm rs_sdldms+ _mc hs vhkk nudqqhcd
sgd s_akdro_bd cde_tks-
ENQBD KNFFHMF Bk_trd Xnt ltrs rodbhex sghr bk_trd sn knf _kk bg_mfdr hqqdrodbshud ne
sgd KNFFHMF lncd enq hmchuhct_k naidbsr hm sgd s_akdro_bd- Xnt b_m rodbhex sgd MNKNFFHMF
bk_trd _mc ENQBD KNFFHMF bk_trd snfdsgdq vgdm bqd_shmf _ s_akdro_bd- He xnt cn+ sgd naidbsr
vhkk ad bqd_sdc hm MNKNFFHMF lncd _mc vhkk ad nudqqhccdm ax sgd ENQBD KNFFHMF lncd-
Vgdm xnt s_jd sgd s_akdro_bd nts ne sgd ENQBD KNFFHMF lncd+ sgd MNKNFFHMF _ssqhatsd enq
naidbsr vhkk fn hmsn deedbs-
417 Bg_osdq 0/ Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc Ro_bd L_m_fdldms
Cqnoohmf _ s_akdro_bd cndr mns _tsnl_shb_kkx qdlnud sgd c_s_ kdr eqnl sgd kd rxrsdl-
Trd sgd _cchshnm_k bk_trd HMBKTCHMF BNMSDMSR MC C S EHKDR sn qdlnud sgd tmcdqkxhmf
c_s_ kdr _r vdkk _r sgd rsnqdc naidbsr+ khjd sghr9
He sgd Nq_bkd L_m_fdc Ehkdr ed_stqd hr trdc enq sgd s_akdro_bd+ rtbg kdr vhkk ad qdlnudc
_tsnl_shb_kkx vgdm xnt cqno sgd s_akdro_bd- Enq kdr sg_s _qd mns Nq_bkd l_m_fdc+ he xnt
mddc sn eqdd to sgd chrj ro_bd+ xnt b_m trd NR bnll_mcr sn qdlnud sgd c_s_ kdr adknmfhmf
sn sgd cqnoodc s_akdro_bd nq xnt b_m trd sgd MC C S EHKDR bk_trd-
Xnt b_mmns cqno sgd RXRSDL s_akdro_bd- Xnt b_m cqno sgd RXR TW s_akdro_bd bnmmdbsdc
trhmf RXRCA rxrsdl oqhuhkdfd vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd hr rs_qsdc hm TOFQ?CD lncd-
Lnchexhmf S_akdro_bdr
Trd _m KSDQ S AKDRO BD rs_sdldms sn lnchex sgd _ssqhatsdr ne _ s_akdro_bd- Sgdrd _qd
rnld ne sgd _bshnmr xnt b_m odqenql nm s_akdro_bdr9
Bg_mfd sgd cde_tks rsnq_fd bk_trdr _mc sgd LHMHLTL^DWSDMS ne _ chbshnm_qx,l_m_fdc
s_akdro_bd-
Bg_mfd sgd dwsdms _kknb_shnm _mc KNFFHMF.MNKNFFHMF lncdr-
Bg_mfd sgd _u_hk_ahkhsx ne sgd s_akdro_bd-
L_jd sgd s_akdro_bd qd_c,nmkx nq qd_c,vqhsd-
Bn_kdrbd sgd bnmshftntr eqdd ro_bd-
?cc lnqd ro_bd ax _cchmf mdv c_s_ ehkdr nq sdlonq_qx ehkdr-
Qdrhyd sgd c_s_ ehkdr nq sdlonq_qx ehkdr-
Qdm_ld _ s_akdro_bd nq qdm_ld ehkdr adknmfhmf sn sgd s_akdro_bd-
Rgqhmj sdlonq_qx ehkdr nq rgqhmj ro_bd hm sgd s_akdro_bd-
Bg_mfd ek_rga_bj nm nq nee _mc bg_mfd qdsdmshnm ft_q_msdd-
Adfhm _mc dmc _ a_bjto-
Sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr cds_hk bnllnm lnchb_shnmr xnt b_m odqenql nm sgd s_akdro_bdr-
Nmkx sgd HMHSH K _mc MDWS u_ktdr ne sgd cde_tks RSNQ FD _qd bg_mfdc: sgd nsgdq rsnq_fd
o_q_ldsdqr rtbg _r OBSHMBQD RD nq LHMDWSDMSR qdl_hm tm_ksdqdc-
L_m_fhmf S_akdro_bdr 418
Rnld bnlo_mhdr odqenql a_bjtor ax rokhsshmf _ sghqc lhqqnq+ lntmshmf sgdrd lhqqnqdc kd
rxrsdlr nmsn _mnsgdq rdqudq+ _mc sgdm bnoxhmf sgdl sn s_od- Sn r_edkx rokhs sgd lhqqnq+ _ksdq
_kk xntq s_akdro_bdr hmsn a_bjto lncd+ l_jd sgd rokhs+ _mc sgdm _ksdq _kk sgd s_akdro_bdr nts
ne a_bjto lncd- Ots sgdl hmsn a_bjto lncd khjd sghr9
Trd sgd jdxvnqcr DMC A BJTO sn s_jd _ s_akdro_bd nts ne a_bjto lncd+ khjd sghr9
He xnt enqfds sn s_jd _ s_akdro_bd nts ne a_bjto lncd+ sgd mdws shld xnt antmbd xntq
c_s_a_rd+ hs vhkk rdd sg_s sgd bgdbjonhms mtladq hm sgd bnmsqnk kd hr k_sdq sg_m sgd nmd hm
sgd c_s_ kd gd_cdqr _mc qdonqs sg_s ldch_ qdbnudqx hr qdpthqdc-
Sgd CA ^C S ^EHKDR _mc CA ^SDLO^EHKDR uhdvr bnms_hm hmenql_shnm nm c_s_ kdr _mc
sdlo kdr+ qdrodbshudkx- Sghr hmenql_shnm hmbktcdr sgd s_akdro_bd m_ld+ kdm_ld+ kd rhyd+
_mc _tsndwsdmc rdsshmfr-
?mnsgdq v_x sn pthbjkx hcdmshex sgd _ssqhatsdr ne _ s_akdro_bd hr sn _rj sgd c_s_a_rd sn
fdmdq_sd CCK sn qd,bqd_sd sgd s_akdro_bd- Sgd BQD SD S AKDRO BD rs_sdldms sg_s qdrtksr
bnms_hmr sgd _ssqhatsdr enq sgd s_akdro_bd- Trd sgd OK.RPK o_bj_fd CALR^LDS C S sn
fdmdq_sd CCK enq xntq c_s_a_rd naidbsr- Enq dw_lokd+ sn fdmdq_sd sgd CCK enq sgd TRDQR
s_akdro_bd+ dwdbtsd sghr9
Sgd ntsots eqnl sghr rs_sdldms hr _ BQD SD S AKDRO BD rs_sdldms sg_s bnms_hmr _kk sgd
_ssqhatsdr enq sgd TRDQR s_akdro_bd9
Hm _cchshnm sn sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx+ xnt b_m nas_hm s_akdro_bd hmenql_shnm eqnl rdudq_k
rntqbdr- Rnld ne sgdrd rntqbdr _qd sgd CCK _mc sgd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq-
Trhmf DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr+ xnt b_m bqd_sd _ mdv s_akdro_bd+ lnchex sgd oqnodqshdr ne
_ s_akdro_bd+ bg_mfd sgd rs_str ne _ s_akdro_bd+ _cc lnqd c_s_ kdr+ qdrhyd _ s_akdro_bd+ _mc
cqno _ s_akdro_bd-
kd hr _kknb_sdc _mc hmhsh_khydc…kkdc vhsg _ qdftk_q o_ssdqm ne lnrskx ahm_qx ydqnr- Sghr hmh,
sh_khy_shnm vhkk mns nbbtq vhsg sdlo kdr-
Rhyhmf Ehkdr
Xnt b_m rodbhex sg_s sgd c_s_ kd ’nq sdlonq_qx kd( vhkk fqnv _tsnl_shb_kkx vgdmdudq
ro_bd hr mddcdc hm sgd s_akdro_bd- Sghr hr _bbnlokhrgdc ax rodbhexhmf sgd TSNDWSDMC bk_trd
enq sgd kd- Sghr etmbshnm_khsx dm_akdr xnt sn g_ud edvdq c_s_ kdr odq s_akdro_bd _mc b_m
rhlokhex sgd _clhmhrsq_shnm ne c_s_ kdr- Sgd TSNDWSDMC bk_trd b_m ad NM nq NEE: xnt b_m
_krn rodbhex kd rhyd hmbqdldmsr- Xnt b_m rds _ l_whltl khlhs enq sgd kd rhyd: ax cde_tks+
sgd kd rhyd khlhs hr TMKHLHSDC- Xnt b_m rodbhex sgd TSNDWSDMC bk_trd enq kdr vgdm xnt
qtm sgd BQD SD C S A RD+ BQD SD S AKDRO BD+ KSDQ S AKDRO BD+ _mc KSDQ C S EHKD
bnll_mcr- Enq dw_lokd9
Sgd TSNDWSDMC NM bk_trd rodbhdr sg_s sgd _tsnl_shb kd,qdrhyd ed_stqd rgntkc ad
dm_akdc enq sgd rodbhdc kd: MDWS rodbhdr sgd rhyd ax vghbg sgd kd rgntkc ad hmbqd,
ldmsdc+ _mc L WRHYD rodbhdr sgd l_whltl rhyd enq sgd kd- Vgdm Nq_bkd sqhdr sn _kknb_sd
_m dwsdms hm sgd s_akdro_bd+ hs knnjr enq _ eqdd dwsdms- He _ k_qfd,dmntfg eqdd dwsdms b_mmns
ad knb_sdc ’dudm _esdq bn_kdrbhmf(+ Nq_bkd hmbqd_rdr sgd c_s_ kd rhyd ax 0//LA _mc sqhdr sn
_kknb_sd sgd mdv dwsdms-
Sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms chr_akdr sgd _tsnl_shb kd,dwsdmrhnm ed_stqd9
KSDQ C S A RD
C S EHKD £.chrj1.nqZcZsZ.CA/0.Zook^cZsZ/0-cae£
TSNDWSDMC NEE:
He sgd kd _kqd_cx dwhrsr hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ _mc xnt v_ms sn dm_akd sgd _tsndwsdmrhnm ed_stqd+
trd sgd KSDQ C S A RD bnll_mc- Enq dw_lokd+ xnt b_m trd sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms9
KSDQ C S A RD
C S EHKD £.chrj1.nqZcZsZ.CA/0.Zook^cZsZ/0-cae£
TSNDWSDMC NM MDWS 0//L L WRHYD 1///L:
425 Bg_osdq 0/ Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc Ro_bd L_m_fdldms
Xnt b_m hmbqd_rd nq cdbqd_rd sgd rhyd ne _ c_s_ kd nq sdlonq_qx kd ’sgdqdax hmbqd_rhmf
nq cdbqd_rhmf sgd rhyd ne sgd s_akdro_bd( ax trhmf sgd QDRHYD bk_trd ne sgd KSDQ C S A RD
C S EHKD bnll_mc- Enq dw_lokd+ sn qdcdmd sgd rhyd ne _ kd+ trd sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms9
KSDQ C S A RD
C S EHKD £.chrj1.nqZcZsZ.CA/0.Zook^cZsZ/0-cae£
QDRHYD 04//L:
Vgdm cdbqd_rhmf sgd kd rhyd+ Nq_bkd qdstqmr _m dqqnq he hs mcr c_s_ adxnmc sgd mdv kd
rhyd- Xnt b_mmns qdctbd sgd kd rhyd adknv sgd ghfg,v_sdq l_qj hm sgd kd- Qdctbhmf sgd
kd rhyd gdkor qdbk_hl tmtrdc ro_bd-
Qdm_lhmf Ehkdr
Xnt b_m qdm_ld c_s_ kdr trhmf sgd QDM LD EHKD bk_trd ne sgd KSDQ C S A RD bnll_mc _r
hm sgd oqduhntr udqrhnm ne Nq_bkd nq trhmf sgd mdvkx hmsqnctbdc LNUD C S EHKD bk_trd- Xnt
b_m _krn qdm_ld c_s_ kdr ax trhmf sgd QDM LD C S EHKD bk_trd ne sgd KSDQ S AKDRO BD
bnll_mc- Sgd QDM LD nq LNUD etmbshnm_khsx hr trdc sn knfhb_kkx lnud s_akdro_bdr eqnl nmd
knb_shnm sn _mnsgdq- Sn qdm_ld nq qdknb_sd c_s_ kdr adknmfhmf sn _ mnm,RXRSDL s_akdro_bd+
xnt rgntkc enkknv bdqs_hm rsdor- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd-
Xntq s_akdro_bd TRDQ^C S g_r sgqdd m_ldc c_s_ kdr+ rtbg _r sgd enkknvhmf9
.chrj0.nqZcZsZ.CA/0.trdq^cZsZ/0-cae
.chrj0.nqZcZsZ.CA/0.trdqcZsZ1-cae
.chrj0.nqZcZsZ.CA/0.trdq^cZsZ/2-cae
L_m_fhmf C_s_ Ehkdr 426
Sgd LNUD C S EHKD bk_trd s_jdr b_qd ne bnoxhmf sgd kd eqnl sgd rntqbd chqdbsnqx sn sgd
cdrshm_shnm chqdbsnqx ’nq sn sgd ?RL chrjfqnto( _mc cdkdshmf sgd kd eqnl sgd rntqbd knb_,
shnm _esdq sgd bnox- He xnt cn mns v_ms Nq_bkd sn qdlnud sgd kd eqnl sgd rntqbd knb_shnm+ trd
sgd JDDO bk_trd+ _r hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd- ?RL hr chrbtrrdc hm Bg_osdq 07+ 'Trhmf Fqhc
Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc L_m_fdldms Snnkr-–
He enq rnld qd_rnm sgd cdrshm_shnm kd _kqd_cx dwhrsr _mc hr mns o_qs ne sgd c_s_a_rd+ xnt
b_m nudqvqhsd sgd kd trhmf sgd QDTRD bk_trd-
Sgd SN ;cZsZ ehkd= hm sgd LNUD C S EHKD bk_trd hr noshnm_k- Vgdm SN hr mns rodbhdc+
Nq_bkd lnudr sgd kd sn sgd knb_shnm rodbhdc ax sgd CA^BQD SD^EHKD^CDRS o_q_ldsdq _r
_m Nq_bkd L_m_fdc Ehkd-
1- Bnox nq lnud sgd ehkd sn sgd mdv knb_shnm+ nq qdm_ld sgd ehkd ax trhmf nodq_shmf,rxrsdl
bnll_mcr-
2- Qdm_ld sgd ehkd hm sgd c_s_a_rd ax trhmf nmd ne sgd enkknvhmf svn bnll_mcr9
D_rx Rbqhos Vqhshmf ?ookhb_shnm udmcnqr mddc mns vnqqx _ants sgd rxms_w enq rodbhexhmf
chqdbsnqx m_ldr hm sgd rbqhosr vgdm onqshmf sgd _ookhb_shnm sn ltkshokd ok_senqlr- Sgd r_ld
rbqhos b_m ad trdc sn bqd_sd s_akdro_bdr nm cheedqdms NR ok_senqlr-
Xntq nodq_shmf,rxrsdl _clhmhrsq_snq r_hc sg_s gd rddr _ kns ne bnmsdmshnm nm sgd G cqhud
_mc vntkc khjd noshnmr sn lnud rnld ne sgd qd_cr nee sgd G cqhud _mc sn F cqhud- ?r _ CA?+
xnt b_m lnud nmd ne sgd gns “kdr adknmfhmf sn sgd QDBDHU AKDR s_akdro_bd sn sgd F cqhud-
Xnt cn mns mddc sn s_jd sgd _ookhb_shnm nq c_s_a_rd nefihmd sn odqenql sgd c_s_ “kd lnud
nodq_shnm- Xnt b_m lnud sgd c_s_ “kd eqnl nmd knb_shnm sn _mnsgdq trhmf _ rhmfkd bnll_mc-
Sn ad nm sgd r_ed rhcd+ xnt lhfgs v_ms sn trd sgd JDDO bk_trd rn sgd nqhfhm_k “kd hr mns
cdkdsdc ax Nq_bkd- Xnt ltrs cdkdsd sgd “kd ntsrhcd ne Nq_bkd trhmf NR tshkhshdr sn r_ud ro_bd-
Sgd NLE ed_stqd b_m ad trdc sn bqd_sd kdr _mc sn qdlnud sgdl vgdm sgd bnqqdronmchmf
naidbs ’qdcn knf fqnto nq s_akdro_bd( hr cqnoodc eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd- Enq l_m_fhmf NLE,
bqd_sdc kdr+ rtbg _r qdm_lhmf nq qdrhyhmf+ xnt vhkk mddc sn trd sgd sq_chshnm_k ldsgncr-
Gdqd hr _mnsgdq dw_lokd sg_s bqd_sdr ltkshokd c_s_ kdr enq sgd s_akdro_bd- Sgd rdbnmc
_mc sghqc c_s_ kdr _qd _tsndwsdmrhakd-
Nmbd bqd_sdc+ Nq_bkd L_m_fdc Ehkdr _qd sqd_sdc khjd nsgdq c_s_a_rd kdr- Xnt b_m qdm_ld
_mc qdrhyd sgdl _mc ltrs a_bj sgdl to- ?qbghud knf kdr b_mmns ad l_m_fdc ax NLE-
Xnt g_ud addm _rjdc ax sgd udmcnq sn bqd_sd _ sdrs c_s_a_rd enq _ mdv _ookhb_shnm
xntq bnlo_mx itrs antfgs- Sgd c_s_a_rd hr sn ad trdc enq sdrshmf sgd etmbshnm_khsx ne
sgd _ookhb_shnm- Sgd udmcnq snkc xnt hs mddcr entq s_akdro_bdr9 RIB^C S + RIB^HMCDW+
VJV^C S + _mc VJV^HMCDW- Sgd rxrsdl _clhmhrsq_snq g_r oqnuhrhnmdc _m KUL chrj _mc
lntmsdc hs _r .nqZcZsZ-
Xnt cdbhcd sn trd sgd Nq_bkd L_m_fdc Ehkdr ed_stqd+ vghbg l_jdr xntq khed d_rhdq ax bqd_shmf
_mc bkd_mhmf sgd “kdr adknmfhmf sn sgd c_s_a_rd-
BQD SD C S A RD RIBSDRS
KNFEHKD RHYD 1/L
CDE TKS SDLONQ QX S AKDRO BD SDLO
SDLOEHKD RHYD 1//L
433 Bg_osdq 0/ Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc Ro_bd L_m_fdldms
Sgd oqduhntr bncd bqd_sdr _ c_s_a_rd b_kkdc RIBSDRS- Sgd RXRSDL s_akdro_bd+ tmcn
s_akdro_bd+ _mc sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd _qd bqd_sdc hm .nqZcZsZ- Sgd RXRSDL s_akdro_bd
g_r sgd cde_tks rhyd ne 0//LA+ _mc sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd _mc sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd vhkk
g_ud sgd rhyd ne 1//LA- Adb_trd xnt cn mns v_ms d_bg knf “kd ldladq sn ad 0//LA+
xnt rodbhex _ rl_kkdq rhyd enq nmkhmd qdcn knf ldladqr-
Svn bnmsqnk “kdr _qd bqd_sdc+ _mc qdcn knf “kdr vhsg svn ldladqr _qd bqd_sdc- Ansg
ldladqr _qd rsnqdc hm .nqZcZsZ-
?esdq qtmmhmf sgd mdbdrr_qx rbqhosr sn bqd_sd sgd b_s_knf _mc o_bj_fdr+ xnt bqd_sd sgd
s_akdro_bdr enq sgd _ookhb_shnm9
BQD SD S AKDRO BD RIB^C S C S EHKD RHYD 7//L TSNDWSDMC NM MDWS 4/L L WRHYD 7F:
BQD SD S AKDR OBD VJV^HMCDW
DWSDMS L M FDLDMS KNB K TMHENQL RHYD 401J
C S EHKD RHYD 4//L TSNDWSDMC NM MDWS 4/L L WRHYD 7F:
BQD SD S AKDRO BD VJV^C S TSNDWSDMC NM MDWS 4/L L WRHYD 7F:
BQD SD S AKDRO BD RIB^HMCDW
DWSDMS L M FDLDMS KNB K TMHENQL RHYD 401J
C S EHKD RHYD 4//L TSNDWSDMC NM MDWS 4/L L WRHYD 7F:
?kk c_s_ “kdr enq _ookhb_shnm s_akdro_bdr _qd bqd_sdc vhsg sgd _tsndwsdmc noshnm+ _mc sgd
“kd hmbqdldmsr ax 4/L+ to sn 7FA-
U!C?S?EHKD
Sghr uhdv rgnvr c_s_ kd hmenql_shnm eqnl sgd bnmsqnk kd9
U!SDLOEHKD
Rhlhk_q sn U#C S EHKD+ sghr uhdv rgnvr hmenql_shnm _ants sgd sdlonq_qx kdr9
CA?^C?S?^EHKDR
Sghr uhdv chrok_xr hmenql_shnm _ants sgd kdm_ldr+ _rrnbh_sdc s_akdro_bd m_ldr+ rhyd+
_mc rs_str9
CA?^SDLO^EHKDR
Sghr uhdv chrok_xr hmenql_shnm rhlhk_q sn sg_s ne CA ^C S ^EHKDR enq sgd sdlonq_qx kdr hm
sgd c_s_a_rd9
Sgd l_whltl mtladq ne c_s_ kdr odq s_akdro_bd hr NR,cdodmcdms+ ats nm lnrs nodq_s,
hmf rxrsdlr+ hs hr 0+/11- Sgd l_whltl mtladq ne c_s_ kdr odq c_s_a_rd hr 54+422- Sgd
L WC S EHKDR bk_trd hm sgd BQD SD C S A RD _mc BQD SD BNMSQNKEHKD rs_sdldmsr _krn
khlhsr sgd mtladq ne c_s_ kdr odq c_s_a_rd- Sgd l_whltl c_s_ kd rhyd hr NR,cdodmcdms-
Sgdqd hr mn khlhs nm sgd mtladq ne s_akdro_bdr odq c_s_a_rd- Adb_trd nmkx 54+422 c_s_ kdr
_qd _kknvdc odq c_s_a_rd+ xnt b_mmns g_ud lnqd sg_m 54+422 s_akdro_bdr+ adb_trd d_bg
s_akdro_bd mddcr _s kd_rs nmd c_s_ kd-
? trdetk sdbgmhptd enq l_m_fhmf chrj ro_bd trdc ax c_s_ kdr hr sn dm_akd TSNDWSDMC enq
_ookhb_shnm s_akdro_bdr+ vghbg sdkkr sgd c_s_a_rd sn _tsnl_shb_kkx dmk_qfd _ c_s_ kd vgdm
sgd s_akdro_bd qtmr nts ne eqdd ro_bd- Sgd TSNDWSDMC _ssqhatsd _ookhdr sn hmchuhct_k c_s_
kdr _mc mns sn sgd s_akdro_bd-
Sn qdrhyd _ c_s_ kd l_mt_kkx+ trd sgd KSDQ C S A RD C S EHKD rs_sdldms+ khjd sghr9
KSDQ C S A RD C S EHKD
£.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.nqZcZsZ.01BQ00.dwZlokd/0-cae£ QDRHYD 1///L:
KSDQ C S A RD C S EHKD
£B9[NQ BKD[NQ C S [NQ 0/[C S /0-CAE£
TSNDWSDMC NM MDWS 0//L L WRHYD 7///L:
437 Bg_osdq 0/ Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc Ro_bd L_m_fdldms
Bqd_shmf _ s_akdro_bd trhmf DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr hr d_rx _mc dqqnq eqdd- Rdkdbs
S_akdro_bdr eqnl sgd Rsnq_fd cqno,cnvm ldmt ne DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr- Bkhbj sgd Bqd_sd
atssnm: sgd Bqd_sd S_akdro_bd rbqddm vhkk _ood_q+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 0/-4- Hm sghr rbqddm+
m_ld sgd s_akdro_bd _mc bkhbj NJ sn bqd_sd _ s_akdro_bd vhsg _kk cde_tksr-
RPK Cdudknodq fhudr sgd noshnm sn bqd_sd s_akdro_bdr _r chbshnm_qx l_m_fdc nq knb_kkx
l_m_fdc- Sgd Bqd_sd S_akdro_bd ch_knf anw ne RPK Cdudknodq hr rgnvm hm Ehftqd 0/-6-
Enq Knb_k Dwsdms L_m_fdldms+ xnt b_m bgdbj sgd ?tsn ?kknb_sd bgdbj anw enq _tsnl_shb
dwsdms _kknb_shnm nq oqnuhcd Tmhenql Rhyd enq dwsdms l_m_fdldms- Enq Chbshnm_qx Dwsdms
L_m_fhmf Ro_bd 438
L_m_fdldms+ xnt b_m bgdbj sgd Cdmd Dwsdmsr bgdbj anw _mc l_mt_kkx dmsdq sgd rsnq_fd
oqnodqshdr-
Hm sgd RPK Cdudknodq Bqd_sd S_akdro_bd rbqddm rgnvm hm Ehftqd 0/-6+ xnt rodbhex sghr
noshnm ax bgnnrhmf ?tsn eqnl sgd cqno,cnvm ldmt adrhcd Rdfldms L_m_fdldms-
Trhmf Bnloqdrrhnm
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b g_r _ bnloqdrrhnm ed_stqd sg_s qdctbdr sgd rsnq_fd ennsoqhms ne sgd
c_s_a_rd- A_rhb bnloqdrrhnm hm _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd g_r addm _u_hk_akd rhmbd udqrhnm 8h- Vgdm
xnt bqd_sd _ mdv s_akdro_bd+ MNBNLOQDRR hr sgd cde_tks+ vghbg ld_mr mn bnloqdrrhnm nm sgd
aknbjr- Sgd Bqd_sd S_akdro_bd trhmf DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr rbqddm rgnvm hm Ehftqd 0/-7 _krn
rgnvr sgd bnloqdrrhnm noshnmr _u_hk_akd- Trhmf DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr+ xnt b_m bgnnrd dhsgdq
a_rhb bnloqdrrhnm nq NKSO bnloqdrrhnm-
Vgdm bqd_shmf nq _ksdqhmf s_akdro_bdr+ xnt b_m rds sgd BNLOQDRR nq MNBNLOQDRR noshnm-
Sgdx vhkk _bs _r sgd cde_tks enq sgd naidbsr bqd_sdc hm sgd s_akdro_bd- He sgd s_akd nq hmcdw
cdmhshnm g_r cheedqdms BNLOQDRR nq MNBNLOQDRR noshnmr+ sgnrd noshnmr vhkk ad _ookhdc enq
sgd naidbs-
BNLOQDRR sdkkr Nq_bkd sn trd a_rhb bnloqdrrhnm- A_rhb bnloqdrrhnm bnloqdrrdr c_s_ kn_cdc
trhmf sgd chqdbs,kn_c ldsgnc- Qdftk_q CLK c_s_ hr mns bnloqdrrdc- Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd
rgnvr gnv sn bqd_sd _ s_akd rsqtbstqd vhsg sgd BNLOQDRR bk_trd eqnl _m dwhrshmf s_akd+ gnv sn
kn_c c_s_ hmsn sgd mdv s_akd trhmf _ chqdbs,kn_c nodq_shnm+ _mc bnloqdrr sgd kn_cdc c_s_- Sgd
OODMC ghms hm sgd HMRDQS rs_sdldms chqdbsr Nq_bkd sn trd sgd chqdbs,kn_c ldsgnc-
Bnloqdrrhnm enq NKSO bnloqdrrdr sgd c_s_ hm sgd c_s_ aknbj- Sgd bnloqdrrhnm g_oodmr
_s _ aknbj kdudk+ mns vgdm qnvr _qd hmrdqsdc hmsn sgd s_akd- Sgd qnvr _qd hmrdqsdc _r tmbnl,
oqdrrdc ctqhmf mnql_k CLK nodq_shnmr- NKSO S_akd Bnloqdrrhnm g_r mn mdf_shud hlo_bs
nm qd_c nodq_shnmr- Nq_bkd bnloqdrrdr aknbjr hm a_sbg lncd q_sgdq sg_m bnloqdrrhmf c_s_
dudqx shld _ CLK nodq_shnm s_jdr ok_bd- ? aknbj hr hmhsh_kkx tmbnloqdrrdc tmshk c_s_ hm sgd
aknbj qd_bgdr _m hmsdqm_kkx bnmsqnkkdc sgqdrgnkc- Vgdm _ sq_mr_bshnm b_trdr sgd c_s_ hm sgd
aknbj sn qd_bg sghr sgqdrgnkc+ _kk bnmsdmsr ne sgd aknbj _qd bnloqdrrdc- Vgdm lnqd c_s_ hr
_ccdc _mc sghr sgqdrgnkc hr qd_bgdc _f_hm+ sgd bnloqdrrhnm nodq_shnm g_oodmr _f_hm- Sghr
oqnbdrr hr qdod_sdc tmshk sgd ghfgdrs kdudk ne bnloqdrrhnm hr _bghdudc-
Sgd enkknvhmf hr _m dw_lokd ne bqd_shmf sgd s_akd enq NKSO bnloqdrrhnm _mc kn_chmf
c_s_ hm _ bnmudmshnm_k ldsgnc-
Lnqd bnloqdrrhnm noshnmr _qd _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- Ehftqd 0/-8 rgnvr sgd
bnloqdrrhnm noshnmr _u_hk_akd enq Bqd_sd S_akdro_bd trhmf RPK Cdudknodq-
L_m_fhmf Ro_bd 440
Sgd _cchshnm_k bnloqdrr noshnmr chrok_xdc hm sgd rbqddm _qd _ookhb_akd nmkx sn Dw_c_s_
l_bghmdr-
VHSG
sr^eqdd R &RDKDBS sZakdroZbd^mZld+ qntmc&rtl&axsdr(.0/37465( eqdd^la
EQNL caZ^eqdd^roZbd FQNTO AX sZakdroZbd^mZld(+
sr^Zkknb R &RDKDBS sZakdroZbd^mZld+ qntmc&rtl&axsdr(.0/37465( Zkknb^la
EQNL caZ^cZsZ^ehkdr FQNTO AX sZakdroZbd^mZld(
RDKDBS sZakdroZbd^mZld+ rsZstr+ Zkknb^la+
eqdd^la+ Zkknb^la,eqdd^la trdc^la
EQNL caZ^sZakdroZbdr
INHM sr^Zkknb TRHMF &sZakdroZbd^mZld(
INHM sr^eqdd TRHMF &sZakdroZbd^mZld(
.
Vgdm c_s_ kdr _qd rds sn TSNDWSDMC+ sgd ptdqx mddcr sn ad lnchdc sn s_jd sg_s hmsn
_bbntms- Rdd sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx enq _m dw_lokd-
VHSG
sr^eqdd R &RDKDBS sZakdroZbd^mZld+ qntmc&rtl&axsdr(.0/37465( eqdd^la
EQNL caZ^eqdd^roZbd FQNTO AX sZakdroZbd^mZld(+
sr^Zkknb R &RDKDBS sZakdroZbd^mZld+
qntmc&rtl&cdbncd&Ztsndwsdmrhakd+ £XDR£+ lZwaxsdr+ axsdr((.0/37465(
Zkknb^la
EQNL caZ^cZsZ^ehkdr FQNTO AX sZakdroZbd^mZld(
RDKDBS sZakdroZbd^mZld+ rsZstr+ Zkknb^la+ eqdd^la+ Zkknb^la,eqdd^la trdc^la
EQNL caZ^sZakdroZbdr s
INHM sr^Zkknb Z TRHMF &sZakdroZbd^mZld(
INHM sr^eqdd e TRHMF &sZakdroZbd^mZld(
.
RPK Cdudknodq _krn chrok_xr s_akdro_bd tr_fd hmenql_shnm- Rdd Ehftqd 0/-00- Sgd Ehkdr
s_a rgnvr sgd cds_hkr ne c_s_ kdr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg sgd s_akdro_bdr- Sgd Eqdd Ro_bd s_a rgnvr
sgd eqdd,ro_bd cds_hk ax s_akdro_bd-
L_m_fhmf Ro_bd 444
Bkhbjhmf nm sgd Qdbnlldmc_shnm Cds_hkr rgnvr sgd hmchuhct_k naidbsr hm sgd s_akdro_bd
_mc gnv ltbg ro_bd bntkc ad qdbk_hldc vhsg sgd qdbnlldmcdc nodq_shnm- Rdd Ehftqd 0/-03-
?tsnl_shb Rdfldms ?cuhrnq Ina hr rds to _tsnl_shb_kkx hm sgd c_s_a_rd sn qtm sgd Rdfldms
?cuhrnq ctqhmf sgd l_hmsdm_mbd vhmcnv ’ TSN^RO BD^ CUHRNQ^INA(- Sgd Rdfldms ?cuhrnq
qdrtksr b_m ad ptdqhdc chqdbskx eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd CA ^ CUHRNQ^$ uhdvr- Sgd enkknv,
hmf uhdvr _qd _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Qdkd_rd 0-
CA ^ CUHRNQ^EHMCHMFR9 Rgnvr sgd mchmfr ne Rdfldms ?cuhrnq-
447 Bg_osdq 0/ Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc Ro_bd L_m_fdldms
DMC:
.
RPK=
RPK= DWDB CALR^ CUHRNQ-RDS^S RJ^O Q LDSDQ &sZrj^mZld <= £WW^C S ^RDF^ CU£+
oZqZldsdq <= £QDBNLLDMC^ KK£+ uZktd <= £SQTD£(:
RPK=
RPK= DWDB CALR^ CUHRNQ-DWDBTSD^S RJ &sZrj^mZld <= £WW^C S ^RDF^ CU£(:
LDRR FD
LNQD^HMEN
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
DmZakd qnv lnudldms ne sgd sZakd RXRSDL-WW^C S Zmc odqenql rgqhmj+ drshlZsdc
rZuhmfr hr 141023084 axsdr-
kknbZsdc RoZbd94/220537/9 Trdc RoZbd91400711749 QdbkZhlZakd RoZbd 9141023084
RPK=
RPK= RDKDBS admdehs^sxod
EQNL caZ^Zcuhrnq^qdbnlldmcZshnmr
VGDQD sZrj^mZld < £WW^C S ^RDF^ CU£:
ADMDEHS^SXOD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
DmZakd qnv lnudldms ne sgd sZakd RXRSDL-WW^C S Zmc odqenql rgqhmj+ drshlZsdc
rZuhmfr hr 141023084 axsdr-
RPK=
Rn ntq dwodbs_shnm v_r bnqqdbs- Sgd WW^C S s_akd cndr g_ud rnld qdbk_hl_akd ro_bd-
U_khc_sd sgd btqqdms _kknb_sdc ro_bd _mc sgdm odqenql sgd Rgqhmj Ro_bd nodq_shnm-
L_m_fhmf Ro_bd 448
AXSDR
,,,,,,,,,,
4/220537/
RPK=
Mnv+ enkknv sgd qdbnlldmc_shnm- Ehqrs+ vd vhkk odqenql sgd BNLO BS sn rgnv sgd hlo_bs
nm _kknb_sdc ro_bd+ _mc sgdm vd vhkk odqenql _ rgqhmj-
SZakd Zksdqdc-
SZakd Zksdqdc-
AXSDR
,,,,,,,,,,
4/220537/
SZakd Zksdqdc-
AXSDR
,,,,,,,,,,
101487673
RPK=
trhmf KSDQ RDRRHNM DM AKD QDRTL AKD SHLDNTS shldnts^uZktd+ vgdqd shldnts^uZktd hr
mnmydqn- Sgd shldnts^uZktd enq sgd rdrrhnm nq hm sgd o_q_ldsdq hr rodbhdc hm rdbnmcr-
He sgd rtrodmcdc dqqnq bnmchshnm hr mns qdbshdc vhsghm sgd shld rodbhdc ax sgd shldntsZ
u_ktd nq QDRTL AKD^SHLDNTS o_q_ldsdq+ _m dqqnq hr qdstqmdc sn sgd trdq rdrrhnm- ? qdrtl_akd
rs_sdldms b_m ad rtrodmcdc _mc qdrtldc ltkshokd shldr ctqhmf hsr dwdbtshnm- Sgd shldnts
b_m ad lnchdc trhmf sgd CALR^QDRTL AKD-RDS^SHLDNTS oqnbdctqd _r vdkk _r KSDQ RDRRHNM
DM AKD QDRTL AKD SHLDNTS shldnts^uZktd-
Sgd CA ^QDRTL AKD uhdv b_m ad ptdqhdc sn uhdv sghr hmenql_shnm _r vdkk-
He mn _bshnm hr s_jdm sn w sgd dqqnq bnmchshnm+ sgd trdq rdrrhnm vhkk qdbdhud sgd dqqnq _esdq
sgd shldnts odqhnc-
He _bshnm s_jdm sn w sgd dqqnq bnmchshnm adenqd sgd shldnts dwohqdr+ sgd trdq rdrrhnm vhkk
mns qdbdhud _m dqqnq nq ldrr_fd- Sgd _kdqs knf vhkk g_ud sgd enkknvhmf hmenql_shnm9
He xnt vntkc khjd sn ad mnshdc ax dl_hk+ xnt b_m vqhsd sgd _ooqnoqh_sd bncd hm sgd
ESDQ RTRODMC dudms sqhffdq+ _r hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd9
He xnt trd NDL Bkntc Bnmsqnk+ xnt vhkk ad mnshdc vgdm _ qdrtl_akd rdrrhnm rtr,
odmcdc dudms nbbtqr- Rn sg_s sgd CA? g_r shld sn qdronmc _mc w sgd hrrtd+ jddo sgd
shldnts u_ktd k_qfd-
Rtll_qx
Sghr bg_osdq chrbtrrdc sgd lnrs hlonqs_ms _rodbs ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b9 rsnqhmf c_s_-
Xnt kd_qmdc sn bqd_sd ansg s_akdro_bdr _mc c_s_ kdr- Xnt entmc nts gnv sn bqd_sd _mc
l_m_fd s_akdro_bdr+ _r vdkk _r gnv Nq_bkd rsnqdr rnld rbgdl_ naidbsr _r rdfldmsr sg_s
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 452
_qd bnloqhrdc ne dwsdmsr _mc c_s_ aknbjr- ? c_s_ aknbj hr sgd lhmhltl tmhs ne H.N hm _m
Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd- Dudqx c_s_ aknbj g_r _m hmsdqm_k rsqtbstqd jmnvm _r sgd aknbj enql_s sn
sq_bj sgd c_s_ rsnqdc hm sgd aknbj _r vdkk _r sgd eqdd ro_bd rshkk _u_hk_akd hm sgd aknbj-
? c_s_ kd adknmfr sn nmd s_akdro_bd+ _mc _ s_akdro_bd b_m g_ud nmd nq lnqd c_s_ kdr- Sgd
rhyd ne sgd s_akdro_bd hr sgd sns_k rhyd ne _kk sgd c_s_ kdr adknmfhmf sn sg_s s_akdro_bd- Sgd rhyd
ne sgd c_s_a_rd hr sgd sns_k rhyd ne _kk s_akdro_bdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ vghbg hr sgd r_ld _r sgd
sns_k rhyd ne _kk c_s_ kdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- S_akdro_bdr _qd knfhb_k rsnq_fd tmhsr trdc sn fqnto
c_s_ cdodmchmf nm sgdhq sxod nq b_sdfnqx- Sgd qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm c_s_ kdr _mc s_akdro_bdr
hr hlonqs_ms sn tmcdqrs_mc enq sgd bdqshb_shnm dw_l-
S_akdro_bdr b_m l_m_fd sgd dwsdmsr sgqntfg sgd Nq_bkd chbshnm_qx nq knb_kkx hm sgd c_s_
kdr sg_s adknmf sn sgd s_akdro_bd- Knb_kkx l_m_fdc s_akdro_bdr b_m g_ud tmhenql dwsdms
rhydr: sghr qdctbdr eq_fldms_shnm _mc v_rsdc ro_bd- Xnt b_m _krn l_jd Nq_bkd odqenql sgd
dmshqd dwsdms rhyhmf enq knb_kkx l_m_fdc s_akdro_bdr-
? sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd hr trdc enq rnqshmf nodq_shnmr: mn odql_mdms naidbsr b_m ad bqd,
_sdc hm _ sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd- Nmkx nmd rnqs rdfldms vhkk ad bqd_sdc enq d_bg hmrs_mbd hm
sgd sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd- Ltkshokd sq_mr_bshnmr b_m trd sgd r_ld rnqs rdfldms+ ats nmd
sq_mr_bshnm b_m trd nmkx nmd dwsdms- ?ksgntfg sdlonq_qx kdr _qd o_qs ne sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgdx
cn mns _ood_q hm sgd bnmsqnk kd+ _mc sgd aknbj bg_mfdr cn mns fdmdq_sd _mx qdcn hmenql_,
shnm adb_trd _kk sgd rdfldmsr bqd_sdc nm knb_kkx l_m_fdc sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bdr _qd sdlon,
q_qx rdfldmsr-
Sgd knb_kkx l_m_fdc s_akdro_bdr dkhlhm_sd sgd dwsdms l_m_fdldms _bshuhshdr eqnl sgd
CA?+ _mc sgd _tsnl_shb rdfldms ro_bd l_m_fdldms ed_stqd dkhlhm_sdr sgd mddc sn l_m_fd
eqdd khrsr ax trhmf ahsl_or- S_akdro_bd c_s_ kdr b_m ad rds sn dwsdmc _tsnl_shb_kkx vgdm,
dudq ro_bd hr mddcdc hm sgd s_akdro_bd- S_akdro_bd rsnq_fd b_m ad lnmhsnqdc trhmf c_s_ chb,
shnm_qx uhdvr nq trhmf snnkr khjd Nq_bkd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq-
Xnt _krn kd_qmdc _ants trhmf sgd bnloqdrrhnm noshnmr vgdm bqd_shmf _ s_akdro_bd _mc ctq,
hmf naidbs bqd_shnm- A_rhb bnloqdrrhnm hr _ookhb_akd nmkx enq chqdbs,kn_c nodq_shnmr+ vgdqd_r
NKSO bnloqdrrhnm bnloqdrrdr aknbjr a_rdc nm _ aknbj etkk _kfnqhsgl- Dw_c_s_ rxrsdlr g_ud
_cchshnm_k gxodq bnktlm_q bnloqdrrhnm ed_stqdr- Sgd Rdfldms ?cuhrnq b_m ad trdc sn fds
_cuhbd nm qdbk_hl_akd ro_bd hm rdfldmsr- Rtbg rdfldms ro_bd b_m ad qdbk_hldc nmkhmd trhmf
sgd RGQHMJ RO BD bk_trd hm RPK nq trhmf NDL-
Vgdm s_akdro_bdr qd_bg nts,ne,ro_bd nq _ rdfldmsr,b_mmns,dwsdms rhst_shnm _qhrdr+ sgd
qdrtl_akd ro_bd _kknb_shnm ed_stqd b_m rtrodmc sgd rdrrhnm _mc qdrtld _esdq sgd ro_bd bnm,
chshnm hr qdbshdc+ sgdqdax _unhchmf _m dqqnq- Vgdm _ rdrrhnm hr rtrodmcdc+ hs hr vqhssdm sn
sgd _kdqs knf _mc _m dudms sqhffdq hr qdc-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Jmnv sgd qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm c_s_ ehkdr _mc s_akdro_bdr- S_akdro_bdr _qd athks nm nmd nq
lnqd c_s_ kdr- Ahfkd s_akdro_bdr _qd athks nm _ rhmfkd c_s_ kd+ _mc rl_kkkd s_akdro_bdr
_qd athks nm nmd nq lnqd c_s_ kdr-
453 Bg_osdq 0/ Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc Ro_bd L_m_fdldms
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd rs_sdldmsr mddcdc sn bqd_sd* lnchex* _mc cqno s_akdro_bdr- Trd _ BQD SD
S AKDRO BD+ KSDQ S AKDRO BD+ nq CQNO S AKDRO BD rs_sdldms sn bqd_sd+ lnchex+ nq cqno _
s_akdro_bd+ qdrodbshudkx-
Jmnv gnv sn s_jd s_akdro_bdr neekhmd _mc tmcdqrs_mc sgd bnmrdptdmbdr sgd NEEKHMD
HLLDCH SD noshnm onrdr- Trd _m KSDQ S AKDRO BD rs_sdldms sn s_jd _ s_akdro_bd nehmd
nq aqhmf hs nmkhmd- He xnt trd sgd NEEKHMD HLLDCH SD noshnm+ xnt ltrs odqenql ldch_
qdbnudqx vgdm xnt aqhmf hs a_bj nmkhmd-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd cde_tks s_akdro_bdr enq sgd c_s_a_rd- Vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd hr bqd_sdc+ he xnt
cn mns rodbhex sgd CDE TKS S AKDRO BD _mc CDE TKS SDLONQ QX S AKDRO BD bk_trdr+ sgd
RXRSDL s_akdro_bd vhkk ad sgd cde_tks enq trdq naidbsr _mc sdlonq_qx rdfldmsr-
Jmnv gnv sn trd DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr sn uhdv s_akdro_bd hmenql_shnm- Sgd DL C_s_a_rd
Dwoqdrr nq Bkntc Bnmsqnk b_m ad trdc sn uhdv s_akdro_bd hmenql_shnm+ _r vdkk _r odqenql
u_qhntr _clhmhrsq_shud s_rjr- ? vnqjhmf jmnvkdcfd ne sghr snnk hr qdpthqdc-
Jmnv sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm rdfldms ro_bd l_m_fdldms _mc dwsdms l_m_fdldms- Dwsdms
l_m_fdldms cd_kr vhsg rdfldms,kdudk ro_bd _kknb_shnmr+ _mc rdfldms ro_bd l_m_fdldms
cd_kr vhsg c_s_ aknbj,kdudk ro_bd _kknb_shnmr-
Jmnv vghbg hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq bnmsqnkr NLE ok_bdldms- Sgd CA^BQD SD^EHKD^
CDRS o_q_ldsdq sdkkr sgd c_s_a_rd vgdqd sn ok_bd Nq_bkd L_m_fdc Ehkdr-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd bnloqdrrhnm noshnmr- Sgd cde_tks bnloqdrrhnm noshnm b_m ad rds _s sgd
s_akdro_bd kdudk+ _mc hmchuhct_k naidbsr b_m nudqqhcd sgd bnloqdrrhnm noshnm-
Jmnv sgd dudmsr sg_s hmunjd _ rdrrhnm rtrodmrhnm vgdm _ ro_bd bnmchshnm hr qd_bgdc- Nts,
ne,ro_bd+ dwsdmsr,qd_bghmf,l_whltl+ _mc ro_bd,ptns_,dwbddcdc bnmchshnmr hmunjd rdrrhnm
rtrodmrhnm- Rdrrhnm rtrodmcdc k_rsr tmshk sgd shldnts u_ktd hm rdbnmcr hr qd_bgdc-
Kd_qm gnv Rdfldms :cuhrnq b_m ad hmunjdc _mc _ookx hsr qdbnlldmc_shnm- Rdfldms
?cuhrnq _m_kxrdr ro_bd tr_fd ne rdfldmsr _mc qdbnlldmcr qdbk_hl_akd ro_bd- Kd_qm sgd
noshnmr _u_hk_akd sn qdbk_hl rtbg ro_bd-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 454
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr _ants s_akdro_bdr hr sqtd>
?- ? s_akdro_bd hr sgd ogxrhb_k hlokdldms_shnm ne _ knfhb_k rsqtbstqd b_kkdc _
m_ldro_bd-
A- ? s_akdro_bd b_m gnkc sgd naidbsr ne nmkx nmd rbgdl_-
B- ? ahfehkd s_akdro_bd b_m g_ud nmkx nmd c_s_ ehkd-
C- Sgd RXR TW s_akdro_bd hr _m noshnm_k s_akdro_bd bqd_sdc nmkx he xnt hmrs_kk bdqs_hm
c_s_a_rd noshnmr-
1- ?tsnl_shb rdfldms ro_bd l_m_fdldms nm sgd s_akdro_bd b_trdr vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf
s_akd _ssqhatsdr hm sg_s s_akdro_bd sn ad hfmnqdc>
?- Sgd vgnkd rsnq_fd bk_trd
A- MDWS _mc OBSHMBQD RD
B- ATEEDQONNK _mc EQDDONNK
C- OBSEQDD _mc OBSTRDC
4- Xnt odqenqldc sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Vg_s _bshnmr b_m xnt odqenql
nm sgd BTRS^HMEN s_akd hm sgd BTRS^C S s_akdro_bd- ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
5- He sgd s_akdro_bd hr neekhmd+ vghbg rs_sdldmsr rgntkc ad dwdbtsdc sn l_jd sgd TRDQR
s_akdro_bd qd_c,nmkx> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- KSDQ S AKDRO BD TRDQR QD C NMKX
A- KSDQ C S A RD L JD S AKDRO BD TRDQR QD C NMKX
B- KSDQ S AKDRO BD TRDQR NMKHMD
C- KSDQ S AKDRO BD TRDQR SDLONQ QX
6- Gnv vntkc xnt _cc lnqd ro_bd sn _ s_akdro_bd> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- KSDQ S AKDRO BD ;S AKDRO BD M LD= CC C S EHKD RHYD ;M=
A- KSDQ C S A RD C S EHKD ;EHKDM LD= QDRHYD ;M=
B- KSDQ C S EHKD ;EHKDM>LD= QDRHYD ;M=
C- KSDQ S AKDRO BD ;S>AKDRO>BD M>LD= C S EHKD ;EHKDM>LD=
QDRHYD ;M=
7- Sgd c_s_a_rd hr trhmf _tsnl_shb ldlnqx l_m_fdldms- Sgd rs_mc_qc aknbj rhyd enq
sgd c_s_a_rd hr 7JA- Xnt mddc sn bqd_sd _ s_akdro_bd vhsg _ aknbj rhyd ne 05JA-
Vghbg hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq rgntkc ad rds>
?- CA^7J^B BGD^RHYD
A- CA^05J^B BGD^RHYD
B- CA^B BGD^RHYD
C- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
8- Vghbg c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdv b_m ad ptdqhdc sn nas_hm hmenql_shnm _ants sgd ehkdr sg_s
adknmf sn knb_kkx l_m_fdc sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bdr>
?- CA ^C S ^EHKDR
A- CA ^S AKDRO BDR
B- CA ^SDLO^EHKDR
C- CA ^KNB K^EHKDR
0/- Gnv vntkc xnt cqno _ s_akdro_bd he sgd s_akdro_bd vdqd mns dlosx>
?- Qdm_ld _kk sgd naidbsr hm sgd s_akdro_bd+ _mc sgdm cqno sgd s_akdro_bd-
A- Qdlnud sgd c_s_ ehkdr adknmfhmf sn sgd s_akdro_bd eqnl sgd chrj-
B- Trd KSDQ C S A RD CQNO ;S AKDRO BD M LD= B RB CD-
C- Trd CQNO S AKDRO BD ;S AKDRO BD M LD= HMBKTCHMF BNMSDMSR-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 456
00- Vghbg bnll_mc hr trdc sn dm_akd sgd _tsndwsdmrhakd ed_stqd enq _ ehkd he sgd ehkd hr
_kqd_cx o_qs ne _ s_akdro_bd>
?- KSDQ C S A RD-
A- KSDQ S AKDRO BD-
B- KSDQ C S EHKD-
C- Xnt b_mmns bg_mfd sgd _tsndwsdmrhakd ed_stqd nmbd sgd c_s_ ehkd hr bqd_sdc-
02- Sgd cde_tks bqhshb_k sgqdrgnkc enq _ s_akdro_bd hr rds _s 86 odqbdms+ _mc xnt sghmj sg_s
hr snn knv- Vghbg svn noshnmr b_m xnt trd sn bg_mfd sgd sgqdrgnkc u_ktd sn 8/ odqbdms
enq s_akdro_bd OOR^C S >
?- Trd Nq_bkd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr-
A- Trd Nq_bkd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq Bkntc Bnmsqnk-
B- Trd CALR^RDQUDQ^ KDQS o_bj_fd-
C- Trd CALR^RO BD o_bj_fd-
04- Gnv cn xnt dmrtqd xnt _qd mnshehdc vgdm _ qdrtl_akd rdrrhnm hr rtrodmcdc>
’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- Xnt&kk ad mnshehdc ax dl_hk _s sgd _ccqdrr qdfhrsdqdc hm c_s_a_rd oqnodqshdr-
A- Vqhsd _ btrsnl rbqhos sn knnj enq 'rs_sdldms hm qdrtl_akd rdrrhnm ) v_r rtrodmcdc–
hm sgd _kdqs knf _mc mnshex sgd CA?-
B- Bqd_sd _m ESDQ RTRODMC sqhffdq _mc _ bncd mnshehb_shnm-
C- ? rtrodmcdc rdrrhnm chrok_xr _ ldrr_fd nm sgd rbqddm-
457 Bg_osdq 0/ Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc Ro_bd L_m_fdldms
06- Vghbg bnloqdrrhnm noshnm rgntkc ad rodbhehdc sn bnloqdrr aknbjr ne s_akdr sg_s _qd
trdc ax sgd NKSO _ookhb_shnm>
?- BNLOQDRR
A- MNBNLOQDRR
B- BNLOQDRR ENQ NKSO
C- BNLOQDRR ENQ NMKHMD CLK
08- Xnt hrrtd sgd rs_sdldms BQD SD S AKDRO BD W:- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hr sgd
adrs noshnm>
?- Sgd rs_sdldms e_hkr adb_trd l_mc_snqx oqnodqshdr _qd mns cdehmdc-
A- Sgd 0//LA s_akdro_bd hr bqd_sdc-
B- Sgd l_mc_snqx C S EHKD bk_trd hr lhrrhmf-
C- Sgd s_akdro_bd m_ld rgntkc ad _s kd_rs sgqdd bg_q_bsdqr knmf-
00
Bnmbtqqdmbx
Zmc Tmcn
Bnmrhrsdmbx Bnmrhrsdmbx dmrtqdr sg_s sgd qdrtks ne sgd ptdqx hmchb_sdr sgd rs_sd ne sgd c_s_
vgdm sgd ptdqx rs_qsdc- Enq dw_lokd+ he xnt _qd ptdqxhmf _ k_qfd s_akd sg_s mnql_kkx s_jdr
2/ lhmtsdr sn qd_c _kk qdbnqcr+ _mc rnldnmd bg_mfdc _ edv qnvr ne sgd s_akd 04 lhmtsdr
hmsn sgd ptdqx+ sgd ptdqx rgntkc rshkk rgnv xnt bnmrhrsdms hmenql_shnm _r hs dwhrsdc vgdm
sgd ptdqx rs_qsdc-
Hrnk_shnm Hrnk_shnm l_mc_sdr sg_s tmr_udc ’mns bnllhssdc( hmenql_shnm hr mns uhrhakd sn
nsgdq trdqr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd rdrrhnm sg_s hr l_jhmf bg_mfdr sn sgd c_s_ ltrs rdd nmkx
sgd tmbnllhssdc bg_mfdr+ mns nsgdq sq_mr_bshnmr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Bg_mfdr rgntkc ad uhrhakd
sn nsgdq rdrrhnmr vgdm sgd sq_mr_bshnm l_jhmf sgd bg_mfd hr bnllhssdc-
Ctq_ahkhsx Sgd bg_mfdr l_cd ax sgd bnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr _qd r_udc _mc sgd rxrsdl
ltrs mns knrd sgd bg_mfd+ dudm he sgdqd hr _ rxrsdl e_hktqd- Sgd c_s_a_rd ltrs ft_q_msdd
sg_s _ bnllhssdc bg_mfd hr mdudq knrs-
Sgd qdcn _mc tmcn ldbg_mhrl ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b dmrtqdr ?BHC oqnodqshdr ne
sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd- Kds&r qduhdv vg_s g_oodmr vgdm _ trdq rdrrhnm l_jdr
bg_mfdr sn _ s_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
Tmcdqrs_mchmf zBg_mfd“
Vhsg sgd qrs CLK rs_sdldms hm _ rdrrhnm+ _ sq_mr_bshnm hr hmhsh_sdc _mc hs dmcr vgdm sgd
bg_mfd hr r_udc ’BNLLHS( nq vgdm sgd bg_mfd hr chrb_qcdc ’QNKKA BJ(- Vgdm _ bg_mfd hr l_cd
sn sgd c_s_a_rd+ hs hr mns hlldch_sdkx uhrhakd sn nsgdq rdrrhnmr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd bg_mfd hr
uhrhakd nmkx _esdq sgd bg_mfd,hmhsh_sdc rdrrhnm odqenqlr _ bnllhs- Tmshk sgd bg_mfd hr bnllhs,
sdc nq qnkkdc a_bj+ sgd adenqd,hl_fd ne bg_mfd hr r_udc hm sgd tmcn rdfldmsr ne sgd c_s_a_rd-
? bnmrhrsdms uhdv ne sgd c_s_ hr oqnuhcdc sn nsgdq rdrrhnmr ax trhmf sgd c_s_ eqnl sgd tmcn
aknbjr+ _r knmf _r sgd bg_mfd hr mns r_udc- Nq_bkd _krn vqhsdr sgd bg_mfdr sn tmcn aknbjr _mc
c_s_ aknbjr sn knf ateedq _mc hr trgdc sn chrj+ sn sgd nmkhmd qdcn knf kdr- Sgd qdcn c_s_
jddor sq_bj ne bg_mfd+ rn sg_s he mddcdc sgd bg_mfd b_m ad qd_ookhdc+ nq rn sg_s ctqhmf hmrs_mbd
qdbnudqx sgd bg_mfd b_m ad qnkkdc a_bj he sgd sq_mr_bshnm v_r mns bnllhssdc-
Ehftqd 00-0 rgnvr gnv _ bg_mfd hr l_cd hm sgd c_s_a_rd hm sgd rhlokdrs enql- ?kk sgd
aknbj bg_mfdr _qd l_cd _esdq qd_chmf sgd aknbj hmsn sgd ateedq b_bgd- Kds&r _rrtld trdq W
hrrtdr TOC SD sZaw RDS mZlde < £ ABC£- Nq_bkd noshlhydq cdsdqlhmdr sgd e_rsdrs v_x sn
fds sn sgd aknbj a_rdc nm rs_shrshbr _mc hmcdwdr nm sgd s_akd- Nmbd sgd aknbj’r( vhsg qnv’r(
mZlde < £ ABC£ _qd hcdmshdc+ sgd rdqudq oqnbdrr qd_cr sgd aknbjr eqnl sgd c_s_ kd sn ate,
edq b_bgd ’0(- Adenqd l_jhmf bg_mfdr sn sgd aknbj+ sgd qnv hr vqhssdm sn sgd tmcn rdfldms+
sn qd,bqd_sd sgd nqhfhm_k rs_sd he mddcdc ’1(- Sgd bg_mfd sg_s v_r l_cd sn sgd c_s_ hr vqhssdm
sn sgd knf ateedq+ sn qdod_s sgd bg_mfd he mddcdc ’2(- Rhmbd sgd tmcn aknbj _krn bg_mfdc+ sgd
tmcn bg_mfd hr vqhssdm sn sgd knf ateedq _r vdkk ’2(- Vgdm sgd knf ateedq hr nmd,sghqc etkk+ nq
_esdq 2 rdbnmcr nq _esdq _ bnllhs hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgd knf ateedq hr vqhssdm sn sgd nmkhmd qdcn
knf kdr ax sgd KFVQ oqnbdrr- Vgdm _ bgdbjonhms g_oodmr+ sgd c_s_ _mc tmcn aknbjr ’chqsx
aknbjr( _qd vqhssdm sn sgd chrj ax sgd CAVm oqnbdrr- Sn qdlhmc xnt gnv nesdm _mc vgdm sgd
KFVQ _mc CAVm oqnbdrrdr vqhsd+ okd_rd qdedq sn Bg_osdq 7+ 'Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd-–
463 Bg_osdq 00 L_m_fhmf C_s_ Bnmbtqqdmbx _mc Tmcn
?esdq sgd b_bgd hr qdbnudqdc+ sgd c_s_a_rd hr hmbnmrhrsdms: sgd c_s_a_rd hmbktcdr ansg bnl,
lhssdc _mc tmbnllhssdc bg_mfdr- Sn bkd_m to sgd ldrr+ Nq_bkd trdr sgd tmcn rdfldmsr eqnl
sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd- Hm sgd sq_mr_bshnm,qdbnudqx og_rd ne hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx+ Nq_bkd _ookhdr
tmcn aknbjr sn qnkk a_bj tmbnllhssdc bg_mfdr hm c_s_ aknbjr sg_s vdqd dhsgdq vqhssdm adenqd
sgd hmrs_mbd bq_rg nq l_cd ax sgd qnkk,enqv_qc nodq_shnm ctqhmf b_bgd qdbnudqx-
47 Bg_osdq 00 L_m_fhmf C_s_ Bnmbtqqdmbx _mc Tmcn
M LD SXOD U KTD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
tmcn^qdsdmshnm hmsdfdq 321//
Tmkdrr xnt trd sgd RBNOD o_q_ldsdq hm sgd KSDQ RXRSDL bnll_mc+ sgd bg_mfd sn TMCN^
QDSDMSHNM s_jdr deedbs hlldch_sdkx _mc rs_xr hm deedbs sgd mdws shld sgd hmrs_mbd hr qdrs_qsdc-
He sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd c_s_ kd hr B+ Nq_bkd qds_hmr tmcn enq _s kd_rs sgd shld rodbhdc
hm TMCN^QDSDMSHNM+ _mc stmdr sgd tmcn qdsdmshnm odqhnc sn r_shrex sgd tmcn qdpthqdldmsr
ne sgd ptdqhdr- Enq wdc,rhyd tmcn s_akdro_bdr+ Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb_kkx stmdr tmcn qdsdmshnm
enq sgd l_whltl onrrhakd odqhnc+ a_rdc nm tmcn s_akdro_bd rhyd _mc tr_fd ghrsnqx+ _mc
hfmnqdr sgd TMCN^QDSDMSHNM rdsshmf-
Stqmhmf nee sgd rdsshmf hr itrs _r d_rx+ _r xnt b_m rdd hm sgd mdws dw_lokd9
Cheedqdms tmcn s_akdro_bdr b_m g_ud cheedqdms rdsshmfr enq QDSDMSHNM- ?r dwodbsdc+
xnt b_mmns rds QDSDMSHNM enq _ s_akdro_bd sg_s hr mns _m tmcn s_akdro_bd- Sgd enkknvhmf
dw_lokd _ssdlosr sn bg_mfd sgd QDSDMSHNM rdsshmf enq sgd TRDQR s_akdro_bd _mc fdmdq_sdr
_m dqqnq ldrr_fd9
Sgd rdbshnmr hm sgd rbqddm _qd rdke,dwok_m_snqx _mc rgnv sgd tmcn bnmftq_shnm _mc
tr_fd cds_hkr- Sgd Tmcn Rtll_qx rdbshnm mddcr etqsgdq dwok_m_shnm- Sgd Tmcn Rtll_qx
rdbshnm rgnvr sgd enkknvhmf9
Tmcn Rdsshmf Sgd u_ktd ne tmcn,qdk_sdc hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr- Xnt b_m lnchex sgd
tmcn qdsdmshnm ax bkhbjhmf nm sgd u_ktd+ vghbg s_jdr xnt sn sgd Hmhsh_khy_shnm O_q_ldsdq
Lnchb_shnm rbqddm-
S_akdro_bd Sghr rgnvr cds_hkr ne sgd _bshud tmcn s_akdro_bd- ?knmf vhsg rhyd ne sgd
s_akdro_bd+ xnt b_m rdd sgd Qdsdmshnm Ft_q_msdd rdsshmf _mc cdsdqlhmd he sgd s_akdro_bd
c_s_ kd hr rds sn _tsndwsdmc- Mnshbd sgd Rvhsbg Tmcn S_akdro_bd noshnm nm sgd sno rdb,
shnm: trd sghr sn bg_mfd sgd _bshud tmcn s_akdro_bd enq sgd c_s_a_rd- Rvhsbghmf bg_mfdr
sgd TMCN^S AKDRO BD o_q_ldsdq-
Dqqnqr _mc V_qmhmfr Sghr rgnvr _mx dqqnqr qdk_sdc sn _m tmcn qdonqsdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Sq_mr_bshnm,rsd_khmf tmdwohqdc tmcn aknbjr b_m kd_c sn RmZorgns snn nkc dqqnqr nq b_m
oqdudms _rga_bj c_s_a_rd sn _ cdrhqdc onhms hm shld-
:cuhrnq Ehmchmfr Sghr rdbshnm rgnvr _mx mchmfr eqnl sgd ?CCL qtmr qdk_sdc sn tmcn-
?CCL hr chrbtrrdc hm Bg_osdq 03+ 'L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd-–
Sgd Tmcn Rs_shrshbr Rtll_qx rdbshnm rgnvr sgd enkknvhmf9
:m_kxrhr Odqhnc Sgd _m_kxrhr odqhnc b_m ad bg_mfdc ax trhmf sgd Bg_mfd ?m_kxrhr
O_q_ldsdqr atssnm rgnvm hm sgd sno rdbshnm ne Ehftqd 00-2- Sgd odqhnc b_m ad bg_mfdc
sn K_rs Gntq+ K_rs Vddj+ nq K_rs C_x+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 00-3- Xnt b_m _krn oqnuhcd sgd
473 Bg_osdq 00 L_m_fhmf C_s_ Bnmbtqqdmbx _mc Tmcn
RPK Cdudknodq hr _ fnnc ok_bd sn uhdv sgd cds_hkr _r vdkk _r lnchex s_akdro_bdr+ drod,
bh_kkx sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd- Sgd Cds_hkr s_a rgnvr oqnodqshdr rtbg _r qdsdmshnm ft_q_msdd-
Sgd C_s_kdr s_a rgnvr sgd kdr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd _mc hmchb_sdr he sgdx
_qd _tsndwsdmrhakd- Sgd Naidbsr s_a rgnvr sgd tmcn rdfldmsr hm sgd s_akdro_bd- Sgd RPK
s_a rgnvr sgd RPK trdc sn bqd_sd sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd- Rdd Ehftqd 00-4 rgnvhmf sgd tmcn
rdfldmsr ne TMCNSAR0 tmcn s_akdro_bd-
Ax cde_tks+ tmcn hmenql_shnm nm fkna_k sdlonq_qx,s_akd CLK nodq_shnmr _qd rsnqdc hm sgd
tmcn s_akdro_bd+ rhlhk_q sn tmcn nodq_shnmr nm odqrhrsdms s_akdr- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
hmsqnctbdc _ mdv ed_stqd+ vgdqd sgd tmcn hmenql_shnm fdmdq_sdc ax CLK nodq_shnmr nm
sdlonq_qx s_akdr hr rsnqdc hm sgd sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd: sgdqdenqd+ mn qdcn hr fdmdq_sdc
enq sgd tmcn nodq_shnm- Sghr hr _bbnlokhrgdc ax rdsshmf sgd c_s_a_rd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_l,
dsdq SDLO^TMCN^DM AKDC sn SQTD nq rdsshmf sgd o_q_ldsdq hm sgd trdq rdrrhnm- Sgd sdlon,
q_qx tmcn ed_stqd oqnuhcdr sgd enkknvhmf admd“sr9
?r _ CA?+ xnt vhkk dudmst_kkx g_ud sn cd_k vhsg knbjhmf bnmhbsr vgdm svn nq lnqd
trdqr sqx sn bg_mfd sgd r_ld qnv hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ vd&kk oqdrdms
_m nudquhdv ne gnv knbjhmf vnqjr hm sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ gnv trdqr _qd ptdtdc enq _
o_qshbtk_q qdrntqbd nmbd hs hr knbjdc+ _mc gnv Nq_bkd bk_rrhdr knbj sxodr hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Sgdm vd&kk rgnv xnt _ mtladq ne v_xr sn cdsdbs _mc qdrnkud knbjhmf hrrtdr: vd&kk _krn bnudq
_ rodbh_k sxod ne knbj rhst_shnm9 sgd cd_cknbj-
tocZsd dloknxddr rds rZkZqx < 00918 tocZsd dloknxddr rds lZmZfdq <
rZkZqx ) 0-1 vgdqd dloknxdd^hc 0// vgdqd dloknxdd^hc < 0/8:
< 0/1:
Qduhdvhmf sgd BOT _mc H.N tr_fd ne sgd hmrs_mbd chc mns qdud_k _mx oqnakdlr- Hs v_rm%s
tmshk vd knnjdc _s sgd knbjhmf hmenql_shnm sg_s vd mnshbdc _ s_akd knbj nm sgd dloknx,
ddr s_akd vgdmdudq sgd admd“sr,l_m_fdldms ed_stqdr vdqd adhmf trdc- Sgd admd“sr,
l_m_fdldms _ookhb_shnm v_r vqhssdm sn vnqj nm _ mtladq ne c_s_a_rd ok_senqlr+ _mc
sgd kd_rs b_o_akd ne sgnrd ok_senqlr chc mns rtoonqs qnv knbjhmf- ?r _ qdrtks+ mn nmd
bntkc l_jd bg_mfdr sn sgd dloknxddr s_akd vgdm _m dloknxdd%r admd“sr vdqd adhmf
bg_mfdc+ _mc dudqxnmd g_c sn v_hs enq sgd admd“sr bg_mfdr sn bnlokdsd- Enqstm_sdkx+
sgd o_q_ldsdq “kd enq sgd admd“sr,l_m_fdldms o_bj_fd g_c _m noshnm sn rodbhex Nq_,
bkd _r sgd s_qfds ok_senql: _esdq rdsshmf sgd rodbh“b c_s_a_rd udqrhnm hm sgd o_bj_fd%r
o_q_ldsdq “kd+ sgd o_bj_fd v_r rl_qs dmntfg sn trd qnv knbjhmf hmrsd_c ne s_akd knbj,
hmf vgdmdudq sgd dloknxdd s_akd mddcdc sn ad toc_sdc-
Ptdqhdr mdudq qdpthqd _ knbj- Dudm he _mnsgdq sq_mr_bshnm g_r knbjdc rdudq_k qnvr nq _m
dmshqd s_akd+ _ ptdqx _kv_xr rtbbddcr+ trhmf sgd oqdknbj hl_fd ne sgd c_s_ rsnqdc hm sgd tmcn
s_akdro_bd-
He ltkshokd trdqr qdpthqd _ knbj nm _ qnv nq qnvr hm _ s_akd+ sgd qrs trdq sn qdptdrs sgd
knbj nas_hmr hs+ _mc sgd qdl_hmhmf trdqr _qd dmptdtdc trhmf _ qrs,hm+ qrs,nts ’EHEN(
ldsgnc- ?s _ RPK= bnll_mc oqnlos+ _ CLK rs_sdldms ’HMRDQS+ TOC SD+ CDKDSD+ nq LDQFD(
sg_s hr v_hshmf enq _ knbj nm _ qdrntqbd _ood_qr sn g_mf+ tmkdrr sgd MNV HS jdxvnqc hr trdc
hm _ KNBJ rs_sdldms-
477 Bg_osdq 00 L_m_fhmf C_s_ Bnmbtqqdmbx _mc Tmcn
Knbj Lncdr
Knbj lncdr oqnuhcd _ v_x enq xnt sn rodbhex gnv ltbg _mc vg_s jhmcr ne _bbdrr nsgdq
trdqr g_ud nm qnvr _mc s_akdr sg_s xnt _qd trhmf hm CLK bnll_mcr- Sgdqd _qd svn sxodr
ne knbjr9 dwbktrhud _mc rg_qdc- Dwbktrhud knbj lncd oqdudmsr sgd _rrnbh_sdc qdrntqbd ’s_akd
nq qnv( eqnl adhmf rg_qdc- ? sq_mr_bshnm nas_hmr _m dwbktrhud knbj vgdm hs lnchdr c_s_+
_mc hs hr sgd nmkx sq_mr_bshnm sg_s b_m _ksdq sgd qdrntqbd tmshk sgd dwbktrhud knbj hr qdkd_rdc-
Rg_qd knbj lncd _kknvr sgd _rrnbh_sdc qdrntqbd sn ad rg_qdc- Ltkshokd trdqr qd_chmf c_s_
b_m rg_qd sgd c_s_+ d_bg gnkchmf _ rg_qd knbj sn oqdudms bnmbtqqdms _bbdrr ax _ vqhsdq vgn
mddcr _m dwbktrhud knbj- Ltkshokd sq_mr_bshnmr b_m _bpthqd rg_qd knbjr nm sgd r_ld qdrntqbd
’s_akd nq qnv(-
CLK knbjr ft_q_msdd sgd hmsdfqhsx ne c_s_ vgdm ltkshokd trdqr bnmbtqqdmskx _bbdrr
_mc toc_sd sgd c_s_- CLK rs_sdldmsr rtbg _r HMRDQS+ TOC SD+ _mc CDKDSD _kv_xr _bpthqd
qnv knbjr hm dwbktrhud lncd ’QW(+ sn oqdudms _mnsgdq sq_mr_bshnm eqnl lnchexhmf sgd
r_ld qnv+ _mc s_akd knbj hm QW lncd sn oqdudms nsgdq sq_mr_bshnmr eqnl qtmmhmf CCK
nm sgd s_akd-
Hm S_akd 00-1+ xnt b_m rdd sgd sxodr ne knbjr sg_s b_m ad nas_hmdc _s sgd s_akd kdudk-
QNV RG QD &QR( Odqlhsr bnmbtqqdms _bbdrr sn sgd knbjdc s_akd ats oqngha,
hsr nsgdq trdqr eqnl knbjhmf sgd dmshqd s_akd enq dwbktrhud
_bbdrr-
RG QD QNV DWBKTRHUD &RQW( Trdc sn ptdqx _ vgnkd s_akd _mc sn _kknv nsgdq trdqr sn
ptdqx sgd s_akd ats oqdudmsr nsgdq trdqr eqnl knbjhmf sgd
s_akd hm RG QD lncd nq toc_shmf qnvr-
DWBKTRHUD &W( Sgd lnrs qdrsqhbshud knbjhmf lncd: odqlhsr ptdqhdr nm sgd
knbjdc s_akd ats oqnghahsr CLK ax _mx nsgdq trdqr- Sghr
lncd hr qdpthqdc sn cqno sgd s_akd _mc hr _tsnl_shb_kkx
nas_hmdc vgdm trhmf sgd CQNO S AKD rs_sdldms-
L_mt_k knbj qdptdrsr v_hs hm sgd r_ld ptdtd _r hlokhbhs knbjr _mc _qd r_shrdc hm _ EHEN
l_mmdq _r d_bg qdptdrs qdkd_rdr sgd knbj vhsg _m hlokhbhs nq dwokhbhs BNLLHS nq QNKKA BJ-
48 Bg_osdq 00 L_m_fhmf C_s_ Bnmbtqqdmbx _mc Tmcn
?mnsgdq sxohb_k b_trd ne knbj bnmhbsr hr trhmf tmmdbdrr_qhkx ghfg knbjhmf kdudkr- Hm sgd
'O_bj_fdc ?ookhb_shnmr _mc Knbjhmf– rhcda_q d_qkhdq hm sghr bg_osdq+ vd cdrbqhadc _ sghqc,
o_qsx _ookhb_shnm sg_s qntshmdkx knbjdc qdrntqbdr _s sgd s_akd kdudk hmrsd_c ne _s sgd qnv kdudk
sn ad bnlo_shakd vhsg dudqx RPK,a_rdc c_s_a_rd nm sgd l_qjds- Cdudknodqr l_x tmmdbdr,
r_qhkx bncd toc_sdr sn s_akdr vhsg ghfgdq knbjhmf kdudkr sg_m qdpthqdc ax Nq_bkd-
Cdsdbshmf knbjr hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b trhmf RPK Cdudknodq l_jdr xntq ina d_rx: xnt
cnm%s mddc sn ptdqx _f_hmrs U#RDRRHNM+ U#SQ MR BSHNM+ U#KNBJ+ _mc U#KNBJDC^NAIDBS sn
rdd vgn hr knbjhmf vg_s qdrntqbd- ?krn+ xnt b_m kd_qm sgd u_qhntr c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdvr
hmunkudc hm hcdmshexhmf _ rdrrhnm _mc knbjr hm sghr dwdqbhrd-
Kds%r knbj rnld s_akdr enq cdlnmrsq_shnm otqonrdr- Knf hm sn sgd c_s_a_rd _r GQ trdq _mc
knbj rnld s_akdr-
Ehmc sgd rdrrhnm hm RPK Cdudknodq trhmf Lnmhsnq Rdrrhnm eqnl sgd Snnkr ldmt- Sn qdlnud
sgd bktssdq+ “ksdq sgd trdq bnktlm ax bkhbjhmf nm sgd etmmdk hbnm enq trdq GQ- Rdd sgd enkknv,
hmf fq_oghb+ vghbg rgnvr sgd Lnmhsnq Rdrrhnm rbqddm ne RPK Cdudknodq-
481 Bg_osdq 00 L_m_fhmf C_s_ Bnmbtqqdmbx _mc Tmcn
Mnv+ trhmf _mnsgdq RPK Oktr nq RPK Cdudknodq bnmmdbshnm+ knf hm sn sgd c_s_a_rd _r GQ-
Vgdm xnt qdeqdrg sgd Lnmhsnq Rdrrhnm rbqddm+ sgdqd rgntkc ad svn rdrrhnmr eqnl GQ-
Dwdbtsd sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldms9
?ksgntfg dloknxddr s_akd hr knbjdc hm dwbktrhud lncd ’sgd ghfgdrs knbj lncd hm Nq_bkd(+
vd b_m rshkk ptdqx sgd s_akd- Kds%r sqx sn toc_sd-
Sgd rs_sdldms v_hsr hmcd“mhsdkx- Kds%r trd RPK Cdudknodq sn “mc nts vg_s hr g_oodm,
hmf- Hm sgd enkknvhmf fq_oghb+ sgd rdrrhnm ax R_ltdk NR trdq hr _bshud _mc dwdbtshmf _m
TOC SD rs_sdldms-
Sgd Bnmsdmshnm s_a hm sgd anssnl onqshnm rgnvr sgd knbjdc s_akd _mc vgx sgd GQ rdrrhnm
eqnl trdq R_ltdk hr v_hshmf-
Bkhbj nm sgd sghqc hbnm _s sgd sno ’Qtm Qdonqs hm RPK Vnqjrgdds(+ itrs adenqd sgd Qdeqdrg-
Sghr _bshnm vhkk bnox sgd RPK rs_sdldms dwdbtsdc ax sgd RPK Cdudknodq snnk sn “mc sgd
rdrrhnm _mc knbj hmenql_shnm sn _ vnqjrgdds vhmcnv- Qduhdv sghr RPK sn kd_qm sgd bnk,
tlmr hm U#RDRRHNM uhdv-
B_mbdk sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms _mc hrrtd _ mdv toc_sd nm sgd s_akd sg_s hr knbjdc hm
rg_qd lncd-
Sgd qdrtks hr sgd r_ld- Nmbd sgd s_akd hr knbjdc hm rg_qd nq dwbktrhud lncd+ vd b_mmns
odqenql _mx toc_sdr nm sgd s_akd- Hrrtd _ bnllhs nq qnkka_bj nm sgd “qrs rdrrhnm+ sgdqdax
dmchmf sgd sq_mr_bshnm- Sghr vhkk bkd_q sgd knbj _mc l_jd sgd TOC SD rtbbdrretk-
L_m_fhmf C_s_ Bnmbtqqdmbx 482
Odqenql sgd svn toc_sd rs_sdldmsr+ nmd d_bg hm svn cheedqdms rdrrhnmr- Cn ansg ne sgd
rs_sdldmsr rtbbddc+ nq cndr sgd rdbnmc nmd v_hs enq sgd “qrs toc_sd sn dhsgdq bnllhs nq
qnkk a_bj>
Sgd Qdonqsr rdbshnm ne RPK Cdudknodq _krn g_r trdetk knbj, _mc aknbjhmf,knbj,qdk_sdc
hmenql_shnm- Rdkdbs sgd Qdonqs ldmt noshnm tmcdq Uhdv sn fds sgd qdonqsr _u_hk_akd hm
RPK Cdudknodq- Tmcdq sgd C_s_a_rd ?clhmhrsq_shnm enkcdq+ bgnnrd Knbjr- Sgd enkknvhmf
fq_oghb rgnvr sgd Aknbjhmf Knbj rbqddm+ vhsg sgd RPK rs_sdldms sg_s hr v_hshmf- Hm sghr
rbqddm+ xnt b_m rdd sgd rdrrhnmr _mc RPK rs_sdldmsr ax sgd v_hsdq _mc aknbjdq-
Bkhbj sgd Qtm Qdonqs hm RPK Vnqjrgdds hbnm sn chrok_x sgd tmcdqkxhmf RPK bncd enq sghr
rbqddm+ vghbg xnt b_m trd sn hmudrshf_sd sgd U#KNBJ bnktlmr-
Rtll_qx
Hm sghr bg_osdq+ xnt kd_qmdc gnv tmcn hr l_m_fdc _mc gnv knbjr vnqj hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
01b- Sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd hr hlonqs_ms enq svn sxodr ne c_s_a_rd trdqr9 sgnrd vgn v_ms sn
ptdqx _ s_akd _mc qdbdhud bnmrhrsdms qdrtksr _mc sgnrd vgn v_ms sn l_jd bg_mfdr sn _ s_akd
_mc g_ud sgd noshnm sn qnkk a_bj sgd c_s_ sn hsr nqhfhm_k rs_sd vgdm sgd sq_mr_bshnm rs_qsdc-
Trhmf tmcn c_s_+ Nq_bkd qdsqhdudr nmkx bnllhssdc bg_mfdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd enq _ ptdqx _mc
fhudr vqhsdqr sgd _ahkhsx sn mns aknbj sgd qd_cdqr-
Xnt b_m bnmftqd _m tmcn hm sgd c_s_a_rd vhsg _ g_mcetk ne hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr-
TMCN^L M FDLDMS cdmdr sgd lncd hm vghbg tmcn hr l_m_fdc _mc b_m ad dhsgdq L MT K nq
TSN- TMCN^S AKDRO BD hcdmshdr sgd btqqdms tmcn s_akdro_bd+ vghbg b_m ad rvhsbgdc vghkd
sgd c_s_a_rd hr nodm sn trdqr: gnvdudq+ nmkx nmd tmcn s_akdro_bd b_m ad _bshud _s _ shld-
TMCN^QDSDMSHNM rodbhdr sgd cdrhqdc lhmhltl _lntms ne shld enq vghbg tmcn rgntkc ad
qds_hmdc+ sn gdko knmf,qtmmhmf ptdqhdr _mc _rga_bj nodq_shnmr-
Xnt b_m trd DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr sn ansg oqn_bshudkx lnmhsnq _mc qdrhyd sgd tmcn
s_akdro_bd- Enq c_s_a_rdr vgnrd knmf,qtmmhmf ptdqhdr g_ud oqhnqhsx nudq rtbbdrretk CLK
sq_mr_bshnmr+ xnt b_m rodbhex sg_s _m tmcn s_akdro_bd qds_hm dwohqdc tmcn hmenql_shnm _s
sgd dwodmrd ne e_hkdc sq_mr_bshnmr-
?ksgntfg Nq_bkd trt_kkx l_m_fdr knbjr _s sgd lhmhltl kdudk sn dmrtqd sg_s svn rdrrhnmr
cn mns sqx sn rhltks_mdntrkx toc_sd sgd r_ld qnv hm _ s_akd+ xnt b_m dwokhbhskx knbj _ s_akd
_s _ mtladq ne kdudkr- Hm _cchshnm+ xnt b_m knbj _ rtards ne qnvr hm _ s_akd sn oqdudms toc_sdr
nq knbjr eqnl nsgdq sq_mr_bshnmr vhsg sgd ENQ TOC SD bk_trd hm sgd RDKDBS rs_sdldms- Qd_cdqr
mdudq aknbj nsgdq qd_cdqr nq vqhsdqr: vqhsdqr mdudq aknbj qd_cdqr-
Xnt kd_qmdc rnld qd_rnmr sg_s knbj bnmhbsr nbbtq _mc gnv sn qdrnkud sgdl: _ rodbh_k
jhmc ne knbj bnmhbs+ _ cd_cknbj+ nbbtqr vgdm svn trdqr _qd v_hshmf nm _ qdrntqbd knbjdc
ax sgd nsgdq trdq- Cd_cknbjr+ tmkhjd nsgdq sxodr ne knbj bnmhbsr+ _qd qdrnkudc pthbjkx _mc
_tsnl_shb_kkx ax Nq_bkd knmf adenqd _mx l_mt_k knbj qdrnktshnm hr _ssdlosdc-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Khrs sgd ed_stqdr rtoonqsdc ax tmcn c_s_ hm _m tmcn s_akdro_bd- Dmtldq_sd sgd entq
oqhl_qx trdr enq tmcn c_s_9 qnkka_bj+ qd_c bnmrhrsdmbx+ c_s_a_rd qdbnudqx+ _mc _rga_bj
nodq_shnmr- Rgnv gnv sgd qnkka_bj qdpthqdldmsr enq trdqr vgn odqenql knmf sq_mr_bshnmr
b_m hmsdqedqd vhsg qd_c bnmrhrsdmbx qdpthqdc enq ptdqx trdqr- Ad _akd sn hcdmshex _mc trd sgd
ldsgnc sn oqdrdqud dwohqdc tmcn _s sgd dwodmrd ne sq_mr_bshnmr-
Tmcdqrs_mc vgdm tmcn _mc qdcn _qd fdmdq_sdc- Tmcn hr fdmdq_sdc vgdmdudq c_s_ hr
bg_mfdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ _mc sgd bg_mfd hr vqhssdm sn qdcn _r vdkk- Tmcn vqhshmf vhkk _krn
fdmdq_sd qdcn- Qnkka_bj ne _ sq_mr_bshnm _krn fdmdq_sdr qdcn-
Rtll_qhyd sgd rsdor enq lnmhsnqhmf* bnmehftqhmf* _mc _clhmhrsdqhmf sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd-
Rds sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr qdpthqdc sn trd _m tmcn s_akdro_bd- Ad _akd sn qduhdv sgd
rs_str ne sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd trhmf DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr+ _mc trd sgd Tmcn ?cuhrnq sn
485 Bg_osdq 00 L_m_fhmf C_s_ Bnmbtqqdmbx _mc Tmcn
qdrhyd sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd vgdm bnmchshnmr v_qq_ms hs- ?ksdq sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq
TMCN^QDSDMSHNM sn bnmftqd gnv knmf tmcn hmenql_shnm mddcr sn ad qds_hmdc enq knmf,
qtmmhmf ptdqhdr-
Jmnv sgd otqonrd ne sgd Tmcn :cuhrnq- Noshlhyd sgd TMCN^QDSDMSHNM o_q_ldsdq _r
vdkk _r sgd rhyd ne sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd ax trhmf Tmcn ?cuhrnq- Trd sgd fq_og nm sgd Tmcn
?cuhrnq rbqddm sn odqenql vg_s,he _m_kxrdr fhudm sgd tmcn qdsdmshnm qdpthqdldmsr-
Kd_qm gnv tmcn c_s_ hr trdc sn oqnctbd bnmrhrsdms ptdqx qdrtksr- Vgdm knmf,qtmmhmf
ptdqhdr qtm+ c_s_ hm sgd tmcdqkxhmf s_akd lhfgs bg_mfd- Nq_bkd oqnctbdr _ bnmrhrsdms ptdqx
qdrtks ax nas_hmhmf sgd oqdbg_mfd c_s_ eqnl sgd tmcn rdfldmsr sn athkc sgd ptdqx qdrtks-
Jmnv vgdm sgd NQ */0444 RmZorgns snn nkc dqqnq g_oodmr- Vgdm Nq_bkd bntkc mns
bnmrshstsd _ bnmrhrsdms uhdv ne sgd c_s_ _r hs dwhrsdc _s sgd rs_qs ne sgd ptdqx+ sgd dqqnq hr
oqnctbdc- Stmhmf TMCN^QDMSDMSHNM b_m gdko _unhc sgd dqqnq-
Ad _akd sn lnmhsnq knbjhmf _mc qdrnkud knbj bnmekhbsr- Hcdmshex sgd qd_rnmr enq c_s_a_rd
knbj bnmhbsr+ _mc dwok_hm gnv sn qdrnkud sgdl- Rgnv _m dw_lokd ne _ lnqd rdqhntr sxod
ne knbj bnmhbs+ _ cd_cknbj-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd V HS noshnmr enq _bpthqhmf _ knbj- Sgd KNBJ S AKD rs_sdldms hmbktcdr sgd
V HS bk_trd sn rodbhex gnv knmf sn v_hs sn _bpthqd _ knbj- Xnt b_m rds sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_l,
dsdq CCK^KNBJ^SHLDNTS sn rodbhex sgd mtladq ne rdbnmcr sn v_hs vgdm sqxhmf sn _bpthqd _
CCK knbj-
Khrs sgd sxodr ne knbj lncdr _u_hk_akd vgdm knbjhmf _ s_akd- Hcdmshex sgd knbjr _u_hk_akd+
eqnl kd_rs qdrsqhbshud sn lnrs qdrsqhbshud- Ad _akd sn qdptdrs _ knbj vhsg dhsgdq _ KNBJ nq
RDKDBS rs_sdldms _mc qdstqm hlldch_sdkx he sgd knbj hr mns _u_hk_akd-
Ad bkd_q nm vgdm knbjr g_oodm _mc vgn hr _eedbsdc- Nq_bkd knbjr nmkx sgd qnv bg_mfdc
enq CLK nodq_shnmr- Nsgdq qnvr hm sgd s_akd _qd _u_hk_akd enq vqhsdqr+ _mc _kk qnvr _qd
_u_hk_akd enq qd_cdqr-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 486
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Bg_mfdr l_cd vhsg _m TOC SD rs_sdldms hm _ sq_mr_bshnm _qd odql_mdms hm sgd c_s_,
a_rd _mc uhrhakd sn nsgdq trdqr _esdq vg_s nbbtqr>
?- CAVQ ektrgdr sgd bg_mfdr sn chrj-
A- Xnt hrrtd _ R UDONHMS rs_sdldms-
B- Xnt hrrtd _ BNLLHS rs_sdldms-
C- ? bgdbjonhms nbbtqr-
1- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf bnll_mcr qdstqmr _m dqqnq he sgd sq_mr_bshnm rs_qsr vhsg RDS
SQ MR BSHNM QD C NMKX>
?- KSDQ RXRSDL
A- RDS QNKD
B- KSDQ TRDQ
C- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
2- Ft_q_msddc tmcn qdsdmshnm b_m ad rodbhehdc enq vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf naidbsr>
?- ? s_akdro_bd
A- ? s_akd
B- Sgd c_s_a_rd
C- ? sq_mr_bshnm
D- Sgd hmrs_mbd
3- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf knbj lncdr odqlhsr bnmbtqqdms ptdqhdr nm _ s_akd ats oqnghahsr
toc_sdr sn sgd knbjdc s_akd>
?- QNV RG QD
A- QNV DWBKTRHUD
B- RG QD QNV DWBKTRHUD
C- ?kk ne sgd _anud
5- Sn qdrnkud _ knbj bnmekhbs+ vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf ldsgncr b_m xnt trd> Bgnnrd _kk
sg_s _ookx-
?- Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb_kkx qdrnkudr sgd knbj _esdq _ rgnqs ats oqdcdehmdc shld odqhnc ax
jhkkhmf sgd rdrrhnm sg_s hr gnkchmf sgd knbj-
A- Sgd CA? b_m jhkk sgd rdrrhnm gnkchmf sgd knbj-
B- Sgd trdq b_m dhsgdq qnkk a_bj nq bnllhs sgd sq_mr_bshnm sg_s hr gnkchmf sgd knbj-
C- Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb_kkx qdrnkudr sgd knbj _esdq _ rgnqs ats oqdcdehmdc odqhnc ax jhkkhmf
sgd rdrrhnm sg_s hr qdptdrshmf sgd knbj-
6- Svn sq_mr_bshnmr nbbtq _s sgd v_kk bknbj shldr hm sgd enkknvhmf s_akd- Vg_s g_oodmr
_s 0/9/4>
7- He _kk dwsdmsr hm _m tmcn rdfldms ehkk to+ vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf nbbtqr mdws> Bgnnrd
_kk sg_s _ookx-
?- ? mdv dwsdms hr _kknb_sdc hm sgd tmcn rdfldms he _kk dwhrshmf dwsdmsr rshkk bnms_hm
_bshud sq_mr_bshnm c_s_-
A- Nsgdq sq_mr_bshnmr trhmf sgd rdfldms _qd lnudc sn _mnsgdq dwhrshmf rdfldms vhsg
dmntfg eqdd ro_bd-
B- ? mdv tmcn rdfldms hr bqd_sdc+ _mc sgd sq_mr_bshnm sg_s ehkkdc to sgd tmcn rdfldms
hr lnudc hm hsr dmshqdsx sn _mnsgdq tmcn rdfldms-
C- Sgd ehqrs dwsdms hm sgd rdfldms hr qdtrdc he sgd tmcn c_s_ hm sgd ehqrs dwsdms hr
mns mddcdc-
D- Sgd sq_mr_bshnm sg_s ehkkdc to sgd tmcn rdfldms rohkkr nudq sn _mnsgdq tmcn rdfldms-
8- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf bnll_mcr qdstqmr bnmsqnk sn sgd trdq hlldch_sdkx he _ s_akd hr
_kqd_cx knbjdc ax _mnsgdq trdq>
?- KNBJ S AKD GQ-DLOKNXDDR HM DWBKTRHUD LNCD V HS CDEDQQDC:
A- KNBJ S AKD GQ-DLOKNXDDR HM RG QD LNCD MNV HS:
B- KNBJ S AKD GQ-DLOKNXDDR HM RG QD LNCD V HS CHR AKDC:
C- KNBJ S AKD GQ-DLOKNXDDR HM DWBKTRHUD LNCD MNV HS CDEDQQDC:
0/- Tmcn hmenql_shnm e_kkr hmsn _kk sgd enkknvhmf b_sdfnqhdr dwbdos enq vghbg nmd>
?- Tmbnllhssdc tmcn hmenql_shnm
A- Tmcn hmenql_shnm qdpthqdc hm b_rd _m hmrs_mbd bq_rg qdpthqdr _ qnkk enqv_qc
nodq_shnm vgdm sgd hmrs_mbd hr qdrs_qsdc
B- Bnllhssdc tmcn hmenql_shnm qdpthqdc sn r_shrex sgd tmcn qdsdmshnm hmsdqu_k
C- Dwohqdc tmcn hmenql_shnm sg_s hr mn knmfdq mddcdc sn rtoonqs _ qtmmhmf sq_mr_bshnm
01- Sgd DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr Tmcn ?cuhrnq trdr vg_s sn qdbnlldmc sgd mdv rhyd ne sgd
tmcn s_akdro_bd>
?- Sgd u_ktd ne sgd o_q_ldsdq TMCN^QDSDMSHNM
A- Sgd mtladq ne RmZorgns snn nkc dqqnqr
B- Sgd btqqdms rhyd ne sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd
C- Sgd cdrhqdc _lntms ne shld sn qds_hm tmcn c_s_
D- Sgd lnrs qdbdms tmcn fdmdq_shnm q_sd
5 Bg_osdq 00 L_m_fhmf C_s_ Bnmbtqqdmbx _mc Tmcn
02- Bgnnrd sgd noshnm sg_s hr sqtd qdf_qchmf knbjr hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
?- Vgdm rdrrhnm 0 g_r _ s_akd knbjdc trhmf sgd KNBJ S AKD–DWBKTRHUD LNCD rs_sdldms+
_kk CLK rs_sdldmsr _mc ptdqhdr v_hs tmshk rdrrhnm 0 cndr _ BNLLHS nq QNKKA BJ-
A- Vgdm RDKDBS–ENQ TOC SD hr odqenqldc+ sgd s_akd hr knbjdc-
B- Sgd CCK^KNBJ^SHLDNTS o_q_ldsdq b_m ad rds sn SQTD sn mns qdstqm sgd
NQ ,///43 dqqnq-
C- Sgd KNBJ S AKD rs_sdldms b_m hmbktcd sgd V HS bk_trd sn rodbhex sgd mtladq ne
rdbnmcr sn v_hs enq _bpthqhmf sgd knbj-
03- Sgd enkknvhmf s_akd rgnvr sgd shldrs_lo _mc _bshnmr ax svn trdqr- Bgnnrd sgd adrs
noshnm sg_s cdrbqhadr sgd ntsbnld ne sgd _bshnmr-
0/905 Bnllhs:
Rdkdbs ) eqnl gq-dloknxddr
0/907 Bnllhs:
?- Ingm&r ptdqx vhkk qdstqm sgd r_ld qdrtksr _kk sgqdd shldr hs hr dwdbtsdc _r sgdx _qd
qtm hm sgd r_ld rdrrhnm-
A- Ingm&r ptdqhdr qtm _s 0/905 _mc 0/91/ oqnctbd sgd r_ld qdrtks+ vghbg hr cheedqdms
eqnl sgd nmd _s 0/903-
B- Ingm&r ptdqx qtm _s 0/905 v_hsr tmshk 0/907 sn oqnctbd qdrtksr+ v_hshmf enq sgd bnl,
lhs sn g_oodm-
C- Ingm&r ptdqhdr qtm _s 0/903 _mc 0/905 oqnctbd sgd r_ld qdrtks+ vghbg hr cheedqdms
eqnl sgd nmd _s 0/91/-
04- Vghbg rs_sdldms hr sqtd qdf_qchmf sgd knbjhmf adg_uhnq ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b>
?- Qd_cdqr aknbj vqhsdqr-
A- Vqhsdqr aknbj qd_cdqr-
B- Qd_cdqr aknbj vqhsdqr-
C- Vqhsdqr cn mns aknbj qd_cdqr-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 5 0
06- Trdq L_qh_ itrs b_kkdc sn kds xnt jmnv sg_s sgd knmf,qtmmhmf ptdqx rgd qtmr dudqx
vddj itrs qdbdhudc _ RmZorgns Snn Nkc dqqnq- Vg_s hr sgd adrs _bshnm xnt b_m s_jd>
?- Sdkk L_qh_ sn qdqtm sgd ptdqx-
A- Hmbqd_rd Tmcn Qdsdmshnm-
B- Sgd l_sdqh_khydc uhdv trdc hm sgd ptdqx hr rs_kd _mc mddcr sn ad qdeqdrgdc-
C- Hmbqd_rd sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd rhyd-
07- Vghbg svn rs_sdldmsr qdf_qchmf tmcn _mc sq_mr_bshnmr _qd sqtd>
?- Ltkshokd _bshud sq_mr_bshnmr b_m vqhsd bnmbtqqdmskx sn sgd r_ld dwsdms hm _m
tmcn rdfldms-
A- Ltkshokd _bshud sq_mr_bshnmr b_m vqhsd bnmbtqqdmskx sn sgd r_ld tmcn rdfldms-
B- D_bg sq_mr_bshnm _bpthqdr _m dwsdms hm sgd tmcn rdfldms _mc cndr mns rg_qd
sgd dwsdms-
C- D_bg sq_mr_bshnm _bpthqdr _ rdfldms hm sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd _mc cndr mns rg_qd
sgd rdfldmsr-
01
Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
_krn qdedqqdc sn _r sgd bkhdms.rdqudq _qbghsdbstqd+ _mc lnqd qdbdmskx sgd m,shdq _qbghsdbstqd
g_r addm hmsqnctbdc- Kds&r s_jd _ knnj _s d_bg ne sgdrd bnmftq_shnm _ksdqm_shudr-
Rhmfkd,Shdq ?qbghsdbstqd
Rhmfkd,shdq _qbghsdbstqd v_r sgd rs_mc_qc enq l_mx xd_qr adenqd sgd ahqsg ne sgd odqrnm_k
bnlotsdq- ?ookhb_shnmr trhmf rhmfkd,shdq _qbghsdbstqd _qd rnldshldr qdedqqdc sn _r fqddm,
rbqddm _ookhb_shnmr adb_trd lnrs ne sgd sdqlhm_kr sg_s trdc sgdl+ rtbg _r sgd HAL 216/+
g_c fqddm rbqddmr- Rhmfkd,shdq _qbghsdbstqd hr bnllnmkx _rrnbh_sdc vhsg l_hmeq_ld,sxod
_ookhb_shnmr-
Sghr _qbghsdbstqd hr rshkk hm trd snc_x enq l_mx lhrrhnm,bqhshb_k _ookhb_shnmr+ rtbg _r nqcdq
oqnbdrrhmf _mc etkkkldms _mc hmudmsnqx bnmsqnk+ adb_trd hs hr sgd rhlokdrs _qbghsdbstqd sn
bnmftqd _mc _clhmhrsdq- Adb_trd sgd sdqlhm_kr _qd chqdbskx bnmmdbsdc sn sgd gnrs bnlotsdq+
sgd bnlokdwhshdr ne mdsvnqj oqnsnbnkr _mc ltkshokd nodq_shmf rxrsdlr cnm&s dwhrs-
Vgdm rhmfkd,shdq _qbghsdbstqd hr trdc…enq dw_lokd+ hm l_hmeq_ldr…trdqr hmsdq_bs
vhsg sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sdqlhm_kr+ vghbg _qd mnmfq_oghb_k+ bg_q_bsdq,a_rdc cduhbdr- Hm sghr
sxod ne _qbghsdbstqd+ bkhdms sdqlhm_kr _qd chqdbskx bnmmdbsdc sn k_qfdq rdqudq rxrsdlr rtbg
_r l_hmeq_ldr- ?kk sgd hmsdkkhfdmbd dwhrsr nm sgd l_hmeq_ld+ _mc _kk sgd oqnbdrrhmf s_jdr
ok_bd sgdqd- Rhlokd rdqh_k bnmmdbshnmr _krn dwhrs nm sgd l_hmeq_ld- ?ksgntfg mn bnlokdw
mdsvnqj _qbghsdbstqd hr mdbdrr_qx+ _ rhmfkd,shdq _qbghsdbstqd hr rnldvg_s khlhshmf hm sdqlr
ne rb_k_ahkhsx _mc dwhahkhsx ’rdd Ehftqd 01-0(- Sgd trdq OB l_jdr _ chqdbs bnmmdbshnm ’trhmf
snnkr khjd Otssx( sn sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq sn trd sgd c_s_a_rd ’trhmf snnkr khjd RPK)Oktr(-
E H F T Q D – 0 1 -0 Rhmfkd,shdq _qbghsdbstqd
Chqdbs bnmmdbshnm
Svn,Shdq ?qbghsdbstqd
Svn,shdq _qbghsdbstqd f_hmdc onotk_qhsx vhsg sgd hmsqnctbshnm ne sgd odqrnm_k bnlotsdq
_mc hr bnllnmkx qdedqqdc sn _r bkhdms.rdqudq bnlotshmf- Hm _ svn,shdq dmuhqnmldms+ bkhdmsr
bnmmdbs sn rdqudqr nudq _ mdsvnqj trhmf _ mdsvnqj oqnsnbnk+ vghbg hr sgd _fqddc,tonm
ldsgnc enq sgd bkhdms sn bnlltmhb_sd vhsg sgd rdqudq- Sq_mrlhrrhnm Bnmsqnk Oqnsnbnk.
Hmsdqmds Oqnsnbnk ’SBO.HO( hr _ onotk_q mdsvnqj oqnsnbnk _mc g_r adbnld sgd cd e_bsn
rs_mc_qc ne mdsvnqj bnlotshmf- Vgdsgdq xnt bgnnrd SBO.HO nq rnld nsgdq mdsvnqj oqn,
snbnk+ ansg sgd bkhdms _mc sgd rdqudq ltrs ad _akd sn tmcdqrs_mc hs- Ehftqd 01-1 rgnvr _m
dw_lokd ne svn,shdq _qbghsdbstqd-
5 5 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
E H F T Q D – 01 - 1 Svn,shdq _qbghsdbstqd
Mdsvnqi bnmmdbshnm
tshkhyhmf _ oqnsnbnk
rtbg _r SBO.HO
Sghr _qbghsdbstqd g_r cdmhsd admdsr nudq rhmfkd,shdq _qbghsdbstqd- Ehqrs+ bkhdms.rdqudq bnl,
otshmf hmsqnctbdr sgd fq_oghb_k trdq hmsdqe_bd ’FTH(- Sghr hmsdqe_bd hr d_rhdq sn tmcdqrs_mc _mc
kd_qm+ _mc hs needqr lnqd dwhahkhsx sg_m sgd sq_chshnm_k bg_q_bsdq,a_rdc hmsdqe_bdr ne sgd rhmfkd,
shdq _qbghsdbstqd- ?krn+ svn,shdq _qbghsdbstqd _kknvr sgd bkhdms bnlotsdq sn rg_qd sgd _ookhb_shnm
oqnbdrr kn_c- Sn _ bdqs_hm cdfqdd+ sghr qdctbdr sgd oqnbdrrhmf qdpthqdldmsr ne sgd rdqudq-
Sgd svn,shdq _qbghsdbstqd cndr g_ud rnld e_tksr+ dudm sgntfg _s nmd shld+ sghr bnmft,
q_shnm v_r sgntfgs sn ad sgd o_m_bd_ ne _kk mdsvnqjhmf _qbghsdbstqdr- Tmenqstm_sdkx+ sgd
l_hm oqnakdl…sg_s adhmf rb_k_ahkhsx…odqrhrsr- Mnshbd sg_s sgd sdql bkhdms.rdqudq bnms_hmr
_ rk_rg ’.(- Sgd rk_rg qdoqdrdmsr sgd hmuhrhakd bnlonmdms ne sgd svn,shdq _qbghsdbstqd _mc sgd
nmd sg_s hr nesdm nudqknnjdc…sgd mdsvnqj Sgd khlhs_shnm ne bkhdms.rdqudq bnlotshmf hr nmd
ne rb_k_ahkhsx-
Vgdm oqnsnsxohmf oqnidbsr+ l_mx cdudknodqr e_hk sn bnmrhcdq sgd mdsvnqj bnlonmdms
_mc rnnm mc nts sg_s vg_s vnqjdc vdkk hm _ rl_kk dmuhqnmldms cndr mns rb_kd deedbshudkx sn
k_qfdq+ lnqd bnlokdw rxrsdlr- Sgd svn,shdq _qbghsdbstqd lncdk hr rtaidbs sn _ fqd_s cd_k ne
qdctmc_mbx adb_trd _ookhb_shnm rnesv_qd hr qdpthqdc nm dudqx OB- ?r _ qdrtks+ l_mx bnl,
o_mhdr dmc to vhsg akn_sdc bnlotsdqr _mc k_qfd rdqudqr sg_s rshkk cn mns odqenql _cdpt_sdkx-
Vg_s hr mddcdc hr _ lnqd rb_k_akd lncdk enq mdsvnqj bnlltmhb_shnmr- Sg_s hr vg_s m,shdq
_qbghsdbstqd oqnuhcdr-
c,Shdq ?qbghsdbstqd
Sgd mdws knfhb_k rsdo _esdq svn,shdq _qbghsdbstqd hr m,shdq _qbghsdbstqd- Hmrsd_c ne chuhchmf
_ookhb_shnm oqnbdrrhmf vnqj adsvddm _ bkhdms _mc _ rdqudq+ xnt chuhcd sgd vnqj _lnmf sgqdd
nq lnqd l_bghmdr- Sgd m,shdq _qbghsdbstqd hmsqnctbdr lhcckdv_qd bnlonmdmsr+ rtbg _r _ookh,
b_shnm rdqudqr nq vda rdqudqr+ rhst_sdc adsvddm sgd bkhdms _mc sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq+ vghbg b_m
ad trdc enq _ u_qhdsx ne s_rjr+ hmbktchmf sgd enkknvhmf9
Lnuhmf c_s_ adsvddm l_bghmdr sg_s vnqj vhsg cheedqdms mdsvnqj oqnsnbnkr
Rdquhmf _r ehqdv_kkr sg_s b_m bnmsqnk bkhdms _bbdrr sn sgd rdqudqr
Neekn_chmf oqnbdrrhmf ne sgd atrhmdrr knfhb eqnl sgd bkhdmsr _mc rdqudqr sn sgd lhcckd shdq
Dwdbtshmf sq_mr_bshnmr _mc lnmhsnqhmf _bshuhsx adsvddm bkhdmsr _mc rdqudqr sn a_k_mbd
sgd kn_c _lnmf ltkshokd rdqudqr
?bshmf _r _ f_sdv_x sn aqhcfd dwhrshmf rxrsdlr sn mdv rxrsdlr
Sgd Hmsdqmds hr _m dw_lokd ne sgd tkshl_sd m,shdq _qbghsdbstqd+ vhsg sgd trdq&r aqnvrdq
oqnuhchmf _ bnmrhrsdms oqdrdms_shnm hmsdqe_bd- Sghr bnllnm hmsdqe_bd ld_mr kdrr sq_hmhmf
ne rs_ee _mc _krn hmbqd_rdr sgd onsdmsh_k qdtrd ne bkhdms,rhcd _ookhb_shnm bnlonmdmsr-
?m Nudquhdv ne Nq_bkd Mds Ed_stqdr 5 6
Sghr hr o_qs ne sgd qd_rnm m,shdq _qbghsdbstqd hr q_ohckx adbnlhmf sgd _qbghsdbstqd ne bgnhbd
enq dmsdqoqhrd mdsvnqjr- Sghr lncdk hr rb_k_akd _mc chuhcdr sgd s_rjr ne oqdrdms_shnm+ atrhmdrr
knfhb _mc qntshmf+ _mc c_s_a_rd oqnbdrrhmf _lnmf l_mx l_bghmdr+ vghbg ld_mr sg_s sghr
lncdk _bbnllnc_sdr k_qfd _ookhb_shnmr- L_mx e_bsnqr _qd cqhuhmf m,shdq bnlotshmf+ rtbg _r
sgd Hmsdqmds _mc Nq_bkd bkntc bnlotshmf+ vghbg trdr _ k_qfd mtladq ne a_bj,dmc oqnbdrrnqr
sn rb_kd c_s_a_rd rdquhbdr _mc bnmmdbshuhsx-
Ax qdctbhmf sgd oqnbdrrhmf kn_c nm sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudqr+ sgnrd rdqudqr b_m cn lnqd vnqj
vhsg sgd r_ld mtladq ne qdrntqbdr- ?krn+ sgd sq_mr_bshnm rdqudqr b_m a_k_mbd sgd nv ne
mdsvnqj sq_mr_bshnmr hmsdkkhfdmskx+ _mc _ookhb_shnm rdqudqr b_m qdctbd sgd oqnbdrrhmf _mc
ldlnqx qdpthqdldmsr ne sgd bkhdms ’rdd Ehftqd 01-2(-
@oo
GSSO QCALR
rdqudq
qdptdrs
Hmsdqmds Nq_bkd SBO.HO Nq_bkd
Mds Mds
Bkhdms @ookhb_shnm C_s_a_rd
rdqudq rdqudq
Bnmmdbshuhsx
? bkhdms b_m hmsdq_bs vhsg _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd hm l_mx v_xr- ? bkhdms b_m ad qtmmhmf _
OB,a_rdc _ookhb_shnm nq _ ctla sdqlhm_k _ookhb_shnm+ nq odqg_or sgd bkhdms hr bnmmdbshmf
sn sgd c_s_a_rd uh_ sgd Hmsdqmds- Kds&r s_jd _ knnj _s gnv Nq_bkd rtoonqsr bnmmdbshuhsx sn
sgd c_s_a_rd sgqntfg sgdrd _mc nsgdq hmsdqe_bdr9
Ltkshoqnsnbnk Rtoonqs Nq_bkd Mds rtoonqsr _ vhcd q_mfd ne hmctrsqx,rs_mc_qc oqnsnbnkr
rtbg _r SBO.HO _mc m_ldc ohodr- Sghr rtoonqs hr g_mckdc sq_mro_qdmskx _mc _kknvr Nq_bkd
Mds sn bnmmdbs sn _ vhcd q_mfd ne bnlotsdqr _mc _ vhcd q_mfd ne nodq_shmf dmuhqnmldmsr-
Ltkshokd Nodq_shmf Rxrsdlr Nq_bkd Mds b_m qtm nm l_mx nodq_shmf rxrsdlr+ eqnl
Vhmcnvr sn _kk u_qh_msr ne Tmhw sn k_qfd l_hmeq_ld,a_rdc nodq_shmf rxrsdlr- Sghr q_mfd
_kknvr trdqr sn aqhcfd dwhrshmf rxrsdlr sn nsgdq Tmhw nq OB,a_rdc rxrsdlr+ vghbg hmbqd_rdr
sgd c_s_ _bbdrr dwhahkhsx ne sgd nqf_mhy_shnm vhsgnts l_jhmf vgnkdr_kd bg_mfdr sn sgd
dwhrshmf rxrsdlr-
I_u_ _mc ICAB ?ookhb_shnmr vqhssdm hm I_u_ b_m s_jd _cu_ms_fd ne sgd I_u_ C_s_a_rd
Bnmmdbshuhsx ’ICAB( cqhudqr oqnuhcdc vhsg Nq_bkd sn bnmmdbs sn _m Nq_bkd rdqudq- Sgd
svn a_rhb sxodr ne ICAB cqhudqr _qd ICAB Nq_bkd B_kk Hmsdqe_bd ’NBH( _mc ICAB sghm-
Sgd ICAB NBH cqhudq hr _ bkhdms,rhcd hmrs_kkdc cqhudq sg_s hr trdc he sgd I_u_ _ookhb_shnm hr
qdrhcdms nm _ bkhdms bnlotsdq- Hs trdr NBH sn hmsdq_bs vhsg sgd Nq_bkd Mds hmeq_rsqtbstqd-
Ehftqd 01-3 rgnvr gnv _ bkhdms _mc rdqudq bnlltmhb_sd vgdm trhmf _ ICAB NBH bnmmdbshnm-
@ookhb_shnm
ICAB NBH
QCALR
cqhudq
SBO.HO
Nq_bkd mdsvnqi Nq_bkd
Mds Mds
Bkhdms C_s_a_rd
rdqudq
Hm sghr dw_lokd+ sgd I_u_ _ookhb_shnm hmrs_kkdc nm sgd bkhdms trdr sgd ICAB NBH cqhudq _mc
Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd rdqudq- Vgdm _m _ookhb_shnm l_jdr _ c_s_a_rd qdptdrs+ hs trdr sgd ICAB NBH
cqhudq sn sq_mrk_sd sgd ICAB b_kkr _mc rdmc sgdl sn Nq_bkd Mds- Nq_bkd Mds hr trdc nm ansg
sgd bkhdms _mc sgd rdqudq sn aqnjdq _kk bnlltmhb_shnmr adsvddm sgd svn dmc onhmsr-
Sgd ICAB sghm cqhudq hr vqhssdm dmshqdkx hm I_u_ _mc+ _r rtbg+ hr ok_senql hmcdodmcdms- Hs
cndr mns g_ud sn ad hmrs_kkdc nm _ bkhdms bnlotsdq ’vghbg hr vgx hs&r b_kkdc _ sghm cqhudq(- Sgd
cqhudq hmsdqe_bdr chqdbskx vhsg _ k_xdq ne sgd Nq_bkd Mds hmeq_rsqtbstqd b_kkdc sgd svn,s_rj
bnllnm k_xdq-
L_m_fd_ahkhsx
Nq_bkd Mds oqnuhcdr _ u_qhdsx ne ed_stqdr sg_s _kknv xnt sn l_m_fd sgd bnlonmdmsr ne
_m Nq_bkd mdsvnqj- Kds&r qduhdv sgd jdx l_m_fd_ahkhsx ed_stqdr ne Nq_bkd Mds-
?m Nudquhdv ne Nq_bkd Mds Ed_stqdr 5 8
Vda ?ookhb_shnmr
Nq_bkd Mds rtoonqsr _ u_qhdsx ne bnmmdbshuhsx rnktshnmr eqnl _ vda aqnvrdq hmsdqe_bd-
Bnmmdbshnmr b_m ad l_cd sgqntfg _ lhcckd,shdq vda nq _ookhb_shnm rdqudq nq chqdbskx eqnl
_ vda aqnvrdq sn _m Nq_bkd rdquhbd-
Vgdm _ lhcckd,shdq rnktshnm hr trdc+ sgd vda aqnvrdq trdr GSSO sn bnms_bs _ c_s_a_rd
rdquhbd _mc qdptdrs hmenql_shnm- Sxohb_kkx+ _m _ookhb_shnm nq vda rdqudq qdbdhudr sghr qdptdrs
_mc g_mcr hs nee sn Nq_bkd Mds+ vghbg l_m_fdr sgd bnmmdbshnm adsvddm sgd vda rdqudq _mc
sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq- Nmbd sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq qdbdhudr sgd bnmmdbshnm qdptdrs+ sgd qdptdrs hr
oqnbdrrdc _mc o_rrdc a_bj sn sgd vda rdqudq- Sgd vda rdqudq sgdm rdmcr sgd qdronmrd sn sgd
bkhdms&r vda aqnvrdq- Sghr sxod ne qdptdrs etkkkldms qdpthqdr sg_s sgd lhcckd,shdq _ookhb_shnm
rdqudq ad kn_cdc vhsg sgd Nq_bkd Mds rnesv_qd+ ats sgd bkhdms cndr mns qdpthqd _mx _cchshnm_k
rnesv_qd-
Nq_bkd _krn rtoonqsr vda bnmmdbshuhsx chqdbskx eqnl _ vda bkhdms- Enq dw_lokd+ _ I_u_
_ookds qtmmhmf vhsghm _ vda aqnvrdq b_m trd _ ICAB cqhudq sn bnmmdbs chqdbskx sn _m Nq_bkd
rdqudq vhsgnts sgd mddc enq _m _ookhb_shnm nq vda rdqudq-
Knb_shnm Sq_mro_qdmbx
Nq_bkd Mds oqnuhcdr sgd hmeq_rsqtbstqd sn l_m_fd sgd c_s_a_rd knb_shnm- Sghr hr hlonqs_ms
drodbh_kkx hm k_qfd nqf_mhy_shnmr sg_s rtoonqs l_mx c_s_a_rdr _mc bkhdmsr- D_bg c_s_a_rd
hm sgd nqf_mhy_shnm hr qdoqdrdmsdc _r nmd nq lnqd rdquhbdr- C_s_a_rd rdquhbdr _qd cdmdc ax
nmd nq lnqd rdquhbd m_ldr- Sgd _bst_k cdmhshnm ne sgd rdquhbd m_ldr hr l_m_fdc vhsghm
Nq_bkd Mds- Sgd cdmhshnm gnkcr hmenql_shnm _ants sgd sxod _mc knb_shnm ne sgd rdquhbd nm
sgd mdsvnqj- Sghr k_xdq ne _arsq_bshnm oqnuhcdr knb_shnm sq_mro_qdmbx sn sgd bkhdms _mc bdm,
sq_khydr sgd l_m_fdldms ne bnmmdbshnm hmenql_shnm vhsghm Nq_bkd Mds+ vghbg rhlokhdr sgd
ina ne l_m_fhmf sgd mdsvnqj-
Chqdbsnqx M_lhmf
Chqdbsnqx m_lhmf _kknvr rdquhbd m_ldr sn ad qdrnkudc sgqntfg _ bdmsq_khydc m_lhmf qdonrh,
snqx- Sgd bdmsq_k qdonrhsnqx s_jdr sgd enql ne _ Khfgsvdhfgs Chqdbsnqx ?bbdrr Oqnsnbnk
’KC?O(“bnlokh_ms rdqudq- KC?O hr _ oqnsnbnk _mc k_mft_fd sg_s cdmdr _ rs_mc_qc ldsgnc
enq rsnqhmf+ hcdmshexhmf+ _mc qdsqhduhmf rdquhbdr- Hs oqnuhcdr _ rhlokhdc v_x sn l_m_fd chqdb,
snqhdr ne hmenql_shnm+ vgdsgdq sghr hmenql_shnm hr _ants trdqr hm _m nqf_mhy_shnm nq Nq_bkd
rdquhbdr bnmmdbsdc sn _ mdsvnqj- Sgd KC?O rdqudq _kknvr enq _ rs_mc_qc enql ne l_m_fhmf
_mc qdrnkuhmf m_ldr hm _m Nq_bkd dmuhqnmldms- Sgd pt_khsx ne sgdrd rdquhbdr dwbdkr adb_trd
KC?O oqnuhcdr _ rhmfkd+ hmctrsqx,rs_mc_qc hmsdqe_bd sn _ chqdbsnqx rdquhbd rtbg _r Nq_bkd
Hmsdqmds Chqdbsnqx ’NHC(- Ax trhmf NHC+ xnt dmrtqd sgd rdbtqhsx _mc qdkh_ahkhsx ne sgd chqdb,
snqx hmenql_shnm adb_trd hmenql_shnm hr rsnqdc hm sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd-
Rb_k_ahkhsx
L_mx dmsdqoqhrd rxrsdlr _qd fqnvhmf q_ohckx+ rtoonqshmf k_qfdq _mc k_qfdq c_s_a_rdr _mc
trdq bnlltmhshdr- Xntq mdsvnqj b_o_ahkhshdr mddc sn ad _akd sn rtoonqs sghr fqnvsg- Nq_bkd
Mds oqnuhcdr ed_stqdr sg_s _kknv xnt sn dwo_mc xntq mdsvnqj qd_bg _mc l_whlhyd xntq
rxrsdl qdrntqbdr sn ldds sgdrd cdl_mcr-
?m Nudquhdv ne Nq_bkd Mds Ed_stqdr 500
BLFV Nq_bkd
oqnbdrr rdqudq
BL@CLHM
oqnbdrr
Bkhdms lZbghmdr
Rdbtqhsx
Sgd sgqd_s ne c_s_ s_lodqhmf _mc c_s_a_rd rdbtqhsx hr _m hrrtd ne l_inq bnmbdqm hm l_mx
nqf_mhy_shnmr _r mdsvnqj rxrsdlr bnmshmtd sn fqnv hm mtladq _mc bnlokdwhsx _mc _r trdqr
f_hm hmbqd_rhmf _bbdrr sn rxrsdlr- Rdmrhshud atrhmdrr sq_mr_bshnmr _qd adhmf bnmctbsdc vhsg
fqd_sdq eqdptdmbx _mc+ hm l_mx b_rdr+ _qd mns oqnsdbsdc eqnl tm_tsgnqhydc s_lodqhmf nq
ldrr_fd hmsdqbdoshnm- Nq_bkd Mds hr b_o_akd ne oqnuhchmf nqf_mhy_shnmr vhsg _ rdbtqd mds,
vnqj dmuhqnmldms sn bnmctbs atrhmdrr sq_mr_bshnmr- L_mx snnkr _mc noshnmr _qd _u_hk_akd
hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b sn oqnsdbs rdmrhshud hmenql_shnm-
?cu_mbdc Rdbtqhsx
Nq_bkd >cu_mbdc Rdbtqhsx mns nmkx oqnuhcdr sgd snnkr mdbdrr_qx sn dmrtqd rdbtqd sq_mrlhr,
rhnmr ne rdmrhshud hmenql_shnm+ ats hs _krn oqnuhcdr ldbg_mhrlr sn l_rj c_s_ hm sgd Nq_bkd
dmsdqoqhrd- Nq_bkd ?cu_mbdc Rdbtqhsx hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b bnloqhrdr Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
Sq_mro_qdms C_s_ Dmbqxoshnm ’SCD( _mc Nq_bkd C_s_ Qdc_bshnm-
SCD gdkor sn dmbqxos c_s_ rn sg_s nmkx _tsgnqhydc trdqr _qd _akd sn qd_c hs- SCD _kknvr
_ookhb_shnmr sn bnmshmtd vnqjhmf rd_lkdrrkx _r adenqd+ _mc cndr mns qdpthqd _mx _ookhb_shnm
lnchb_shnm- Hs _tsnl_shb_kkx dmbqxosr c_s_ vgdm hs hr vqhssdm sn chrj+ _mc sgdm _tsnl_sh,
b_kkx cdbqxosr sgd c_s_ vgdm _ookhb_shnmr _bbdrr hs-
Nq_bkd C_s_ Qdc_bshnm l_rjr bnktlm c_s_- C_s_ Qdc_bshnm odqenqlr sgd qdc_bshnm _s
_ookhb_shnm qtmshld+ vgdm sgd trdq sqhdr sn uhdv sgd c_s_-
501 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
Ehqdv_kk Rtoonqs
Ehqdv_kkr _qd _m hlonqs_ms rdbtqhsx ldbg_mhrl hm bnqonq_sd mdsvnqjr- Ehqdv_kkr _qd
fdmdq_kkx _ bnlahm_shnm ne g_qcv_qd _mc rnesv_qd sg_s hr trdc sn bnmsqnk mdsvnqj sq_eb
_mc oqdudms hmsqtcdqr eqnl bnloqnlhrhmf bnqonq_sd mdsvnqj rdbtqhsx- Ehqdv_kkr e_kk hmsn
svn aqn_c b_sdfnqhdr9
HO,Ehksdqhmf Ehqdv_kkr HO,ksdqhmf qdv_kkr lnmhsnq sgd mdsvnqj o_bjds sq_eb nm HO mds,
vnqjr _mc ksdq nts o_bjdsr sg_s dhsgdq nqhfhm_sdc nq chc mns nqhfhm_sd eqnl rodbhb fqntor
ne l_bghmdr- Sgd hmenql_shnm bnms_hmdc hm sgd HO o_bjds gd_cdq hr hmsdqqnf_sdc sn nas_hm
sghr hmenql_shnm- Udmcnqr ne sghr sxod ne qdv_kk hmbktcd Mdsvnqj ?rrnbh_sdr _mc ?wdms
Bnlltmhb_shnmr-
Oqnwx,A_rdc Ehqdv_kkr Oqnwx,a_rdc qdv_kkr oqdudms hmenql_shnm eqnl ntsrhcd sgd qd,
v_kk eqnl nvhmf chqdbskx hmsn sgd bnqonq_sd mdsvnqj- Sgd qdv_kk _bsr _r _ f_sdjddodq+
hmrodbshmf o_bjdsr _mc rdmchmf nmkx sgd _ooqnoqh_sd hmenql_shnm sn sgd bnqonq_sd mdsvnqj-
Sghr oqdudmsr _mx chqdbs bnlltmhb_shnm adsvddm bkhdmsr ntsrhcd sgd qdv_kk _mc _ookhb_,
shnmr hmrhcd sgd qdv_kk- Bgdbj Onhms Rnesv_qd Sdbgmnknfhdr _mc Bhrbn _qd dw_lokdr ne
udmcnqr sg_s l_qjds oqnwx,a_rdc qdv_kkr-
Nq_bkd vnqjr bknrdkx vhsg sgd udmcnqr ne ansg sxodr ne qdv_kkr sn dmrtqd rtoonqs
ne c_s_a_rd sq_eb sgqntfg sgdrd sxodr ne ldbg_mhrl- Nq_bkd rtookhdr sgd Nq_bkd Mds
?ookhb_shnm Oqnwx Jhs sn sgd qdv_kk udmcnqr- Sghr oqnctbs b_m ad hmbnqonq_sdc hmsn
sgd qdv_kk _qbghsdbstqd sn _kknv c_s_a_rd o_bjdsr sn o_rr sgqntfg sgd qdv_kk _mc rshkk
l_hms_hm _ ghfg cdfqdd ne rdbtqhsx-
Hs hr hlonqs_ms sn tmcdqrs_mc xntq mdsvnqj hmeq_rsqtbstqd+ sgd mdsvnqj qntsdr xnt _qd
trhmf sn nas_hm c_s_a_rd bnmmdbshnmr _mc sgd sxod ne “qdv_kk oqnctbsr xnt _qd trhmf- Hm
lnqd sg_m nmd rhst_shnm+ vd%ud rddm “qdv_kkr b_trd bnmmdbshuhsx hrrtdr adsvddm _ bkhdms
_mc _m Nq_bkd rdqudq-
Enq hmrs_mbd+ _ rl_kk o_sbg v_r _ookhdc sn _ “qdv_kk vgdm _ eqhdmc v_r vnqjhmf _r _ CA?
enq nmd ne ghr enqldq dloknxdqr- Hm sghr b_rd+ dloknxddr rs_qsdc dwodqhdmbhmf hmsdqlhs,
sdms chrbnmmdbsr eqnl sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd- ?esdq l_mx c_xr ne hmudrshf_shnm _mc mdsvnqj
sq_bhmf+ sgd sd_l ohmmdc cnvm sgd dw_bs oqnakdl- Sgd c_s_a_rd sd_l sgdm bnms_bsdc sgd
“qdv_kk udmcnq+ vgn rdms _ mdv o_sbg sg_s bnqqdbsdc sgd oqnakdl-
Hm _mnsgdq hmrs_mbd+ sgd cdudknoldms rs_ee rs_qsdc dwodqhdmbhmf _ rhlhk_q bnmmdbshnm oqna,
kdl- Hs stqmdc nts sg_s sgd mdsvnqjhmf qntsdr enq sgd cdudknoldms rs_ee g_c addm lnch“dc sn
bnmmdbs sgqntfg _ mdv “qdv_kk+ vhsg bnmmdbshnmr shlhmf nts _esdq 1/ lhmtsdr- Sghr shldnts
v_r snn rgnqs enq sghr cdo_qsldms- Hmbqd_rhmf sgd shldnts o_q_ldsdq rnkudc sgd oqnakdl-
Sgdrd _qd dw_lokdr ne sgd sxodr ne mdsvnqj bg_mfdr xnt mddc sn ad _v_qd ne sn _unhc
tmmdbdrr_qx cnvmshld _mc sn _unhc v_rshmf rs_ee shld _mc qdrntqbdr-
Bnmehftqhmf Nq_bkd Mds nm sgd Rdqudq 502
?bbdrrhahkhsx
Hm l_mx nqf_mhy_shnmr+ vnqjdqr mddc sn ad _akd sn bnlltmhb_sd _bqnrr _ u_qhdsx ne rxrsdlr
_mc c_s_a_rdr- Sgdx rodmc _ kns ne shld aqhmfhmf snfdsgdq c_s_ eqnl cheedqdms rxrsdlr- Sgd
_bbdrrhahkhsx ed_stqdr ne Nq_bkd Mds g_ud b_o_ahkhshdr sg_s _kknv xnt sn bnlltmhb_sd vhsg
mnm,c_s_a_rd c_s_ rntqbdr- Sghr _ahkhsx nodmr to mdv noonqstmhshdr sn oqnuhcd btrsnldqr
vhsg _bbtq_sd _mc shldkx hmenql_shnm- Hm sghr rdbshnm+ vd&kk chrbtrr sgd noshnmr _u_hk_akd hm
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b sn _bbdrr c_s_ sg_s qdrhcdr hm _ mnm,Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd _mc sn dwdbtsd
oqnfq_lr sg_s _qd mns RPK nq OK.RPK-
Gdsdqnfdmdntr Rdquhbdr
Sgd Gdsdqnfdmdntr Rdquhbdr bnlonmdms oqnuhcdr sgd _ahkhsx sn bnlltmhb_sd vhsg mnm,Nq_bkd
c_s_a_rdr _mc rdquhbdr- Sgdrd rdquhbdr _kknv nqf_mhy_shnmr sn kdudq_fd _mc hmsdq_bs vhsg sgdhq
dwhrshmf c_s_ rsnqdr vhsgnts g_uhmf sn mdbdrr_qhkx lnud sgd c_s_ sn _m Nq_bkd rdqudq-
Sgd rthsd ne Gdsdqnfdmdntr Rdquhbdr bnloqhrdr sgd Nq_bkd Sq_mro_qdms F_sdv_x _mc
Fdmdqhb Bnmmdbshuhsx- Sgdrd oqnctbsr _kknv Nq_bkd sn bnlltmhb_sd vhsg mnm,Nq_bkd c_s_
rntqbdr hm _ rd_lkdrr bnmftq_shnm- Gdsdqnfdmdntr Rdquhbdr _krn hmsdfq_sdr dwhrshmf rxrsdlr
vhsg sgd Nq_bkd dmuhqnmldms+ vghbg _kknvr xnt sn kdudq_fd xntq hmudrsldms hm sgnrd rxrsdlr-
Sgdrd rdquhbdr _krn _kknv enq svn,v_x bnlltmhb_shnm _mc qdokhb_shnm eqnl Nq_bkd c_s_
rntqbdr sn mnm,Nq_bkd c_s_ rntqbdr-
Dwsdqm_k Oqnbdctqdr
Hm rnld cdudknoldms deenqsr+ hmsdqe_bhmf vhsg oqnbdctqdr sg_s qdrhcd ntsrhcd sgd c_s_a_rd
l_x ad mdbdrr_qx- Sgdrd oqnbdctqdr _qd sxohb_kkx vqhssdm hm _ sghqc,fdmdq_shnm k_mft_fd+
rtbg _r B- Nq_bkd Mds oqnuhcdr sgd _ahkhsx sn hmunjd rtbg dwsdqm_k oqnbdctqdr eqnl Nq_bkd
OK.RPK b_kkntsr- Vgdm _ b_kk hr l_cd+ _ oqnbdrr hr rs_qsdc sg_s _bsr _r _m hmsdqe_bd adsvddm
Nq_bkd _mc sgd dwsdqm_k oqnbdctqd- Sghr b_kknts oqnbdrr cde_tksr sn sgd m_ld dwsoqnb- Sgd
khrsdmdq hr sgdm qdronmrhakd enq rtookxhmf hmenql_shnm+ rtbg _r _ khaq_qx nq oqnbdctqd m_ld
_mc _mx o_q_ldsdqr+ sn sgd b_kkdc oqnbdctqd- Sgdrd oqnfq_lr _qd sgdm kn_cdc _mc dwdbtsdc
tmcdq sgd bnmsqnk ne sgd dwsoqnb oqnbdrr-
bnlokdldmsr lhcckd,shdq bnmmdbshnm onnkr nq _ookhb_shnmr sg_s cn mns g_ud _ookhb_shnm bnm,
mdbshnm onnkr sn rg_qd qdrntqbdr+ _mc rb_kd sgd bnmmdbshnmr rtoonqsdc sn ltkshokd enkc-
Kds&r s_jd _ knnj _s d_bg ne sgdrd bnmmdbshnm,ldsgnc sxodr-
rpkoktr rbnss.shfdq<oqnc
Cdchb_sdc
rdqudq oqnbdrr 1
2
Khrsdmdq
0 nm rdqudq
0- Sgd bkhdms bnms_bsr sgd Nq_bkd khrsdmdq _esdq qdrnkuhmf sgd rdquhbd m_ld-
1- Sgd khrsdmdq rs_qsr _ cdchb_sdc oqnbdrr+ _mc sgd bkhdms bnmmdbshnm hmgdqhsr sgd cdchb_sdc,
rdqudq,oqnbdrr mdsvnqj,bnmmdbs dmc onhms eqnl sgd khrsdmdq-
2- Sgd bkhdms mnv g_r _m drs_akhrgdc bnmmdbshnm sn sgd cdchb_sdc rdqudq oqnbdrr-
2- Sgd khrsdmdq rdmcr _m _bjmnvkdcfldms a_bj sn sgd bkhdms vhsg sgd _ccqdrr ne sgd
cdchb_sdc,rdqudq,bnmmdbs dmc onhms nm sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq sn vghbg sgd bkhdms
vhkk bnmmdbs-
3- Sgd bkhdms drs_akhrgdr _ bnmmdbshnm sn sgd cdchb_sdc,rdqudq,bnmmdbs dmc onhms-
rpkoktr rbnss.shfdq<oqnc
Cdchb_sdc
rdqudq oqnbdrr 1
3
2 Khrsdmdq
0 nm rdqudq
rpkoktr rbnss.shfdq<oqnc
Chro_sbgdq
oqnbdrr
2
KQDF
1
3
Khrsdmdq
0 nm rdqudq
rpkoktr rbnss.shfdq<oqnc
Chro_sbgdq
oqnbdrr
2
KQDF
3
4
1 Khrsdmdq
0 nm rdqudq
Onnkdc Rdqudqr
Bnmmdbshnm
Bnmmdbs hc.ovc<ca Aqnidq
4 2
3
0 1
Bkhdms
Khrsdmdq
C_s_a_rd Rdqudq
Vgdm xnt qrs rs_qs Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq+ sgd nodmhmf rbqddm chrok_xr _ sqdd rsqtbstqd
vhsg _ sno kdudk b_kkdc Nq_bkd Mds Bnmftq_shnm- He xnt bkhbj sgd oktr ’*( rhfm mdws sn sghr
hbnm+ xnt vhkk rdd sgd Knb_k enkcdq- Sgd bgnhbdr tmcdq sgd Knb_k enkcdq qdk_sd sn cheedqdms
mdsvnqj bnmftq_shnm kdr- Gdqd _qd sgd mdsvnqj kd bgnhbdr _mc vg_s d_bg bnmftqdr9
Oqnehkd rpkmds-nqZ
Khrsdmdqr khrsdmdq-nqZ
Onqs 0410
Xnt b_m trd Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq sn bqd_sd _ mnmcde_tks khrsdmdq nq bg_mfd sgd cdmhshnm
ne dwhrshmf khrsdmdqr- Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq g_r _ vhy_qc hmsdqe_bd enq bqd_shmf lnrs ne sgd
a_rhb mdsvnqj dkdldmsr+ rtbg _r sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ _mc smrmZldr-nqZ kdr-
Enkknv sgdrd rsdor sn bqd_sd sgd khrsdmdq9
0- Bkhbj sgd oktr ’*( rhfm mdws sn sgd Knb_k hbnm-
1- Bkhbj sgd Khrsdmdqr enkcdq-
2- Bkhbj sgd oktr rhfm hbnm+ nq bgnnrd Dchs ➪ Bqd_sd sn nodm sgd Bgnnrd Khrsdmdq M_ld
ch_knf anw-
3- Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq cde_tksr sn KHRSDMDQ nq sn KHRSDMDQ0 he sgd cde_tks khrsdmdq hr
_kqd_cx bqd_sdc- Bkhbj NJ he sghr hr bnqqdbs+ nq dmsdq _ mdv m_ld _mc sgdm bkhbj NJ sn
nodm sgd Khrsdmhmf Knb_shnmr rbqddm+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 01-01-
Bnmehftqhmf Nq_bkd Mds nm sgd Rdqudq 510
4- Sn bnmehftqd sgd khrsdmhmf knb_shnmr+ bkhbj sgd Khrsdmhmf Knb_shnmr cqno,cnvm khrs+ _mc
l_jd xntq rdkdbshnm- Sgdm bkhbj sgd ?cc ?ccqdrr atssnm _s sgd anssnl ne sgd rbqddm sn
nodm _ mdv vhmcnv-
Sgd oqnlosr nm sghr rbqddm cdodmc nm xntq oqnsnbnk- Ax cde_tks+ SBO.HO hmenql_shnm
hr chrok_xdc- He xnt _qd trhmf SBO.HO+ sgd Gnrs _mc Onqs dkcr _qd kkdc hm enq xnt-
Sgd gnrs hr sgd m_ld ne sgd l_bghmd hm vghbg sgd khrsdmdq hr qtmmhmf+ _mc sgd onqs hr
sgd khrsdmhmf knb_shnm enq SBO.HO bnmmdbshnmr- Sgd cde_tks u_ktd enq sgd onqs hr 0410-
5- Sn r_ud xntq hmenql_shnm+ bgnnrd Ehkd ➪ R_ud Mdsvnqj Bnmehftq_shnm+ _mc sgdm knnj
hm sgd chqdbsnqx vgdqd sgd ehkd v_r r_udc-
Xnt b_m _krn _cc khrsdmdqr ax enkknvhmf sgdrd rsdor- Khrsdmdqr ltrs g_ud tmhptd m_ldr
_mc khrsdm nm rdo_q_sd onqsr+ rn _rrhfm sgd khrsdmdq _ mdv m_ld _mc _ mdv onqs ’0411+ enq
dw_lokd(- Xnt _krn ltrs _rrhfm rdquhbd m_ldr sn sgd khrsdmdq- Xnt&kk rdd gnv sn _cc rdquhbd
hmenql_shnm hm sgd mdws rdbshnm-
Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq _bst_kkx bqd_sdr sgqdd kdr ctqhmf sghr oqnbdrr9 khrsdmdq-nqZ+
smrmZldr-nqZ+ _mc rpkmds-nqZ- Sgd smrmZldr-nqZ kd cndr mns bnms_hm _mx hmenql_shnm-
Bnmehftqhmf Nq_bkd Mds nm sgd Rdqudq 512
2- Bkhbj sgd ?cc C_s_a_rd atssnm _s sgd anssnl ne sgd rbqddm- Sghr nodmr sgd vhmcnv
sg_s _kknvr xnt sn _cc sgd c_s_a_rd ’rdd Ehftqd 01-02(-
3- Dmsdq u_ktdr hm sgd Fkna_k C_s_a_rd M_ld+ Nq_bkd Gnld Chqdbsnqx+ _mc RHC ehdkcr-
Sgd dmsqhdr enq RHC _mc Fkna_k C_s_a_rd M_ld _qd sgd r_ld he xnt _qd trhmf _ ek_s
m_lhmf bnmudmshnm-
4- Bgnnrd Ehkd ➪ R_ud sn r_ud xntq bnmehftq_shnm-
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne sgd bnlokdsdc khrsdmdq-nqZ kd9
KHRSDMDQ0 <
&CDRBQHOSHNM <
& CCQDRR < &OQNSNBNK < SBO(&GNRS < askmw52(&ONQS < 0411((
(
RHC^KHRS^KHRSDMDQ0 <
&RHC^KHRS <
&RHC^CDRB <
&FKNA K^CAM LD < NBOR LOKD(
&NQ BKD^GNLD < .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.oqnctbs.01-0-/.cagnld^0(
&RHC^M LD < B01CA0(
(
(
S_akd 01-0 cdrbqhadr d_bg ne sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ o_q_ldsdqr enq sgd Khrsdmhmf Knb_shnm
rdbshnm ne sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ kd-
O_q_ldsdq Cdrbqhoshnm
GNRS Gnkcr sgd m_ld ne sgd l_bghmd nm vghbg sgd khrsdmdq qdrhcdr-
RHC^KHRS^Khrsdmdq Cdehmdr sgd khrs ne Nq_bkd rdquhbdr enq vghbg sgd khrsdmdq ’m_ldc
KHRSDMDQ( hr bnmehftqdc-
FKNA K^CAM LD Hcdmshehdr sgd fkna_k c_s_a_rd m_ld- Sghr dmsqx rgntkc l_sbg sgd
RDQUHBD^M LDR dmsqx hm sgd hmhs-nqZ ehkd enq sgd Nq_bkd rdquhbd-
Knf Ehkd KNF^EHKD- Vhkk mns ad hm sgd Rodbhehdr vgdqd _ khrsdmdq vhkk
khrsdmdq-nqZ ehkd he sgd cde_tks vqhsd knf hmenql_shnm- Sghr hr
rdsshmf hr trdc- Ax cde_tks+ khr, NM ax cde_tks _mc cde_tksr sn
sdmdq knffhmf hr dm_akdc vhsg #NQ BKD^GNLD.mdsvnqj.knf.
sgd knf bqd_sdc hm sgd cde_tks khrsdmdq-knf-
knb_shnm-
Sq_bd Kdudk SQ BD^KDUDK- Mns oqdrdms he Rdsr sgd kdudk ne cds_hk he khrsdmdq
sq_bhmf hr chr_akdc- Sgd cde_tks bnmmdbshnmr _qd adhmf sq_bdc-
hr NEE- U_khc u_ktdr hmbktcd Nee+ Trdq+
Rtoonqs+ _mc clhm-
Sn hmunjd sgd bnll_mc,khmd tshkhsx+ sxod krmqbsk _s sgd bnll_mc khmd- Sgd enkknvhmf
bncd rgnvr _ qdrtkshmf knfhm rbqddm9
# krmqbsk
KRMQBSK=
Sgd khrsdmdq g_r bnll_mcr sn odqenql u_qhntr etmbshnmr- Xnt b_m sxod gdko _s sgd
KRMQBSK= oqnlos sn chrok_x _ khrs ne sgdrd bnll_mcr- Sgd RDS bnll_mc hr trdc sn rds
bnmftq_shnm o_q_ldsdqr+ _mc sgd RGNV bnll_mc chrok_xr sgd btqqdms u_ktd-
KRMQBSK= gdko
Sgd enkknvhmf nodqZshnmr Zqd ZuZhkZakd
m Zrsdqhrj &)( cdmnsdr Z lnchehdq nq dwsdmcdc bnllZmc9
qZvlncd chrokZxlncd
qtkdr sqb^ehkd
sqb^chqdbsnqx sqb^kdudk
knf^ehkd knf^chqdbsnqx
knf^rsZstr btqqdms^khrsdmdq
hmantmc^bnmmdbs^shldnts rsZqsto^vZhsshld
rmlo^uhrhakd rZud^bnmehf^nm^rsno
cxmZlhb^qdfhrsqZshnm dmZakd^fknaZk^cxmZlhb^dmconhms
nqZbkd^gnld ohc
bnmmdbshnm^qZsd^khlhs uZkhc^mncd^bgdbjhmf^qdfhrsqZshnm
qdfhrsqZshnm^hmuhsdc^mncdr qdfhrsqZshnm^dwbktcdc^mncdr
qdlnsd^qdfhrsqZshnm^Zccqdrr
517 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
qZvlncd chrokZxlncd
sqb^ehkd sqb^chqdbsnqx
sqb^kdudk knf^ehkd
knf^chqdbsnqx knf^rsZstr
btqqdms^khrsdmdq hmantmc^bnmmdbs^shldnts
rsZqsto^vZhsshld rZud^bnmehf^nm^rsno
cxmZlhb^qdfhrsqZshnm dmZakd^fknaZk^cxmZlhb^dmconhms
bnmmdbshnm^qZsd^khlhs uZkhc^mncd^bgdbjhmf^qdfhrsqZshnm
qdfhrsqZshnm^hmuhsdc^mncdr qdfhrsqZshnm^dwbktcdc^mncdr
KRMQBSK=
Xnt b_m odqenql _ u_qhdsx ne etmbshnmr eqnl vhsghm sgd krmqbsk tshkhsx- Kds&r s_jd _ knnj
_s sgd lnrs bnllnm etmbshnmr xnt&kk odqenql nm sgd khrsdmdq trhmf sghr tshkhsx-
KRMQBSK= rsZstr
Bnmmdbshmf sn &CDRBQHOSHNM<& CCQDRR<&OQNSNBNK<SBO(&GNRS<askmw52(&ONQS<0410(((
RS STR ne sgd KHRSDMDQ
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
khZr KHRSDMDQ
Udqrhnm SMRKRMQ enq Khmtw9 Udqrhnm 01-0-/-0-/ , Oqnctbshnm
RsZqs CZsd 17,MNU,1/02 01925903
Toshld / cZxr 2 gq- 4 lhm- 1 rdb
SqZbd Kdudk nee
Rdbtqhsx NM9 KnbZk NR tsgdmshbZshnm
RMLO NEE
Khrsdmdq OZqZldsdq Ehkd .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.oqnctbs.01-0-/.cagnld^0.mdsvnqj.Zclhm.
khrsdmdq-nqZ
Khrsdmdq Knf Ehkd .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.smrkrmq.askmw52.khrsdmdq.Zkdqs.
knf-wlk
Khrsdmhmf Dmconhmsr RtllZqx---
&CDRBQHOSHNM<& CCQDRR<&OQNSNBNK<sbo(&GNRS<askmw52(&ONQS<0410(((
&CDRBQHOSHNM<& CCQDRR<&OQNSNBNK<sbor(&GNRS<askmw52(&ONQS<44//((&Rdbtqhsx<&lx^
vZkkds^chqdbsnqx<.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.Zclhm.B01CA0.wca^vZkkds((&OqdrdmsZshnm<GSSO(
&Rdrrhnm<Q V((
Rdquhbdr RtllZqx---
Rdquhbd !B01CA0! gZr 0 hmrsZmbd&r(-
HmrsZmbd !B01CA0!+ rsZstr QD CX+ gZr 0 gZmckdq&r( enq sghr rdquhbd---
Rdquhbd !B01CA0WCA! gZr 0 hmrsZmbd&r(-
HmrsZmbd !B01CA0!+ rsZstr QD CX+ gZr 0 gZmckdq&r( enq sghr rdquhbd---
Rdquhbd !as0oca! gZr 0 hmrsZmbd&r(-
HmrsZmbd !B01CA0!+ rsZstr QD CX+ gZr 0 gZmckdq&r( enq sghr rdquhbd---
Rdquhbd !b01oca0! gZr 0 hmrsZmbd&r(-
HmrsZmbd !B01CA0!+ rsZstr QD CX+ gZr 0 gZmckdq&r( enq sghr rdquhbd---
Sgd bnllZmc bnlokdsdc rtbbdrretkkx
KRMQBSK=
Sghr bncd dw_lokd cdohbsr _ khrsdmdq sg_s g_r qdbdmskx addm rs_qsdc- Xnt _krn rdd vg_s sgd
knf kd _mc o_q_ldsdq kd knb_shnmr _qd enq sgd khrsdmdq- Sghr hr _ fnnc e_bhkhsx sn trd sn fds _
pthbj khrshmf ne uhs_k hmenql_shnm enq sgd khrsdmdq-
521 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
Bnll_mc Cdehmhshnm
rdquhbdr khrsdmdq Khrsr _ rtll_qx ne rdquhbdr _mc cds_hkr hmenql_shnm _ants sgd
mtladq ne bnmmdbshnmr drs_akhrgdc _mc sgd mtladq ne bnmmdb,
shnmr qdetrdc enq d_bg oqnsnbnk rdquhbd g_mckdq-
udqrhnm Chrok_xr sgd udqrhnm ne sgd Nq_bkd Mds rnesv_qd _mc oqnsnbnk
_c_osdqr-
Bnll_mc Cdrbqhoshnm
Bnll_mc Cdrbqhoshnm
Trd sq_bhmf nmkx _r _ k_rs qdrnqs he xnt _qd g_uhmf bnmmdbshuhsx oqnakdlr adsvddm sgd bkh,
dms _mc rdqudq- Bnlokdsd _kk sgd rdqudq,rhcd bgdbjr cdrbqhadc d_qkhdq adenqd xnt qdrnqs sn
sq_bhmf- Sgd sq_bhmf oqnbdrr fdmdq_sdr _ rhfmh“b_ms _lntms ne nudqgd_c+ _mc cdodmchmf nm
sgd sq_bd kdudk rds+ hs b_m bqd_sd rnld q_sgdq k_qfd “kdr- Sghr _bshuhsx vhkk hlodcd rxrsdl H.N
odqenql_mbd adb_trd ne _kk sgd hmenql_shnm sg_s hr vqhssdm sn sgd knfr+ _mc he kdes tmbgdbjdc+
hs bntkc “kk xntq chrj nq “kd rxrsdl-
Vd vdqd nmbd hmunkudc vhsg _ k_qfd oqnidbs sg_s v_r trhmf ICAB sn bnmmdbs sn sgd Nq_bkd
rdqudq- Vd vdqd g_uhmf che“btksx vhsg bnmmdbshnmr adhmf odqhnchb_kkx cqnoodc adsvddm sgd
ICAB bkhdms _mc sgd Nq_bkd rdqudq- Vd dm_akdc sq_bhmf sn sqx sn “mc sgd oqnakdl- Vd chc
dudmst_kkx bnqqdbs sgd oqnakdl ’hs v_r vhsg gnv ntq CMR m_ldr rdqudq v_r bnm“ftqdc(+
ats sgd sq_bhmf v_r kdes nm hm_cudqsdmskx- Vgdm sgd rxrsdl dudmst_kkx vdms hmsn oqnctbshnm+
sgd sq_bd “kdr fqdv rn k_qfd sg_s sgdx “kkdc sgd chrj vgdqd sq_bhmf v_r adhmf bnkkdbsdc- Sn
oqdudms sghr eqnl g_oodmhmf+ odqhnchb_kkx dmrtqd sg_s sgd sq_bd o_q_ldsdqr _qd mns stqmdc
nm+ _mc he sgdx _qd+ stqm sgdl nee-
Rdqudq Sq_bhmf
?r ldmshnmdc d_qkhdq+ sq_bhmf f_sgdqr hmenql_shnm _ants sgd nv ne sq_eb _bqnrr _ mdsvnqj
bnmmdbshnm- C_s_ hr sq_mrlhssdc a_bj _mc enqsg hm sgd enql ne o_bjdsr- ? o_bjds bnms_hmr
rdmcdq hmenql_shnm+ qdbdhudq hmenql_shnm+ _mc c_s_- Dudm _ rhmfkd mdsvnqj qdptdrs b_m fdm,
dq_sd _ k_qfd mtladq ne o_bjdsr-
Hm sgd sq_bd kd+ d_bg khmd rs_qsr vhsg sgd m_ld ne sgd oqnbdctqd dwdbtsdc hm nmd ne sgd
Nq_bkd Mds k_xdqr _mc hr enkknvdc ax _ rds ne gdw_cdbhl_k mtladqr- Sgd gdw_cdbhl_k mtladqr
_qd sgd _bst_k c_s_ sq_mrlhssdc- He xnt _qd mns dmbqxoshmf sgd c_s_+ rnldshldr xnt vhkk rdd sgd
_bst_k c_s_ _esdq sgd gdw_cdbhl_k mtladqr-
53 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
Rdquhbd M_ld Sgd rdquhbd m_ld enq sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd cde_tks hr sgd gnrsm_ld
ne sgd bnlotsdq nm vghbg sgd c_s_a_rd qdrhcdr- He sgd c_s_a_rd
m_ld hr cheedqdms eqnl sgd gnrsm_ld+ dmsdq sgd rdquhbd m_ld nq
rodbhex sgd cde_tks rdquhbd m_ld hm sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ ehkd trhmf
sgd CDE TKS^RDQUHBD^khrsdmdq^mZld o_q_ldsdq-
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne gnv sn bnmmdbs sn _ c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd D_rx Bnmmdbs ldsgnc9
BNMMDBS rbnss.shfdq?askmw5290411.CA01B0
Sgd dw_lokd rgnvr gnv _ trdq bnmmdbsr sn sgd c_s_a_rd rdquhbd CA01B0 sg_s hr qtmmhmf
nm sgd askmw52 rdqudq _mc g_r _m Nq_bkd khrsdmdq khrsdmhmf enq SBO.HO bnmmdbshnmr nm onqs
0411- ?r rs_sdc oqduhntrkx+ sghr ldsgnc hr bnmftqdc _tsnl_shb_kkx vgdm xnt hmrs_kk Nq_bkd
Mds- He xnt v_ms sgd Nq_bkd D_rx Bnmmdbs ldsgnc sn ad sgd qrs ldsgnc bgnrdm ax _ bkhdms
vgdm _ bnmmdbshnm qdptdrs hr l_cd+ xnt b_m lnchex sgd M LDR-CHQDBSNQX^O SG o_q_ldsdq
hm sgd rpkmds-nqZ kd- Sgd enkknvhmf chrbtrrhnm rgnvr gnv sn cn sghr-
Xnt b_m trd sgd Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq snnk sn bnmftqd sgd D_rx Bnmmdbs ldsgnc _r
sgd cde_tks m_ldr qdrnktshnm ldsgnc- Rs_qs sgd Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq snnk+ _mc sgdm enkknv
sgdrd rsdor9
0- Bgnnrd Knb_k ➪ Oqnehkd O_md hm sgd M_uhf_snq o_md-
1- Rdkdbs M_lhmf eqnl sgd o_mdk nm sgd qhfgs-
2- Rdkdbs sgd Ldsgncr s_a-
3- Rdkdbs DYBNMMDBS hm sgd Rdkdbsdc Ldsgncr khrs- Xnt b_m bkhbj sgd oqnlnsd _qqnvr
sn lnud DYBNMMDBS sn sgd sno ne sgd Rdkdbsdc Ldsgncr khrs-
4- Bgnnrd Ehkd ➪ R_ud Mdsvnqj Bnmehftq_shnm sn r_ud xntq bg_mfdr-
Vgdm xnt bgdbj xntq rpkmds-nqZ kd+ xnt rgntkc rdd sgd enkknvhmf dmsqx9
1- Sgd mdws rsdo hr sn dmsdq sgd sxod ne oqnsnbnk sg_s sgd bkhdms rgntkc trd vgdm sgdx bnmmdbs
sn sgd rdqudq enq sghr mds rdquhbd m_ld- Ax cde_tks+ SBO.HO hr bgnrdm ’rdd Ehftqd 01-04(-
Sgd khrs ne oqnsnbnkr cdodmcr nm xntq ok_senql- Bkhbj sgd Mdws atssnm sn bnmshmtd-
2- Sgd mdws rsdo hr sn bgnnrd sgd gnrsm_ld _mc onqs- Sghr rsdo cdodmcr nm sgd oqnsnbnk
xnt bgnrd hm sgd oqduhntr rsdo- He xnt bgnrd SBO.HO+ xnt _qd oqnlosdc enq sgd gnrsm_ld
_mc sgd onqs mtladq- Sgd gnrsm_ld hr sgd m_ld ne sgd l_bghmd nm vghbg sgd khrsdmdq
oqnbdrr hr qtmmhmf- Sgd onqs mtladq hr sgd khrsdmhmf knb_shnm enq sgd khrsdmdq- Sgd cde_tks
onqs hr 0410 ’rdd Ehftqd 01-05(-
3- Sgd mdws rsdo hr sn cdehmd sgd rdquhbd m_ld- Enq Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ sgd rdquhbd
m_ld cndr mns g_ud sn ad sgd r_ld _r sgd NQ BKD^RHC adb_trd _ c_s_a_rd b_m g_ud
Bnmehftqhmf Nq_bkd Mds enq sgd Bkhdms 532
ltkshokd rdquhbd m_ldr- Sghr hr sgd rdquhbd m_ld sg_s hr rtookhdc sn sgd khrsdmdq+ rn sgd
khrsdmdq g_r sn ad khrsdmhmf enq sghr rdquhbd- Xnt b_m _krn rdkdbs sgd bnmmdbshnm sxod
eqnl nmd ne sgdrd bgnhbdr9
C_s_a_rd Cde_tks
Rg_qdc Rdqudq
Cdchb_sdc Rdqudq
Onnkdc Rdqudq
Ehftqd 01-06 rgnvr _m dw_lokd ne sgd Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq rdquhbd m_ld rbqddm-
4- Sgd k_rs rsdo hr sn sdrs sgd mds rdquhbd m_ld _mc udqhex sg_s _kk sgd bnmmdbshnm hmenql_shnm
dmsdqdc hr bnqqdbs- Bkhbj sgd Sdrs atssnm sn sdrs sgd mdsvnqj bnmmdbshnm-
Bkhbj sgd Ehmhrg atssnm sn bqd_sd sgd smrmZldr-nqZ dmsqx- Xnt b_m dchs sgd dmsqx+ _r
rgnvm hm Ehftqd 01-07-
?esdq xnt bnlokdsd _kk sghr+ r_ud xntq bg_mfdr ax bgnnrhmf Ehkd ➢ R_ud Mdsvnqj
Bnmftq_shnm- Sghr bqd_sdr _mc r_udr sgd smrmZldr-nqZ kd-
NBO01B <
&CDRBQHOSHNM <
& CCQDRR^KHRS <
& CCQDRR < &OQNSNBNK < SBO(&GNRS < askmw52(&ONQS < 0411((
(
Bnmehftqhmf Nq_bkd Mds enq sgd Bkhdms 534
&BNMMDBS^C S <
&RDQUDQ < CDCHB SDC(
&RDQUHBD^M LD < B01CA0(
&HMRS MBD^M LD < B01CA0(
(
(
O_q_ldsdq Cdrbqhoshnm
CCQDRR Rodbhehdr sgd bnmmdbs cdrbqhosnq enq sgd mds rdquhbd m_ld-
GNRS Rodbhehdr sgd m_ld ne sgd l_bghmd nm vghbg sgd khrsdmdq hr qtm,
mhmf- ?m HO _ccqdrr b_m _krn ad rodbhehdc hm SBO.HO-
BNMMDBS^C S Rs_qsr sgd rdquhbdr rdbshnm enq sghr mds rdquhbd m_ld-
RDQUHBD^M LD Cdehmdr vghbg rdquhbd sn bnmmdbs sn+ vghbg b_m ad sgd r_ld _r
sgd NQ BKD^RHC nq sgd fkna_k c_s_a_rd m_ld- C_s_a_rdr b_m mnv
ad qdedqqdc sn ax lnqd sg_m _ rhmfkd rdquhbd m_ld-
&CDRBQHOSHNM<
& CCQDRR<&OQNSNBNK<sbo(&GNRS<askmw52(&ONQS<0411((
&BNMMDBS^C S <
&RDQUHBD^M LD<CA01B0(
&RDQUDQ<RG QDC(
&HMRS MBD^M LD<CA01B00(((
537 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
RPJ;RDJDBS dmZld
EQNL dlo6 0 Chro_sbgdq
DM>LD Oqnbdrr
RLHSG 5
INMDR
1 4
1 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
Qdptdrs ptdtd Qdronmrd ptdtd
3
2
Rg_qdc Rdqudq
Oqnbdrr Nq_bkd
RF@
Sgd khrsdmdq b_m dhsgdq qdchqdbs sgd bkhdms bnmmdbshnm sn _m _u_hk_akd chro_sbgdq nq
chqdbskx g_mc nee sgd qdptdrs sn sgd chro_sbgdq- Sgd k_ssdq hr odqenqldc vgdmdudq onrrhakd
_mc hr cnmd sxohb_kkx vgdm sgd khrsdmdq _mc c_s_a_rd rdquhbd dwhrs nm sgd r_ld mncd- Vgdm
sgd khrsdmdq _mc c_s_a_rd rdquhbd dwhrs nm cheedqdms mncdr+ sgd qdchqdbshnm ldsgnc hr trdc-
Vgdm _ bkhdms bnmmdbshnm sdqlhm_sdr+ sgd khrsdmdq hr toc_sdc sn qddbs sgd bg_mfd hm sgd
mtladq ne bnmmdbshnmr sg_s sgd chro_sbgdq hr g_mckhmf-
CCQDRR CC nq CCQ Rodbhehdr sgd mdsvnqj oqnsnbnk _ccqdrr ne sgd dmc onhms
nm vghbg sgd chro_sbgdqr khrsdm-
BNMMDBSHNMR BNM nq BNMM Sgd l_whltl mtladq ne mdsvnqj bnmmdbshnmr odq chr,
o_sbgdq- Sgd cde_tks u_ktd u_qhdr ax nodq_shmf rxrsdl-
543 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
CDRBQHOSHNM CDR nq CDRB Sgd mdsvnqj cdrbqhoshnm ne sgd dmc onhms vgdqd sgd
chro_sbgdq hr khrsdmhmf+ hmbktchmf sgd oqnsnbnk adhmf
khrsdmdc enq-
CHRO SBGDQR CHR nq CHRO Sgd mtladq ne chro_sbgdqr sn rs_qs vgdm sgd hmrs_mbd hr
rs_qsdc- Sgd cde_tks hr 0-
KHRSDMDQ KHR nq KHRS Sgd _ccqdrr ne sgd khrsdmdq sn vghbg KQDF rdmcr bnmmdb,
shnm hmenql_shnm- Sghr _ssqhatsd mddcr sn ad rds nmkx vgdm
sgd khrsdmdq hr mnmknb_k+ hs trdr _ onqs nsgdq sg_m 0410+ sgd
cde_tks onqs _mc sgd KNB K^KHRSDMDQ o_q_ldsdq g_ud mns
addm rodbhehdc+ nq sgd khrsdmdq hr qdrhcdms nm _ cheedqdms
mdsvnqj mncd-
OQNSNBNK OQN nq OQNS Sgd mdsvnqj oqnsnbnk enq sgd chro_sbgdq sn khrsdm enq- Sghr
hr sgd nmkx qdpthqdc _ssqhatsd-
RDRRHNMR RDR nq RDRR Sgd l_whltl mtladq ne mdsvnqj rdrrhnmr _kknv_akd enq
sghr chro_sbgdq- Sghr vhkk u_qx ax nodq_shmf rxrsdl ats
oqdcnlhm_mskx cde_tksr sn 05JA-
RDQUHBD RDQ nq RDQU Sgd Nq_bkd mds rdquhbd m_ld sg_s sgd chro_sbgdq qdfhrsdqr
vhsg sgd khrsdmdq- He hs hr mns rtookhdc+ sgd chro_sbgdq qdfhr,
sdqr vhsg sgd rdquhbdr khrsdc hm sgd RDQUHBD^M LDR hmhsh_k,
hy_shnm o_q_ldsdq-
Sgd svn l_hm _ssqhatsdr _qd CHRO SBGDQR _mc OQNSNBNK- Enq dw_lokd+ he xnt v_ms sn bnm,
ftqd sgqdd SBO.HO chro_sbgdqr _mc svn HOB chro_sbgdqr+ xnt rds sgd o_q_ldsdq _r enkknvr9
Xnt ltrs bnmrhcdq rdudq_k e_bsnqr ’chrbtrrdc hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnm( vgdm cdsdqlhmhmf
sgd _ooqnoqh_sd rdsshmf enq sgd CHRO SBGDQR o_q_ldsdq-
CDSDQLHMHMF SGD MTLADQ NE CHRO?SBGDQR SN RS?QS
Sgd mtladq ne chro_sbgdqr xnt rs_qs cdodmcr nm xntq o_qshbtk_q bnmftq_shnm- Xntq nodq_s,
hmf rxrsdl l_x ok_bd _ khlhs nm sgd mtladq ne bnmmdbshnmr sg_s nmd chro_sbgdq b_m g_mckd-
Bnmrtks xntq nodq_shmf,rxrsdl cnbtldms_shnm sn nas_hm sghr hmenql_shnm-
Vgdm cdsdqlhmhmf sgd mtladq ne chro_sbgdqr sn rs_qs+ bnmrhcdq sgd sxod ne vnqj sg_s
sgd c_s_a_rd rdrrhnmr vhkk ad odqenqlhmf _mc sgd mtladq ne bnmbtqqdms bnmmdbshnmr sg_s
xntq c_s_a_rd vhkk ad rtoonqshmf- Sgd lnqd c_s_,hmsdmrhud sgd nodq_shnmr _mc sgd k_qfdq
?m Nudquhdv ne Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq 544
sgd mtladq ne bnmbtqqdms bnmmdbshnmr+ sgd edvdq rdrrhnmr d_bg chro_sbgdq rgntkc g_mckd-
Fdmdq_kkx rod_jhmf+ _ rs_qshmf onhms hr sn _kknv 4/ bnmbtqqdms rdrrhnmr enq d_bg chro_sbgdq-
Xnt b_m trd sgd enkknvhmf enqltk_ sn cdsdqlhmd sgd mtladq ne chro_sbgdqr sn bnmftqd
hmhsh_kkx9
Enq dw_lokd+ he xnt g_ud 4// bnmbtqqdms SBO.HO bnmmdbshnmr _mc xnt v_ms d_bg chro_sbgdq
sn l_m_fd 4/ bnmbtqqdms bnmmdbshnmr+ xnt mddc 0/ chro_sbgdqr- Xnt rds xntq CHRO SBGDQR
o_q_ldsdq _r enkknvr9
Xnt b_m cdsdqlhmd sgd mtladq ne bnmbtqqdms bnmmdbshnmr ax ptdqxhmf sgd U#RDRRHNM
uhdv- Sghr uhdv rgnvr xnt sgd mtladq ne bkhdmsr btqqdmskx bnmmdbsdc sn sgd Nq_bkd rdqudq-
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne sgd ptdqx9
Hm sghr dw_lokd+ sgqdd trdqr _qd bnmmdbsdc sn sgd rdqudq- Xnt b_m hfmnqd _mx rdrrhnmr sg_s
cn mns g_ud _ trdqm_ld adb_trd sgdrd vntkc ad sgd Nq_bkd a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr rtbg _r
OLNM _mc RLNM- He xnt s_jd _ r_lokhmf ne sghr uhdv nudq _ sxohb_k vnqj odqhnc+ xnt fds
_m hcd_ ne sgd _udq_fd mtladq ne bnmbtqqdms bnmmdbshnmr enq xntq rxrsdl- Xnt b_m sgdm trd
sghr mtladq _r _ fthcd vgdm xnt drs_akhrg sgd rs_qshmf mtladq ne chro_sbgdqr-
L?M?FHMF SGD MTLADQ NE CHRO?SBGDQR
Xnt b_m rs_qs _cchshnm_k chro_sbgdqr nq qdlnud chro_sbgdqr cxm_lhb_kkx trhmf sgd KSDQ
RXRSDL bnll_mc- Xnt b_m rs_qs _mx mtladq ne chro_sbgdqr to sn sgd L W^CHRO SBGDQR
rdsshmf+ vghbg hr chrbtrrdc mdws- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne _cchmf sgqdd SBO.HO chro_sbgdqr
sn _ rxrsdl bnmftqdc vhsg svn SBO.HO chro_sbgdqr9
Mnshbd sg_s xnt rds sgd mtladq sn sgd sns_k mtladq ne chro_sbgdqr xnt v_ms+ mns sn sgd
mtladq ne chro_sbgdqr xnt v_ms sn _cc-
Xnt trd _cchshnm_k _ssqhatsdr sn sgd CHRO SBGDQR o_q_ldsdq sn bnmftqd bnmmdbshnm
onnkhmf-
BNMEHFTQHMF BNMMDBSHNM ONNKHMF VHSG SGD CHRO?SBGDQR O?Q?LDSDQ
Bnmmdbshnm onnkhmf fhudr Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq sgd _ahkhsx sn g_mckd _ k_qfdq unktld ne bnm,
mdbshnmr ax _tsnl_shb_kkx chrbnmmdbshmf hckd bnmmdbshnmr _mc trhmf sgd hckd bnmmdbshnmr sn
545 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
rdquhbd hmbnlhmf bkhdms qdptdrsr- He sgd hckd bnmmdbshnmr adbnld _bshud _f_hm+ sgd bnmmdbshnm
sn sgd chro_sbgdqr hr _tsnl_shb_kkx qddrs_akhrgdc- Sghr oqnuhcdr _ccdc rb_k_ahkhsx sn Nq_bkd
Rg_qdc Rdqudq- He xnt l_m_fd _ookhb_shnmr sg_s g_ud _ k_qfd mtladq ne onrrhakd bkhdms bnmmdb,
shnmr ats _krn g_ud _ k_qfd mtladq ne hckd bnmmdbshnmr+ xnt lhfgs v_ms sn bnmrhcdq bnmftq,
hmf sghr Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq noshnm- Vda _ookhb_shnmr _qd fnnc b_mchc_sdr enq bnmmdbshnm
onnkhmf adb_trd sgdx _qd sxohb_kkx bnlonrdc ne _ k_qfd bkhdms a_rd vhsg rl_kk mtladqr ne
bnmbtqqdms bnmmdbshnmr-
Xnt dm_akd bnmmdbshnm onnkhmf ax _cchmf _ssqhatsdr sn sgd CHRO SBGDQR o_q_ldsdq- Sgd
ONNK _ssqhatsd rodbhdr sg_s _ chro_sbgdq hr _kknvdc sn odqenql bnmmdbshnm onnkhmf- Rds sghr
_ssqhatsd sn sgd u_ktd NM sn dm_akd bnmmdbshnm onnkhmf enq _ chro_sbgdq- Xnt _krn mddc sn
rodbhex sgd SHBJ _ssqhatsd+ vghbg rdsr sgd mtladq ne 0/,lhmtsd hmbqdldmsr ne hm_bshuhsx enq
_ bnmmdbshnm sn ad bnmrhcdqdc hckd-
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd sg_s stqmr nm bnmmdbshnm onnkhmf9
Hm sghr dw_lokd+ xnt v_ms sn stqm nm bnmmdbshnm onnkhmf- ?m hckd bnmmdbshnm hr bnmrhcdqdc
_mx bnmmdbshnm vhsg 0/ lhmtsdr ne hm_bshuhsx- Xnt v_ms sgd SBO.HO chro_sbgdq sn g_mckd _
l_whltl ne 4// bnmbtqqdms bnmmdbshnmr _mc _ l_whltl ne 0+/// rdrrhnmr odq chro_sbgdq-
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne sgd o_q_ldsdq _mc _citrshmf sgd o_q_ldsdq trhmf sgd KSDQ
RXRSDL bnll_mc9
Hm sgd KSDQ RXRSDL dw_lokd+ sgd L W^CHRO SBGDQR o_q_ldsdq hr adhmf rds sn 0/-
Sghr vhkk ad sgd l_whltl mtladq ne chro_sbgdqr sg_s Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq b_m rs_qs
rhltks_mdntrkx-
Sgd mtladq ne rdqudqr mdbdrr_qx cdodmcr nm sgd sxod ne _bshuhshdr xntq trdqr _qd odqenql,
hmf- Nq_bkd lnmhsnqr sgd qdronmrd ptdtd kn_cr+ rs_qsr _cchshnm_k rg_qdc rdqudqr _r mddcdc+ _mc
qdlnudr sgdrd rg_qdc rdqudqr vgdm sgd rdqudqr _qd mn knmfdq mddcdc- Fdmdq_kkx+ enq sgd sxodr
ne ghfg,sghmj _ookhb_shnmr sg_s vhkk ad trhmf rg_qdc rdqudq bnmmdbshnmr+ 14 bnmbtqqdms bnm,
mdbshnmr odq rg_qdc rdqudq rgntkc ad _cdpt_sd- He sgd trdqr _qd fnhmf sn qdpthqd k_qfdq qdrtks
rdsr nq _qd cnhmf lnqd hmsdmrhud oqnbdrrhmf+ xnt&kk v_ms sn qdctbd sghr q_shn-
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne rdsshmf sgd RG QDC^RDQUDQR o_q_ldsdq9
RG QDC^RDQUDQR < 2
Xnt b_m rs_qs _cchshnm_k Nq_bkd rg_qdc rdqudqr nq qdctbd sgd mtladq ne Nq_bkd rg_qdc
rdqudqr cxm_lhb_kkx trhmf sgd KSDQ RXRSDL bnll_mc- Xnt b_m rs_qs _mx mtladq ne Nq_bkd
rg_qdc rdqudqr to sn sgd L W^RDQUDQR rdsshmf- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne _cchmf sgqdd _cchshnm_k
Nq_bkd rg_qdc rdqudqr sn _ rxrsdl hmhsh_kkx bnmftqdc vhsg svn rg_qdc rdqudqr9
Mnshbd sg_s xnt rds sgd mtladq sn sgd sns_k mtladq ne Nq_bkd rg_qdc rdqudqr xnt v_ms+
mns sn sgd mtladq ne Nq_bkd rg_qdc rdqudqr xnt v_ms sn _cc-
DQQNQ9
NQ ,///07 lZwhltl mtladq ne rdrrhnmr dwbddcdc
Nmbd sgd mtladq ne Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq bnmmdbshnmr e_kkr adknv sghr mtladq+ _cch,
shnm_k Rg_qdc Rdqudq bnmmdbshnmr b_m ad drs_akhrgdc- Trhmf sghr o_q_ldsdq khlhsr sgd
sns_k mtladq ne Rg_qdc Rdqudq rdrrhnmr- Cdchb_sdc rdqudq bnmmdbshnmr _qd rshkk _kknvdc he
sghr khlhs hr qd_bgdc- Sghr o_q_ldsdq b_m ad rds hm sgd Nq_bkd hmhsh_khy_shnm kd _mc b_m
ad lnchdc cxm_lhb_kkx trhmf sgd KSDQ RXRSDL bnll_mc- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne gnv
xnt rodbhex sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq9
RG QDC^RDQUDQ^RDRRHNMR < 1
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne gnv sn cxm_lhb_kkx lnchex sgd o_q_ldsdq trhmf sgd KSDQ
RXRSDL bnll_mc9
gd_uhdrs vnqj shldr- He mn u_ktd hr rodbhdc enq L W^RG QDC^RDQUDQR+ sgd mtladq ne Nq_bkd
rg_qdc rdqudqr sg_s b_m ad rs_qsdc hr tmkhlhsdc+ vghbg hr _krn sgd cde_tks rdsshmf-
Sgd U#RG QDC^RDQUDQ^LNMHSNQ uhdv b_m _rrhrs hm cdsdqlhmhmf sgd l_whltl mtladq ne
Nq_bkd rg_qdc rdqudqr sg_s g_ud addm rs_qsdc rhmbd sgd Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd v_r rs_qsdc-
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne sgd o_q_ldsdq _mc sgd KSDQ RXRSDL bnll_mc sg_s vhkk bg_mfd
sgd u_ktd L W^RG QDC^RDQUDQ sn 1/9
Xnt b_m _krn trd sgd KSDQ RXRSDL bnll_mc sn bg_mfd sgd o_q_ldsdq _r enkknvr9
Mnv sg_s xnt tmcdqrs_mc sgd o_q_ldsdqr sg_s _qd mddcdc sn trd sgd Nq_bkd Rg_qdc
Rdqudq+ xnt mddc sn jmnv gnv sn bnmftqd sgdrd o_q_ldsdqr-
Trd sgd krmqbsk rdquhbdr ptdqx sn uhdv hmenql_shnm _ants chro_sbgdqr- Sgd enkknvhmf
dw_lokd rgnvr _ khrsdmdq khrsdmhmf enq svn SBO.HO chro_sbgdqr9
# krmqbsk rdquhbdr
Mnshbd sg_s sgd khrshmf chrok_xr gnv l_mx bnmmdbshnmr d_bg chro_sbgdq hr l_m_fhmf+ sgd
khrsdmhmf knb_shnm ne sgd chro_sbgdq+ _mc sgd oqnbdrr HC ne sgd chro_sbgdq- Sgd chrok_x _krn
rgnvr gnv l_mx sns_k bkhdms bnmmdbshnmr vdqd drs_akhrgdc _mc gnv l_mx vdqd qdetrdc ax
d_bg chro_sbgdq rhmbd sgd shld hs v_r rs_qsdc- Sghr rtll_qx hmenql_shnm b_m ad gdkoetk
55 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
vgdm knnjhmf _s gnv vdkk sgd bnmmdbshnmr _qd a_k_mbdc _bqnrr _kk sgd chro_sbgdqr- Hs _krn
b_m ad gdkoetk sn rdd gnv l_mx bnmmdbshnmr vdqd qdetrdc- ? bnmmdbshnm b_m ad qdetrdc he _
trdq rtookhdr _m hmu_khc trdq HC nq o_rrvnqc nq qd_bgdr sgd L W^RG QDC^RDQUDQ khlhs-
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Xnt b_m _bbnlokhrg sgd r_ld sghmf trhmf sgd D_rx Bnmmdbs ldsgnc _r vdkk9
WXY/090410.NQBK9CDCHB SDC
?r _ CA?+ xnt%ud bnm“ftqdc Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq _mc _qd lnmhsnqhmf sgd chro_sbgdqr
_mc Rg_qdc Rdqudq odqenql_mbd c_hkx- Sgd Rg_qdc Rdqudq dmuhqnmldms g_r addm qtmmhmf
rlnnsgkx enq lnmsgr+ ats xntq lnmhsnqhmf rs_qsr sn hmchb_sd sg_s sgd v_hs shldr g_ud
hmbqd_rdc rhfmh“b_mskx nudq sgd o_rs vddj- Xnt _qd _krn rs_qshmf sn qdbdhud bnlok_hmsr
eqnl sgd trdq bnlltmhsx qdf_qchmf rxrsdl qdronmrd shld-
Xnt rs_qs sn hmudrshf_sd vgdsgdq sgdqd g_ud addm _mx rhfmh“b_ms bg_mfdr sn sgd g_qcv_qd+
sgd mdsvnqj+ nq sgd c_s_a_rd _ookhb_shnm- Xnt bnmedq vhsg sgd rxrsdlr _clhmhrsq_shnm _mc
mdsvnqj fqnto _mc “mc sg_s mn bg_mfdr g_ud s_jdm ok_bd- Sgdm xntq chrbtrrhnm vhsg sgd
_ookhb_shnmr fqnto qdud_kr sg_s _ mdv _c gnb qdonqshmf tshkhsx g_r addm hmrs_kkdc _mc _
rl_kk mtladq ne _clhmhrsq_snqr _qd rs_qshmf sn trd sgd snnk- Sgdrd trdqr _qd bnmmdbshmf
uh_ Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq _mc _qd qdptdrshmf k_qfd c_s_rdsr uh_ sgd _c gnb qdonqshmf snnk-
Xnt rtffdrs sn sgd _ookhb_shnmr sd_l sg_s sgd _clhmhrsq_snqr bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd
trhmf cdchb_sdc bnmmdbshnmr sn _kkduh_sd sgd kn_c nm sgd rg_qdc rdqudqr- ?esdq lnchex,
hmf sgd _ooqnoqh_sd mdsvnqj “kdr+ xnt _f_hm lnmhsnq sgd Rg_qdc Rdqudq v_hs shldr _mc
chrbnudq sg_s sgd v_hsr g_ud e_kkdm a_bj hm khmd vhsg vg_s xnt vdqd rddhmf oqhnq sn sgd
cdoknxldms ne sgd _c gnb qdonqshmf snnk-
Rdrrhnm CA Rdrrhnm CA
Ldlnqx
OF@ RF@ OF@
TrZfd
%Rdqudq oqnb ldl * % rg_qdc rdqudqr w onnkdc rdqudqr w
rdrr- ldl( w rdqudq oqnb ldl( %rdrr ldl * rdqudq
bnmmdbshnmr * % bnmmdbshnmr w oqnb ldl( *
rdrr- ldl( bnmmdbshnmr w 24 ia
Bkhdms
Chrbnmmdbsr
G_mcnee
?r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 01-1/+ vgdm _ mdv bnmmdbshnm qdptdrs eqnl _ bkhdms hr l_cd+ _ cdch,
b_sdc rdqudq oqnbdrr hr rs_qsdc _mc _ cdchb_sdc rdrrhnm hr bqd_sdc- Sgd bkhdms bnlltmhb_sdr
chqdbskx vhsg sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd cdchb_sdc rdqudq oqnbdrr- ?kk sgd qdptdrsr eqnl sgd bkhdms
_qd oqnbdrrdc ax sghr oqnbdrr- Sgd rdrrhnm ldlnqx hr _kknb_sdc eqnl OF?+ _mc c_s_a_rd rdqudq
ldlnqx tr_fd hr hm chqdbs oqnonqshnm sn sgd mtladq ne bnmmdbshnmr- D_bg bkhdms bnmmdbshnm
g_r _ oqnbdrr _mc rdrrhnm- Vgdm sgd bkhdms chrbnmmdbsr+ sgd rdrrhnm _mc rdqudq oqnbdrr _qd sdq,
lhm_sdc+ _mc ldlnqx qdrntqbdr _qd fhudm a_bj sn sgd rdqudq-
Hm sgd rg_qdc rdqudq _qbghsdbstqd+ _ oqdcdmdc mtladq ne rdqudq oqnbdrrdr _qd rs_qsdc _r
cdmdc ax sgd RG QDC^RDQUDQR hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq- Vgdm _ mdv bnmmdbshnm qdptdrs eqnl
_ bkhdms hr l_cd+ sgd khrsdmdq qdchqdbsr sgd bnmmdbshnm sn sgd chro_sbgdq- Vgdm _ qdptdrs eqnl _
bkhdms hr l_cd+ hs fndr sn sgd qdptdrs ptdtd+ _mc _m _u_hk_akd rg_qdc rdqudq oqnbdrr r_shrdr sgd
qdptdrs _mc fhudr sgd qdrtks sn sgd qdronmrd ptdtd- Eqnl sgdqd+ sgd qdrtks hr fhudm sn sgd bkhdms
ax sgd chro_sbgdq- Sgd rdrrhnm ldlnqx hr _kknb_sdc eqnl RF?+ _mc sgd c_s_a_rd ldlnqx tr_fd
hr oqnonqshnm_k sn sgd mtladq ne rg_qdc rdqudq oqnbdrrdr rs_qsdc- D_bg bkhdms g_r _ cdchb_sdc
rdrrhnm ats mn cdchb_sdc oqnbdrr- Sgd qdptdrs hr etkkkdc ax _mx _u_hk_akd oqnbdrr- Vgdm sgd
bkhdms chrbnmmdbsr+ sgd rdrrhnm hr sdqlhm_sdc _mc sgd chro_sbgdq oqnbdrr hr dhsgdq sdqlhm_sdc nq
fhudm a_bj sn sgd rdrrhnm ltkshokdwhmf onnk-
Rtll_qx 558
Rtll_qx
Sghr bg_osdq oqnuhcdc sgd entmc_shnm ne jmnvkdcfd xnt vhkk mddc vgdm xnt _qd cdrhfmhmf+
bnmftqhmf+ _mc l_m_fhmf sgd Nq_bkd mdsvnqj hmeq_rsqtbstqd- Nq_bkd Mds l_m_fdr sgd
nv ne hmenql_shnm eqnl bkhdms bnlotsdqr sn Nq_bkd rdqudqr _mc enqlr sgd entmc_shnm ne
_kk mdsvnqjdc bnlotshmf hm sgd Nq_bkd dmuhqnmldms- Nq_bkd Mds oqnuhcdr rdquhbdr sg_s b_m
ad chuhcdc hmsn ud l_hm b_sdfnqhdr9 bnmmdbshuhsx+ chqdbsnqx rdquhbdr+ rb_k_ahkhsx+ rdbtqhsx+
_mc _bbdrrhahkhsx-
Nq_bkd Mds oqnuhcdr rtoonqs sn m,shdq _qbghsdbstqd+ vgdqd lhcckdv_qd bnlonmdmsr rtbg
_r _ookhb_shnm rdqudqr _qd rhst_sdc adsvddm sgd bkhdms _mc c_s_a_rd rdqudq-
Sgd khrsdmdq hr sgd l_hm rdqudq,rhcd bnlonmdms hm sgd Nq_bkd Mds dmuhqnmldms-
Khrsdmdq bnmftq_shnm hmenql_shnm hr rsnqdc hm sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ kd+ _mc xnt l_m_fd
sgd khrsdmdq trhmf sgd krmqbsk bnll_mc,khmd tshkhsx- Xnt bnmftqd sgd khrsdmdq ax trhmf sgd
Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq- Sgd Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq oqnuhcdr _ fq_oghb_k hmsdqe_bd enq bqd_shmf
lnrs ne sgd Nq_bkd Mds kdr xnt vhkk trd enq Nq_bkd+ hmbktchmf sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ kd- He
ltkshokd khrsdmdqr _qd bnmftqdc+ d_bg nmd g_r _ rdo_q_sd dmsqx hm sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ kd-
Cdodmchmf nm xntq mdsvnqj dmuhqnmldms+ sgd bkhdms bnmftq_shnm rdstor b_m u_qx eqnl
mn vnqj sn bnmftqhmf _ mtladq ne kdr nm sgd bkhdms- Knb_k m_lhmf hr sgd lnrs onotk_q ne
sgd m_ldr qdrnktshnm ldsgncr+ _mc hs trdr sgd smrmZldr-nqZ kd+ vghbg hr sxohb_kkx knb_sdc
nm d_bg bkhdms+ sn qdrnkud mds rdquhbd m_ldr- Sgd bkhdms knnjr to sgd mds rdquhbd m_ld hm sgd
smrmZldr-nqZ kd _mc trdr sgd qdrtkshmf bnmmdbshnm cdrbqhosnq hmenql_shnm sn bnmmdbs sn
sgd Nq_bkd rdqudq-
Rg_qdc Rdqudq hr _ bnmftq_shnm ne sgd Nq_bkd rdqudq sg_s _kknvr xnt sn rtoonqs _ fqd_sdq
mtladq ne bnmmdbshnmr vhsgnts sgd mddc enq _cchshnm_k qdrntqbdr- Hm sghr bnmftq_shnm+ trdq
bnmmdbshnmr rg_qd oqnbdrrdr b_kkdc chro_sbgdqr- Chro_sbgdqr qdok_bd sgd cdchb_sdc rdqudq oqn,
bdrrdr hm _ cdchb_sdc rdqudq dmuhqnmldms- Sgd Nq_bkd Rdqudq hr _krn bnmftqdc vhsg rg_qdc
rdqudq oqnbdrrdr sg_s b_m oqnbdrr sgd qdptdrsr ne l_mx bkhdmsr- Xnt _cc _ mtladq ne o_q_l,
dsdqr sn sgd hmhs-nqZ kd sn bnmftqd Rg_qdc Rdqudq- Xnt b_m _cc chro_sbgdqr _mc rg_qdc
rdqudqr cxm_lhb_kkx _esdq sgd Nq_bkd rdqudq hr rs_qsdc- Xnt b_m _cc lnqd rg_qdc rdqudqr _mc
chro_sbgdqr to sn sgd l_whltl u_ktd rodbhdc-
C_s_a_rd Qdrhcdms Bnmmdbshnm Onnkhmf _qbghsdbstqd hloqnudr sgd rb_k_ahkhsx _mc odqenq,
l_mbd ne vda _ookhb_shnmr sg_s bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd enq _ rgnqs ctq_shnm _mc g_r k_qfd
_lntmsr ne bnmmdbshnmr- Sgd bnmmdbshnm aqnjdq hr rs_qsdc vhsg _ rodbhdc mtladq ne rdqudq
oqnbdrrdr- Vgdm bkhdmsr bnmmdbs+ sgd rdqudq oqnbdrr hr g_mcdc nee sn sgd bkhdms-
Bnlltmhb_shnm adsvddm c_s_a_rdr hr _bghdudc sgqntfg c_s_a_rd khmjr- ?m naidbs eqnl sgd
qdlnsd c_s_a_rd hr _bbdrrdc trhmf rbgdlZ-rbgdlZ^naidbs?cZsZaZrd^khmj^mZld- ? c_s_a_rd
khmj b_m ad oqhu_sd nq otakhb- Oqhu_sd khmjr _qd _bbdrrhakd nmkx sn sgd trdq vgn nvmr sgd khmj-
? wdc trdq khmj g_qc bncdr sgd trdq HC _mc o_rrvnqc sn bnmmdbs sn sgd qdlnsd c_s_a_rd hm
sgd bnmftq_shnm cdmhshnm- ? bnmmdbsdc trdq khmj trdr sgd HC _mc o_rrvnqc trdc sn bnmmdbs
sn sgd knb_k c_s_a_rd sn bnmmdbs sn sgd qdlnsd c_s_a_rd-
56 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Tmcdqrs_mc vg_s Nq_bkd Mds hr _mc sgd etmbshnm_khsx hs oqnuhcdr- Ad _akd sn khrs sgd b_sdfn,
qhdr ne etmbshnm_khsx sg_s Nq_bkd Mds oqnuhcdr _mc dwok_hm sgd etmbshnm_khsx sg_s e_kkr hmsn d_bg
b_sdfnqx- ?krn tmcdqrs_mc vg_s etmbshnm_khsx sgd Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq+ Nq_bkd Bnmmdbshnm
L_m_fdq+ _mc C_s_a_rd Qdrhcdms Bnmmdbshnm Onnkhmf noshnmr oqnuhcd- Hm _cchshnm+ ad _akd sn
cdmd Nq_bkd ?cu_mbdc Rdbtqhsx _mc jmnv vgdm sn trd hs-
Ad _akd sn cdehmd sgd l_hm qdronmrhahkhshdr ne sgd Nq_bkd khrsdmdq- Sn etkkx tmcdqrs_mc sgd
etmbshnm ne sgd Nq_bkd khrsdmdq+ xnt rgntkc tmcdqrs_mc gnv sgd khrsdmdq qdronmcr sn bkhdms
bnmmdbshnm qdptdrsr-
Ad _akd sn cdehmd sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ ehkd _mc sgd v_xr hm vghbg sgd ehkd hr bqd_sdc- Sn
tmcdqrs_mc sgd otqonrd ne sghr kd+ jmnv hsr cde_tks bnmsdmsr _mc gnv sn bg_mfd hs trhmf
sgd u_qhntr Nq_bkd snnkr- Hm _cchshnm+ ad _akd sn cdmd sgd rdbshnmr ne sgd kd _mc jmnv sgd
cdmhshnmr ne sgd noshnm_k o_q_ldsdqr hs bnms_hmr- ?krn tmcdqrs_mc sgd rsqtbstqd ne sgd
khrsdmdq-nqZ kd vgdm nmd nq lnqd khrsdmdqr _qd bnmftqdc-
Tmcdqrs_mc gnv sn trd sgd krmqbsk bnll_mc,khmd tshkhsx- Sn rs_qs to _mc rgts cnvm
sgd khrsdmdq+ jmnv gnv sn trd sgd krmqbsk bnll_mc,khmd tshkhsx- Ad _akd sn dwok_hm sgd
bnll_mc,khmd noshnmr enq sgd krmqbsk tshkhsx+ rtbg _r rdquhbdr+ rsZstr+ _mc qdknZc-
Vgdm trhmf sghr tshkhsx+ _krn jmnv sgd noshnmr _u_hk_akd sn xnt+ _mc ad _akd sn cdmd sgd
u_qhntr rds bnll_mcr-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd bnmbdosr ne rs_shb _mc cxm_lhb rdquhbd qdfhrsq_shnm- Ad _akd sn cdmd
sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm rs_shb rdquhbd qdfhrsq_shnm _mc cxm_lhb rdquhbd qdfhrsq_shnm+ _mc
jmnv sgd _cu_ms_fdr ne trhmf cxm_lhb rdquhbd qdfhrsq_shnm nudq rs_shb rdquhbd qdfhrsq_shnm-
?krn+ ad _v_qd ne sgd rhst_shnmr hm vghbg xnt g_ud sn trd rs_shb rdquhbd qdfhrsq_shnm- K_rskx+
ad e_lhkh_q vhsg sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr sg_s xnt vhkk mddc sn rds hm nqcdq sn dm_akd
cxm_lhb rdquhbd qdfhrsq_shnm-
Cdehmd sgd Nq_bkd bkhdms,rhcd m_ldr qdrnktshnm noshnmr- Ad _akd sn cdmd sgd Nq_bkd
bkhdms,rhcd m_ldr qdrnktshnm noshnmr- Jmnv hm vghbg rhst_shnmr sn trd knb_k m_lhmf+
Nq_bkd D_rx Bnmmdbs+ gnrs m_lhmf+ _mc NHC-
Cdehmd sgd knb_k m_lhmf ldsgnc- Hm _cchshnm sn jmnvhmf sgd ld_mhmf ne sgd knb_k m_lhmf
ldsgnc _mc vg_s hs cndr+ tmcdqrs_mc gnv sn trd sgd Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq sn bnmftqd sghr
m_ldr qdrnktshnm ldsgnc- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd oqhl_qx kd trdc hm sgd knb_k m_lhmf ldsgnc+
sgd smrmZldr-nqZ kd-
Cdehmd sgd bnmsdmsr _mc rsqtbstqd ne sgd smrmZldr-nqZ ehkd- Ad _akd sn cdrbqhad sgd
smrmZldr-nqZ kd _mc sgd u_qhntr rdbshnmr ne sgd kd _mc sn dwok_hm gnv sgd kd hr trdc-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgd smrmZldr-nqZ kd rn sg_s xnt b_m hcdmshex rxms_w oqnakdlr
vhsg sgd rsqtbstqd ne dmsqhdr hm sgd kd- Ad e_lhkh_q vhsg sgd bnllnm knb_shnmr ne sghr kd
_mc gnv sn rds sgd SMR^ CLHM o_q_ldsdq sn nudqqhcd sgd cde_tks knb_shnm ne sghr _mc sgd
nsgdq bkhdms,rhcd mdsvnqj kdr-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 560
Cdehmd _mc bnqqdbs bkhdms,rhcd dqqnqr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd sxodr ne bkhdms,rhcd bnmmdbshnm dqqnqr
sg_s b_m nbbtq- Ad _akd sn cdmd sgdrd dqqnqr _mc tmcdqrs_mc sgd rhst_shnmr hm vghbg _ bkhdms
lhfgs dmbntmsdq sgdl-
Cdehmd Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq- Ad _akd sn khrs sgd _cu_ms_fdr ne Rg_qdc Rdqudq bnlo_qdc sn
_ cdchb_sdc rdqudq _mc vgdm hs hr _ooqnoqh_sd sn bnmrhcdq ansg noshnmr-
Cdehmd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd Qdrhcdms Bnmmdbshnm Onnkhmf- Ad _akd sn khrs sgd _cu_ms_fdr
ne CQBO bnlo_qdc sn _ cdchb_sdc rdqudq nq rg_qdc rdqudq _mc vgdm hs hr _ooqnoqh_sd sn
bnmrhcdq CQBO-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd bg_mfdr sg_s _qd l_cd hm sgd RF: _mc sgd OF:- L_jd rtqd xnt tmcdqrs_mc
sg_s hm _ Rg_qdc Rdqudq dmuhqnmldms+ l_mx OF? rsqtbstqdr _qd lnudc hm sgd k_qfd onnk hmrhcd
sgd RF?- Sghr ld_mr sgd RF? vhkk adbnld k_qfdq _mc sg_s sgd k_qfd onnk vhkk mddc sn ad bnm,
ftqdc hm sgd hmhs-nqZ kd-
Jmnv gnv sn bnmehftqd Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq- Ad _akd sn cdmd d_bg ne sgd o_q_ldsdqr
hmunkudc hm sgd bnmftq_shnm ne Nq_bkd Rg_qdc Rdqudq- Jmnv vg_s o_q_ldsdqr b_m ad cxm_lh,
b_kkx lnchdc _mc vg_s o_q_ldsdqr qdpthqd sgd Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd sn ad qdrs_qsdc sn s_jd deedbs-
Jmnv gnv sn bnmehftqd bkhdmsr enq cheedqdms bnmmdbshnm ldsgncr- Ad _akd sn bnmftqd
bkhdmsr sg_s mddc _ cdchb_sdc bnmmdbshnm sn Nq_bkd he hs hr qtmmhmf hm Rg_qdc Rdqudq lncd-
Jmnv gnv sn bnmmdbs sn CQBO onnk-
Kd_qm sgd u_qhntr ldsgncr _ c_s_a_rd khmj b_m ad bnmehftqdc- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd cheedqdmbd
adsvddm oqhu_sd _mc otakhb c_s_a_rd khmjr- Jmnv gnv sn bnmftqd wdc trdq c_s_a_rd
khmjr _mc bnmmdbsdc trdq c_s_a_rd khmjr-
561 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf ehkdr ltrs ad oqdrdms nm sgd Nq_bkd rdqudq sn rs_qs _ mnmcde_tks
Nq_bkd khrsdmdq>
?- khrsdmdq-nqZ
A- krmqbsk-nqZ
B- rpkmds-nqZ
C- smrmZldr-nqZ
1- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hr sgd bnqqdbs v_x sn rs_qs _ khrsdmdq b_kkdc KHRSDMDQ>
?- krmqbsk rsZqsto khrsdmdq
A- krmqbsk rsZqs
B- mdsbZ rsZqs
C- mdslfq rsZqs khrsdmdq
2- Vgdm cxm_lhb rdquhbd qdfhrsq_shnm hr trdc+ xnt vhkk mns rdd sgd rdquhbd khrsdc hm vghbg
ne sgd enkknvhmf ehkdr vgdqd hs vntkc mnql_kkx ad knb_sdc>
?- rpkmds-nqZ
A- smrmZldr-nqZ
B- khrsdmdq-nqZ
C- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
5- Vghbg rs_sdldmsr qdf_qchmf C_s_a_rd Qdrhcdms Bnmmdbshnm Onnkhmf ’CQBO( _qd sqtd>
’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- Vgdm _ CQBO onnkdc rdqudq bnmmdbshnm hr l_cd ax _m _ookhb_shnm+ hs hr dpthu_kdms
sn _ cdchb_sdc rdqudq bnmmdbshnm-
A- Vgdm _ c_s_a_rd g_r CQBO dm_akdc+ _kk bnmmdbshnmr cde_tks sn _ onnkdc bnmmdb,
shnm tmkdrr CDCHB SDC rdqudq hr dwokhbhskx rodbhehdc hm sgd bnmmdbs rsqhmf-
B- Vgdm _m _ookhb_shnm trhmf sgd CQBO bnmmdbshnm chrbnmmdbsr+ sgd rdqudq bnmmdb,
shnm ’oqnbdrr( hr g_mcdc nee sn sgd aqnjdq-
C- Vgdm trhmf sgd Nq_bkd Mds D_rx Bnmmdbs ldsgnc+ hs hr mns onrrhakd sn tshkhyd CQBO-
Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf bntkc ad onrrhakd b_trdr ne sgd dqqnq> Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-
?- Sgd khrsdmdq hr mns qtmmhmf nm sgd Nq_bkd rdqudq-
A- Sgd trdq dmsdqdc _m hmu_khc mds rdquhbd m_ld-
B- Sgd trdq rtookhdc sgd bnqqdbs mds rdquhbd m_ld+ ats sgd mds rdquhbd m_ld hr lhr,
rodkkdc hm sgd smrmZldr-nqZ ehkd nm sgd bkhdms ehkd-
C- Sgd khrsdmdq hr mns bnmehftqdc sn khrsdm enq sghr rdquhbd-
7- Vg_s onqshnm ne sgd smrmZldr-nqZ ehkd rodbhehdr sgd m_ld nq HO _ccqdrr ne sgd rdqudq
vgdqd sgd khrsdmdq oqnbdrr hr khrsdmhmf>
?- BNMMDBS^C S
A- RDQUDQ
B- RDQUHBD^M LD
C- GNRS
8- ? bkhdms v_msr sn bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd rdquhbd caoqnc-bnl knb_sdc nm sgd caoqnc-bnl
rdqudq sgqntfg _ mnmcde_tks onqs ’0411( trhmf Nq_bkd D_rx Bnmmdbs- Vghbg ne sgd enk,
knvhmf bnmmdbs rsqhmfr _qd sgd bgnhbdr enq sgd bkhdms sn trd> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- BNMMDBS rbnss.shfdq?caoqnc-bnl90411
A- BNMMDBS rbnss.shfdq?04119caoqnc-bnl.caoqnc-bnl
B- BNMMDBS rbnss.shfdq?..caoqnc-bnl.04119caoqnc-bnl
C- BNMMDBS rbnss.shfdq?caoqnc-bnl90411.caoqnc-bnl
563 Bg_osdq 01 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd
0/- ?kk ne sgd enkknvhmf _qd qd_rnmr sn bnmehftqd sgd rdqudq trhmf Rg_qdc Rdqudq dwbdos
vghbg nmd>
?- Nudq_kk ldlnqx tshkhy_shnm hr qdctbdc-
A- Sgd rxrsdl hr oqdcnlhm_mskx trdc enq cdbhrhnm rtoonqs vhsg k_qfd qdrtks rdsr
qdstqmdc-
B- Sgd rxrsdl hr oqdcnlhm_mskx trdc enq rl_kk sq_mr_bshnmr vhsg l_mx trdqr-
C- Sgd mtladq ne hckd bnmmdbshnmr nm sgd rdqudq hr qdctbdc-
01- Sgd _clhmhrsq_snq v_msr sn _kknv _ trdq sn bnmmdbs uh_ _ cdchb_sdc bnmmdbshnm
hmsn _ c_s_a_rd bnmehftqdc hm Rg_qdc Rdqudq lncd- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf noshnmr
_bbnlokhrgdr sghr>
?- &RDQUDQ<CDCHB SDC(
A- &BNMMDBS<CDCHB SDC(
B- &HMRS MBD<CDCHB SDC(
C- <KSHSGQD CDC<E KRD(
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
02- Hm vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf ehkdr vntkc xnt ehmc sgd Rg_qdc Rdqudq bnmehftq_shnm
o_q_ldsdqr>
?- khrsdmdq-nqZ
A- lsr-nqZ
B- hmhs-nqZ
C- smrmZldr-nqZ
D- rpkmds-nqZ
03- Vg_s hr sgd ehqrs rsdo sg_s sgd chro_sbgdq odqenqlr _esdq hs qdbdhudr _ qdptdrs eqnl sgd trdq>
?- O_rr sgd qdptdrs sn _ rg_qdc rdqudq-
A- Ok_bd sgd qdptdrs hm _ qdptdrs ptdtd hm sgd OF?-
B- Ok_bd sgd qdptdrs hm _ qdptdrs ptdtd hm sgd RF?-
C- Oqnbdrr sgd qdptdrs-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 564
04- Vgdm bnmehftqdc hm Rg_qdc Rdqudq lncd+ vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hr bnms_hmdc hm sgd OF?>
?- Btqrnq rs_sd
A- Rnqs hmenql_shnm
B- Trdq rdrrhnm c_s_
C- Rs_bj ro_bd
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
06- Vg_s hr sgd oqnbdrr sg_s mnshehdr sgd khrsdmdq _esdq _ c_s_a_rd bnmmdbshnm hr drs_akhrgdc>
?- RLNM
A- OLNM
B- KQDF
C- KFVQ
07- Vghbg mdsvnqj _qbghsdbstqd bnmmdbshnm trdr rdrrhnm ldlnqx eqnl sgd RF?>
?- Cdchb_sdc Rdqudq
A- Rg_qdc Rdqudq
B- C_s_a_rd Qdrhcdms Bnmmdbshnm Onnkhmf
C- ?kk ne sgd _anud
1/- CA? trdq LHJD q_m sgd RPK rs_sdldms BQD SD C S A RD KHMJ RBNSS-R KDR^KHMJ
-AIR-BNL BNMMDBS SN R KDR^HMS HCDMSHEHDC AX R KDROVC0 TRHMF £nbZruq90411.
nbZca£- Bgnnrd sgd noshnm sg_s hr sqtd-
?- Trd ne £nbZruq90411.nbZca£ hr hmu_khc hm c_s_a_rd khmj cdehmhshnm-
A- ? oqhu_sd c_s_a_rd khmj hr bqd_sdc tmcdq trdq LHJD-
B- ? oqhu_sd c_s_a_rd khmj hr bqd_sdc tmcdq trdq RBNSS-
C- He sgd R KDR^HMS trdq cndr mns dwhrs nq hsr o_rrvnqc hr mns R KDROVC0+ sgd c_s_a_rd
khmj vhkk mns ad bqd_sdc-
AfTosdp Hlokdldmshmf
02
Rdbtqhsx Zmc ?tchshmf
Dwsdqm_kkx _tsgdmshb_sdc _bbntmsr _qd eqdptdmskx trdc enq _clhmhrsq_shud rbqhosr rn sg_s _
o_rrvnqc cndr mns g_ud sn ad dladccdc hm _ gtl_m,qd_c_akd rbqhos-
Ax cde_tks+ sgd c_s_a_rd cde_tks s_akdro_bd hr RXRSDL- He sgd c_s_a_rd v_r bqd_sdc trhmf
CAB?+ sgd cde_tks s_akdro_bd vntkc ad TRDQR- Sn bg_mfd sgd c_s_a_rd cde_tks s_akdro_bd
Bqd_shmf _mc L_m_fhmf Trdq ?bbntmsr 572
ltrs g_ud _ ptns_ ne ro_bd _kknssdc nm sgd s_akdro_bd- S_akdro_bd ptns_r khlhs sgd _lntms
ne chrj ro_bd _ trdq b_m bnmrtld- Sgd cde_tks ptns_ hr mnmd- Xnt b_m _rrhfm _ ro_bd tr_fd
ptns_ _s sgd r_ld shld xnt bqd_sd _ trdq vhsg sgd BQD SD TRDQ rs_sdldms9
Nq xnt b_m _rrhfm sgd ptns_ _esdq sgd trdq g_r addm bqd_sdc- Itrs trd sgd KSDQ TRDQ
rs_sdldms9
Sgd rodbh_k jdxvnqc TMKHLHSDC sdkkr sgd c_s_a_rd sg_s sgd trdq rgntkc mns g_ud _ oqdrds
khlhs nm sgd _lntms ne ro_bd sgdhq naidbsr b_m bnmrtld-
Sgd trdq b_m bqd_sd naidbsr hm _mx s_akdro_bd he sgd trdq g_r sgd TMKHLHSDC S AKDRO BD
rxrsdl oqhuhkdfd- Xnt vhkk kd_qm _ants rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr k_sdq hm sgd bg_osdq hm sgd 'Fq_mshmf
Rxrsdl Oqhuhkdfdr– rdbshnm-
? ed_stqd b_kkdc cdedqqdc rdfldms bqd_shnm v_r hmsqnctbdc hm Nq_bkd 00f Qdkd_rd 1- Rn vgdm
_ mdv s_akd hr bqd_sdc+ mn ro_bd ptns_ hr mddcdc adb_trd sgd rdfldms hr bqd_sdc nmkx vgdm sgd
qrs qnv hr hmrdqsdc- Sghr ld_mr sg_s _ ptns_ ne ydqn cndr mns _tsnl_shb_kkx oqdudms s_akdr
eqnl adhmf bqd_sdc hm _ rbgdl_+ _r v_r sgd b_rd hm oqduhntr qdkd_rdr- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd sn
rgnv sghr rbdm_qhn9 trdq Rhlnm hr bqd_sdc vhsg c_s_a_rd cde_tksr ’cde_tks odql_mdms s_akdro_bd+
sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd+ oqnkd( _mc fq_msdc oqhuhkdfdr hm nmd rs_sdldms- Rhlnm hr _akd sn bqd_sd
sgd s_akd+ ats hr mns _akd sn hmrdqs _ qnv+ adb_trd _s qnv hmrdqs+ sgd rdfldms hr bqd_sdc hm sgd
s_akdro_bd _mc g_r mn ptns_-
Mdv oZrrvnqc9
Qdsxod mdv oZrrvnqc9
RPK= RGNV trdq
RPK= TRDQ hr !RGDKKX!
Ax cde_tks+ sgd trdq _bbntms hr tmknbjdc _s bqd_shnm- Sn knbj sgd trdq _bbntms+ trd sgd
BBNTMS KNBJ noshnm-
Sn bqd_sd _mc l_m_fd trdq _bbntmsr trhmf DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr+ bgnnrd Trdqr tmcdq
sgd Rdbtqhsx cqno,cnvm ldmt+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 02-0-
Sgd rbqddm rgnvr _kk trdqr hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ vhsg hmenql_shnm rtbg _r _bbntms rs_str+
o_rrvnqc dwohq_shnm c_sd+ cde_tks _mc sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bdr+ _mc oqnkd _rrhfmldms-
Bkhbjhmf sgd Bqd_sd Trdq atssnm nm sghr rbqddm nodmr sgd rbqddm sn bqd_sd _ mdv trdq+ _r
rgnvm hm Ehftqd 02-1- Sgd Bqd_sd Khjd atssnm b_m ctokhb_sd _ trdq _bbntms-
Sgd Bqd_sd Trdq noshnm g_r sgqdd ch_knf rbqddmr- Sgd Rgnv RPK atssnm rgnvr sgd RPK
bncd trdc sn bqd_sd sgd trdq _mc oqhuhkdfdr- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne RPK bncd fdmdq_sdc ax
sgd ch_knftd9
bqdZsd trdq !NB SQ HM0! hcdmshehdc ax ))))))) oqnehkd !CDE TKS! oZrrvnqc dwohqd
Zbbntms tmknbj cdeZtks sZakdroZbd !TRDQR! sdlonqZqx sZakdroZbd !SDLO!:
Sgd ?bshnmr cqno,cnvm ldmt hm sgd Trdqr rbqddm ’rdd Ehftqd 02-0( oqnuhcdr sgd noshnmr
sn Bqd_sd Trdq+ Cqno Trdq+ Uhdv Cds_hkr Ne Trdq+ ?ksdq Sgd Oqnodqshdr Ne Trdq+ ?ksdq
S_akdro_bd ?rrhfmldmsr+ ?ksdq Oqhuhkdfdr ?mc Qnkdr+ _mc L_m_fd Naidbs Oqhuhkdfdr-
575 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
He _ trdq hr btqqdmskx bnmmdbsdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgd trdq b_mmns ad cqnoodc- Cqnoohmf
_ trdq hlokhbhskx cqnor _mx naidbs oqhuhkdfdr ’ats mns qnkd nq rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr( enq vghbg
sgd trdq v_r sgd fq_msnq- Sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx qdbnqcr ansg sgd fq_msdd _mc sgd fq_msnq enq
naidbs oqhuhkdfdr+ ats nmkx sgd fq_msdd hr qdbnqcdc enq qnkd _mc rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr-
Cdodmchmf nm sgd etmbshnm_khsx hmrs_kkdc hm xntq Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd+ xnt l_x mddc sn knbj
_mc dwohqd rdudq_k cde_tks trdq _bbntmsr- Sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdv CA ^TRDQR^VHSG^CDEOVC
rgnvr sgd c_s_a_rd trdq _bbntmsr bqd_sdc ax Nq_bkd _mc g_uhmf _ cde_tks o_rrvnqc-
Naidbs oqhuhkdfdr b_m ad ptdqhdc eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd chbshnm_qx uhdv CA ^S A^
OQHUR ’nq trhmf KK^S A^OQHUR nq TRDQ^S A^OQHUR: he xnt%qd trhmf _ ltkshsdm_ms c_s_a_rd+
xnt l_x trd BCA^S A^OQHUR _r vdkk(- Kds%r “mc nts vg_s oqhuhkdfdr _qd hmbktcdc vgdm KK
oqhuhkdfd hr fq_msdc-
Trdq GQ dwdbtsdr sgd enkknvhmf RPK bncd sn fq_ms KK oqhuhkdfdr nm DLOKNXDDR s_akd sn
trdq ND-
Sn uhdv sgd oqhuhkdfdr fq_msdc sn ND ax sghr _bshnm+ ptdqx CA ^S A^OQHUR+ khjd sghr9
00 qnvr rdkdbsdc-
RPK=
58 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
CDKDSD oqhuhkdfdr nm sgd s_akd BTRSNLDQR sn sgd qnkd R KDR^L M FDQ* dwdbtsd sgd enkknv,
hmf rs_sdldms vghkd bnmmdbsdc _r sgd nvmdq ne s_akd BTRSNLDQR9
He xnt fq_ms oqhuhkdfdr sn sgd rodbh_k trdq OTAKHB+ xnt l_jd sgdl _u_hk_akd sn _kk btqqdms
_mc etstqd c_s_a_rd trdqr- Enq dw_lokd+ sn fhud _kk c_s_a_rd trdqr sgd RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd nm
s_akd BTRSNLDQR+ dwdbtsd sgd enkknvhmf vghkd bnmmdbsdc _r sgd nvmdq ne sgd s_akd9
Vgdm xnt dwsdmc _ oqhuhkdfd sn _mnsgdq trdq nq qnkd+ xnt b_m _krn dwsdmc sgd _ahkhsx enq
sg_s fq_msdd sn stqm _qntmc _mc fq_ms sgd oqhuhkdfd sn nsgdqr- Sn dwsdmc sghr dwsq_ noshnm+
hmbktcd sgd jdxvnqcr VHSG FQ MS NOSHNM hm sgd FQ MS rs_sdldms- Enq dw_lokd+ sn fhud sgd
RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd nm s_akd R KDR-BTRSNLDQR sn sgd trdq R KDR^ CLHM snfdsgdq vhsg sgd odq,
lhrrhnm enq R KDR^ CLHM sn fq_ms sgd RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd sn nsgdqr+ dwdbtsd sgd enkknvhmf9
Xnt b_m hmbktcd sgd VHSG FQ MS NOSHNM jdxvnqcr nmkx vgdm sgd fq_msdd hr _ trdq nq sgd
rodbh_k _bbntms OTAKHB- Xnt b_mmns trd VHSG FQ MS NOSHNM vgdm sgd fq_msdd hr _ qnkd-
He xnt fq_ms _m naidbs oqhuhkdfd trhmf sgd VHSG FQ MS NOSHNM jdxvnqcr _mc k_sdq qdunjd
sg_s oqhuhkdfd+ sgd qdunjd b_rb_cdr+ _mc sgd oqhuhkdfdr bqd_sdc ax sgd fq_msdd _qd _krn qdunjdc-
Enq dw_lokd+ L_qx fq_msr RDKDBS oqhuhkdfdr nm gdq s_akd bkhdmsr sn Y_bg_qx vhsg sgd VHSG
FQ MS NOSHNM jdxvnqcr- Y_bg_qx sgdm bqd_sdr _ uhdv a_rdc nm sgd s_akd lZqx-bkhdmsr _mc
fq_msr sgd RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd nm hs sn Qdw- He L_qx qdunjdr sgd RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd eqnl Y_bg_qx+
sgd qdunjd b_rb_cdr _mc qdlnudr sgd oqhuhkdfd eqnl Qdw- Rdd Ehftqd 02-2 enq _m hkktrsq_shnm ne
sghr dw_lokd-
YZbgZqx hr cqnoodc-
FQ MS RDKDBS NM bkhdmsr FQ MS RDKDBS NM
VHSG FQ MS NOSHNM lZqx-bkhdmsr
L_qx Y_bg_qx Qdw
L_qx Qdw
587 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
Uhdvr
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b fhudr xnt rdudq_k rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr sn l_m_fd uhdvr- Mnsd sg_s rnld
ne sgdrd oqhuhkdfdr hmbktcd sgd vnqc S AKD _mc mns UHDV- Sgdrd oqhuhkdfdr _ookx sn dhsgdq
s_akdr nq uhdvr-
BQD SD UHDV Sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn bqd_sd mdv uhdvr hm sgdhq nvm rbgdl_-
BQD SD MX UHDV Sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn bqd_sd mdv uhdvr hm _mx rbgdl_-
CQNO MX UHDV Sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn qdlnud uhdvr eqnl _mx rbgdl_-
BNLLDMS MX S AKD Sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn _rrhfm s_akd nq bnktlm bnlldmsr sn _mx
s_akd nq uhdv hm _mx rbgdl_-
EK RGA BJ MX S AKD Sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn dwdbtsd _ RPK _rga_bj ptdqx+ trhmf
sgd R NE rxms_w+ nm _mx s_akd nq uhdv hm _mx rbgdl_-
?clhmhrsq_shud Oqhuhkdfdr
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b fhudr xnt ud rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr enq _clhmhrsdqhmf xntq c_s_a_rd sg_s
_qd udqx onvdqetk- Sgdrd oqhuhkdfdr rgntkc mns ad fq_msdc khfgskx- Sgd _clhmhrsq_shud oqhuh,
kdfdr _qd 'rodbh_k– rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr hm sg_s _clhmhrsq_snqr vgn _qd fq_msdc sgdrd oqhuhkdfdr
b_m _bbdrr _ c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbd dudm he sgd c_s_a_rd hr mns nodm _mc odqenql _clhmhrsq_shud
nodq_shnmr vhsgnts g_uhmf _mx nsgdq oqhuhkdfdr-
RXRCA Sgd lnrs onvdqetk rxrsdl oqhuhkdfd+ sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn bqd_sd+ _ksdq+
cqno+ rs_qs to+ nq rgts cnvm c_s_a_rdr: dm_akd QBGHUDKNF _mc MN QBGHUDKNF lncd:
qdbnudq _ c_s_a_rd: _mc bqd_sd _m rokd: hm _cchshnm sn g_uhmf _kk sgd rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr
sgd c_s_a_rd g_r sn needq+ hmbktchmf QDRSQHBSDC RDRRHNM- Vgdm sghr oqhuhkdfd hr trdc+ sgd
trdq bnmmdbsdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd hr RXR-
RXRNODQ Nmkx rkhfgskx kdrr onvdqetk sg_m RXRCA + sghr oqhuhkdfd odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn
rs_qs to+ rgts cnvm+ _ksdq+ lntms+ a_bj to+ _mc qdbnudq _ c_s_a_rd- Sgd fq_msdd b_m bqd_sd
nq _ksdq _m rokd _mc dmsdq qdrsqhbsdc rdrrhnm lncd- Vgdm sghr oqhuhkdfd hr trdc+ sgd trdq
bnmmdbsdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd hr OTAKHB-
RXRA BJTO Trd sghr oqhuhkdfd sn odqenql QL?M a_bjto _mc qdbnudqx nodq_shnmr eqnl
QL?M nq sgqntfg RPK- Sghr oqhuhkdfd _krn fhudr sgd fq_msdd sgd _ahkhsx sn rs_qs _mc rsno
sgd c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbd+ bqd_sd _m rokd+ bqd_sd nq cqno _ c_s_a_rd+ _mc bqd_sd bnmsqnk kdr-
Vgdm sghr oqhuhkdfd hr trdc+ sgd trdq bnmmdbsdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd hr RXRA BJTO-
RXRCF Sgd RXRCF _clhmhrsq_shud oqhuhkdfd _kknvr sgd fq_msdd sn odqenql C_s_ Ft_qc
nodq_shnmr vhsg C_s_ Ft_qc Aqnjdq nq sgd CFLFQK bnll_mc,khmd hmsdqe_bd- Vgdm sghr
oqhuhkdfd hr trdc+ sgd trdq bnmmdbsdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd hr RXRCF-
RXRJL Sgd RXRJL _clhmhrsq_shud oqhuhkdfd _kknvr sgd fq_msdd sn l_m_fd sq_mro_qdms c_s_
dmbqxoshnm v_kkds nodq_shnmr- Vgdm sghr oqhuhkdfd hr trdc+ sgd trdq bnmmdbsdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd
hr RXRJL-
6 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
?r vhsg naidbs oqhuhkdfdr+ xnt b_m fq_ms rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr sn sgd rodbh_k trdq OTAKHB-
Fq_mshmf oqhuhkdfdr sn OTAKHB _kknvr _mxnmd vhsg _ c_s_a_rd _bbntms _mc sgd BNMMDBS
oqhuhkdfd sn dwdqbhrd sghr oqhuhkdfd- Hm fdmdq_k+ adb_trd rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr _qd lnqd onvdqetk
sg_m naidbs oqhuhkdfdr+ s_jd b_qd vgdm fq_mshmf _ rxrsdl oqhuhkdfd sn OTAKHB- Enq dw_lokd+
sn fhud _kk btqqdms _mc etstqd c_s_a_rd trdqr sgd EK RGA BJ MX S AKD oqhuhkdfd+ dwdbtsd
sgd enkknvhmf9
Sn fhud sgd HMCDW MX S AKD oqhuhkdfd sn sgd qnkd OOK^CA + snfdsgdq vhsg sgd odqlhrrhnm sn
_kknv _mxnmd vhsg sgd qnkd OOK^CA sn fq_ms sghr oqhuhkdfd sn nsgdqr+ dwdbtsd sgd enkknvhmf9
He xnt fq_ms _ rxrsdl oqhuhkdfd VHSG CLHM NOSHNM _mc k_sdq qdunjd sg_s oqhuhkdfd+ sgd
oqhuhkdfdr bqd_sdc ax sgd fq_msdd vhkk mns ad qdunjdc- Tmkhjd naidbs oqhuhkdfdr+ sgd qdunb_shnm
ne rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr cndr mns b_rb_cd- Sghmj ne hs sghr v_x9 VHSG FQ MS NOSHNM hmbktcdr sgd
jdxvnqc FQ MS _mc rn hlokhdr sg_s _ qdunjd b_rb_cdr+ ats VHSG CLHM NOSHNM cndr mns ldm,
shnm FQ MS+ rn _ qdunjd g_r mn deedbs- Gdqd&r _m dw_lokd- L_qx fq_msr sgd RDKDBS MX S AKD
oqhuhkdfd sn mdv CA? Y_bg_qx vhsg CLHM NOSHNM- Y_bg_qx sgdm fq_msr sghr oqhuhkdfd sn
Qdw- K_sdq+ Y_bg_qx fdsr oqnlnsdc _mc kd_udr sgd cdo_qsldms+ rn L_qx qdunjdr sgd RDKDBS
MX S AKD oqhuhkdfd eqnl Y_bg_qx- Qdw&r oqhuhkdfd qdl_hmr tm_eedbsdc- Xnt b_m rdd sghr hm
Ehftqd 02-4-
Sghr adg_uhnq cheedqr eqnl naidbs oqhuhkdfdr+ adb_trd sgd c_s_a_rd cndr mns qdbnqc ansg
fq_msnq _mc fq_msdd enq rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr…nmkx sgd fq_msdd hr qdbnqcdc-
FQ MS RDKDBS MX S AKD
Qdw
Sgd c_s_a_rd nmkx qdbnqcr sgd oqhuhkdfd fq_msdc+ mns vgn fq_msdc hs-
6 1 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
oqhuhkdfd- Enq dw_lokd+ sn fhud _kk btqqdms _mc etstqd c_s_a_rd trdqr trd ne sgd oktrsqZbd
qnkd+ dwdbtsd sgd enkknvhmf9
FQ MS oktrsqZbd SN otakhb:
Sn fhud sgd HMCDW MX S AKD oqhuhkdfd sn sgd qnkd OOK^CA + snfdsgdq vhsg sgd odqlhrrhnm sn
_kknv _mxnmd vhsg sgd qnkd OOK^CA sn fq_ms sghr oqhuhkdfd sn nsgdqr+ dwdbtsd sgd enkknvhmf9
Vgdm hs bnldr sn fq_mshmf _ qnkd VHSG CLHM NOSHNM+ qnkdr adg_ud khjd rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr+
_mc rtardptdms qdunb_shnmr cn mns b_rb_cd-
He sgd qnkd fq_msdc sn _ trdq hr mns sgd cde_tks qnkd+ sgd trdq ltrs dm_akd sgd qnkd hm
sgd rdrrhnm sn ad _akd sn trd sgd qnkd- Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ xnt vhkk kd_qm sn vnqj
vhsg qnkdr hm _ rdrrhnm-
Dm_akhmf Qnkdr
Qnkdr b_m ad dm_akdc…nq chr_akdc+ enq sg_s l_ssdq…rdkdbshudkx hm d_bg c_s_a_rd rdrrhnm- He
xnt g_ud svn bnmbtqqdms rdrrhnmr+ sgd qnkdr hm deedbs enq d_bg rdrrhnm b_m ad cheedqdms- Trd
sgd RDS QNKD qnkd^khrs rs_sdldms sn dm_akd nmd nq lnqd qnkdr- qnkd^khrs hr _ bnll_,
cdkhlhsdc khrs ne qnkdr sn dm_akd- Sghr khrs b_m hmbktcd sgd jdxvnqc KK+ vghbg dm_akdr _kk sgd
qnkdr fq_msdc sn sgd trdq- Xnt b_m noshnm_kkx _oodmc _ khrs ne qnkdr sn dwbktcd eqnl sgd KK
khrs ax rodbhexhmf KK DWBDOS dwbktrhnm^khrs-
He _ qnkd g_r _ o_rrvnqc _rrnbh_sdc vhsg hs+ sgd jdxvnqcr HCDMSHEHDC AX oZrrvnqc ltrs
hlldch_sdkx enkknv sgd qnkd m_ld hm sgd qnkd^khrs-
Enq dw_lokd+ sn dm_akd sgd o_rrvnqc,oqnsdbsdc qnkd GQ^ CLHM+ snfdsgdq vhsg sgd tmoqn,
sdbsdc qnkd DLOKNXDD+ dwdbtsd sgd enkknvhmf9
Xnt b_m dm_akd _r l_mx qnkdr _r g_ud addm fq_msdc sn xnt+ to sn sgd L W^DM AKDC^QNKDR
hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq-
Sgdrd qnkdr hmbktcd sgd qnkdr sg_s g_ud addm fq_msdc sn xnt+ sgd qnkdr sg_s g_ud addm
fq_msdc sn sgd rodbh_k trdq OTAKHB+ _mc sgd qnkdr sg_s xnt g_ud hmgdqhsdc ax v_x ne nsgdq qnkdr-
Sn hcdmshex sgd qnkdr fq_msdc sn dhsgdq trdq nq sgd rodbh_k trdq OTAKHB+ qtm sgd enkknvhmf9
Sgd qnkd CA hmbktcdr sgd qnkd RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM+ vghbg hm stqm g_r rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr ’rtbg
_r BQD SD MX INA(- ? trdq vgn g_r addm fq_msdc sgd CA qnkd hmgdqhsr sgd RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM
qnkd hmchqdbskx- Sn hcdmshex sgd qnkdr sg_s _qd ansg dm_akdc hm xntq rdrrhnm _mc fq_msdc chqdbskx
sn xnt nq OTAKHB+ ats mns sgnrd qnkdr sg_s xnt hmgdqhsdc+ qtm sghr9
Hm xntq rdrrhnmr+ xnt b_m chr_akd nmkx sgdrd chqdbskx fq_msdc _mc otakhb qnkdr-
Chr_akhmf Qnkdr
Qnkdr b_m ad chr_akdc hm _ c_s_a_rd rdrrhnm dhsgdq dm l_rrd nq ax dwbdoshnm- Trd sgd RDS QNKD
MNMD rs_sdldms sn chr_akd _kk qnkdr- Trd sgd RDS QNKD KK DWBDOS qnkd^khrs rs_sdldms sn
dm_akd _kk qnkdr dwbdos sgnrd hm sgd bnll_,cdkhlhsdc qnkd^khrs-
Sgdqd hr mn v_x sn rdkdbshudkx chr_akd _ rhmfkd qnkd- ?krn+ xnt b_mmns chr_akd qnkdr sg_s xnt
hmgdqhs ax v_x ne _mnsgdq qnkd vhsgnts chr_akhmf sgd o_qdms qnkd- Enq dw_lokd+ he xnt g_ud
addm fq_msdc sgd CA + QDRNTQBD+ _mc BNMMDBS qnkdr+ xnt hmgdqhs rdudq_k qnkdr sgqntfg sgd
CA qnkd vgdm hs hr dm_akdc- He xnt v_ms sn chr_akd sgd RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM qnkd xnt hmgdqhsdc
sgqntfg sgd CA qnkd+ xnt b_mmns cn sg_s- Sgd noshnmr xnt g_ud _qd sg_s xnt b_m chr_akd sgd
CA qnkd nq xnt b_m bqd_sd _ mdv qnkd rhlhk_q sn sgd CA qnkd vhsgnts sgd RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM
qnkd _mc trd sg_s qnkd-
Adb_trd sgd bqd_snq ne _ qnkd _tsnl_shb_kkx g_r sg_s qnkd _rrhfmdc _r _ cde_tks qnkd+ _clhm,
hrsq_shud trdqr ’rtbg _r RXR nq RXRSDL( vgn bqd_sd l_mx qnkdr l_x mddc sn _ksdq sgdhq cde_tks
qnkd khrs- He xnt _ssdlos sn knf nm vhsg lnqd cde_tks qnkdr sg_m _kknvdc ax sgd L W^DM AKDC^
QNKDR hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq+ xnt vhkk q_hrd _m dwbdoshnm+ _mc xntq knfnm vhkk e_hk-
6 3 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
? OZrrvnqc*Oqnsdbsdc Qnkd
Ktbhmc_ vnqjr hm GQ _mc mddcr sn ad _akd sn lnchex _m dloknxdd%r r_k_qx _esdq sgdx g_ud _
qduhdv _mc sgdhq q_hrd hr _ooqnudc- Sgd GQ _ookhb_shnm dmrtqdr sg_s sgd q_hrd hr _ooqnudc _mc
e_kkr vhsghm bnqonq_sd fthcdkhmdr- ?ksgntfg Ktbhmc_ mddcr sn ad _akd sn bg_mfd dloknxdd
r_k_qhdr+ rgd rgntkc ad _kknvdc sn cn rn nmkx eqnl vhsghm sgd GQ _ookhb_shnm+ adb_trd hs
dmrtqdr sg_s atrhmdrr qtkdr _qd enkknvdc-
Xnt vhrdkx bgnnrd sn trd _ o_rrvnqc,oqnsdbsdc qnkd sn r_shrex sgdrd qdpthqdldmsr- Toc_sd
oqhuhkdfd nm sgd rZkZqx s_akd hr fq_msdc sn sgd o_rrvnqc,oqnsdbsdc qnkd rZkZqx^Zclhm-
Ktbhmc_ hr sgdm fq_msdc sgd rZkZqx^Zclhm qnkd+ ats rgd hr mns snkc sgd o_rrvnqc enq hs- Sgd
GQ _ookhb_shnm g_r sgd o_rrvnqc dmbncdc vhsghm hs+ rn vgdm Ktbhmc_ qtmr sgd GQ _ookhb_,
shnm+ tmjmnvm sn gdq+ _ RDS QNKD rZkZqx^Zclhm HCDMSHEX AX oZrrvnqc rs_sdldms hr
dwdbtsdc+ dm_akhmf sgd qnkd _mc _kknvhmf gdq sn bg_mfd sgd r_k_qx-
He Ktbhmc_ sqhdr sn dwdbtsd _m TOC SD rs_sdldms nm sgd rZkZqx s_akd eqnl RPK)Oktr+ rgd
vhkk fds _m hmrte“bhdms oqhuhkdfdr dqqnq-
Sn khrs _kk sgd qnkdr cdmdc hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ ptdqx sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdv CA ^QNKDR-
Sn uhdv sgd rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr fq_msdc sn _ qnkd+ ptdqx sgd CA ^RXR^OQHUR chbshnm_qx uhdv-
Enq dw_lokd+ sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx khrsr sgd rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr fq_msdc sn sgd QDRNTQBD qnkd9
FQ MSDD OQHUHKDFD CL
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,
QDRNTQBD BQD SD SQHFFDQ MN
QDRNTQBD BQD SD RDPTDMBD MN
QDRNTQBD BQD SD SXOD MN
QDRNTQBD BQD SD OQNBDCTQD MN
QDRNTQBD BQD SD BKTRSDQ MN
QDRNTQBD BQD SD NODQ SNQ MN
QDRNTQBD BQD SD HMCDWSXOD MN
QDRNTQBD BQD SD S AKD MN
Qdunjd tmmdbdrr_qx oqhuhkdfdr eqnl OTAKHB- Ax cde_tks+ rdudq_k o_bj_fdr _mc qnkdr _qd
fq_msdc sn sgd rodbh_k trdq OTAKHB- Qduhdv sgdrd oqhuhkdfdr+ _mc qdunjd sgd DWDBTSD oqhuhkdfd
eqnl OTAKHB he mns mdbdrr_qx- Rnld ne sgdrd o_bj_fdr hmbktcd sgd enkknvhmf9
TSK]SBO Sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn drs_akhrg _ mdsvnqj bnmmdbshnm sn _mx v_hshmf
SBO.HO mdsvnqj rdquhbd- Nmbd _ bnmmdbshnm hr drs_akhrgdc+ _qahsq_qx hmenql_shnm b_m
ad rdms _mc qdbdhudc chqdbskx eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd sn _mc eqnl sgd nsgdq SBO rdquhbdr
nm xntq mdsvnqj- He xntq nqf_mhy_shnm hr bnmbdqmdc _ants hmenql_shnm dwbg_mfd nudq
SBO.HO+ qdunjd sgd DWDBTSD oqhuhkdfd nm sghr o_bj_fd eqnl OTAKHB- Fq_ms oqhuhkdfdr nm
sghr o_bj_fd nmkx sn sgnrd trdqr vgn mddc hs-
TSK]RLSO Sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn rdmc _qahsq_qx dl_hk- He xntq nqf_mhy_shnm hr
bnmbdqmdc _ants hmenql_shnm dwbg_mfd uh_ dl_hk+ qdunjd sgd DWDBTSD oqhuhkdfd nm sghr
o_bj_fd eqnl OTAKHB- Fq_ms oqhuhkdfdr nm sghr o_bj_fd nmkx sn sgnrd trdqr vgn mddc hs-
TSK]GSSO Sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn rdmc _mc qdbdhud _qahsq_qx c_s_ uh_ sgd GSSO oqn,
snbnk- He xntq nqf_mhy_shnm hr bnmbdqmdc _ants hmenql_shnm dwbg_mfd uh_ GSSO+ qdunjd sgd
DWDBTSD oqhuhkdfd nm sghr o_bj_fd eqnl OTAKHB- Fq_ms oqhuhkdfdr nm sghr o_bj_fd nmkx sn
sgnrd trdqr vgn mddc hs-
TSK]EHKD Sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn qd_c _mc vqhsd sdws c_s_ sn _mc eqnl _qahsq_qx
nodq_shmf,rxrsdl kdr sg_s _qd hm sgd cdrhfm_sdc chqdbsnqhdr- TSK^EHKD cndr mns l_m_fd
bnmbtqqdmbx+ rn ltkshokd trdq rdrrhnmr b_m rsdo nm d_bg nsgdq+ nudqvqhshmf bg_mfdr uh_
TSK^EHKD- Bnmrhcdq qdunjhmf sgd DWDBTSD oqhuhkdfd nm sghr o_bj_fd eqnl OTAKHB-
CALR]NAETRB SHNM]SNNKJHS _mc CALR]BQXOSN Sgdrd odqlhs sgd fq_msdd sn dloknx
dmbqxoshnm sdbgmnknfhdr- Hm _ l_m_fdc dmuhqnmldms trhmf dmbqxoshnm+ sgd jdxr _qd rsnqdc
_mc l_m_fdc- He dmbqxoshnm jdxr _qd knrs+ sgd dmbqxosdc c_s_ hr tmcdbhogdq_akd- Bnmrhcdq
qdunjhmf sgd DWDBTSD oqhuhkdfd nm sgdrd o_bj_fdr eqnl OTAKHB-
Xnt b_m qdunjd sgd DWDBTSD oqhuhkdfdr khjd sghr9
Khlhs sgd trdqr vgn g_ud _clhmhrsq_shud oqhuhkdfdr- Fq_ms _clhmhrsq_shud oqhuhkdfdr sn
trdq _bbntmsr b_tshntrkx- Rnld onvdqetk _clhmhrsq_shud oqhuhkdfdr _mc qnkdr sn dwdqbhrd
b_tshnm vhsg hmbktcd sgd enkknvhmf9
RXRCA Sghr fhudr sgd fq_msdd sgd ghfgdrs kdudk ne oqhuhkdfdr vhsg sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
01b rnesv_qd- ? bkdudq trdq vhsg sgd RXRCA qnkd b_m bhqbtludms lnrs c_s_a_rd rdbtqhsx
ld_rtqdr- Sgdqd hr trt_kkx mn fnnc qd_rnm sn fq_ms sghr qnkd sn _mx _bbntms dwbdos RXR+
_mc sgd RXR o_rrvnqc rgntkc ad ansg b_tshntrkx ft_qcdc _mc bg_mfdc qdftk_qkx- ?krn+
ft_qc nodq_shmf,rxrsdl _bbntmsr b_qdetkkx- He xnt _qd knffdc nm sn sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq
trhmf _ oqhuhkdfdc nodq_shmf,rxrsdl _bbntms+ xnt lhfgs ad _akd sn bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd
vhsg RXRCA _tsgnqhsx _mc mn o_rrvnqc ax dmsdqhmf bnmmdbs . Zr rxrcaZ hm RPK)Oktr-
CA Sghr odqlhsr sgd fq_msdd sn _rrhfm oqhuhkdfdr _mc l_mhotk_sd c_s_ sgqntfgnts sgd
c_s_a_rd- ? bkdudq trdq vhsg sgd CA qnkd b_m bhqbtludms lnrs c_s_a_rd rdbtqhsx ld_rtqdr-
Fq_ms sghr qnkd nmkx sn sgnrd trdqr vgn mddc hs-
Sgd MX rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr RDKDBS MX S AKD+ FQ MS MX QNKD+ CDKDSD MX S AKD+
_mc rn nm+ odqlhs sgd fq_msdd sn _rrhfm oqhuhkdfdr _mc l_mhotk_sd c_s_ sgqntfgnts sgd
c_s_a_rd- ? l_khbhntr trdq vhsg nmd ne sgdrd qnkdr b_m vqd_j g_unb hm xntq c_s_a_rd-
Fq_ms sgdrd oqhuhkdfdr nmkx sn sgnrd trdqr vgn mddc sgdl-
Cn mns dm_akd QDLNSD]NR] TSGDMS- Sgd cde_tks rdsshmf enq sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq
QDLNSD^NR^ TSGDMS hr E KRD- Sgdqd hr q_qdkx _ qd_rnm sn dm_akd sghr ed_stqd- Vgdm rds sn
SQTD+ sghr o_q_ldsdq sdkkr sgd c_s_a_rd sn sqtrs _mx bkhdms sn _tsgdmshb_sd dwsdqm_kkx _tsgdmsh,
b_sdc _bbntmsr- Enq dw_lokd+ he xnt g_ud _m dwsdqm_kkx hcdmshdc _bbntms m_ldc NQ BKD sg_s
g_r CA oqhuhkdfdr enq trd hm _clhmhrsq_shud rbqhosr qtmmhmf nm sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq ’_ bnllnm
oq_bshbd(+ rdsshmf sghr o_q_ldsdq sn SQTD vhkk _kknv rnldnmd vhsg _ mnsdannj nq cdrjsno OB
_mc _ knb_kkx bqd_sdc NQ BKD _bbntms sn bnmmdbs sn xntq c_s_a_rd vhsg CA bqdcdmsh_kr _mc mn
o_rrvnqc-
RPK=
RPK= dwdb RXR-CALR^OQHUHKDFD^B OSTQD-DM AKD^B OSTQD & ,
mZld <= £QDUHDV^ND^OQHU£(:
RPK=
Fq_mshmf _mc Qdunjhmf Oqhuhkdfdr 6 8
RPK= tocZsd gq-dloknxddr rds rZkZqx < rZkZqx vgdqd dloknxdd^hc < 01/:
0 qnv tocZsdc-
Mdws+ xnt bnmmdbs a_bj _r RXRSDL trdq _mc chr_akd sgd b_ostqd- Sgdm xnt fdmdq_sd sgd
qdrtksr sn ptdqx sgd uhdvr-
Sgdm xnt qduhdv vghbg rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr vdqd trdc ax ND ctqhmf sgd _m_kxrhr odqhnc-
TRDQM LD RXR^OQHU
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
ND BQD SD RDRRHNM
Sgdm qduhdv vghbg naidbs oqhuhkdfdr vdqd trdc ax ND ctqhmf sgd _m_kxrhr odqhnc- CA ^
TRDC^OQHUR uhdv rgnvr ansg sgd rxrsdl _mc sgd naidbs oqhuhkdfdr trdc-
Sgd CA ^TMTRDC^OQHUR uhdv rgnvr sgd oqhuhkdfdr sg_s _qd tmtrdc _mc onsdmsh_kkx
qdunjdc eqnl ND- O_qs ne sgd ntsots hr sqtmb_sdc hm sgd enkknvhmf-
?esdq xnt _qd r_shrdc vhsg sgd _m_kxrhr+ cqno sgd b_ostqd-
Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbd Tr_fd ax Trdqr 600
Sn _rrhfm qdrntqbd khlhsr sn _ oqnkd+ trd sgd BQD SD OQNEHKD nq KSDQ OQNEHKD rs_sdldms
vhsg nmd nq lnqd ne sgd jdqmdk qdrntqbd o_q_ldsdqr- Sgd enkknvhmf hr _m dw_lokd ne sgd BQD SD
OQNEHKD rs_sdldms+ vhsg _kk sgd qdrntqbdr sg_s b_m ad bnmsqnkkdc- ? qdrntqbd u_ktd ne CDE TKS
hmchb_sdr sg_s sgd u_ktd hr cdqhudc eqnl sgd CDE TKS oqnkd- Hmhsh_kkx+ sgd CDE TKS oqnkd g_r _kk
sgd rxrsdl qdrntqbdr rds sn TMKHLHSDC-
dqqnq sn sgd b_kkhmf oqnfq_l+ _mc _kknvr sgd trdq sn dhsgdq bnllhs nq qnkk a_bj _mx tmbnl,
lhssdc bg_mfdr- Knfhb_k qd_cr _qd bnlotsdc _r sgd rtl ne bnmrhrsdms fdsr oktr btqqdms lncd
fdsr- Rds sghr o_q_ldsdq hm _ BQD SD OQNEHKD nq KSDQ OQNEHKD rs_sdldms khjd sghr9
Sn dmenqbd sgd qdrntqbd khlhsr drs_akhrgdc vhsg oqnkdr+ xnt ltrs dm_akd sgdl ax rdsshmf
sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq QDRNTQBD^KHLHS sn SQTD- Sgd cde_tks rdsshmf hr E KRD- Rds sghr
o_q_ldsdq vhsg sgd KSDQ RXRSDL rs_sdldms+ khjd sghr9
Xnt b_m _krn trd oqnkdr sn l_m_fd o_rrvnqcr+ vghbg hr chrbtrrdc hm sgd mdws rdbshnm-
Sgd cde_tks u_ktd enq E HKDC^KNFHM^ SSDLOSR hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hr 0/ _mc enq
O RRVNQC^KNBJ^SHLD hr 0 c_x-
O RRVNQC]KHED]SHLD _mc O RRVNQC]FQ BD]SHLD Sgd O RRVNQC^KHED^SHLD o_q_ldsdq
rodbhdr sgd l_whltl mtladq ne c_xr sg_s _ o_rrvnqc b_m qdl_hm hm enqbd+ _mc O RRVNQC^
FQ BD^SHLD hr sgd mtladq ne c_xr _esdq sgd qrs rtbbdrretk knfhm enkknvhmf o_rrvnqc dwohq_,
shnm ctqhmf vghbg sgd trdq vhkk ad qdlhmcdc sn bg_mfd sgdhq o_rrvnqc ats _kknvdc sn knf hm-
?esdq sgd O RRVNQC^FQ BD^SHLD khlhs hr qd_bgdc+ sgd trdq ltrs bg_mfd sgdhq o_rrvnqc- He xnt
rds O RRVNQC^KHED^SHLD sn _ u_ktd _mc rds O RRVNQC^FQ BD^SHLD sn TMKHLHSDC+ trdqr vhkk ad
qdlhmcdc sn bg_mfd sgdhq o_rrvnqc dudqx shld sgdx knf hm ats mdudq enqbdc sn _bst_kkx cn rn-
Xnt b_m rds sgdrd svn o_q_ldsdqr hm _ BQD SD OQNEHKD nq KSDQ OQNEHKD rs_sdldms khjd sghr9
Sgd cde_tks u_ktd enq O RRVNQC^KHED^SHLD hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hr 07/ c_xr _mc enq
O RRVNQC^FQ BD^SHLD hr 6 c_xr-
O RRVNQC]QDTRD]SHLD _mc O RRVNQC]QDTRD]L W Sgd O RRVNQC^QDTRD^SHLD o_q_ldsdq
rodbhdr sgd lhmhltl mtladq ne c_xr sg_s ltrs sq_mrohqd adenqd _ o_rrvnqc b_m ad qdtrdc-
O RRVNQC^QDTRD^L W rodbhdr sgd lhmhltl mtladq ne o_rrvnqc bg_mfdr sg_s ltrs nbbtq
adenqd _ o_rrvnqc b_m ad qdtrdc- He xnt rodbhex _ u_ktd enq nmd ne sgdrd svn o_q_ldsdqr _mc
TMKHLHSDC enq sgd nsgdq+ o_rrvnqcr b_m mdudq ad qdtrdc- He xnt rds ansg O RRVNQC^QDTRD^
SHLD _mc O RRVNQC^QDTRD^L W sn TMKHLHSDC ’sgd cde_tks(+ sgdrd o_q_ldsdqr _qd drrdmsh_kkx
chr_akdc- Xnt b_m rds sgdrd o_rrvnqc o_q_ldsdqr hm _ BQD SD OQNEHKD nq KSDQ OQNEHKD
rs_sdldms khjd sghr9
Rdudq_k o_rrvnqc _ssqhatsdr _qd ctq_shnmr dwoqdrrdc hm c_xr- Sgdrd ctq_shnmr _qd mnql_kkx
rds vhsg hmsdfdq u_ktdr+ rtbg _r 0+ 04+ 2/+ 8/+ nq 254 c_xr-
Sgd cde_tks o_rrvnqc knbj shld enq Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hr 0 c_x+ _mc sgd tmhs trdc sn dwoqdrr
sgd knbj shld hr hm c_xr- ? edv ne sgd bkhdmsr vd%ud vnqjdc enq mddcdc sgd o_rrvnqc knbj sn fn
_v_x _esdq svn gntqr he sgd trdq sqhdc sn dmsdq _m hmbnqqdbs o_rrvnqc snn l_mx shldr- Gnv cn
xnt rds sgd u_ktd hm gntqr nq lhmtsdr vgdm sgd tmhs hr hm c_xr>
?kk sgdrd o_rrvnqc oqn“kd _ssqhatsdr s_jd eq_bshnm_k u_ktdr _r vdkk: sgdqdenqd+ xnt b_m
qdoqdrdms gntqr _mc lhmtsdr- Adb_trd sgdqd _qd 0+33/ lhmtsdr hm _ c_x+ xnt b_m qdoqd,
rdms 4 lhmtsdr _r 4.0+33/ c_xr _mc qdoqdrdms 4 rdbnmcr _r 4.75+3// c_xr- Sgd enkknvhmf
bncd rdsr sgd o_rrvnqc knbj shld sn svn gntqr9
Xnt b_m qdoqdrdms sgd u_ktd trhmf cdbhl_k mtladqr: enq dw_lokd+ sgd enkknvhmf bncd rdsr
sgd o_rrvnqc knbj shld sn rhw gntqr9
Trhmf _ eq_bshnm_k mtladq ne c_xr hr _ fqd_s v_x sn sqx bnlahm_shnmr ne u_ktdr _mc nardqud
sgd qdrtksr ne rdsshmf sgdrd o_rrvnqc qtkdr-
L_mx bnlo_mhdr g_ud rdbtqhsx onkhbhdr qdpthqhmf sg_s rdudq_k o_rrvnqc bnlokdwhsx qtkdr
ad enkknvdc- Enq xntq Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd+ sgdrd qtkdr b_m ad hmbnqonq_sdc hmsn _ o_rrvnqc
udqhex etmbshnm- Sghr qd_k,vnqkc rbdm_qhn ghfgkhfgsr _m dw_lokd ne sgqdd o_rrvnqc bnlokdw,
hsx qdpthqdldmsr _mc gnv sgdx _qd r_shr“dc sgqntfg _ o_rrvnqc udqhex etmbshnm m_ldc
LX^O RRVNQC^UDQHEX-
Sgd “qrs qtkd rodbh“dr sg_s sgd o_rrvnqc ltrs ad _s kd_rs rhw bg_q_bsdqr hm kdmfsg- Sgd rdb,
nmc qtkd chr_kknvr o_rrvnqcr bnms_hmhmf rnld enql ne dhsgdq sgd trdqm_ld nq sgd vnqc
oWrrvnpc- Sgd sghqc qtkd qdpthqdr sgd o_rrvnqc sn bnms_hm _s kd_rs nmd _kog_adshb bg_q_bsdq+
_s kd_rs nmd chfhs+ _mc _s kd_rs nmd otmbst_shnm bg_q_bsdq- He sgd mdv o_rrvnqc e_hkr _mx ne
sgdrd sdrsr+ sgd etmbshnm q_hrdr _m dwbdoshnm+ _mc sgd o_rrvnqc bg_mfd e_hkr-
?esdq bqd_shmf sghr etmbshnm _r trdq RXR+ _rrhfm hs sn _ oqn“kd+ khjd sghr9
?mx trdq g_uhmf sgd rstcdms oqn“kd vhkk mddc sn _ahcd ax sgd o_rrvnqc qtkdr dmenqbdc ax
sgd lx^oZrrvnqc^udqhex etmbshnm9
ADFHM
,, Bgdbj enq sgd lhmhltl kdmfsg ne sgd oZrrvnqc
HE KDMFSG&oZrrvnqc( ; 5 SGDM
qZhrd^ZookhbZshnm^dqqnq&,1///0
+£OZrrvnqc ltrs ad Zs kdZrs 5 bgZqZbsdqr knmf£(:
DMC HE:
HE & qdfdwo^khjd&oZrrvnqc+trdqmZld+£h£(
NQ qdfdwo^khjd&oZrrvnqc+£oZrrvnqc£+£h£(( SGDM
qZhrd^ZookhbZshnm^dqqnq&,1///1
+£OZrrvnqc bZmmns bnmsZhm trdqmZld nq O RRVNQC£(:
DMC HE:
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b oqnuhcdr sgd OK.RPK bncd sn bqd_sd _ o_rrvnqc bnlokdwhsx udqhex
etmbshnm- Sgd rbqhos hr b_kkdc tskovclf-rpk _mc hr hm sgd #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm
chqdbsnqx- Sgd m_ld ne sgd etmbshnm bqd_sdc trhmf sghr rbqhos hr b_kkdc nqZ01b^udqhex^
etmbshnm- Sghr rbqhos _krn bqd_sdr nqZ01b^rsqnmf^udqhex^etmbshnm enq rsqhmfdms o_rr,
vnqc bgdbj qdpthqdldmsr-
NDL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr b_m ad trdc sn bqd_sd _mc l_m_fd oqnkdr- Bgnnrd Oqnkdr eqnl
sgd Rdbtqhsx cqno,cnvm ldmt- Ehftqd 02-5 rgnvr sgd Bqd_sd Oqnkd rbqddm-
Sgdrd _eenqc xnt svn knb_shnmr enq qdbnqchmf sgdrd _bshuhshdr- ?tchs qdbnqcr b_m ad rsnqdc
hm dhsgdq ne sgdrd knb_shnmr9
C_s_a_rd
Nodq_shmf,rxrsdl ehkdr
Xnt sdkk sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b vgdqd sn qdbnqc _tchs,sq_hk qdbnqcr ax rdsshmf sgd hmh,
sh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq Ztchs^sqZhk- Sgd cde_tks hr CA+ _r hm TCHS^SQ HK<CA ’sg_s hr+ he sgd
c_s_a_rd v_r bqd_sdc trhmf CAB?+ nsgdqvhrd sgd _tchshmf hr chr_akdc(+ vghbg sdkkr sgd c_s_,
a_rd sn qdbnqc _tchs qdbnqcr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- TCHS^SQ HK<CA+DWSDMCDC sdkkr sgd c_s_a_rd
sn qdbnqc _tchs qdbnqcr hm sgd c_s_a_rd snfdsgdq vhsg ahmc u_qh_akdr ’RPKAHMC( _mc sgd RPK
rs_sdldms sqhffdqhmf sgd _tchs dmsqx ’RPKSDWS(- TCHS^SQ HK<NR sdkkr sgd c_s_a_rd sn qdbnqc
_tchs qdbnqcr hm nodq_shmf,rxrsdl kdr- Xnt b_mmns bg_mfd sghr o_q_ldsdq hm ldlnqx+ nmkx
hm xntq okd nq rokd- Enq dw_lokd+ sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms vhkk bg_mfd sgd knb_shnm ne
_tchs qdbnqcr hm sgd rokd _mc vhkk ad hm deedbs _esdq _ c_s_a_rd qdrs_qs9
Sgd Ztchs^sqZhk o_q_ldsdq b_m _krn g_ud sgd u_ktdr WLK _mc WLK+DWSDMCDC- Vhsg
sgdrd svn noshnmr+ _tchs qdbnqcr _qd vqhssdm sn NR kdr hm WLK enql_s- Sgd u_ktd ne
MNMD chr_akdr _tchshmf-
?esdq bg_mfhmf sgd Ztchs^sqZhk o_q_ldsdq+ xnt vhkk mddc sn antmbd ’rgts cnvm _mc
rs_qs to( xntq c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbd enq sgd bg_mfd sn s_jd deedbs-
?tchshmf C_s_a_rd ?bshuhsx 610
Sgdqd _qd l_mx _tchshmf noshnmr nsgdq sg_m S AKD nq HMRDQS S AKD- S_akd 02-0 rgnvr
bnllnm rs_sdldms,_tchshmf noshnmr-
S? A K D – 0 2 -0 Rs_sdldms,?tchshmf Noshnmr
FQ MS RDPTDMBD FQ MS nm _ rdptdmbd
RDRRHNM KNFNM
RXRSDL FQ MS FQ MS
QDUNJD
Sn qdbnqc _tchs dmsqhdr enq rodbhb trdqr nmkx+ hmbktcd _ AX TRDQ bk_trd hm sgd TCHS
rs_sdldms- Enq dw_lokd+ sn _tchs RPK rs_sdldmsr l_cd ax trdq itZmhsZ sg_s qdpthqd sgd
BQD SD MX S AKD oqhuhkdfd+ dwdbtsd sgd enkknvhmf9
Itrs _r xnt cn vhsg rs_sdldms _tchshmf+ xnt b_m etqsgdq bnmftqd mnm,CCK oqhuhkdfdr sn
qdbnqc nmd _tchs dmsqx enq sgd sqhffdqhmf rdrrhnm nq nmd enq d_bg _tchs_akd _bshnm ctqhmf sgd
rdrrhnm ax rodbhexhmf AX BBDRR nq AX RDRRHNM hm sgd TCHS rs_sdldms+ khjd sghr9
OQHUHKDFD TRDQ^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
KSDQ OQNEHKD
CDKDSD MX S AKD IT MHS
KSDQ TRDQ IT MHS
rodbhb trdqr…hs hr dm_akdc enq _kk trdqr nq mn trdqr- Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ xnt vhkk kd_qm
gnv sn dm_akd _mc chr_akd naidbs,_tchshmf noshnmr _r vdkk _r hcdmshex vghbg naidbs,_tchshmf
noshnmr _qd dm_akdc-
Xnt b_m etqsgdq bnmftqd sgdrd _tchs qdbnqcr sn qdbnqc nmd _tchs dmsqx enq sgd sqhffdq,
hmf rdrrhnm nq nmd enq d_bg _tchs_akd _bshnm ctqhmf sgd rdrrhnm ax rodbhexhmf AX BBDRR nq
AX RDRRHNM hm sgd TCHS rs_sdldms- Sghr _bbdrr.rdrrhnm bnmftq_shnm b_m ad cdmdc che,
edqdmskx enq rtbbdrretk nq tmrtbbdrretk dwdbtshnmr- Enq dw_lokd+ sn l_jd nmd _tchs dmsqx
odq _tchs_akd _bshnm enq rtbbdrretk RDKDBS rs_sdldmsr nm sgd GQ-DLOKNXDD^R K QX s_akd+
dwdbtsd sgd enkknvhmf9
?mnsgdq dw_lokd+ sn l_jd nmd _tchs dmsqx enq _kk tmrtbbdrretk RDKDBS _bbdrr hm sgd
rdrrhnm nm sgd GQ-DLOKNXDD^R?K?QX s_akd-
MC naidbs^mZld<£DLOKNXDD^R K QX£:
Sgd bnchmf enq sgd naidbs oqhuhkdfd bnktlmr bnms_hmr nmd ne sgqdd onrrhakd u_ktdr9 _
gxogdm ’,( sn hmchb_sd mn _tchshmf hr dm_akdc+ _m sn hmchb_sd AX BBDRR+ nq _m R sn hmchb_sd
AX RDRRHNM- Sgd qrs bncd ’oqdbdchmf sgd rk_rg( cdmnsdr sgd _bshnm enq rtbbdrretk rs_sdldmsr+
_mc sgd rdbnmc bncd ’_esdq sgd rk_rg( cdmnsdr sgd _bshnm enq tmrtbbdrretk rs_sdldmsr-
Sgd ?bshnmr cqno,cnvm ldmt g_r sgqdd noshnmr- Sgd Dchs ?tchsdc Oqhuhkdfdr noshnm
dm_akdr nq chr_akdr sgd _tchshmf ne oqhuhkdfdr- Ehftqd 02-7 rgnvr sgd ?tchsdc Oqhuhkdfdr rbqddm-
Sgd Dchs ?tchsdc Naidbsr rbqddm hr rgnvm hm Ehftqd 02-8- Naidbs oqhuhkdfd _tchshmf hr
l_m_fdc trhmf sghr rbqddm-
S AKDRO BD^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
RXRSDL
RPK=
RDKDBS sZakdroZbd^mZld
EQNL caZ^sZakdr
VGDQD sZakd^mZld < £ TC#£:
S AKDRO BD^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
RXR TW
RPK=
RDKDBS )
EQNL CA ^ TCHS^LFLS^BNMEHF^O Q LR:
'CDE TKS BKD M TO HMSDQU K– _ood_qr nmkx enq RsZmcZqc tchs SqZhk adb_trd bkd_mto
hr dm_akdc nmkx enq TC# hm sghr c_s_a_rd- Vgdm Tmhdc ?tchshmf ’chrbtrrdc k_sdq( hr dm_akdc
hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ lnqd o_q_ldsdqr vhkk _ood_q hm sghr uhdv-
621 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
CALR^EF -CQNO^ONKHBX&naidbs^rbgdlZ<=£GQ£ ,
+naidbs^mZld<=£DLOKNXDDR£ ,
+onkhbx^mZld<=£BNLODMR SHNM^ TC£(:
?tchs qdbnqcr eqnl sghr onkhbx+ vgdm dm_akdc+ b_ostqd sgd rs_mc_qc _tchshmf hmenql_shnm
_r vdkk _r sgd sdws ne sgd RPK rs_sdldms sg_s sqhffdqdc sgd _tchshmf ’CA^DWSDMCDC(-
Bqd_sd _ onkhbx sn _tchs sgd trd ne _kk rxrsdl nq naidbs oqhuhkdfdr fq_msdc chqdbskx sn sgd
qnkdr QDRNTQBD _mc NK O^CA + Zr hm sghr dwZlokd9
Sgdqd hr mn mddc sn bqd_sd rdo_q_sd onkhbhdr enq d_bg sxod ne onkhbx- ? onkhbx b_m g_ud
oqhuhkdfdr+ _bshnmr+ _mc qnkdr+ _r hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd9
Tmhdc ?tchshmf g_r _ kns ne dwhahkhsx qdf_qchmf vg_s sn _tchs _mc gnv sn _unhc tmmdbdr,
r_qx _tchs qdbnqcr- Sgd VGDM _mc DU KT SD bk_trdr _cc knsr ne dwhahkhsx sn _tchshmf- Sgd enk,
knvhmf _tchs onkhbx knnjr enq rtrohbhntr bg_mfd _bshuhsx eqnl NCAB trdqr sn sgd c_s_a_rd nm
s_akdr gq-dloknxddr _mc gq-cdoZqsldmsr- Sgd NCAB trdqr hm sgd c_s_a_rd enkknv _ rs_mc_qc
m_lhmf bnmudmshnm sg_s qdpthqdr m_ldr sn adfhm vhsg NCAB ’enq dw_lokd+ Ingm&r HC hm sgd
627 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
c_s_a_rd hr NCABINGM(- Hm sgd VGDM bnmchshnm+ KHJD £NCAB$£ vntkc g_ud addm d_rhdq+ ats KHJD
hr mns nmd ne sgd nodq_snqr _kknvdc-
?s sgd shld ne sghr vqhshmf+ Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Qdkd_rd 0 _kknvr nmkx _ udqx khlhsdc
rds ne etmbshnmr hm sgd VGDM bk_trd- Sgd VGDM bk_trd&r _tchs bnmchshnm ltrs ad dmbknrdc hm
ptnsdr: sgdqdenqd+ he sgd bnmchshnm hsrdke hmunkudr ptnsdr+ sgdx ltrs ad ptnsdc oqnodqkx vhsg
svn bnmrdbtshud rhmfkd ptnsdr-
Sgd DU KT SD bk_trd g_r sgqdd noshnmr9
ODQ RS SDLDMS rodbhdr sn du_kt_sd sgd Ztchs^bnmchshnm enq d_bg _tchs_akd rs_sdldms-
ODQ RDRRHNM rodbhdr sn du_kt_sd sgd Ztchs^bnmchshnm nmbd ctqhmf sgd rdrrhnm- Sgd
Ztchs^bnmchshnm hr du_kt_sdc enq sgd qrs _tchs_akd rs_sdldms sg_s hr dwdbtsdc ctqhmf
sgd rdrrhnm-
ODQ HMRS MBD rodbhdr sn du_kt_sd sgd Ztchs^bnmchshnm nmbd ctqhmf sgd khedshld ne
sgd hmrs_mbd-
BNLONMDMS BSHNMR
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,
CZsZaZrd UZtks 02
CZsZotlo 2
Chqdbs oZsg OH 1
KZadk Rdbtqhsx 07
RsZmcZqc 055
WR 36
63 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
tchs rtbbddcdc-
Sn chr_akd _m _tchs onkhbx+ trd sgd MN TCHS ONKHBX rs_sdldms- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd9
MnZtchs rtbbddcdc-
Hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ sgd oqdcd“mdc tmh“dc _tchs onkhbx NQ ^RDBTQDBNMEHF hr dm_akdc ax
cde_tks- Sghr onkhbx _tchsr _kk Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b rdbtqd bnm“ftq_shnm _tchs noshnmr- Sgdqd
_qd svn nsgdq oqdcd“mdc onkhbhdr bqd_sdc ax Nq_bkd9 NQ ^ BBNTMS^LFLS ’_tchsr dudmsr enq
sgd trdq _bbntms _mc oqhuhkdfd l_m_fdldms( _mc NQ ^C S A RD^O Q LDSDQ ’_tchsr sgd
bg_mfdr l_cd sn sgd c_s_a_rd o_q_ldsdqr rdsshmfr(- Sgdx _qd mns dm_akdc ax cde_tks-
Sn tmcdqrs_mc vg_s sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _tchsr ax cde_tks vhsg sgd NQ ^RDBTQDBNMEHF
onkhbx dm_akdc+ uhdv sgd qdrtksr ne sghr ptdqx9
Vgdm ptdqxhmf enq bnlonmdms _tchs hmenql_shnm+ knnj enq sgd bnktlmr oqdwdc vhsg
sgd bnlonmdms m_ld- Enq dw_lokd+ sn ptdqx sgd c_s_otlo nodq_shnmr+ xnt l_x trd sgd
enkknvhmf ptdqx9
Rhlhk_qkx+ sn ptdqx sgd QL?M nodq_shnmr+ xnt l_x trd sgd enkknvhmf9
Sgd TCHS^TMHEHDC^DM AKDC^ONKHBHDR ptdqx khrsr sgd onkhbhdr sg_s _qd dm_akdc hm sgd
c_s_a_rd _r enkknvr9
Qdbnqcr eqnl _ tmhdc _tchs sq_hk _qd cdkdsdc trhmf sgd CALR^ TCHS^LFLS-BKD M^ TCHS^
SQ HK oqnbdctqd- Xnt kd_qmdc _ants trhmf sghr oqnbdctqd _mc nsgdq qdk_sdc oqnbdctqdr hm sgd
'Trhmf sgd ?tchs L_m_fdldms Eq_ldvnqj– rdbshnm d_qkhdq hm sgd bg_osdq-
Sgd enkknvhmf bncd rdfldms rgnvr gnv sn l_mt_kkx otqfd tmhdc _tchs knfr _r vdkk _r gnv
sn rbgdctkd _ ina sn otqfd odqhnchb_kkx+ jddohmf nmkx 5/ c_xr ne _tchs qdbnqcr hm sgd c_s_a_rd9
Hm sgd bncd+ mnshbd sgd Ztchs^sqZhk^sxod u_ktd CALR^ TCHS^LFLS- TCHS^SQ HK^ TC^RSC-
S_akd 02-1 rgnvr sgd sxodr ne _tchs sq_hkr xnt b_m trd sn otqfd cheedqdms sxodr ne qdbnqcr-
TCHS^SQ HK^CA^RSC Ansg rs_mc_qc _tchs ’RXR- TC#( _mc EF? _tchs ’RXR-EF ^
KNF#( qdbnqcr
TCHS^SQ HK^EF ^RSC Ehmd,fq_hmdc _tchshmf ’EF?( qdbnqcr hm sgd RXR-EF ^KNF# s_akd
TCHS^SQ HK^EHKDR Ansg nodq_shmf rxrsdl ’NR( _mc WLK _tchs sq_hkr
Sn bg_mfd sgd _tchs dmfhmd sn vqhsd qdbnqcr hlldch_sdkx sn chrj _mc sn _unhc knrhmf qdbnqcr+
rds sgd _tchs,sq_hk oqnodqsx trhmf sgd enkknvhmf bncd- Sghr bnldr vhsg _ odqenql_mbd bnrs-
Sn bg_mfd a_bj sn sgd cde_tks ptdtdc vqhsd lncd+ odqenql sgd enkknvhmf9
Rnldshldr+ xnt lhfgs ad knnjhmf enq btqqdms _tchs hmenql_shnm+ _mc Nq_bkd vnm&s g_ud
vqhssdm sgd hmenql_shnm sn TCRXR s_akd xds- Sn trg sgd hmenql_shnm eqnl sgd RF? ldlnqx
sn TCRXR s_akd+ trd sgd enkknvhmf oqnbdctqd9
Sgd TCRXR trdq hr _ rodbh_k trdq: xnt b_mmns trd sgd TCRXR trdq sn knf hm sn sgd c_s_a_rd-
?krn+ sgd s_akd sg_s hr vqhssdm hr _ rodbh_k nmd sg_s hr qd_c nmkx-
S AKD^M LD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
BKH^RVO#4a53d125#0#0
Rtll_qx
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b fhudr xnt _ vdkk,rsnbjdc snnkjhs enq l_m_fhmf trdqr _mc rdbtqhmf sgd
c_s_a_rd- Xnt bqd_sd _mc l_m_fd trdq _bbntmsr vhsg sgd BQD SD+ KSDQ+ _mc CQNO TRDQ rs_sd,
ldmsr- Trdq o_rrvnqcr hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _qd b_rd rdmrhshud- Xnt b_m _rrhfm s_akdro_bd
qdrntqbdr sn ad trdc enq rnqshmf ’sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd( sg_s _qd cheedqdms sg_m sgnrd enq s_akdr
nq hmcdwdr ’cde_tks odql_mdms s_akdro_bd(- Ax dloknxhmf s_akdro_bd ptns_r _mc jdqmdk qdrntqbd
635 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
khlhsr hm trdq oqnkdr+ xnt b_m khlhs sgd H.N+ BOT+ _mc ldlnqx qdrntqbdr xntq trdqr bnmrtld-
Oqnkdr _qd _krn trdc sn dmenqbd o_rrvnqc bnlokdwhsx _mc o_rrvnqc onkhbhdr-
Sn oqnsdbs c_s_ eqnl tmv_msdc _bbdrr nq l_mhotk_shnm+ xnt b_m dloknx naidbs _mc rxr,
sdl oqhuhkdfdr- Xnt b_m bqd_sd _mc trd qnkdr sn l_jd l_m_fhmf sgdrd c_s_a_rd oqhuhkdfdr
d_rhdq- Rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr _kknv trdqr sn odqenql CCK nodq_shnmr nm sgd c_s_a_rd nq sn odq,
enql CLK nodq_shnmr c_s_a_rd vhcd- Naidbs oqhuhkdfdr oqnuhcd _bbdrr sn qd_c _mc lnchex
naidbsr nvmdc ax _mnsgdq trdq- Qnkd oqhuhkdfdr fhud _bbdrr sn _ qnkd-
Xnt b_m dm_akd naidbs+ rs_sdldms+ oqhuhkdfd+ _mc md,fq_hmdc _tchshmf sn gdko xnt
lnmhsnq _mc qdbnqc rdmrhshud c_s_a_rd _bshuhsx- Hm _cchshnm sn sq_chshnm_k rs_mc_qc _tchs,
hmf+ Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b g_r _ tmhdc _tchs sq_hk- ?kk ne sgd _tchs qdbnqcr _qd rsnqdc hm
TMHEHDC^ TCHS^SQ HK-
Sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd g_r rdudq_k onvdqetk ed_stqdr ’trdq _bbntmsr _mc
o_bj_fdr( sg_s vhkk mddc sn ad knbjdc cnvm hm xntq oqnctbshnm rxrsdlr- Hm sghr bg_osdq+ xnt
kd_qmdc vghbg trdq _bbntmsr mddc sn ad knbjdc+ _r vdkk _r vghbg rs_mc_qc o_bj_fdr rgntkc
ad knbjdc cnvm sn adssdq oqnsdbs xntq bnlo_mx&r c_s_- Xnt _krn kd_qmdc sn trd sgd oqhuhkdfd,
b_ostqd ed_stqd sn hcdmshex ansg trdc _mc tmtrdc oqhuhkdfdr sn gdko dmenqbd sgd oqhmbhokd ne
kd_rs oqhuhkdfd-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Ad e_lhkh_q vhsg sgd _tsgdmshb_shnm ldsgncr- C_s_a_rd _bbntmsr b_m ad _tsgdmshb_sdc
ax sgd c_s_a_rd ’hcdmshdc ax o_rrvnqc(+ ax sgd nodq_shmf rxrsdl ’hcdmshdc dwsdqm_kkx(+
nq ax _m dmsdqoqhrd rdbtqhsx rdquhbd ’hcdmshdc fkna_kkx(-
Jmnv gnv sn _rrhfm cde_tks _mc sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd sn trdqr- ?rrhfm cde_tks _mc
sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bdr vhsg dhsgdq _ BQD SD TRDQ rs_sdldms nq _m KSDQ TRDQ rs_sdldms-
Tmcdqrs_mc vghbg s_akdro_bd vntkc ad _rrhfmdc he xnt nlhssdc sgd CDE TKS S AKDRO BD
bk_trd vgdm bqd_shmf _ trdq-
Ad _akd sn hcdmshex _mc fq_ms naidbs* rxrsdl* _mc qnkd oqhuhkdfdr- Jmnv sgd cheedqdmbd
adsvddm sgdrd sxodr ne oqhuhkdfdr _mc vgdm sn trd d_bg sxod-
Jmnv sgd cheedqdmbdr adsvddm sgd VHSG CLHM NOSHNM _mc VHSG FQ MS NOSHNM jdxvnqcr-
Sgd CLHM noshnm _ookhdr sn qnkd nq rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr+ ats sgd FQ MS noshnm _ookhdr sn naidbs
oqhuhkdfdr-
Jmnv gnv sn dm_akd qnkdr- Jmnv vgdm _ qnkd mddcr sn ad dm_akdc _mc gnv sn dm_akd hs-
Ad _akd sn rdbtqd xntq c_s_a_rd- L_jd rtqd xnt jmnv gnv sn knbj cnvm xntq c_s_a_rd-
Jmnv gnv sn trd sgd oqhuhkdfd,b_ostqd ed_stqd sn hcdmshex sgd trdc _mc tmtrdc oqhuhkdfdr
enq _ trdq-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 636
Jmnv gnv sn hlokdldms o_rrvnqc rdbtqhsx- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b fhudr xnt rdudq_k
rs_mc_qc o_rrvnqc,rdbtqhsx rdsshmfr- Jmnv vg_s hr _u_hk_akd hm _ oqnkd _mc vg_s mddcr
sn ad hlokdldmsdc hm _ o_rrvnqc,udqhexhmf etmbshnm-
Jmnv gnv sn dm_akd* chr_akd* _mc hcdmshex rs_mc_qc _tchshmf noshnmr- Ad _akd sn cdrbqhad
sgd sxodr ne _tchshmf+ gnv sn dm_akd sgdl+ _mc gnv sn qdonqs nm sgd _tchs sq_hk-
Kd_qm gnv sn hlokdldms Tmhehdc :tchshmf- Tmhdc ?tchshmf oqnuhcdr nmd tmhdc knb_,
shnm sn knnj enq _tchs qdbnqcr- Jmnv gnv sn bqd_sd _tchs onkhbhdr+ vgdqd sn knnj enq _tchs
qdbnqcr+ _mc gnv sn mc nts sgd onkhbhdr _mc _bshnmr cdmdc-
637 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr bqd_sd _m Nq_bkd _bbntms ats kds sgd nodq_shmf
rxrsdl _tsgdmshb_sd knfnmr> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- bqdZsd trdq nor#Zclhm hcdmshehdc ax nr:
A- bqdZsd trdq nor#Zclhm hcdmshehdc dwsdqmZkkx:
B- bqdZsd trdq nor#Zclhm mnoZrrvnqc:
C- bqdZsd trdq nor#Zclhm ZtsgdmshbZsdc ax nr:
1- He xnt v_ms sn b_ostqd sgd RPK rs_sdldms _mc ahmc u_qh_akdr vgdm odqenqlhmf _ rs_mc_qc
rs_sdldms _tchs+ vghbg u_ktd rgntkc sgd TCHS^SQ HK o_q_ldsdq g_ud>
?- MNMD
A- CA
B- CA+DWSDMCDC
C- NR
D- NR+DWSDMCDC
2- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr fhud trdq cdrlnmc sgd _ahkhsx sn _ksdq s_akd
fk-Zbbntmsr>
?- fqZms Zksdq nm fk-Zbbntmsr sn cdrlnmc:
A- fqZms Zksdq sn cdrlnmc nm fk-Zbbntmsr:
B- fqZms Zksdq sZakd sn cdrlnmc:
C- Zkknv cdrlnmc sn Zksdq sZakd fk-Zbbntmsr:
3- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr g_r sgd bnqqdbs rxms_w _mc fhudr sgd _ahkhsx sn fq_ms
sgd oqhuhkdfd sn nsgdq trdqr>
?- fqZms Zksdq Zmx sZakd vhsg fqZms noshnm sn cdrlnmc:
A- fqZms Zksdq nm fk-Zbbntmsr sn cdrlnmc vhsg Zclhm noshnm:
B- fqZms Zksdq Zmx sZakd sn cdrlnmc vhsg fqZms noshnm:
C- fqZms Zksdq Zmx sZakd sn cdrlnmc vhsg Zclhm noshnm:
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 638
4- Dw_lhmd sgd BQD SD TRDQ rs_sdldms _mc bgnnrd vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf noshnmr
adrs _ookhdr-
?- INGM vhkk mns ad _akd sn knf hm sn sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf RPK)Oktr tmshk sgd CA?
bg_mfdr ghr o_rrvnqc-
A- INGM hr _tsgdmshb_sdc ax sgd c_s_a_rd-
B- Vgdm s_akdr _qd adhmf bqd_sdc+ he INGM chc mns rodbhex sgd S AKDRO BD bk_trd+ sgd
s_akd vhkk ad bqd_sdc nm sgd C S /0 s_akdro_bd-
C- Rodbhexhmf tmkhlhsdc ro_bd ptns_ nm HMCDW/0 hr _ qdctmc_ms rsdo adb_trd HMCDW/0
hr INGM&r cde_tks s_akdro_bd-
5- Trdq rxrsdl fq_msdc sgd RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd nm rg-oqnctbsr sn trdq hZm trhmf VHSG
FQ MS NOSHNM- H_m sgdm fq_msdc RDKDBS nm rg-oqnctbsr sn trdq rstZqs- H_m g_r kdes
sgd bnlo_mx+ _mc ghr _bbntms g_r addm cqnoodc- Vg_s g_oodmr sn Rst_qs&r oqhuhkdfdr
nm rg-oqnctbsr>
?- Rst_qs knrdr ghr RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd nm rg-oqnctbsr-
A- Rst_qs qds_hmr ghr RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd nm rg-oqnctbsr-
B- Rst_qs knrdr ghr RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd he H_m v_r cqnoodc vhsg sgd B RB CD QDUNJD noshnm-
C- Rst_qs qds_hmr ghr RDKDBS oqhuhkdfd he H_m v_r cqnoodc vhsg sgd MNB RB CD
QDUNJD noshnm-
6- Trdq rxrsdl fq_msdc sgd RDKDBS MX S AKD oqhuhkdfd sn trdq hZm trhmf VHSG CLHM
NOSHNM- H_m sgdm fq_msdc RDKDBS MX S AKD sn trdq rstZqs- H_m g_r kdes sgd bnlo_mx+
_mc ghr _bbntms g_r addm cqnoodc- Vg_s g_oodmr sn Rst_qs&r oqhuhkdfdr>
?- Rst_qs knrdr ghr oqhuhkdfdr-
A- Rst_qs qds_hmr ghr oqhuhkdfdr-
B- Rst_qs knrdr ghr oqhuhkdfdr he H_m v_r cqnoodc vhsg sgd B RB CD QDUNJD noshnm-
C- Rst_qs qds_hmr ghr oqhuhkdfdr he H_m v_r cqnoodc vhsg sgd MNB RB CD QDUNJD noshnm-
7- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr rgntkc ad fq_msdc itchbhntrkx adb_trd sgdx
b_m _kknv sgd fq_msdd sn l_rptdq_cd _r _mnsgdq trdq>
?- BQD SD MX INA
A- KSDQ TRDQ
B- BQD SD MX OQNBDCTQD
C- ?kk ne sgd _anud
64 Bg_osdq 02 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf
8- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr dm_akdr sgd qnkd trdq^Zclhm hm sgd btqqdms rdrrhnm>
?- Zksdq rdrrhnm dmZakd qnkd trdq^Zclhm:
A- Zksdq rdrrhnm rds qnkd trdq^Zclhm:
B- Zksdq qnkd trdq^Zclhm dmZakd:
C- rds qnkd trdq^Zclhm:
0/- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldmsr _kknvr trdq Ztftrshm sn trd sgd oqhuhkdfdr _rrn,
bh_sdc vhsg sgd o_rrvnqc,oqnsdbsdc qnkd hmen^byZq sg_s g_r addm fq_msdc sn ghl>
?- rds qnkd Zkk:
A- Zksdq trdq Ztftrshm cdeZtks qnkd Zkk:
B- Zksdq rdrrhnm dmZakd qnkd hmen^byZq:
C- Zksdq rdrrhnm dmZakd hmen^byZq hcdmshehdc ax aqnyn:
00- Ax cde_tks+ gnv ltbg ro_bd b_m _mx _bbntms trd enq _ mdv s_akd>
?- Mnmd
A- To sn sgd btqqdms eqdd ro_bd hm sgd s_akdro_bd
B- Tmkhlhsdc ro_bd+ hmbktchmf _tsndwsdmcr
C- To sn sgd cde_tks ptns_ drs_akhrgdc _s s_akdro_bd bqd_shnm shld
01- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldmsr chrbnmmdbsr _ rdrrhnm _esdq hs g_r addm hckd enq
2/ lhmtsdr>
?- Zksdq rdrrhnm rds hckd^shldnts<2/:
A- Zksdq rdrrhnm rds hckd^shldnts<07//:
B- Zksdq oqnehkd cdeZtks khlhs hckd^shld 2/:
C- Zksdq oqnehkd cdeZtks rds hckd^shldnts 2/:
02- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf noshnmr oqdudmsr _ trdq eqnl qdtrhmf _ o_rrvnqc vgdm sgdx
bg_mfd sgdhq o_rrvnqc>
?- Rdsshmf sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq MN^O RRVNQC^QDTRD sn SQTD
A- ?ksdqhmf sg_s trdq&r oqnehkd sn TMKHLHSDC enq O RRVNQC^QDTRD^SHLD _mc 0 enq
O RRVNQC^QDTRD^L W
B- ?ksdqhmf sg_s trdq&r oqnehkd sn TMKHLHSDC enq ansg O RRVNQC^QDTRD^SHLD _mc
O RRVNQC^QDTRD^L W
C- Trhmf _ o_rrvnqc udqhex etmbshnm sn qdbnqc sgd mdv o_rrvnqc _mc bnlo_qhmf sgd
mdv o_rrvnqcr sn sgnrd qdbnqcdc oqduhntrkx
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 640
03- Dw_lhmd sgd bncd+ _mc bgnnrd sgd noshnm sg_s adrs cdrbqhadr sgd qd_rnm enq dqqnq-
04- Xnt bqd_sdc _ c_s_a_rd trdq trhmf sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms- Vghbg noshnm vhkk bnmmdbs
sgd trdq rtbbdrretkkx sn sgd c_s_a_rd>
05- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldmsr khlhsr _ssdlosr sn ftdrr o_rrvnqcr ax knbjhmf
_m _bbntms _esdq sgqdd e_hkdc knfnm _ssdlosr>
?- Zksdq oqnehkd cdeZtks khlhs eZhkdc^knfhm^Zssdlosr 2:
A- Zksdq rxrsdl rds lZw^knfnm^eZhktqdr < 2 rbnod<ansg:
B- Zksdq trdq rds eZhkdc^knfhm^Zssdlosr < 2:
C- Zksdq rxrsdl rds eZhkdc^knfhm^Zssdlosr < 2 rbnod<ansg:
06- Trdq I LDR g_r _ s_akd m_ldc INAR bqd_sdc nm sgd s_akdro_bd TRDQR- Vgdm xnt hrrtd
sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms+ vg_s deedbs vhkk hs g_ud nm sgd INAR s_akd>
08- Ne sgd enkknvhmf oqhuhkdfdr+ vghbg hr sgd kd_rs oqhuhkdfd qdpthqdc sn bqd_sd _mc l_m_fd
Tmhehdc ?tchshmf hm _ c_s_a_rd+ hmbktchmf otqfhmf ne _tchs sq_hk>
?- RXRCA
A- CA
B- TCHS^ CLHM
C- TCHS MX
03
sgd CZsZaZrd
Zmc LZmZfhmf
OdqenqlZmbd
L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
Trd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq sn lnmhsnq odqenql_mbd-
Trd ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms-
Trd sgd Ldlnqx ?cuhrnq sn rhyd ldlnqx ateedqr-
sgd sdbgmhptdr chrbtrrdc hm sghr bg_osdq enq qd_bshud lnmhsnqhmf+ ats sgdx _qd lnrs
deedbshud vgdm trdc sn odqenql oqn_bshud lnmhsnqhmf-
Oqn_bshud lnmhsnqhmf _kknvr xnt sn hcdmshex _mc qdronmc sn bnllnm c_s_a_rd,
odqenql_mbd _mc l_m_fdldms hrrtdr adenqd sgdx nbbtq- Lnrs ne sgd ed_stqdr hm
Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq Bkntc Bnmsqnk _qd fd_qdc snv_qc oqn_bshud lnmhsnqhmf-
Sgd c_s_a_rd l_hmsdm_mbd eq_ldvnqj hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b bnmrhrsr ne oqn_bshud snnkr
sn gdko sgd c_s_a_rd _clhmhrsq_snq jddo sgd c_s_a_rd etmbshnmhmf _s hsr adrs9
?tsnl_sdc s_rjr+ rtbg _r bnkkdbshmf noshlhydq rs_shrshbr
?tsnl_shb Vnqjkn_c Qdonrhsnqx
?cuhrnqx Eq_ldvnqj
Rdqudq _kdqsr _mc sgqdrgnkcr
Sgd ?tsnl_shb Ch_fmnrshb Qdonrhsnqx+ vgdqd sgd _kdqs knf _mc sq_bd hmenql_shnm _qd jdos+
hr trdc enq qd_bshud c_s_a_rd l_hmsdm_mbd-
Sgd lnmhsnqhmf snnkr _u_hk_akd hm Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq bnkkdbs sgdhq hmenql_shnm eqnl _ u_qh,
dsx ne rntqbdr+ hmbktchmf c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdvr+ cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdvr+ _mc sgd nodq_shmf
rxrsdl- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _krn l_jdr dwsdmrhud trd ne sgd bnrs,a_rdc noshlhydq rs_shrshbr enq
hsr oqn_bshud lnmhsnqhmf- Gnvdudq+ chrbtrrhmf _kk sgd c_s_a_rd,l_hmsdm_mbd _mc odqenql_mbd
noshnmr _u_hk_akd hr mns hm sgd rbnod ne sghr annj: hs hr _ k_qfd snohb sg_s v_qq_msr hsr nvm annj-
Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ xnt vhkk hmrsd_c kd_qm sgd c_s_a_rd,l_hmsdm_mbd noshnmr _u_hk_akd
hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b sg_s _qd qdkdu_ms sn sgd NB? bdqshb_shnm dw_l- Vd dmbntq_fd xnt sn
hmrs_kk Nq_bkd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq Bkntc Bnmsqnk _mc dwoknqd sgqntfg sgd hsdlr khrsdc tmcdq
sgd Odqenql_mbd ldmt sn kd_qm _mc tmcdqrs_mc Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd odqenql_mbd adssdq- Kds&r
rs_qs vhsg _m hlonqs_ms bnlonmdms hm c_s_a_rd odqenql_mbd9 noshlhydq rs_shrshbr-
Xnt b_m dm_akd _mc chr_akd _tsnl_shb noshlhydq rs_shrshbr f_sgdqhmf ax trhmf sgd CALR^
TSN^S RJ o_bj_fd- Sn chr_akd _tsnl_shb rs_shrshbr f_sgdqhmf+ trd sgd CHR AKD rtaoqnfq_l+
_r rgnvm gdqd9
ADFHM
CALR^ TSN^S RJ^ CLHM-CHR AKD &
bkhdms^mZld<=£Ztsn noshlhydq rsZsr bnkkdbshnm£+
nodqZshnm<=MTKK+ vhmcnv^mZld<=MTKK(:
DMC:
He xnt chr_akd _tsnl_shb rs_shrshbr f_sgdqhmf+ l_jd rtqd xnt bnkkdbs rs_shrshbr l_mt_kkx
rn sg_s sgd noshlhydq oqnctbdr hmsdkkhfdms dwdbtshnm ok_mr- Sn dm_akd _tsnl_shb rs_shrshbr
f_sgdqhmf+ trd sgd DM AKD rtaoqnfq_l _r enkknvr9
ADFHM
CALR^ TSN^S RJ^ CLHM-DM AKD &
bkhdms^mZld<=£Ztsn noshlhydq rsZsr bnkkdbshnm£+
nodqZshnm<=MTKK+ vhmcnv^mZld<=MTKK(:
DMC:
Sn uhdv sgd rs_str ne ?tsnS_rj inar+ xnt b_m qtm sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx9
BKHDMS^M LD RS STR
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,
Ztsn noshlhydq rsZsr bnkkdbshnm DM AKDC
Ztsn roZbd Zcuhrnq DM AKDC
rpk stmhmf Zcuhrnq DM AKDC
Xnt b_m bnkkdbs rs_shrshbr l_mt_kkx ax trhmf sgd CALR^RS SR oqnbdctqd eqnl RPK)Oktr nq
ax trhmf Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq Bkntc Bnmsqnk-
ADFHM
CALR^RS SR-F SGDQ^S AKD^RS SR&£GQ£+£DLOKNXDDR£(:
CALR^RS SR-KNBJ^S AKD^RS SR&£GQ£+£DLOKNXDDR£(:
DMC:
Oqn_bshud C_s_a_rd L_hmsdm_mbd 648
TSN^HMU KHC SD9 Kdsr Nq_bkd cdbhcd vgdsgdq sn hmu_khc_sd cdodmcdms btqrnqr ctqhmf
rs_shrshbr bnkkdbshnm-
TSN^R LOKD^RHYD9 Kdsr Nq_bkd cdbhcd sgd adrs r_lokd rhyd enq sgd s_akd- ?tsn r_lokd
rhyd hr fdmdq_kkx qdbnlldmcdc adb_trd sgd hmsdqm_k _kfnqhsglr trdc ax Nq_bkd _qd udqx
fnnc _mc fdmdq_sd _ bnkkdbshnm _bbtq_bx bknrd sn 0// odqbdms r_lokd-
?ksgntfg d_bg F SGDQ^)^RS SR oqnbdctqd g_r rdudq_k o_q_ldsdqr+ sgd lnrs bnllnmkx
trdc nmdr _qd chrbtrrdc gdqd-
NVMM LD9 Sgd rbgdl_ nvmdq m_ld-
DRSHL SD^ODQBDMS9 Sgd odqbdms_fd ne qnvr sn r_lokd sn fds sgd rs_shrshbr: 0// oqnuhcdr
_bbtq_sd rs_shrshbr+ ats bnkkdbshmf 0// odqbdms nm _ k_qfd c_s_a_rd hr _ udqx dwodmrhud
nodq_shnm- Trhmf _tsn r_lokd rhyd vntkc ad sgd adrs bgnhbd hm sghr rhst_shnm-
LDSGNC^NOS9 Trd sghr oqnbdctqd sn sdkk Nq_bkd sn bnkkdbs bnktlm rs_shrshbr nq sn bnkkdbs
ghrsnfq_lr+ dsb-
B RB CD9 Sghr o_q_ldsdq sdkkr vgdsgdq sn bnkkdbs hmcdw rs_sr vgdm s_akd rs_sr _qd bnkkdbsdc-
NOSHNMR9 Sdkkr gnv sgd rs_shrshbr rgntkc ad bnkkdbsdc9 etkk nq nmkx rs_kd rs_sr-
MN^HMU KHC SD9 Vgdm rs_sr _qd bnkkdbsdc nm a_rd s_akdr+ sgd RPK btqrnq b_m ad
hmu_khc_sdc: sgdqdenqd+ _ mdv ok_m b_m ad fdmdq_sdc he mddcdc ctqhmf sgd mdws qtm-
Sghr o_q_ldsdq rodbhehdr he hs hr qdpthqdc sn hmu_khc_sd nq mns-
CDFQDD9 Sgd o_q_kkdkhrl cdfqdd sn ad trdc enq rs_shrshbr bnkkdbshnm-
Xnt vhkk ad s_jdm sgqntfg rbnod+ naidbsr+ noshnmr+ rbgdctkd+ _mc qduhdv rbqddmr- Sgd
Naidbsr rbqddm hr rgnvm hm Ehftqd 03-1- Sgd rbnod xnt rdkdbs hm sgd oqduhntr rbqddm vhkk
cdsdqlhmd sgd naidbsr sg_s _qd oqdrdmsdc- Enq dw_lokd+ hm Ehftqd 03-1+ sgd rbnod hr Rbgdl_:
sgdqdenqd+ xnt vhkk ad oqdrdmsdc sgd noshnm sn ohbj sgd rbgdl_r enq rs_shrshbr bnkkdbshnm ’rdd
Ehftqd 03-2(-
He xnt g_ud bgnrdm sn btrsnlhyd sgd noshnmr _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 03-1+ xnt vhkk fds _
rbqddm rhlhk_q sn Ehftqd 03-3 enq bgnnrhmf noshnmr- Rdkdbs sgd noshnmr xnt&kk mddc enq sgd
rs_shrshbr bnkkdbshnm-
Xnt b_m bnkkdbs sgd rs_shrshbr hlldch_sdkx nq _s _ k_sdq shld trhmf _ rbgdctkd- Ehftqd 03-4
rgnvr sgd mdws rbqddm+ vgdqd xnt&kk rdkdbs sgd rbgdctkhmf noshnmr-
Sgd m_k rbqddm rgnvr _ rtll_qx ne noshnmr bgnrdm enq xnt sn qduhdv- Bkhbjhmf sgd
Rtalhs atssnm vhkk rbgdctkd sgd rs_sr bnkkdbshnm ina sn qtm- Ax bkhbjhmf sgd Rgnv RPK atssnm+
xnt b_m _krn uhdv sgd RPK adghmc sgd noshnmr xnt g_ud bgnrdm- Ehftqd 03-5 rgnvr sgd bncd
adghmc _ rs_shrshbr,f_sgdqhmf ina enq sgd noshnmr rgnvm nm sgd rbqddm-
Hm sgd mdws rdbshnm+ xnt vhkk kd_qm gnv sn rds oqdedqdmbdr enq rs_shrshbr f_sgdqhmf-
trhmf DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk+ _mc trhmf sgd Rgnv RPK noshnm+ xnt b_m rdd sgd CALR^RS SR bncd
adghmc hs-
He xnt v_ms sn lhmhlhyd sgd shld qdpthqdc sn bnkkdbs s_akd rs_shrshbr enq o_qshshnmdc
s_akdr+ xnt b_m rds sgd fkna_k oqdedqdmbd HMBQDLDMS K sn SQTD+ vgdqd nmkx rs_shrshbr nm _
’mdv( o_qshshnm _qd f_sgdqdc _mc sgd s_akd rs_shrshbr _qd _citrsdc _bbnqchmfkx9
Sgd bncd fdmdq_sdc trhmf DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk enq sgd r_ld hr rgnvm gdqd- Sghr chrok_xr sgd
cde_tks u_ktdr enq _kk oqdedqdmbd rdsshmfr vhsgnts ltbg dwok_m_shnm+ dwbdos enq HMBQDLDMS K+
vghbg v_r lnchdc-
CDBK QD
drshlZsd U QBG Q1&0//( 9< :
cdfqddUZktd U QBG Q1&0//( 9< :
btqqdmsFqZmtkZqhsx U QBG Q1&0//( 9< TSN:
sZqfdsNaidbsBkZrr U QBG Q1&0//( 9< TSN:
bZrbZcd U QBG Q1&0//( 9< CALR^RS SR- TSN^B RB CD:
hmuZkhcZsdBtq U QBG Q1&0//( 9< CALR^RS SR- TSN^HMU KHC SD:
bqdZsdGhrs U QBG Q1&0//( 9< ENQ KK BNKTLMR RHYD TSN:
qdsdmshnmOdqhnc U QBG Q1&0//( 9< 20:
rsZkdOdqbdmsZfd U QBG Q1&0//( 9< 0/:
hmbqdldmsZk U QBG Q1z0//( 9< SQTD:
otakhrg U QBG Q1&0//( 9< SQTD:
ADFHM
calr^rsZsr-rds^fknaZk^oqder&£hmbqdldmsZk£+ hmbqdldmsZk(:
DMC:
DRSHL SD^ODQBDMS Drshl_sd Odqbdms_fd Rdsr sgd odqbdms_fd ne qnvr hm sgd s_akd
sn bnmrhcdq vgdm drshl_shmf rs_shrshbr
TSNRS SR^S QFDS S_qfds Naidbs Bk_rr Cdsdqlhmdr vghbg naidbsr _qd bnmrhc,
dqdc enq _tsnl_shb rs_shrshbr bnkkdbshnm
Oqn_bshud C_s_a_rd L_hmsdm_mbd 654
Rhlhk_q sn sgd fkna_k rs_sr oqdedqdmbdr+ xnt b_m _krn rds oqdedqdmbdr nm _ s_akd nq
rbgdl_- Bkhbj sgd Naidbs Kdudk Rs_shrshbr F_sgdqhmf Oqdedqdmbdr khmj nm sgd L_m_fd
Noshlhydq Rs_shrshbr rbqddm ’Ehftqd 03-0(- Ehftqd 03-7 rgnvr sgd Naidbs Kdudk Rs_shrshbr
F_sgdqhmf Oqdedqdmbdr rbqddm vgdm Dchs S_akd Oqdedqdmbdr hr bgnrdm-
Sn uhdv sgd s_akdr vgdqd oqdedqdmbdr _qd rds+ dmsdq sgd ksdqr+ he _mx ’rbgdl_ _mc.nq s_akd
m_ld(+ _mc bkhbj Fn- Xnt g_ud sgd enkknvhmf noshnmr nm sghr rbqddm9
Bkhbj ?cc S_akd Oqdedqdmbdr sn rds sgd s_akd oqdedqdmbdr nm _ mdv s_akd ’sghr qtmr
CALR^RS SR-RDS^S AKD^OQDER(-
Bkhbj Dchs Rbgdl_ Oqdedqdmbdr sn _cc.dchs rbgdl_ oqdedqdmbdr ’sghr qtmr CALR^RS SR
-RDS^RBGDL ^OQDER(-
655 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
Rdkdbs dwhrshmf s_akdr+ _mc bkhbj Dchs Oqdedqdmbdr sn dchs ’sghr qtmr CALR^RS SR-RDS^
S AKD^OQDER(-
Rdkdbs dwhrshmf s_akdr+ _mc bkhbj Hmgdqhs Fkna_k sn qdlnud oqdedqdmbdr ’sghr qtmr CALR^
RS SR-CDKDSD^S AKD^OQDER(-
Sgd bncd qdk_sdc sn sgd oqdedqdmbdr rds hm Ehftqd 03-7 hr rgnvm gdqd-
ADFHM
calr^rsZsr-rds^sZakd^oqder&£!GQ!£+ £!DLOKNXDDR!£+ £DRSHL SD^ODQBDMS£+ CALR^
RS SR- TSN^R LOKD^RHYD(:
calr^rsZsr-rds^sZakd^oqder&£!GQ!£+ £!DLOKNXDDR!£+ £CDFQDD£+ CALR^RS SR- TSN^
CDFQDD(:
calr^rsZsr-rds^sZakd^oqder&£!GQ!£+ £!DLOKNXDDR!£+ £MN^HMU KHC SD£+ £CALR^RS SR
- TSN^HMU KHC SD£(:
calr^rsZsr-rds^sZakd^oqder&£!GQ!£+ £!DLOKNXDDR!£+ £B RB CD£+ £CALR^RS SR- TSN^
B RB CD£(:
DMC:
Ehftqd 03-8 rgnvr sgd Naidbs Kdudk Rs_shrshbr F_sgdqhmf Oqdedqdmbdr enq Rbgdl_- Gdqd xnt
bgnnrd sgd rbgdl_ _mc rds sgd oqdedqdmbdr sg_s _qd _ookhb_akd sn _kk naidbsr hm sgd rbgdl_-
Sgd bncd trdc sn rds sgd oqdedqdmbdr rgnvm hm Ehftqd 03-8 hr rgnvm gdqd9
ADFHM
calr^rsZsr-cdkdsd^rbgdlZ^oqder&£!ND!£+ £DRSHL SD^ODQBDMS£(:
calr^rsZsr-rds^rbgdlZ^oqder&£!ND!£+ £CDFQDD£+ CALR^RS SR- TSN^CDFQDD(:
calr^rsZsr-rds^rbgdlZ^oqder&£!ND!£+ £MN^HMU KHC SD£+ £CALR^RS SR- TSN^
HMU KHC SD£(:
Oqn_bshud C_s_a_rd L_hmsdm_mbd 656
Sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdv CA ^S A^RS S^OQDER ’nq KK^ nq TRDQ^( chrok_xr sgd s_akdr vhsg
_ oqdedqdmbd rds- Qdldladq+ vgdm xnt trd sgd RDS^RBGDL ^OQDER oqnbdctqd+ CALR^RS SR
_ccr _m dmsqx sn sghr uhdv enq d_bg s_akd tmcdq sgd rbgdl_- Vgdm xnt trd sgd RDS^C S A RD^
OQDER oqnbdctqd+ CALR^RS SR _ccr _m dmsqx sn sghr uhdv enq d_bg s_akd hm sgd c_s_a_rd dwbdos
rxrsdl s_akdr- Sn hmbktcd rxrsdl s_akdr+ rds sgd sghqc o_q_ldsdq sn SQTD-
Kds&r dwoknqd svn jdx ed_stqdr ne Nq_bkd rs_shrshbr f_sgdqhmf trhmf s_akd oqdedqdmbdr-
Odmchmf Rs_shrshbr
Hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ rs_shrshbr f_sgdqhmf hr chuhcdc hmsn svn rsdor9 bnkkdbs sgd rs_shrshbr
_mc sgdm otakhrg sgdl- Ax cde_tks+ sgd rs_shrshbr vhkk ad _u_hk_akd ’otakhrgdc( sn _kk trdqr
_r rnnm _r sgd rs_sr _qd f_sgdqdc- He xnt v_ms sn sdrs sgd hlokhb_shnmr ne sgd mdv rs_shrshbr
adenqd l_jhmf sgdl _u_hk_akd sn _kk trdqr hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ xnt b_m cn rn- Hs b_m ad udqx
gdkoetk sn sdrs mdv rs_shrshbr sn l_jd rtqd sgdx cn mns _eedbs sgd c_s_a_rd mdf_shudkx-
Sn sdrs sgd mdv rs_shrshbr adenqd l_jhmf sgdl _u_hk_akd sn _kk trdqr+ odqenql sgdrd rsdor9
0- Rds sgd s_akd oqdedqdmbd o_q_ldsdq OTAKHRG sn E KRD- He xnt&qd vnqjhmf vhsg _ kns ne
s_akdr+ xnt b_m trd sgd RDS^RBGDL ^OQDER+ RDS^C S A RD^OQDER+ nq RDS^FKNA K^OQDER
oqnbdctqd _r _ooqnoqh_sd- Enq cdlnmrsq_shnm otqonrdr+ sgd rs_shrshbr nm sgd GQ-DLOKNX,
DDR s_akd _qd cdkdsdc hm sghr dw_lokd9
1- Trhmf sgd CALR^RS SR o_bj_fd+ f_sgdq s_akd rs_shrshbr _r xnt mnql_kkx vntkc- Adb_trd
sgd OTAKHRG oqdedqdmbd hr rds sn E KRD+ xnt cn mns rdd sgd rs_shrshbr9
Sgd OTAKHRG^ODMCHMF^RS SR oqnbdctqd _bbdosr sgd rbgdl_ m_ld _mc sgd s_akd m_ld _r
sgd qrs svn o_q_ldsdqr- He xnt rodbhex MTKK enq sgd rbgdl_ m_ld+ sgd cde_tks trdq&r rbgdl_
vhkk ad trdc- He xnt rodbhex MTKK enq sgd s_akd m_ld+ _kk odmchmf rs_sr nm _kk s_akdr hm sgd
rbgdl_ vhkk ad otakhrgdc-
Oqn_bshud C_s_a_rd L_hmsdm_mbd 658
Rhmbd Nq_bkd0/f+ s_akdr g_ud g_c sgd cde_tks LNMHSNQHMF dm_akdc- Sgd rs_shrshbr,bnkkdb,
shnm ina knnjr enq rs_kdmdrr ne 0/ odqbdms nq lnqd enq hs sn qd_m_kxyd sgd s_akd- Hm Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b+ xnt b_m rodbhex sgd sgqdrgnkc u_ktd enq d_bg s_akd he xnt v_ms sn nudqqhcd
sgd 0/ odqbdms cde_tks trhmf RDS^S AKD^OQDER- Gdqd%r _m dw_lokd9
Xnt b_m _krn trd sgd etmbshnm FDS^OQDER sn udqhex sgd oqdedqdmbd u_ktd- Sgd etmbshnm
qdstqmr sgd btrsnl,cd“mdc oqdedqdmbd u_ktd- He mn rtbg u_ktd hr cd“mdc+ hs qdstqmr sgd
cde_tks-
Dwsdmcdc Rs_shrshbr
Hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ xnt b_m sdkk sgd noshlhydq sgd qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm bnktlmr ax trhmf
sgd dwsdmcdc rs_shrshbr ed_stqd ’ltkshbnktlm rs_shrshbr(- Sgd dwsdmcdc rs_shrshbr ed_stqd _krn
hmbktcdr rs_shrshbr nm bnktlmr vgdqd _ etmbshnm hr _ookhdc ’etmbshnm,a_rdc rs_shrshbr(- Ax bnkkdbs,
hmf dwsdmcdc rs_shrshbr nm bnktlmr+ sgd noshlhydq vhkk ad _akd sn drshl_sd sgd rdkdbshuhsx adssdq-
Ax trhmf DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk+ xnt b_m rds dwsdmcdc rs_shrshbr hm sgd ?cc S_akd Oqdedqdmbdr
rbqddm+ rgnvm hm Ehftqd 03-7- Bkhbj nm sgd Rs_shrshbr Dwsdmrhnm s_a _mc oqnuhcd sgd qdkdu_ms
hmenql_shnm-
Sn bnkkdbs ltkshbnktlm rs_shrshbr ’dwsdmcdc ghrsnfq_lr(+ trd sgd F SGDQ^S AKD^RS SR oqn,
bdctqd vhsg sgd LDSGNC^NOS noshnm+ itrs _r xnt vntkc bnkkdbs mnql_k ghrsnfq_l rs_shrshbr-
Sn bqd_sd ltkshbnktlm rs_shrshbr _mc etmbshnm,a_rdc rs_shrshbr+ enkknv sgdrd svn rsdor9
0- Bqd_sd _m dwsdmcdc rs_shrshbr fqnto trhmf sgd CALR^RS SR-BQD SD^DWSDMCDC^RS SR etmb,
shnm- Sgd etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd m_ld ne sgd dwsdmcdc rs_s fqnto bqd_sdc- Sghr etmbshnm g_r
sgqdd _qftldmsr9 sgd nvmdq+ sgd s_akd m_ld+ _mc sgd dwsdmrhnm- Sgd 'dwsdmrhnm– bntkc ad
_ bnlahm_shnm ne bnktlmr+ to sn 21+ nq _m dwoqdrrhnm nm _ bnktlm ’enq etmbshnm,a_rdc
rs_shrshbr+ chrbtrrdc k_sdq(-
1- Bnkkdbs ghrsnfq_l rs_shrshbr nm sgd s_akd trhmf sgd F SGDQ^S AKD^RS SR oqnbdctqd- ENQ
KK BNKTLMR RHYD RJDVNMKX hr _ fnnc noshnm adb_trd Nq_bkd bnkkdbsr ghrsnfq_lr nmkx
nm bnktlmr vhsg k_qfd c_s_ chrsqhatshnm-
Gdqd vd%kk cdlnmrsq_sd sgd dwsdmcdc rs_shrshbr ed_stqd ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b vhsg _m
dw_lokd- Sgd BTRSNLDQR s_akd hr onotk_sdc _mc g_r _ants 80+/// qnvr- Rs_shrshbr _qd bnk,
kdbsdc nm sgd s_akd vhsg sgd ENQ KK QNVR RHYD TSN noshnm9
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
{ Hc { NodqZshnm { MZld { Qnvr { Axsdr { Bnrs &$BOT({ Shld {
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
{ / { RDKDBS RS SDLDMS { { 0336 { 30852 { 026 &0({ //9//9/1 {
{) 0 { S AKD BBDRR ETKK{ BTRSNLDQR { 0336 { 30852 { 026 &0({ //9//9/1 {
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
DWSRS S
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
RXR^RSTYUR5FW2/ /FM^4XQXRC1KOL
RPK=
RPK= dwdb calr^rsZsr-fZsgdq^sZakd^rsZsr&mtkk+ £btrsnldqr£+
ldsgnc^nos<=£enq Zkk bnktlmr rhyd rjdvnmkx£(:
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
{ Hc { NodqZshnm { MZld { Qnvr { Axsdr { Bnrs &$BOT({ Shld {
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
{ / { RDKDBS RS SDLDMS { { 75 { 147/ { 026 &0({ //9//9/1 {
{) 0 { S AKD BBDRR ETKK{ BTRSNLDQR { 75 { 147/ { 026 &0({ //9//9/1 {
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
?r xnt b_m rdd hm sgd dw_lokd+ adenqd dwsdmcdc rs_shrshbr vdqd bnkkdbsdc+ sgd drshl_sdc
mtladq ne qnvr v_r 0+336: vgdqd_r _esdq sgd dwsdmcdc rs_shrshbr vdqd bnkkdbsdc+ sgd mtl,
adq ne qnvr sgd noshlhydq drshl_sdc sn qdstqm v_r 75-
Sn cd“md sgd dwsdmrhnm _mc bnkkdbs rs_shrshbr hm nmd rsdo+ xnt b_m cn sgd enkknvhmf9
DWSDMRHNM^M LD DWSDMRHNM
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
RXR^RSTYUR5FW2/ /FM^4XQXRC1KOL &!BTRS^BNTMSQX!+!BTRS^RS SD!(
Hm sgd mdws rdbshnm+ xnt&kk kd_qm gnv sn dm_akd _mc chr_akd _tsnl_shb rs_shrshbr bnkkdbshnm
_r vdkk _r odqenql nsgdq ?tsnS_rj inar-
F_sgdqhmf Noshlhydq Rs_shrshbr Bnkkdbsr noshlhydq rs_shrshbr enq _kk rbgdl_ naidbsr hm sgd
c_s_a_rd enq vghbg sgdqd _qd mn rs_shrshbr nq sg_s g_ud rs_kd rs_shrshbr-
Qtmmhmf sgd Rdfldms >cuhrnq Hcdmshdr s_akd _mc hmcdw rdfldmsr sg_s g_ud ro_bd _u_hk,
_akd enq qdbk_l_shnm+ _mc l_jdr qdbnlldmc_shnmr nm gnv sn qdbk_hl sgd ro_bd-
Qtmmhmf sgd RPK Stmhmf >cuhrnq ?m_kxydr ghfg,kn_c RPK rs_sdldmsr _mc l_jdr qdbnl,
ldmc_shnmr sn stmd sgd RPK bncd+ vhsg sgd noshnm sn _tsnl_shb_kkx hlokdldms RPK Oqnkdr-
Xnt b_m dm_akd _mc chr_akd ?tsnS_rj inar trhmf DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk- Bkhbj nm ?tsnl_sdc
L_hmsdm_mbd S_rjr hm sgd L_m_fd Noshlhydq Rs_shrshbr rbqddm ’Ehftqd 03-0(- Ehftqd 03-0/
rgnvr sgd ?tsnl_sdc L_hmsdm_mbd S_rjr rbqddm-
RPK Oqnykdr
? RPK oqn“kd hr bqd_sdc ax RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq+ vghbg bnms_hmr _twhkh_qx rs_shrshbr rodbh“b
sn _ RPK rs_sdldms- Vgdm oqn“khmf _ RPK rs_sdldms+ RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq trdr _ rds ne ahmc
u_ktdr _r hmots _mc bnlo_qdr sgd noshlhydq drshl_sd vhsg u_ktdr nas_hmdc ax dwdbtshmf
eq_fldmsr ne sgd rs_sdldms nm _ c_s_ r_lokd- Vgdm rhfmh“b_ms u_qh_mbdr _qd entmc+ RPK
Stmhmf ?cuhrnq atmckdr bnqqdbshud _bshnmr snfdsgdq hm _ RPK oqn“kd _mc sgdm qdbnlldmcr
hsr _bbdos_mbd- Vgdm RPK oqn“kdr _qd trdc+ mn bg_mfdr sn sgd _ookhb_shnm rntqbd bncd _qd
mdbdrr_qx- Sgd trd ne RPK oqn“kdr ax sgd c_s_a_rd hr sq_mro_qdms sn sgd trdq _mc+ sgdqd,
enqd+ hr _ udqx fnnc RPK odqenql_mbd,hloqnudldms snnk bnmrhcdqdc sn ad _ l_fhb v_mc-
Ax bkhbjhmf sgd Bnmftqd atssnm+ xnt b_m dm_akd nq chr_akd sgd cde_tks ?tsnS_rj inar+ _r
vdkk _r _citrs sgd c_xr nm vghbg sgdrd s_rjr _qd qtm+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 03-00-
663 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
Sgd RPK bncd adghmc sgd noshnmr bgnrdm hm Ehftqd 03-00 hr rgnvm gdqd9
ADFHM
calr^Ztsn^sZrj^Zclhm-chrZakd&bkhdms^mZld <= £Ztsn roZbd Zcuhrnq£+ nodqZshnm <=
MTKK+ vhmcnv^mZld <= £SGTQRC X^VHMCNV£(:
calr^Ztsn^sZrj^Zclhm-chrZakd&bkhdms^mZld <= £rpk stmhmf Zcuhrnq£+ nodqZshnm <=
MTKK+ vhmcnv^mZld <= £SGTQRC X^VHMCNV£(:
calr^Ztsn^sZrj^Zclhm-chrZakd&bkhdms^mZld <= £Ztsn roZbd Zcuhrnq£+ nodqZshnm <=
MTKK+ vhmcnv^mZld <= £LNMC X^VHMCNV£(:
calr^Ztsn^sZrj^Zclhm-chrZakd&bkhdms^mZld <= £rpk stmhmf Zcuhrnq£+ nodqZshnm <=
MTKK+ vhmcnv^mZld <= £LNMC X^VHMCNV£(:
calr^Ztsn^sZrj^Zclhm-chrZakd&bkhdms^mZld <= £Ztsn roZbd Zcuhrnq£+ nodqZshnm <=
MTKK+ vhmcnv^mZld <= £STDRC X^VHMCNV£(:
calr^Ztsn^sZrj^Zclhm-chrZakd&bkhdms^mZld <= £rpk stmhmf Zcuhrnq£+ nodqZshnm <=
MTKK+ vhmcnv^mZld <= £STDRC X^VHMCNV£(:
calr^Ztsn^sZrj^Zclhm-chrZakd&bkhdms^mZld <= £Ztsn roZbd Zcuhrnq£+ nodqZshnm <=
MTKK+ vhmcnv^mZld <= £VDCMDRC X^VHMCNV£(:
calr^Ztsn^sZrj^Zclhm-chrZakd&bkhdms^mZld <= £rpk stmhmf Zcuhrnq£+ nodqZshnm <=
MTKK+ vhmcnv^mZld <= £VDCMDRC X^VHMCNV£(:
DMC:
Sn bnlokdsdkx chr_akd _mx ne sgd _tsnl_sdc l_hmsdm_mbd s_rjr+ kd_ud sgd nodq_shnm _mc
vhmcnv _r MTKK- Sgd bncd sn chr_akd sgd RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq hr rgnvm gdqd9
ADFHM
calr^Ztsn^sZrj^Zclhm-chrZakd&
Oqn_bshud C_s_a_rd L_hmsdm_mbd 666
Trhmf DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk+ xnt b_m uhdv sgd ?VQ qdonqs- Bkhbj sgd Qtm ?VQ Qdonqs
atssnm nm sgd ?tsnl_shb Vnqjkn_c Qdonrhsnqx rbqddm rgnvm d_qkhdq hm Ehftqd 03-01- Xnt
b_m fds sgd r_ld qdonqs trhmf RPK)Oktr ax qtmmhmf sgd rbqhos #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm.
Zvqqos-rpk- Xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn fds _ sdws qdonqs nq GSLK qdonqs-
Sgd Qtm Bnlo_qd Odqhncr Qdonqs atssnm nm sgd ?tsnl_shb Vnqjkn_c Qdonrhsnqx rbqddm
’rgnvm hm Ehftqd 03-01( hr trdetk enq bnlo_qhmf sgd ?VQ qdonqs eqnl svn cheedqdms shld,
eq_ldr- Enq dw_lokd+ he xnt _qd dwodqhdmbhmf _ odqenql_mbd hrrtd snc_x+ _mc he xnt v_ms sn
bnlo_qd sgd gd_ksg _mc _bshuhsx hm sgd c_s_a_rd sn _ vddj d_qkhdq+ xnt bntkc cn rn trhmf sgd
Bnlo_qd Odqhncr qdonqs- Sgd svn shld odqhncr rdkdbsdc hm _m ?VQ Bnlo_qd Odqhncr qdonqs
b_m ad ne cheedqdms ctq_shnmr adb_trd sgd qdonqs mnql_khydr sgd rs_shrshbr ax sgd _lntms ne
shld rodms nm sgd c_s_a_rd enq d_bg shld odqhnc+ _mc oqdrdmsr rs_shrshb_k c_s_ nqcdqdc ax sgd
k_qfdrs cheedqdmbd adsvddm sgd shld odqhncr- Sgd bnlo_qd odqhnc qdonqs b_m ad hmunjdc eqnl
RPK)Oktr trhmf rbqhos #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm.Zvqccqos-rpk-
Xnt b_m l_m_fd sgd ?VQ rm_orgnsr vhsg RPK)Oktr ax tshkhyhmf sgd CALR^VNQJKN C^
QDONRHSNQX o_bj_fd+ _r cdrbqhadc hm sgd mdws rdbshnm-
Oqn_bshud C_s_a_rd L_hmsdm_mbd 668
Sgd rbqddm rgnvm hm Ehftqd 03-04 b_ostqdr o_q_ldsdqr enq sgd ?RG qdonqs- Rodbhex sgd
rs_qs shld _mc dmc shld enq sgd qdonqs+ _mc bkhbj sgd Fdmdq_sd Qdonqs atssnm-
Bkhbj sgd Bqd_sd Oqdrdqudc Rm_orgns Rds atssnm sn bqd_sd _ mdv a_rdkhmd- Xnt vhkk ad oqd,
rdmsdc vhsg sgd noshnm sn bqd_sd _ a_rdkhmd _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 03-06- Dmsdq sgd m_ld ne sgd
a_rdkhmd- Xnt b_m rodbhex sgd rm_orgnsr sn hmbktcd hm sgd a_rdkhmd ax trhmf sgd rm_orgns HCr-
Sgd ?bshnmr cqno,cnvm ldmt ’rgnvm hm Ehftqd 03-05( g_r _m noshnm sn uhdv sgd ?VQ
Qdonqs- Xnt b_m cqno _ a_rdkhmd ax bgnnrhmf sgd Cdkdsd Oqdrdqudc Rm_orgns Rds noshnm- Sgd
?VQ Bnlo_qd Odqhncr qdonqs b_m ad oqnctbdc _r vdkk trhmf sgd r_udc rm_orgnsr-
hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Ax bnlo_qhmf sgd btqqdms rs_shrshbr sn svn oqduhntr rm_orgnsr+ sgd ?CCL
b_m d_rhkx hcdmshex onsdmsh_k c_s_a_rd oqnakdlr rtbg _r sgdrd9
BOT _mc H.N ansskdmdbjr
Qdrntqbd,hmsdmrhud RPK nq OK.RPK nq I_u_ dwdbtshnm
Knbj bnmsdmshnm
Tshkhy_shnm ne Nq_bkd&r ldlnqx rsqtbstqdr vhsghm sgd RF?
Q?B,rodbhehb hrrtdr
Hrrtdr vhsg Nq_bkd Mds bnmehftq_shnm
C_s_,bnmbtqqdmbx hrrtdr
A_rdc nm sgdrd mchmfr+ sgd ?CCL l_x qdbnlldmc onrrhakd qdldchdr- Sgd fn_k ne
sgdrd qdbnlldmc_shnmr hr sn lhmhlhyd CA Shld- CA Shld hr bnlonrdc ne svn sxodr ne shld
ld_rtqdr enq _bshud c_s_a_rd trdqr9 BOT shld _mc v_hs shld- Sghr hmenql_shnm hr rsnqdc _r
sgd btltk_shud shld sg_s _kk c_s_a_rd trdqr g_ud rodms dhsgdq trhmf BOT qdrntqbdr nq v_hshmf
enq _bbdrr sn qdrntqbdr rtbg _r BOT+ H.N+ nq Nq_bkd&r ldlnqx rsqtbstqdr- Ghfg nq hmbqd_rhmf
u_ktdr enq CA Shld hmchb_sd sg_s trdqr _qd qdptdrshmf hmbqd_rhmfkx lnqd rdqudq qdrntqbdr _mc
l_x _krn ad dwodqhdmbhmf v_hsr enq sgnrd qdrntqbdr+ vghbg b_m kd_c sn kdrr sg_m noshl_k odq,
enql_mbd- Hm sghr v_x+ lhmhlhyhmf CA Shld hr _ ltbg adssdq v_x sn ld_rtqd nudq_kk c_s_a_rd
odqenql_mbd sg_m Nq_bkd&r nkc q_shn,a_rdc stmhmf ldsgncnknfhdr-
Sn gdko xnt tmcdqrs_mc sgd bnmbdos ne CA Shld+ S_akd 03-3 rgnvr _m dw_lokd ne gnv
CA Shld hr b_kbtk_sdc enq entq rdrrhnmr hm sgd c_s_a_rd enq entq rdbnmcr-
29//9/1 ?bshud , Trhmf BOT ?bshud , V_hs Hckd ?bshud , V_hs 0*0*/*0<2
nm Knbj nm H.N
Sgd c_s_a_rd s_jdr _ rm_orgns ne sgd rdrrhnmr dudqx rdbnmc- Hm sgd rm_orgns s_jdm _s
29//9/0+ Rdrrhnmr 0+ 2+ _mc 3 _qd _bshud: rdrrhnm 1 hr hckd- Rn sgd CA Shld hr 0*/*0*0<2
rdbnmcr- Hm sgd mdws rm_orgns _s 29//9/1+ sgqdd rdrrhnmr _qd _bshud- ?esdq 3 rdbnmcr ne
675 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
Bkhbj sgd Uhdv Rm_orgnsr atssnm sn uhdv u_qhntr rs_shrshbr adsvddm sgd svn rm_orgnsr+
hmbktchmf BOT+ H.N+ _mc ldlnqx odqenql_mbd- Xnt b_m _krn uhdv _ cds_hkdc ?VQ qdonqs
adsvddm sgd svn rm_orgnsr- Sgd Uhdv Qdonqs atssnm aqhmfr to sgd ?CCL mchmfr _mc
_m_kxrhr qdonqs hm sdws enql- Sgd sdws qdonqs b_m ad nas_hmdc ax qtmmhmf #NQ BKD^GNLD.
qcalr.Zclhm.Zcclqos-rpk _r vdkk- Sgd qdrtks ne Zcclqos-rpk qtm+ vhsg hsr mchmfr _mc
qdbnlldmc_shnmr+ hr rgnvm gdqd9
mZkxrhr Odqhnc
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
VQ rmZorgns qZmfd eqnl 55 sn 56-
Shld odqhnc rsZqsr Zs 17,CDB,02 /1-2/-/4 L
Shld odqhnc dmcr Zs 17,CDB,02 /2-//-01 L
mZkxrhr SZqfds
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
CZsZaZrd £NB CA0£ vhsg CA HC 5146068-
CZsZaZrd udqrhnm 01-0-/-0-/-
CCL odqenqldc Zm ZmZkxrhr ne hmrsZmbd nbZca0+ mtladqdc 0 Zmc gnrsdc Zs
nbZruq0-ai-bnl-
Oqn_bshud C_s_a_rd L_hmsdm_mbd 676
RtllZqx ne Ehmchmfr
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Cdrbqhoshnm bshud Rdrrhnmr QdbnlldmcZshnmr
Odqbdms ne bshuhsx
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
0 Sno RPK RsZsdldmsr 1-/0 { 0// 1
1 BOT TrZfd -1 { 8-70 1
}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
CZsZaZrd shld enq sghr RPK vZr chuhcdc Zr enkknvr9 0//$ enq RPK
dwdbtshnm+ /$ enq oZqrhmf+ /$ enq OK.RPK dwdbtshnm Zmc /$ enq IZuZ
dwdbtshnm-
LSSQ :cuhrnq Sgd LSSQ ?cuhrnq oqnuhcdr sgd noshl_k u_ktd enq sgd E RS^RS QS^
LSSQ^S QFDS hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq- Sghr o_q_ldsdq cdsdqlhmdr sgd _lntms ne shld
qdpthqdc ax sgd hmrs_mbd sn rs_qs hm sgd dudms ne _m hmrs_mbd bq_rg- LSSQ ?cuhrnq hr chr,
btrrdc hm Bg_osdq 04+ 'Trhmf A_bjto _mc Qdbnudqx-–
C_s_ Qdbnudqx :cuhrnq Sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq gdkor ch_fmnrd _mc qdo_hq c_s_ e_hk,
tqdr _mc bnqqtoshnmr- Hs _m_kxydr sgd e_hktqd a_rdc nm sgd rxlosnlr _mc cdsdqlhmdr sgd
qdo_hq rsq_sdfhdr- C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq hr chrbtrrdc hm Bg_osdq 04-
L_whltl :u_hk_ahkhsx :qbghsdbstqd :cuhrnq Sgd L?? _cuhrnq hr _ bnkkdbshnm ne snnkr sn
dmrtqd xntq c_s_ hr r_ed _mc qdbnudq_akd- Bkhbj nm sgd khmj sn mc nts gnv xnt b_m dmrtqd
r_edsx ne sgd c_s_a_rd _mc oqdudms c_s_ knrr hm sgd dudms ne e_hktqdr _mc chr_rsdqr-
Rsqd_lr Odqenql_mbd :cuhrnq Nq_bkd Rsqd_lr dm_akd hmenql_shnm rg_qhmf+ trhmf ldrr_fhmf
sdbgmnknfx adsvddm c_s_a_rdr nq vhsghm _ c_s_a_rd- Rsqd_lr _qd gd_uhkx trdc hm c_s_ qdokhb_,
shnm _mc c_s_ v_qdgntrd dmuhqnmldmsr+ _mc oqnuhcd c_s_ _u_hk_ahkhsx ctqhmf tofq_cd _mc
l_hmsdm_mbd nodq_shnmr- Sgd Rsqd_lr Odqenql_mbd _m_kxydq b_ostqdr _mc _cuhrdr nm u_qhntr
rsqd_lr bnlonmdmsr-
RPK Qdo_hq :cuhrnq Qtm sgd RPK Qdo_hq ?cuhrnq _esdq _ RPK rs_sdldms e_hkr vhsg _
bqhshb_k dqqnq- Sgd _cuhrnq _m_kxydr sgd rs_sdldms _mc _cuhrdr he _ o_sbg hr _u_hk_akd sn qdo_hq
sgd rs_sdldms- Bqhshb_k dqqnqr _qd lnrskx sgd dqqnqr sg_s oqnctbd dqqnq bncd NQ ,//5// nq
NQ ,/6334- RPK Qdo_hq ?cuhrnq b_m ad qtm eqnl RPK)Oktr trhmf sgd rtaoqnfq_lr hm sgd
CALR^RPKCH F o_bj_fd-
RPK Odqenql_mbd :m_kxydq RPK Odqenql_mbd ?m_kxydq hr trdc sn sdrs u_qhntr rbdm_qhnr
vgdm _ bg_mfd hr l_cd sn sgd rxrsdl- Sgd bg_mfd bntkc ad _m tofq_cd+ g_qcv_qd bg_mfd+
o_q_ldsdq bg_mfd+ dw_c_s_ lhfq_shnm+ dsb- Sgd vnqjkn_c hr b_ostqdc eqnl sgd oqnctbshnm
’rntqbd( rxrsdl _mc ok_xdc hm sgd s_qfds rxrsdl sn _m_kxyd sgd hlo_bs-
RPK stmhmf hr _m hlonqs_ms bnlonmdms sn gdko jddo sgd c_s_a_rd odqenqlhmf _s hsr adrs- ?
edv a_c RPK bncdr bntkc aqhmf sgd c_s_a_rd sn hsr jmddr- Nq_bkd cdodmcr nm noshlhydq rs_shr,
shbr sn mc sgd adrs dwdbtshnm ok_m enq sgd RPK bncd- Sgd RPK ?cuhrnqr fn _ rsdo etqsgdq _mc
odqenql cddo _m_kxrhr ne sgd RPK rs_sdldmsr sn qdbnlldmc _ksdqm_shud dwdbtshnm ok_mr _mc
_cchshnm_k hmcdwdr- Kds&r aqhdx dwoknqd sgd RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq _mc RPK ?bbdrr ?cuhrnq hm
sgd mdws rdbshnmr-
Eqnl sgd Sno ?bshuhsx o_fd+ bkhbj nm sgd RPK HC sn uhdv lnqd hmenql_shnm nm sgd
RPK rs_sdldms+ _mc hm sgd ?bshnmr cqno,cnvm ldmt+ bgnnrd RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq sn
stmd sgd RPK rs_sdldms- Ehftqd 03-12 rgnvr _m dw_lokd _m_kxrhr _mc qdbnlldmc_shnmr
eqnl sgd Stmhmf ?cuhrnq-
Hm Ehftqd 03-12+ xnt b_m rdd sgqdd qdbnlldmc_shnmr- Sgd qrs nmd hr sn f_sgdq noshlhydq
rs_shrshbr enq sgd noshlhydq sn athkc _ adssdq ok_m- Sgd rdbnmc qdbnlldmc_shnm hr sn bqd_sd _
RPK oqnkd- Sgd Stmhmf ?cuhrnq _krn dwok_hmr sgd admdsr ne d_bg qdbnlldmc_shnm+ rn xnt
b_m cdsdqlhmd he sgd qdbnlldmc_shnm hr vnqsg hlokdldmshmf- Enq l_mx qdbnlldmc_shnmr+
Stmhmf ?cuhrnq _krn oqnuhcdr sgd ok_m bnlo_qhrnm- Sgd sghqc qdbnlldmc_shnm xnt rdd hr
sn qdrsqtbstqd sgd RPK rs_sdldms+ adb_trd sgdqd hr _ B_qsdrh_m inhm- Eqnl _ oq_bshb_k rs_mc,
onhms+ qdrsqtbstqhmf RPK sn w sgd lhrrhmf inhm bnmchshnm _mc bnkkdbshmf noshlhydq rs_shrshbr
vntkc ad sgd adrs v_x sn rnkud sghr RPK odqenql_mbd hrrtd-
_bshnmr…he xnt bnmftqdc rtbg _bshnmr- Ax cde_tks+ sgd _kdqs mnshb_shnmr _qd rdms sn _ oqd,
cdmdc odqrhrsdms ptdtd m_ldc KDQS^PTD nvmdc ax RXR- DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk qd_cr sghr ptdtd-
Sgdqd _qd svn sxodr ne rdqudq,fdmdq_sdc _kdqsr9 sgqdrgnkc a_rdc _mc dudms a_rdc- Sgqdrgnkc
_kdqsr _qd sqhffdqdc vgdm _ rodbhdc sgqdrgnkc hr lds+ rtbg _r vgdm _ s_akdro_bd g_r qd_bgdc
_ bdqs_hm b_o_bhsx- Sgqdrgnkc _kdqsr b_m ad qdc _s _ v_qmhmf kdudk ’enq dw_lokd+ 74 odqbdms
s_akdro_bd b_o_bhsx( nq _s _ bqhshb_k kdudk ’enq dw_lokd+ 86 odqbdms s_akdro_bd b_o_bhsx(- Dudms
_kdqsr _qd sqhffdqdc vgdm _ rodbhdc dudms nbbtqr+ rtbg _r _ c_s_a_rd dqqnq-
Sgqdrgnkc _kdqsr _qd vqhssdm sn CA ^NTSRS MCHMF^ KDQSR- Mnmsgqdrgnkc _kdqsr _qd vqhssdm
nmkx sn CA ^ KDQS^GHRSNQX- Dmsqhdr eqnl CA ^NTSRS MCHMF^ KDQSR _qd bkd_qdc vgdm sgd _kdqs
bnmchshnm hr bkd_qdc- Sgd enkknvhmf hr _ ptdqx eqnl sgd CA ^NTSRS MCHMF^ KDQSR uhdv9
Sgd U#LDSQHB uhdv rgnvr rxrsdl,kdudk ldsqhb u_ktdr- Ldsqhb ghrsnqx hr r_udc hm sgd
U#LDSQHB^GHRSNQX uhdv-
Rn e_q+ xnt g_ud rddm rdudq_k snnkr sg_s gdko CA?r oqn_bshudkx lnmhsnq sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgdx
b_mmns onrrhakx hcdmshex _kk sgd onsdmsh_k hrrtdr _mc gnv sn oqn_bshudkx _unhc sgdl- Dqqnqr _mc
c_s_a_rd bnqqtoshnmr cn g_oodm- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b g_r _ qdonqshmf ldbg_mhrl sn _m_kxyd
sgd oqnakdl qd_bshudkx _mc s_jd ld_rtqdr sn _unhc hrrtdr hm sgd etstqd- Xnt&kk kd_qm _ants sgd
?tsnl_shb Ch_fmnrshb Qdonrhsnqx hm sgd mdws rdbshnm-
CH FMNRSHB^CDRS.chZf CH FMNRSHB^CDRS.chZf
qcalr smrkrmq
;ca^mZld= ;lZbghmd^mZld=
;hmrsZmbd^mZld= ;khrsdmdq^mZld=
Zkdqs Zkdqs
7 1 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
bctlo bctlo
gl hmbhcdms
hmbhcdms hmbojf
hmbojf kbj
hq ldsZcZsZ
kbj rsZfd
ldsZcZsZ rvddo
rsZfd sqZbd
rvddo
sqZbd
Hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ _m _kdqs knf kd hr vqhssdm hm WLK enql_s _r vdkk _r hm sdws
enql_s- Sgd WLK,enql_s kd hr tmcdq sgd Zkdqs chqdbsnqx+ vgdqd_r sgd sdws,enql_s kd hr
tmcdq sgd sqZbd chqdbsnqx- Sgd u_ktdr enq ^CTLO^CDRS o_q_ldsdqr _qd hfmnqdc ax Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rdr- Sgd mdv uhdv U#CH F^HMEN fhudr kd knb_shnmr9
M LD
U KTD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
ChZf DmZakdc
SQTD
CQ AZrd
.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd
CQ Gnld
.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.nbZca0.nbZca0
ChZf SqZbd
.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.nbZca0.nbZca0.sqZbd
ChZf kdqs
.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.nbZca0.nbZca0.Zkdqs
ChZf Hmbhcdms
.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.nbZca0.nbZca0.hmbhcdms
ChZf Bctlo
.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.nbZca0.nbZca0.bctlo
GdZksg Lnmhsnq
.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.nbZca0.nbZca0.gl
CdeZtks SqZbd Ehkd
.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.nbZca0.nbZca0.sqZbd.nbZca0^nqZ^03774-sqb
bshud Oqnakdl Bntms
/
bshud Hmbhcdms Bntms
/
7 3 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
RGNV KDQS
RGNV A RD
RGNV BNMSQNK
RGNV GL^QTM
RGNV GNLDR { GNLD { GNLDO SG
RGNV HMBCHQ
RGNV HMBHCDMS
RGNV KNF
RGNV OQNAKDL
RGNV QDONQS
RGNV SQ BDEHKD
RONNK
Sn mc nts sgd otqonrd _mc fds cds_hkdc rxms_w hmenql_shnm nm _ rodbhb bnll_mc+ cn
gdko ;bnllZmc=9
Noshnmr9
@,o ;oqdchbZsd^rsqhmf=\9 Sgd oqdchbZsd rsqhmf ltrs ad cntakd,ptnsdc-
Sgd ehdkcr hm sgd oqdchbZsd Zqd sgd ehdkcr9
NQHFHM SHMF^SHLDRS LO shldrsZlo
MNQL KHYDC^SHLDRS LO shldrsZlo
NQF MHY SHNM^HC sdws&54(
BNLONMDMS^HC sdws&54(
GNRS^HC sdws&54(
GNRS^ CCQDRR sdws&06(
LDRR FD^SXOD mtladq
LDRR FD^KDUDK mtladq
LDRR FD^HC sdws&54(
LDRR FD^FQNTO sdws&54(
BKHDMS^HC sdws&54(
LNCTKD^HC sdws&54(
OQNBDRR^HC sdws&22(
7 5 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
Hm _cchshnm sn uhdvhmf sgd _kdqs knf bnmsdms _mc dqqnqr+ sgdqd hr _m noshnm sn otqfd nq
_qbghud sgd _kdqs knf-
Hm sgd mdws rdbshnm+ xnt vhkk kd_qm sgd snnkr _u_hk_akd sn lnmhsnq sgd odqenql_mbd ne sgd
c_s_a_rd-
L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
?ksgntfg ?VQ+ ?CCL+ _cuhrnqr+ _mc ?CQ _kk gdko xnt oqn_bshudkx lnmhsnq _mc l_m_fd
xntq c_s_a_rdr+ xnt b_m trd _cchshnm_k odqenql_mbd,rodbhb ed_stqdr ne DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk
sn etqsgdq dmg_mbd sgd odqenql_mbd ne xntq c_s_a_rd- Vgdm sghmjhmf _ants stmhmf+ xnt
rgntkc bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf _qd_r9
Ldlnqx,_kknb_shnm hrrtdr
H.N bnmsdmshnm ’chrj.R?M bnmehftq_shnm(
BOT bnmsdmshnm
Mdsvnqj hrrtdr
RPK oqnakdlr ’a_c RPK+ noshlhydq ok_mr(
Rdudq_k chbshnm_qx _mc cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdvr _qd _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
sg_s gdko xnt stmd _mc f_sgdq rxrsdl hmenql_shnm- Vgdm hs bnldr sn stmhmf+ l_m_fhmf sgd
L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd 7 6
hmrs_mbd ldlnqx hr udqx hlonqs_ms- Gnv ltbg ldlnqx rgntkc xnt _kknb_sd enq _kk sgd u_qh,
ntr RF? bnlonmdmsr> Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ xnt vhkk kd_qm gnv Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
b_m gdko xnt s_jd sgd ftdrrvnqj nts ne c_s_a_rd _clhmhrsq_shnm _mc stmd sgd c_s_a_rd-
RPK= ADFHM
CALR^LNMHSNQ-RDRRHNM^SQ BD^DM AKD&rdrrhnm^hc<=213+
7 7 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
rdqhZk^mtl<=43274+
vZhsr<=SQTD+
ahmcr<=SQTD(:
DMC:
Sn rsno sq_bhmf+ xnt g_ud sn o_rr hm sgd RHC _mc RDQH K" _r o_q_ldsdqr9
RPK= ADFHM
CALR^LNMHSNQ-RDRRHNM^SQ BD^CHR AKD&rdrrhnm^hc<=213+
rdqhZk^mtl<=43274(:
DMC:
Xnt b_m _krn trd DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk sn dm_akd _mc chr_akd sq_bd- Sn rdd sgd rdrrhnmr hm
sgd hmrs_mbd+ xnt b_m bgnnrd _mx ne sgd enkknvhmf khmjr tmcdq sgd ?cchshnm_k Lnmhsnqhmf
Khmjr nm sgd Odqenql_mbd s_a hm C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk ’rdd Ehftqd 03-18(9
Sno Bnmrtldqr
Hmrs_mbd Knbjr
Hmrs_mbd ?bshuhsx
Vgdm xnt bkhbj sgd Sno Bnmrtldqr khmj+ xnt vhkk fds _m nudquhdv ne sgd bnmrtldqr-
Bkhbj sgd Sno Rdrrhnmr khmj sn uhdv sgd rdrrhnmr hm sgd hmrs_mbd- Sgd rdrrhnm b_m ad rd_qbgdc
ax rodbhexhmf ksdq bqhsdqh_ trhmf sgd Rd_qbg Rdrrhnmr ldmt tmcdq sgd Odqenql_mbd s_a- Xnt
b_m _krn uhdv sgd Aknbjhmf Rdrrhnmr ldmt tmcdq sgd Odqenql_mbd s_a+ vgdqd xnt g_ud sgd
noshnm sn sq_bd _r vdkk- Xnt b_m trd sgd Dm_akd RPK Sq_bd _mc Chr_akd RPK Sq_bd atssnmr
nm sgdrd rbqddmr sn dm_akd _mc chr_akd sq_bhmf-
Rdrrhnm sq_bd kdr _qd vqhssdm sn sgd sq_bd chqdbsnqx tmcdq sgd ?CQ gnld rbqddm-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b oqnuhcdr ltkshokd snnkr sn _m_kxyd sq_bd kdr- Sgd rs_mc_qc snnk sn
bnmudqs sgd sq_bd kd sn _ qd_c_akd enql_s hr jmnvm _r sjoqne- Hs vnqjr nm _ rhmfkd kd+
_mc oqnuhcdr sgd RPK rs_sdldmsr+ dwdbtshnm _mc dk_ordc shldr+ _r vdkk _r dwok_hmr sgd
ok_m- Nq_bkd Rtoonqs _krn oqnuhcdr sgd Sq_bd ?m_kxydq snnk enq cnvmkn_c+ vghbg oqn,
ctbdr GSLK ntsots _mc hr kkdc vhsg _ kns ne trdetk hmenql_shnm-
Dmc,sn,dmc _ookhb_shnm sq_bhmf _mc _m_kxrhr ne ltkshokd sq_bd kdr _qd l_cd onrrhakd vhsg
sqbrdrr tshkhsx- Hs bnmrnkhc_sdr sq_bd ntsots eqnl rdkdbsdc sq_bd kdr a_rdc nm bqhsdqh_ rtbg _r
Rdrrhnm HC+ Bkhdms HC+ Rdquhbd m_ld+ ?bshnm m_ld+ _mc Lnctkd m_ld- ?esdq sqbrdrr ldqfdr
sgd sq_bd hmenql_shnm hmsn _ rhmfkd ntsots kd+ sgd ntsots kd b_m ad oqnbdrrdc ax sjoqne nq
Sq_bd ?m_kxydq-
70 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
M_ld Cdrbqhoshnm
U#O Q LDSDQ Rgnvr sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm,o_q_ldsdq u_ktdr sg_s _qd btqqdmskx hm deedbs-
U#ROO Q LDSDQ Rgnvr sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgd rdqudq o_q_ldsdq ehkd ’roehkd(: knnj enq
u_ktd SQTD hm bnktlm HRRODBHEHDC sn rdd he sgd o_q_ldsdq v_r
dwokhbhskx rodbhehdc hm sgd roehkd+ _r noonrdc sn cde_tks u_ktdr-
U#EHKDRS S Rgnvr mtladq ne qd_cr.vqhsdr _mc shlhmf rs_shrshbr enq c_s_ ehkdr-
Hm fdmdq_k+ ptdqhdr sg_s hmbnqonq_sd U#RXRRS S rgnv rs_shrshbr enq sgd dmshqd hmrs_mbd
rhmbd sgd shld hs v_r rs_qsdc- Ax inhmhmf sghr uhdv sn sgd nsgdq qdkdu_ms uhdvr+ xnt fds sgd
nudq_kk ohbstqd ne odqenql_mbd hm sgd c_s_a_rd- ?ksdqm_shudkx+ ptdqhdr sg_s hmbnqonq_sd
U#RDRRS S rgnv rs_shrshbr enq _ o_qshbtk_q rdrrhnm- Sgdrd ptdqhdr _qd adssdq rthsdc enq
dw_lhmhmf sgd odqenql_mbd ne _m hmchuhct_k nodq_shnm nq oqnbdrr- DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk
l_jdr dwsdmrhud trd ne sgdrd uhdvr vgdm bqd_shmf odqenql_mbd,qdk_sdc fq_ogr-
M_ld Cdrbqhoshnm
Stmhmf Ldlnqx
Hm Bg_osdq 7+ xnt kd_qmdc _ants sgd _qbghsdbstqd ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- ?m Nq_bkd hmrs_mbd
bnmrhrsr ne ldlnqx rsqtbstqdr _mc a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr- Sgd ldlnqx rsqtbstqd bnloqhrdr
RF? _mc OF?+ _mc hs hr hlonqs_ms sn rhyd sgd RF? _mc OF? _ooqnoqh_sdkx enq adssdq c_s_a_rd
odqenql_mbd-
Enqstm_sdkx+ Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b oqnuhcdr _ u_qhdsx ne _tsnl_shb noshnmr sn stmd ldlnqx
rn sg_s CA?r cnm&s mddc sn vnqqx _ants stmhmf sgd hmchuhct_k ldlnqx bnlonmdmsr rtbg
_r sgd I_u_ onnk _mc sgd rg_qdc onnk- Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ xnt vhkk qduhrhs sgd ldlnqx
bnlonmdmsr _mc kd_qm sgd noshnmr _u_hk_akd sn stmd _mc l_m_fd-
Ldlnqx Bnlonmdmsr
Sgd svn oqhl_qx ldlnqx bnlonmdmsr _qd RF? _mc OF?- RF? bnmrhrsr ne sgd enkknvhmf
bnlonmdmsr- Sgd o_q_ldsdqr sg_s bnmsqnk sgdrd onnkr _qd _krn oqnuhcdc enq xntq qdedqdmbd-
Rg_qdc onnk9 RG QDC^ONNK^RHYD
C_s_a_rd ateedq b_bgd9 CA^B BGD^RHYD
K_qfd onnk9 K QFD^ONNK^RHYD
I_u_ onnk9 I U ^ONNK^RHYD
Rsqd_lr onnk9 RSQD LR^ONNK^RHYD
Knf ateedq9 KNF^ATEEDQ
Qdrtks B_bgd9 QDRTKS^B BGD^RHYD
C_s_a_rd jddo ateedq b_bgd9 CA^JDDO^B BGD^RHYD
C_s_a_rd qdbxbkd ateedq b_bgd9 CA^QDBXBKD^B BGD^RHYD
Ateedq b_bgd enq mnmrs_mc_qc aknbj rhyd9 CA^mJ^B BGD^RHYD
Tmhehdc _tchshmf ptdtd rhyd9 TMHEHDC^ TCHS^RF ^PTDTD^RHYD
Sgd o_q_ldsdqr sg_s b_m ad bnmftqdc sn l_m_fd sgd OF? _qd _r enkknvr9
RNQS^ QD ^RHYD
G RG^ QD ^RHYD
AHSL O^LDQFD^ QD ^RHYD
BQD SD^AHSL O^ QD ^RHYD
?r xnt b_m rdd eqnl sgd oqduhntr bnlonmdmsr _mc o_q_ldsdqr+ bnqqdbskx rhyhmf sgdrd
onnkr _mc ldlnqx o_q_ldsdqr b_m adbnld bnlokhb_sdc- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b s_jdr sgd
o_hm _v_x eqnl CA?r ax oqnuhchmf sgdrd _tsnl_shb ldlnqx,stmhmf noshnmr9
?tsnl_shb RF? stmhmf trhmf RF ^S QFDS
?tsnl_shb OF? stmhmf trhmf OF ^ FFQDF SD^S QFDS
?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx stmhmf ’OF? _mc RF?( trhmf LDLNQX^S QFDS
705 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
Xnt b_m _citrs sgd LDLNQX^S QFDS o_q_ldsdq rhyd _esdq qduhdvhmf sgd _cuhrnq uhdv
U#LDLNQX^S QFDS^ CUHBD9
He xnt v_ms sn jmnv sgd rhyd ne _kk sgd ?LL ldlnqx bnlonmdmsr+ xnt b_m ptdqx sgd
U#LDLNQX^CXM LHB^BNLONMDMSR uhdv9
Rtll_qx
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b oqnuhcdr l_mx snnkr enq oqn_bshudkx hcdmshexhmf _mc whmf onsdmsh_k
odqenql_mbd _mc l_m_fdldms oqnakdlr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Hm sghr bg_osdq+ xnt kd_qmdc _ants
snnkr rtbg _r ?VQ+ ?CCL+ ?CQ+ ?LL+ _mc ?RLL-
?s sgd bnqd ne sgd lnmhsnqhmf rxrsdl hr sgd ?tsnl_shb Vnqjkn_c Qdonrhsnqx ’?VQ(+
vghbg trdr sgd LLNM a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrr sn f_sgdq rs_shrshbr eqnl sgd RF? _mc rsnqd
sgdl hm _ bnkkdbshnm ne s_akdr nvmdc ax sgd trdq RXR-
Enkknvhmf d_bg ?VQ rs_shrshbr,bnkkdbshnm hmsdqu_k+ sgd ?tsnl_shb C_s_a_rd Ch_fmnrshb
Lnmhsnqhmf ’?CCL( ed_stqd dw_lhmdr sgd mdvkx f_sgdqdc rs_shrshbr _mc bnlo_qdr sgdl sn
oqduhntr ?VQ rs_shrshbr sn drs_akhrg a_rdkhmdr hm _m _ssdlos sn hcdmshex onnqkx odqenqlhmf
bnlonmdmsr ne sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd ?CCL sgdm rtll_qhydr sgdrd mchmfr nm sgd DL Bkntc
Bnmsqnk l_hm rbqddm _mc Odqenql_mbd s_a- Trhmf sgdrd rbqddmr+ xnt b_m hcdmshex _mc dw_lhmd
sgd RPK rs_sdldmsr sg_s _qd bnmsqhatshmf sgd lnrs sn CA Shld- Xnt b_m etqsgdq dwoknqd sgd
noonqstmhshdr enq hloqnuhmf sgd odqenql_mbd nq l_m_fd_ahkhsx ne xntq c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd
DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk _cuhrnqr+ vghbg hmbktcd sgd RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq+ RPK ?bbdrr ?cuhrnq+
Ldlnqx ?cuhrnq+ Ld_m Shld Sn Qdbnudq ?cuhrnq+ Rdfldms ?cuhrnq+ Tmcn L_m_fdldms
?cuhrnq+ _mc rn nm-
Hm _cchshnm sn _kdqsr+ xnt b_m mc hmchb_snqr ne c_s_a_rd odqenql_mbd hm sgd c_s_a_rd
_kdqs knf+ trdq _mc a_bjfqntmc sq_bd kdr+ c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdvr+ _mc cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd
uhdvr- Rnld c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdvr cn mns bnms_hm _bbtq_sd hmenql_shnm _ants sgd rdfldmsr
71 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
hm sgd c_s_a_rd tmshk _esdq noshlhydq rs_shrshbr _qd bnkkdbsdc nm sgnrd naidbsr- Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b g_r _tsnl_sdc s_rjr sn l_m_fd noshlhydq rs_sr+ sn _m_kxyd RPK rs_sdldmsr
enq odqenql_mbd hloqnudldms+ _mc sn knnj enq v_xr sn qdbk_hl tmtrdc ro_bd hm naidbsr-
Ldlnqx stmhmf hr rhlokhdc hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b trhmf ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx
L_m_fdldms- ?LL hr bnmftqdc trhmf sgd LDLNQX^S QFDS o_q_ldsdq- He nsgdq ldlnqx
o_q_ldsdqr _qd rodbhdc+ sgdx vhkk ad bnmrhcdqdc _r sgd lhmhltl enq sgnrd bnlonmdmsr-
He xnt cn mns v_ms sn bnlokdsdkx _tsnl_sd ldlnqx+ sgd mdws kdudk hr sn _tsnl_sd rg_qdc
Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms trhmf sgd RF ^S QFDS o_q_ldsdq-
DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk rtll_qhydr rdudq_k hlonqs_ms odqenql_mbd ldsqhbr nm sgd DL
Bkntc Bnmsqnk Odqenql_mbd gnld rbqddm- Sgdrd ldsqhbr hmbktcd odqenql_mbd rs_shrshbr enq
sgd gnrs rdqudq+ trdq rdrrhnmr+ _mc hmrs_mbd sgqntfgots-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd :tsnl_shb Vnqjkn_c Qdonrhsnqx- Cdrbqhad sgd bnlonmdmsr ne sgd ?VQ
_mc gnv sgdx _qd trdc sn bnkkdbs _mc rsnqd c_s_a_rd odqenql_mbd rs_shrshbr- Tmcdqrs_mc sgd
rdbshnmr ne sgd ?VQ qdonqs-
Cdrbqhad sgd qnkd ne :tsnl_shb C_s_a_rd Ch_fmnrshb Lnmhsnq- Jmnv gnv ?CCL trdr sgd
?VQ rs_shrshbr sn enqltk_sd stmhmf qdbnlldmc_shnmr trhmf ghrsnqhb_k _mc a_rdkhmd ldsqhbr-
Dwok_hm gnv d_bg _cuhrnq hr trdc sn hloqnud odqenql_mbd- Cdrbqhad gnv xnt b_m trd
d_bg ne sgd DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk _cuhrnqr rgnvm nm sgd ?cuhrnq Bdmsq_k rbqddm sn hloqnud
c_s_a_rd odqenql_mbd _mc l_m_fd_ahkhsx-
Cdrbqhad gnv _kdqsr _qd trdc sn lnmhsnq odqenql_mbd- Rgnv gnv xnt b_m bnmftqd sgd
DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk _kdqs rxrsdl sn _kdqs xnt uh_ sgd bnmrnkd nq uh_ dl_hk vgdmdudq _ lnmh,
snqdc dudms nbbtqr hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Qdldladq sgd knb_shnm ne sgd _kdqs knf ehkd- Sgd _kdqs knf kd knb_shnm hr cdsdqlhmdc ax
sgd CH FMNRSHB^CDRS o_q_ldsdq- Kd_qm sgd knb_shnm ne sgd sdws _kdqs knf kd _mc WLK
_kdqs knf kd-
Jmnv gnv sn l_m_fd sgd _tsnl_sdc s_rjr- Jmnv sgd _tsnl_sdc s_rjr ne Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b+ _mc gnv sn dm_akd _mc chr_akd sgnrd s_rjr- Kd_qm sgd u_qhntr noshnmr sn
bnkkdbs noshlhydq rs_shrshbr-
Tmcdqrs_mc :tsnl_shb Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms- Jmnv sgd o_q_ldsdqr sg_s bnmsqnk sgd
ldlnqx l_m_fdldms _mc gnv sgd onnkr _qd _kknb_sdc-
Kd_qm sn bnmehftqd :tsnl_shb Rg_qdc Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms- Jmnv sgd o_q_ldsdqr sg_s
bnmsqnk Rg_qdc Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms _mc gnv sgd onnkr _qd _kknb_sdc- Kd_qm gnv sn oqnuhcd
lhmhltl u_ktdr enq d_bg onnk vgdm ?RLL hr trdc-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd rntqbdr ne stmhmf hmenql_shnm- Jmnv hm vghbg cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd
uhdvr+ c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdvr+ _mc knf kdr+ stmhmf hmenql_shnm b_m ad entmc ntsrhcd sgd
DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk lnmhsnqhmf rxrsdl-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 710
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf bnlonmdmsr ne sgd Nq_bkd _qbghsdbstqd rsnqdr sgd rs_shrshbr
f_sgdqdc ax sgd LLNM oqnbdrr>
?- ?CCL
A- ?VQ
B- ?RLL
C- ?CQ
1- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf noshnmr enq sgd oehkd.roehkd&r RS SHRSHBR^KDUDK o_q_ldsdq stqmr
nee ?VQ rs_shrshbr f_sgdqhmf _mc ?CCL _cuhrnqx rdquhbdr>
?- NEE
A- SXOHB K
B- KK
C- A RHB
4- Rtoonrd xnt g_ud trdc DL C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk sn cqhkk cnvm hmsn ?CCL ehmchmfr _mc
g_ud entmc sg_s _ rhmfkd RPK rs_sdldms hr b_trhmf sgd l_inqhsx ne sgd H.N nm xntq rxrsdl-
Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf _cuhrnqr hr adrs rthsdc sn sqntakdrgnns sghr RPK rs_sdldms>
?- RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq
A- RPK ?bbdrr ?cuhrnq
B- Ansg ? _mc A
C- Mdhsgdq ? mnq A
711 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
6- Vghbg oqnbdctqd hr trdc sn sdkk Nq_bkd sg_s sgd rs_shrshbr f_sgdqdc rgntkc mns ad
otakhrgdc>
?- CALR^RS SR-OTAKHRG^RS SR
A- CALR^RS SR-RDS^S AKD^OQDER
B- CALR^RS SR-ODMCHMF^RS SR
C- CALR^RS SR-F SGDQ^S AKD^RS SR
7- Vghbg c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdv bnms_hmr hmenql_shnm dwok_hmhmf vgx ?CCL l_cd hsr
qdbnlldmc_shnmr>
?- CA ^ CUHRNQ^EHMCHMFR
A- CA ^ CUHRNQ^NAIDBSR
B- CA ^ CUHRNQ^QDBNLLDMC SHNMR
C- CA ^ CUHRNQ^Q SHNM KD
8- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf _cuhrnqr cdsdqlhmdr he sgd ro_bd _kknb_sdc sn sgd rg_qdc onnk+
k_qfd onnk+ nq ateedq b_bgd hr _cdpt_sd>
?- RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq
A- RF? Stmhmf ?cuhrnq
B- Ldlnqx ?cuhrnq
C- Onnk ?cuhrnq
0/- Vghbg hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq b_m chr_akd ldlnqx _cuhrnqr _mc ?tsnl_shb Rg_qdc
Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms> ’Bgnnrd sgd adrs _mrvdq-(
?- BNMSQNK^L M FDLDMS^O BJ^ BBDRR
A- RS SHRSHBR^KDUDK
B- LDLNQX^S QFDS
C- Ldlnqx _cuhrnqr b_mmns ad chr_akdc-
01- Vgdm xnt bnmehftqd _m _kdqs+ vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf sxodr ne _kdqs sgqdrgnkcr b_m xnt
trd sn lnmhsnq _ s_akdro_bd enq chlhmhrghmf eqdd ro_bd>
?- V_qmhmf sgqdrgnkc
A- Bqhshb_k sgqdrgnkc
B- Ansg ? _mc A
C- Mdhsgdq ? mnq A
02- Ltkshokd a_rdkhmd ldsqhbr b_m ad f_sgdqdc _mc rsnqdc hm sgd ?VQ- Vgx lhfgs xnt
v_ms lnqd sg_m nmd ldsqhbr a_rdkhmd>
?- Xnt lhfgs v_ms _ rdo_q_sd a_rdkhmd ldsqhb enq d_bg trdq-
A- Xnt lhfgs v_ms _ rdo_q_sd a_rdkhmd ldsqhb enq c_xshld tr_fd udqrtr nee,gntqr tr_fd-
B- Xnt lhfgs v_ms _ rdo_q_sd a_rdkhmd ldsqhb enq d_bg rbgdl_-
C- Xnt vntkc mdudq v_ms lnqd sg_m nmd a_rdkhmd ldsqhb+ dudm sgntfg hs hr onrrhakd sn
f_sgdq _mc rsnqd sgdl-
04- Vghbg rs_sdldms _ants sgd LDLNQX^S QFDS o_q_ldsdq hr mns sqtd>
?- Hs hr _ cxm_lhb hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq-
A- Hs qdoqdrdmsr sgd sns_k l_whltl ldlnqx sg_s b_m ad _kknb_sdc sn sgd hmrs_mbd
ldlnqx ’OF? _mc RF? bnlahmdc(-
B- Hsr cde_tks u_ktd hr ydqn-
C- Xnt vhkk mns fds _m dqqnq vgdm RF ^S QFDS _mc OF ^ FFQDF SD^S QFDS o_q_l,
dsdqr _qd rds sn mnmydqn u_ktdr-
05- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hr _ odqenql_mbd ldsqhb sg_s bntkc ad cdehmdc _r 'sgd _lntms
ne vnqj sg_s _ rxrsdl b_m odqenql hm _ fhudm _lntms ne shld–>
?- Qdronmrd shld
A- Toshld
B- Sgqntfgots
C- Qtmshld
713 Bg_osdq 03 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd
07- Ax cde_tks+ gnv knmf vhkk c_s_a_rd rs_shrshbr ad qds_hmdc hm sgd ?VQ>
?- 7 c_xr
A- 2/ c_xr
B- 6 gntqr
C- Hmcdehmhsdkx
08- Xntq trdqr g_ud b_kkdc sn bnlok_hm sg_s rxrsdl odqenql_mbd g_r rtccdmkx cdbqd_rdc
l_qjdckx- Vghbg hr sgd lnrs khjdkx ok_bd sn knnj enq sgd b_trd ne sgd oqnakdl hm DL
C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk>
?- Sgd L_hm rbqddm
A- Sgd Odqenql_mbd s_a
B- Sgd ?clhmhrsq_shnm s_a
C- Sgd L_hmsdm_mbd s_a
1/- Trhmf DL C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk+ xnt&ud hcdmshehdc sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldms _r sgd
rntqbd ne _ kns ne chrj H.N9
04
Zmc–Qdbnudqx
Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnm+ xnt vhkk fds _m nudquhdv ne sgd bnmsqnk kd _qbghsdbstqd- Xnt vhkk
sgdm kd_qm gnv sn l_whlhyd sgd qdbnudq_ahkhsx ne sgd bnmsqnk kd hm sgd rdbshnm 'Ltkshokdwhmf
Bnmsqnk Ehkdr-–
Ax rsnqhmf sgd bnmsqnk kd nm ltkshokd chrjr+ xnt _unhc sgd qhrj ne _ rhmfkd onhms ne e_hktqd-
Vgdm ltkshokdwhmf bnmsqnk kdr+ toc_sdr sn sgd bnmsqnk kd b_m s_jd _ khsskd knmfdq+ ats sg_s hr
hmrhfmhb_ms vgdm vdhfgdc _f_hmrs sgd admdsr- He xnt knrd nmd bnmsqnk kd+ xnt b_m qdrs_qs
sgd c_s_a_rd _esdq bnoxhmf nmd ne sgd nsgdq bnmsqnk kdr nq _esdq bg_mfhmf sgd BNMSQNK^EHKDR
o_q_ldsdq hm sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm kd-
Vgdm ltkshokdwhmf bnmsqnk kdr+ Nq_bkd toc_sdr _kk sgd bnmsqnk kdr _s sgd r_ld shld ats
trdr nmkx sgd qrs bnmsqnk kd khrsdc hm sgd BNMSQNK^EHKDR o_q_ldsdq enq qd_chmf-
Vgdm bqd_shmf _ c_s_a_rd+ xnt b_m khrs sgd bnmsqnk kdm_ldr hm sgd BNMSQNK^EHKDR
o_q_ldsdq+ _mc Nq_bkd bqd_sdr _r l_mx bnmsqnk kdr _r _qd khrsdc- Xnt b_m g_ud _ l_whltl
ne dhfgs ltkshokdwdc bnmsqnk kd bnohdr-
He xnt mddc sn _cc lnqd bnmsqnk kd bnohdr+ enkknv sgdrd rsdor9
0- Rgts cnvm sgd c_s_a_rd-
# bo .t/1.nqZcZsZ.nqc.bnmsqnk/0-bsk .t/4.nqZcZsZ.nqc.bnmsqnk/3-bsk
2- Bg_mfd sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm,o_q_ldsdq ehkd sn hmbktcd sgd mdv bnmsqnk ehkdm_ld’r( hm sgd
o_q_ldsdq BNMSQNK^EHKDR ax bg_mfhmf sghr9
BNMSQNK^EHKDR<&£.t/1.nqZcZsZ.nqc.bnmsqnk/0-bsk£+
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sn sghr9
BNMSQNK^EHKDR<&£.t/1.nqZcZsZ.nqc.bnmsqnk/0-bsk£+
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RPK= RS QSTO
725 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
Xnt b_m bqd_sd ltkshokd bnohdr ne sgd nmkhmd qdcn knf kdr vgdm xnt bqd_sd sgd c_s_a_rd- Enq
dw_lokd+ sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms bqd_sdr svn qdcn knf,kd fqntor vhsg svn ldladqr hm d_bg9
BQD SD C S A RD !LXCA/0!
– – –
KNFEHKD
FQNTO 0 &£.nqZ/1.nqZcZsZ.LXCA/0.qdcn/0/0-knf£+
£.nqZ/2.nqZcZsZ.LXCA/0.qdcn/0/1-knf£( RHYD 4//L+
FQNTO 1 &£.nqZ/1.nqZcZsZ.LXCA/0.qdcn/1/0-knf£+
£.nqZ/2.nqZcZsZ.LXCA/0.qdcn/1/1-knf£( RHYD 4//L:
Sgd l_whltl mtladq ne knf,kd fqntor hr rodbhdc hm sgd bk_trd L WKNFEHKDR+ _mc sgd
l_whltl mtladq ne ldladqr hr rodbhdc hm sgd bk_trd L WKNFLDLADQR- Xnt b_m rdo_q_sd
sgd kdm_ldr ’ldladqr( ax trhmf _ ro_bd nq _ bnll_-
Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ xnt vhkk kd_qm gnv sn bqd_sd _ mdv qdcn knf fqnto+ _cc _ mdv
ldladq sn _m dwhrshmf fqnto+ qdm_ld _ ldladq+ _mc cqno _ ldladq eqnl _m dwhrshmf fqnto-
Hm _cchshnm+ vd&kk rgnv xnt gnv sn cqno _ fqnto _mc bkd_q _kk ldladqr ne _ fqnto hm bdqs_hm
bhqbtlrs_mbdr-
Hm sgd b_rd ne qdcn knf fqntor+ hs%r adrs sn ad fdmdqntr vhsg sgd mtladq ne fqntor _mc sgd
mtladq ne ldladqr enq d_bg fqnto- ?esdq drshl_shmf sgd mtladq ne fqntor sg_s vntkc
ad _ooqnoqh_sd enq xntq hmrs_kk_shnm+ _cc nmd lnqd- Sgd rkhfgs _cchshnm_k vnqj hmunkudc hm
l_hms_hmhmf dhsgdq _cchshnm_k nq k_qfdq qdcn knfr hr rl_kk hm qdk_shnm sn sgd shld mddcdc sn
“w _ oqnakdl vgdm sgd mtladq ne trdqr _mc bnmbtqqdms _bshud sq_mr_bshnmr hmbqd_rd-
Sgd ro_bd mddcdc enq _cchshnm_k knf,“kd fqntor hr lhmhl_k _mc hr vdkk vnqsg sgd deenqs to
eqnms sn _unhc sgd tmcdrhq_akd rhst_shnm hm vghbg vqhsdr sn sgd qdcn knf “kd _qd v_hshmf nm
sgd bnlokdshnm ne vqhsdr sn sgd c_s_a_rd “kdr nq sgd _qbghudc knf “kd cdrshm_shnm-
KSDQ C S A RD CC KNFEHKD
FQNTO 2 &£.nqZ/1.nqZcZsZ.LXCA/0.qdcn/2/0-knf£+
£.nqZ/2.nqZcZsZ.LXCA/0.qdcn/2/1-knf£( RHYD 0//L:
727 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
mdv ’s_qfds( nmkhmd qdcn kd rgntkc dwhrs- Sgd RPK bnll_mcr hm Nq_bkd bg_mfd nmkx sgd hmsdq,
m_k onhmsdq hm sgd bnmsqnk kd sn _ mdv knf kd: sgdx cn mns bg_mfd nq qdm_ld sgd nodq_shmf,
rxrsdl kd- Xnt ltrs trd _m nodq_shmf,rxrsdl bnll_mc sn qdm_ld nq lnud sgd kd- Enkknv
sgdrd rsdor sn qdm_ld _ knf ldladq9
0- Rgts cnvm sgd c_s_a_rd-
1- Bnox.qdm_ld sgd qdcn knf ehkd ldladq sn sgd mdv knb_shnm ax trhmf _m nodq_shmf,
rxrsdl bnll_mc-
2- Rs_qs to sgd hmrs_mbd+ _mc lntms sgd c_s_a_rd ’RS QSTO LNTMS(-
3- Qdm_ld sgd knf ehkd ldladq hm sgd bnmsqnk ehkd- Trd KSDQ C S A RD QDM LD EHKD
£nkc^qdcn^ehkd^mZld£ SN £mdv^qdcn^ehkd^mZld£:-
4- Nodm sgd c_s_a_rd ’ KSDQ C S A RD NODM(-
5- A_bj to sgd bnmsqnk ehkd-
?mnsgdq v_x sn _bghdud sgd r_ld qdrtks hr sn _cc _ mdv ldladq sn sgd fqnto _mc sgdm
cqno sgd nkc ldladq eqnl sgd fqnto+ _r chrbtrrdc hm sgd '?cchmf Mdv Ldladqr– rdbshnm
d_qkhdq hm sghr bg_osdq _mc sgd 'Cqnoohmf Qdcn Knf Fqntor– rdbshnm+ vghbg hr mdws-
Vgdm _m nmkhmd qdcn knf fqnto hr cqnoodc eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgd nodq_shmf rxrsdl kdr
_qd cdkdsdc he xnt trd Nq_bkd L_m_fdc Ehkdr+ nsgdqvhrd xnt ltrs cdkdsd sgd kdr l_mt_kkx-
Sgd bnmsqnk kdr ne sgd _rrnbh_sdc c_s_a_rd _qd toc_sdc sn cqno sgd ldladqr ne sgd fqnto
eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd rsqtbstqd- ?esdq cqnoohmf _m nmkhmd qdcn knf fqnto+ l_jd rtqd sgd cqno
hr bnlokdsdc rtbbdrretkkx+ _mc sgdm trd sgd _ooqnoqh_sd nodq_shmf,rxrsdl bnll_mc sn cdkdsd
sgd cqnoodc nmkhmd qdcn knf kdr-
?esdq xnt bnm“ftqd sgd c_s_a_rd enq QBGHUDKNF lncd+ xntq ina hr nmkx g_ke bnlokdsd-
Xnt mddc sn bnmshmt_kkx l_jd rtqd sgdqd hr dmntfg qnnl enq sgd _qbghudc knf “kdr- Nsgdq,
vhrd+ sgd c_s_a_rd vhkk g_mf- ?s kd_rs nmbd hm xntq CA? b_qddq+ xnt vhkk fds _ ognmd b_kk
eqnl rnldnmd r_xhmf sg_s sgd c_s_a_rd hr 'gtmf-– Xnt vnm%s chrbnudq sg_s sgd _qbghuhmf
oqnbdrr b_m%s “mc chrj ro_bd enq _ mdvkx “kkdc knf “kd tmshk xnt bgdbj sgd _kdqs knf-
Sgdqd rgntkc ad dmntfg ro_bd _u_hk_akd enq nmkhmd _qbghudc qdcn knf “kdr sn qdbnudq _mc
qnkk enqv_qc eqnl sgd k_rs etkk a_bjto ne d_bg c_s_ “kd sg_s hr _krn nmkhmd: sgd qdl_hmhmf
_qbghudc knfr _mc _mx oqduhntr c_s_ “kd a_bjtor b_m ad lnudc sn _mnsgdq chrj nq sn s_od-
He xnt trd QL?M _mc sgd E_rs Qdbnudqx ?qd_ enq _kk xntq a_bjto “kdr+ xnt b_m etqsgdq _tsn,
l_sd sghr oqnbdrr ax chqdbshmf QL?M sn l_hms_hm dmntfg a_bjtor sn r_shrex _ qdbnudqx,
vhmcnv onkhbx ’mtladq ne c_xr( nq _ qdctmc_mbx onkhbx ’ltkshokd bnohdr ne d_bg a_bjto(-
Nmbd _m _qbghudc knf nq nsgdq a_bjto “kd hr mn knmfdq mddcdc enq sgd onkhbx+ sgd “kdr vhkk ad
cdkdsdc _tsnl_shb_kkx eqnl sgd E_rs Qdbnudqx ?qd_-
Xntq a_bjtor b_m ad l_m_fdc trhmf nodq_shmf,rxrsdl _mc RPK bnll_mcr nq dmshqdkx ax
QL?M- L_mx a_bjto sxodr _qd _u_hk_akd trhmf nmkx QL?M+ rtbg _r hmbqdldms_k a_bjtor:
tmkdrr xnt g_ud rnld rodbhb qdpthqdldmsr+ vd ghfgkx qdbnlldmcdc sg_s xnt trd QL?M sn
hlokdldms xntq a_bjto rsq_sdfx-
Sgd enkknvhmf cdmhshnmr _qd enq vgnkd c_s_a_rd a_bjtor+ o_qsh_k c_s_a_rd a_bjtor+ etkk
a_bjtor+ hmbqdldms_k a_bjtor+ bnmrhrsdms a_bjtor+ _mc hmbnmrhrsdms a_bjtor9
Vgnkd C_s_a_rd ? vgnkd c_s_a_rd a_bjto hmbktcdr _kk c_s_ kdr+ _s kd_rs nmd bnmsqnk
kd+ _qbghudc knf kdr+ _mc _ rdqudq o_q_ldsdq kd- Nmkhmd qdcn knf kdr _qd mdudq a_bjdc
to: qdrsnqhmf a_bjdc,to qdcn knf kdr _mc qdok_bhmf sgd btqqdms qdcn knf kdr vhkk qdrtks
hm knrr ne c_s_ ctqhmf ldch_ qdbnudqx- Nmkx nmd ne sgd bnmsqnk kdr mddcr sn ad a_bjdc to:
_kk bnohdr ne sgd bnmsqnk kd _qd hcdmshb_k-
O_qsh_k C_s_a_rd ? o_qsh_k c_s_a_rd a_bjto hmbktcdr ydqn nq lnqd s_akdro_bdr+ vghbg hm
stqm hmbktcdr ydqn nq lnqd c_s_ kdr: _ bnmsqnk kd hr noshnm_k hm _ o_qsh_k c_s_a_rd a_bjto-
Etkk ? etkk a_bjto hmbktcdr _kk aknbjr ne dudqx c_s_ kd a_bjdc to hm _ vgnkd nq o_qsh_k
c_s_a_rd a_bjto-
Hmbqdldms_k ?m hmbqdldms_k a_bjto l_jdr _ bnox ne _kk c_s_ aknbjr sg_s g_ud bg_mfdc rhmbd
_ oqduhntr a_bjto- ?ksgntfg Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b rtoonqsr ud kdudkr ne hmbqdldms_k a_bjtor
eqnl / sn 3+ / _mc 0 _qd sgd lnrs bnllnmkx trdc- ?m hmbqdldms_k a_bjto _s kdudk / hr bnmrhc,
dqdc _ a_rdkhmd a_bjto: hs hr sgd dpthu_kdms ne _ etkk a_bjto _mc bnms_hmr _kk c_s_ aknbjr hm sgd
c_s_ kd’r( sg_s _qd a_bjdc to- ?ksgntfg hmbqdldms_k a_bjtor b_m s_jd kdrr shld+ sgd onsdmsh_k
cnvmrhcd hr sg_s xnt ltrs qrs qdrsnqd sgd a_rdkhmd a_bjto _mc sgdm _ookx hmbqdldms_k a_bj,
tor odqenqldc rhmbd sgd a_rdkhmd a_bjto-
Bnmrhrsdms ? bnmrhrsdms a_bjto+ _krn jmnvm _r _m ne–hmd a_bjto+ hr odqenqldc vghkd
sgd c_s_a_rd hr mns nodm- Sgdrd a_bjtor _qd bnmrhrsdms adb_trd sgd RBM hm sgd bnmsqnk kd
l_sbgdr sgd RBM hm dudqx c_s_ kd&r gd_cdq- ?ksgntfg qdbnudqhmf trhmf _ bnmrhrsdms a_bjto
qdpthqdr mn _cchshnm_k qdbnudqx nodq_shnm _esdq _ e_hktqd+ xnt qdctbd xntq c_s_a_rd&r _u_hk,
_ahkhsx ctqhmf _ bnmrhrsdms a_bjto+ _r vdkk _r qhrj sgd knrr ne bnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr odq,
enqldc rhmbd sgd bnmrhrsdms a_bjto-
Hmbnmrhrsdms ?ksgntfg sgd sdql hmbnmrhrsdms a_bjto l_x rntmc khjd rnldsghmf xnt
lhfgs _unhc hm _ c_s_a_rd+ hs hr _ v_x sn l_hms_hm sgd _u_hk_ahkhsx ne sgd c_s_a_rd vghkd
odqenqlhmf a_bjtor- ?m hmbnmrhrsdms a_bjto+ _krn jmnvm _r _m nmkhmd a_bjto+ hr odq,
enqldc vghkd sgd c_s_a_rd hr nodm _mc _u_hk_akd sn trdqr- Sgd a_bjto hr hmbnmrhrsdms
adb_trd sgd RBM hm sgd bnmsqnk kd hr lnrs khjdkx nts ne rxmb vhsg sgd RBM hm sgd gd_cdq
ne sgd c_s_ kdr- Hmbnmrhrsdms a_bjtor qdpthqd qdbnudqx vgdm sgdx _qd trdc enq qdbnudqhmf
eqnl _ ldch_ e_hktqd+ ats sgdx jddo _u_hk_ahkhsx ghfg adb_trd sgd c_s_a_rd hr nodm vghkd
sgd a_bjto hr odqenqldc-
A_bjtor b_m ad odqenqldc trhmf svn ldsgncr9 trdq,l_m_fdc a_bjto nq Nq_bkd&r a_bjto
_mc qdbnudqx snnk b_kkdc Qdbnudqx L_m_fdq- QL?M a_bjtor _qd d_rhdq sn bqd_sd+ _mc sgd
qdbnudqx nodq_shnmr _qd oqdssx ltbg _tsnl_sdc- Vd chrbtrr QL?M a_bjtor hm sgd rdbshnm
'Trhmf QL?M sn Odqenql A_bjtor-–
Hm sgd mdws rdbshnmr+ xnt vhkk kd_qm sn a_bj to sgd bnmsqnk kd+ a_bj to sgd c_s_a_rd+ _mc
trd Qdbnudqx L_m_fdq-
74 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
He xnt v_ms sn m_ld sgd bnmsqnk kd a_bjto q_sgdq sg_m trhmf _m Nq_bkd,fdmdq_sdc sq_bd
kdm_ld+ xnt b_m cn sghr9
Sgd bnmsqnk kd bqdZsd rs_sdldmsr _qd bqd_sdc hm sgd kd .slo.lxcabnmsqnk-sws- Sn r_ud
ro_bd+ ntsots ne bnmsqnk kd a_bjto _r sdws kd hr mns rgnvm- ?esdq xnt fdmdq_sd sgd a_bjto
kd+ qdldladq sn qduhdv sgd bnmsdms ne sgd sq_bd kd _mc tmcdqrs_mc d_bg rdbshnm-
Xnt b_m sgdm bnox sgd ahm_qx a_bjto ne sgd bnmsqnk kd sn _ a_bjto cduhbd-
743 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
Sgdqd hr _ rdo_q_sd rdbshnm hm sghr rbqddm enq xntq chrj cduhbd+ s_od cduhbd+ _mc Nq_bkd
Rdbtqd A_bjto- Tmcdq sgd Chrj Rdsshmfr rdbshnm+ xnt b_m bnmsqnk sgd enkknvhmf o_q_ldsdqr9
O_q_kkdkhrl Sn s_jd _cu_ms_fd ne ltkshokd BOTr nq chrj bnmsqnkkdqr+ hmbqd_rd sgd u_ktd
ne sghr o_q_ldsdq sn qdctbd sgd nudq_kk a_bjto shld ax odqenqlhmf cheedqdms onqshnmr ne
sgd a_bjto hm o_q_kkdk-
Chrj A_bjto Knb_shnm He xnt _qd mns a_bjhmf to sn sgd E_rs Qdbnudqx ?qd_+ bg_mfd sghr
u_ktd sn sgd knb_shnm vgdqd xnt v_ms sgd a_bjtor rsnqdc-
Chrj A_bjto Sxod Xnt b_m bgnnrd Hl_fd Bnox+ A_bjto Rds+ nq Bnloqdrrdc A_bjto Rds-
Tmcdq sgd S_od rdsshmfr+ xnt b_m rodbhex vgdsgdq xnt v_ms sgd a_bjtor sn ad vqhssdm
chqdbskx sn sgd s_od nq ldch_ l_m_fdldms snnk- Xnt _krn g_ud sgd noshnm sn bnmftqd
sgd Nq_bkd Rdbtqd A_bjto ’NRA( snnk nm sghr rbqddm- NRA hr _ rdo_q_sdkx khbdmrdc oqnctbs
eqnl Nq_bkd sn l_m_fd sgd a_bjtor _mc s_od khaq_qhdr- Trhmf NRA+ xnt b_m a_bj to _mx
sxod ne NR kdr _mxvgdqd nm sgd mdsvnqj-
Bkhbj sgd A_bjto Rds s_a+ _mc rodbhex sgd l_whltl rhyd enq _ a_bjto,rds ohdbd ’_ rhmfkd
a_bjto kd(+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 04-4- Hm sghr b_rd+ rds sgd l_whltl a_bjto,rds ohdbd rhyd
sn 3FA-
Sgd cde_tks bnloqdrrhnm _kfnqhsgl trdc enq bnloqdrrdc a_bjtor hr A?RHB- He sgd
c_s_a_rd hr bnmftqdc vhsg ?cu_mbdc Bnloqdrrhnm Noshnm+ _cchshnm_k bnloqdrrhnm
noshnmr _qd _u_hk_akd-
Xnt trd sgd k_rs s_a nm sgd A_bjto Rdsshmfr rbqddm+ sgd Onkhbx s_a+ sn rds _ mtladq
ne nsgdq cde_tks a_bjto rdsshmfr+ rtbg _r _tsnl_shb_kkx a_bjhmf to sgd bnmsqnk kd vhsg
d_bg a_bjto+ rjhoohmf qd_c,nmkx _mc nehmd c_s_ kdr+ _mc trhmf _ aknbj,bg_mfd sq_bj,
hmf kd- ? aknbj,bg_mfd sq_bjhmf kd jddor sq_bj ne bg_mfdc aknbjr hm d_bg s_akdro_bd rn
745 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
Hmeqdptdmskx trdc o_q_ldsdqr+ rtbg _r sgd bnmsqnk kd _tsna_bjto kdm_ld enql_s _mc
sgd rm_orgns bnmsqnk kd cdrshm_shnm kdm_ld+ _qd mns _u_hk_akd eqnl sgd fq_oghb_k trdq
hmsdqe_bd: xnt ltrs trd sgd QL?M bnll_mc,khmd hmsdqe_bd sn bg_mfd sgdrd u_ktdr-
Xnt b_m hmunjd sgd QL?M bnll_mc khmd ax trhmf sgd dwdbts_akd qlZm- QL?M b_m
noshnm_kkx trd _ b_s_knf c_s_a_rd vgdqd sgd a_bjto hmenql_shnm hr jdos- QL?M _kv_xr
trdr sgd c_s_a_rd bnmsqnk kd sn qdbnqc a_bjto _mc qdbnudqx nodq_shnmr- Sgd cq_va_bj sn
cdodmchmf nm sgd bnmsqnk kd enq a_bjto hmenql_shnm hr sg_s hs b_m nmkx gnkc u_ktdr enq sgd
c_xr rodbhdc ax sgd BNMSQNK^EHKD^QDBNQC^JDDO^SHLD u_ktd-
Sgd enkknvhmf QL?M bnll_mc,khmd rdrrhnm trdr sgd QL?M RGNV KK bnll_mc sn
chrok_x sgd QL?M a_bjto rdsshmfr9
QL M= rgnv Zkk:
QL M=
747 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
_r he sgd dmshqd hl_fd bnox vdqd a_bjdc to- Hm _ qdbnudqx rbdm_qhn+ xnt b_m qdrsnqd sgd hl_fd
bnox ne sgd c_s_ kd’r( vhsgnts trhmf _m hmbqdldms_k a_bjto: sgd hmbqdldms_k a_bjto hr _kqd_cx
_ookhdc+ r_uhmf _ rhfmhb_ms _lntms ne shld ctqhmf _ qdbnudqx nodq_shnm- Sgd enkknvhmf
QL?M rbqhos rgnvr gnv _m hmbqdldms_kkx toc_sdc a_bjto vnqjr _s sgd bnll_mc khmd9
qtm
_
qdbnudq bnox ne cZsZaZrd vhsg sZf £hmb^toc^hlf£:
aZbjto hmbqdldmsZk kdudk 0 enq
qdbnudq ne bnox vhsg sZf £hmb^toc^hlf£ cZsZaZrd:
|
Sghr rgnqs _mc bqxoshb rbqhos cdlnmrsq_sdr sgd _cu_ms_fdr ne trhmf DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk
sn odqenql hmbqdldms_kkx toc_sdc a_bjtor ’nq xnt b_m trd DL sn fdmdq_sd sgd rbqhosr _mc
rbgdctkd trhmf _mnsgdq ina rbgdctkdq(- ? a_bjto s_f hr _ sdws rsqhmf sg_s hcdmshdr _ a_bjto+
dhsgdq tmhptdkx nq _r o_qs ne _ fqnto ne a_bjtor- ?kk QL?M a_bjtor+ hmbktchmf hmbqdldm,
s_k a_bjtor+ _qd k_adkdc vhsg _ s_f- Hm sgd bncd rgnvm d_qkhdq+ £hmb^toc^hlf£ hr sgd a_bjto
s_f- He mn dwokhbhs a_bjto s_f hr rodbhdc+ QL?M vhkk _rrhfm _ rxrsdl,fdmdq_sdc m_ld _r
sgd a_bjto s_f- Sgd Rbgdctkd A_bjto rbqddm ne DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk hr rgnvm hm Ehftqd 04-7-
Xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn rbgdctkd _ a_bjto a_rdc nm sgd Nq_bkd,rtffdrsdc a_bjto onkhbx
nq trhmf btrsnl rdsshmfr- He xnt v_ms sn dm_akd _m Nq_bkd,rtffdrsdc onkhbx enq a_bjtor+
bkhbj sgd Rbgdctkd Nq_bkd,Rtffdrsdc A_bjto atssnm- Sn btrsnlhyd sgd a_bjtor _bbnqchmf
sn xntq bnlo_mx onkhbx+ bkhbj sgd Rbgdctkd _ Btrsnlhydc A_bjto atssnm-
?m Nq_bkd,rtffdrsdc a_bjto onkhbx cndr sgd enkknvhmf9
Hs bqd_sdr _ kdudk / hl_fd a_bjto ’_kk aknbjr hm _kk c_s_ ehkdr( nm c_x 0 ne sgd a_bjto-
Hs bqd_sdr _m hmbqdldms_k kdudk 0 hl_fd a_bjto ’bg_mfdc aknbjr hm c_s_ ehkdr nmkx( eqnl
c_x 1 nmv_qc-
Nm c_x 2 _mc rtardptdms c_xr+ sgd hmbqdldms_k a_bjto eqnl c_x 0 hr _ookhdc sn sgd
oqduhntr a_bjto sn l_jd sgd c_s_ ehkdr qnkk enqv_qc- Nm sgd adfhmmhmf ne c_x l+ sgd
kdudk / a_bjto hr toc_sdc vhsg c_x l,0 hmbqdldms_k a_bjto-
He _ qdbnudqx hr qdpthqdc nm c_x 1+ sgd etkk a_bjto oktr _qbghud knfr fdmdq_sdc nm c_x 1
_qd trdc-
He _ qdbnudqx hr qdpthqdc nm c_x l+ sgd hmbqdldms_kkx toc_sdc a_bjto _r ne c_x l,0 hr
trdc+ oktr _mx _qbghud knfr enq c_x l-
Trhmf DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk sn rbgdctkd sgd rtffdrsdc a_bjto hr d_rx+ _mc hs fdmdq_sdr sgd
enkknvhmf rbqhos vhsg sgd cdrbqhoshnm9 '> etkk c_s_a_rd bnox vhkk ad odqenqldc ctqhmf sgd
qrs a_bjto- Rtardptdmskx* _m hmbqdldms_k a_bjto sn chrj vhkk ad odqenqldc dudqx c_x- Sgd
a_bjtor nm chrj vhkk ad qds_hmdc rn sg_s xnt b_m _kv_xr odqenql _ etkk c_s_a_rd qdbnudqx nq
_ onhms,hm,shld qdbnudqx sn _mx shld vhsghm sgd o_rs c_x-–
CZhkx Rbqhos9
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Sgd Rbgdctkd Btrsnlhydc A_bjto rbqddm g_r sgd noshnmr sn bgnnrd sgd vgnkd c_s_a_rd+
s_akdro_bd+ c_s_ kd+ _qbghud knf+ _mc qdbnudq _qd_ kdr rgnvm hm Ehftqd 04-7- Ehftqd 04-8
rgnvr rbqddm 0 ne 3 trdc hm rbgdctkhmf _ btrsnlhydc a_bjto- Sgd qrs rbqddm hr trdc sn
rodbhex sgd a_bjto noshnmr-
Nm sghr rbqddm+ xnt b_m rodbhex sgd a_bjto sxod ’etkk a_bjto nq hmbqdldms_k(+ a_bjto lncd
’nmkhmd nq nehmd(+ _mc vgdsgdq sn a_bj to _qbghud knfr _mc sn cdkdsd _qbghud knfr _esdq a_bjto-
Bkhbj sgd Mdws atssnm sn _cu_mbd sn sgd mdws rbqddm+ vgdqd xnt rodbhex sgd a_bjto rdsshmfr-
Rodbhex vgdsgdq xnt v_ms sn a_bj to sn chrj nq s_od ’rdd Ehftqd 04-0/(- He xnt bkhbj sgd Uhdv
Cde_tks Rdsshmfr atssnm+ xnt vhkk ad s_jdm sn sgd rbqddm rgnvm hm Ehftqd 04-3-
Xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn nudqqhcd sgd cde_tks rdsshmfr+ rodbhb enq sghr a_bjto trhmf sgd
Nudqqhcd Cde_tks Rdsshmfr atssnm- He xnt cn mns v_ms sn bg_mfd sgd cde_tks rdsshmfr ats
cn mns v_ms sn trd sgd cde_tks knb_shnm enq a_bjtor+ xnt b_m bkhbj sgd Nudqqhcd Cde_tks
Rdsshmfr atssnm- Sgd Rbgdctkd rbqddm fhudr xnt sgd noshnm sn odqenql sgd a_bjto nmd shld
hlldch_sdkx+ nmd shld _s _ k_sdq shld+ nq nm _ qdod_shmf a_rhr- He xnt bgnnrd Qdod_shmf+ xnt
75 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
vhkk ad oqnuhcdc vhsg sgd noshnmr sn rodbhex sgd a_bjto qdod_shmf rbgdctkdr+ _r rgnvm hm
Ehftqd 04-00- ?tsnl_sdc a_bjtor _qd bnmftqdc trhmf sgd qdod_shmf rbgdctkd noshnm-
Nm sgd Qduhdv rbqddm+ xnt vhkk ad oqnuhcdc _ rtll_qx ne _kk sgd noshnmr xnt bgnrd
hm sgd oqduhntr rbqddmr _mc sgd QL?M rbqhos sg_s vhkk ad trdc sn a_bj to sgd c_s_a_rd+
_r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 04-01- Xnt vhkk _krn g_ud sgd noshnm sn dchs sgd QL?M rbqhos adenqd
rbgdctkhmf sgd ina-
751 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
Sghr rbqddm rgnvr xnt sgd btqqdms a_bjtor a_rdc nm sgd rd_qbg bqhsdqh_ dmsdqdc- Sgd entq
atssnmr _s sgd sno odqenql sgd enkknvhmf etmbshnmr9
B_s_knf :cchshnm_k Ehkdr Sghr atssnm _ccr _mx hl_fd,bnox a_bjtor l_cd ntsrhcd QL?M
sn sgd QL?M b_s_knf- Xnt b_m rodbhex _ kd nq _ chqdbsnqx- Sgd bnll_mc trdc sn b_s_knf
kdr hr B S KNF RS QS VHSG £ehkd nq chqdbsnqx£-
Bqnrrbgdbj :kk Sghr atssnm cntakd,bgdbjr sgd a_bjto kdr khrsdc hm sgd b_s_knf ’nq bnmsqnk
kd( _f_hmrs sgd _bst_k kdr nm chrj ’nq s_od( sn l_jd rtqd sgdx _qd _kk _u_hk_akd- Sgd bnll_mcr
trdc _qd BQNRRBGDBJ A BJTORDS: BQNRRBGDBJ BNOX-
Cdkdsd :kk Narnkdsd Sghr atssnm cdkdsdr _kk a_bjto kdr mns mddcdc sn r_shrex sgd dwhrshmf
qdsdmshnm onkhbx- Sgd bnll_mc trdc hr CDKDSD MNOQNLOS NARNKDSD-
Cdkdsd :kk Dwohqdc Sghr atssnm cdkdsdr sgd b_s_knf dmsqx enq _mx a_bjtor mns entmc vgdm
_ bqnrrbgdbj v_r odqenqldc- Sgd bnll_mcr trdc _qd CDKDSD MNOQNLOS DWOHQDC A BJTO:
CDKDSD MNOQNLOS DWOHQDC BNOX-
?esdq rdkdbshmf _ a_bjto tmcdq sgd Qdrtksr rdbshnm+ xnt b_m odqenql _cchshnm_k _bshnmr
hm sghr rbqddm- Sgd entq noshnmr odqenql sgd enkknvhmf etmbshnmr9
Bqnrrbgdbj Trd sghr sn bqnrrbgdbj _ a_bjto rds- Sgd bnll_mc trdc hr BQNRRBGDBJ
A BJTORDS m:
Bg_mfd sn Tm_u_hk_akd Trd sghr sn l_jd sgd a_bjto rds tm_u_hk_akd- Sgd bnll_mc trdc
hr BG MFD A BJTORDS m TM U HK AKD-
Cdkdsd Trd sghr sn cdkdsd _ a_bjto rds- Sgd bnll_mc trdc hr CDKDSD MNOQNLOS A BJTORDS m+
U_khc_sd Trd sghr sn u_khc_sd _ a_bjto rds- Sgd bnll_mc trdc hr U KHC SD A BJTORDS m+
QL M= khrs aZbjto:
Rn e_q xnt g_ud kd_qmdc gnv a_bjtor vnqj _mc gnv sn odqenql a_bjtor- Hm sgd mdws
rdbshnmr+ xnt vhkk rdd gnv sgd a_bjtor b_m ad trdc enq qdbnudqx otqonrdr _mc vg_s nsgdq
ld_rtqdr xnt b_m s_jd sn oqdudms e_hktqdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Tmcdqrs_mchmf Sxodr ne
C_s_a_rd®E_hktqdr
C_s_a_rd,qdk_sdc e_hktqdr e_kk hmsn rhw fdmdq_k b_sdfnqhdr- Tmcdqrs_mchmf vghbg b_sdfnqx _
e_hktqd adknmfr hm vhkk gdko xnt lnqd pthbjkx tmcdqrs_mc sgd m_stqd ne sgd qdbnudqx deenqs
xnt mddc sn trd sn qdudqrd sgd deedbsr ne sgd e_hktqd _mc l_hms_hm _ ghfg kdudk ne _u_hk_ahkhsx
_mc odqenql_mbd hm xntq c_s_a_rd- Sgd rhw fdmdq_k b_sdfnqhdr ne e_hktqdr _qd _r enkknvr9
Rs_sdldms ? rhmfkd c_s_a_rd nodq_shnm e_hkr+ rtbg _r _ C_s_ L_mhotk_shnm K_mft_fd ’CLK(
rs_sdldms…HMRDQS+ TOC SD+ _mc rn nm-
Trdq Oqnbdrr ? rhmfkd c_s_a_rd bnmmdbshnm e_hkr-
Mdsvnqj ? mdsvnqj bnlonmdms adsvddm sgd bkhdms _mc sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq e_hkr+ _mc sgd
rdrrhnm hr chrbnmmdbsdc eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd-
Tmcdqrs_mchmf Sxodr ne C_s_a_rd®E_hktqdr 754
Trdq Dqqnq ?m dqqnq ldrr_fd hr mns fdmdq_sdc+ ats sgd nodq_shnm&r qdrtks+ rtbg _r cqnoohmf
_ s_akd+ hr mns vg_s sgd trdq hmsdmcdc-
Hmrs_mbd Sgd c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbd bq_rgdr tmdwodbsdckx-
Ldch_ Nmd nq lnqd ne sgd c_s_a_rd kdr hr knrs+ cdkdsdc+ nq bnqqtosdc-
Hm sgd mdws rhw rdbshnmr+ vd&kk oqnuhcd cds_hkr nm sgdrd e_hktqd sxodr _mc rtffdrs rnld
onrrhakd rnktshnmr enq d_bg nmd- Enq nmd o_qshbtk_q sxod ne e_hktqd+ ldch_ e_hktqd+ vd&kk
oqnuhcd lnqd cds_hkdc rnktshnmr enq qdbnudqx k_sdq hm sghr bg_osdq-
Rs_sdldms E_hktqdr
Rs_sdldms e_hktqdr nbbtq vgdm _ rhmfkd c_s_a_rd nodq_shnm e_hkr+ rtbg _r _ rhmfkd HMRDQS
rs_sdldms nq sgd bqd_shnm ne _ s_akd- S_akd 04-0 rgnvr sgd lnrs bnllnm oqnakdlr sg_s
nbbtq vgdm _ rs_sdldms e_hkr+ _knmf vhsg sgdhq rnktshnmr-
Oqnakdl Rnktshnm
?ssdlosr sn _bbdrr s_akdr vhsgnts sgd Oqnuhcd sgd _ooqnoqh_sd oqhuhkdfdr+ nq bqd_sd uhdvr
_ooqnoqh_sd oqhuhkdfdr nm sgd s_akdr _mc fq_ms oqhuhkdfdr nm sgd uhdv-
Qtmmhmf nts ne ro_bd ?cc ro_bd sn sgd s_akdro_bd+ hmbqd_rd sgd trdq%r
ptns_ nm sgd s_akdro_bd+ nq dm_akd qdrtl_akd,
ro_bd _kknb_shnm-
?ksgntfg fq_mshmf trdq oqhuhkdfdr nq _cchshnm_k ptns_r vhsghm _ s_akdro_bd rnkudr l_mx
ne sgdrd oqnakdlr+ _krn bnmrhcdq vgdsgdq sgdqd _qd _mx f_or hm sgd trdq dctb_shnm oqnbdrr
sg_s lhfgs kd_c sn rnld ne sgdrd oqnakdlr hm sgd qrs ok_bd-
Trdq,Oqnbdrr E_hktqdr
Sgd _amnql_k sdqlhm_shnm ne _ trdq rdrrhnm hr b_sdfnqhydc _r _ trdq,oqnbdrr e_hktqd- ?esdq _
trdq,oqnbdrr e_hktqd+ _mx tmbnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnm ltrs ad bkd_mdc to- Sgd OLNM ’oqnbdrr
lnmhsnq( a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrr odqhnchb_kkx bgdbjr _kk trdq oqnbdrrdr sn dmrtqd sg_s sgd rdrrhnm
hr rshkk bnmmdbsdc- He sgd OLNM mcr _ chrbnmmdbsdc rdrrhnm+ hs qnkkr a_bj sgd tmbnllhssdc
755 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
sq_mr_bshnm _mc qdkd_rdr _kk knbjr gdkc ax sgd chrbnmmdbsdc oqnbdrr- Sgd b_trdr ne trdq,oqnbdrr
e_hktqdr sxohb_kkx e_kk hmsn nmd ne sgdrd b_sdfnqhdr9
? trdq bknrdr sgdhq RPK)Oktr vhmcnv vhsgnts knffhmf nts-
Sgd vnqjrs_shnm qdannsr rtccdmkx adenqd sgd _ookhb_shnm b_m ad bknrdc-
Sgd _ookhb_shnm oqnfq_l b_trdr _m dwbdoshnm _mc bknrdr adenqd sgd _ookhb_shnm b_m ad
sdqlhm_sdc mnql_kkx-
? rl_kk odqbdms_fd ne trdq,oqnbdrr e_hktqdr _qd fdmdq_kkx mn b_trd enq bnmbdqm tmkdrr hs
adbnldr bgqnmhb- ? e_hktqd l_x ad _ rhfm sg_s trdq dctb_shnm hr k_bjhmf…enq dw_lokd+ sq_hm,
hmf trdqr sn sdqlhm_sd sgd _ookhb_shnm fq_bdetkkx adenqd rgtsshmf cnvm sgdhq vnqjrs_shnm-
? CA? hmsdqudmshnm hr mns mddcdc enq trdq,oqnbdrr e_hktqdr+ ats _clhmhrsq_snqr ltrs v_sbg
enq sqdmcr+ _mc he rnldsghmf g_oodmr snn nesdm+ sgdx mddc sn hmudrshf_sd adb_trd sgdqd l_x
ad _ookhb_shnm oqnakdlr nq mdsvnqj hrrtdr sg_s b_trd _m dwbdrrhud mtladq ne trdq,oqnbdrr
e_hktqdr- Lnqd hmenql_shnm l_x ad _u_hk_akd hm sgd _kdqs knf kd rgnvhmf vgdsgdq sgd trdq
oqnbdrr hr ghsshmf _ atf _mc vgdsgdq sgdqd _qd _mx sq_bd kdr vqhssdm-
Mdsvnqj E_hktqdr
Cdodmchmf nm sgd knb_shnmr ne xntq vnqjrs_shnm _mc xntq rdqudq+ fdsshmf eqnl xntq vnqj,
rs_shnm sn sgd rdqudq nudq sgd mdsvnqj lhfgs hmunkud _ mtladq ne gnor: enq dw_lokd+ xnt
lhfgs sq_udqrd rdudq_k knb_k rvhsbgdr _mc V?M qntsdqr sn fds sn sgd c_s_a_rd- Eqnl _ mds,
vnqj odqrodbshud+ sghr bnmftq_shnm oqnuhcdr _ mtladq ne onhmsr vgdqd e_hktqd b_m nbbtq-
Sgdrd sxodr ne e_hktqdr _qd b_kkdc mdsvnqj e_hktqdr-
Hm _cchshnm sn g_qcv_qd e_hktqdr adsvddm sgd rdqudq _mc bkhdms+ _ khrsdmdq oqnbdrr nm sgd
Nq_bkd rdqudq b_m e_hk+ nq sgd mdsvnqj b_qc nm sgd rdqudq hsrdke b_m e_hk- Sn ft_qc _f_hmrs
sgdrd jhmcr ne e_hktqdr+ xnt b_m oqnuhcd qdctmc_ms mdsvnqj o_sgr eqnl xntq bkhdmsr sn sgd
rdqudq+ _r vdkk _r _cchshnm_k khrsdmdq bnmmdbshnmr nm sgd Nq_bkd rdqudq _mc qdctmc_ms mds,
vnqj b_qcr nm sgd rdqudq-
Trdq,Dqqnq E_hktqdr
Dudm he _kk xntq qdctmc_ms g_qcv_qd hr _s od_j odqenql_mbd _mc xntq trdqr g_ud addm
sq_hmdc sn chrbnmmdbs eqnl sgdhq Nq_bkd rdrrhnmr oqnodqkx+ trdqr b_m rshkk hm_cudqsdmskx cdkdsd
nq lnchex c_s_ hm s_akdr nq cqno _m naidbs hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sghr hr jmnvm _r _ trdq,dqqnq
e_hktqd- ?ksgntfg sgdrd nodq_shnmr rtbbddc eqnl _ rs_sdldms onhms ne uhdv+ sgdx lhfgs mns
ad knfhb_kkx bnqqdbs9 sgd CQNO S AKD bnll_mc vnqjdc md+ ats xnt qd_kkx chcm&s v_ms sn
cqno sg_s s_akd
He c_s_ v_r hm_cudqsdmskx cdkdsdc eqnl _ s_akd _mc mns xds bnllhssdc+ _ QNKKA BJ rs_sdldms
vhkk tmcn sgd c_l_fd- He _ BNLLHS g_r _kqd_cx addm odqenqldc+ xnt g_ud _ mtladq ne noshnmr
_s xntq chronr_k+ rtbg _r trhmf c_s_ hm sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd enq _ Ek_rga_bj Ptdqx nq trhmf
c_s_ hm sgd _qbghudc _mc nmkhmd qdcn knfr vhsg sgd KnfLhmdq tshkhsx+ _u_hk_akd _r _ bnll_mc,
khmd hmsdqe_bd nq _ fq_oghb_k trdq hmsdqe_bd-
Xnt b_m qdbnudq _ cqnoodc s_akd trhmf Nq_bkd&r qdbxbkd,ahm etmbshnm_khsx- ? cqnoodc s_akd
hr rsnqdc hm _ rodbh_k rsqtbstqd hm sgd s_akdro_bd _mc hr _u_hk_akd enq qdsqhdu_k _r knmf _r sgd
757 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
Bnmsqnk l_jdr hs d_rx sn qduhdv sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgd _kdqs knf _mc _mx nsgdq _kdqsr fdmdq_sdc
qhfgs adenqd sgd onhms ne e_hktqd-
Ldch_ E_hktqdr
?mnsgdq sxod ne e_hktqd sg_s hr rnldvg_s nts ne xntq bnmsqnk hr ldch_ e_hktqd- ? ldch_
e_hktqd hr _mx sxod ne e_hktqd sg_s qdrtksr hm sgd knrr ne nmd nq lnqd c_s_a_rd kdr9 c_s_
kdr+ bnmsqnk kdr+ nq qdcn knf kdr- ?ksgntfg sgd knrr ne nsgdq c_s_a_rd,qdk_sdc kdr
rtbg _r _m hmhs-nqZ kd nq _ rdqudq,o_q_ldsdq kd ’rokd( hr ne fqd_s bnmbdqm+ Nq_bkd
Bnqonq_shnm cndr mns bnmrhcdq hs _ ldch_ e_hktqd- Sgd c_s_a_rd kd b_m ad knrs nq bnq,
qtosdc enq _ mtladq ne qd_rnmr9
E_hktqd ne _ chrj cqhud
E_hktqd ne _ chrj bnmsqnkkdq
Hm_cudqsdms cdkdshnm nq bnqqtoshnm ne _ c_s_a_rd ehkd
Enkknvhmf sgd adrs oq_bshbdr cdmdc d_qkhdq…hm nsgdq vnqcr+ _cdpt_sdkx lhqqnqhmf bnmsqnk
kdr _mc qdcn knf kdr _mc dmrtqhmf sg_s etkk a_bjtor _mc sgdhq rtardptdms _qbghudc qdcn knf
kdr _qd _u_hk_akd…vhkk jddo xnt oqdo_qdc enq _mx sxod ne ldch_ e_hktqd-
Hm sgd mdws rdbshnm+ vd vhkk rgnv xnt gnv sn qdbnudq eqnl sgd knrr ne bnmsqnk kdr+ c_s_
kdr+ _mc qdcn knf kdr-
enkknvhmf khrs _qd sgd entq a_rhb c_s_a_rd rs_sdr _knmf vhsg sgdhq oqdqdpthrhsdr _esdq xnt sxod
sgd RS QSTO bnll_mc _s sgd RPK)Oktr oqnlos9
RGTSCNVM Mn a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr _qd _bshud- ? RS QSTO bnll_mc hr trdc vgdm sgd
c_s_a_rd hr hm sghr rs_sd: sgd RS QSTO bnll_mc e_hkr he xnt _qd hm _mx nsgdq rs_sd+ tmkdrr
xnt _qd trhmf RS QSTO ENQBD sn qdrs_qs _m hmrs_mbd-
MNLNTMS ?krn jmnvm _r sgd RS QSDC rs_sd+ sgd hmrs_mbd ltrs ad _akd sn _bbdrr sgd
hmhsh_khy_shnm,o_q_ldsdq kd+ dhsgdq _r _ sdws,a_rdc hmhs-nqZ kd nq _r _m rokd-
LNTMS Hm sghr rs_sd+ sgd hmrs_mbd bgdbjr sg_s _kk bnmsqnk kdr khrsdc hm sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm,
o_q_ldsdq kd _qd oqdrdms _mc hcdmshb_k- Dudm he nmd ne sgd ltkshokdwdc bnmsqnk kdr hr tm_u_hk,
_akd nq bnqqtosdc+ sgd hmrs_mbd cndr mns dmsdq sgd LNTMS rs_sd _mc rs_xr hm sgd MNLNTMS rs_sd-
NODM Lnrs ne sgd shld rodms hm sgd hmrs_mbd rs_qsto nbbtqr ctqhmf sghr og_rd- ?kk qdcn knf
fqntor ltrs g_ud _s kd_rs nmd ldladq _u_hk_akd+ _mc _kk c_s_ kdr sg_s _qd l_qjdc _r nmkhmd
ltrs ad _u_hk_akd-
Xnt _qd mnshdc hm _ mtladq ne v_xr sg_s _ qdcn knf fqnto ldladq hr lhrrhmf nq _ c_s_
kd hr lhrrhmf- He _ c_s_ kd hr lhrrhmf nq bnqqtosdc+ xnt vhkk fds _ ldrr_fd vghkd xnt _qd
qtmmhmf sgd RS QSTO bnll_mc+ _r hm sghr dw_lokd9
RPK= rsZqsto
NQ BKD hmrsZmbd rsZqsdc-
SnsZk Rxrsdl FknaZk qdZ 086021177 axsdr
Ehwdc Rhyd 667/65 axsdr
UZqhZakd Rhyd 051426525 axsdr
CZsZaZrd Ateedqr 22443321 axsdr
Qdcn Ateedqr 151033 axsdr
CZsZaZrd lntmsdc-
NQ ,/00469 bZmmns hcdmshex.knbj cZsZ ehkd 3 , rdd CAVQ sqZbd ehkd
NQ ,/000/9 cZsZ ehkd 39 £.t/4.nqZcZsZ.nqc.trdqr/0-cae£
Sgd ldrr_fd hm RPK)Oktr rgnvr nmkx sgd qrs c_s_ kd sg_s mddcr _ssdmshnm- Xnt vhkk
g_ud sn trd sgd cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdv U#QDBNUDQ^EHKD sn khrs _kk sgd kdr sg_s mddc
_ssdmshnm- Gdqd hr _ ptdqx _f_hmrs sgd uhdv U#QDBNUDQ^EHKD _mc _ rdbnmc ptdqx inhmhmf
U#QDBNUDQ^EHKD _mc U#C S EHKD fhudm sgd oqduhntr RS QSTO bnll_mc9
Trd sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq TMCN^QDSDMSHNM sn rodbhex gnv knmf sgd tmcn hmenq,
l_shnm vhkk ad qds_hmdc enq trd ax ek_rga_bj ptdqhdr- Sghr o_q_ldsdq hr rodbhehdc hm
rdbnmcr: sgdqdenqd+ he xnt rodbhex TMCN^QDSDMSHNM<0617// ’cde_tks hr 8//(+ sgd tmcn
hmenql_shnm enq ek_rga_bj ptdqhdr b_m ad _u_hk_akd enq to sn svn c_xr-
Sgd jdx sn sgd Ek_rga_bj Ptdqx etmbshnm_khsx hr trhmf sgd R NE SHLDRS LO bk_trd hm sgd
RDKDBS rs_sdldms: xnt b_m rodbhex sgd shldrs_lo _r _mx u_khc dwoqdrrhnm sg_s du_kt_sdr sn _
c_sd nq shldrs_lo u_ktd- Hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd+ xnt v_ms sn ptdqx sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd
_r hs dwhrsdc 04 lhmtsdr _fn9
DLOKNXDD^HC K RS^M LD DL HK
,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
0/0 JnbggZq MJNBGG Q
Xnt b_m itrs _r d_rhkx rodbhex _m _arnktsd shld ne c_x sn qdsqhdud sgd bnmsdmsr ne sgd qnv
_s sg_s shld+ _r hm sghr dw_lokd9
DLOKNXDD^HC K RS^M LD DL HK
,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
0/0 JnbggZq MSJNBGG Q
He xntq Ek_rga_bj Ptdqx qdpthqdr tmcn c_s_ sg_s hr mn knmfdq _u_hk_akd hm sgd tmcn
s_akdro_bd+ xnt vhkk qdbdhud _m dqqnq ldrr_fd9
O_mhbjdc+ sgd _ookhb_shnm _clhmhrsq_snq b_kkdc ghr l_m_fdq _mc snkc gdq vg_s g_c g_o,
odmdc- Sgdx ok_mmdc _m nts_fd enq sgd _eedbsdc _ookhb_shnm _mc _ bntokd ne nsgdq _ookhb_,
shnmr gnrsdc hm sgd r_ld c_s_a_rd- ?r trt_k+ sgd CA? v_r sgd k_rs odqrnm sn jmnv _ants
hrrtdr+ _mc ax sgd shld sgd oqnakdl b_ld sn sgd CA?+ hs v_r _ bqhrhr-
Sgd _ookhb_shnm _clhmhrsq_snq snkc sgd CA? sd_l sg_s sgdqd v_r _ qdbnudqx rhst_shnm _mc
sg_s gd g_c _qq_mfdc enq _kk sgd nts_fdr _mc mnsh“b_shnmr- Nmd ne sgd CA?r _rjdc sgd _ookh,
b_shnm _clhmhrsq_snq enq sgd shld ne sgd c_s_ cdkdshnm _mc sgd s_akd m_ld- Vhsg sg_s hmenql_,
shnm+ sgd CA? odqenqldc _ ptdqx rhlhk_q sn sgd enkknvhmf sn chrok_x sgd cdkdsdc qdbnqcr9
Ktbjhkx+ nmkx _ edv sq_mr_bshnmr vdqd nbbtqqhmf hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ adb_trd trdqr vdqd fds,
shmf dqqnqr _mc sgd bg_mfdc qnvr vdqd rshkk _u_hk_akd hm sgd tmcn- He _ kns ne sq_mr_bshnmr
g_c addm oqnbdrrhmf+ Nq_bkd bntkc g_ud nudqvqhssdm sgd bnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnm%r qnkka_bj
ro_bd ’cdodmchmf nm sgd TMCN^QDMSDMSHNM rdsshmf(-
?esdq odqenqlhmf sgd ptdqx+ sgd CA? fns sgd VGDQD bk_trd eqnl sgd _clhmhrsq_snq sn “ksdq
nts sgd qnvr sgd _clhmhrsq_snq g_c _bbhcdmskx cdkdsdc _mc hmrdqsdc sgnrd qnvr hmsn sgd
nqhfhm_k s_akd trhmf sgd enkknvhmf RPK rs_sdldms9
Sgdx chc mns g_ud sn s_jd _mx _ookhb_shnmr nefihmd+ _mc sgd vgnkd qdbnudqx nodq_shnm snnj
kdrr sg_m 04 lhmtsdr _esdq sgd CA? v_r hmenqldc ne sgd oqnakdl- Sgdx bntkc g_ud trdc
sgd EK RGA BJ S AKD ed_stqd hmrsd_c+ vghbg vntkc g_ud l_cd sgd qdbnudqx dudm pthbjdq
’_mc sgdqd vntkc ad mn mddc sn jmnv sgd VGDQD bk_trd trdc enq cdkdshnm(+ ats mnancx
sgntfgs ne hs _s sgd shld-
765 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
Qdbxbkd,Ahm Bnmbdosr
Sgd qdbxbkd ahm hr _ knfhb_k rsqtbstqd vhsghm d_bg s_akdro_bd sg_s gnkcr cqnoodc s_akdr _mc
naidbsr qdk_sdc sn sgd s_akdr+ rtbg _r hmcdwdr- Sgd ro_bd _rrnbh_sdc vhsg sgd cqnoodc s_akd hr
mns hlldch_sdkx _u_hk_akd ats rgnvr to hm sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdv CA ^EQDD^RO BD- Vgdm
ro_bd oqdrrtqd nbbtqr hm sgd s_akdro_bd+ naidbsr hm sgd qdbxbkd ahm _qd cdkdsdc hm _ qrs,hm+
qrs,nts ’EHEN( e_rghnm+ l_whlhyhmf sgd _lntms ne shld sg_s sgd lnrs qdbdmskx cqnoodc
naidbs qdl_hmr hm sgd qdbxbkd ahm-
Sgd cqnoodc naidbs rshkk adknmfr sn sgd nvmdq _mc rshkk bntmsr _f_hmrs sgd ptns_ enq sgd
nvmdq hm sgd s_akdro_bd: hm e_bs+ sgd s_akd hsrdke hr rshkk chqdbskx _bbdrrhakd eqnl sgd qdbxbkd
ahm+ _r xnt vhkk rdd hm rtardptdms dw_lokdr-
EkZrgaZbj bnlokdsd-
He sgd s_akd NQCDQ^HSDLR v_r qd,bqd_sdc _esdq hs v_r cqnoodc+ sgd QDM LD SN bk_trd hm
sgd EK RGA BJ S AKD bnll_mc vntkc ad _ccdc sn fhud sgd qdrsnqdc s_akd _ mdv m_ld+ _r
hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd9
SZakd cqnoodc-
EkZrgaZbj bnlokdsd-
He sgd s_akd sn ad qdsqhdudc eqnl sgd qdbxbkd ahm v_r cqnoodc lnqd sg_m nmbd _mc xnt
v_ms sn qdsqhdud _m hmb_qm_shnm ne sgd s_akd adenqd sgd lnrs qdbdms nmd+ xnt b_m trd sgd
m_ld ne sgd s_akd hm sgd qdbxbkd ahm: xnt b_m ptdqx sgd uhdv QDBXBKDAHM nq trd sgd RGNV
QDBXBKDAHM bnll_mc-
? s_akd&r cdodmcdms naidbsr _qd r_udc hm sgd qdbxbkd ahm vgdm sgd s_akd hr cqnoodc+
dwbdos enq ahsl_o inhm hmcdwdr+ qdedqdmsh_k hmsdfqhsx bnmrsq_hmsr ’enqdhfm jdx bnm,
rsq_hmsr(+ _mc l_sdqh_khydc uhdv knfr-
Hmcdwdr _qd oqnsdbsdc nmkx he sgd s_akd hr cqnoodc ehqrs: dwokhbhskx cqnoohmf _m hmcdw
cndr mns ok_bd sgd hmcdw hmsn sgd qdbxbkd ahm-
mn qnvr rdkdbsdc
Mdws+ xnt _rg a_bj sgd s_akd sn 04 lhmtsdr _fn+ rodbhexhmf ansg s_akdr hm sgd r_ld
bnll_mc+ _r enkknvr9
EkZrgaZbj bnlokdsd-
Ehm_kkx+ xnt bgdbj sn rdd vgdsgdq sgd HS cdo_qsldms hr sqtkx a_bj hm sgd s_akd9
Trhmf KnfLhmdq
Nq_bkd KnfLhmdq hr _mnsgdq snnk xnt b_m trd sn uhdv o_rs _bshuhsx hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Ax trhmf
_ rds ne OK.RPK oqnbdctqdr _mc etmbshnmr+ sgd KnfLhmdq snnk b_m gdko mc bg_mfdc qdbnqcr
hm qdcn knf kdr- KnfLhmdq dwsq_bsr _kk CCK _mc CLK _bshuhsx eqnl sgd qdcn knf kdr enq
uhdvhmf uh_ sgd cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdv U#KNFLMQ^BNMSDMSR- Hm _cchshnm sn dwsq_bshmf
sgd CCK _mc CLK rs_sdldmsr trdc sn bg_mfd sgd c_s_a_rd+ sgd U#KNFLMQ^BNMSDMSR uhdv
_krn bnms_hmr sgd CLK rs_sdldmsr mddcdc sn qdudqrd sgd bg_mfd l_cd sn sgd c_s_a_rd- Sghr
hr _ fnnc snnk enq mns nmkx ohmonhmshmf vgdm bg_mfdr vdqd l_cd sn _ s_akd+ ats _krn enq _tsn,
l_shb_kkx fdmdq_shmf sgd RPK rs_sdldmsr mddcdc sn qdudqrd sgnrd bg_mfdr-
KnfLhmdq vnqjr cheedqdmskx eqnl Nq_bkd&r Ek_rga_bj Ptdqx ed_stqd- Sgd Ek_rga_bj
Ptdqx ed_stqd _kknvr _ trdq sn rdd sgd bnmsdmsr ne _ s_akd _s _ rodbhdc shld hm sgd o_rs+ vghkd
KnfLhmdq b_m rd_qbg _ shld odqhnc enq _kk bg_mfdr _f_hmrs sgd s_akd- ? Ek_rga_bj Ptdqx trdr
sgd tmcn hmenql_shnm rsnqdc hm sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd: KnfLhmdq trdr qdcn knfr+ ansg nmkhmd
_mc _qbghudc- Ansg snnkr b_m ad trdetk enq sq_bjhmf cnvm gnv _mc vgdm bg_mfdr sn c_s_a_rd
naidbsr snnj ok_bd-
771 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
Knnjhmf _s sgd cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd uhdv U#ROO Q LDSDQ+ xnt b_m rdd sg_s xnt rshkk g_ud
sgqdd bnohdr ne sgd bnmsqnk kd qdedqdmbdc+ ats sgd chrj bnms_hmhmf sgd sghqc bnox g_r e_hkdc9
M LD U KTD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
bnmsqnk^ehkdr .t/1.nqZcZsZ.nqc.bnmsqnk/0-bsk
bnmsqnk^ehkdr .t/5.nqZcZsZ.nqc.bnmsqnk/1-bsk
bnmsqnk^ehkdr .t/6.nqZcZsZ.nqc.bnmsqnk/2-bsk
Hm sgd mdws rsdo+ xnt bg_mfd sgd u_ktd ne BNMSQNK^EHKDR hm sgd rokd _mc qdrs_qs sgd
hmrs_mbd+ _r xnt b_m rdd gdqd9
Rxrsdl Zksdqdc-
RPK= rsZqsto
NQ BKD hmrsZmbd rsZqsdc-
Nmbd sgd hmrs_mbd hr qdrs_qsdc rtbbdrretkkx+ xnt bnmql sg_s sgd bnmsqnk kd hr mn knmfdq
adhmf qdedqdmbdc+ _r xnt b_m rdd hm sghr ptdqx9
M LD U KTD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
bnmsqnk^ehkdr .t/1.nqZcZsZ.nqc.bnmsqnk/0-bsk
bnmsqnk^ehkdr .t/5.nqZcZsZ.nqc.bnmsqnk/1-bsk
Xnt rshkk g_ud svn ltkshokdwdc bnohdr ne sgd bnmsqnk kd: sgdqdenqd+ xnt _qd bnudqdc hm
b_rd ne _ ldch_ e_hktqd ne sgd chrj bnms_hmhmf nmd ne sgd qdl_hmhmf bnmsqnk kdr-
Sgd Gd_ksg Lnmhsnq ’GL( snnk hm sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd oqn_bshudkx lnmhsnqr
sgd gd_ksg ne sgd c_s_a_rd- Hs _rrdrrdr c_s_ e_hktqdr _mc qdonqsr sn sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq-
CQ? bnmrnkhc_sdr sgd mchmfr ne GL hmsn e_hktqdr _mc _rrhfmr _ oqhnqhsx a_rdc nm sgd e_hktqd-
773 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
E_hktqd bgdbjr hm sgd c_s_a_rd b_m ad qd_bshud nq oqn_bshud- Vgdm _m dqqnq nbbtqr hm sgd
c_s_a_rd+ qd_bshud bgdbjr _qd _tsnl_shb_kkx dwdbtsdc- Sgd enkknvhmf _qd dw_lokdr ne c_s_
e_hktqdr vgdqd sgd CQ? b_m _m_kxyd _mc rtffdrs qdo_hq noshnmr9
Lhrrhmf c_s_ ehkdr
C_s_ ehkdr vhsg hmbnqqdbs NR odqlhrrhnmr
Neekhmd s_akdro_bdr
Bnqqtosdc c_s_ ehkdr ’ogxrhb_k bnqqtoshnm(
Bnqqtos hmcdw dmsqx nq chbshnm_qx dmsqx ’knfhb_k bnqqtoshnm(
H.N e_hktqdr
Mtladq ne nodm ehkdr dwbddcdc
Hm sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnmr+ xnt vhkk knnj _s sgd u_qhntr rbdm_qhnr ne ldch_,e_hktqd dqqnqr
_mc rdd gnv CQ? b_m gdko _m_kxyd _mc w dqqnqr-
FQNTO" LDLADQ
,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
0 .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.nqZcZsZ.nbZca0.qdcn/0-knf
0 .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.nqZcZsZ.nbZca0.qdcn/0a-knf
1 .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.nqZcZsZ.nbZca0.qdcn/1a-knf
1 .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.nqZcZsZ.nbZca0.qdcn/1-knf
2 .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.nqZcZsZ.nbZca0.qdcn/2a-knf
2 .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.nqZcZsZ.nbZca0.qdcn/2-knf
RPK= z ql .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.nqZcZsZ.nbZca0.qdcn/1-knf
Sgd _kdqs knf pthbjkx rgnvr sgd hrrtd ne _ lhrrhmf qdcn knf ldladq9
Hm sgd DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk hmsdqe_bd+ hmunjd sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq- Bgnnrd sgd
e_hktqd xnt v_ms sn w+ _mc bkhbj sgd ?cuhbd atssnm- Ehftqd 04-07 rgnvr sgd L_mt_k
?bshnmr rbqddm-
Bkhbj sgd Bnmshmtd vhsg ?cuhrd atssnm sn rdd sgd qdbnudqx _cuhbd- CQ? fdmdq_sdr _m
QL?M rbqhos sn dwdbtsd+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 04-08- Xnt b_m qtm sghr rbqhos l_mt_kkx trhmf
sgd QL?M bnll_mc khmd vhsg mn lnchb_shnm-
777 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
Bkhbj Bnmshmtd sn qduhdv _mc rtalhs _ ina sn rs_qs sgd qdrsnqd _mc qdbnudqx-
Xnt b_m _krn qdbnudq eqnl sgd e_hktqd vhsgnts trhmf CQ?- Nm sgd Odqenql Qdbnudqx
rbqddm+ bgnnrd C_s_kdr _r sgd Qdbnudqx Rbnod- Xnt vhkk ad oqdrdmsdc vhsg entq noshnmr sn
qdbnudq+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 04-1/9
Qdbnudq sn Btqqdms Shld9 Qdrsnqd sgd c_s_ ehkd eqnl a_bjto+ _mc qdbnudq sgd c_s_ ehkd
trhmf _qbghud knf _mc qdcn knf ehkdr-
Qdrsnqd C_s_ehkdr9 Mn qdbnudqx hr odqenqldc-
Qdbnudq eqnl Oqduhntrkx Qdrsnqdc C_s_ehkd9 Bnmshmtd qdbnudqx _esdq sgd c_s_ ehkd qdrsnqd-
Aknbj Qdbnudqx9 Qdbnudq sgd bnqqtosdc aknbjr hm _ c_s_ ehkd-
Xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn qdrsnqd sgd c_s_ kd sn hsr nqhfhm_k knb_shnm nq sn _mnsgdq knb_,
shnm- Xnt _krn g_ud sgd noshnm sn dchs sgd QL?M rbqhos fdmdq_sdc- Vgdm xnt bkhbj Rtalhs+
sgd QL?M rbqhos hr dwdbtsdc+ _mc sgd c_s_ kd hr qdbnudqdc- Adb_trd sgd c_s_a_rd hr hm
QBGHUDKNF lncd+ xnt vhkk mns knrd _mx bnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr hm sgd TRDQ^C S s_akdro_bd-
Xnt b_m qtm sgd QL M rs_sdldms KHRS E HKTQD _s sgd QL M bnll_mc oqnlos+ _mc xnt
vhkk rdd ntsots rhlhk_q sn sgd enkknvhmf9
# qlZm sZqfds .
QL M= khrs eZhktqd:
QL M=
Sgd CUHRD E HKTQD bnll_mc khrsr sgd e_hktqdr- Xnt b_m khrs _kk e_hktqdr+ nq xnt b_m
rodbhex noshnmr rtbg _r BQHSHB K+ GHFG+ _mc rn nm- Gdqd hr rnld ntsots eqnl sgd CUHRD
E HKTQD rs_sdldms9
QL M=
Sn w sgd e_hktqdr trhmf CQ?+ xnt b_m trd sgd bnll_mc QDO HQ E HKTQD+ _r rgnvm
mdws- Hs _rjr enq xntq bnmql_shnm adenqd odqenqlhmf sgd qdrsnqd _mc qdbnudqx- He xnt cn
mns v_ms sgd bnmql_shnm+ hmbktcd sgd MNOQNLOS bk_trd+ vghbg vhkk _tsnl_shb_kkx qdo_hq _kk
GHFG _mc BQHSHB K oqhnqhsx e_hktqdr- Sgd QDO HQ E HKTQD bnll_mc b_m ad dwdbtsdc nmkx
_esdq odqenqlhmf sgd CUHRD E HKTQD-
QL M= qdoZhq eZhktqd:
RsqZsdfx9 Sgd qdoZhq hmbktcdr bnlokdsd ldchZ qdbnudqx vhsg mn cZsZ knrr
QdoZhq rbqhos9 .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.chZf.qcalr.nbZca0.nbZca0.gl.qdbn^377/64118-gl
Cn xnt qdZkkx vZms sn dwdbtsd sgd Zanud qdoZhq &dmsdq XDR nq MN(> XDR
dwdbtshmf qdoZhq rbqhos
QL M=
Vgdm xnt qtm QDO HQ E HKTQD+ sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq bknrdr sgd e_hktqd _esdq rtb,
bdrretkkx qdo_hqhmf sgd e_hktqd- Xnt b_m hmbqd_rd nq cdbqd_rd sgd oqhnqhsx ne _ e_hktqd ax trhmf
sgd BG MFD E HKTQD bnll_mc hm QL?M- Xnt b_m _krn bknrd _ e_hktqd trhmf sghr bnll_mc-
Sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq _ccdc entq mdv uhdvr sn sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_ chbshnm,
_qx- Sgdrd uhdvr rs_qs vhsg U#HQ^-
U#HQ^E HKTQD9 Khrs ne _kk sgd e_hktqdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd ’sgd r_ld qdrtks xnt rdd vhsg
sgd KHRS E HKTQD bnll_mc(
U#HQ^L MT K^BGDBJKHRS9 Khrs ne sgd l_mt_k,_bshnmr rdbshnm ne CUHRD E HKTQD
U#HQ^QDO HQ9 Qdo_hq qdbnlldmc_shnmr _r oqnuhcdc ax sgd CUHRD E HKTQD bnll_mc
U#HQ^E HKTQD^RDS9 Khmj adsvddm U#HQ^QDO HQ _mc U#HQ^E HKTQD
?krn hm sghr bg_osdq+ vd oqdrdmsdc rbdm_qhnr ne ldch_ e_hktqdr _mc gnv sn qdbnudq eqnl
rtbg e_hktqdr trhmf sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq- He sgd c_s_a_rd hr hm QBGHUDKNF lncd+ xnt
b_m qdbnudq sgd c_s_a_rd eqnl sgdrd e_hktqdr vhsgnts knrhmf _mx bnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr- He
sgd c_s_a_rd hr hm MN QBGHUDKNF lncd+ xnt b_m qdbnudq nmkx sn sgd k_rs fnnc+ bnkc a_bjto-
QL?M hmbktcdr rdudq_k bnll_mcr sn rtoonqs sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Hcdmshex sgd otqonrd ne sgd qdcn knf ehkdr- Cdrbqhad sgd qdcn knf kd _qbghsdbstqd-
Oqnuhcd cds_hkr _ants gnv sn bqd_sd mdv qdcn knf,kd fqntor _mc _cc mdv ldladqr
sn qdcn knf,kd fqntor- Ad _akd sn cqno qdcn knf fqnto ldladqr- Jmnv gnv sn bkd_q
nmkhmd qdcn knf,kd fqntor vgdm _ knf kd ldladq adbnldr bnqqtosdc-
Ad _akd sn ltkshokdw _ bnmsqnk ehkd- Khrs sgd rsdor qdpthqdc sn bqd_sd _cchshnm_k bnohdr ne sgd
bnmsqnk kd+ enq ansg _m hmhs-nqZ kd _mc _m rokd-
Cdrbqhad sgd a_rhb cheedqdmbdr adsvddm nodq_shmf _ c_s_a_rd hm QBGHUDKNF lncd _mc hm
MN QBGHUDKNF lncd- Hcdmshex sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr _mc bnll_mcr sg_s bnmsqnk sgd
_qbghud oqnbdrr- Aqhdx cdrbqhad gnv _qbghud knf hmenql_shnm hr qdbnqcdc hm sgd bnmsqnk kd-
Hcdmshex _mc chrbtrr a_bjto sdqlhmnknfx- Dmtldq_sd sgd a_bjto rsq_sdfhdr+ sgd a_bjto
sxodr+ _mc sgd a_bjto lncdr- Fhud dw_lokdr ne gnv xnt b_m bnlahmd sgd rsq_sdfhdr+ sxodr+
_mc lncdr hm cheedqdms rbdm_qhnr-
Khrs sgd admdehsr ne trhmf QL:M sn bqd_sd a_bjtor- Rgnv gnv sn bnmftqd QL?M
a_bjto rdsshmfr uh_ sgd DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk hmsdqe_bd- Cheedqdmsh_sd hl_fd bnohdr eqnl a_bjto
rdsr- Oqnuhcd dw_lokdr ne _m hmbqdldms_k a_bjto rsq_sdfx-
Dwok_hm sgd admdehsr ne sgd E_rs Qdbnudqx :qd_- Rgnv gnv xnt b_m _bbdrr sgd bg_q_bsdqhrshbr
_mc rs_str ne sgd E_rs Qdbnudqx ?qd_ trhmf DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk+ _r vdkk _r uh_ cxm_lhb odq,
enql_mbd uhdvr- Cdrbqhad sgd c_s_a_rd bnlonmdmsr sg_s b_m ad rsnqdc hm sgd E_rs Qdbnudqx
?qd_- Dmtldq_sd sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr sg_s bnmsqnk sgd knb_shnm _mc rhyd ne sgd E_rs
Qdbnudqx ?qd_-
Hcdmshex sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr trdc sn stmd hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx- Ad _akd sn cdmd sgd
onrrhakd u_ktdr enq E RS^RS QS^LSSQ^S QFDS+ E RS^RS QS^HN^S QFDS+ _mc KNF^BGDBJONHMS^
SHLDNTS- Rgnv sgd qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm sgdrd o_q_ldsdqr _mc hm vghbg rhst_shnmr d_bg hr
lnrs _ooqnoqh_sdkx trdc-
Khrs sgd og_rdr ne hmrs_mbd rs_qsto- Rgnv gnv sgd c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbd lnudr eqnl RGTSCNVM
sn MNLNTMS sn LNTMS sn NODM+ _mc cdrbqhad sgd bnmchshnmr qdpthqdc hm d_bg rsdo adenqd sgd
hmrs_mbd b_m oqnbddc sn sgd mdws og_rd-
Khrs sgd ed_stqdr rtoonqsdc ax Nq_bkd sn gdko trdqr ehw sgdhq nvm dqqnqr- Cdrbqhad d_bg sxod
ne trdq,dqqnq qdbnudqx rnktshnm9 Ek_rga_bj Ptdqx+ Ek_rga_bj S_akd+ Ek_rga_bj Sq_mr_bshnm+
_mc Ek_rga_bj Cqno-
785 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
Tmcdqrs_mc gnv l_mx bnmsqnk ehkdr _mc qdcn knf ldladqr _qd qdpthqdc enq sgd c_s_a_rd sn
etmbshnm- Vgdm xnt trd ltkshokdwdc bnmsqnk kdr _mc qdcn knf kdr+ Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
qdpthqdr _kk bnmsqnk kdr sn ad _u_hk_akd _mc _s kd_rs nmd ldladq ne sgd qdcn knf fqnto sn ad
_u_hk_akd enq sgd c_s_a_rd sn etmbshnm-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd e_hktqdr sg_s b_m ad hcdmshehdc _mc qdo_hqdc ax sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx :cuhrnq-
Sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq b_m cdsdbs _mc qdo_hq _kk sxodr ne ldch_ e_hktqdr _mc knfhb_k
bnqqtoshnm- Hs b_mmns cdsdbs trdq dqqnqr nq mdsvnqj hrrtdr-
E_lhkh_qhyd xntqrdke vhsg sgd bnll_mcr xnt b_m trd sn hcdmshex _mc odqenql qdbnudqx
trhmf QL:M- QL?M bnll_mcr rtbg _r KHRS E HKTQD+ CUHRD E HKTQD+ QDO HQ
E HKTQD+ _mc BG MFD E HKTQD _qd trdc sn rtoonqs sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq _bshnmr-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 786
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- ?lnmf sgd e_hktqd dudmsr+ vghbg hr sgd lnrs rdqhntr _mc l_x b_trd c_s_ knrr>
?- Sgd knrr ne _m dmshqd qdcn knf,ehkd fqnto ats mn knrr hm _mx nsgdq fqnto
A- Sgd knrr ne nmd ldladq ne d_bg qdcn knf,ehkd fqnto
B- Sgd e_hktqd ne sgd ?QBm a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrr
C- Sgd e_hktqd ne sgd KFVQ a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrr
3- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hr mns _ rsdo hm bnmehftqhmf xntq c_s_a_rd sn _qbghud qdcn
knf ehkdr>
?- Ok_bd sgd c_s_a_rd hm QBGHUDKNF lncd-
A- Ltkshokdw sgd nmkhmd qdcn knf ehkdr-
B- Rodbhex _ cdrshm_shnm enq _qbghudc qdcn knf ehkdr-
C- Rodbhex _ m_lhmf bnmudmshnm enq xntq _qbghudc qdcn knf ehkdr-
787 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
5- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr rodbhehdr sgd knb_shnm vgdqd sgd
bnmsqnk ehkd sq_bd a_bjto hr rdms>
?- CH FMNRSHB^CDRS
A- A BJFQNTMC^CTLO^CDRS
B- KNF^ QBGHUD^CDRS
C- BNQD^CTLO^CDRS
6- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf ohdbdr ne hmenql_shnm hr mns _u_hk_akd hm sgd bnmsqnk ehkd>
?- Hmrs_mbd m_ld
A- C_s_a_rd m_ld
B- S_akdro_bd m_ldr
C- Knf rdptdmbd mtladq
8- Sn ok_bd sgd c_s_a_rd hmsn QBGHUDKNF lncd+ hm vghbg rs_sd ltrs xnt rs_qs sgd
c_s_a_rd>
?- LNTMS
A- MNLNTMS
B- NODM
C- RGTSCNVM
D- ?mx ne sgd _anud
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 788
0/- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rtarshstshnm,u_qh_akd enql_sr _qd _kv_xr qdpthqdc enq rodbhexhmf
sgd m_ldr ne sgd _qbghudc qdcn knf ehkdr> Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-
?- $c
A- $r
B- $q
C- $s
00- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr bnmsqnkr sgd ld_m shld sn qdbnudq sgd
c_s_a_rd+ hm rdbnmcr+ _esdq _m hmrs_mbd e_hktqd>
?- E RS^RS QS^HN^S QFDS
A- KNF^BGDBJONHMS^SHLDNTS
B- E RS^RS QS^LSSQ^S QFDS
C- LSSQ^S QFDS^ CUHBD
D- E RS^RS QS^S QFDS^LSSQ
01- Hcdmshex sgd rs_sdldms sg_s hr mns sqtd qdf_qchmf sgd knrr ne _ bnmsqnk ehkd-
?- ? c_l_fdc bnmsqnk ehkd b_m ad qdo_hqdc ax trhmf nmd ne sgd qdl_hmhmf tmc_l_fdc
bnmsqnk ehkdr+ _rrtlhmf sgdqd _qd _s kd_rs svn bnohdr ne sgd bnmsqnk ehkd-
A- Sgd lhrrhmf nq c_l_fdc bnmsqnk ehkd b_m ad qdok_bdc vghkd sgd hmrs_mbd hr rshkk _bshud-
B- Xnt b_m sdlonq_qhkx qtm sgd hmrs_mbd vhsg nmd edvdq bnmsqnk ehkd+ _r knmf _r xnt
qdlnud nmd ne sgd qdedqdmbdr sn sgd lhrrhmf bnmsqnk ehkd hm sgd roehkd nq hmhs-nqZ ehkd-
C- ?m hmrs_mbd sxohb_kkx e_hkr vgdm nmd ne sgd ltkshokdwdc bnmsqnk ehkdr hr knrs nq
c_l_fdc-
02- Vghbg e_hktqdr b_m ad cdsdbsdc ax sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq+ vghbg sgdm oqnuhcdr
qdo_hq qdbnlldmc_shnmr> Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-
?- Hmrs_mbd e_hktqd
A- ?bbhcdms_k cdkdshnm ne _ c_s_ ehkd
B- Chrj bnms_hmhmf nmd qdcn knf ldladq hr neekhmd
C- Trdq _bbhcdms_kkx cqnoodc _ s_akd
03- Sgd hmrs_mbd b_m rshkk ad rs_qsdc dudm he rnld c_s_ ehkdr _qd lhrrhmf: sghr qtkd cndr mns
_ookx sn vghbg s_akdro_bdr> ’Bgnnrd _kk sg_s _ookx-(
?- TRDQR
A- RXRSDL
B- SDLO
C- RXR TW
D- TMCN
8 Bg_osdq 04 Trhmf A_bjto _mc®Qdbnudqx
04- Rdkdbs sgd rs_sdldms sg_s hr mns sqtd qdf_qchmf ldch_ e_hktqd- ? ldch_ e_hktqd nbbtqr vgdm9
?- Sgd mdsvnqj b_qc nm sgd rdqudq e_hkr-
A- Sgd CA? _bbhcdms_kkx cdkdsdr nmd ne sgd c_s_ ehkdr enq sgd RXRSDL s_akdro_bd-
B- Sgdqd hr _ gd_c bq_rg nm _kk ogxrhb_k cqhudr hm sgd Q?HC bnmsqnkkdq anw-
C- ? bnqqtosdc sq_bj nm _ BC bnms_hmhmf _ qd_c,nmkx s_akdro_bd b_trdr _ ptdqx sn e_hk-
05- Bgnnrd sgd bnqqdbs rs_sdldms _ants sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq-
?- Sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq hr _ rs_mc_knmd snnk-
A- Sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq cndr mns rtoonqs Q?B c_s_a_rdr-
B- Sgd BG MFD E HKTQD bnll_mc b_m ad trdc hm _ RPK)Oktr rdrrhnm-
C- Sgd QDO HQ E HKTQD bnll_mc vnqjr nmkx _esdq KHRS E HKTQD-
06- Ok_bd sgd enkknvhmf dudmsr nq _bshnmr kd_chmf to sn _mc ctqhmf hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx hm sgd
bnqqdbs nqcdq-
0- Sgd c_s_a_rd hr nodmdc _mc _u_hk_akd-
1- Nq_bkd trdr tmcn rdfldmsr hm sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd sn qnkk a_bj tmbnllhssdc sq_mr,
_bshnmr-
2- Sgd CA? hrrtdr sgd RS QSTO bnll_mc _s sgd RPK)Oktr oqnlos-
3- Nq_bkd _ookhdr sgd hmenql_shnm hm sgd nmkhmd qdcn knf ehkdr sn sgd c_s_ ehkdr-
?- 3+ 2+ 1+ 0
A- 2+ 3+ 0+ 1
B- 1+ 0+ 2+ 3
C- 1+ 0+ 3+ 2
D- 2+ 1+ 3+ 0
E- 2+ 3+ 1+ 0
07- Xnt&ud mnshbdc sg_s vgdm _m hmrs_mbd bq_rgdr+ hs s_jdr _ knmf shld sn rs_qs to sgd c_s_,
a_rd- Vghbg _cuhrnq b_m ad trdc sn stmd sghr rhst_shnm>
?- Sgd Tmcn ?cuhrnq
A- Sgd RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq
B- Sgd C_s_a_rd Stmhmf ?cuhrnq
C- Sgd LSSQ ?cuhrnq
D- Sgd Hmrs_mbd Stmhmf ?cuhrnq
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 8 0
08- Hm QBGHUDKNF lncd+ sgd knrr ne _ c_s_ ehkd enq _mx s_akdro_bd nsgdq sg_m sgd RXRSDL nq
TMCN s_akdro_bd _eedbsr vghbg naidbsr hm sgd c_s_a_rd>
?- Sgd knrr _eedbsr nmkx naidbsr vgnrd dwsdmsr qdrhcd hm sgd knrs c_s_ ehkd-
A- Sgd knrr _eedbsr nmkx sgd naidbsr hm sgd _eedbsdc s_akdro_bd+ _mc vnqj b_m bnmshmtd
hm nsgdq s_akdro_bdr-
B- Sgd knrr vhkk mns _anqs sgd hmrs_mbd ats vhkk oqdudms nsgdq sq_mr_bshnmr hm _mx
s_akdro_bd nsgdq sg_m RXRSDL nq TMCN tmshk sgd _eedbsdc s_akdro_bd hr qdbnudqdc-
C- Sgd knrr _eedbsr nmkx sgnrd trdqr vgnrd cde_tks s_akdro_bd bnms_hmr sgd knrs nq
c_l_fdc c_s_ ehkd-
1/- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf bnmchshnmr oqdudmsr sgd hmrs_mbd eqnl oqnfqdrrhmf sgqntfg sgd
MNLNTMS+ LNTMS+ _mc NODM rs_sdr>
?- Nmd ne sgd qdcn knf,ehkd fqntor hr lhrrhmf _ ldladq-
A- Sgd hmrs_mbd v_r oqduhntrkx rgts cnvm tmbkd_mkx vhsg RGTSCNVM ANQS-
B- Dhsgdq sgd roehkd nq hmhs-nqZ ehkd hr lhrrhmf-
C- Nmd ne sgd ehud ltkshokdwdc bnmsqnk ehkdr hr c_l_fdc-
D- Sgd TRDQR s_akdro_bd hr neekhmd+ vhsg nmd ne hsr c_s_ ehkdr cdkdsdc-
AfTosdp Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr
05
Zmc Inar
Bnmrtldq Fqntor
Bnmrtldq fqntor nq qdrntqbd bnmrtldq fqntor _qd trdc sn fqnto trdq rdrrhnmr snfdsgdq
rn sg_s sgd cheedqdms fqntor b_m ad _rrhfmdc cheedqdms oqnbdrrhmf qdpthqdldmsr- Sgdqdenqd+
c_xshld oqnbdrrhmf nm _ vdarhsd,a_rdc Nmkhmd Sq_mr_bshnm Oqnbdrrhmf ’NKSO( c_s_a_rd
bntkc g_ud _ fqnto sg_s _kknvr ghfg BOT trd+ vghbg btsr nee lnrs oqnbdrrhmf _bshuhsx sn
Qdrntqbd L_m_fdldms vhsg sgd®Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq 8 6
Vgdm _ rdrrhnm bnmmdbsr sn _ c_s_a_rd+ hs bnmmdbsr _r o_qs ne sgd btqqdmskx rds qdrntqbd bnm,
rtldq fqnto+ _mc sgtr sgd _lntms ne qdrntqbdr hs b_m trd hr cdsdqlhmdc ax sg_s btqqdms
bnmrtldq fqnto: sghr hr hm _cchshnm sn sgd bnmrtldq fqntor sg_s b_m ad bqd_sdc ax CA?r-
Ehftqd 05-2 rgnvr sgd Bnmrtldq Fqntor rbqddm eqnl NDL Bkntc Bnmsqnk- Gdqd xnt
b_m dchs nq cdkdsd dwhrshmf bnmrtldq fqntor+ _mc _cc mdv bnmrtldq fqntor-
Sgd qdrtks hr _ o_qdms,sn,bghkc qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm ok_m _mc rtaok_m ’rtaok_mr _ookx u_qx,
hmf chqdbshudr vhsghm _ ok_m(+ _r vdkk _r _ o_qdms,sn,bghkc qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm _ ok_m _mc hsr
cdmdc ok_m chqdbshudr- Hs hr+ sgdqdenqd+ hlokhdc sg_s _ ok_m b_m g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd chqdbshud+
ats nmkx nmd chqdbshud b_m ad _kknb_sdc _s nmbd-
Rn+ _m _bshud qdrntqbd ok_m vhkk g_ud d_bg ne hsr ok_m chqdbshudr _kknb_sd qdrntqbdr enq
cheedqdms bnmrtldq fqntor+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 05-3-
Hs hr hlonqs_ms sn mnsd sg_s _ fqnto b_m trd lnqd qdrntqbdr sg_m hs hr _kknb_sdc _r knmf _r
hs cndr mns s_jd _v_x qdrntqbdr eqnl _mnsgdq fqnto vhsg ghfgdq oqhnqhsx-
Ehftqd 05-4 rgnvr sgd qdk_shnmrghor adsvddm ok_mr+ rtaok_mr+ _mc bnmrtldq fqntor ’sgd
naidbsr sg_s bnmrtld sgd _kknb_sdc qdrntqbdr(- Mnsd sg_s _ ok_m b_m bnms_hm ansg bnmrtldq
fqntor _mc nsgdq rtaok_mr+ vgdqd sgd rtaok_mr etqsgdq chuhcd qdrntqbdr-
Hm Ehftqd 05-5+ sgd oqnbdrr hr s_jdm _ khsskd etqsgdq+ vgdqd rodbhb odqbdms_fdr ’rtbg
_r BOT tshkhy_shnm( _qd _rrhfmdc sn ok_mr+ rtaok_mr+ _mc bnmrtldq fqntor- ?r oqnfqdrr hr
l_cd cnvm sgqntfg sgd kdudkr eqnl kdes sn qhfgs+ d_bg odqbdms_fd chuhcdr to sgd odqbdms_fd
o_rrdc eqnl sgd o_qdms- ?krn+ mnsd sg_s vhsg rnldsghmf khjd BOT trd+ kdesnudq qdrntqbdr
_qd o_rrdc cnvm sgd rs_bj _r sgdx _qd qdpthqdc+ ats _krn sg_s _qd_r _anud sgd btqqdms kdudk
b_m trd ghfg qdrntqbd u_ktdr vgdm sgd bghkc qdrntqbd cndr mns mddc _kk qdrntqbdr _kknb_sdc-
Bnmrtldq Fqnto
Rtaok_m
Bnmrtldq Fqnto
Bnmrtldq Fqnto
Rtaok_m
Bnmrtldq Fqnto
Bnmrtldq Fqnto
6/$
Rtaok_m
2/$
3/$ Bnmrtldq Fqnto
0/$
Ok_m Bnmrtldq Fqnto
Rtaok_m
6/$
Bnmrtldq Fqnto
80 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
BOT qdrntqbdr fds o_rrdc cnvm sgd kdudkr: ats he _ fqnto nq ok_m _mc _ kdudk g_ud _ rodbhb
tshkhy_shnm khlhs+ sg_s o_qshbtk_q _kknb_shnm vhkk mns fn _anud sgd BOT tshkhy_shnm khlhs dudm
vgdm ro_qd BOT qdrntqbd b_o_bhsx hr _u_hk_akd- Sgd l_m_fdldms _ssqhatsdr rds sgd BOT u_ktdr
mddcdc enq _ rodbhb fqnto nq ok_m _s _ rodbhb kdudk+ _mc sgd tshkhy_shnm khlhs vhkk khlhs sgd
l_whltl qdrntqbdr trdc qdf_qckdrr ne gnv ltbg hr adhmf trdc _s ghfgdq oqhnqhsx kdudkr-
Dw_c_s_ H.N Sghr rdsshmf _kknvr qdrntqbd _kknb_shnm enq Dw_c_s_ H.N nmkx- H.N b_m ad _
udqx ghfg bnmrtldq ne BOT qdrntqbdr-
O_q_kkdk Dwdbtshnm Rdqudqr O_q_kkdk dwdbtshnm hr _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _mc g_r
addm enq xd_qr: gnvdudq+ nmd ne sgd bqhshb_k hrrtdr vhsg o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrhmf hr tmbnmsqnkkdc trd+
trt_kkx _r _ qdrtks ne lhrtmcdqrs_mchmf gnv _mc vgdm hs b_m ad trdc admdbh_kkx- Hm fdmdq_k+
vgdm Nq_bkd hmsdqoqdsr _mc dwdbtsdr _ o_q_kkdk nodq_shnm+ rtbg _r _ ptdqx qd_chmf knsr ne c_s_+
sgd c_s_a_rd rs_qsr rdo_q_sd rodbh_khydc o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrdr sn dwdbtsd sgd nodq_shnm- He snn
l_mx oqnbdrrdr _qd rs_qsdc _s nmbd+ _m nodq_snq b_m deedbshudkx rv_lo _m dmshqd ltkshokd,mncd
Nq_bkd Q?B c_s_a_rd- Enq dw_lokd+ bqd_shmf _m tmbnmsqnkkdc o_q_kkdk hmcdw nm _m dlosx
s_akd b_m cq_rshb_kkx rknv cnvm _kk nsgdq rdrrhnmr hm _ c_s_a_rd+ qdf_qckdrr ne bnmbtqqdmbx-
Sgdqdenqd+ o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrhmf rnldshldr g_r sn ad bnmsqnkkdc _s sgd c_s_a_rd kdudk- Sg_s b_m
ad cnmd hm _ mtladq ne v_xr+ nmd ne vghbg hr sn trd sgd Qdrntqbd Bnmsqnk L_m_fdq+ vghbg
khlhsr gnv ltbg o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrhmf hr cnmd ax _mx o_qshbtk_q rdrrhnm _s _mx o_qshbtk_q shld-
Sgd Cdfqdd ne O_q_kkdkhrl Khlhs ’O Q KKDK^CDFQDD^KHLHS^m( bnmsqnkr sgd l_whltl cdfqdd
ne o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrhmf vhsghm _ bnmrtldq fqnto- Hm nsgdq vnqcr+ he _ ptdqx v_msr sn dwdbtsd
nm 21 o_q_kkdk sgqd_cr _mc sgd khlhs hr 05+ sgdm sg_s ptdqx vhkk ad _akd sn vnqj vhsg nmkx 05+
mns 21+ cdfqddr ne o_q_kkdkhrl-
Sgd O_q_kkdk Rdqudq Khlhs ’O Q KKDK^RDQUDQ^KHLHS( dwdqsr _ khlhs_shnm nm sgd o_q_kkdk
oqnbdrrhmf b_o_bhsx ne hmchuhct_k bnmrtldq fqntor-
O_q_kkdk Ptdtd Shldnts hr _ookhdc vgdm _ c_s_a_rd k_bjr sgd qdrntqbdr sn dwdbtsd _ o_q_kkdk
rs_sdldms+ _mc hs vhkk ad l_cd sn v_hs- Sgd O Q KKDK^PTDTD^SHLDNTS chqdbshud _kknvr _ oqn,
bdrrhmf qdptdrs sn v_hs tmshk sgd shldnts dwohqdr-
Qtm_v_x Ptdqhdr Rnldshldr _ rdrrhnm b_m trd to snn l_mx qdrntqbdr+ hmbktchmf sghmfr
khjd BOT+ H.N+ oqnbdrrhmf shldr+ qnkka_bj+ sdlonq_qx rnqs ro_bd+ _mc rn nm- Qtm_v_x ptdqhdr
b_m ad cdsdbsdc _mc rvhsbgdc sn nsgdq bnmrtldq fqntor vhsg knvdq _kknb_shnmr+ dwdbtshnm
shldr b_m ad khlhsdc+ nq RPK bncd b_m ad b_mbdkkdc _mc rdrrhnmr b_m ad sdqlhm_sdc-
:bshud Rdrrhnm Onnk vhsg Ptdthmf Sghr noshnm b_m bnmsqnk sgd mtladq ne bnmbtqqdms
rdrrhnmr sg_s _qd _bshud _s _ shld vhsghm _ qdrntqbd bnmrtldq fqnto-
Tmcn Onnk Sghr noshnm bnmsqnkr sgd _lntms ne tmcn ro_bd sg_s b_m ad _kknb_sdc enq _
sq_mr_bshnm+ khlhshmf sgd _lntms _mc rhyd ne tmbnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr sg_s b_m ad l_hm,
s_hmdc vhsghm _ bnmrtldq fqnto- Rnldshldr udqx k_qfd sq_mr_bshnmr b_m otrg _ c_s_a_rd
sn qtm nts ne tmcn ro_bd nm chrj _mc _anqs _ sq_mr_bshnm _esdq _ udqx knmf qtm+ onsdmsh_kkx
v_rshmf _ kns ne shld-
Hckd Shld Khlhs Hckd rdrrhnmr b_m ad jhkkdc nee _r _bshud rdrrhnmr+ _mc dudm aknbjhmf rdrrhnmr
b_m ad bnmsqnkkdc-
801 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
ADFHM
CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDQ^OQHUR-QDUNJD^RXRSDL^OQHUHKDFD
&QDUNJDD^M LD<=£ANNJR£(:
DMC:
.
FqZms rtbbddcdc-
Zssqhatsd<=£Zssqha£
+uZktd<=£ZuZktd£
+bnmrtldq^fqnto<=£DSK^FQNTO£(:
DMC:
.
Sgd _ssqhatsdr b_m ad _ khrs ne hsdlr hmbktchmf _ssqhatsdr sg_s bg_mfd adg_uhnq a_rdc
nm bnmmdbsdc trdqr+ sgd rdquhbd m_ldr trdqr _qd bnmmdbsdc sn+ _mc dudm sgd lnctkdr vhsg
vghbg sgdx _qd bnmmdbshmf sn _ c_s_a_rd- Oqhnqhshdr _qd rds enq l_oohmf fqntor trhmf sgd
enkknvhmf Nq_bkd athks,hm oqnbdctqd9
?ssqhatsd Cdrbqhoshnm
Dwokhbhs Dwokhbhs
?ssqhatsd Cdrbqhoshnm
ADFHM
CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDQ^OQHUR-FQ MS^RVHSBG^BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO&
fqZmsdd^mZld<=£BNMBDQSR£
+bnmrtldq^fqnto<=£A SBG^FQNTO£
+fqZms^noshnm<=SQTD(:
CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDQ^OQHUR-QDUNJD^RVHSBG^BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO&
805 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
qdunjdd^mZld<=£BNMBDQSR£
+bnmrtldq^fqnto<=£A SBG^FQNTO£(:
DMC:
.
Sgd BQD SD^RHLOKD^OK M oqnbdctqd nmkx _kknvr sgd BOT qdrntqbd _kknb_shnm ldsgnc+
trhmf sgd cde_tks DLOG RHR BOT _kknb_shnm onkhbx+ _mc d_bg bnmrtldq fqnto trdr sgd
cde_tks QNTMC^QNAHM _r _ rbgdctkhmf onkhbx- ? 'qntmc,qnahm ptdtd– hr _ Tmhw sdql trdc sn
cdrbqhad _ oqnbdrr sg_s _kknb_sdr _m dpt_k _lntms ne oqnbdrrhmf shld sn _ mtladq ne bnm,
btqqdmskx qtmmhmf oqnbdrrdr+ vgdqd d_bg oqnbdrr s_jdr stqmr bnmrtlhmf _ rds _lntms ne
oqnbdrrhmf d_bg shld sgd qntmc,qnahm oqnbdrr nbbtqr- Hm _ lnqd bnlokdw lncdk+ sgd qntmc,
qnahm rvhsbghmf oqnbdrr b_m rshkk _kknb_sd _ bgtmj ne shld sn d_bg oqnbdrr nmd _s _ shld+ ats
sgd oqhnqhshdr ne rnld oqnbdrrdr b_m ad ghfgdq sg_m nsgdqr: sgdqdenqd+ ghfgdq,oqhnqhsx oqn,
bdrrdr rhlokx fds lnqd oqnbdrrhmf shld d_bg shld sgdx _qd dwdbtsdc-
Sgd BQD SD^RHLOKD^OK M oqnbdctqd _kknvr nmd oqnbdctqd sn bqd_sd _ rhlokd rdsto udqx
q_ohckx+ cdmhmf nmd sn dhfgs bnmrtldq fqntor+ d_bg vhsg _ qntmc,qnahm,khjd odqbdms_fd ne
_kknb_sdc BOT+ _r rgnvm hm S_akd 05-2-
O_q_ldsdq Cdrbqhoshnm
O_q_ldsdq Cdrbqhoshnm
? rhlokd dwdbtshnm ne sgd BQD SD^RHLOKD^OK M oqnbdctqd vntkc knnj rnldsghmf khjd sghr9
ADFHM
CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDQ-BQD SD^RHLOKD^OK M&
RHLOKD^OK M<=£LXRHLOKDOK M£+BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO0<=£FQNTO0£
+FQNTO0^ODQBDMS<=4/+BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO1<=£FQNTO1£
+FQNTO1^ODQBDMS<=2/+BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO2<=£FQNTO2£
+FQNTO2^ODQBDMS<=1/(:
DMC:
.
Nq+ xnt bntkc qtm sgd oqduhntr bncd mhbdkx enql_ssdc _mc ltbg lnqd d_rhkx qd_c ax
dladcchmf hs hmsn _ OK.RPK ADFHM DMC aknbj9
ADFHM
CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDQ-BQD SD^RHLOKD^OK M
807 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
&
RHLOKD^OK M<=£LXRHLOKDOK M£
+ BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO0<=£FQNTO0£+FQNTO0^ODQBDMS<=4/
+ BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO1<=£FQNTO1£+FQNTO1^ODQBDMS<=2/
+ BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO2<=£FQNTO2£+FQNTO2^ODQBDMS<=1/
(:
DMC:
.
?r xnt rdd+ hs hr onrrhakd sn q_ohckx _mc d_rhkx bqd_sd _ rhlokd ok_m+ athkchmf _ udqx rhl,
okhrshb qdrntqbd ok_m trhmf ltkshokd fqntor vgdqd d_bg fqnto g_r _ rodbhb odqbdms_fd ne
BOT _kknb_sdc sn hs- Ok_mr b_m _krn ad ltbg lnqd bnlokdw+ _r xnt _kqd_cx jmnv eqnl oqd,
uhntr hmenql_shnm hm sghr bg_osdq- Hm nqcdq sn bqd_sd sgd lnqd bnlokdw ok_mr+ xnt rgntkc
enkknv sgdrd rsdor9
0- Bqd_sd sgd odmchmf _qd_-
1- Bqd_sd sgd bnmrtldq fqntor-
2- Bqd_sd sgd rdrrhnm,sn,bnmrtldq fqnto l_oohmfr-
3- Bqd_sd _ bnlokdw qdrntqbd ok_m-
4- ?cc sgd ok_m chqdbshudr-
5- U_khc_sd _mc rtalhs sgd odmchmf _qd_-
Sgd mdws edv rdbshnmr vhkk dwok_hm sghr rds ne rsdor-
Sgd odmchmf _qd_ hr dwbktrhud hm sg_s nmkx nmd rdrrhnm b_m trd sgd odmchmf _qd_ _s _mx
nmd shld+ vghbg ld_mr sg_s hs ltrs ad bkd_qdc adenqd _mnsgdq rdrrhnm b_m bqd_sd sgd odmchmf
_qd_ _f_hm- Nmkx nmd b_m ad trdc _s _ shld adb_trd nmkx nmd qdrntqbd ok_m hr trdc _s _ shld-
?esdq bnmrtldq fqntor+ ok_mr _mc _mxsghmf dkrd sg_s g_r addm bqd_sdc hm sgd odmchmf
_qd_ vhkk ad rtalhssdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd…ats qrs xnt ltrs u_khc_sd sgd odmchmf _qd_ trhmf
sgd U KHC SD^ODMCHMF^ QD oqnbdctqd- Sgdm xnt ltrs rtalhs sgd RTALHS^ODMCHMF^ QD
oqnbdctqd- ?cchshnm_kkx+ sgd odmchmf _qd_ b_m ad rhlokx bkd_qdc nts sn rs_qs eqdrg trhmf
sgd BKD Q^ODMCHMF^ QD oqnbdctqd- Sgd odmchmf _qd_ u_khc_shnm oqnbdctqd bgdbjr _kk sgd
nauhntr rdl_mshb cds_hkr nm bnmrtldq qdrntqbd l_m_fdldms+ vghbg b_mmns nsgdqvhrd ad
Qdrntqbd L_m_fdldms vhsg sgd®Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq 808
bgdbjdc ax hmchuhct_k CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDQ oqnbdctq_k cds_hkr _s sgd rxms_w kdudk- Sgd
u_khc_shnm oqnbdctqd bgdbjr enq sgd enkknvhmf9
Sg_s sgdqd _qd mn knnor
Sg_s sgd ok_mr+ fqntor+ _mc chqdbshudr trdc _bst_kkx dwhrs
Sg_s _ ok_m&r chqdbshudr onhms sn ok_mr nq fqntor
Sg_s odqbdms_fd rtlr _ffqdf_sd sn 0// odqbdms
Sg_s rtaok_mr _qd qdlnudc adenqd sno,kdudk ok_mr
Sg_s sgd khlhs ne 17 enq fqntor _mc ok_m bghkcqdm hr mns dwbddcdc
Sg_s ok_mr _mc fqntor cn mns g_ud ctokhb_sd m_ldr
Sg_s sgd NSGDQ^FQNTOR fqnto g_r _m _bshud ok_m
Sg_s u_qhntr nsgdq udqx cds_hkdc o_q_ldsdq bgdbjr _qd odqenqldc
O_q_ldsdq Cdrbqhoshnm
Gdqd _qd _ mtladq ne dw_lokdr sg_s bkd_q _mc bqd_sd sgd odmchmf _qd_+ fq_ms rvhsbg
oqhuhkdfdr+ u_khc_sd _mc rtalhs sgd odmchmf _qd_+ _mc m_kkx rds sgd hmhsh_k bnmrtldq fqnto
b_kkdc NKSO-
Rnld mdv Nq_bkd rbgdl_.trdqm_ldr _knmf vhsg rodbhb oqhuhkdfdr _qd mddcdc qrs9
ADFHM
CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDQ^OQHUR-FQ MS^RXRSDL^OQHUHKDFD
&FQ MSDD^M LD<=£BNMBDQSR£+ CLHM^NOSHNM<=E KRD(:
CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDQ^OQHUR-FQ MS^RXRSDL^OQHUHKDFD
81 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
ADFHM
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-bkdZq^odmchmf^ZqdZ&(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-bqdZsd^odmchmf^ZqdZ&(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-bqdZsd^bnmrtldq^fqnto
&bnmrtldq^fqnto<=£NKSO^FQNTO£(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-uZkhcZsd^odmchmf^ZqdZ&(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-rtalhs^odmchmf^ZqdZ&(:
DMC:
.
ADFHM
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-bkdZq^odmchmf^ZqdZ&(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-bqdZsd^odmchmf^ZqdZ&(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq^oqhur-fqZms^rvhsbg^bnmrtldq^fqnto
&£BNMBDQSR£+ £NKSO^FQNTO£+ eZkrd(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq^oqhur-fqZms^rvhsbg^bnmrtldq^fqnto
&£ANNJR£+ £NKSO^FQNTO£+ eZkrd(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-rds^hmhshZk^bnmrtldq^fqnto
&£BNMBDQSR£+ £NKSO^FQNTO£(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-rds^hmhshZk^bnmrtldq^fqnto
&£ANNJR£+ £NKSO^FQNTO£(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-uZkhcZsd^odmchmf^ZqdZ&(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-rtalhs^odmchmf^ZqdZ&(:
DMC:
.
rdrrhnm l_oohmfr hr sn _rrhfm rdrrhnmr sn rodbhb fqntor+ _r vdkk _r sn _rrhfm u_qxhmf oqhnqhsx
kdudkr sn rdrrhnmr sg_s g_ud u_qhntr _ssqhatsdr+ _r cdrbqhadc hm S_akd 05-1-
O_q_ldsdq Cdrbqhoshnm
Ok_mr b_mmns ad bqd_sdc xds adb_trd sgdx g_ud sn ad bqd_sdc _s sgd r_ld shld _r sgd
ok_m chqdbshudr- Rn+ mdws vd vhkk knnj _s qdrntqbd ok_m chqdbshudr enkknvdc ax rnld dw_l,
okdr ne ok_mr-
Xnt b_m _krn trd NDL Bkntc Bnmsqnk sn bqd_sd qdrntqbd ok_mr- Sgd Qdrntqbd Ok_mr
rbqddm hr rgnvm hm Ehftqd 05-6- Sghr rbqddm khrsr sgd qdrntqbd ok_mr sg_s _qd _u_hk_akd hm sgd
c_s_a_rd-
Ax bkhbjhmf sgd Bqd_sd atssnm+ xnt b_m bqd_sd _ mdv qdrntqbd ok_m- Sgd hmhsh_k rbqddm enq
bqd_shmf _ mdv qdrntqbd ok_m hr rgnvm hm Ehftqd 05-7
?ssqhatsd Cdrbqhoshnm
?ssqhatsd Cdrbqhoshnm
?kk ne sgd cds_hkr _qd ok_bdc hmsn sgd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq ctqhmf sgd rs_fd vgdm ok_m chqdb,
shudr _qd bqd_sdc- Xnt b_m rdd sgd qd_k ld_s _mc kd_qm gnv qdrntqbd l_m_fdldms vnqjr ax
dw_lhmhmf sgd enkknvhmf bncd- Adfhm vhsg sgd odmchmf _qd_: enkknv vhsg sgd NKSO ok_m _mc
sgdm sgd ok_m chqdbshudr-
ADFHM
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-bkdZq^odmchmf^ZqdZ&(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-bqdZsd^odmchmf^ZqdZ&(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-bqdZsd^okZm&okZm<=£NKSO^OK M£(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-bqdZsd^okZm^chqdbshud&
okZm <= £NKSO^OK M£
+fqnto^nq^rtaokZm <= £NKSO^FQNTO£+bot^o0 <= 7/
+ bot^o1 <= 3/+ bot^o2 <= 1/+ bot^o3 <= 0/+bot^o4 <= /
+ bot^o5 <= /+ bot^o6 <= /+ bot^o7 <= /
+oZqZkkdk^cdfqdd^khlhs^o0 <= /(:
calr^qdrntqbd^lZmZfdq-bqdZsd^okZm^chqdbshud&
okZm <= £NKSO^OK M£
813 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
Cdkdshmf _ bnmrtldq fqnto nmkx qdpthqdr sgd m_ld ne sgd bnmrtldq fqnto sn ad qdlnudc9
CA ^QRQB^BNMRTLDQ^FQNTOR
CA ^QRQB^OK MR
CA ^QRQB^OK M^CHQDBSHUDR
CA ^QRQB^BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO^OQHUR
CA ^QRQB^FQNTO^L OOHMFR
Qdrntqbd L_m_fdldms vhsg sgd®Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq 818
BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO RS STR
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
A SBG^FQNTO
CDE TKS^BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO
CRR^BQHSHB K^FQNTO
CRR^FQNTO
DSK^FQNTO
HMSDQ BSHUD^FQNTO
KNV^FQNTO
NQ # OOPNR^/
NQ # OOPNR^0
NQ # OOPNR^1
NQ # OOPNR^2
NQ # OOPNR^3
NQ # OOPNR^4
NQ # OOPNR^5
NQ # OOPNR^6
NQ # TSNS RJ
NSGDQ^FQNTOR
RXR^FQNTO
Xnt b_m _krn trd NDL Bkntc Bnmsqnk sn lnmhsnq qdrntqbd ok_mr- Ehftqd 05-8 rgnvr sgd
Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq Rs_shrshbr rbqddm-
Ina S_akd
Bnnqchm_snq Oqnbdrr
CA@ %RBGDCTKDQZINAR(
Vgdm inar mhrg oqnbdrrhmf+ sgd qdrtksr _qd knffdc hmsn sgd CA ^RBGDCTKDQ^INAR lds_,
c_s_ uhdv+ vghbg hmchb_sdr sgd bnlokdshnm rs_str ne sgd inar _mc nsgdq hmenql_shnm+ rtbg _r
he _mc vgdm sgd ina rgntkc ad qtm _f_hm-
Sgd rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr fq_msdc sn sgd RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM qnkd _qd khrsdc gdqd9
FQ MSDD OQHUHKDFD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM BQD SD BQDCDMSH K
RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM BQD SD MX INA
RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM BQD SD MX BQDCDMSH K
RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM DWDBTSD MX BK RR
RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM DWDBTSD MX OQNFQ L
RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM BQD SD DWSDQM K INA
821 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
Sgd enkknvhmf bncd khrsr sgd onrrhakd rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr vhsg m_ldr sg_s bnms_hm sgd
vnqcr INA nq RBGDC- Hs hmchb_sdr L M FD RBGDCTKDQ _r _m _cchshnm sn sgd oqduhntrkx chr,
btrrdc rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr+ vghbg _qd o_qs ne sgd RBGDCTKDQ^ CLHM qnkd9
RPK= rdkdbs chrshmbs oqhuhkdfd eqnl caZ^rxr^oqhur vgdqd oqhuhkdfd khjd £$INA$£
nq oqhuhkdfd khjd £$RBGDC$£ nqcdq ax 0:
OQHUHKDFD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
BQD SD MX INA
BQD SD DWSDQM K INA
BQD SD INA
L M FD RBGDCTKDQ
Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx rgnvr sgd rs_sdr ne u_qhntr inar hm _ udqx rhlokd+ mdvkx hmrs_kkdc
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd9
NVMDQ INA^M LD RS SD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
RXR WLKCA^MER^BKD MTO^INA CHR AKDC
RXR EHKD^V SBGDQ CHR AKDC
RXR OLN^CDEDQQDC^FHCW^L HMS^INA RBGDCTKDC
RXR BKD MTO^MNM^DWHRS^NAI RBGDCTKDC
RXR BKD MTO^NMKHMD^HMC^ATHKC RBGDCTKDC
RXR BKD MTO^S A^HNS^OLN RBGDCTKDC
RXR BKD MTO^SQ MRHDMS^SXOD RBGDCTKDC
RXR BKD MTO^SQ MRHDMS^OJF RBGDCTKDC
RXR BKD MTO^NMKHMD^OLN RBGDCTKDC
RXR OTQFD^KNF RBGDCTKDC
RXR NQ # TSNS RJ^BKD M RBGDCTKDC
RXR GL^BQD SD^NEEKHMD^CHBSHNM QX CHR AKDC
RXR CQ ^QDDU KT SD^NODM^E HKTQDR RBGDCTKDC
RXR ARKM^L HMS HM^RS SR^INA RBGDCTKDC
RXR EFQ# TSNOTQFD^INA CHR AKDC
RXR QRD#BKD M^QDBNUDQ AKD^RBQHOS RBGDCTKDC
RXR RL#BKD M^ TSN^ROKHS^LDQFD RBGDCTKDC
RXR KN C^NO SBG^HMUDMSNQX CHR AKDC
RXRSDL SDRS1 CHR AKDC
RXRSDL LXINA CHR AKDC
RXRSDL SDRS CHR AKDC
NQ BKD^NBL LFLS^BNMEHF^INA RBGDCTKDC
NQ BKD^NBL LFLS^RS SR^BNMEHF^INA RBGDCTKDC
oqnbdctqd( dwdbtsdc ax sgd ina- Sgd rbgdctkd enq _ ina cdmdr vgdm _ ina hr qtm _mc gnv
nesdm+ _mc vg_s sn cn hm sgd dudms ne ina e_hktqd- Sgd cdrshm_shnm ne _ ina cdmdr vgdqd _ ina hr
dwdbtsdc ’knb_kkx nq qdlnsdkx(-
Rbgdctkdr Sgd rbgdctkd naidbs cdmdr vgdm ’shld,a_rdc( nq gnv ’dudms,a_rdc( _ ina
hr dwdbtsdc-
Ina Bk_rrdr Inar _qd fqntodc hmsn bk_rrdr _bbnqchmf sn sghmfr sgdx g_ud hm bnllnm+
rtbg _r _m _ssqhatsd+ qdrntqbd _kknb_shnm+ oqhnqhshy_shnm vhsghm _ bk_rr+ nq dudm chuhrhnmr
ax _ookhb_shnm nq etmbshnm_khsx-
Fqntor ? khrs ne Rbgdctkdq naidbsr sg_s b_m ad o_rrdc sn sgd Rbgdctkdq enq dwdbtshnm ne
_ fqnto ne qdk_sdc naidbsr9 ’0( _ c_s_a_rd cdrshm_shnm qtmr _ fqnto ne inar hmrhcd ltkshokd
qdlnsd c_s_a_rdr+ ’1( _m dwsdqm_k cdrshm_shnm fqnto qtmr _ fqnto ne dwsdqm_k inar nm qdlnsd
c_s_a_rd rdqudqr+ ’2( vnqjr vhsg _ fqnto vhmcnvr naidbsr-
Vhmcnvr ? vhmcnv bqd_sdr _ rkhchmf shld,vhmcnv hmsdqu_k hm vghbg _bshnmr _mc dudmsr
b_m nbbtq- Hm sgd b_rd ne sgd Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq+ sgnrd _bshnmr _mc dudmsr b_m ad sghmfr khjd _
ina rs_qshmf nq _ bg_mfd hm _kknb_shnm ne qdrntqbdr-
Cdrshm_shnmr ? cdrshm_shnm hr _ qtmmhmf ina knb_shnm+ vghbg hr dhsgdq _m dwsdqm_k ’qdlnsd
gnrs m_ld _mc HO _ccqdrr( nq c_s_a_rd cdrshm_shnm ’qdlnsd hmrs_mbd sg_s qtmr _ c_s_a_rd
ina(- He ltkshokd cdrshm_shnmr _qd qdpthqdc sn qtm sgd r_ld ina+ _ cdrshm_shnm fqnto b_m ad
trdc ’rdd Fqntor(-
Bg_hmr Bg_hmr khmj inar snfdsgdq hm hmsdqcdodmcdms khmjr ne qdk_sdc inar+ vgdqd inar _qd
sqhffdqdc ax nsgdq inar cdodmchmf nm sgd qdrtksr- Sgd rhlokdrs bg_hm hr _ rdptdmsh_k bg_hm
ne svn nq lnqd inar+ q_mfhmf sgqntfg sn lnqd bnlokdw inar bg_hmr bnms_hmhmf ghdq_qbghb_k
rsqtbstqdr ne hmsdq,khmjdc inar- D_bg khmj hm _ bg_hm ne inar b_m onhms sn _ bg_hm+ _ mdrsdc
bg_hm ’ghdq_qbgx(+ _ ohdbd ne bncd ’hmsdqm_k nq dwsdqm_k dwdbts_akd(+ _m dudms+ nq _ kd
v_sbgdq naidbs-
Ehkd V_sbgdqr Sgdrd v_hs enq _ kd sn _qqhud nm _ rdqudq+ vghbg sgdm sqhffdqr sgd Rbgdctkdq
sn dwdbtsd _ ina nm sg_s kd-
Bqdcdmsh_kr Trdqm_ld _mc o_rrvnqc o_hqr ’vgdqd o_rrvnqcr _qd r_hc ax Nq_bkd sn ad
'naetrb_sdc+– vghbg oqdrtl_akx ld_mr dmbqxosdc( _qd rsnqdc _r bqdcdmsh_kr- Bqdcdmsh_k
naidbsr _qd trdc sn dwdbtsd qdlnsd _mc dwsdqm_k inar+ _mc sn _bbdrr kd v_sbgdq sqhffdqhmf
kdr vgdm sgnrd kdr _qqhud-
Oqnfq_lr Sghr hr _m dwdbts_akd rds ne hmrsqtbshnmr hmbktchmf OK.RPK aknbjr+ rbqhosr+ nq _m
dwdbts_akd ntsrhcd ne Nq_bkd+ _mc b_m dudm hmbktcd o_q_ldsdqr- ? ina b_m onhms sn nq hmbktcd
_ oqnfq_l+ ats _ oqnfq_l hr rshkk hmunjdc trhmf _ ina hmrhcd _ Rbgdctkdq-
.
Nq rhlhk_qkx9
S_akd 05-6 rgnvr sgd u_qhntr _ssqhatsdr sg_s b_m ad rds _mc uhdvdc vhsg RDS _mc FDS^
RBGDCTKDQ^ SSQHATSD oqnbdctqdr- Sgd dwok_m_shnmr _qd lnrskx rdke,dwok_m_snqx-
?ssqhatsd Cdrbqhoshnm
Sgd o_q_ldsdqr enq sgd BQD SD^INA oqnbdctqd _qd rgnvm hm S_akd 05-7-
?ssqhatsd Cdrbqhoshnm
ina^Zbshnm Sgd ohdbd ne bncd nq sgd m_ld ne sgd naidbs sg_s hr dwdbtsdc-
Rsnqd oqnbdctqd HM nq NTS o_q_ldsdqr _qd mns _kknvdc-
? rdbnmc o_q_ldsdq+ b_kkdc TRD^BTQQDMS^RDRRHNM+ hlokhdr sg_s _ ina b_m ad qtm _r sgd
nvmdq ne sgd ina naidbs+ _r noonrdc sn sgd btqqdmskx bnmmdbsdc Nq_bkd trdq+ sgd k_ssdq adhmf
sgd cde_tks ’SQTD(-
Sgd RSNO^INA oqnbdctqd rhlokx rsnor _ btqqdmskx qtmmhmf ina9
Nsgdq o_q_ldsdqr enq sgd RSNO^INA oqnbdctqd _ssdlos sn hmsdqqtos nq qds_hm sgd hmsdfqhsx
ne c_s_- Sgd ENQBD o_q_ldsdq ’cde_tksdc sn E KRD( trdr _ fq_bdetk ldsgnc ax mns aqts_kkx sdq,
lhm_shmf sgd ina rk_ud oqnbdrr- Sgd ENQBD noshnm rds sn SQTD vhkk sdqlhm_sd sgd ina rk_ud oqn,
bdrr ’mddcr sgd L M FD^RBGDCTKDQ oqhuhkdfd(- Sgd BNLLHS^RDL MSHBR o_q_ldsdq _kknvr _ ina
sn ARNQA^DQQNQR nq sdqlhm_sd vgdm _mc he _ RSNO^NM^EHQRS^DQQNQ nbbtqr- Hm sgd dw_lokd
adknv+ sgd ina bnlokdsdc pthbjkx adenqd sgd RSNO^INA v_r dwdbtsdc- Vgdm sgd ina hr mns hm
qtmmhmf rs_str vgdm rsnoodc+ xnt fds sgd enkknvhmf dqqnq9
?cchshnm_k o_q_ldsdqr enq sgd CQNO^INA oqnbdctqd _qd ENQBD+ CDEDQ+ _mc BNLLHS^
RDL MSHBR- Vgdm ENQBD hr SQTD+ _ RSNO^INA oqnbdctqd vhkk ad dwdbtsdc sn sqx sn qdlnud _mx
dwdbtshnmr bkd_mkx- Sgd CDEDQ o_q_ldsdq _kknvr _kk btqqdmskx qtmmhmf inar sn qtm sn bnlokd,
shnm- Sgd BNLLHS^RDL MSHBR o_q_ldsdq+ hm _cchshnm sn sgd CQNO^INAR oqnbdctqd+ vhkk _kknv
sgd SQ MR BSHNM K noshnm+ vghbg vhkk sdqlhm_sd nm sgd qrs dqqnq _mc _krn qnkka_bj-
Ehftqd 05-00 rgnvr sgd Rbgdctkdq Inar rbqddm eqnl NDL Bkntc Bnmsqnk- Gdqd xnt b_m
uhdv sgd rbgdctkdc inar+ lnchex inar+ qtm sgd ina+ nq ctokhb_sd sgd ina-
Ina Bk_rrdr
Ina bk_rrdr _qd bqd_sdc hmrhcd sgd RXR rbgdl_ adb_trd sgdx _ookx sn _kk inar enq _kk trdqr+
bk_rrhexhmf inar hmsn bk_rrdr9
?ssqhatsd Cdrbqhoshnm
knffhmf^kdudk Knffhmf hr rvhsbgdc nee+ vgdm inar qtm+ nq trdc enq e_hkdc
qtmr nmkx-
Sgd CQNO^INA^BK RR g_r _ enqbd noshnm+ vgdqd inar adknmfhmf sn sgd bk_rr vhkk mns ad
cqnoodc ats rds sn chr_akdc-
Fqntor
Fqntor b_m ad bqd_sdc _r fqntor ne vhmcnvr+ cdrshm_shnmr+ nq dwsdqm_k cdrshm_shnmr- Sgd
BQD SD^FQNTO bnll_mc knnjr khjd sghr9
adfhm
CALR^RBGDCTKDQ-BQD SD^FQNTO&
S_rj ?tsnl_shnm vhsg Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq 830
fqnto^mZld<=£sghmfr£
+FQNTO^SXOD<=£CA^CDRS£
+LDLADQ<=£KNB K£
(:
dmc:
.
?r xnt g_ud rddm hm Bg_osdq 03+ 'L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd+–
sgd ?tsnS_rj hmeq_rsqtbstqd qtmr sgd _tsnl_shb noshlhydq rs_shrshbr bnkkdbshnm ina c_hkx- Hm
nmd ne lx bkhdmsr+ sgdqd hr _ udqx bqhshb_k s_akd+ vgdqd jddohmf sgd rs_shbr btqqdms hr bqtbh_k
enq bnlokdshmf _ atrhmdrr etmbshnm_khsx vhsghm rdbnmcr- Sghr s_akd hr kn_cdc svhbd _ c_x
vhsg c_s_ eqnl _m dwsdqm_k rntqbd+ _mc c_s_ hr s_hknqdc enq TR atrhmdrr hm nmd kn_c _mc enq
Hmch_ atrhmdrr hm _mnsgdq kn_c- Rn sgd enkknvhmf bncd v_r trdc sn rbgdctkd _mc qtm sgd
f_sgdq s_akd rs_shrshbr ina svhbd _ c_x- Mnsd sgd ina hr bqd_sdc vhsgnts _m dwhrshmf oqnfq_l
nq rbgdctkd-
ADFHM
CALR^RBGDCTKDQ-BQD SD^INA &
ina^mZld <= £wwnad-rsZsr^nm^vn^sZakd£+
ina^sxod <= £OKRPK^AKNBJ£+
ina^Zbshnm <= £ADFHM
CALR^RS SR-F SGDQ^S AKD^RS SR&££wwnad££+££wwela/0^vn^sqZmr££(:
DMC:£+
rsZqs^cZsd <= SQTMB&RXRC SD(*20.13+
qdodZs^hmsdquZk <= £EQDP<C HKX: AXGNTQ<6+08£+
dmZakdc <= SQTD+
bnlldmsr <= £FZsgdq rsZshrshbr nm vn^sqZmr£(:
DMC:
.
Rs_qs c_sd hr rodbh“dc _r mdws c_x 6?L+ _mc sgd ina hr rbgdctkdc sn qtm _s 6?L _mc
6OL c_hkx-
831 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
Lnmhsnqhmf
Sgd d_rhdrs v_x sn vnqj vhsg bg_q_bsdq,a_rdc lnmhsnqhmf hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hr sn knnj
enq rodbhb lds_c_s_ _mc odqenql_mbd uhdvr hm sgd CHBSHNM QX s_akd- Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx
vhkk rgnv _kk rbgdctkdq qdk_sdc chbshnm_qx uhdvr sg_s xnt b_m trd sn mc lnqd hmenql_shnm
_ants inar+ oqnfq_lr+ fqntor+ vhmcnvr+ _mc rbgdctkdr-
Sgd M_ld _mc Rbgdl_ dkcr tmcdq sgd ina ltrs ad kkdc hm enq sgd ina sn ad bqd_sdc: _kk
nsgdq dkcr _qd noshnm_k- Xnt cdsdqlhmd sgd eqdptdmbx _s vghbg sn qtm sgd ina hm sgd mdws
rbqddm+ tmcdq sgd Rbgdctkd s_a- Ehftqd 05-02 rgnvr sgd Rbgdctkd s_a-
Xnt b_m cdmd nsgdq noshnmr+ rtbg _r L_whltl Qtm Shld+ L_whltl E_hktqd+ _mc rn nm
adenqd xnt r_ud sgd ina cdmhshnm- Ehftqd 05-03 rgnvr sgd Noshnmr s_a ne sgd Bqd_sd Ina rbqddm-
S_rj ?tsnl_shnm vhsg Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq 832
Oqnbdctqd Etmbshnm
RDS^ SSQHATSD L_jd bg_mfdr sn _m dwhrshmf ina bg_hm vgdm sgd bg_hm hr
mns qtmmhmf-
ADFHM
CALR^RBGDCTKDQ-CDEHMD^BG HM^RSDO&bgZhm^mZld <= £bgZhm0£
+ rsdo^mZld <= £rsdo0£
+ oqnfqZl^mZld <= £oqnfqZl0£(:
CALR^RBGDCTKDQ-CDEHMD^BG HM^RSDO&bgZhm^mZld <= £bgZhm0£
+ rsdo^mZld <= £rsdo1£
+ oqnfqZl^mZld <= £oqnfqZl1£(:
S_rj ?tsnl_shnm vhsg Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq 834
DMC:
.
?mc mnv _cchmf _ qtkd vgdqd RJHO hr rds sn SQTD _mc vhkk oqdudms sgd rsdo eqnl adhmf
dwdbtsdc+ _krn _rrtlhmf sgd rsdo g_r _kqd_cx addm dwdbtsdc9
ADFHM
CALR^RBGDCTKDQ-BQD SD^INA &
ina^mZld <= £bgZhmina0£
+ina^sxod <= £BG HM£
S_rj ?tsnl_shnm vhsg Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq 838
? ina b_m sgdm trd sgd C_s_a_rd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq sn _kknb_sd qdrntqbdr sn _ ina hm _
c_s_a_rd qdrntqbd bnmrtldq fqnto- ?cchshnm_kkx+ ina bk_rrdr b_m ad trdc sn rds oqhnqhshdr
vgdqd inar _qd _rrhfmdc sgnrd oqhnqhshydc ina bk_rrdr-
Vgdm trhmf oqhnqhshdr hm ina bk_rrdr+ xntq qrs s_rj hr sn bqd_sd _ ina bk_rr trhmf sgd
BQD SD^INA^BK RR oqnbdctqd- Xnt adfhm ax knnjhmf to qdrntqbd bnmrtldq fqntor9
A SBG^FQNTO
NQ # TSNS RJ
HMSDQ BSHUD^FQNTO
NSGDQ^FQNTOR
CDE TKS^BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO
RXR^FQNTO
KNV^FQNTO
DSK^FQNTO
CRR^FQNTO
CRR^BQHSHB K^FQNTO
NQ # OOPNR^/
NQ # OOPNR^0
NQ # OOPNR^1
NQ # OOPNR^2
NQ # OOPNR^3
NQ # OOPNR^4
NQ # OOPNR^5
NQ # OOPNR^6
Sgdm bqd_sd _ ina bk_rr+ _rrhfmhmf sgd oqhnqhshy_shnm ne sgd bnmrtldq fqnto sn sgd ina
bk_rr+ tkshl_sdkx _rrhfmhmf inar sn sgd ina bk_rr9
ADFHM
CALR^RBGDCTKDQ-BQD SD^INA^BK RR&
ina^bkZrr^mZld <= £inabkZrr0£+ qdrntqbd^bnmrtldq^fqnto <= £DSK^FQNTO£
(:
84 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
DMC:
.
Xnt bntkc _krn trd sgd RDS^ SSQHATSD oqnbdctqd sn _rrhfm _ ina oqhnqhsx sn inar vhsghm _
ina bk_rr+ adsvddm oqhnqhshdr ne 0 _mc 49
ADFHM
CALR^RBGDCTKDQ-BQD SD^INA&
ina^mZld<=£sdrs£
+ina^sxod<=£RSNQDC^OQNBDCTQD£
+ina^Zbshnm<=£SGHRHR£
(:
DMC:
ADFHM
CALR^RBGDCTKDQ-RDS^ SSQHATSD &
mZld <= £sdrs£+
Zssqhatsd <= £ina^oqhnqhsx£+
uZktd <= 0
(:
DMC:
.
Xnt b_m dw_lhmd sgd ina bk_rr oqhnqhshdr k_sdq hm sgd CA ^RBGDCTKDQ^INAR lds_c_s_ uhdv9
rdkdbs nvmdq+ina^mZld+oqnfqZl^mZld+ina^oqhnqhsx
eqnl caZ^rbgdctkdq^inar nqcdq ax 3:
Rtll_qx
Sghr bg_osdq hmsqnctbdc qdrntqbd l_m_fdldms _mc rbgdctkhmf hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
Qdrntqbd l_m_fdldms v_r aqnjdm hmsn sgd a_rhb lds_c_s_ bnlonmdmsr ne bnmrtldq fqntor+
ok_mr+ _mc _kknb_shnm ldsgncr+ enkknvdc ax bnmftq_shnm+ bqd_shmf _mc l_hms_hmhmf qdrntqbd
naidbsr+ _mc m_kkx lnmhsnqhmf- Rbgdctkhmf v_r chuhcdc hmsn sgd fdmdq_k _qbghsdbstqd ne sgd
Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq+ enkknvdc ax rnld vnqj trhmf sgd Rbgdctkdq _mc hsr u_qhntr bnmrshstdms
bnlonmdmsr-
Xnt bnlokdsdc sghr bg_osdq ax dw_lhmhmf rnld rodbhb rbdm_qhnr sg_s bnudqdc ina
bg_hmr+ qdlnsd rxrsdlr+ _mc oqhnqhshy_shnm- Xnt kd_qmdc vg_s qdrntqbdr _mc rbgdctkhmf _qd+
_mc _kk _ants gnv sn bqd_sd+ l_m_fd+ trd+ _mc l_hms_hm sgdl-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Jmnv sgd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq bnlonmdmsr- Nq_bkd chuhcdr qdrntqbd l_m_fdldms hmsn o_qsr
hmbktchmf bnmrtldq fqntor+ ok_mr+ ok_m chqdbshudr+ _mc ldsgncr ne _kknb_shmf qdrntqbdr-
Tmcdqrs_mc vg_s d_bg o_qs ’naidbs( hr+ vg_s dudqx o_qs cndr+ _mc gnv sgdx khmj snfdsgdq-
Jmnv _ants qdrntqbd l_m_fdldms bnmehftq_shnm- Kd_qm _ants sgd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq“
rodbhb oqhuhkdfdr+ l_oohmf qtkdr+ _mc l_oohmf oqhnqhshdr- Jmnv gnv sn rvhsbg bnmrtldq
fqntor-
Jmnv _ants bqd_shmf* toc_shmf* _mc cdkdshmf qdrntqbd bnmrtldq naidbsr- Tmcdqrs_mc sg_s
qdrntqbd bnmrtldq naidbsr g_ud hmsdqcdodmcdmbhdr _mc sg_s sgd rdptdmbd ne bqd_shnm+ toc_s,
hmf+ _mc cdkdshnm hr rnldshldr udqx hlonqs_ms+ cdodmchmf nm sgd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq naidbs
adhmf trdc-
Jmnv gnv sn cdehmd _mc bqd_sd rbgdctkdr- Tmcdqrs_mc sg_s Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq g_r rnld
a_rhb bnlonmdmsr sg_s hmbktcd inar+ ina bk_rrdr+ _mc fqntor+ vghbg _kk hmsdqkhmj _mc hmsdqqd,
k_sd- Kd_qm+ gnvdudq+ sg_s sgd lnrs a_rhb _mc bnllnmkx trdc bnlonmdms hr itrs sgd ina-
Jmnv sgd a_rhb lds_c_s_ uhdvr- Tmcdqrs_mc sg_s qdrntqbd l_m_fdldms _mc rbgdctkhmf
lds_c_s_ uhdvr-
841 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Vghbg ne sgdrd hr odqenqldc ax sgd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq>
?- Odqbdms_fdr ne BOT shld _qd rokhs to-
A- Odqbdms_fdr ne ldlnqx _qd rokhs to-
B- Odqbdms_fdr ne rv_o ro_bd hm )mhw _mc uhqst_k ldlnqx hm Vhmcnvr _qd rokhs to-
C- Chrj ro_bd hr rokhs to-
2- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf hr sgd lnrs rhfmhehb_ms _mc lnrs deedbshud _kknb_shnm ldsgnc
bnmsqnkkdc ax sgd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq>
?- ?kknb_sd BOT trd adsvddm bnlodshmf rdrrhnmr
A- ?kknb_sd BOT trd adsvddm bnlodshmf rdrrhnmr a_rdc nm oqhnqhshdr
B- Khlhshmf o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrhmf
C- Rdrrhnm hckd shld khlhsr
3- Gnv b_m qtm_v_x rdrrhnmr ad btqs_hkdc _mc oqdudmsdc eqnl nudqvgdklhmf _ rxrsdl>
’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- ?tsnl_shb_kkx _anqshmf _ rdrrhnm vgdm _qbghud knf ro_bd hr ehkkdc
A- ?tsnl_shb_kkx _anqshmf _ rdrrhnm vgdm qnkka_bj qd_bgdr _m toodq khlhs
B- ?tsnl_shb_kkx _anqshmf _ sq_mr_bshnm hmrhcd _ rdrrhnm vgdm sgd sq_mr_bshnm hr
snn k_qfd
C- ?tsnl_shb_kkx bg_mfhmf sgd BOT trd ne _ rdrrhnm sn _ bnmrtldq fqnto vhsg _
knvdq oqhnqhsx
5- Vghbg ne sgdrd o_bj_fdr _qd trdc sn _clhmhrsdq sgd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDQ
A- CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDLDMS
B- CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FD
C- CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDQ^OQHUR
D- CALR^QDRNTQBD^L M FDLDMS^OQHUR
6- ? bnmrtldq fqnto naidbs b_m ad _rrhfmdc sn vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- ? ok_m
A- ? rtaok_m
B- ? bnmrtldq fqnto
C- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
7- He _ ok_m bnms_hmr svn rtaok_mr _mc nmd bnmrtldq fqnto hr adknv sgd rtaok_m kdudk+
_mc d_bg ne sgd rtaok_mr hr _kknb_sdc 34 odqbdms ne BOT bxbkdr d_bg+ vg_s hr sgd lnrs
sg_s b_m ad _kknb_sdc sn sgd bnmrtldq fqnto+ _rrtlhmf sg_s sgd rtaok_mr _mc ok_m _qd
etkkx nbbtohdc>
?- 00 odqbdms
A- 34 odqbdms
B- 4 odqbdms
C- / odqbdms
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
8- Vghbg ne sgdrd b_m gdko oqdudms o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrhmf khlhsr eqnl adhmf dwbddcdc+ _mc
gdko sn oqdudms _ c_s_a_rd eqnl adhmf rv_lodc ax o_q_kkdk dwdbtshmf ptdqhdr>
?- Cdfqdd ne o_q_kkdkhrl
A- O_q_kkdk rdqudq oqnbdrrdr
B- O_q_kkdk ptdtd shldntsr
C- ?kk ne sgd _anud
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
0/- Gnv l_mx kdudkr ne tshkhy_shnm _qd sgdqd enq BOT _kknb_shnm hm sgd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq>
?- /
A- 0
B- 04
C- 7
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
843 Bg_osdq 05 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar
00- Vghbg c_s_a_rd o_q_ldsdq g_r _m hlo_bs nm qtmmhmf sgd Rbgdctkdq inar>
?- O Q KKDK^L W^RDQUDQR
A- INA^PTDTD^OQNBDRRDR
B- P^SL^OQNBDRRDR
C- INA^RBGDCTKD^OQNBDRRDR
02- Vghbg ne sgdrd _qd hmhsh_k cde_tks qdrntqbd bnmrtldq fqntor> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- RXRSDL^FQNTO
A- NSGDQ^FQNTO
B- NSGDQ^RXRSDL^FQNTO
C- RXR^FQNTO
D- NSGDQ^FQNTOR
03- Vhsg vg_s sxodr ne qdrntqbdr cndr sgd BQD SD^RHLOKD^OK M oqnbdctqd vnqj>
?- )mhw bqnm inar
A- Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq ina bk_rrdr
B- BOT qdrntqbd _kknb_shnmr nmkx
C- Bqd_sdr ltkshokd ok_mr
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
04- Gnv l_mx bnmrtldq fqntor+ BOT odqbdms_fdr+ _mc rhlokd ok_mr b_m sgd
BQD SD^RHLOKD^OK M oqnbdctqd bqd_sd>
?- 3+ 3+ _mc 0
A- 7+ 7+ _mc 7
B- 0+ 0+ _mc 7
C- 7+ 7+ _mc 0
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 844
05- Vgx cndr sgd odmchmf _qd_ dwhrs> ’Bgnnrd sgd adrs _mrvdq-(
?- Adb_trd sgdqd hr nmkx nmd ok_m _bshud _s nmd shld-
A- Adb_trd sgdqd hr nmkx nmd ok_m _bshud _s nmd shld+ _mc bg_mfhmf sgd odmchmf _qd_
bg_mfdr sgd qtmmhmf ok_m-
B- Adb_trd sgdqd hr nmkx nmd ok_m _bshud _s nmd shld+ _mc bg_mfhmf sgd odmchmf _qd_
cndr mns bg_mfd sgd _bshudkx qtmmhmf ok_m-
C- Adb_trd sgdqd hr nmkx nmd ok_m _bshud _s nmd shld+ _mc bg_mfhmf sgd odmchmf _qd_
cndr mns bg_mfd sgd _bshudkx qtmmhmf ok_m tmshk sgd odmchmf _qd_ g_r addm u_khc_sdc-
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud-
06- Gnv b_m xnt sdkk he _ ina hr chr_akdc hm sgd Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq>
?- Trd sgd CA ^RBGDCTKDQ uhdv-
A- Trd sgd CA ^RBGDCTKDQ^INAR uhdv-
B- Trd sgd CA ^INAR uhdv-
C- ?kk ne sgd _anud-
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud-
07- He _ Rbgdctkdq ina bnlokdsdr _mc hs vhkk qtm _f_hm hm sgd etstqd+ vg_s hr hsr RS SD rdsshmf>
?- BNLOKDSD
A- QTMM AKD
B- DCHAKD
C- RBGDCTKDC
08- He xnt bqd_sd _ ina trhmf sgd BQD SD^INA oqnbdctqd+ gnv l_mx shldr b_m hs ad dwdbtsdc>
?- Nmbd
A- ?r l_mx shldr _r hs hr rbgdctkdc
B- Mdudq
C- Svhbd
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
1/- Vghbg ptdqx b_m ad trdc sn ehmc sgd m_ldr ne Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq lds_c_s_ uhdvr>
?- RDKDBS sZakd^mZld EQNL chbshnmZqx VGDQD sZakd^mZld KHJD £CA $RBGDC$£:
A- RDKDBS sZakd^mZld EQNL chbshnmZqx VGDQD sZakd^mZld KHJD £CA $OK M$£:
B- RDKDBS sZakd^mZld EQNL chbshnmZqx VGDQD sZakd^mZld KHJD £CA $INA$£:
C- RDKDBS sZakd^mZld EQNL chbshnmZqx VGDQD sZakd^mZld KHJD £CA $QRQB$£:
AfTosdp TofqZchmf sn NqZbkd
06
CZsZaZrd 01)
sgdx oqdrdms svn cheedqdms ldsgncr enq lnuhmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- C_s_a_rd tofq_cd
hr sgd oqnbdrr ne tofq_chmf sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd c_s_ chbshnm_qx _mc bnlonmdmsr sn Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b- Hm sgd tofq_cd oqnbdrr+ sgd _bst_k c_s_ hm sgd c_s_a_rd hr tmsntbgdc…sgd
_ookhb_shnm s_akdr _mc s_akdro_bdr qdl_hm '_r hr-– Hm c_s_a_rd lhfq_shnm+ sgd c_s_ eqnl nmd
c_s_a_rd hr lnudc nq lhfq_sdc sn _m _kqd_cx,bqd_sdc Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd- Sgd enk,
knvhmf noshnmr _qd _u_hk_akd enq sgd CA? sn lnud sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b eqnl _ oqhnq qdkd_rd
ne Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd-
Odqenql _ chqdbs tofq_cd trhmf C_s_a_rd Tofq_cd Tshkhsx $CAT>(- CAT? hr _ FTH
snnk sn tofq_cd _m dwhrshmf c_s_a_rd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- Trhmf CAT? hr sgd oqd,
edqqdc _mc d_rhdrs ldsgnc-
Odqenql _ chqdbs tofq_cd ax qtmmhmf rbqhosr- ’Sghr hr _ l_mt_k tofq_cd-(
Dwonqs.hlonqs tshkhshdr sn bnox c_s_ sn _ mdv Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd-
Bnox c_s_ sn _ mdv Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd trhmf RPK snnkr-
Trd sgd sq_mronqs_akd s_akdro_bd ed_stqd sn lnud _ookhb_shnm s_akdro_bdr nq _m dmshqd
c_s_a_rd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
Ehmc CA ; Xdr
udqrhnm 0/-1-/-4
U#UDQRHNM
Tofq_cd sn
Mn
0/-1-/-4
Tofq_cd Xdr ;
sn 00-0-/-6 00-0-/-6
Mn
Tofq_cd Xdr ;
sn 00-1-/-1 00-1-/-1
nq ghfgdq
Mn
Chqdbs
Tofq_cd sn
01-0
Nq_bkd Qdkd_rd mtladqr g_ud “ud onrhshnmr rdo_q_sdc ax cnsr+ enq dw_lokd+ 01-0-/-0-/-
Sgd “qrs onrhshnm hmchb_sdr sgd l_inq qdkd_rd mtladq+ sgd rdbnmc onrhshnm hr sgd l_hm,
sdm_mbd qdkd_rd mtladq+ sgd sghqc onrhshnm hr _ookhb_akd nmkx enq sgd _ookhb_shnm rdqudq
qdkd_rd mtladq+ sgd entqsg hr sgd l_inq o_sbg qdkd_rd mtladq+ _mc sgd k_rs onrhshnm hr
sgd ok_senql,rodbh“b qdkd_rd mtladq- Vgdm xnt _ookx _ O_sbg Rds Toc_sd ’ORT(+ sgd k_rs
onrhshnm bg_mfdr- Sn _ookx sgd l_inq o_sbg qdkd_rd ’enq dw_lokd+ 01-0-/-0-/ sn 01-0-/-1-/(+
xnt vhkk g_ud sn hmrs_kk Nq_bkd rnesv_qd hm _ rdo_q_sd Nq_bkd gnld chqdbsnqx-
Sgd chqdbs tofq_cd ldsgnc _s _ ghfg kdudk hmbktcdr sgd enkknvhmf rsdor-
Qtm sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm snnk _mc qduhdv sgd qdrtksr- Ehw _mx hrrtdr nq dqqnqr
qdonqsdc ax sgd snnk-
Hm b_rd sgd tofq_cd cndr mns fn vdkk nq dmbntmsdqr _m dqqnq+ sn fds a_bj sn vgdqd vd
rs_qsdc+ a_bjto sgd c_s_a_rd adenqd rs_qshmf sgd tofq_cd-
Hmrs_kk Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b rnesv_qd ’xnt kd_qmdc _ants sghr rnesv_qd hmrs_kk hm
Bg_osdq 8+ 'Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b–(-
Rs_qs to sgd hmrs_mbd eqnl sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b gnld-
853 Bg_osdq 06 Tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
RPK= ?oqdtofqc
KnZchmf Oqd,TofqZcd OZbjZfd---
Dwdbtshmf Oqd,TofqZcd Bgdbjr---
Oqd,TofqZcd Bgdbjr Bnlokdsd-
Qdrtksr ne sgd bgdbjr Zqd knbZsdc Zs9
.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.befsnnkknfr.nbZc00.oqdtofqZcd.oqdtofqZcd-knf
Sgd ntsots rgnvr sgd knb_shnm ne sgd knf kd _mc oqd, _mc onrs,w,to rbqhosr- Sn gdko
xnt tmcdqrs_mc vg_s bgdbjr _qd odqenqldc _mc sgd hrrtdr hcdmshdc ax sgd snnk+ vd&kk rgnv
xnt sgd knf kd9
# bZs .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.befsnnkknfr.nbZc00.oqdtofqZcd.oqdtofqZcd-knf
NqZbkd CZsZaZrd Oqd,TofqZcd HmenqlZshnm Snnk /0,00,1/03 01936930
Rbqhos Udqrhnm9 01-0-/-0-/ Athkc9 //5
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
CZsZaZrd MZld9 NB C00
Udqrhnm9 00-1-/-3-/
BnloZshakd9 00-1-/-3-/
Aknbjrhyd9 6081
OkZsenql9 Khmtw w65 53*ahs
Shldynmd ehkd9 U03
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@QdmZldc OZqZldsdqr[
@Mn QdmZldc OZqZldsdqr hm trd\
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@Narnkdsd.CdoqdbZsdc OZqZldsdqr[
,,= knf^Zqbghud^rsZqs 0/-0 CDRTOONQSDC
,,= lZw^dmZakdc^qnkdr 0/-0 CDRTOONQSDC
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
@Bnlonmdms Khrs[
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,,= NqZbkd BZsZknf Uhdvr @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd OZbjZfdr Zmc Sxodr @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= IRdqudq I U UhqstZk LZbghmd @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd WCJ enq IZuZ @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd VnqjroZbd LZmZfdq @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NK O mZkxshb VnqjroZbd @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd Dmsdqoqhrd LZmZfdq Qdonrhsnqx @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd Sdws @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd WLK CZsZaZrd @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd IZuZ OZbjZfdr @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd LtkshldchZ @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd RoZshZk @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= Dwoqdrrhnm Ehksdq @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= Qtkd LZmZfdq @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd ookhbZshnm Dwoqdrr @tofqZcd\ U KHC
,,= NqZbkd NK O OH @tofqZcd\ U KHC
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
@SZakdroZbdr[
DQQNQ9 ,,= RXRSDL sZakdroZbd hr mns kZqfd dmntfg enq sgd tofqZcd-
btqqdmskx ZkknbZsdc rhyd9 65/ LA
lhmhltl qdpthqdc rhyd9 0151 LA
hmbqdZrd btqqdms rhyd ax9 4/1 LA
sZakdroZbd hr MNS TSNDWSDMC DM AKDC-
DQQNQ9 ,,= RXR TW sZakdroZbd hr mns kZqfd dmntfg enq sgd tofqZcd-
btqqdmskx ZkknbZsdc rhyd9 46/ LA
lhmhltl qdpthqdc rhyd9 0365 LA
hmbqdZrd btqqdms rhyd ax9 8/5 LA
sZakdroZbd hr MNS TSNDWSDMC DM AKDC-
,,= TMCNSAR0 sZakdroZbd hr ZcdptZsd enq sgd tofqZcd-
lhmhltl qdpthqdc rhyd9 3// LA
,,= SDLO sZakdroZbd hr ZcdptZsd enq sgd tofqZcd-
lhmhltl qdpthqdc rhyd9 5/ LA
,,= DW LOKD sZakdroZbd hr ZcdptZsd enq sgd tofqZcd-
lhmhltl qdpthqdc rhyd9 20/ LA
@lZjd Zcitrsldmsr hm sgd btqqdms dmuhqnmldms\
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
@Oqd*TofqZcd Bgdbjr[
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Oqdo_qhmf enq _ C_s_a_rd Tofq_cd 856
DQQNQ9 ,,= trdq nq qnkd vhsg sgd mZld ! TCRXR! entmc hm sgd cZsZaZrd-
DQQNQ9 ,,= trdq nq qnkd vhsg sgd mZld ! TCHS^UHDVDQ! entmc hm sgd cZsZaZrd-
)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
))))))))) ChbshnmZqx RsZshrshbr )))))))))
)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
@Onrs*TofqZcd QdbnlldmcZshnmr[
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
)))))))) Ehwdc Naidbs RsZshrshbr ))))))))
)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
)))))))))))) RtllZqx ))))))))))))
esdq xntq cZsZaZrd hr tofqZcdc Zmc nodm hm mnqlZk lncd xnt ltrs qtm
qcalr.Zclhm.bZstoors-rpk vghbg dwdbtsdr rdudqZk qdpthqdc sZrjr Zmc bnlokdsdr
sgd tofqZcd oqnbdrr-
He mddcdc xnt lZx vZms sn tofqZcd xntq shldynmd cZsZ trhmf sgd oqnbdrr
cdrbqhadc hm Lx NqZbkd Rtoonqs mnsd 866401-0
)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
86 Bg_osdq 06 Tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Sn w sgd hrrtdr hcdmshdc adenqd sgd tofq_cd+ xnt b_m qtm sgd oqdtofqZcd^ehwtor-rpk
rbqhos- Sghr rbqhos trdr sgd calr^oqdto-qtm^ehwto^Zmc^qdonqs qntshmd sn w sgd hrrtdr-
Gdqd hr _ r_lokd ne sgd rbqhos+ vhsg nmkx _ edv khmdr rgnvm-
# bZs .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.befsnnkknfr.nbZc00.oqdtofqZcd.oqdtofqZcd^ehwtor-rpk
QDL Oqd,TofqZcd Rbqhos FdmdqZsdc nm9 1/03,/0,00 01936928
QDL FdmdqZsdc ax Udqrhnm9 01-0-/-0 Athkc9 //5
RDS DBGN NEE RDQUDQNTSOTS NM ENQL S VQ OODC S A NEE KHMDRHYD 64/:
ADFHM
calr^ntsots-ots^khmd &£Oqd,TofqZcd Ehwto Rbqhos FdmdqZsdc nm 1/03,/0,00
01936928 Udqrhnm9 01-0-/-0 Athkc9 //5£(:
calr^ntsots-ots^khmd &£Adfhmmhmf Oqd,TofqZcd Ehwtor---£(:
DMC:
.
ADFHM
calr^oqdto-bkdZq^qtm^ekZf&SQTD(:
DMC:
.
ADFHM
,, ))))))))))))))))) Ehwto CdsZhkr )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
,, MZld9 CDE TKS^OQNBDRR^BNTMS
,, Cdrbqhoshnm9 Udqhex lhm oqnbdrr bntms hr mns snn knv
,, Rdudqhsx9 VZqmhmf
,, bshnm9 ]]] L MT K BSHNM QDPTHQDC ]]]
,, Ehw RtllZqx9
,, Qduhdv Zmc hmbqdZrd he mddcdc+ xntq OQNBDRRDR uZktd-
calr^oqdto-qtm^ehwto^Zmc^qdonqs&£CDE TKS^OQNBDRR^BNTMS£(:
DMC:
.
Vgdm xnt qtm sgd oqdtofqZcd^ehwtor-rpk rbqhos+ hs wdr rnld ne sgd sqhuh_k hrrtdr+ ats
hs cndr mns w sgd hrrtdr sg_s bntkc c_l_fd sgd c_s_a_rd- Enq dw_lokd+ cqnoohmf Dmsdqoqhrd
L_m_fdq C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk+ qdrhyhmf s_akdro_bdr+ cqnoohmf trdqr _mc qnkdr+ f_sgdqhmf rs_shr,
shbr+ _mc rn nm ltrs ad wdc l_mt_kkx ax sgd CA?- Hs vhkk kds xnt jmnv sn l_mt_kkx w sgnrd
hrrtdr adenqd sgd tofq_cd- Gdqd hr sgd rtll_qx rdbshnm rgnvm _esdq sgd rbqhos hr qtm-
1 DQQNQ KDUDK bgdbjr qdstqmdc HMENQL SHNM sgZs ltrs ad Zbsdc nm oqhnq sn
tofqZcd-
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
<<<<== TRDQ BSHNM QDPTHQDC ;;<<<<
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Xnt LTRS qdrnkud sgd Zanud dqqnqr oqhnq sn tofqZcd
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Sgd CA? ltrs w sgd dqqnqr hcdmshdc hm sgd rbqhos adenqd oqnbddchmf vhsg sgd tofq_cd-
?esdq qtmmhmf sgd oqdtofqZcd^ehwtor-rpk+ qtm sgd oqdtofqc-rpk rbqhos _f_hm sn udqhex
sg_s sgd c_s_a_rd hr qd_cx- L_mt_kkx w _kk dqqnqr _mc hmenql_shnm_k mnshbdr hm sgd rbqhos
rn sg_s sgd tofq_cd fndr rlnnsgdq-
Sgd snnk _krn hcdmshdr bdqs_hm adrs oq_bshbdr sn bnlokdsd _esdq sgd tofq_cd- Sgd
onrstofqZcd^ehwtor-rpk rbqhos b_m ad qtm _esdq sgd tofq_cd- Sgd qrs edv khmdr ne
sgd rbqhos _qd rgnvm gdqd9
# bZs .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.befsnnkknfr.nbZc00.oqdtofqZcd.onrstofqZcd^ehwtor-rpk
QDL Onrs TofqZcd Rbqhos FdmdqZsdc nm9 1/03,/0,00 01936928
QDL FdmdqZsdc ax Udqrhnm9 01-0-/-0 Athkc9 //5
RDS DBGN NEE RDQUDQNTSOTS NM ENQL S VQ OODC S A NEE KHMDRHYD 64/:
ADFHM
calr^ntsots-ots^khmd &£Onrs TofqZcd Ehwto Rbqhos FdmdqZsdc nm 1/03,/0,00
01936928 Udqrhnm9 01-0-/-0 Athkc9 //5£(:
calr^ntsots-ots^khmd &£Adfhmmhmf Onrs,TofqZcd Ehwtor---£(:
DMC:
.
ADFHM
Oqdo_qhmf enq _ C_s_a_rd Tofq_cd 862
UHDVDQ+ TCHS^ CLHM+ B OSTQD^ CLHM+ NQ BKD^NBL- Hm _cchshnm+ sgd snnk bgdbjr enq _
edv hmsdqm_k trdqr rtbg _r OOPNRRXR-
He NK?O B_s_knf ’?LC( dwhrsr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Rs_qshmf vhsg Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+
NK?O hr cdrtoonqsdc- Sgd snnk _cuhrdr xnt sn cqno sgd b_s_knf oqhnq sn sgd tofq_cd-
He ?VQ c_s_ g_r hm_bshud CAHCr-
He sgd BNLO SHAKD o_q_ldsdq hr _s 00-/-/ nq ghfgdq-
He sgd INA^PTDTD^OQNBDRRDR u_ktd hr rds snn knv-
He sgd OQNBDRRDR o_q_ldsdq hr rteehbhdmskx ghfg-
He KNF^ QBGHUD^ENQL S g_r sgd qdpthqdc enql_s-
He sgdqd hr _ mddc sn qdlnud ghccdm o_q_ldsdqr+ cdoqdbh_sdc o_q_ldsdqr+ _mc tmcdq,
rbnqd dudmsr-
He sgd shldynmd udqrhnm mddcr sn ad toc_sdc nq hr mdvdq- Nq_bkd C_a_rd 01b 01-0-/-0
bnldr vhsg udqrhnm 07-
He NQCRXR ’Nq_bkd Ltkshldch_ Cnl_hm Hmcdw( nq Tksq_Rd_qbg hr rshkk trdc-
He CLRXR rbgdl_ rshkk dwhrsr-
He CALR^KC O cdodmcdms naidbsr nq l_mt_k mdsvnqj ?BK bnmehftq_shnm hr qdpthqdc-
?krn+ hcdmshehdr rbgdl_r vhsg mdsvnqj ?BK-
He C_s_a_rd U_tks hr dm_akdc- Hs l_x qdbnlldmc chr_akhmf+ adb_trd hs hr _ qdpthqdldms
sn chr_akd adenqd sgd tofq_cd _mc dm_akd _esdq sgd tofq_cd he mddcdc-
He Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk hr oqdrdms hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
He hs mddcr sn cqno rxr-dmZakdc#hmcdwdr+ he hs dwhrsr-
He sgdqd _qd _mx tmqdrnkudc chrsqhatsdc sq_mr_bshnmr-
He hmenql_shnm dwhrsr rs_shmf sg_s sgd Dwoqdrrhnm Ehksdq ’DWE( _mc C_s_a_rd Qtkdr L_m,
_fdq ’QTK( ed_stqdr _qd cdrtoonqsdc _mc vhkk ad qdlnudc ctqhmf sgd tofq_cd oqnbdrr+
he DWE nq QTK _qd oqdrdms hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
He _mx ehkdr _qd hm a_bjto lncd nq hm ldch_,qdbnudqx,mddcdc rs_sd-
He RXR _mc RXRSDL trdqr g_ud RXRSDL _r sgdhq cde_tks s_akdro_bd-
He RXRSDL _mc RXR TW s_akdro_bdr g_ud dmntfg eqdd ro_bd enq sgd tofq_cd-
He sgdqd _qd HMU KHC naidbsr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd khrs ne hmu_khc RXR.RXRSDL naidbsr _qd
vqhssdm sn qdfhrsqx#rxr^hmu^nair- Sgd khrs ne mnm,RXR.RXRSDL naidbsr _qd vqhssdm sn
qdfhrsqx#mnmrxr^hmu^nair- Trd sgd tskthnai-rpk rbqhos _esdq sgd tofq_cd sn hcdmshex
_mx mdv hmu_khc naidbsr ctd sn sgd tofq_cd-
He sgd bnlonmdmsr hm CA ^QDFHRSQX _qd u_khc-
He sgd qdbxbkd ahm mddcr sn ad otqfdc-
He _mx bg_mfdr mddc sn ad l_cd sn sgd KNF^ QBGHUD^CDRS^0 nq KNF^ QBGHUD^CDRS^0/
o_q_ldsdqr sn r_shrex sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b _qbghud cdrshm_shnm qtkdr-
He sgd rs_mcax c_s_a_rd hr hm rxmb vhsg sgd oqhl_qx-
865 Bg_osdq 06 Tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
# bZs .dsb.nqZsZa
" Sghr ehkd hr trdc ax NQ BKD tshkhshdr- Hs hr bqdZsdc ax qnns-rg
" Zmc tocZsdc ax dhsgdq CZsZaZrd BnmehftqZshnm rrhrsZms vghkd bqdZshmf
" Z cZsZaZrd nq RL BnmehftqZshnm rrhrsZms vghkd bqdZshmf RL hmrsZmbd-
" bnknm+ £9£+ hr trdc Zr sgd ehdkc sdqlhmZsnq- mdv khmd sdqlhmZsdr
" sgd dmsqx- Khmdr adfhmmhmf vhsg Z ontmc rhfm+ £"£+ Zqd bnlldmsr-
" Dmsqhdr Zqd ne sgd enql9
" #NQ BKD^RHC9#NQ BKD^GNLD9;M{X=9
" Sgd ehqrs Zmc rdbnmc ehdkcr Zqd sgd rxrsdl hcdmshehdq Zmc gnld
" chqdbsnqx ne sgd cZsZaZrd qdrodbshudkx- Sgd sghqc ehdkc hmchbZsdr
" sn sgd carsZqs tshkhsx sgZs sgd cZsZaZrd rgntkc+ !X!+ nq rgntkc mns+
" !M!+ ad aqntfgs to Zs rxrsdl anns shld-
" Ltkshokd dmsqhdr vhsg sgd rZld #NQ BKD^RHC Zqd mns Zkknvdc-
nbZc009.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.ca^gnld0.00-1-/9M
sdlo9.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.ca^gnld1.01-0-/9M
# - nqZdmu
NQ BKD^RHC < @nqZbkd\ > sdlo
Sgd NqZbkd aZrd gZr addm rds sn .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd
Tofq_chmf sgd C_s_a_rd 866
# vghbg catZ
.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.ca^gnld1.01-0-/.ahm.catZ
Vgdm xnt k_tmbg sgd CAT? _ookhb_shnm+ sgd hmhsh_k rbqddm chrok_xdc hr sgd Rdkdbs
Nodq_shnm rbqddm+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 06-1- CAT? fhudr xnt sgd noshnm sn tofq_cd sgd
c_s_a_rd nq sn lnud _ c_s_a_rd eqnl nmd Nq_bkd gnld sn _mnsgdq gnld ne sgd r_ld
qdkd_rd- Bgnnrd sgd Tofq_cd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd noshnm+ _mc bkhbj Mdws-
Xnt vhkk ad oqdrdmsdc vhsg sgd Rdkdbs C_s_a_rd rbqddm+ vghbg _kknvr xnt sn rdkdbs sgd
c_s_a_rd enq sgd tofq_cd ’Ehftqd 06-2(- Nq_bkd khrsr sgd c_s_a_rdr nm sgd rdqudq a_rdc nm sgd
bnmsdmsr hm .dsb.nqZsZa kd- Bgnnrd sgd _ooqnoqh_sd c_s_a_rd enq sgd tofq_cd- Sgd rbqddm
rgnvr sgd Rntqbd C_s_a_rd Nq_bkd gnld chqdbsnqx _mc sn vghbg Nq_bkd gnld sgd rnesv_qd
hr adhmf tofq_cdc-
Tofq_chmf sgd C_s_a_rd 868
Sgd Btrsnl RPK Rbqhosr s_a hr trdc enq rodbhexhmf btrsnl RPK rbqhosr sg_s b_m ad qtm
adenqd _mc _esdq sgd tofq_cd-
Xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn dhsgdq bnmftqd sgd tofq_cdc c_s_a_rd vhsg DL C_s_a_rd
Dwoqdrr nq sn qdfhrsdq vhsg NDL Bkntc Bnmsqnk+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 06-5- Nq_bkd Dmsdqoqhrd
L_m_fdq C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr hr _ vda,a_rdc c_s_a_rd l_m_fdldms _ookhb_shnm sg_s hr athks
hmsn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- Hs qdok_bdr sgd CA Bnmsqnk bnlonmdms sg_s v_r _u_hk_akd hm
qdkd_rdr 0/f _mc 00f-
CAT? _krn fhudr sgd noshnm sn lhfq_sd sgd rsnq_fd ne sgd c_s_a_rd _mc E_rs Qdbnudqx
?qd_ sn _mnsgdq kd rxrsdl nq sn ?tsnl_shb Rsnq_fd L_m_fdldms ’?RL(- ?RL hr chrbtrrdc
hm Bg_osdq 07- Ehftqd 06-6 rgnvr sgd Lnud C_s_a_rd Ehkdr rbqddm-
?esdq Lnud C_s_a_rd Ehkdr noshnmr g_ud addm rdkdbsdc+ bkhbj sgd Mdws atssnm _mc sgd
Mdsvnqj Bnmftq_shnm rbqddm vhkk ad chrok_xdc _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 06-7- Sgd Khrsdmdq
Rdkdbshnm _qd_ ne sgd Mdsvnqj Bnmftq_shnm rbqddm rgnvr _ s_akd vhsg9 M_ld+ Onqs+ Nq_bkd
Gnld+ Rs_str+ _mc Lhfq_sd bnktlmr- Sn sgd kdes ne sgd khrsdmdq m_ld hr _ anw enq rdkdbshmf
sgd khrsdmdq- Rdkdbs nmd nq lnqd khrsdmdqr eqnl sgd rntqbd Nq_bkd gnld sn ad lhfq_sdc sn sgd
mdv tofq_cdc Nq_bkd gnld- CAT? _ccr sgd rdkdbsdc khrsdmdq sn sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ kd ne sgd
s_qfds Nq_bkd gnld _mc rs_qsr hs- Hs _krn qdlnudr sgd dmsqx ne sgd tofq_cdc c_s_a_rd eqnl
sgd nkc khrsdmdq-nqZ kd- He xnt cn mns v_ms sn lhfq_sd sgd khrsdmdq+ bqd_sd _ mdv khrsdmdq hm
sgd s_qfds Nq_bkd gnld ax rodbhexhmf sgd khrsdmdq m_ld _mc onqs-
87 Bg_osdq 06 Tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Sgd Qdbnudqx Noshnmr rbqddm+ rgnvm hm Ehftqd 06-8+ fhudr xnt noshnmr sn a_bjto sgd
c_s_a_rd-
Xnt b_m bgnnrd eqnl sgd enkknvhmf noshnmr9
Bqd_sd _ Mdv Neekhmd QL?M A_bjto9 Dmsdq sgd etkk o_sg enq _ knb_shnm enq sgd a_bjto
hm sgd A_bjto Knb_shnm ehdkc- CAT? odqenqlr _ a_bjto adenqd sgd tofq_cd-
Trd Dwhrshmf QL?M A_bjto9 CAT? chrok_xr sgd shldrs_lo enq sgd k_sdrs QL?M
a_bjto sg_s dwhrsr-
Tofq_chmf sgd C_s_a_rd 870
Bqd_sd _ Mdv Ft_q_msddc Qdrsnqd Onhms9 He _ Ek_rg Qdbnudqx ?qd_ hr btqqdmskx bnmehf,
tqdc+ sgd btqqdms rdsshmfr vhkk ad qds_hmdc- CAT? _krn chrok_xr _ rbqddm sn _kknv xnt sn
nudqqhcd sgdrd u_ktdr he mddcdc- CAT? _tsnl_shb_kkx bqd_sdr _ qdrsnqd onhms sg_s xnt b_m
qdudqs a_bj sn hm b_rd ne tofq_cd e_hktqd-
Tofq_chmf sgd C_s_a_rd 872
D_bg og_rd b_m ad dwo_mcdc sn rdd sgd cds_hkr- Sgd shlhmf enq d_bg rsdo sn s_jd ok_bd
hr oqnuhcdc- Sgd CA? b_m trd sgd shldr sn hcdmshex shld,bnmrtlhmf rsdor ctqhmf sgd sdrs
tofq_cd bxbkd-
Sgd Oqnfqdrr rbqddm _krn oqnuhcdr noshnmr sn uhdv sgd _bshuhsx knf _mc sgd _kdqs knf- Sgd
_bshuhsx knf rgnvr sgd btqqdms _bshnm adhmf odqenqldc: hs rgnvr sgd ntsots ne sgd sqZbd-knf
kd fdmdq_sdc ax CAT?- Sgd _kdqs knf rgnvr sgd _kdqs knf bnmsdms- Lnmhsnqhmf sgd _kdqs knf
enq dqqnqr _mc ldrr_fdr hr _ adrs oq_bshbd-
Lnmhsnqhmf sgd _bshuhsx knf rgnvr sgd btqqdms og_rd ne sgd tofq_cd+ _mc vgdsgdq sgd
og_rd hr qtm hm o_q_kkdk nq rdqh_k- Nq_bkd trdr sghr hmenql_shnm sn qdrs_qs _m tofq_cd oqnbdrr-
Enq dw_lokd9
?esdq sgd tofq_cd hr bnlokdsdc+ sgd Rsno atssnm nm sgd Oqnfqdrr rbqddm ’Ehftqd 06-00(
adbnldr _m Tofq_cd Qdrtksr atssnm- Bkhbj nm sgd Tofq_cd Qdrtksr atssnm sn uhdv sgd
qdrtksr+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 06-01- Xnt vhkk fds sgd noshnm sn Qdrsnqd C_s_a_rd+ vghbg
qdudqsr sgd c_s_a_rd a_bj sn hsr oqd,tofq_cdc rs_sd-
Qduhdv sgd hmenql_shnm b_qdetkkx rn sg_s xnt vhkk tmcdqrs_mc sgd bg_mfdr l_cd ax CAT?
ctqhmf sgd tofq_cd- Sgd knf kdr bqd_sdc ax CAT? vhkk ad chrok_xdc rn xnt b_m qduhdv sgdl-
Sgd knb_shnm ne roehkd bqd_sdc ax CAT? vhkk _krn ad hmchb_sdc-
Ctqhmf nmd ne sgd c_s_a_rd tofq_cd _bshuhshdr+ sgd CA? mnshbdc sg_s sgd Oqnfqdrr rbqddm
g_c mns lnudc eqnl nmd rsdo sn sgd mdws enq _ vghkd- Bkhbjhmf nm sgd _bshuhsx knf chc mns
qdud_k _mx dqqnqr nq v_qmhmfr- Gnvdudq+ sgd ?kdqs Knf atssnm chrok_xdc sgd enkknvhmf
ldrr_fd+ vghbg jdos qdod_shmf9
1- AZbj to ehkdr sn sdqshZqx cduhbd rtbg Zr sZod trhmf QL M1- AZbj to ehkdr sn
sdqshZqx cduhbd rtbg Zr sZod trhmf QL M A BJTO QDBNUDQX QD bnllZmc-
)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Sgd CA? g_c hfmnqdc sgd v_qmhmf ne knv ro_bd fhudm ax sgd CAT?- Sn “w sgd hrrtd+ sgd
CA? knffdc hmsn sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf _mnsgdq rdrrhnm _mc hmbqd_rdc sgd E_rs Qdbnudqx
?qd_ adb_trd dmntfg ro_bd v_r _u_hk_akd nm sgd “kd rxrsdl-
# - nqZdmu
NQ BKD^RHC < @b01mca0\ > sdlo
Sgd NqZbkd aZrd qdlZhmr tmbgZmfdc vhsg uZktd .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd
#
# dwonqs NQ BKD^RHC<o00c
# rpkoktr £. Zr rxrcaZ£
Rxrsdl Zksdqdc-
RPK=
Ctqhmf _m tofq_cd+ l_jd rtqd sn lnmhsnq ro_bd tr_fd+ E_rs Qdbnudqx ?qd_ tr_fd+ _mc
sgd _kdqs knf sn _unhc _mx oqnakdlr- Sn _unhc rtbg hrrtdr _mc sn hloqnud tofq_cd odqenq,
l_mbd+ sgd c_s_a_rd l_x ad hm MN?QBGHUDKNF lncd+ ats xnt knnrd sgd _ahkhsx sn tshkhyd
sgd fi_rga_bj ed_stqdr sn qdrsnqd sgd c_s_a_rd he sgd tofq_cd e_hkr- Rn+ hs hr _ sq_cd,nee xnt
mddc sn vdhfg-
# catZ ,gdko
catZ @,rhkdms\ @;bnllZmc= @noshnmr\ \)
Qdedq sn sgd NqZbkd CZsZaZrd TofqZcd Fthcd enq cdsZhkr-
Enkknvhmf Zqd sgd onrrhakd bnllZmcr9
Enq dwZlokd+ sgd enkknvhmf bnllZmc rdkdbsr !nqbk! cZsZaZrd enq tofqZcd9
catZ ,rhc nqbk
Enq dwZlokd+ sgd enkknvhmf bnllZmc tofqZcdr !nqbk! cZsZaZrd hm rhkdms lncd9
catZ ,rhkdms ,rhc nqbk
sgd oqnbdrr hr dqqnq oqnmd _mc hmunkudr lnqd vnqj- Sgd s_rjr sn ad s_jdm b_qd ne adenqd sgd
tofq_cd b_m nbbtq _qd _r enkknvr-
Bnox sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm rbqhos oqdtofqc-rpk _mc tsktoojf-rpk eqnl
sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm chqdbsnqx sn sgd #NQ BKD^GNLD.
qcalr.Zclhm chqdbsnqx ne sgd rntqbd Nq_bkd gnld- Qtm sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm
snnk+ _mc ehw _kk dqqnqr _mc v_qmhmfr-
Bnlokdsd _kk sgd rsdor _mc bgdbjr ldmshnmdc hm sgd 'Oqdo_qhmf enq C_s_a_rd Tofq_cd–
rdbshnm- L_jd rtqd sn oqdo_qd sgd Nq_bkd gnld _mc bqd_sd sgd o_q_ldsdq ehkd _mc sgd
o_rrvnqc ehkd-
He xnt _qd trhmf _ bktrsdq c_s_a_rd ’Q?B(+ rds sgd BKTRSDQ^C S A RD<E KRD o_q_ldsdq
ctqhmf sgd tofq_cd+ _mc rds hs a_bj sn sqtd _esdq sgd tofq_cd-
Qtm sgd F_sgdq Chbshnm_qx Rs_shrshbr ina-
A_bj to sgd rntqbd c_s_a_rd- He cdrhqdc+ dm_akd E_rs Qdbnudqx ?qd_ _mc bnmehftqd sgd
qdrsnqd onhms sn trd sgd Ek_rga_bj C_s_a_rd-
Otqfd sgd c_s_a_rd qdbxbkd ahm-
Bnmehql sg_s RXR _mc RXRSDL trdqr g_ud RXRSDL _r sgd cde_tks s_akdro_bd-
Qdlnud sgd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk qdonrhsnqx- Bnox sgd dlqdlnud-rpk
rbqhos eqnl sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm sn sgd rntqbd #NQ KBD^
GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm _mc sgdm dwdbtsd nm sgd rntqbd c_s_a_rd oqhnq sn sgd tofq_cd-
Bnmehql sg_s TC# s_akd hr nvmdc ax RXR _mc hr hm sgd RXRSDL s_akdro_bd- He sgdqd _qd
snn l_mx qnvr hm sgd TC# s_akd+ a_bj to _mc sqtmb_sd sgd TC# s_akd+ nsgdqvhrd sgd
tofq_cd oqnbdrr bntkc qtm knmfdq-
He NKR&KZakd Rdbtqhsx( _mc.nq CU&CZsZaZrd UZtks( vdqd _kqd_cx hm sgd c_s_a_rd
oqhnq sn sgd tofq_cd+ bnox sgd nkroqdtofqcd-rpk rbqhos eqnl sgd Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
#NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm sn sgd rntqbd #NQ KBD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm _mc sgdm dwdbtsd
nm sgd rntqbd c_s_a_rd oqhnq sn sgd tofq_cd-
RPK= ? >.qcalr.Zclhm.nkroqdtofqZcd-rpk
Tofq_chmf sgd C_s_a_rd 878
Bnmehql sg_s sgd dmuhqnmldms u_qh_akdr onhms sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b gnld-
Dchs sgd nqZsZa ehkd sn _cc sgd hmrs_mbd m_ld vhsg Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b gnld+ _mc
bnlldms nts sgd hmrs_mbd vhsg sgd oqhnq udqrhnm gnld-
# bZs .dsb.nqZsZa
"nbZc009.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.ca^gnld0.00-1-/9M
nbZc009.t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.ca^gnld1.01-0-/9M
Eqnl Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b gnld+ rs_qs to sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf RS QSTO TOFQ CD-
# bc #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm
# rpkoktr !. Zr rxrcaZ!
RPK= rsZqsto TOFQ CD
Tofq_cd sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf bZsbsk-ok rbqhos- Hm sgd d_qkhdq udqrhnmr+ sgd tofq_cd rbqhos
bZstofqc-rpk v_r qtm chqdbskx eqnl RPK Oktr+ vghbg q_m rhmfkd sgqd_cdc- Sgd cde_tks
o_q_kkdkhrl enq bZsbsk-ok hr 3- Sgd tofq_cd rbqhos hr oqnuhcdc _r _ o_q_ldsdq sn sgd
Odqk rbqhos-
# bc #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm
# #NQ BKD^GNLD.odqk.ahm.odqk bZsbsk-ok bZstofqc-rpk
88 Bg_osdq 06 Tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Sn tofq_cd sgd c_s_a_rd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ xnt ltrs rs_qs sgd hmrs_mbd vhsg sgd
RS QSTO TOFQ CD noshnm ’hmsqnctbdc hm Nq_bkd8h Qdkd_rd 1(- He xnt sqx sn rs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd
hm _mx nsgdq lncd+ xnt vhkk fds _m dqqnq- Sghr lncd _tsnl_shb_kkx g_mckdr bdqs_hm rxrsdl
o_q_ldsdq u_ktdr enq sgd tofq_cd- Hs qdrsqhbsr knfnmr sn R RXRCA rdrrhnmr+ chr_akdr rxr,
sdl sqhffdqr+ _mc odqenqlr _cchshnm_k nodq_shnmr sg_s oqdo_qd sgd dmuhqnmldms enq sgd
tofq_cd- ?krn+ sghr noshnm rtooqdrrdr sgd NQ ,//831 dqqnq enq sgd CQNO S AKD rs_sdldmsr
hm sgd tofq_cd rbqhos- Vgdm qduhdvhmf enq dqqnqr+ xnt vhkk rdd nmkx fdmthmd dqqnqr hm sgd knf
“kd- Enq _ rtbbdrretk tofq_cd+ sgdqd rgntkc ad mn NQ?, nq OKR, dqqnqr hm sgd knf “kd-
Sn tofq_cd sgd c_s_a_rd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ trd sgd bZsbsk-ok rbqhos+ vghbg qtmr hm
cde_tks o_q_kkdkhrl ne 3- Sn rodbhex o_q_kkdkhrl+ trd sgd ,m noshnm- Rds sn /+ sgd ,m noshnm
qtmr sgd tofq_cd hm rdqh_k lncd- Sgd l_whltl o_q_kkdkhrl hr 7- Sgd ,k noshnm rodbh“dr
sgd knb_shnm ne ronnk _mc knf “kdr- Sgd cde_tks knb_shnm hr sgd btqqdms chqdbsnqx- Sgd ,o
noshnm kdsr xnt qdrs_qs sgd tofq_cd eqnl _ rodbh“b og_rd- Sgd knf “kd rgnvr vghbg og_rdr
_qd bnlokdsdc _mc btqqdmskx adhmf dwdbtsdc-
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd hmunjdr sgd tofq_cd vhsg rhw o_q_kkdk sgqd_cr _mc vqhsdr sgd knf
_mc ntsots “kdr sn #NQ BKD^A RD.Zclhm.#NQ BKD^RHC.tofqZcd chqdbsnqx-
bc #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm
#NQ BKD^GNLD.odqk.ahm.odqk bZsbsk-ok ,m 5 ,k #NQ BKD^A RD.Zclhm.#NQ BKD^RHC.
tofqZcd bZstofqc-rpk
He xnt v_ms sn qtm sgd bZstofqc-rpk chqdbskx eqnl RPK)Oktr+ xnt l_x cn rn+ ats xnt g_ud
sn trd sgd o_q_ldsdq O Q KKDK<MN+ _r hm sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd9
He xnt qtm bZstofqc-rpk ax hsrdke+ sgdm bZstoors-rpk cndr mns qtm _r o_qs ne sgd tofq_cd
oqnbdrr- Sgd bZstoors-rpk rbqhos ltrs ad qtm _esdq bZstofqc-rpk bnlokdsdr-
Sgd tofq_cdc c_s_a_rd hr rgts cnvm _esdq qtmmhmf bZsbsk-ok- Rs_qs to sgd hmrs_mbd- Sghr
c_s_a_rd rs_qsto+ enkknvhmf sgd c_s_a_rd rgtscnvm odqenqldc _r o_qs ne sgd bZsbsk-ok
rbqhos+ ektrgdr _kk b_bgdr+ bkd_qr ateedqr+ _mc odqenqlr nsgdq gntrdjddohmf _bshuhshdr sn
dmrtqd sgd hmsdfqhsx _mc bnmrhrsdmbx ne sgd tofq_cdc c_s_a_rd-
RPK= RS QSTO:
Tofq_chmf sgd C_s_a_rd 880
Qtm sgd Onrs,Tofq_cd Rs_str snnk sn rgnv _ rtll_qx _mc rs_str ne sgd tofq_cd- He sgdqd
_qd _mx dqqnqr nq _mx bnlonmdms hr HMU KHC+ sgdm sqntakdrgnns sn ehw sgd dqqnq-
# bc #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm
RPK= bnmmdbs . Zr rxrcaZ
RPK= ?bZstoors-rpk
Qdbnlohkd _mx hmu_khc naidbsr- Xnt l_x rodbhex o_q_kkdkhrl enq sgd rbqhos _r _ o_q_ldsdq-
RPK= ?tskqo 5
Qtm sgd tskthnai-rpk ’TShkhsx Tofq_cd Hmu_khc NAIdbsr snnk( rbqhos sn hcdmshex
mdv hmu_khc naidbsr _esdq sgd tofq_cd- Sghr rbqhos vhkk vnqj nmkx he xnt g_ud qtm sgd
oqdtofqc-rpk rbqhos adenqd sgd tofq_cd- Hs ntsotsr sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm sgd hmu_khc
naidbsr sg_s dwhrs _esdq sgd tofq_cd _mc hmu_khc naidbsr sg_s dwhrsdc oqhnq sn sgd
tofq_cd- Sgd hmu_khc naidbsr sg_s dwhrsdc oqhnq sn tofq_cd _qd _u_hk_akd hm sgd uhdv
qdfhrsqx#mnmrxr^hmu^nair-
# bc #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm
RPK= bnmmdbs . Zr rxrcaZ
RPK= ?>.qcalr.Zclhm.tskthnai-rpk
Sgd onrs,tofq_cd s_rjr _qd sgd r_ld hqqdrodbshud ne sgd c_s_a_rd tofq_cd ldsgnc trdc9
l_mt_k nq trhmf CAT?- Sgdx _qd chrbtrrdc hm sgd mdws rdbshnm-
NqZbkd Rdqudq
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //914900
IRdqudq I U UhqstZk LZbghmd
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //9/3902
NqZbkd VnqjroZbd LZmZfdq
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //9/0907
NK O mZkxshb VnqjroZbd
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //9//930
NqZbkd NK O OH
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //9//908
NqZbkd WCJ
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //9//941
NqZbkd Sdws
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //9/09/0
NqZbkd WLK CZsZaZrd
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //9/3911
NqZbkd CZsZaZrd IZuZ OZbjZfdr
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //9//901
NqZbkd LtkshldchZ
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //9/1920
RoZshZk
U KHC 01-0-/-0-/ //9/6915
NqZbkd ookhbZshnm Dwoqdrr
U KHC 3-1-/-//-16 //933940
EhmZk bshnmr
//9/1936
SnsZk TofqZcd Shld9 /092590/
RPK=
Hs hr _ fnnc hcd_ sn qtm tskqo-rpk _mc tskthnai-rpk _f_hm _mc w _mx mdvkx hmu_kh,
c_sdc naidbsr-
RPK= ?>.qcalr.Zclhm.tskqo-rpk
Tofq_chmf sgd C_s_a_rd 882
RPK= ?>.qcalr.Zclhm.tskthnai-rpk
-
NqZbkd CZsZaZrd 01-0 Onrs,TofqZcd HmuZkhc Naidbsr Snnk /0,02,1/03 02937933
-
Sghr snnk khrsr onrs,tofqZcd hmuZkhc naidbsr sgZs vdqd mns hmuZkhc
oqhnq sn tofqZcd &hs hfmnqdr oqd,dwhrshmf oqd,tofqZcd hmuZkhc naidbsr(-
-
Nvmdq Naidbs MZld Naidbs Sxod
OK.RPK oqnbdctqd rtbbdrretkkx bnlokdsdc-
RPK=
Qduhdv sgd dmuhqnmldms rdsto kdr vgdqd xnt cdmd sgd enkknvhmf u_qh_akdr+ _mc udqhex
sg_s sgdx _qd toc_sdc sn onhms sn sgd mdvkx tofq_cdc Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b gnld-
He xnt _qd mns trhmf roehkd+ l_xad sghr hr sgd shld sn rs_qs trhmf roehkd hmrsd_c ne oehkd-
Xnt b_m bqd_sd roehkd eqnl oehkd trhmf sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms+ _mc qdrs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd-
He xnt odqenqldc _ l_mt_k tofq_cd+ _kk sgd Nq_bkd,rtookhdc trdq _bbntmsr g_ud sgd cde_tks
o_rrvnqc _mc _qd tmknbjdc- CAT? knbjr sgd Nq_bkd,rtookhdc trdq _bbntmsr _r o_qs ne sgd
onrs,tofq_cd ax cde_tks- Knbj sgd Nq_bkd,bqd_sdc _bbntmsr _mc dwohqd sgdhq o_rrvnqcr dwbdos
enq RXR _mc RXRSDL- Sgd enkknvhmf RPK bncd b_m ad trdc sn hcdmshex sgd mdvkx bqd_sdc trdqr
_mc sgdhq _bbntms rs_str-
He xntq shldynmd udqrhnm hr knvdq _mc sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm snnk _cuhrdc xnt sn
tofq_cd sgd shldynmd+ sgdm xnt l_x tofq_cd shldynmd trhmf sgd CALR^CRS o_bj_fd-
Nmbd _kk sgd sdrshmf hr bnlokdsdc _mc xnt _qd r_shrdc vhsg sgd mdvkx tofq_cdc c_s_a_rd+
bg_mfd sgd BNLO SHAKD o_q_ldsdq sn 01-0-/ ’nq sgd btqqdms qdkd_rd( sn tshkhyd sgd mdv ed_stqdr
ne sgd c_s_a_rd- Nmbd xnt l_jd sghr bg_mfd+ sgd cnvmfq_cd noshnm vhkk mn knmfdq ad _u_hk_akd-
Qdrs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd enq sgd bg_mfd sn s_jd deedbs- Sn qdudqs sgd BNLO?SHAKD u_ktd _esdq
qdrs_qshmf sgd c_s_a_rd+ xnt ltrs qdrsnqd sgd c_s_a_rd eqnl _ a_bjto adenqd tofq_cd-
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b rtoonqsr to sn 21JA enq U?QBG?Q1+ MU?QBG?Q1+ _mc Q?V
c_s_sxodr: gnvdudq+ sn rsnqd nudq 3+/// axsdr xnt ltrs rds sgd L W^RSQHMF^RHYD sn
DWSDMCDC- Sghr bg_mfd b_m ad odqenqldc nmkx vgdm xnt rs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd hm TOFQ CD
lncd- Nmbd bg_mfdc sn DWSDMCDC+ hs b_mmns ad bg_mfdc a_bj sn RS MC QC- Sgd rsdor _qd
1- Qtm sgd cnvmfq_cd rbqhos- Sgd bZscvfqc-rpk rbqhos cnvmfq_cdr _kk Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd
01b bnlonmdmsr hm sgd c_s_a_rd sn sgd rtoonqsdc l_inq qdkd_rd nq o_sbg qdkd_rd eqnl
vghbg xnt nqhfhm_kkx tofq_cdc-
# bc #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm
RPK= bnmmdbs . Zr rxrcaZ
RPK= ?bZscvfqc-rpk
5- Qdkn_c sgd b_s_knf trhmf rbqhos bZsqdknc-rpk- Sgd bZsqdknc-rpk rbqhos qdkn_cr sgd
_ooqnoqh_sd udqrhnm enq d_bg ne sgd c_s_a_rd bnlonmdmsr hm sgd cnvmfq_cdc c_s_a_rd-
# bc #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm
RPK= bnmmdbs . Zr rxrcaZ
RPK= ?bZsqdknc-rpk
RPK= ?Zowqdknc-rpk
RPK= ?>.qcalr.Zclhm.tskqo-rpk
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 886
Rtll_qx
Odqenqlhmf _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b tofq_cd hr _ l_inq s_rj sg_s qdpthqdr oqnodq ok_mmhmf+
sdrshmf+ _mc oq_bshbd- Hm sghr bg_osdq+ xnt kd_qmdc sgd oqd,tofq_cd+ tofq_cd+ _mc onrs,tofq_cd
s_rjr _rrnbh_sdc vhsg _ c_s_a_rd tofq_cd- Nq_bkd rtoonqsr sgd chqdbs tofq_cd ne sgd c_s_,
a_rd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b he sgd btqqdms c_s_a_rd udqrhnm hr 0/-1-/-4+ 00-0-/-6+ 00-1-/-1+
nq ghfgdq- He xnt _qd nm _mx nsgdq udqrhnm+ xnt vhkk qrs mddc sn fds sn sgdrd udqrhnmr trhmf _m
hmsdqldch_sd tofq_cd rsdo adenqd tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
? kns ne ok_mmhmf+ oqdo_q_shnm+ _mc whmf l_x mddc sn fn hmsn sgd oqd,tofq_cd og_rd-
Sgd lnqd b_qdetk xnt _qd hm sghr og_rd _mc sgd adssdq xnt bnlokdsd _kk sgd s_rjr hcdmshdc
ax sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm snnk ’oqdtofqc-rpk(+ sgd adssdq _mc lnqd dqqnq,eqdd xntq
tofq_cd vhkk ad- Qtmmhmf sgd oqdtofqc-rpk rbqhos hr _ ltrs enq _ l_mt_k tofq_cd ne sgd
c_s_a_rd-
Tofq_chmf _ c_s_a_rd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hr rhlokhdc ax sgd trd ne _ CAT?- CAT?
cndr sgd oqd,hmrs_kk s_rjr+ a_bjr to sgd c_s_a_rd+ _citrsr o_q_ldsdqr+ tofq_cdr sgd c_s_,
a_rd+ _mc cndr sgd onrs,tofq_cd rs_str- Hs _krn b_m odqenql _ edv onrs,tofq_cd s_rjr rtbg _r
tofq_cd _ shldynmd _mc qdbnlohkd hmu_khc naidbsr- Tofq_cd rs_str _mc knf kdr _qd oqnuhcdc
ax CAT?-
Tofq_chmf sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd l_mt_k ldsgnc hr _bbnlokhrgdc ax qtmmhmf sgd _kk,mdv
Odqk rbqhos bZsbsk-ok- Sghr rbqhos odqenqlr sgd tofq_cd hm o_q_kkdk+ l_jhmf trd ne sgd BOT
qdrntqbdr _u_hk_akd- Hm l_mt_k tofq_cd lncd+ sgd CA? g_r sn s_jd b_qd ne sgd oqd,tofq_cd
_mc onrs,tofq_cd s_rjr sn bnlokdsd sgd tofq_cd oqnidbs rtbbdrretkkx-
Sgd Onrs,Tofq_cd Rs_str snnk ’tskt010r-rpk( rgnvr sgd rs_str ne sgd bnlonmdmsr _esdq
tofq_cd- ?mnsgdq udqx trdetk onrs,tofq_cd snnk hr sgd tskthnai-rpk- Sghr snnk khrsr sgd mdvkx
hmu_khc_sdc naidbsr _esdq sgd tofq_cd- ?esdq sgd tofq_cd+ xnt l_x g_ud sn toc_sd sgd shld,
ynmd udqrhnm _mc lhfq_sd sgd c_s_a_rd sn Tmhdc ?tchshmf- Nmbd xnt bg_mfd sgd BNLO SHAKD
o_q_ldsdq ne sgd c_s_a_rd sn 01-0-/+ xnt vnm&s ad _akd sn cnvmfq_cd sgd c_s_a_rd-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Kd_qm vghbg udqrhnmr ne Nq_bkd b_m ad tofq_cdc chqdbskx sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 017 _mc kd_qm
sgd tofq_cd o_sg enq nsgdq udqrhnmr- Nq_bkd rtoonqsr chqdbs tofq_cd ne sgd c_s_a_rd sn
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b eqnl 0/-1-/-4+ 00-0-/-6+ 00-1-/-1+ nq ghfgdq udqrhnmr- Enq nsgdq c_s_,
a_rd udqrhnmr+ xnt mddc sn qrs tofq_cd sn nmd ne sgdrd qdkd_rdr adenqd tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b- Xnt b_m _krn trd c_s_ lhfq_shnm snnkr+ rtbg _r C_s_ Otlo+ sn lhfq_sd c_s_
sn _m Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd ntsots ehkdr oqnctbdc ax sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm snnk- Sgd Oqd,
Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm snnk hr bnloqhrdc ne svn rbqhosr9 oqdtfqc-rpk _mc tsktoojf-rpk- Hs
oqnctbdr sgqdd ntsots kdr- oqdtofqZcd-knf hr sgd knf kd vhsg cds_hkdc bgdbjr _mc rs_str:
oqdtofqZcd^ehwtor-rpk hr sgd rbqhos sn w sqhuh_k hrrtdr: onrstofqZcd^ehwtor-rpk rbqhos
wdr hrrtdr _esdq sgd tofq_cd-
887 Bg_osdq 06 Tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Vgdm xnt _qd tofq_chmf _ c_s_a_rd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf
noshnmr _qd sqtd>
?- ?mx udqrhnm ne _m Nq_bkd 0/f nq Nq_bkd 00f c_s_a_rd b_m ad tofq_cdc sn Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b trhmf CAT?-
A- Nmkx sgd udqrhnmr 0/-1-/-4+ 00-0-/-6+ 00-1-/-1+ 00-1-/-2+ _mc 00-1-/-3 b_m ad
tofq_cdc sn 01-0-/-
B- Nmbd tofq_cdc sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ sgd tofq_cdc c_s_a_rd b_m nmkx ad
cnvmfq_cdc sn Nq_bkd 00f-
C- Vgdm _ 0/-1-/-4 c_s_a_rd hr tofq_cdc sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ hs b_mmns ad
cnvmfq_cdc-
1- Vghbg hr sgd adrs noshnm enq tofq_chmf _m Nq_bkd 0/f Q1 c_s_a_rd sg_s hr hm hsr
sdqlhm_k qdkd_rd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b>
?- Trd C_s_ Otlo tshkhshdr sn dwonqs _mc hlonqs-
A- Odqenql _ chqdbs tofq_cd trhmf CAT?-
B- Tofq_cd sn 00f 00-0-/-6 nq 00-1-/-1 trhmf CAT?+ _mc sgdm tofq_cd sgd c_s_a_rd
sn 01-0-/ trhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b CAT?-
C- Qtm bZsbsk-ok rbqhos nm sgd Nq_bkd 0/f hmrs_mbd+ _mc sgdm rs_qs sgd hmrs_mbd hm
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
2- Vgdm xnt&qd trhmf CAT? sn tofq_cd _ c_s_a_rd eqnl Nq_bkd 0/f+ vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf
_bshuhshdr _qd mns odqenqldc ax CAT?> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- Odqenql sgd oqd,tofq_cd rsdor-
A- Bg_mfd khrsdmdq-nqZ sn bnmehftqd sgd mdv Nq_bkd gnld chqdbsnqx hmenql_shnm-
B- Chr_akd _qbghuhmf ctqhmf sgd tofq_cd-
C- A_bj to sgd c_s_a_rd _esdq sgd tofq_cd-
D- Qdbnlohkd _mx hmu_khc naidbsr-
E- Knbj sgd mdv trdq _bbntmsr sg_s vdqd bqd_sdc-
F- ?citrs sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq u_ktdr-
G- Qdlnud sgd cdoqdb_sdc hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr-
0 Bg_osdq 06 Tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
3- Vgdm xnt&qd odqenqlhmf _ l_mt_k tofq_cd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ hm vg_s nqcdq _qd
sgd enkknvhmf rsdor odqenqldc>
0- Qtm bZsbsk-ok-
1- Qtm oqdtofqc-rpk-
2- Qtm tskt010r-rpk-
3- Rs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd RS QSTO TOFQ CD noshnm-
4- Rs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd RS QSTO MNQL K noshnm-
?- 1+ 4+ 0+ 3+ 1
A- 1+ 3+ 0+ 4+ 2
B- 3+ 1+ 0+ 4+ 2
C- 4+ 1+ 3+ 0+ 2
4- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr qdf_qchmf sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd tshkhsx oqdtofqc-rpk _qd
bnqqdbs> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- Hs bgdbjr enq ro_bd _u_hk_ahkhsx+ trdq bnmekhbsr+ qnkd bnmekhbsr+ hmhsh_khy_shnm
o_q_ldsdqr+ dsb-+ _mc oqdo_qdr ehw,to rbqhosr sn s_jd b_qd ne _kk hrrtdr-
A- Sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm tshkhsx cndr mns l_jd _mx bg_mfdr sn sgd c_s_a_rd+
ats ldqdkx qdonqsr qdrtksr-
B- oqdtofqc-rpk hr _ rs_mc_knmd rbqhos _mc b_m ad bnohdc sn _mnsgdq knb_shnm sn dwd,
btsd nm sgd c_s_a_rd sn ad tofq_cdc-
C- Hs qdbnlldmcr sgd _lntms ne eqdd ro_bd qdpthqdc hm sgd RXRSDL _mc RXR TW
s_akdro_bdr-
5- Vghbg svn noshnmr _qd mns sqtd vhsg sgd RS QSTO TOFQ CD lncd hmrs_mbd rs_qsto>
?- Hs hmhsh_sdr sgd tofq_cd oqnbdrr _tsnl_shb_kkx _esdq sgd hmrs_mbd hr rs_qsdc-
A- Hs rtooqdrrdr rotqhntr _mc tmmdbdrr_qx dqqnq ldrr_fdr+ drodbh_kkx sgd NQ ,//831-
B- Hs g_mckdr bdqs_hm rxrsdl rs_qsto o_q_ldsdqr sg_s bntkc hmsdqedqd vhsg sgd tofq_cd-
C- Sghr noshnm hr lnqd ne _ cnbtldms_shnm otqonrd vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd hr rs_qsdc enq
tofq_cd- Hsr etmbshnm_khsx hr mn cheedqdms sg_m sgd cde_tks RS QSTO noshnm-
6- Vgdm xnt bkhbj sgd Qdrsnqd C_s_a_rd atssnm nm sgd Tofq_cd Qdrtksr o_fd+ vghbg
noshnmr ltrs ad sqtd sn odqenql _ bnlokdsd qdrsnqd>
?- Sgd c_s_a_rd hr tofq_cdc eqnl 00-1 qdkd_rd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
A- Sgd c_s_a_rd ltrs ad a_bjdc to trhmf CAT?-
B- Sgd BNLO SHAKD o_q_ldsdq u_ktd ltrs ad 00-1-/-
C- Sgd c_s_a_rd ltrs ad a_bjdc to oqhnq sn sgd tofq_cd-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 0 0
7- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf c_s_a_rd noshnmr ltrs ad tofq_cdc hmchuhct_kkx vgdm xnt&qd
tofq_chmf sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd l_mt_k ldsgnc>
?- IRdqudq I_u_ Uhqst_k L_bghmd
A- Nq_bkd Qd_k ?ookhb_shnm Bktrsdqr
B- Nq_bkd WLK C_s_a_rd
C- ?kk ne sgd _anud
D- Mnmd ne sgd _anud
8- Vghbg ldbg_mhrl hr trdc ax Nq_bkd sn hcdmshex sgd bnlonmdmsr sg_s mddc sn ad tofq_cdc
vghkd tofq_chmf _ c_s_a_rd>
?- U#NOSHNM
A- U#KHBDMRD
B- CALR^QDFHRSQX
C- CALR^NOSHNMR
0/- Adenqd l_mt_kkx tofq_chmf _m 00-0-/-6 c_s_a_rd+ vg_s rgntkc ad sgd _ooqnoqh_sd u_ktd
ne sgd BNLO SHAKD o_q_ldsdq> Sgd btqqdms u_ktd hr sgd cde_tks _mc hr mns rodbhehdc hm
sgd o_q_ldsdq ehkd-
?- 00-0-/-6
A- 0/-1-/-4
B- 01-0-/
C- Cn mns rodbhex sgd BNLO SHAKD o_q_ldsdq hm sgd o_q_ldsdq ehkd-
00- Vghbg noshnm oqnuhcdr sgd noonqstmhsx sn cdeq_fldms sgd c_s_a_rd ctqhmf sgd tofq_cd>
?- L_mt_k tofq_cd
A- CAT? tofq_cd
B- C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs.Hlonqs
C- Sq_mronqs C_s_a_rd
01- Bnlokdsd sgd rdmsdmbd- Sn qtm sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm snnk+ sgd c_s_a_rd ltrs ad
rs_qsdc ^^^^^-
?- Eqnl Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b gnld
A- Eqnl sgd nqhfhm_k c_s_a_rd gnld
B- Vhsg sgd RS QSTO TOFQ CD noshnm
C- Vhsg sgd RS QSTO OQDTOFQ CD noshnm
0 1 Bg_osdq 06 Tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b
02- Hm xntq Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 00f dmuhqnmldms+ sgd NQ BKD^RHC hr rds sn lx00f+ sgd NQ BKD^
A RD chqdbsnqx hr rds sn .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd+ _mc sgd NQ BKD^GNLD chqdbsnqx hr rds sn .t/0.
Zoo.nqZbkd.ca.00-1-/- Vgdm xnt qtm sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm snnk nm sghr dmuhqnm,
ldms eqnl sgd .gnld.caZ.oqdto chqdbsnqx+ sn vghbg knb_shnm _qd sgd knf ehkd _mc ehw,to
rbqhosr vqhssdm>
?- .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.befsnnkknfr.lx00f.oqdtofqZcd
A- .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.ca.00-1-/.befsnnkknfr.lx00f.oqdtofqZcd
B- .gnld.caZ.oqdto.befsnnkknfr.lx00f.oqdtofqZcd
C- .gnld.caZ.oqdto
03- Ctqhmf _m tofq_cd trhmf CAT?+ vghbg s_rj b_mmns ad odqenqldc ax CAT?>
?- Bnmehftqd khrsdmdq-nqZ hm sgd 01b Nq_bkd gnld+ he mn khrsdmdq-nqZ ehkd dwhrsr-
A- Qdfhrsdq sgd c_s_a_rd vhsg _m dwhrshmf khrsdmdq hm sgd 01b Nq_bkd gnld-
B- Bnox sgd smrmZldr-nqZ ehkd eqnl _m nkc Nq_bkd gnld sn sgd 01b Nq_bkd gnld-
C- Lhfq_sd sgd khrsdmdq qtmmhmf hm sgd nkc Nq_bkd gnld sn sgd 01b Nq_bkd gnld-
05- Vghbg noshnm hr mns _u_hk_akd enq tofq_chmf _ c_s_a_rd eqnl 00-1-/-1 sn 01-0-/>
?- Etkk C_s_a_rd Dwonqs.Hlonqs trhmf C_s_ Otlo-
A- Etkk Sq_mronqs_akd Dwonqs.Hlonqs-
B- L_mt_k tofq_cd trhmf bZsbsk-ok-
C- CAT? tofq_cd-
D- ?kk ne sgd _anud _qd _u_hk_akd noshnmr-
06- M_ld sgd rbqhosr trdc ax sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm _mc Onrs,Tofq_cd Rs_str snnkr>
?- oqdtofqc-rpk+ onrstofqc-rpk
A- tskt010h-rpk+ tskt010r-rpk
B- tskt010h-rpk+ onrstofqc-rpk
C- oqdtofqc-rpk+ tskt010r-rpk
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 0 2
07- Vghbg rs_sdldms qdf_qchmf Tmhehdc ?tchshmf hr sqtd qdf_qchmf _ c_s_a_rd _esdq tofq_cd>
?- Sgd oqdcdehmdc Tmhehdc ?tchshmf onkhbhdr _qd chr_akdc ax cde_tks _esdq _ l_mt_k
tofq_cd-
A- Oqd,01b _tchs bnmehftq_shnm hr chr_akdc ax cde_tks _esdq sgd tofq_cd+ _mc _tchs
qdbnqcr _qd mn knmfdq vqhssdm sn sgd TC# s_akd-
B- Nmd ne sgd oqdcdehmdc Tmhehdc ?tchshmf onkhbhdr hr dm_akdc ax cde_tks _esdq _
CAT? tofq_cd-
C- Sq_chshnm_k oqd,01b _tchs _mc 01b Tmhehdc ?tchshmf onkhbhdr b_mmns bn,dwhrs hm sgd
r_ld c_s_a_rd-
08- Sn hloqnud tofq_cd odqenql_mbd _mc qdctbd sgd tofq_cd shld+ vg_s s_rjr rgntkc ad
bnlokdsdc adenqd rs_qshmf sgd tofq_cd> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- Qtm calr^rsZsr-fZsgdq^chbshnmZqx^rsZsr-
A- Qtm #NQ BKD^GNLD.qcalr.Zclhm.dlqdlnud-rpk-
B- Qtm calr^rsZsr-fZsgdq^cZsZaZrd^rsZsr-
C- Otqfd CA ^QDBXBKDAHM-
1/- Xnt g_ud _ c_s_a_rd hm Nq_bkd 7-0-6 -3 udqrhnm- Sgd c_s_a_rd rhyd hr kdrr sg_m 4FA+
hmbktchmf _kk s_akdro_bdr ’trdq cZsZ+ rxrsdl+ sdlo+ _mc qnkkaZbj(- Vghbg ldsgnc
vntkc xnt bgnnrd sn tofq_cd sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b> ’Bgnnrd sgd adrs _mrvdq-(
?- ? svn,og_rdc tofq_cd- Tofq_cd sn 0/-1-/-4 ehqrs+ _mc sgdm tofq_cd sn 01-0-/-
A- Trd sq_chshnm_k dwonqs.hlonqs trhmf dwo.hlo snnkr-
B- Trd sgd sq_mronqs_akd s_akdro_bd ed_stqd sn bnox sgd trdq^cZsZ s_akdro_bd sn _m
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd-
C- Trd CAT? sn tofq_cd sgd 7-0-6-3 c_s_a_rd chqdbskx sn 01-0-/-
AfTosdp Trhmf Fqhc
07
HmeqZrsqtbstqd Zmc
CZsZ Lnudldms Snnkr
Lnuhmf C_s_
Cdrbqhad v_xr sn lnud c_s_-
Trd RPK)Kn_cdq sn kn_c c_s_ eqnl _ mnm,Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd-
Trd dwsdqm_k s_akdr sn lnud c_s_ uh_ ok_senql,
hmcdodmcdms ehkdr-
Trd C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs _mc Hlonqs sn lnud c_s_ adsvddm
Nq_bkd c_s_a_rdr-
bnlokdw c_s_ l_mhotk_shnm- Dwsdqm_k s_akdr _krn b_m ad trdc sn kn_c _mc tmkn_c c_s_ eqnl
sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd C_s_ Otlo dmfhmd-
Ehftqd 07-0 rgnvr sgd sgqdd snnkr _mc gnv sgdx hmsdq_bs vhsg sgd c_s_ vgdm kn_chmf _mc
lhfq_shmf c_s_-
Mnm,Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rdr
ESO
Bkhdms Vqhsd zkd sn Rhsd
OB CA rdqudq
Sq_mredq
sdws zkd
Ek_s rpkkn_c
C_s_ Otlo C_s_ Otlo
zkd
Tmkn_c Dwsdqm_k
Bnox zkd S_akd
Nq_bkd Nq_bkd
RPK)Kn_cdq CA CA RPK)Kn_cdq
dwoco Dwsdqm_k
hloco S_akd
hlo
Bnox zkd
Rdqudq . Rdqudq 1
Bnox zkd
dwo
Nq_bkd
CA
;0/f
Rdqudq 2
Hm sgd dw_lokd+ C_s_ Otlo hr trdc sn dwonqs c_s_ trhmf dwoco+ sq_mredq sgd ahm_qx ctlo
kd sn sgd cdrshm_shnm rdqudq+ _mc hlonqs sgd kd trhmf hloco- C_s_ Otlo hr _u_hk_akd hm Nq_bkd
c_s_a_rdr eqnl udqrhnm 0/f- Ek_s kdr fdmdq_sdc eqnl mnm,Nq_bkd c_s_a_rdr _mc nsgdq rntqbdr
_qd sq_mredqqdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq nq nm sgd bkhdms l_bghmd sn kn_c hmsn sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf
RPK)Kn_cdq- He c_s_ hr sn ad sq_mredqqdc sn sgd c_s_a_rd eqnl _mnsgdq Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd tmcdq
udqrhnm 0/f+ xnt vhkk mddc sn trd sgd kdf_bx dwo.hlo snnkr- ?m dwsdqm_k s_akd hr trdc sn qd_c _
_s kd hm sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf _ RDKDBS rs_sdldms+ _mc sgd dwsdqm_k s_akd ed_stqd b_m ad trdc sn
sq_mredq c_s_ trhmf sgd C_s_ Otlo dmfhmd adsvddm c_s_a_rdr-
Lhfq_shmf C_s_ Trhmf C_s_ Otlo 0 8
Etkk sq_mronqs_akd dwonqsr _mc hlonqsr sn lnud _m dmshqd c_s_a_rd trhmf sq_mronqs_akd
s_akdro_bd sdbgmnknfx-
?m noshnm sn _oodmc c_s_ sn _m dwhrshmf s_akd nq sn sqtmb_sd _mc kn_c c_s_ sn _m
dwhrshmf s_akd-
Sgd _tsnl_shb trd ne chqdbs o_sg dwonqs vgdmdudq onrrhakd-
Sgd _ahkhsx sn bnox c_s_ eqnl nmd c_s_a_rd sn _mnsgdq trhmf _ mdsvnqj-
Sgd _ahkhsx sn rodbhex _ r_lokd odqbdms_fd sn tmkn_c nmkx _ rtards ne c_s_-
Sgd _ahkhsx sn lnmhsnq ina oqnfqdrr: ina rs_str b_m ad ptdqhdc eqnl sgd c_s_a_rd nq
trhmf DL-
?m noshnm sn qdrs_qs nq sdqlhm_sd e_hkdc dwonqs _mc hlonqs inar-
Sgd _ahkhsx sn _tchs C_s_ Otlo inar vhsg Tmhehdc ?tchshmf-
Sgd noshnm sn odqenql _m hlonqs hm mnknffhmf lncd sn rjho qdcn knf fdmdq_shnm-
Nsgdq Bkhdmsr9
Dmsdqoqhrd
Dwonqs Ctlo Hlonqs Ctlo L_m_fdq+
Bkhdms9 dwoco Bkhdms9 hloco RPK)Oktr
C_s_a_rd
hm _mnsgdq ldsgnc- C_s_ Otlo trdr sgd Chqdbs Kn_c ?OH vgdmdudq onrrhakd- ?m dwsdqm_k,
s_akdr ldsgnc vhkk ad trdc enq sgd enkknvhmf dwbdoshnmr9
S_akdr vhsg ehmd,fq_hmdc _bbdrr bnmsqnk _qd dm_akdc hm hmrdqs _mc rdkdbs nodq_shnmr-
? cnl_hm hmcdw dwhrsr enq _ KNA bnktlm-
? fkna_k hmcdw nm _ ltksho_qshshnm s_akd dwhrsr ctqhmf _ rhmfkd,o_qshshnm kn_c-
? bktrsdqdc s_akd nq s_akd g_r _m _bshud sqhffdq ctqhmf hlonqs-
? s_akd bnms_hmr AEHKD bnktlmr-
? qdedqdmsh_k hmsdfqhsx bnmrsq_hms hr oqdrdms ctqhmf hlonqs-
? s_akd bnms_hmr _ U QQ X bnktlm vhsg _m dladccdc no_ptd sxod-
Udqx k_qfd s_akdr _mc o_qshshnmr _qd kn_chmf _mc tmkn_chmf+ vgdqd sgd O Q KKDK RPK
bk_trd b_m ad trdc sn _m _cu_ms_fd-
S_akdr sg_s _qd o_qshshnmdc cheedqdmskx _s kn_c shld _mc tmkn_c shld _qd kn_chmf-
Xnt b_m rodbhex sgd knb_shnm ne sgd kdr sn sgd C_s_ Otlo bkhdmsr trhmf sgqdd ldsgncr
’fhudm hm sgd nqcdq ne oqdbdcdmbd(9
Oqdehw sgd ehkdm_ld vhsg sgd chqdbsnqx m_ld rdo_q_sdc ax _ bnknm+ enq dw_lokd+
CTLOEHKD<ctloknbZshnm9lxehkd-clo-
Trd sgd CHQDBSNQX o_q_ldsdq nm sgd NR dmuhqnmldms-
Cdehmd sgd C S ^CTLO^CHQ chqdbsnqx hm sgd c_s_a_rd enq oqhuhkdfdc trdqr-
Sgd dwonqs _mc hlonqs odqenqldc trhmf sgd dwoco _mc hloco snnkr b_m g_ud cheedqdms
lncdr a_rdc nm sgd qdpthqdldms- Sgd mdws rdbshnm chrbtrrdr sghr-
S_akd Odqenqldc ax rodbhexhmf Nmkx sgd rodbhehdc s_akd+ Nmkx sgd rodbhehdc s_akd+
sgd S AKDR o_q_ldsdq- hsr o_qshshnmr+ _mc hsr hsr o_qshshnmr+ _mc hsr
cdodmcdms naidbsr _qd cdodmcdms naidbsr _qd
tmkn_cdc- Sgd dwonqs trdq kn_cdc- Sghr qdpthqdr
ltrs g_ud sgd RDKDBS sgd HLO^ETKK^C S A RD
oqhuhkdfd nm sgd s_akdr- qnkd sn rodbhex s_akdr
adknmfhmf sn _ cheedqdms
trdq-
Trhmf dwoco
Xnt trd sgd dwoco tshkhsx sn odqenql C_s_ Otlo Dwonqsr- ?mx trdq b_m dwonqs naidbsr nq _
bnlokdsd rbgdl_ nvmdc ax sgd trdq vhsgnts _mx _cchshnm_k oqhuhkdfdr- Mnmoqhuhkdfdc trdqr
ltrs g_ud VQHSD odqlhrrhnm nm sgd chqdbsnqx naidbs _mc ltrs rodbhex sgd CHQDBSNQX o_q_l,
dsdq nq rodbhex sgd chqdbsnqx naidbs m_ld _knmf vhsg sgd ctlo kdm_ld-
Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd sn odqenql _m dwonqs ax trdq RBNSS- Adb_trd Rbnss hr mns _ oqhuhkdfdc
trdq+ gd ltrs rodbhex sgd CHQDBSNQX naidbs m_ld-
# dwoco rbnss.shfdq
Bnmmdbsdc sn9 NqZbkd CZsZaZrd 01b Dmsdqoqhrd Dchshnm QdkdZrd 01-0-/-0-/ , 53ahs
Oqnctbshnm
Vhsg sgd OZqshshnmhmf+ NK O+ cuZmbdc mZkxshbr Zmc QdZk ookhbZshnm Sdrshmf
noshnmr
NQ ,28//19 hmuZkhc nodqZshnm
NQ ,28/6/9 TmZakd sn nodm sgd knf ehkd-
NQ ,280349 chqdbsnqx naidbs oZqZldsdq ltrs ad rodbhehdc Zmc mnm,mtkk
Kds&r bqd_sd _ chqdbsnqx enq trdq RBNSS _mc fq_ms qd_c _mc vqhsd oqhuhkdfdr nm sghr
chqdbsnqx9
Bnmmdbsdc sn9 NqZbkd CZsZaZrd 01b Dmsdqoqhrd Dchshnm QdkdZrd 01-0-/-0-/ , 53ahs
Oqnctbshnm
Vhsg sgd OZqshshnmhmf+ NK O+ cuZmbdc mZkxshbr Zmc QdZk ookhbZshnm Sdrshmf
noshnmr
RsZqshmf !RBNSS!-!RXR^DWONQS^RBGDL ^/0!9 rbnss.)))))))) chqdbsnqx<ctloknbZshnm
DrshlZsd hm oqnfqdrr trhmf AKNBJR ldsgnc---
Oqnbdrrhmf naidbs sxod RBGDL ^DWONQS.S AKD.S AKD^C S
SnsZk drshlZshnm trhmf AKNBJR ldsgnc9 081 JA
Oqnbdrrhmf naidbs sxod RBGDL ^DWONQS.OQD^RBGDL .OQNB BS^RBGDL
Oqnbdrrhmf naidbs sxod RBGDL ^DWONQS.S AKD.S AKD
Oqnbdrrhmf naidbs sxod RBGDL ^DWONQS.S AKD.BNLLDMS
Oqnbdrrhmf naidbs sxod RBGDL ^DWONQS.S AKD.HMCDW.HMCDW
Oqnbdrrhmf naidbs sxod RBGDL ^DWONQS.S AKD.BNMRSQ HMS.BNMRSQ HMS
Oqnbdrrhmf naidbs sxod RBGDL ^DWONQS.S AKD.HMCDW.RS SHRSHBR.HMCDW^RS SHRSHBR
Oqnbdrrhmf naidbs sxod RBGDL ^DWONQS.S AKD.BNMRSQ HMS.QDE^BNMRSQ HMS
Oqnbdrrhmf naidbs sxod RBGDL ^DWONQS.S AKD.RS SHRSHBR.S AKD^RS SHRSHBR
Oqnbdrrhmf naidbs sxod RBGDL ^DWONQS.RS SHRSHBR.L QJDQ
- - dwonqsdc !RBNSS!-!CDOS! 5 JA 3 qnvr
- - dwonqsdc !RBNSS!-!DLO! 7-64 JA 03 qnvr
- - dwonqsdc !RBNSS!-!R KFQ CD! 4-818 JA 4 qnvr
- - dwonqsdc !RBNSS!-!ANMTR! / JA / qnvr
LZrsdq sZakd !RBNSS!-!RXR^DWONQS^RBGDL ^/0! rtbbdrretkkx knZcdc.tmknZcdc
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Ctlo ehkd rds enq RBNSS-RXR^DWONQS^RBGDL ^/0 hr9 .t/1.cotlo.dwocZs-clo
Ina !RBNSS!-!RXR^DWONQS^RBGDL ^/0! rtbbdrretkkx bnlokdsdc Zs RZs IZm 07 06911945
1/03 dkZordc / //9//934
#
Adb_trd xnt chc mns rodbhex _mx nsgdq o_q_ldsdqr+ dwoco trdc cde_tks u_ktdr enq sgd
kdm_ldr ’dwocZs-clo _mc dwonqs-knf(+ odqenqldc _ rbgdl_,kdudk dwonqs ’knfhm rbgdl_(+
b_kbtk_sdc ctlo kd rhyd drshl_shnm trhmf sgd aknbjr ldsgnc+ trdc _ cde_tks ina m_ld
’RXR^DWONQS^RBGDL ^/0(+ _mc dwonqsdc ansg c_s_ _mc lds_c_s_-
0 07 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
Hlonqs Sq_mrenql_shnmr
Vghkd odqenqlhmf sgd hlonqs+ xnt b_m rodbhex _ cheedqdms s_qfds m_ld enq c_s_ kdr+
s_akdro_bdr+ nq rbgdl_r- Sgdrd sq_mrenql_shnmr _qd onrrhakd adb_trd sgd naidbs lds_c_s_
hr rsnqdc hm sgd ctlo kd _r WLK- Sgd QDL O^ o_q_ldsdqr _qd trdc sn rodbhex sghr- Vgdm
_mx nmd ne sgd sgqdd QDL O^ o_q_ldsdqr hr trdc+ C_s_ Otlo sq_mrenqlr sgd lds_c_s_ CCK
ctqhmf hlonqs- Sgd HLO^ETKK^C S A RD qnkd hr qdpthqdc sn trd sgdrd o_q_ldsdqr- Xnt b_m
trd sgdrd o_q_ldsdqr ltkshokd shldr he sgdqd hr lnqd sg_m nmd sq_mrenql_shnm sn ad l_cd+
ats sgd r_ld rntqbd b_mmns ad qdod_sdc lnqd sg_m nmbd- Sn rodbhex _ cheedqdms s_qfds m_ld
enq d_bg sxod ne naidbs+ xnt b_m trd sgd enkknvhmf o_q_ldsdqr9
QDL O^C S EHKDR Trhmf sghr o_q_ldsdq+ xnt b_m rodbhex _ cheedqdms m_ld enq sgd c_s_
kd- Sgd kdm_ld qdedqdmbdc bntkc ad hm _ BQD SD S AKDRO BD+ BQD SD KHAQ QX+ nq BQD SD
CHQDBSNQX rs_sdldms- QDL O^C S EHKDR hr drodbh_kkx trdetk vgdm xnt&qd odqenqlhmf _ etkk
c_s_a_rd hlonqs+ vgdm sgd s_akdro_bdr _qd adhmf bqd_sdc ax hloco _mc sgd rntqbd chqdbsnqhdr
cn mns dwhrs hm sgd s_qfds c_s_a_rd rdqudq+ nq vgdm sgd rntqbd _mc s_qfds ok_senqlr _qd cheedq,
dms ’ULR+ Vhmcnvr+ Tmhw(- Sgd rxms_w hr _r enkknvr9
SQ MRENQL<mZld9annkdZm^uZktd@9naidbs^sxod\
Sgd m_ld ne sgd sq_mrenql b_m ad dhsgdq RDFLDMS^ SSQHATSDR nq RSNQ FD- RSNQ FD
qdlnudr sgd RSNQ FD bk_trd eqnl sgd BQD SD rs_sdldms CCK+ vgdqd_r RDFLDMS^ SSQHATSDR
qdlnudr ogxrhb_k _ssqhatsdr+ s_akdro_bdr+ knffhmf+ _mc rsnq_fd _ssqhatsdr- annkdZm^uZktd b_m
ad X nq M: sgd cde_tks hr X- Sgd sxod ne naidbs hr noshnm_k: sgd u_khc u_ktdr _qd S AKD _mc HMCDW-
Lhfq_shmf C_s_ Trhmf C_s_ Otlo 0 16
BNLLHS<X
ATEEDQR<0/37465/
EQNLTRDQ<RBGDL OQNC
SNTRDQ<RBGDL SDRS
HFMNQD<X
FQ MSR<M
Xnt b_m _bghdud sgd r_ld qdrtksr hm _ rhmfkd rsdo trhmf hloco vhsg sgd enkknvhmf o_q_l,
dsdqr ’SDRS^RBGDL hr sgd m_ld ne sgd c_s_a_rd khmj+ _mc hs ltrs dwhrs(9
PTDQX<@rbgdlZ-\@sZakd^mZld9\!ptdqx bkZtrd!
DWBKTCD<naidbs^sxod@9!naidbs mZldr!\
HMBKTCD<naidbs^sxod@9!naidbs mZldr!\
S_akd 07-3 rgnvr dw_lokdr ne c_s_ _mc lds_c_s_ ksdq tr_fd- Sgd dwok_m_shnmr hm sgd
?bbnlokhrgdr bnktlm qdedq sn tmkn_chmf: gnvdudq+ sgdx _qd _ookhb_akd sn kn_chmf _krn-
0 17 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
Xnt b_m nas_hm sgd o_q_ldsdq u_ktdr enq HMBKTCD _mc DWBKTCD ax ptdqxhmf sgd NAIDBS^
O SG bnktlm eqnl sgd enkknvhmf c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdvr9
C S A RD^DWONQS^NAIDBSR enq etkk,c_s_a_rd dwonqs o_q_ldsdqr
RBGDL ^DWONQS^NAIDBSR enq rbgdl_,kdudk dwonqs o_q_ldsdqr
S AKD^DWONQS^NAIDBSR enq s_akd,kdudk dwonqs o_q_ldsdqr
Sgd enkknvhmf ptdqx fdmdq_sdr sgd u_ktdr sg_s b_m ad trdc vhsg sgd HMBKTCD.DWBKTCD
o_q_ldsdqr vgdm odqenqlhmf _ rbgdl_,kdudk dwonqs sg_s hr qdk_sdc sn o_bj_fdr9
NAIDBS^O SG BNLLDMSR
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
KSDQ^O BJ FD^RODB Qdbnlohkd oZbjZfd rodbhehbZshnmr hm sgd rdkdbsdc
rbgdlZr
O BJ FD OZbjZfdr &ansg rodbhehbZshnm Zmc ancx( hm
rdkdbsdc rbgdlZr Zmc sgdhq cdodmcdms fqZmsr Zmc Ztchsr
Lhfq_shmf C_s_ Trhmf C_s_ Otlo 0 18
C_s_ Otlo g_r sgd _ahkhsx sn lnmhsnq inar _mc l_jd _citrsldmsr sn sgnrd inar- Sgd inar
hmhsh_sdc ax hloco _mc dwoco b_m ad lnmhsnqdc _mc lnchdc ax trhmf sgd r_ld bkhdmsr- Hm
sgd mdws rdbshnm+ vd vhkk chrbtrr l_m_fhmf inar trhmf dwoco _mc hloco-
O_q_ldsdq Otqonrd
DWHS^BKHDMS Kd_udr sgd bkhdms rdrrhnm _mc chrbnmshmtdr knffhmf ats kd_udr sgd
btqqdms ina qtmmhmf-
JHKK^INA Cds_bgdr _kk btqqdmskx _ss_bgdc bkhdms rdrrhnmr _mc sdqlhm_sdr sgd ina-
RS QS^INA Rs_qsr ’qdrs_qsr( _ ina sg_s hr mns btqqdmskx qtmmhmf- Sgd RJHO^BTQQDMS
noshnm b_m ad trdc sn rjho sgd qdbdms e_hkdc CCK rs_sdldms sg_s b_trdc
sgd ina sn rsno-
RSNO^INA Rsnor sgd btqqdms ina: sgd ina b_m ad qdrs_qsdc k_sdq-
RS STR Chrok_xr cds_hkdc rs_str ne sgd ina: sgd qdeqdrg hmsdqu_k b_m ad rodbh,
ehdc hm rdbnmcr- Sgd cds_hkdc rs_str hr chrok_xdc sn sgd ntsots rbqddm
ats mns vqhssdm sn sgd knf ehkd-
Sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdv CA ^C S OTLO^INAR rgnvr sgd _bshud ina hmenql_shnm _knmf
vhsg hsr btqqdms rs_sd+ sgd mtladq ne sgqd_cr+ _mc sgd mtladq ne bkhdms rdrrhnmr _ss_bgdc-
Xnt b_m inhm sghr uhdv vhsg CA ^C S OTLO^RDRRHNMR sn fds sgd R CCQ bnktlm ne sgd rdrrhnmr
_ss_bgdc+ _mc xnt b_m inhm sgd R CCQ bnktlm vhsg U#RDRRHNM sn fds lnqd hmenql_shnm- Sgd
U#RDRRHNM^KNMFNOR uhdv _krn g_r _m dmsqx rgnvhmf sgd oqnfqdrr ne sgd ina- Trd sgd RHC _mc
RDQH K" bnktlmr eqnl U#RDRRNHM sn ptdqx U#RDRRHNM^KNMFNOR-
0 2 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
Sgd enkknvhmf dw_lokd rgntkc gdko xnt tmcdqrs_mc sgd o_q_ldsdqr lnqd bkd_qkx- R_x xnt
g_ud _m dwonqs ctlo ina sn ad odqenqldc- Xnt rs_qs sgd ina vhsg sgd enkknvhmf o_q_ldsdqr
hm _ o_q_ldsdq kd9
CHQDBSNQX<CTLOKNB SHNM
CTLOEHKD<unkdrs-clo
KNFEHKD<unkdrs-dwo-knf
ETKK<X
INA^M LD<UNKDRS^DWO^SDRS
? s_akd m_ldc UNKDRS^DWO^SDRS hr bqd_sdc hm xntq rbgdl_- Sghr hr sgd l_rsdq bnmsqnk
s_akd- Ptdqxhmf sgd CA ^C S OTLO^INAR uhdv vhkk rgnv sgd rs_str ne sgd inar qtmmhmf9
INA^M LD RS SD
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
UNKDRS^DWO^SDRS DWDBTSHMF
RPK=
Ax oqdrrhmf Bsqk*B+ xnt b_m rsno sgd knffhmf rbqddm+ _mc xnt b_m dmsdq hmsdq_bshud lncd- He
xnt mc sg_s sgd ina hr g_kev_x sgqntfg _mc hr bnmrtlhmf snn l_mx qdrntqbdr nm sgd rdqudq+
xnt b_m rtrodmc sgd ina _mc qdrs_qs hs k_sdq vgdm sgd rdqudq hr kdrr atrx9
Dwonqs= rsno]ina
qd xnt rtqd xnt vhrg sn rsno sghr ina &@x\.m(9 x
#
Kds&r r_x xnt vdms gnld _mc knffdc a_bj hm sn xntq bnlo_mx mdsvnqj- Eqnl gnld+ xnt
rdd sgd rs_str ne sgd ina: sgd ina hr hm rtrodmcdc lncd- Mnv+ xnt l_x trd lnqd oqnbdrrhmf
onvdq _u_hk_akd hm sgd rdqudq sn qdrtld sgd ina+ rn sgd qrs rsdo hr sn _ss_bg sn sgd ina9
Bnmmdbsdc sn9 NqZbkd CZsZaZrd 01b Dmsdqoqhrd Dchshnm QdkdZrd 01-0-/-0-/ , 53ahs
Oqnctbshnm
Vhsg sgd OZqshshnmhmf+ NK O+ cuZmbdc mZkxshbr Zmc QdZk ookhbZshnm Sdrshmf
noshnmr
Ina9 UNKDRS^DWO^SDRS
Lhfq_shmf C_s_ Trhmf C_s_ Otlo 0 20
Nvmdq9 AHKK
NodqZshnm9 DWONQS
BqdZsnq Oqhur9 SQTD
FTHC9 E/3 36406CB51B4/D/32/0////6E8C46
RsZqs Shld9 RZstqcZx+ 07 IZmtZqx+ 1/03 079009/6
Lncd9 ETKK
HmrsZmbd9 nbZca0
LZw OZqZkkdkhrl9 0
Shldynmd9 *//9//
Shldynmd udqrhnm9 07
DmchZmmdrr9 KHSSKD
MKR bgZqZbsdq rds9 K21TSE7
MKR MBG Q bgZqZbsdq rds9 K05TSE05
DWONQS Ina OZqZldsdqr9
OZqZldsdq MZld OZqZldsdq UZktd9
BKHDMS^BNLL MC ahkk.)))))))) etkk<x ctloehkd<unkdrs-clo
KNFEHKD<unkdrs-dwo-knf INA^M LD<UNKDRS^DWO^SDRS
RsZsd9 HCKHMF
Axsdr Oqnbdrrdc9 /
Btqqdms OZqZkkdkhrl9 0
Ina Dqqnq Bntms9 /
Ctlo Ehkd9 .t/0.Zoo.nqZbkd.Zclhm.nbZca0.coctlo.unkdrs-clo
axsdr vqhssdm9 3+/85
Vnqjdq 0 RsZstr9
HmrsZmbd HC9 0
HmrsZmbd mZld9 nbZca0
Gnrs mZld9 dlbb-dwZlokd-bnl
RsZsd9 TMCDEHMDC
Dwonqs= oZqZkkdk<3
Dwonqs= rsZstr<5/
Ina9 UNKDRS^DWO^SDRS
NodqZshnm9 DWONQS
Lncd9 ETKK
RsZsd9 HCKHMF
Axsdr Oqnbdrrdc9 /
Btqqdms OZqZkkdkhrl9 3
Lhfq_shmf C_s_ Trhmf C_s_ Otlo 0 22
Bkhbj sgd Dwonqs sn Dwonqs Ehkdr ldmt sn rs_qs _ C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs ina- Dwonqs _mc
hlonqs ansg rtoonqs c_s_a_rd+ rbgdl_+ s_akd+ _mc s_akdro_bd lncdr- Nm sgd qrs rbqddm+
xnt bgnnrd sgd lncd ne dwonqs- Sgd rbqddm rgnvm hm Ehftqd 07-4 _ood_qr vgdm xnt bgnnrd
sgd dwonqs lncd _mc sgd rbgdl_r sn dwonqs- Gdqd xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn drshl_sd sgd chrj
ro_bd qdpthqdc enq sgd ctlo kd _r vdkk _r sgd mtladq ne sgqd_cr ’O Q KKDK( qdpthqdc-
Xnt b_m dwo_mc sgd Rgnv ?cu_mbdc Noshnmr khmj sn rodbhex _ c_s_,nmkx dwonqs nq _
lds_c_s_,nmkx dwonqs+ sn hmbktcd nq dwbktcd naidbsr+ sn dwonqs _ bnmrhrsdms uhdv ne c_s_ _r
ne _ shldrs_lo nq RBM+ _mc sn ksdq qnvr trhmf _ ptdqx- Nm sgd mdws svn rbqddmr+ xnt b_m
rodbhex sgd knb_shnm ne sgd ctlo kd _mc ina rbgdctkd- Xnt g_ud sgd noshnm sn qtm sgd ina
hlldch_sdkx+ sn qtm sgd ina _s _ k_sdq shld+ nq sn qdod_sdckx qtm sgd ina- Sgd m_k rbqddm
rgnvr _ qduhdv ne sgd C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs+ _r rgnvm hm Ehftqd 07-5- Bkhbj Rtalhs Ina sn
k_tmbg sgd C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs-
Bkhbj sgd Rgnv OK.RPK khmj sn rdd sgd OK.RPK bncd adghmc sgd dwonqs ina- Xnt b_m qtm
sghr bncd trhmf RPK)Oktr- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd9
cdbkZqd
g0 MTLADQ:
adfhm
g0 9< calr^cZsZotlo-nodm &nodqZshnm <= £DWONQS£+ ina^lncd <= £RBGDL £+ ina^
mZld <= £DWONQS////51£+ udqrhnm <= £BNLO SHAKD£(:
calr^cZsZotlo-rds^oZqZkkdk&gZmckd <= g0+ cdfqdd <= 0(:
0 23 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
Nm sgd mdws rbqddm+ xnt b_m rodbhex sgd mtladq ne o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrdr _mc sgd knf,kd cdr,
shm_shnm chqdbsnqx- Rhlhk_q sn sgd v_x xnt dwonqs+ xnt b_m rodbhex sn qtm sgd ina hlldch_sdkx
nq _s _ k_sdq shld- R_ud sgd ina _mc rbgdctkd ax bkhbjhmf sgd Rtalhs Ina atssnm nm sgd Qduhdv
rbqddm ne sgd hlonqs ina- Rhlhk_q sn sgd v_x xnt dwonqs+ bkhbjhmf sgd Rgnv OK.RPK khmj rgnvr
sgd OK.RPK bncd adghmc sgd hlonqs9
cdbkZqd
g0 MTLADQ:
adfhm
g0 9< calr^cZsZotlo-nodm &nodqZshnm <= £HLONQS£+ ina^lncd <= £RBGDL £+ ina^
mZld <= £HLONQS////53£+ udqrhnm <= £BNLO SHAKD£(:
calr^cZsZotlo-rds^oZqZkkdk&gZmckd <= g0+ cdfqdd <= 0(:
calr^cZsZotlo-Zcc^ehkd&gZmckd <= g0+ ehkdmZld <= £HLONQS-KNF£+ chqdbsnqx <=
£C S ^EHKD^CHQ£+ ehkdsxod <= 2(:
calr^cZsZotlo-rds^oZqZldsdq&gZmckd <= g0+ mZld <= £JDDO^L RSDQ£+ uZktd <=
/(:
calr^cZsZotlo-Zcc^ehkd&gZmckd <= g0+ ehkdmZld <= £DWOC S$T-CLO£+ chqdbsnqx
<= £CTLOKNB SHNM£+ ehkdsxod <= 0(:
calr^cZsZotlo-ldsZcZsZ^qdlZo&gZmckd <= g0+ mZld <= £QDL O^RBGDL £+ nkc^uZktd
<= £GQ£+ uZktd <= £RHLNM£(:
calr^cZsZotlo-ldsZcZsZ^qdlZo&gZmckd <= g0+ mZld <= £QDL O^S AKDRO BD£+ nkc^
uZktd <= £DW LOKD£+ uZktd <= £TRDQ^C S £(:
calr^cZsZotlo-ldsZcZsZ^ehksdq&gZmckd <= g0+ mZld <= £RBGDL ^DWOQ£+ uZktd <=
£HM&££GQ££(£(:
0 3 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
Bnmsqnk Sghr hr _ l_mc_snqx kd- Sghr kd sdkkr RPK)Kn_cdq vgdqd sgd nsgdq kdr _qd+
gnv sn o_qrd _mc kn_c sgd c_s_+ _mc vghbg s_akdr sn kn_c sgd c_s_ hmsn: sghr kd b_m bnm,
s_hm sgd c_s_ _r vdkk-
C_s_ C_s_ kdr _qd noshnm_k _mc+ he hmbktcdc+ gnkc sgd c_s_ sg_s RPK)Kn_cdq qd_cr _mc
kn_cr hmsn sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd c_s_ b_m ad knb_sdc hm sgd bnmsqnk kd+ rn sgdrd kdr _qd noshnm_k-
A_c Sghr gnkcr sgd 'a_c– c_s_ qdbnqcr…sgnrd sg_s vdqd mns u_khc_sdc ax dhsgdq RPK)Kn_cdq
nq sgd c_s_a_rd- A_c kdr _qd bqd_sdc nmkx he nmd nq lnqd qdbnqcr e_hk u_khc_shnm- Itrs _r vhsg
sgd knf kd+ he xnt cn mns rodbhex _ a_c kd+ sgd c_s_a_rd vhkk bqd_sd nmd+ vhsg sgd m_ld ne xntq
bnmsqnk kd _mc _ -aZc kdm_ld dwsdmrhnm-
Chrb_qc Sghr gnkcr c_s_ qdbnqcr sg_s chc mns fds kn_cdc adb_trd sgdx chc mns r_shrex sgd
qdbnqc,rdkdbshnm bqhsdqh_ hm sgd bnmsqnk kd- Chrb_qc kdr _qd bqd_sdc nmkx he c_s_ qdbnqcr
vdqd chrb_qcdc adb_trd sgdx chc mns r_shrex sgd rdkdbshnm bqhsdqh_-
RPK)Kn_cdq oqnuhcdr _ qnatrs snnkjhs sn athkc c_s_,kn_chmf oqnfq_lr enq xntq Nq_bkd
c_s_a_rd- Hs b_m nodq_sd dhsgdq nm sgd c_s_a_rd rdqudq nq nm _ bkhdms l_bghmd-
Sgd enkknvhmf rdbshnm vhkk rgnv xnt gnv sn dloknx RPK)Kn_cdq sn kn_c c_s_ hmsn xntq
c_s_a_rd s_akdr-
Sgd bnll_mc,khmd o_q_ldsdqr hmbktcd sgnrd rgnvm gdqd+ ax dwdbtshmf sgd rpkkcq
bnll_mc vhsg mn o_q_ldsdqr9
# rpkkcq
UZkhc Jdxvnqcr9
trdqhc ,, NQ BKD trdqmZld.oZrrvnqc
Kn_chmf C_s_ vhsg RPK)Kn_cdq 0 30
L_mx ne sgd bnll_mc,khmd o_q_ldsdqr b_m _krn _ood_q hm sgd bnmsqnk kd- Vgdm sgdx
_ood_q _r ansg bnll_mc,khmd o_q_ldsdqr _mc hm sgd bnmsqnk kd+ sgd bnll_mc,khmd noshnmr
s_jd oqdbdcdmbd-
SZakd bqdZsdc-
NQF MHY SHNM DWSDQM K rodbhdr sg_s sgd qdrtkshmf s_akd hr _m dwsdqm_k s_akd- SXOD NQ BKD^
C S OTLO rodbhdr sg_s sgd C_s_ Otlo _bbdrr cqhudq rgntkc ad trdc- CDE TKS CHQDBSNQX
rodbhdr sgd knb_shnm ne sgd ctlo kdr- Sgd KNB SHNM o_q_ldsdq rodbhdr sgd kdm_ldr- Lnrs
nesdm vgdm dwsdqm_k s_akdr _qd trdc+ _ udqx k_qfd _lntms ne c_s_ hr tmkn_cdc: gdmbd+ trhmf
sgd O Q KKDK bk_trd vhkk roddc to sgd nodq_shnm- He sgd o_q_kkdk bk_trd hr trdc+ sgd mtladq ne
kdr rodbhdc hm sgd KNB SHNM bk_trd ltrs l_sbg sgd O Q KKDK cdfqdd- He xnt chc mns rodbhex
dmntfg kdr sn l_sbg sgd cdfqdd ne o_q_kkdkhrl+ Nq_bkd cdbqd_rdr sgd o_q_kkdkhrl sn l_sbg sgd
mtladq ne kdr oqnuhcdc-
0 4 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
CZsZaZrd Rdqudq
Nq_bkd @RL
C_s_a_rd Hmrs_mbd
Chri 0 .tn0
Chri 0 Chri 2 Chri 5
Chri 1 .tn1
Chri 1 Chri 3 Chri 6
Chri 2 .tn2
Chri 4
Mnm >RL CZsZ ykdr
Chrifqnto 0 Chrifqnto 1
>RL RsnqZfd
Hmsqnctbhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd 0 42
Kds&r bqd_sd o_qshshnmr enq chrjr rcb _mc rcc- Gdqd hr _m dw_lokd ne bqd_shmf _ o_qshshnm
trhmf echrj enq rcb-
Qd_chmf sgd o_qshshnmr kd _f_hm rgnvr sgd mdv o_qshshnmr rcb0 _mc rcc0 _qd bqd_sdc-
7 / 31880505 rcZ
7 0 0/3280 rcZ0
7 1 31774406 rcZ1
7 05 30832/3/ rca
7 21 1044/73 rcb
7 22 1041567 rcb0
7 37 1044/73 rcc
7 38 1041567 rcc0
Hmsqnctbhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd 0 44
Ehftqd 07-0/ rgnvr sgd Rdkdbs Hmrs_kk_shnm Noshnm rbqddm ne Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd Hmrs_kk-
Sgd qrs noshnm+ Hmrs_kk _mc Bnmftqd Nq_bkd Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd enq _ Bktrsdq+ hr trdc
enq _ FH bktrsdq ’Q?B( hmrs_kk_shnm- Sn hmrs_kk FH nm _ rs_mc_knmd rdqudq _mc sn bnmftqd
Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs+ bgnnrd sgd rdbnmc noshnm9 Hmrs_kk _mc Bnmftqd Nq_bkd Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd
enq _ Rs_mc_knmd Rdqudq- Enq sghr hmrs_kk_shnm+ bgnnrd sghr noshnm+ vghbg vhkk hmrs_kk sgd FH
rnesv_qd _mc bnmftqd sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd- Sghr noshnm b_m _krn tofq_cd _m dwhrshmf hmrs_k,
k_shnm ne ?RL sn FH+ nq _m 00f Q1 FH sn 01b Q0 FH-
Sgd sghqc noshnm hm Ehftqd 07-0/ hr trdc sn tofq_cd sgd ?RL nq FH sn sgd 01b udqrhnm-
Xnt l_x _krn bgnnrd sgd Hmrs_kk Nq_bkd Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd Rnesv_qd Nmkx noshnm sn hmrs_kk
nmkx sgd FH rnesv_qd+ ats xnt vhkk g_ud sn l_mt_kkx bnmftqd sgd FH bnlonmdmsr _mc ?RL
hmrs_mbd ax qtmmhmf sgd qnnsgZr-ok rbqhos- He xnt _qd cnhmf _ rnesv_qd,nmkx hmrs_kk+ sgd
chrj o_qshshnmr _qd qdpthqdc nmkx vgdm xnt bqd_sd sgd ?RL chrj fqnto-
Sgd mdws rbqddm hr sgd Oqnctbs K_mft_fdr rbqddm- Bgnnrd sgd k_mft_fdr xnt v_ms sn
hmrs_kk hm sgd FH gnld- Ax cde_tks+ nmkx Dmfkhrg hr bgnrdm- Ehftqd 07-00 rgnvr sgd Bqd_sd
?RL Chrj Fqnto rbqddm- Vd vhkk ad trhmf sgd chrjr vd oqdo_qdc hm sgd d_qkhdq rdbshnm sn
bqd_sd _m ?RL chrj fqnto-
Hm sgd Bqd_sd ?RL Chrj Fqnto rbqddm+ xnt b_m bqd_sd nmkx nmd ?RL chrj fqnto- ?cchshnm_k
chrj fqntor b_m ad bqd_sdc trhmf sgd >tsnl_shb Rsnq_fd L_m_fdldms Bnmftq_shnm >rrhrs_ms
’?RLB?( tshkhsx- Oqnuhcd _ m_ld enq sgd chrj fqnto: hm sgd dw_lokd+ sgd chrj fqnto m_ld hr
NQ C S - ?RL _kknvr sgqdd kdudkr ne qdctmc_mbx vgdm bqd_shmf sgd chrj fqnto- Mnql_k qdctm,
c_mbx hr svn,v_x lhqqnqhmf+ vghbg ld_mr xnt rgntkc _kknb_sd svhbd sgd mtladq ne rsnq_fd
chrjr qdpthqdc enq sgd chrj fqnto- Ghfg qdctmc_mbx hr sgqdd,v_x lhqqnqhmf- He sgd chrjr _qd
eqnl _ rsnq_fd _qq_x vgdqd Q?HC _qbghsdbstqd hr _kqd_cx hlokdldmsdc+ xnt l_x sdkk Nq_bkd
?RL mns sn l_m_fd sgd qdctmc_mbx hm ?RL+ ats qdkx nm qdctmc_mbx eqnl sgd tmcdqkxhmf
rsnq_fd rxrsdl-
Adrs oq_bshbd b_kkr enq _s kd_rs _ edv chrjr hm d_bg chrj fqnto+ _mc d_bg chrj hm sgd chrj
fqnto ltrs ad ne sgd r_ld rhyd- Sghr hr adb_trd H.N _bshuhsx hr roqd_c dudmkx _bqnrr _kk
_u_hk_akd chrjr hm _ chrj fqnto sn _unhc gns ronsr- ?RL _krn dkhlhm_sdr sgd mddc enq nudq,
oqnuhrhnmhmf _ chrj+ adb_trd xnt b_m _cc nq qdlnud chrjr vghkd sgd c_s_a_rd hr qtmmhmf
vhsgnts hlo_bshmf sgd c_s_a_rd- Vgdm _ chrj hr _ccdc nq qdlnudc eqnl _ chrj fqnto+
?RL _tsnl_shb_kkx qdchrsqhatsdr aknbjr rn sg_s sgd tshkhydc ro_bd hm d_bg chrj hr sgd r_ld-
Hmsqnctbhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd 0 46
Sgd mdws rbqddm hr trdc sn _rrhfm o_rrvnqcr- Gdqd xnt b_m _rrhfm o_rrvnqcr sn RXR trdq
_mc RLRMO trdq- Rhlhk_q sn sgd c_s_a_rd hmrs_kk_shnm+ xnt b_m bgnnrd svn cheedqdms o_rrvnqcr
nq sgd r_ld o_rrvnqcr enq sgdrd trdqr- RLRMLO trdq hr rhlhk_q sn CARMLO trdq enq c_s_a_rdr
_mc hr oqhl_qhkx trdc sn lnmhsnq sgd hmrs_mbd sgqntfg NDL Bkntc Bnmsqnk- Xnt b_m bnmmdbs
sn sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd trhmf sgd RXRCA nq RXR RL oqhuhkdfd- Sgd RXR RL oqhuhkdfd hr qdpthqdc
sn l_m_fd chrj fqntor- Hs rdo_q_sdr sgd qnkd ne CA? eqnl rsnq_fd _clhmhrsq_snq enq sgd
?RL hmrs_mbd-
Ehftqd 07-01 rgnvr sgd Oqhuhkdfdc Nodq_shmf Rxrsdl Fqntor rbqddm- Bgnnrd sgd _ooqnoqh,
_sd NR fqntor sg_s vhkk g_ud oqhuhkdfdr nm sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd sn bnmmdbs vhsgnts _ o_rrvnqc-
Nq_bkd ?RL ?clhmhrsq_snq ’NR?RL( fqnto ldladqr _qd fq_msdc sgd RXR RL oqhuhkdfd+
vghbg fhudr etkk _clhmhrsq_snq oqhuhkdfdr nm sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd+ hmbktchmf rsnq_fd _clhmhrsq_,
shnm- He xnt g_ud bqd_sdc _ fqnto m_ldc ZrlZclhm+ sgdm NTH ohbjr sg_s fqnto _r sgd cde_tks
enq sgd NR?RL fqnto- Sgd Nq_bkd ?RL CA? ’NRCA?( fqnto ldladqr _qd fq_msdc nmkx
_ rtards ne RXR RL oqhuhkdfdr+ rtbg _r rsnoohmf _mc rs_qshmf sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd- Sgd Nq_bkd
?RL Nodq_snq ’NRNODQ( fqnto ldladqr _qd fq_msdc qd_c _mc vqhsd oqhuhkdfdr nm sgd kdr
l_m_fdc ax ?RL-
Ehftqd 07-02 rgnvr sgd knb_shnm ne sgd FH hmrs_kk_shnm kdr- Rodbhex sgd Nq_bkd A_rd
knb_shnm _mc sgd FH gnld knb_shnm-
Sgd mdws rbqddm hr sgd Qnns Rbqhos Dwdbtshnm Bnmftq_shnm- He xnt g_ud sgd qnns o_rr,
vnqc g_mcx+ nq he sgd FH rnesv_qd nvmdq ’trt_kkx nqZbkd trdq( g_r sgd rtcn oqhuhkdfd+ xnt
l_x bgnnrd sgd _ooqnoqh_sd noshnm- He xnt cn mns g_ud qnns _bbdrr+ cnm&s vnqqx: _s sgd dmc
ne hmrs_kk_shnm+ xnt b_m _rj xntq rxrsdl _clhmhrsq_snq sn qtm sgd rbqhos sn bnlokdsd sgd
?RL bnmftq_shnm-
NTH odqenqlr sgd oqdqdpthrhsd bgdbjr _mc kdsr xnt jmnv ne _mx hrrtdr sg_s mddc xntq
_ssdmshnm- Ehftqd 07-03 rgnvr sgd Odqenql Oqdqdpthrhsd Bgdbjr rbqddm-
0 47 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
Xnt b_m uhdv sgd e_hkdc bgdbjr ’ax cde_tks(+ uhdv _kk rtbbdrretk bgdbjr+ nq uhdv _kk bgdbjr
ax rdkdbshmf sgd _ooqnoqh_sd noshnm eqnl sgd cqno,cnvm ldmt- Xnt b_m trd sgd Ehw % Bgdbj
?f_hm atssnm sn bnqqdbs _mx w_akd dqqnqr- Vgdm xnt bkhbj nm _ qdonqsdc hrrtd+ xnt vhkk rdd
Hmsqnctbhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd 0 48
aqhde e_hktqd nq rtbbdrr hmenql_shnm _s sgd anssnl ne sgd rbqddm- Bkhbj sgd Lnqd Cds_hkr khmj sn
kd_qm lnqd _ants sgd bgdbj _mc gnv sn w _m hrrtd- He xnt wdc _m hrrtd ntsrhcd sgd NTH+ xnt
b_m bkhbj sgd Bgdbj ?f_hm atssnm sn u_khc_sd sgd w- He xnt sghmj _m hrrtd qdonqsdc hr mns _ookh,
b_akd hm xntq dmuhqnmldms+ xnt b_m bkhbj sgd Hfmnqd ?kk atssnm _mc bnmshmtd sn sgd mdws rbqddm-
Sgd Rtll_qx rbqddm+ rgnvm hm Ehftqd 07-04+ rtll_qhydr sgd noshnmr bgnrdm _mc sgd
knb_shnm ne sgd hmrs_kk- Hs _krn rgnvr sgd chrj fqnto adhmf bqd_sdc-
Bkhbj sgd Hmrs_kk atssnm sn adfhm sgd hmrs_kk_shnm- Sgd hmrs_kk_shnm oqnfqdrr vhkk ad chr,
ok_xdc- ?esdq sgd rnesv_qd hmrs_kk_shnm bnlokdsdr+ xnt vhkk ad oqnlosdc sn qtm sgd qnns-rg
rbqhos- ? r_lokd dwdbtshnm ne sgd qnns-rg rbqhos hr rgnvm gdqd-
" .t/2.Zoo.nqZbkd.fqhc.01-0-/.qnns-rg
Odqenqlhmf qnns trdq nodqZshnm enq NqZbkd 01b
?esdq sgd qnns-rg rbqhos hr dwdbtsdc+ NTH vhkk bnmftqd sgd Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd-
Ehftqd 07-05 rgnvr sgd bnlonmdmsr bnmftqdc ax sgd FH hmrs_kk-
?esdq sgd hmrs_kk_shnm bnlokdsdr rtbbdrretkkx+ xnt vhkk rdd rdudq_k oqnbdrrdr qtmmhmf nts
ne sgd FH gnld- Xnt vhkk _krn rdd sgd oqnbdrr enq sgd * RL hmrs_mbd qtmmhmf- Sgd ?RL
hmrs_mbd g_r edvdq a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr sg_m sgd c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbd- Sgd enkknvhmf _qd
oqnbdrrdr rs_qsdc ax FH-
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0 51 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
Sgd qdctmc_mbx noshnm ax cde_tks hr MNQL K+ vghbg ld_mr xnt rgntkc g_ud _s kd_rs
svn e_hktqd fqntor- ? rhlokd rs_sdldms trhmf dwsdqm_k qdctmc_mbx sn bqd_sd _ chrj fqnto
hr rgnvm gdqd9
Sghr bncd bqd_sdr _ chrj fqnto m_ldc eqZchrj vhsg svn chrjr+ _mc qdctmc_mbx l_m_fdc
_s sgd rsnq_fd k_xdq- Adb_trd mn _kh_r m_ldr _qd oqnuhcdc enq sgd chrjr+ ?RL _rrhfmr _ rxrsdl,
fdmdq_sdc m_ld-
Adenqd cdmhmf sgd sxod ne lhqqnqhmf vhsghm _ chrj fqnto+ xnt ltrs fqnto sgd chrjr hmsn
e_hktqd fqntor- ? e_hktqd fqnto hr nmd nq lnqd chrjr vhsghm _ chrj fqnto sg_s rg_qd _ bnl,
lnm qdrntqbd rtbg _r _ chrj bnmsqnkkdq+ vgnrd e_hktqd vntkc b_trd sgd dmshqd rds ne chrjr sn
ad tm_u_hk_akd sn sgd fqnto- Hm lnrs b_rdr+ sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd cndr mns jmnv sgd g_qcv_qd
0 53 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
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sn _ chrj fqnto-
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o_sg vgdm xnt&qd bqd_shmf _ chrj fqnto _mc _cchmf _ chrj sn _ chrj fqnto- Vgdm xnt cqno
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Vgdm ?RL hr adhmf trdc enq rsnq_fd+ c_s_a_rd lhfq_shnm eqnl nmd chrj _qq_x sn _mnsgdq
hr _r d_rx _r _ss_bghmf sgd mdv _qq_x sn sgd rdqudq- Sn lhfq_sd sgd chrj fqntor eqnl nmd
_qq_x sn _mnsgdq+ hm udqrhnmr adenqd 01b+ sgd enkknvhmf rsdor _qd odqenqldc-
Gnld9 .t/2.Zoo.nqZbkd.fqhc.01-0-/
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mhmf- Kds&r qdlnud sgd qdfhrsq_shnm trhmf sgd ,enqbd noshnm+ vghbg vhkk rsno sgd qtmmhmf
?RL hmrs_mbd-
Qdfhrsdq sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd- Mnshbd sg_s mns _kk bnmftq_shnm noshnmr _qd fhudm-
# rqubsk Zcc Zrl ,khrsdmdq khrsdmdqZrl ,roehkd !*NQ C S . RL. RLO Q LDSDQEHKD.
qdfhrsqx-142-7266784/8!
Udqhex sgd rs_str ne sgd qdfhrsq_shnm- Mnshbd sgd o_rrvnqc kd _mc ?RL chrj chrbnudqx
rsqhmf u_ktdr-
?cc _mc udqhex _m _cchshnm_k rdquhbd m_ldc dmbbca0 enq sgd c_s_a_rd nbZca0- Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b _tsnl_shb_kkx _ccr _mc dm_akdr _ rdquhbd m_ld _r sgd c_s_a_rd tmhptd m_ld-
Xnt b_mmns _cc _ rdquhbd m_ld sg_s hr sgd r_ld _r sgd c_s_a_rd&r tmhptd m_ld sn Nq_bkd
Qdrs_qs-
Rsnoohmf gZr vhkk rsno _kk sgd bnlonmdmsr qdfhrsdqdc hm Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs- Xnt b_m trd sgd ,e
noshnm sn enqbdetkkx rsno gZr-
Sgd rs_str bnll_mc rgnvr sgd rs_str ne hmchuhct_k bnlonmdmsr- Sgd ,s noshnm hr trdc
sn chrok_x ntsots hm _ s_atk_q enql_s-
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,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Sn chrok_x sgd ntsots hm khrs enql_s+ trd sgd r_ld bnll_mc vhsgnts sgd ,s noshnm…enq
dw_lokd+ bqrbsk rsZstr qdr-
Rtll_qx
Hm sghr bg_osdq+ vd chrbtrrdc gnv sn lnud c_s_ trhmf Nq_bkd C_s_ Otlo+ trhmf
RPK)Kn_cdq+ _mc trhmf dwsdqm_k s_akdr- Xnt _krn kd_qmdc gnv sn hmrs_kk _mc trd sgd
Nq_bkd Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd bnlonmdmsr-
C_s_ Otlo hr _ udqx ghfg,roddc tshkhsx enq lnuhmf c_s_ _mc lds_c_s_- Sgd bkhdms tshkhshdr
dwoco _mc hloco _qd trdc sn tmkn_c _mc kn_c c_s_ _mc lds_c_s_- Sgd C_s_ Otlo _qbghsdb,
stqd hmbktcdr sgd c_s_ _mc lds_c_s_ lnudldms dmfhmd CALR^C S OTLO+ sgd lds_c_s_ ?OH
CALR^LDS C S + sgd dwsdqm_k s_akdr ?OH+ _mc sgd bkhdms tshkhshdr-
C_s_ Otlo Dwonqsr _mc Hlonqsr _qd odqenqldc nm sgd rdqudq- Xnt b_m _ss_bg sn _ ina
eqnl _mx bnlotsdq _mc lnmhsnq hsr oqnfqdrr nq l_jd qdrntqbd _citrsldmsr- Hm sgd hmsdq_b,
shud lncd+ xnt b_m _cc _ kd sn dwonqs _ ctlo,kd rds+ jhkk _ ina+ rsno _ ina+ bg_mfd sgd
o_q_kkdkhrl+ _mc dm_akd cds_hkdc rs_str knffhmf-
RPK)Kn_cdq hr trdc sn kn_c ?RBHH kdr sn sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd- Xnt b_m hmunjd C_s_
Otlo _mc RPK)Kn_cdq trhmf DL C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk nq RPK Cdudknodq- Xnt b_m _krn trd
dwsdqm_k s_akdr sn lnud c_s_- Xnt b_m trd sgd NQ BKD^C S OTLO _bbdrr cqhudq sn vqhsd c_s_
sn _m dwsdqm_k s_akd+ _mc xnt b_m trd sgd NQ BKD^KN CDQ _bbdrr cqhudq sn qd_c _s kdr hmsn
_m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd-
Sgd Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd enq _ rs_mc_knmd rdqudq+ _krn jmnvm _r Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs+ oqn,
uhcdr rxrsdl rtoonqs enq Nq_bkd rxrsdlr+ hmbktchmf c_s_a_rd rsnq_fd+ unktld l_m_fd,
ldms+ kd rxrsdlr enq _ookhb_shnmr+ _mc _tsnl_shb qdrs_qs ne u_qhntr bnlonmdmsr hm sgd
rxrsdl- Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs trdr sgd ngZr c_dlnm sn lnmhsnq _mc qdrs_qs sgd bnlonmdmsr
qdfhrsdqdc- Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs bnlonmdmsr hmbktcd sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd+ c_s_a_rd+ khrsdmdq+ _mc
c_s_a_rd rdquhbdr-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr 0 66
Sgd Rdqudq Bnmsqnk ’rqubsk( tshkhsx hr trdc sn qdfhrsdq _mc bnmftqd sgd bnlonmdmsr ne
Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs- Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs hsrdke hr rs_qsdc _mc rsnoodc ax trhmf sgd bqrbsk tshkhsx-
Dw_l Drrdmsh_kr
Jmnv gnv sn bqd_sd c_s_a_rd chqdbsnqx naidbsr- Chqdbsnqx naidbsr _qd qdpthqdc enq trd hm
sgd C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs _mc C_s_ Otlo Hlonqs oqnfq_lr-
Jmnv sg_s chqdbsnqx naidbsr _qd mns nvmdc ax _m hmchuhct_k rbgdl_- Chqdbsnqx
naidbsr _qd mns rbgdl_ naidbsr- Hmrsd_c+ sgdx _qd nvmdc ax sgd c_s_a_rd+ itrs _r qnkdr
nq oqnkdr _qd-
Ad _v_qd ne sgd C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs _mc Hlonqs lncdr- C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs g_r c_s_,
a_rd+ rbgdl_+ s_akd+ s_akdro_bd+ _mc sq_mronqs s_akdro_bd lncdr- C_s_ Otlo Hlonqs g_r
etkk+ rbgdl_+ s_akd+ _mc s_akdro_bd lncdr- ?ksgntfg sgdrd lncdr rntmc rhlhk_q+ sgdx che,
edq adsvddm sgd svn snnkr-
Ad e_lhkh_q vhsg sgd C_s_ Otlo noshnmr sg_s kds xnt sq_mredq ansg c_s_ _mc lds_c_s_ eqnl
nmd rbgdl_ sn _mnsgdq- Sgd bnmsdms< o_q_ldsdq bnmsqnkr vgdsgdq c_s_+ lds_c_s_+ nq
ansg _qd bnohdc- Sgd qdlZo^rbgdlZ o_q_ldsdq _kknvr xnt sn sq_mredq c_s_ eqnl nmd rbgdl_
sn _mnsgdq-
Ad _v_qd ne sgd khlhs_shnmr ne RPK)Kn_cdq chqdbs o_sg lncd* hmbktchmf tmtr_akd hmcdwdr-
Sgd RPK)Kn_cdq chqdbs o_sg lncd g_r rdudq_k khlhs_shnmr+ sgd lnrs oqnlhmdms adhmf sg_s
hs knbjr sgd s_akd hm dwbktrhud lncd enq sgd ctq_shnm ne sgd kn_c- Tmhptd hmcdwdr _qd l_qjdc
tmtr_akd he tmhptd uhnk_shnmr _qd entmc _esdq _ chqdbs o_sg kn_c- Sgdrd tmhptd uhnk_shnmr
ltrs ad qdrnkudc adenqd sgd hmcdw b_m ad qdathks-
Jmnv sgd dwsdqm_k s_akd _bbdrr cqhudqr- NQ BKD^C S OTLO _mc NQ BKD^KN CDQ _qd sgd
_bbdrr cqhudqr trdc vhsg dwsdqm_k s_akdr- Sgd NQ BKD^C S OTLO _bbdrr cqhudq b_m ad trdc sn
qd_c _mc vqhsd sn _m dwsdqm_k s_akd- Sgd NQ BKD^KN CDQ _bbdrr cqhudq hr qd_c,nmkx-
Jmnv vghbg C_s_ Otlo noshnm b_m ad trdc sn tofq_cd _m 00f Q1 c_s_a_rd- C_s_ Otlo
etkk dwonqs _mc sq_mronqs_akd s_akdro_bd ed_stqdr _qd bnlahmdc hm sgd etkk sq_mronqs_akd
dwonqs ed_stqd+ vghbg b_m ad trdc sn lhfq_sd 00-1-/-2* c_s_a_rdr sn 01-0-/-
Tmcdqrs_mc sgd hmrs_kk_shnm noshnmr _u_hk_akd enq Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd- Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd
b_m ad hmrs_kkdc enq bktrsdqdc dmuhqnmldmsr _mc rs_mc_knmd rdqudqr- FH hmbktcdr Nq_bkd
Qdrs_qs _mc Nq_bkd ?RL-
Jmnv sgd :RL chrj fqnto qdctmc_mbx noshnmr- ?RL chrj fqntor g_ud mnql_k+ ghfg+ _mc
dwsdqm_k qdctmc_mbx- Kd_qm gnv sn rodbhex _mc trd e_hk fqntor-
Tmcdqrs_mc gnv Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs Bnlonmdmsr _qd qdfhrsdqdc- Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs tmcdqrs_mcr
sgd cdodmcdmbx adsvddm qdfhrsdqdc bnlonmdmsr- Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs _tsnl_shb_kkx qdrs_qsr _
bnlonmdms he hs cdsdbsr e_hktqd-
0 67 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
0- Vghbg svn OK.RPK o_bj_fdr _qd trdc ax Nq_bkd C_s_ Otlo>
?- TSK^C S OTLO
A- CALR^LDS C S
B- CALR^C S OTLO
C- TSK^EHKD
D- CALR^RPK
1- Vghbg ne sgdrd noshnmr hr mns _ admdehs ne Nq_bkd C_s_ Otlo> ’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- C_s_ Otlo rtoonqsr ehmd,fq_hmdc naidbs rdkdbshnm trhmf sgd DWBKTCD+ HMBKTCD+ _mc
BNMSDMS noshnmr-
A- C_s_ Otlo g_r sgd _ahkhsx sn rodbhex sgd s_qfds udqrhnm ne sgd c_s_a_rd rn sg_s sgd
naidbsr dwonqsdc _qd bnlo_shakd- Sghr hr trdetk hm lnuhmf c_s_ eqnl Nq_bkd 01b sn
Nq_bkd 00f-
B- C_s_ Otlo g_r sgd _ahkhsx sn rodbhex sgd l_whltl mtladq ne sgqd_cr sn
tmkn_c c_s_-
C- Sgd CA? b_m bgnnrd sn odqenql sgd dwonqs trhmf _ chqdbs o_sg nq dwsdqm_k s_akdr-
D- Sgd C_s_ Otlo ina b_m ad lnmhsnqdc eqnl _mnsgdq bnlotsdq nm sgd mdsvnqj-
2- Sgd C_s_ Otlo ina l_hms_hmr _ l_rsdq bnmsqnk s_akd vhsg hmenql_shnm _ants C_s_
Otlo- Bgnnrd sgd qhfgs rs_sdldms-
?- Sgd l_rsdq s_akd hr sgd gd_qs ne C_s_ Otlo nodq_shnm _mc hr l_hms_hmdc hm sgd
RXR rbgdl_-
A- Sgd l_rsdq s_akd bnms_hmr nmd qnv enq sgd nodq_shnm sg_s jddor sq_bj ne sgd naidbs
adhmf vnqjdc rn sg_s sgd ina b_m ad qdrs_qsdc hm sgd dudms ne e_hktqd-
B- Ctqhmf sgd dwonqs+ sgd l_rsdq s_akd hr vqhssdm sn sgd ctlo,ehkd rds _s sgd adfhmmhmf
ne dwonqs nodq_shnm-
C- Sgd C_s_ Otlo ina qtmr hm sgd rbgdl_ ne sgd ina bqd_snq vhsg sg_s trdq&r qhfgsr
_mc oqhuhkdfdr-
D- ?kk ne sgd _anud-
3- Vgdm trhmf sgd dwoco _mc hloco bkhdmsr+ sgd o_q_ldsdqr KNFEHKD+ CTLOEHKD+ _mc RPKEHKD
mddc _ chqdbsnqx naidbs vgdqd sgd ehkdr vhkk ad vqhssdm sn nq qd_c eqnl- Bgnnrd sgd mnmrto,
onqsdc ldsgnc enq mnmoqhuhkdfdc trdqr-
?- Rodbhex sgd CHQDBSNQX o_q_ldsdq-
A- Rodbhex sgd ehkdm_ld o_q_ldsdqr vhsg chqdbsnqx9ehkd^mZld-
B- Trd sgd hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq C S ^OTLO^CHQ-
C- Mnmd ne sgd _anud ’_kk _qd rtoonqsdc(-
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 0 68
4- Vghbg bnll_mc,khmd o_q_ldsdq ne dwoco _mc hloco bkhdmsr bnmmdbsr xnt sn _m dwhrs,
hmf ina>
?- BNMMDBS^BKHDMS
A- BNMSHMTD^BKHDMS
B- OODMC
C- SS BG
5- Vghbg noshnm tmkn_cr sgd c_s_ _mc lds_c_s_ ne sgd RBNSS trdq+ dwbdos sgd s_akdr sg_s
adfhm vhsg SDLO> Sgd ctlo ehkd _krn rgntkc g_ud sgd CCK sn bqd_sd sgd trdq-
?- BNMSDMS<ANSG S AKDR<&mns khjd £SDLO$£( RBGDL R<RBNSS
A- RBGDL R<RBNSS DWBKTCD<S AKD9!KHJD £SDLO$£!
B- HMBKTCD<LDS C S DWBKTCD<S AKDR9!MNS KHJD £SDLO$£! RBGDL R<RBNSS
C- S AKDR<!MNS KHJD £SDLO$£! RBGDL R<RBNSS
6- Vghbg o_q_ldsdq hr mns _ u_khc nmd enq trhmf sgd hloco bkhdms>
?- QDL O^HMCDW
A- QDL O^S AKD
B- QDL O^RBGDL
C- QDL O^S AKDRO BD
D- QDL O^C S EHKD
7- Vgdm cn xnt trd sgd EK RGA BJ^SHLD o_q_ldsdq hm sgd hloco tshkhsx>
?- Sn kn_c c_s_ eqnl sgd ctlo ehkd sg_s v_r lnchehdc _esdq _ bdqs_hm shld-
A- Sn chrb_qc c_s_ eqnl sgd ctlo ehkd sg_s v_r lnchehdc _esdq _ bdqs_hm shld-
B- Vgdm sgd MDSVNQJ^KHMJ o_q_ldsdq hr trdc-
C- EK RGA BJ^SHLD hr u_khc nmkx vhsg dwoco+ mns vhsg hloco-
8- Sn odqenql _ C_s_ Otlo hlonqs eqnl _ khud c_s_a_rd+ vghbg o_q_ldsdq mddcr sn ad rds>
?- ca^khmj
A- mdsvnqj^khmj
B- ctloehkd
C- chqdbsnqx
00- Bgnnrd sgd rs_sdldms sg_s hr mns sqtd eqnl sgd enkknvhmf _ants chqdbs o_sg kn_c-
?- Chqdbs o_sg kn_c b_mmns nbbtq he _bshud sq_mr_bshnmr _f_hmrs sgd s_akd _qd
adhmf kn_cdc-
A- Sqhffdqr cn mns ehqd ctqhmf chqdbs o_sg kn_cr-
B- Ctqhmf chqdbs o_sg kn_cr+ enqdhfm jdx bnmrsq_hmsr _qd chr_akdc _s sgd adfhmmhmf ne
sgd kn_c _mc sgdm qd,dm_akdc _esdq sgd kn_c-
C- Nmkx oqhl_qx jdx+ tmhptd+ _mc MNS MTKK bnmrsq_hmsr _qd dmenqbdc-
D- Chqdbs o_sg kn_c _kknvr nsgdq trdqr sn odqenql CLK nodq_shnmr nm sgd s_akd vghkd
sgd chqdbs kn_c nodq_shnm hr hm oqnfqdrr-
01- Vghbg svn rs_sdldmsr qdf_qchmf sgd Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _qd sqtd>
?- Hs hr l_mc_snqx sn bqd_sd _ chrj fqnto ctqhmf sgd FH hmrs_kk trhmf sgd Hmrs_kk _mc
Bnmehftqd Nq_bkd Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd enq _ Rs_mc_knmd Rdqudq noshnm-
A- Xnt b_m nmkx bqd_sd nmd chrj fqnto ctqhmf sgd FH hmrs_kk-
B- ? chrj fqnto ltrs g_ud _s kd_rs svn chrjr-
C- ?esdq _ FH hmrs_kk+ ?RLB? ltrs ad qtm sn bnmehftqd _m ?RL hmrs_mbd-
04- Vg_s Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs tshkhsx sg_s hr trdc sn rs_qs _mc rsno ?RL hmrs_mbdr _krn rs_qsr sgd
khrsdmdq _rrnbh_sdc vhsg sgd ?RL>
?- bqrbZ
A- ZrlbZ
B- Zrlblc
C- rqubsk
Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr 0 70
05- Gnv l_mx e_hk fqntor _qd qdpthqdc sn bnmehftqd _ chrj fqnto vhsg MNQL?K
qdctmc_mbx>
?- /
A- 0
B- 1
C- E_hk fqntor _qd mns _ookhb_akd enq MNQL?K qdctmc_mbx-
06- Qduhdv sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldms+ _mc bgnnrd sgd RPK rs_sdldms sg_s rtbbdrretkkx cqnor
_ chrj eqnl sgd chrj fqnto-
M LD O SG
,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
EQ CHRJ^/// .cdu.qc.rc0/b0
EQ CHRJ^//0 .cdu.qc.rc00b0
07- Vghbg ne sgd enkknvhmf rs_sdldmsr b_m roddc to sgd chrj fqnto qda_k_mbhmf oqnbdrr>
’Bgnnrd svn-(
?- KSDQ RXRSDL RDS RL^ONVDQ^KHLHS</
A- KSDQ RXRSDL RDS RL^ONVDQ^KHLHS<0//
B- KSDQ CHRJFQNTO nqZcZsZ QDA K MBD ONVDQ 0//
C- KSDQ CHRJFQNTO nqZcZsZ RL^ONVDQ^KHLHS 0//
08- Bgnnrd sgd noshnm sg_s b_m ad trdc sn rs_qs _m ?RL hmrs_mbd-
?- rpkoktr
A- Zrlblc
B- ZrlbZ
C- rqubsk
D- ?kk ne sgd _anud
0 71 Bg_osdq 07 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr
?
Ptdrshnmr
Bg_osdq 09 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b QCALR
0- A- Adb_trd sgd qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm LNUHDR _mc BG?Q?BSDQR hr qdoqdrdmsdc
sgqntfg _ rnkhc khmd vhsg _ bqnvenns _s nmd dmc+ sgd qdk_shnmrgho hr l_mc_snqx nmd,sn,
l_mx+ vghbg ld_mr d_bg lnuhd ltrs g_ud nmd nq lnqd bg_q_bsdqr-
1- C- Vgdm sgd ogxrhb_k rsqtbstqd hr adhmf cdrhfmdc+ _m dmshsx hm sgd DQ ch_fq_l l_x ad
l_oodc _r _ s_akd hm sgd c_s_a_rd- ?m _ssqhatsd l_x ad l_oodc _r _ bnktlm+ _ qdk_,
shnmrgho hr sgd qdedqdmsh_k hmsdfqhsx+ _mc _ tmhptd hcdmshdq hr sgd oqhl_qx jdx-
2- ?- Naidbs sxod kdsr xnt cdmd rsqtbstqdr sg_s r_shrex sgd atrhmdrr qdpthqdldms- Hs b_m
hmbktcd athks,hm _mc trdq,cdmdc sxodr-
3- C- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b g_r sgd ltkshsdm_mbx c_s_a_rd ed_stqd+ vgdqd ltkshokd c_s_,
a_rdr _qd oktffdc hm- Sgdrd oktff_akd c_s_a_rdr rg_qd qdrntqbdr rtbg _r Nq_bkd gnld+
sgd ldlnqx _qd_+ oqnbdrrdr+ _mc sgd chrj- Sgdqdenqd+ o_sbghmf nmd oktff_akd c_s_a_rd
hr mns onrrhakd- O_sbgdr _qd _ookhdc sn sgd bnms_hmdq c_s_a_rd-
6- B- Sgd qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm sgd dmshshdr hr o_qs ne nmd nq lnqd bnmrsq_hmsr adsvddm sgd
s_akdr- Sgd tmhptd hcdmshdqr ne _m dmshsx adbnld sgd oqhl_qx jdx ne sgd s_akd- Sgd
qdk_shnmrgho adsvddm s_akdr adbnldr sgd enqdhfm jdx-
Bg_osdq 19 Hmsqnctbhmf RPK 0 74
7- C- RPK Cdudknodq hr Nq_bkd&r FTH hmsdqe_bd sn sgd c_s_a_rd- Hs g_r ldmtr _mc qdonqsr
enq CA?r+ cdudknodqr+ _mc dmc trdqr-
0/- A- D_rx bnmmdbs trdr sgd hmenql_shnm oqnuhcdc hm sgd bnmmdbs rsqhmf sn bnmmdbs sn sgd
c_s_a_rd chqdbskx+ vhsgnts knnjhmf enq hmenql_shnm hm _mnsgdq rntqbd- D_rx bnmmdbs
trdr gnrsm_ld+ onqs+ _mc sgd rdquhbd m_ld sn bnmmdbs sn sgd c_s_a_rd-
1- ?- Rs_sdldmsr 0 _mc 1 vhkk oqnctbd sgd r_ld qdrtks- Xnt b_m trd sgd bnktlm m_ld+
bnktlm _kh_r+ nq bnktlm onrhshnm hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd- Sgd cde_tks rnqs nqcdq hr
_rbdmchmf- Enq _ cdrbdmchmf rnqs+ xnt ltrs dwokhbhskx rodbhex sg_s nqcdq vhsg sgd CDRB
jdxvnqc-
2- A- Hm sgd _qhsgldshb du_kt_shnm+ ltkshokhb_shnm _mc chuhrhnm g_ud oqdbdcdmbd nudq _cch,
shnm _mc rtasq_bshnm- Dudm he xnt cn mns hmbktcd sgd o_qdmsgdrdr+ rZkZqx)/-0 vhkk ad
du_kt_sdc qrs- Sgd qdrtks hr sgdm chuhcdc ax 1+ _mc hsr qdrtks hr _ccdc sn 1//-
3- ?+ B- Bg_q_bsdq khsdq_kr hm sgd RPK rs_sdldms _qd dmbknrdc hm rhmfkd ptns_shnm l_qjr-
Khsdq_kr _qd bnmb_sdm_sdc trhmf {{- Dloknxdd MZld9 hr _ bg_q_bsdq khsdq_k+ _mc 0/ hr _
mtldqhb khsdq_k-
4- C- CHRSHMBS hr trdc sn chrok_x _ tmhptd qdrtks qnv+ _mc hs rgntkc enkknv hlldch_sdkx _esdq
sgd jdxvnqc RDKDBS- Tmhptdmdrr hr hcdmshdc _bqnrr sgd qnv+ mns ax _ rhmfkd bnktlm-
5- A- Sgd VGDQD bk_trd hr trdc sn ksdq sgd qnvr qdstqmdc eqnl _ ptdqx- Sgd VGDQD bk_trd
bnmchshnm hr du_kt_sdc+ _mc qnvr _qd qdstqmdc nmkx he sgd qdrtks hr SQTD- Sgd NQCDQ AX
bk_trd hr trdc sn chrok_x sgd qdrtks hm _ bdqs_hm nqcdq- Sgd NEERDS _mc EDSBG bk_trdr _qd
trdc sn khlhs sgd qnvr qdstqmdc-
6- A- Sgdqd _qd sgqdd qdbnqcr adknmfhmf sn CDOSMN 0/9 DLOMN 6823 ’LHKKDQ(+ 6728 ’JHMF(+
_mc 6671 ’BK QJ(- Vgdm xnt rnqs sgdhq m_ldr ax cdrbdmchmf nqcdq+ LHKKDQ hr sgd qrs
qnv sn chrok_x- Xnt b_m trd _kh_r m_ldr _mc bnktlmr sg_s _qd mns hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd
hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd-
0 75 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
7- C- Gdqd+ _ bg_q_bsdq bnktlm hr bnlo_qdc _f_hmrs _ rsqhmf trhmf sgd ADSVDDM nodq_snq+
vghbg hr dpthu_kdms sn dmZld =< £ £ MC dmZld ;< £B£- Sgd m_ld BK QJ vhkk mns ad
hmbktcdc hm sghr ptdqx+ adb_trd £BK QJ£ hr = £B£-
8- B- Bnktlm _kh_r m_ldr b_mmns ad trdc hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd- Sgdx b_m ad trdc hm sgd
NQCDQ AX bk_trd-
0/- ?- Sgd HM nodq_snq b_m ad trdc- Xnt b_m vqhsd sgd VGDQD bk_trd _r VGDQD dlomn HM
&6671+ 6765(:- Trhmf sgd <?MX nodq_snq _krn oqnctbdr sgd r_ld qdrtks-
00- B- Adb_trd ^ hr _ rodbh_k o_ssdqm,l_sbghmf bg_q_bsdq+ xnt mddc sn hmbktcd sgd DRB OD
bk_trd hm KHJD- Sgd $ bg_q_bsdq l_sbgdr _mx mtladq ne bg_q_bsdqr hmbktchmf /+ _mc ^
l_sbgdr _ rhmfkd bg_q_bsdq-
01- B- ? B RD dwoqdrrhnm adfhmr vhsg sgd jdxvnqc B RD _mc dmcr vhsg sgd jdxvnqc DMC-
02- A- Sgd cde_tks rnqshmf nqcdq enq _ mtldqhb bnktlm hr _rbdmchmf- Sgd bnktlmr _qd
rnqsdc qrs ax r_k_qx _mc sgdm ax m_ld+ rn sgd qnv vhsg sgd knvdrs r_k_qx hr chrok_xdc
qrs- Hs hr odqedbskx u_khc sn trd _ bnktlm hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd sg_s hr mns o_qs ne sgd
RDKDBS bk_trd-
03- C- Hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd+ sgd bnktlm m_ldr rgntkc ad rdo_q_sdc ax bnll_r- ?m _kh_r
m_ld l_x ad oqnuhcdc enq d_bg bnktlm vhsg _ ro_bd nq ax trhmf sgd jdxvnqc R-
Sgd EQNL bk_trd rgntkc _ood_q _esdq sgd RDKDBS bk_trd- Sgd VGDQD bk_trd _ood_qr
_esdq sgd EQNL bk_trd- Sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd bnldr _esdq sgd VGDQD bk_trd-
04- A- Bnktlm _kh_r m_ldr b_mmns ad trdc hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd ne sgd RPK rs_sdldms- Hm
sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd+ xnt b_m trd sgd bnktlm m_ld nq _kh_r m_ld+ nq xnt b_m hmch,
b_sd sgd bnktlm ax hsr onrhshnm hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd-
05- B- Sgd ptdqx vhkk qdstqm _m dqqnq+ adb_trd sgd rtarshstshnm u_qh_akd hr trdc vhsgnts _m
_lodqr_mc ’%( bg_q_bsdq- Hm sghr ptdqx+ Nq_bkd sqd_sr U^CDOSMN _r _mnsgdq bnktlm m_ld
eqnl sgd s_akd _mc qdstqmr _m dqqnq- Rtarshstshnm u_qh_akdr _qd mns b_rd rdmrhshud-
06- A+ B- Vgdm _ u_qh_akd hr oqdbdcdc ax cntakd _lodqr_mcr+ RPK)Oktr cdmdr sg_s u_qh,
_akd- Rhlhk_qkx+ vgdm xnt o_rr u_ktdr sn _ rbqhos trhmf RS QS rbqhos^mZld Zqftldmsr+
RPK)Oktr cdmdr sgnrd u_qh_akdr- Nmbd _ u_qh_akd hr cdmdc+ hsr u_ktd vhkk ad _u_hk_akd
enq sgd ctq_shnm ne sgd rdrrhnm nq tmshk xnt trd TMCDEHMD uZqhZakd-
07- C- $ hr sgd vhkc bg_q_bsdq sn o_ssdqm,l_sbg enq _mx mtladq ne bg_q_bsdqr- Noshnm ? hr
_klnrs bnqqdbs+ dwbdos enq sgd RNQS jdxvnqc hm sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd+ vghbg vhkk oqnctbd
_m dqqnq adb_trd hs hr mns _ u_khc rxms_w- Noshnm A vhkk oqnctbd qdrtksr ats vhkk rnqs sgdl
hm sgd nqcdq xnt v_ms- Noshnm B vhkk mns qdstqm _mx qnvr adb_trd KHJD hr sgd nodq_snq
enq o_ssdqm l_sbghmf+ mns <- Noshnm D g_r _m dqqnq rhlhk_q sn Noshnm ?-
08- B- Hm sgd qrs RPK rs_sdldms+ sgd bnll HM &/+ MTKK( vhkk ad sqd_sdc _r bnll < / NQ
bnll < MTKK- Enq _kk MTKK bnlo_qhrnmr+ xnt rgntkc trd HR MTKK hmrsd_c ne < MTKK- Sgd
qrs RPK rs_sdldms vhkk qdstqm nmkx nmd qnv vgdqd bnll < /+ vgdqd_r sgd rdbnmc RPK
vhkk qdstqm _kk sgd qnvr sg_s g_ud bnll < MTKK _r vdkk _r bnll < /-
Bg_osdq 29 Trhmf Rhmfkd,Qnv Etmbshnmr 0 76
1/- ?- Noshnm ? hr bnqqdbs- Hs hmbktcdr sgd NEERDS 2 bk_trd sn rjho sgd qrs sgqdd qnvr
_mc sgd EDSBG 0 QNV bk_trd sn fds sgd entqsg qnv- Sgd VHSG SHDR noshnm qdsqhdudr _kk
qdbnqcr he sgdqd hr _ shd enq sgd entqsg onrhshnm- Noshnm A RPK vhkk dqqnq nts adb_trd sgd
RPK hr lhrrhmf sgd NMKX nq VHSG SHDR bk_trd…nmd rgntkc ad rodbhdc- Dudm _esdq
sgd rxms_w hr wdc+ sgd qdrtks vhkk ad vqnmf- Sgd rnqshmf hr odqenqldc hm sgd qdudqrd
nqcdq- Noshnm B hr rhlhk_q sn Noshnm ?+ ats vhkk qdsqhdud sgd esg onrhshnm hmrsd_c ne sgd
entqsg- Noshnm C vhkk oqnctbd sgd vqnmf qdrtksr…hs hr lhrrhmf sgd CDRB jdxvnqc _r
vdkk _r sgd NEERDS bk_trd-
1- C- Sgd SQTMB etmbshnm qdlnudr sgd shld onqshnm ne _ c_sd ax cde_tks+ _mc vgnkd mtladqr
_ccdc sn nq rtasq_bsdc eqnl c_sdr qdoqdrdms c_xr _ccdc nq rtasq_bsdc eqnl sg_s c_sd-
SQTMB&RXRC SD( '4 ld_mr ud c_xr _fn _s lhcmhfgs-
3- A- RTARSQ qdstqmr o_qs ne sgd rsqhmf- HMRSQ qdstqmr _ mtladq- KO C _ccr sn _ bg_q_bsdq
rsqhmf- KD RS cndr mns bg_mfd _m hmots rsqhmf-
4- B- Noshnmr ? _mc A cn mns _bbntms enq MTKK rtqbg_qfdr bnqqdbskx _mc vhkk rds sgd
anmtr sn MTKK vgdqd sgd rtqbg_qfd hr MTKK- Hm noshnm A+ sgd MUK etmbshnm hr _ookhdc sn
sgd aZrd^oqhbd bnktlm hmrsd_c ne sgd rtqbgZqfd bnktlm- Hm noshnm B+ sgd KD RS etmb,
shnm vhkk qdstqm _ MTKK he rtqbg_qfd hr MTKK+ hm vghbg b_rd A RD^OQHBD ) 0-/4 vntkc
ad qdstqmdc eqnl sgd BN KDRBD etmbshnm-
5- A+ C- QNTMC cndr mns _bbdos bg_q_bsdq _qftldmsr- RTARSQ _bbdosr nmkx bg_q_bsdq _qft,
ldmsr- RHFM _bbdosr nmkx mtldqhb _qftldmsr-
7- C- Sgd MUK etmbshnm qdstqmr ydqn he sgd r_k_qx u_ktd hr MTKK+ nq dkrd hs qdstqmr sgd nqhfh,
m_k u_ktd- Sgd MUK1 etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd rdbnmc _qftldms he sgd r_k_qx u_ktd hr mns
MTKK- He MTKK+ sgd sghqc _qftldms hr qdstqmdc-
8- ?+ A- QSQHL qdlnudr sq_hkhmf ’mns kd_chmf( bg_q_bsdqr- HMRSQ qdstqmr _ mtladq- RSQHO hr
mns _ u_khc Nq_bkd etmbshnm- RTARSQ+ vhsg sgd rdbnmc _qftldms fqd_sdq sg_m 0+ qdlnudr
kd_chmf bg_q_bsdqr eqnl _ rsqhmf-
0/- A- LNC qdstqmr sgd mtladq qdl_hmcdq _esdq chuhrhnm- Sgd QDL HMCDQ etmbshnm hr rhlhk_q sn
LNC ats vhkk trd sgd QNTMC etmbshnm hm sgd _kfnqhsgl: gdmbd+ sgd qdrtks ne QDL HMCDQ&00+3(
vntkc ad '0- LNC trdr EKNNQ hm sgd _kfnqhsgl-
0 77 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
00- C- Sgd RTARSQ etmbshnm hm noshnm ? vntkc qdstqm sgd k_rs svn bg_q_bsdqr ne sgd k_rs
m_ld- Sgdrd svn bg_q_bsdqr _qd qhfgs,sqhlldc trhmf sgd QSQHL etmbshnm- Sgd qdrtks
vntkc ad sgd qrs onqshnm ne sgd k_rs m_ld _mc hr bnmb_sdm_sdc sn £WW£ nmkx he sgd k_rs
svn bg_q_bsdqr _qd mns qdod_shmf ’enq dw_lokd+ Otktktk vhkk ad OWW(- Noshnm A vntkc
qdok_bd _kk sgd nbbtqqdmbdr ne sgd k_rs svn bg_q_bsdqr- Noshnm B vntkc bgnnrd nmkx sgd
k_rs svn bg_q_bsdqr-
01- ?- Sgd BTQQDMS^SHLDRS LO etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd rdrrhnm c_sd+ rdrrhnm shld+ _mc rdrrhnm
shld ynmd neerds- Sgd qdstqm c_s_sxod hr SHLDRS?LO VHSG SHLD YNMD-
02- B- Noshnm ? vhkk qdrtks hm MTKK SNS K^R KDR enq qnvr vgdqd sgdqd _qd MTKK V QQ MSX^
R KDR- Noshnm A hr mns sgd bnqqdbs rxms_w enq MUK1+ adb_trd hs qdpthqdr sgqdd _qftldmsr-
Vhsg noshnm B+ he V QQ MSX^R KDR hr MTKK+ sgdm B Q^R KDR hr qdstqmdc: nsgdqvhrd+ B Q^
R KDR*V QQ MSX^R KDR hr qdstqmdc- Sgd BN KDRBD etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd qrs mnm, MTKK
_qftldms _mc bntkc ad trdc sn nas_hm sgd cdrhqdc qdrtksr+ ats sgd qrs _qftldms gdqd hr
B Q^R KDR+ vghbg hr mns MTKK- Sgdqdenqd+ BN KDRBD vhkk _kv_xr qdstqm B Q^R KDR-
03- B- Sgd CC^LNMSGR etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd c_sd c oktr h lnmsgr- He ;c= hr sgd k_rs c_x ne
sgd lnmsg nq sgd qdrtkshmf lnmsg g_r edvdq c_xr+ sgdm sgd qdrtks hr sgd k_rs c_x ne sgd
qdrtkshmf lnmsg-
04- B- Rs_sdldms 0 vhkk qdrtks hm 2/,RDO,///6+ _mc rs_sdldms 1 vhkk qdrtks hm 2/,RDO,1//6-
Sgd QQ _mc QQQQ enql_sr cdqhud sgd bdmstqx a_rdc nm sgd btqqdms c_sd he sgd bdmstqx hr
mns rodbhdc- Sgd XX enql_s vhkk trd sgd btqqdms bdmstqx+ _mc sgd XXXX enql_s dwodbsr
sgd bdmstqx hm sgd hmots-
05- A- Sgd BN KDRBD etmbshnm qdstqmr sgd qrs mnm, MTKK o_q_ldsdq+ vghbg hr sgd bg_q_bsdq
rsqhmf £NqZbkd£-
06- D- Noshnm ? vhkk mns vnqj he sgdqd hr _ Edaqt_qx 18 ’kd_o xd_q( hm sgd mdws 254 c_xr-
Noshnm A vhkk _kv_xr _cc nmd xd_q sn sgd oqdrdms c_sd+ dwbdos he sgd btqqdms c_sd hr Eda,
qt_qx 18 ’kd_o xd_q(- Noshnm B vhkk qdstqm sgd c_sd nmd c_x k_sdq- MDV^SHLD hr trdc sn
qdstqm sgd c_sd.shld hm _ cheedqdms shld ynmd- CC^LNMSGR &RXRC SD+01( b_m ad trdc sn
_bghdud sgd cdrhqdc qdrtks-
07- ?- KNB KSHLDRS LO cndr mns qdstqm sgd shld ynmd- BTQQDMS^C SD _mc RXRC SD qdstqm
mdhsgdq eq_bshnm_k rdbnmcr mnq _ shld ynmd: sgdx ansg qdstqm sgd C SD c_s_sxod-
08- C- BNMUDQS hr trdc sn bg_mfd eqnl nmd bg_q_bsdq rds sn _mnsgdq- DWSQ BS vnqjr nm
c_sd.shld c_s_sxodr- SQ MRK SD bg_mfdr _kk nbbtqqdmbdr ne d_bg bg_q_bsdq vhsg _ onrh,
shnm_kkx bnqqdronmchmf bg_q_bsdq+ rn £H khjd HAL£ vntkc adbnld £R khjd RTM£-
1/- B- Sgd HMHSB O etmbshnm b_ohs_khydr sgd qrs kdssdq hm d_bg vnqc- Sgd QDOK BD etmb,
shnm odqenqlr rd_qbg,_mc,qdok_bd rsqhmf nodq_shnmr- Sgdqd hr mn HEDKRD etmbshnm- Sgd
CDBNCD etmbshnm hr sgd nmd sg_s hlokdldmsr HE–SGDM–DKRD knfhb-
Bg_osdq 39 Trhmf Fqnto Etmbshnmr 0 78
1- ?- ?kk qdpthqdldmsr _qd lds- Sgd fqnrr,+ mds,+ _mc d_qmdc,qdudmtd qdpthqdldmsr
_qd r_shrdc vhsg sgd RDKDBS bk_trd- Sgd rdbnmc, _mc sghqc,pt_qsdq r_kdr qdpthqdldms hr
r_shrdc vhsg sgd qrs oqdchb_sd ne sgd VGDQD bk_trd…sgd r_kdr c_sd vhkk ad sqtmb_sdc sn
sgd qrs c_x ne _ pt_qsdq: sgtr+ /0, oq,0888 nq /0,Itk,0888 enq sgd qdpthqdc pt_qsdqr
’vghbg _qd ansg adsvddm /0, oq,0888 _mc /0,Rdo,0888(- Sgd rs_sd bncdr qdpthqdldms
hr r_shrdc ax sgd rdbnmc oqdchb_sd hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd- Sghr ptdrshnm hr hmsdmshnm_kkx
lhrkd_chmf+ ats rn _qd rnld dw_l ptdrshnmr ’_mc+ tmenqstm_sdkx+ rnld ne sgd bncd hm
rnld rgnor hr snn(-
2- B- Adb_trd sgd cdoZqsldms^hc bnktlm cndr mns g_ud _mx _ffqdf_sd etmbshnm _ookhdc sn
hs+ hs ltrs _ood_q hm sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd- Sn l_jd sgd ptdqx vnqj+ sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd
hm sgd RPK hmrsqtbshnmr ltrs ad qdok_bdc vhsg _ FQNTO AX bk_trd-
3- ?- Adb_trd fqnto etmbshnmr cn mns hmbktcd MTKK u_ktdr hm sgdhq b_kbtk_shnmr+ xnt cn
mns g_ud sn cn _mxsghmf rodbh_k sn dwbktcd sgd MTKK u_ktdr- Nmkx BNTMS&)( hmbktcdr
MTKK u_ktdr-
4- A- ?m _ffqdf_sd etmbshnm hr mns _kknvdc hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd- Xnt b_m g_ud sgd FQNTO
AX _mc G UHMF bk_trdr hm _mx nqcdq+ ats sgdx ltrs _ood_q _esdq sgd VGDQD bk_trd-
5- C- Sgd RPK bncd vhkk vnqj md _mc oqnctbd sgd cdrhqdc qdrtks- Adb_trd fqnto etmbshnmr
_qd mdrsdc+ _ FQNTO AX bk_trd hr qdpthqdc-
6- ?- Hs hr odqedbskx _kk qhfgs sn g_ud nmd etmbshnm hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd _mc _mnsgdq etmbshnm
hm sgd G UHMF bk_trd ne sgd ptdqx- Noshnmr A _mc B _qd sqxhmf sn trd sgd _kh_r m_ld+ vghbg
hr mns _kknvdc- Noshnm C g_r _ fqnto etmbshnm hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd+ vghbg hr mns _kknvdc-
7- C- Sgd ptdqx vhkk qdstqm gnv l_mx chrshmbs _kog_adsr _qd trdc sn adfhm m_ldr hm
sgd DLOKNXDDR s_akd- Xnt b_m mdrs _ fqnto etmbshnm hmrhcd _ rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnm+
_mc uhbd udqr_-
8- D- ?kk sgd ptdqhdr vhkk qdstqm sgd r_ld qdrtks- Adb_trd NQCDQ^MN hr sgd oqhl_qx jdx+ MTKK
u_ktdr b_mmns ad hm sgd bnktlm- Gdmbd+ KK _mc CHRSHMBS vhkk fhud sgd r_ld qdrtks-
0/- C- Noshnm ? vhkk chrok_x sgd ghfgdrs r_k_qx ne _kk sgd dloknxddr- Noshnmr A _mc D trd
hmu_khc rxms_w jdxvnqcr- Noshnm B cndr mns g_ud _ FQNTO AX bk_trd-
00- A- Sgd qrs bnktlm hm sgd qrs ptdqx bntmsr sgd chrshmbs LFQ u_ktdr hm sgd s_akd- Sgd
qrs bnktlm hm sgd rdbnmc ptdqx bntmsr _kk LFQ u_ktdr hm sgd s_akd- He _ l_m_fdq _ood_qr
svhbd+ sgd qrs ptdqx vhkk bntms gdq nmd shld+ ats sgd rdbnmc vhkk bntms gdq svhbd- Ansg
sgd qrs ptdqx _mc sgd rdbnmc ptdqx rdkdbs sgd l_whltl r_k_qx u_ktd hm sgd s_akd-
0 8 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
01- ?+ A- ? fqnto etmbshnm hr mns _kknvdc hm FQNTO AX nq VGDQD bk_trdr+ vgdsgdq xnt trd hs
_r mdrsdc nq mns-
02- A- Ansg rs_sdldmsr _qd u_khc- Sgd qrs rs_sdldms vhkk oqnctbd sgd mtladq ne qnvr dpt_k
sn sgd mtladq ne tmhptd ehqrs^mZld u_ktdr- Sgd rdbnmc rs_sdldms vhkk oqnctbd sgd mtl,
adq ne qnvr dpt_k sn sgd tmhptd mtladq ne qrs bg_q_bsdqr hm sgd ehqrs^mZld bnktlm-
03- C- BNTMS&)( vhkk bntms _kk qnvr hm sgd s_akd- BNTMS&rZkZqx( vhkk bntms nmkx sgd mtladq
ne rZkZqx u_ktdr sg_s _ood_q hm sgd s_akd- He sgdqd _qd _mx qnvr vhsg _ MTKK r_k_qx+ rs_sd,
ldms 1 vhkk mns bntms sgdl-
04- ?- ? FQNTO AX bk_trd ltrs bnms_hm sgd bnktlm nq dwoqdrrhnmr nm vghbg sn odqenql sgd
fqntohmf nodq_shnm- Hs b_mmns trd bnktlm _kh_rhmf-
05- ?- Xnt b_mmns ok_bd _ fqnto etmbshnm hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd- Hmrsd_c+ xnt rgntkc trd _
G UHMF bk_trd-
06- A- Sgdqd hr _s kd_rs nmd bnktlm hm sgd RDKDBS khrs sg_s hr mns _ bnmrs_ms nq fqnto etmbshnm+
rn _ FQNTO AX bk_trd hr l_mc_snqx-
07- C- Sgd G UHMF bk_trd ksdqr c_s_ _esdq sgd fqnto etmbshnm hr _ookhdc- He _m _ffqdf_sd etmb,
shnm hr mns trdc hm sgd G UHMF bk_trd+ sgd bnktlm trdc ltrs ad o_qs ne sgd RDKDBS bk_trd-
08- B- Sgd G UHMF bk_trd b_m ad trdc hm _ RDKDBS rs_sdldms nmkx he sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd hr
oqdrdms- Sgd noshnm_k G UHMF bk_trd ksdqr c_s_ _esdq sgd qnvr _qd rtll_qhydc-
1/- B- Sgd FQNTO AX _mc G UHMF bk_trdr b_m _ood_q hm _mx nqcdq hm sgd RDKDBS bk_trd- He _
VGDQD bk_trd hr oqdrdms+ hs ltrs ad adenqd sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd- NQCDQ AX bk_trd+ he oqdr,
dms+ enkknvr sgd FQNTO AX bk_trd “ NQCDQ AX hr qdbnlldmcdc enq bnmrhrsdms qdrtks nqcdq-
1- ?- ?m ntsdq inhm nodq_snq+ &*(+ hmchb_sdr _m ntsdq inhm _mc hr trdc sn chrok_x sgd
qdbnqcr+ dudm he sgdqd _qd mn bnqqdronmchmf qdbnqcr hm sgd s_akd ldmshnmdc nm sgd nsgdq
rhcd ne sgd nodq_snq- Gdqd+ sgd ntsdq inhm nodq_snq hr mdws sn sgd NQCDQR s_akd+ rn dudm
he sgdqd _qd mn bnqqdronmchmf nqcdqr eqnl _ btrsnldq+ sgd qdrtks rds vhkk g_ud sgd btr,
snldq HC _mc m_ld-
2- A- Vgdm _m ntsdq inhm qdstqmr u_ktdr eqnl _ s_akd sg_s cndr mns g_ud bnqqdronmchmf
qdbnqcr+ _ MTKK hr qdstqmdc-
Bg_osdq 49 Trhmf Inhmr _mc Rtaptdqhdr 0 80
3- B- Sgd inhm bnmchshnm hr rodbhdc hm sgd NM bk_trd- Sgd INHM bk_trd rodbhdr sgd s_akd
sn ad inhmdc- Sgd TRHMF bk_trd rodbhdr sgd bnktlm m_ldr sg_s rgntkc ad trdc hm sgd
inhm- Sgd VGDQD bk_trd hr trdc sn rodbhex _cchshnm_k rd_qbg bqhsdqh_ sn qdrsqhbs sgd qnvr
qdstqmdc-
4- A+ C- Noshnm ? cndr mns vnqj adb_trd xnt b_mmns pt_khex bnktlm m_ldr vgdm trhmf
_ m_stq_k inhm- Noshnm A vnqjr adb_trd sgd nmkx bnllnm bnktlm adsvddm sgdrd svn
s_akdr hr CDO QSLDMS^HC- Sgd jdxvnqc NTSDQ hr noshnm_k- Noshnm B cndr mns vnqj+
_f_hm adb_trd xnt b_mmns pt_khex bnktlm m_ldr vgdm rodbhexhmf sgd TRHMF bk_trd-
Noshnm C vnqjr adb_trd hs rodbhdr sgd inhm bnmchshnm dwokhbhskx hm sgd NM bk_trd-
5- ?+ B- NQ _mc HM _qd mns _kknvdc hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd nm sgd bnktlmr vgdqd _m ntsdq inhm
nodq_snq hr rodbhdc- Xnt b_m trd MC _mc < hm sgd ntsdq inhm-
7- A- Sgd ptdqx e_hkr adb_trd sgd c-CDO QSLDMS^HC bnktlm hr qdedqdmbdc adenqd sgd
CDO QSLDMSR s_akd hr rodbhdc hm sgd INHM bk_trd- ? bnktlm b_m ad qdedqdmbdc nmkx
_esdq hsr s_akd hr rodbhdc-
8- C- Adb_trd CDO QSLDMS^HC Zmc L M FDQ^HC _qd bnllnm bnktlmr hm sgd DLOKNXDDR
_mc CDO QSLDMSR s_akdr+ _ m_stq_k inhm vhkk qdk_sd sgdrd svn s_akdr trhmf sgd svn
bnllnm bnktlmr-
0/- A- Sgdqd _qd svn qdbnqcr hm sgd RS SD s_akd vhsg sgd RS^BNCD u_ktd _r £SM£- Adb_trd
xnt _qd trhmf _ rhmfkd,qnv nodq_snq enq sgd rtaptdqx+ hs vhkk e_hk- Noshnm B vntkc ad
bnqqdbs he hs trdc sgd HM nodq_snq hmrsd_c ne < enq sgd rtaptdqx-
00- ?- Sgd ptdqx vhkk rtbbddc+ adb_trd sgdqd hr nmkx nmd qnv hm sgd BHSX s_akd vhsg sgd
BSX^M LD u_ktd £C KK R£-
01- D- Sgdqd hr mn dqqnq hm sgd rs_sdldms- Sgd ptdqx vhkk qdstqm sgd cdo_qsldms mtladq
vgdqd sgd lnrs dloknxddr _qd vnqjhmf _mc sgd mtladq ne dloknxddr hm sg_s cdo_qsldms-
02- ?- ? rtaptdqx hr bnqqdk_sdc vgdm _ qdedqdmbd hr l_cd sn _ bnktlm eqnl _ s_akd hm sgd
o_qdms rs_sdldms-
04- C- Xnt b_mmns g_ud _m NQCDQ AX bk_trd hm sgd rtaptdqx trdc hm _ VGDQD bk_trd-
0 81 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
05- B- Sgd ptdqx vhkk vnqj md+ oqnctbhmf sgd cheedqdmbd adsvddm sgd dloknxdd&r r_k_qx _mc
sgd _udq_fd r_k_qx hm sgd cdo_qsldms- Xnt cn mns mddc sn trd sgd _kh_r m_ldr+ adb_trd sgd
bnktlm m_ldr qdstqmdc eqnl sgd rtaptdqx _qd cheedqdms eqnl sgd bnktlm m_ldr qdstqmdc
ax sgd o_qdms ptdqx-
06- B- Adb_trd nmkx nmd bnktlm hr rdkdbsdc hm sgd rtaptdqx sn vghbg xnt _qd cnhmf sgd
hmrdqs+ nmkx nmd bnktlm u_ktd rgntkc ad rtookhdc hm sgd U KTDR bk_trd- Sgd U KTDR
bk_trd b_m g_ud nmkx BMS^BNCD u_ktd &860(-
07- A- Vgdm trhmf rds nodq_snqr+ sgd NQCDQ AX bk_trd b_m _ood_q nmkx nm sgd RPK _s sgd
udqx dmc- Xnt b_m trd sgd bnktlm m_ldr ’nq _kh_rdr( _ood_qhmf hm sgd sno ptdqx nq trd
onrhshnm_k bnktlmr-
08- A- ?kk entq ptdqhdr oqnctbd sgd r_ld qdrtks- Sgd qrs ptdqx trdr _ rb_k_q rtaptdqx hm
sgd RDKDBS bk_trd- Sgd qdrs ne sgd ptdqhdr trd _m hmkhmd uhdv- ?kk sgd ptdqhdr chrok_x sgd
k_rs m_ld+ r_k_qx+ _mc cheedqdmbd ne r_k_qx eqnl sgd ghfgdrs r_k_qx hm sgd cdo_qsldms enq
_kk dloknxddr hm cdo_qsldms 1/-
1/- C- Sn mc sgd sno m qnvr+ xnt b_m rdkdbs sgd mdbdrr_qx bnktlmr hm _m hmkhmd uhdv vhsg
_m NQCDQ AX CDRB bk_trd- ?m ntsdq ptdqx khlhshmf sgd qnvr sn m vhkk fhud sgd qdrtks-
QNVMTL qdstqmr sgd qnv mtladq ne sgd qdrtks qnv-
1- D- He _ sq_mr_bshnm hr mns btqqdmskx nodm+ _mx HMRDQS+ TOC SD+ LDQFD+ CDKDSD+ RDKDBS
ENQ TOC SD+ nq KNBJ rs_sdldms vhkk hlokhbhskx adfhm _ sq_mr_bshnm-
2- A+ B- Noshnm ? vhkk dqqnq nts adb_trd vgdm bnktlmr _qd trdc hm RDS+ _ rtaptdqx ltrs
ad trdc _r hm noshnm B- Noshnm C hr vqnmf adb_trd MC hr trdc hmrsd_c ne _ bnll_ sn
rdo_q_sd bnktlmr hm sgd RDS bk_trd-
3- ?+ C- BNLLHS+ QNKKA BJ+ _mc _mx CCK rs_sdldms dmc _ sq_mr_bshnm… CCK hr _tsnl_sh,
b_kkx bnllhssdc- HMRDQS+ TOC SD+ Zmc CDKDSD rs_sdldmsr qdpthqd _ bnllhs nq qnkka_bj-
4- ?- Noshnm ? trdr _ bnqqdk_sdc rtaptdqx sn l_sbg sgd bnqqdbs dloknxdd- Noshnm A rdkdbsr
_kk sgd qnvr hm sgd rtaptdqx _mc+ sgdqdenqd+ vhkk fdmdq_sd _m dqqnq- Noshnm B hr mns u_khc
rxms_w- Noshnm C vhkk toc_sd _kk sgd qnvr hm sgd s_akd adb_trd sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms cndr
mns g_ud _ VGDQD bk_trd- Sgd VGDQD bk_trd oqdrds adknmfr sn sgd rtaptdqx-
5- A- Hm _m TOC SD rs_sdldms+ sgd VGDQD bk_trd rgntkc bnld _esdq sgd RDS bk_trd-
Bg_osdq 59 L_mhotk_shmf C_s_ 0 82
6- C- Vgdm cdkdshmf _ qnv eqnl _ s_akd+ cn mns trd bnktlm m_ldr- Sn bg_mfd bnktlm
u_ktdr sn MTKK+ trd sgd TOC SD rs_sdldms-
7- B- Sgd EQNL jdxvnqc hm sgd CDKDSD rs_sdldms hr noshnm_k- Rs_sdldms 2 qrs athkcr _
rtaptdqx vhsg sgd mdbdrr_qx bnmchshnm _mc sgdm cdkdsdr sgd qnvr eqnl sgd rtaptdqx-
8- A- Vgdm svn r_udonhmsr _qd bqd_sdc vhsg sgd r_ld m_ld+ Nq_bkd nudqvqhsdr sgd nkcdq
r_udonhms: sgdqdenqd+ nmkx sgd mdvdq r_udonhms vhkk ad _u_hk_akd- Hm sgd bncd rdfldms+
sgd CDKDSD _mc sgd qrs HMRDQS _qd mns qnkkdc a_bj-
0/- B- Vgdm toc_shmf lnqd sg_m nmd bnktlm hm _ rhmfkd TOC SD rs_sdldms+ rdo_q_sd sgd
bnktlmr ax _ bnll_: cn mns trd sgd MC nodq_snq-
00- C- Noshnm ? toc_sdr sgd vqnmf s_akd- Noshnm A g_r sgd qhfgs rxms_w ats vhkk toc_sd
_kk sgd qnvr hm sgd DLOKNXDD s_akd adb_trd sgdqd hr mn VGDQD bk_trd enq sgd TOC SD
rs_sdldms- Adb_trd sgd VGDQD bk_trd hr hm sgd rtaptdqx+ _kk sgd qnvr sg_s cn mns adknmf
sn cdo_qsldms 11 vhkk ad toc_sdc vhsg _ MTKK- Noshnmr B _mc C _qd rhlhk_q+ dwbdos
enq sgd MC jdxvnqc hmrsd_c ne VGDQD-
01- C- Sgd qrs HMRDQS rs_sdldms _mc sgd k_rs HMRDQS rs_sdldms vhkk ad r_udc hm sgd c_s_a_rd-
Sgd QNKKA BJ SN rs_sdldms vhkk tmcn sgd rdbnmc _mc sghqc hmrdqsr-
02- A- Noshnm A vhkk q_hrd _m dwbdoshnm adb_trd sgdqd _qd mns dmntfg bnktlm u_ktdr enq sgd
hlokhbhs bnktlm khrs ’_kk bnktlmr(-
03- A- Adb_trd sgd knbZshnm^hc bnktlm hr cdmdc vhsg _ cde_tks u_ktd ne 88+ rs_sdldms 0
vhkk hmrdqs 88 enq knbZshnm^hc- Hm rs_sdldms 1+ _ MTKK hr dwokhbhskx hmrdqsdc hmsn sgd
knbZshnm^hc bnktlm: Nq_bkd vhkk mns qdok_bd sgd MTKK vhsg sgd cde_tks u_ktd cdmdc-
04- A- Sgd EHQRS bk_trd sdkkr Nq_bkd sn dwdbtsd nmkx sgd qrs VGDM bk_trd sg_s du_kt_sdr sn
SQTD enq d_bg qnv- Adb_trd mn qnvr g_ud _ bgZmmdk^hc ne B+ mn qnvr vntkc ad hmrdqsdc
hmsn sgd bZsZknf^rZkdr s_akd: 13+/// qnvr g_ud _ bgZmmdk^hc ne H+ rn bnmsqnk vntkc
o_rr sn sgd rdbnmc VGDM bk_trd 13+/// shldr+ _mc sgd hmsdqmds^rZkdr s_akd vntkc fds
13+/// qnvr- Adb_trd sgd rdbnmc VGDM bk_trd du_kt_sdr sn SQTD _mc sgd HMRDQS EHQRS
noshnm hr rodbhdc+ sgdrd qnvr vntkc mns l_jd hs sn sgd sghqc VGDM bk_trd _mc vntkc mns
ad hmrdqsdc hmsn sgd mdv^bgZmmdk^rZkdr s_akd- G_c sgd HMRDQS KK noshnm addm trdc+
sgdrd 13+/// qnvr vntkc _krn ad hmrdqsdc hmsn sgd mdv^bgZmmdk^rZkdr s_akd: 01+///
qnvr g_ud _ bgZmmdk^hc ne S+ rn bnmsqnk vntkc o_rr _kk sgd v_x sn sgd sghqc VGDM bk_trd
enq sgdrd qnvr+ _mc 01+/// qnvr vntkc ad hmrdqsdc hmsn mdv^bgZmmdk^rZkdr-
05- B- Sgd SQTMB SD rs_sdldms hr CCK _mc odqenqlr _m hlokhbhs bnllhs- ?esdq sgd SQTMB SD
rs_sdldms hr odqenqldc nm sgd dloknxddr s_akd+ sgdqd vhkk ad 013 qnvr hm sgd dlo s_akd-
Sgd nmd qnv sg_s hr hmrdqsdc vhkk ad qdlnudc vgdm sgd QNKKA BJ rs_sdldms hr dwdbtsdc-
06- C- Xnt ltrs g_ud sgd RDS jdxvnqc hm _m TOC SD rs_sdldms- Sgd ADSVDDM nodq_snq _mc
_mx nsgdq u_khc nodq_snqr _qd _kknvdc hm sgd VGDQD bk_trd-
0 83 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
07- C- Vgdm CLK nodq_shnmr _qd odqenqldc+ Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb_kkx knbjr sgd qnvr- Xnt b_m
ptdqx ’qd_c( sgd qnvr+ ats mn nsgdq CLK nodq_shnm hr _kknvdc nm sgnrd qnvr- Vgdm xnt
qd_c sgd qnvr+ Nq_bkd bnmrshstsdr _ qd_c,bnmrhrsdms uhdv trhmf sgd tmcn rdfldmsr-
08- A- Sgd jdxvnqcr HMRDQS HMSN _qd qdpthqdc hm rhmfkd,s_akd HMRDQS rs_sdldmsr ats _qd
mns u_khc hm ltkshokd,s_akd HMRDQS rs_sdldmsr-
1/- C- Sgd m_k qnkka_bj ’sn onhms^c( vhkk qnkk sgd bg_mfdr a_bj sn itrs _esdq rdsshmf sgd
r_k_qx sn #0+4//-
1- A- ? U?QBG?Q1 c_s_sxod rgntkc _kv_xr rodbhex sgd l_whltl kdmfsg ne sgd bnktlm-
2- B- Sgd bnqqdbs rs_sdldms hr B- Vgdm xnt _qd _cchmf nmkx nmd bnktlm+ sgd bnktlm cd,
mhshnm cndrm&s mddc sn ad dmbknrdc hm o_qdmsgdrdr-
3- A+ C- Nmkx sgqdd rodbh_k bg_q_bsdqr ’#+ ^+ _mc "( _qd _kknvdc hm s_akd m_ldr _knmf vhsg
kdssdqr _mc mtladqr-
4- B- ?kk hcdmshdqr ’bnktlm m_ldr+ s_akd m_ldr+ _mc rn nm( ltrs adfhm vhsg _m _kog_,
adshb bg_q_bsdq- ?m hcdmshdq b_m bnms_hm _kog_adshb bg_q_bsdqr+ mtladqr+ _mc sgd rod,
bh_k bg_q_bsdqr #+ "+ _mc ^-
5- B- Sgd TRDQ^S AKDR uhdv oqnuhcdr hmenql_shnm nm sgd s_akdr nvmdc ax sgd trdq vgn
g_r knffdc nm sg_s rdrrhnm- CA ^S AKDR vhkk g_ud _kk sgd s_akdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd+ _mc
KK^S AKDR vhkk g_ud sgd s_akdr nvmdc ax xnt _r vdkk _r sgd s_akdr sn vghbg xnt g_ud
_bbdrr- TRQ^S AKDR hr mns _ u_khc chbshnm_qx uhdv-
6- C- Vgdm _ cde_tks u_ktd hr rodbhdc hm sgd mdv bnktlm _ccdc+ sgd bnktlm u_ktdr enq sgd
dwhrshmf qnvr _qd mns onotk_sdc vhsg sgd cde_tks u_ktd: nmkx sgd chbshnm_qx hr toc_sdc-
8- C- He xnt cn mns rodbhex _ kdmfsg enq _ BG Q bnktlm+ sgd cde_tks kdmfsg ne 0 hr _rrtldc-
Bg_osdq 69 Bqd_shmf S_akdr _mc Bnmrsq_hmsr 0 84
0/- ?- Xnt b_m trd sgd CQNO BNKTLM bk_trd vhsg sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms sn cqno _
bnktlm- Sgdqd hr mn rdo_q_sd CQNO BNKTLM rs_sdldms nq _ QDLNUD bk_trd hm sgd KSDQ
S AKD rs_sdldms- Sgd RDS TMTRDC bk_trd hr trdc sn l_qj sgd bnktlm _r tmtrdc- Sghr
bnktlm b_m ad cqnoodc k_sdq trhmf sgd CQNO TMTRDC BNKTLMR bk_trd-
00- B+ C+ D- ?kk _bshnmr sg_s cn mns lnchex sgd c_s_ hm sgd s_akd _qd odqlhssdc nm _ qd_c,
nmkx s_akd- Sgd _bshnmr ne bqd_shmf.cqnoohmf _ bnmrsq_hms+ bqd_shmf.cqnoohmf _m hmcdw+
_mc cqnoohmf _ s_akd _qd _kknvdc- Dudm sgntfg sqtmb_shmf hr _ CCK _bshnm+ hs hr mns
odqlhssdc adb_trd sgd c_s_ hm sgd s_akd hr _eedbsdc-
01- B+ C- Sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms hr trdc sn bqd_sd _mc qdlnud bnmrsq_hmsr- BQD SD
OQHL QX JDX _mc BQD SD BNMRSQ HMS _qd hmu_khc rs_sdldmsr- ? bnmrsq_hms hr _kv_xr
_ccdc sn _m dwhrshmf s_akd trhmf sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms-
02- A+ B- Bgdbj bnmrsq_hmsr b_mmns qdedqdmbd sgd RXRC SD etmbshnm nq nsgdq s_akdr-
03- ?+ C+ F- Xnt b_mmns _cc svn C?SD c_s_sxodr+ ats xnt b_m rtasq_bs sn mc sgd cheedq,
dmbd hm c_xr- Ltkshokhb_shnm _mc chuhrhnm nodq_snqr _qd odqlhssdc nmkx nm HMSDQU?K
c_s_sxodr- Vgdm xnt _qd _cchmf nq rtasq_bshmf HMSDQU?K c_s_sxodr+ ansg HMSDQ,
U?K c_s_sxodr rgntkc ad ne sgd r_ld b_sdfnqx-
04- A- CDEDQQ AKD rodbhdr sg_s sgd bnmrsq_hms b_m ad cdedqqdc trhmf sgd RDS BNMRSQ HMSR
bnll_mc- HMHSH KKX HLLDCH SD rodbhdr sg_s sgd bnmrsq_hms&r cde_tks adg_uhnq hr sn
u_khc_sd sgd bnmrsq_hms enq d_bg RPK rs_sdldms dwdbtsdc-
05- B- Sgd cde_tks oqdbhrhnm hr rhw chfhsr- Sgd oqdbhrhnm b_m q_mfd eqnl / sn 8-
06- B- Nmkx SHLDRS?LO VHSG SHLD YNMD rsnqdr sgd shld,ynmd hmenql_shnm _r _ chr,
ok_bdldms eqnl TSB- SHLDRS?LO VHSG KNB?K SHLD YNMD _citrsr sgd shld sn
sgd c_s_a_rd&r shld ynmd adenqd rsnqhmf hs-
07- B- Xnt b_m chr_akd _ bnmrsq_hms ax rodbhexhmf hsr bnmrsq_hms m_ld- Xnt l_x dm_akd
sgd bnmrsq_hms _esdq sgd kn_c _mc _unhc sgd bnmrsq_hms bgdbjhmf vghkd dm_akhmf trd ne sgd
KSDQ S AKD NQCDQR LNCHEX BNMRSQ HMS EJ^NQCDQR DM AKD MNU KHC SD: bnll_mc-
08- B- QDM LD b_m ad trdc sn qdm_ld naidbsr nvmdc ax sgd trdq- KSDQ S AKD rgntkc ad
trdc sn qdm_ld s_akdr nvmdc ax _mnsgdq trdq- Sn cn rn+ xnt ltrs g_ud sgd KSDQ oqhuh,
kdfd nm sgd s_akd nq sgd KSDQ MX S AKD oqhuhkdfd-
1/- ?- Sgd s_akd vhkk ad bqd_sdc vhsgnts dqqnq- ? s_akd b_mmns g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd KNMF bnk,
tlm+ ats KNMF _mc ltkshokd KNA bnktlmr b_m dwhrs snfdsgdq- He _ KNMF nq KNMF Q V bnktlm
hr cdmdc+ _mnsgdq KNMF nq KNMF Q V bnktlm b_mmns ad trdc-
0 85 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
Bg_osdq 79 Hmsqnctbhmf
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr
_mc ?qbghsdbstqd
0- A+ B- C_s_a_rd ateedq b_bgd+ rg_qdc onnk+ _mc knf ateedq _qd qdpthqdc: sgdx _qd bnmf,
tqdc _tsnl_shb_kkx hm dudqx hmrs_mbd- Hs hr adssdq sn trd ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms
nq ?tsnl_shb Rg_qdc Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms+ rn sg_s sgd CA? cndr mns mddc sn stmd
hmchuhct_k bnlonmdmsr-
1- C- Sgd bnmsqnk kd hr sgd lnrs jdx kd hm _m Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd- Ctd sn hsr hlonqs_mbd+ hs
hr _ fnnc oq_bshbd sn g_ud svn lnqd bnohdr ne sgd kd- ? c_s_a_rd ltrs g_ud _s kd_rs nmd
bnmsqnk kd sn rs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd-
3- B- Bnmsqnk kd+ c_s_ kd+ _mc qdcn knf kdr _qd o_qs ne sgd Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd- Sgd Nq_bkd
hmrs_mbd bnmrshstsdr sgd ldlnqx rsqtbstqdr _mc a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr-
4- B- Sgd knf vqhsdq ’KFVQ( oqnbdrr vqhsdr sgd qdcn knf ateedq hmenql_shnm sn sgd nmkhmd
qdcn knf kdr- ? bnllhs nodq_shnm hr bnlokdsdc nmkx _esdq sgd qdcn ateedq hr vqhssdm sn
nmkhmd qdcn knf kdr-
5- C- Vgdm _ trdq hrrtdr _ bnllhs+ sgd KFVQ oqnbdrr l_jdr rtqd sgd qdcn knf ateedq
hr vqhssdm sn sgd nmkhmd qdcn knf kdr- C_s_a_rd vqhsdq s_jdr mn _bshnm _f_hmrs sgd
bnllhs dudms-
6- ?- Vhsg Qd_k ?ookhb_shnm Bktrsdqr+ ltkshokd hmrs_mbdr ’jmnvm _r mncdr( b_m lntms nmd
c_s_a_rd- Nmd hmrs_mbd b_m ad _rrnbh_sdc vhsg nmkx nmd c_s_a_rd-
7- B- Sgd rg_qdc RPK _qd_ hr rsnqdc hm sgd khaq_qx b_bgd hm _ rg_qdc onnk _mc hr rg_qdc
adsvddm trdqr- He _ ptdqx hr dwdbtsdc _f_hm adenqd hs hr _fdc nts ne sgd khaq_qx b_bgd+
Nq_bkd vhkk trd sgd o_qrdc bncd _mc dwdbtshnm ok_m eqnl sgd khaq_qx b_bgd- Sgd c_s_,
a_rd ateedq b_bgd g_r sgd c_s_ aknbjr b_bgdc- Sgd chbshnm_qx b_bgd b_bgdr c_s_ chbshnm,
_qx hmenql_shnm- Sgdqd hr mn RF? bnlonmdms b_kkdc sgd o_qrd b_bgd-
8- ?+ C- RLNM hr qdronmrhakd enq odqenqlhmf hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx trhmf sgd nmkhmd qdcn knf
kdr _mc enq bn_kdrbhmf bnmshftntr eqdd ro_bd hm s_akdro_bdr- Sgd OLNM hr qdronmrhakd
enq rdrrhnm bkd_mto _mc enq eqddhmf to _kk qdrntqbdr _esdq _ trdq rdrrhnm hr sdqlhm_sdc-
Bg_osdq 79 Hmsqnctbhmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Bnlonmdmsr _mc ?qbghsdbstqd 0 86
0/- A- ? s_akd nq hmcdw g_r _ rdfldms- ? rdfldms bnmrhrsr ne nmd nq lnqd dwsdmsr- ? rdf,
ldms b_m adknmf sn nmkx nmd s_akdro_bd+ ats hs b_m ro_m _bqnrr ltkshokd c_s_ kdr-
00- B+ C- LLNM ’L_m_fd_ahkhsx Lnmhsnq( b_ostqdr sgd ?VQ c_s_a_rd _mc odqenqlr
?CCL _m_kxrhr- LLMK ’L_m_fd_ahkhsx Lnmhsnq Khsd( odqenqlr s_rjr qdk_sdc sn
_bshud rdrrhnm,ghrsnqx r_lokhmf _mc ldsqhbr bnlots_shnm- Sgd ?QBm ’?qbghudq( oqnbdrr
hr qdronmrhakd enq vqhshmf qdcn knf bnohdr sn sgd _qbghud knf knb_shnm- Sghr oqnbdrr hr
dm_akdc nmkx vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd hr qtmmhmf hm ?QBGHUDKNF lncd- LL?M ’Ldl,
nqx L_m_fdq( hr qdronmrhakd enq qdrhyhmf sgd ldlnqx bnlonmdmsr vgdm qdpthqdc- Sghr
oqnbdrr hr _bshud nmkx vgdm ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx nodq_shnmr _qd bnmftqdc-
01- C- Sgd k_qfd onnk hr bnmftqdc rn sg_s QL?M cndr mns trd sgd rg_qdc onnk: sgdqdenqd+
sgd rg_qdc onnk hr sns_kkx cdchb_sdc sn _ookhb_shnm ro_bd-
02- C- OLNM hr qdronmrhakd enq bkd_mhmf to e_hkdc trdq oqnbdrrdr- Hs qdbk_hlr _kk sgd
qdrntqbdr gdkc ax sgd trdq _mc qdkd_rdr _kk knbjr nm s_akdr _mc qnvr gdkc ax sgd trdq-
Mn nsgdq oqnbdrr hr hmunkudc hm sgd rdrrhnm bkd_mto-
03- C- Sgd KQT ldbg_mhrl dmrtqdr sg_s d_bg trdq&r rdqudq oqnbdrr b_m mc eqdd ro_bd hm
sgd rg_qdc onnk _mc c_s_a_rd ateedq b_bgd vgdmdudq sgdx mddc hs+ ats hs _krn jddor eqd,
ptdmskx trdc naidbsr b_bgdc hm sgnrd ldlnqx _qd_r-
04- ?- Sgd hmrs_mbd bnmrhrsr ne sgd RF? _mc _kk sgd Nq_bkd a_bjfqntmc oqnbdrrdr- Sgd
c_s_a_rd hr bnlonrdc ne sgd bnmsqnk kdr+ c_s_ kdr+ _mc qdcn knfr-
06- C- OLNM hr nmd ne sgd bqhshb_k oqnbdrrdr ne Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ _mc sdqlhm_shmf sg_s
oqnbdrr vhkk bq_rg sgd c_s_a_rd- Ctqhmf hmrs_mbd rs_qsto+ Nq_bkd vhkk qdpthqd sgd qdcn knf
kdr vhsg rs_str BTQQDMS _r vdkk _r ?BSHUD hm nqcdq sn odqenql hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx-
07- A- Ctqhmf _m hmbqdldms_k c_s_a_rd bgdbjonhms+ sgd bnmsqnk kd hr toc_sdc vhsg sgd
bgdbjonhms onrhshnm: c_s_ kdr _qd mns toc_sdc- C_s_ kd gd_cdqr _qd toc_sdc vhsg
bgdbjonhms hmenql_shnm ax sgd CAVm oqnbdrr vgdm chqsx ateedqr _qd vqhssdm sn sgd
kdr- Ctqhmf sgqd_cdc bgdbjonhms nq etkk c_s_a_rd bgdbjonhms+ _kk kd gd_cdqr _qd
toc_sdc- Sghr g_oodmr ctqhmf _ mnql_k rgtscnvm _r vdkk _r ctqhmf nmkhmd knf rvhsbg-
08- ?+ D+ B+ E+ F+ A- C_s_ aknbjr _qd _kv_xr bg_mfdc hm sgd ldlnqx+ _mc sgd bg_mfd udb,
snqr _qd vqhssdm sn qdcn sgd knf ateedq- KFVQ vqhsdr sgd qdcn knf ateedqr sn qdcn sgd
knf kdr nm chrj _r rnnm _r sgd bnllhs nbbtqr- Sghr ft_q_msddr qdbnudq_ahkhsx- Ctqhmf _
bgdbjonhms+ c_s_ kdr _qd toc_sdc vhsg sgd bg_mfdc aknbjr ax sgd CAVm oqnbdrr-
1/- ?- Qdcn knf fqntor vhsg rs_str BTQQDMS _mc ?BSHUD _qd qdpthqdc ctqhmf hmrs_mbd
bq_rg qdbnudqx-
0 87 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
2- B- U#O Q LDSDQ rgnvr hmenql_shnm _ants sgd o_q_ldsdqr _mc sgdhq btqqdms u_ktdr hm
sgd c_s_a_rd- U#ROO Q LSDQ rgnvr sgd hmenql_shnm _r qd_c eqnl sgd rokd-
3- C- Vgdm bqd_shmf _ mdv c_s_a_rd nq bqd_shmf _ bnmsqnk kd+ sgd c_s_a_rd rgntkc ad hm
sgd MNLNTMS rs_sd-
4- A- Sgd _kdqs knf kd hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hr r_udc hm sgd #NQ BKD^A RD.chZf.
qcalr.;cam_ld=.;hmrs_mbdm_ld=.sqZbd chqdbsnqx- Sgd WLK udqrhnm ne sgd _kdqs knf
kd hr hm sgd #NQ BKD^A RD.chZf.qcalr.;cam_ld=.;hmrs_mbdm_ld=.Zkdqs chqdbsnqx-
5- B- Sgd Btrsnl sdlok_sd kdsr xnt bgnnrd sgd c_s_a_rd aknbj rhyd hm sgd CAB?- He sgd
sdlok_sd hmbktcdr c_s_ kdr+ sgd aknbj rhyd ne sgd sdlok_sd b_mmns ad bg_mfdc- Sgd oqd,
cdmdc sdlok_sdr sg_s bnld vhsg c_s_ kdr g_ud sgd aknbj rhyd _s 7JA-
6- ?- Sgd C_s_a_rd Bnmftq_shnm ?rrhrs_ms kdsr xnt bqd_sd c_s_a_rdr+ l_m_fd sdlok_sdr+
_cc c_s_a_rd noshnmr+ _mc cdkdsd c_s_a_rdr- ?ksgntfg xnt b_m bg_mfd hmhsh_khy_shnm
o_q_ldsdqr vgdm xnt _qd cdmhmf _ c_s_a_rd+ sghr hr mns nmd ne sgd l_m_fdldms
noshnmr _u_hk_akd-
8- C- Vghkd sgd Tmhw rxrsdl _clhmhrsq_snq hr qdronmrhakd enq bqd_shmf unktld fqntor _mc
lntms onhmsr+ sgd CA? fdmdq_kkx cdbhcdr vgdqd sgd Nq_bkd ahm_qhdr vhkk ad hmrs_kkdc…
sgd knb_shnm cdqhudc eqnl #NQ BKD^A RD nq cdrhfm_sdc ax sgd #NQ BKD^GNLD dmuhqnm,
ldms u_qh_akd-
Bg_osdq 89 Bqd_shmf _mc Nodq_shmf Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b 0 88
0/- B- Vgdm rs_qshmf sgd hmrs_mbd+ Nq_bkd knnjr enq roehkdNB 01B-nqZ kd- He hs b_mmns
mc sg_s kd+ hs knnjr enq roehkd-nqZ- He sg_s kd hr mns entmc+ Nq_bkd knnjr enq sgd
hmhsNB 01B-nqZ kd-
00- ?- Sgd aknbj rhyd ne sgd c_s_a_rd b_mmns ad bg_mfdc _esdq c_s_a_rd bqd_shnm- Sgd
c_s_a_rd m_ld b_m ad bg_mfdc _esdq sgd bnmsqnk kd hr qd,bqd_sdc vhsg _ mdv m_ld+
_mc sgd BNMSQNK^EHKDR o_q_ldsdq b_m ad bg_mfdc _esdq sgd bnmsqnk kdr _qd bnohdc
sn sgd mdv knb_shnm-
01- C- Sgd bZsZknf-rpk rbqhos bqd_sdr sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx uhdvr+ cxm_lhb odqenql_mbd
uhdvr+ _mc rxmnmxlr-
02- A- Sgd sdws,_kdqs knf kd g_r sgd m_ld Zkdqs^;hmrsZmbdmZld=-knf- Enq lnrs mnm,Q?B
c_s_a_rdr+ sgd hmrs_mbd m_ld _mc c_s_a_rd m_ld vntkc ad sgd r_ld-
03- A+ C- RS QSTO ENQBD vhkk odqenql _ RGTSCNVM ANQS _mc RS QSTO ne sgd c_s_a_rd-
RGTSCNVM ANQS vhkk sdqlhm_sd _kk rdrrhnmr _mc oqnbdrrdr _mc vhkk rgts cnvm sgd
hmrs_mbd-
04- B- Sgd qdbnudqx ne _ c_s_a_rd nbbtqr vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd lnudr eqnl sgd LNTMS lncd
sn sgd NODM lncd- ?kk sgdrd noshnmr _ssdlos sn rs_qs to _mc nodm sgd c_s_a_rd dwbdos
enq noshnm B+ vghbg nmkx otsr sgd c_s_a_rd hm MNLNTMS lncd-
05- ?- Vgdm xnt odqenql _ RGTSCNVM ANQS+ Nq_bkd mdudq odqenqlr _ bkd_m rgtscnvm- ?kk
nsgdq sxodr ne rgtscnvmr _qd bnmrhcdqdc bkd_m rgtscnvmr adb_trd Nq_bkd vhkk mns g_ud
sn odqenql _ qdbnudqx nm _ rtardptdms c_s_a_rd rs_qsto-
06- A- Sgd RS QSTO QDRSQHBS bgnhbd nodmr sgd c_s_a_rd _mc _kknvr nmkx trdqr vhsg
QDRSQHBSDC c_s_a_rd _bbdrr sn bnmmdbs _mc trd hs-
07- B- ?m rokd hr _mnsgdq sdql enq _ rdqudq,rhcd ahm_qx kd sg_s Nq_bkd qd_cr vgdm _
c_s_a_rd rs_qsto hr odqenqldc- Sghr ahm_qx kd bnms_hmr _kk sgd mnmcde_tks hmhsh_khy_,
shnm o_q_ldsdqr trdc _s rs_qsto-
08- C- Sgd Nq_bkd _kdqs knf bnms_hmr _ bgqnmnknfhb_k ghrsnqx ne _clhmhrsq_shud dudmsr _mc
_bshnmr _mc bdqs_hm sxodr ne c_s_a_rd dqqnqr sg_s nbbtq vhsghm sgd c_s_a_rd- ?cchmf _
bnktlm sn _ trdq s_akd hr mns _m _clhmhrsq_shud _bshnm _mc hr mns qdbnqcdc hm sgd _kdqs
knf- ?cchmf _ bnktlm vhkk ad vqhssdm sn _kdqs knf he sgd o_q_ldsdq dmZakd^cck^knffhmf
hr rds sn SQTD: sgd cde_tks hr E?KRD-
1/- A+ B- ? c_s_a_rd b_mmns ad rs_qsdc nq rsnoodc trhmf NDL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr- Sgd C_s_,
a_rd Bnmsqnk qdonrhsnqx hr mns bqd_sdc vgdm sgd BQD SD C S A RD rs_sdldms hr dwdbtsdc-
CAB? bqd_sdr sgd C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk qdonrhsnqx _mc bnmftqdr C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk enq xnt-
00 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
2- A- Qdcn hmenql_shnm hr mns rsnqdc hm _ rdfldms: hs hr rsnqdc hm sgd qdcn knfr- Tmcn rdf,
ldmsr _qd rsnqdc hm sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd: sdlonq_qx rdfldmsr _qd hm sgd sdlonq_qx
s_akdro_bd: _mc odql_mdms rdfldmsr fn hmsn _kk sgd nsgdq s_akdro_bdr-
4- C+ D- Vgdm _ s_akdro_bd hr qd_c,nmkx+ CLK nodq_shnmr _mc nodq_shnmr sg_s _eedbs c_s_
hm sgd s_akd _qd mns _kknvdc- SQTMB SD hr mns _kknvdc+ ats sgd CQNO nodq_shnm hr _kknvdc-
Xnt b_m _krn qdm_ld sgd s_akd trhmf sgd QDM LD rs_sdldms nq sgd KSDQ S AKD rs_sdldms-
5- B+ ?- Sn l_jd _ s_akdro_bd qd_c,nmkx+ _kk sgd c_s_ kdr adknmfhmf sn sgd s_akdro_bd ltrs
ad nmkhmd _mc _u_hk_akd- Rn aqhmf sgd s_akdro_bd nmkhmd+ _mc sgdm l_jd hs qd_c,nmkx-
6- ?+ A- Xnt b_m _cc lnqd ro_bd sn _ s_akdro_bd dhsgdq ax _cchmf _ c_s_ kd nq ax hmbqd_r,
hmf sgd rhyd ne _m dwhrshmf c_s_ kd- Noshnm ? cndr mns g_ud _ kdm_ld rodbhdc: hs trdr
sgd NLE ed_stqd sn fdmdq_sd sgd kdm_ld-
7- A- CA^B BGD^RHYD cndrm&s mddc sn ad rds enq sgd rs_mc_qc aknbj rhyd adb_trd ?tsnl_shb
Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms hr trdc- He xnt rds CA^B BGD^RHYD+ hsr u_ktd vhkk ad trdc _r sgd
lhmhltl- CA^05J^B BGD^RHYD rgntkc ad rds enq sgd mnmrs_mc_qc aknbj rhyd- Xnt ltrs
mns rds sgd CA^7J^B BGD^RHYD o_q_ldsdq adb_trd sgd rs_mc_qc aknbj rhyd hr 7JA-
8- B- Knb_kkx l_m_fdc sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bdr _qd bqd_sdc trhmf sgd BQD SD SDLONQ QX
S AKDRO BD bnll_mc- Sgd c_s_ kdr ’sdlonq_qx kdr( adknmfhmf sn sgdrd s_akdro_bdr _qd
hm sgd CA ^SDLO^EHKDR uhdv- Sgd DWSDMS^L M FDLDMS bnktlm ne sgd CA ^S AKDRO BDR
uhdv rgnvr sgd sxod ne s_akdro_bd- Sgd c_s_ kdr adknmfhmf sn knb_kkx l_m_fdc odql_,
mdms s_akdro_bdr _mc chbshnm_qx,l_m_fdc ’odql_mdms _mc sdlonq_qx( s_akdro_bdr b_m
ad ptdqhdc eqnl CA ^C S ^EHKDR- Knb_kkx l_m_fdc sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bdr qdctbd bnm,
sdmshnm nm sgd c_s_ chbshnm_qx s_akdr-
0/- C- Sgd HMBKTCHMF BNMSDMSR bk_trd hr trdc sn cqno _ s_akdro_bd sg_s hr mns dlosx-
Nq_bkd cndr mns qdlnud sgd c_s_ kdr sg_s adknmf sn sgd s_akdro_bd he sgd kdr _qd
mns Nq_bkd,l_m_fdc: xnt mddc sn cn hs l_mt_kkx trhmf _m NR bnll_mc- Nq_bkd
Bg_osdq 0/9 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Rsnq_fd _mc Ro_bd L_m_fdldms 00 0
toc_sdr nmkx sgd bnmsqnk kd- Sn qdlnud sgd kdr+ xnt b_m hmbktcd sgd HMBKTCHMF BNM,
SDMSR MC C S EHKDR bk_trd-
00- ?- Xnt b_m trd sgd KSDQ S AKDRO BD bnll_mc sn qdm_ld _ kd sg_s adknmfr sn
sgd s_akdro_bd+ ats _kk nsgdq kd,l_m_fdldms nodq_shnmr _qd cnmd sgqntfg sgd
KSDQ C S A RD bnll_mc- Sn dm_akd _tsndwsdmrhnm+ trd KSDQ C S A RD C S EHKD
;EHKDM LD= TSNDWSDMC NM MDWS ;HMSDFDQ= L WRHYD ;HMSDFDQ=-
01- B- Sgd c_s_ kdr adknmfhmf sn sgd RXRSDL s_akdro_bd b_m ad qdm_ldc vgdm sgd c_s_a_rd
hr hm sgd LNTMS rs_sd ax trhmf sgd KSDQ C S A RD QDM LD EHKD rs_sdldms-
02- A+ B- NDL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr cndr mns g_ud _m noshnm sn _citrs sgd rdqudq,l_m_fdc
_kdqsr hm C_s_a_rd 01b Qdkd_rd 0- NDL Bkntc Bnmsqnk _mc CALR^RDQUDQ^ KDQS-RDS^
SGQDRGNKC b_m ad trdc sn rds sgd sgqdrgnkc enq s_akdro_bdr-
05- C- KSDQ S AKD – LNUD _mc KSDQ S AKD – QDATHKC _qd mns nmkhmd nodq_shnmr _mc
vhkk qdpthqd _m dwbktrhud knbj nm sgd naidbs- Rdfldms rgqhmj hr _bbnlokhrgdc trhmf sgd
RGQHMJ RO BD bk_trd ne KSDQ S AKD _mc KSDQ HMCDW- ? rgqhmj nodq_shnm cndr mns
hmu_khc_sd cdodmcdms naidbsr-
06- B- Sgd BNLOQDRR noshnm ax hsrdke dm_akdr a_rhb bnloqdrrhnm+ _mc hs bnloqdrrdr nmkx
chqdbs,kn_c nodq_shnmr- MNBNLOQDRR chr_akdr bnloqdrrhnm- BNLOQDRR enq NMKHMD CLK hr
_m hmu_khc rxms_w-
07- ?- ?m dwsdms bnmrhrsr ne nmd nq lnqd bnmshftntr Nq_bkd aknbjr- Noshnm A hr sqtd he
xnt dwsdmc sgd _mrvdq _ khsskd ahs+ sg_s _m Nq_bkd aknbj hr _ ltkshokd ne NR aknbjr- ?
rdfldms bnmrhrsr ne nmd nq lnqd dwsdmsr+ mns sgd nsgdq v_x- ?m dwsdms hr mns _kv_xr
_kknb_sdc vgdm _ s_akd hr bqd_sdc: _m dwsdms hr _kknb_sdc vgdm sgd qrs qnv hr hmrdqsdc
hmsn sgd s_akd-
08- A- Sgd s_akdro_bd W hr bqd_sdc vhsgnts _mx dqqnq _mc sgd rxms_w hr bnqqdbs- Sgd
s_akdro_bd bqd_sdc vhkk g_ud sgd cde_tks bg_q_bsdqhrshbr- Hs vhkk trd _m Nq_bkd L_m,
_fdc Ehkd ne 0//L+ _tsndwsdmrhakd to sn 21FA- Hs vhkk _krn g_ud KNFFHMF+ MNBNLOQDRR+
NMKHMD+ ODQL MDMS+ DWSDMS L M FDLDMS KNB K TSN KKNB SD+ _mc RDFLDMS RO BD
L M FDLDMS TSN oqnodqshdr-
1/- B- Rdfldms HC hr mns o_qs ne QNVHC- QNVHC hmbktcdr sgd c_s_ naidbs mtladq+ qdk_shud
kd mtladq vgdqd sgd aknbj hr rsnqdc+ sgd aknbj mtladq hm sgd kd+ _mc sgd qnv mtladq-
00 1 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
1- C- Vgdm xnt trd RDS SQ MR BSHNM QD C NMKX+ mn c_s_ bg_mfdr b_m ad l_cd hm sgd
sq_mr_bshnm- Xnt b_m l_jd CCK bg_mfdr sgntfg- ? CCK rs_sdldms cndr _m hlokhbhs
BNLLHS _mc dmcr sgd sq_mr_bshnm- KSDQ TRDQ hr _ CCK rs_sdldms-
2- ?- Ft_q_msddc tmcn qdsdmshnm b_m ad rds _s sgd s_akdro_bd kdudk ax trhmf sgd QDSDMSHNM
FT Q MSDD bk_trd vhsg dhsgdq sgd BQD SD S AKDRO BD nq KSDQ S AKDRO BD bnll_mc-
Nmkx tmcn s_akdro_bdr b_m g_ud sghr _ssqhatsd-
3- B- RG QD QNV DWBKTRHUD lncd odqlhsr bnmbtqqdms ptdqhdr ats oqnghahsr toc_sdr sn sgd
knbjdc s_akd- RG QD lncd hr qdpthqdc sn bqd_sd _m hmcdw nm sgd s_akd- QNV RG QD hr sgd
kd_rs qdrsqhbshud lncd ne sgd s_akd knbj _mc _kknvr toc_sdr nm sgd s_akd- QNV DWBKTRHUD
knbjr sgd lnchdc qnvr+ ats _kknvr toc_sdr sn sgd s_akd enq mnmknbjdc qnvr- RG QD
knbj gdkc ax _ sq_mr_bshnm _kknvr nsgdq sq_mr_bshnmr sn ptdqx sgd qnvr+ ats toc_sdr _qd
_kknvdc vgdm _ rhmfkd sq_mr_bshnm gnkcr sgd rg_qd s_akd knbj-
5- A+ B- Knbjr _qd qdrnkudc _s sgd trdq kdudk ax dhsgdq bnllhsshmf nq qnkkhmf a_bj sgd sq_mr_b,
shnm gnkchmf sgd knbj- ?krn+ sgd CA? b_m jhkk sgd rdrrhnm gnkchmf sgd knbj _r _ k_rs qdrnqs-
6- C- ?s 0/9/0+ rdrrhnm 0 v_hsr enq rdrrhnm 1- ?s 0/9/4+ _ cd_cknbj vhkk nbbtq: Nq_bkd
cdsdbsr sgd cd_cknbj _mc b_mbdkr nmd ne sgd rs_sdldmsr-
8- A- Qdf_qckdrr ne sgd sxod ne knbj qdptdrsdc+ MNV HS hr qdpthqdc he xnt v_ms sgd bnll_mc
vhsg sgd knbj qdptdrs sn sdqlhm_sd hlldch_sdkx he _ knbj hr _kqd_cx gdkc nm sgd s_akd-
0/- A- Tmcn hmenql_shnm hr qdpthqdc enq hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx ats nmkx sn qnkk a_bj tmbnllhssdc
sq_mr_bshnmr _esdq sgd nmkhmd qdcn knfr qnkk enqv_qc- Sgd qdcn hr trdc enq qnkk enqv_qc+
_mc tmcn hr trdc sn qnkk a_bj tmbnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr-
01- C- Sgd Tmcn ?cuhrnq trdr sgd cdrhqdc shld odqhnc enq tmcn c_s_ qdsdmshnm _mc _m_kxydr
sgd hlo_bs ne sgd cdrhqdc tmcn qdsdmshnm rdsshmf-
02- C- Hm Nq_bkd+ knbjr mdudq aknbj qd_cdqr- Noshnm ? vntkc ad sqtd+ he hs chc mns hmbktcd
sgd vnqc ptdqhdr hm hs- Nmkx CLK rs_sdldmsr v_hs vgdm sgd s_akd hr knbjdc hm dwbktrhud
lncd- RDKDBS–ENQ TOC SD knbjr nmkx sgd qnvr qdstqmdc ax sgd RDKDBS bk_trd: hs cndr
mns knbj sgd s_akd- Sgd CCK^KNBJ^SHLDNTS o_q_ldsdq hr trdc sn rodbhex sgd mtladq ne
rdbnmcr sn v_hs vgdm CCK rs_sdldmsr nm knbjdc naidbsr _qd dwdbtsdc- Sgd KNBJ S AKD
rs_sdldms b_m hmbktcd sgd V HS bk_trd sn rodbhex sgd mtladq ne rdbnmcr sn v_hs sn
_bpthqd sgd knbj-
03- C- Adb_trd R_q_ chc mns odqenql sgd bnllhs tmshk 0/907+ sgd bg_mfdr rgd l_cd _qd mns
uhrhakd sn Ingm- Rn sgd ptdqhdr gd q_m _s 0/903 _mc 0/905 g_ud sgd r_ld qdrtks- Sgd ptdqx
_s 0/905 vhkk qd_c sgd tmcn rdfldms sn oqnctbd _ bnmrhrsdms ptdqx qdrtks- Sgd ptdqx
qtm _s 0/91/ vhkk g_ud r_k_qx 0// enq dloknxdd 1/5-
04- C- Vhsg sgd tmcn sdbgmnknfx+ Nq_bkd hr _akd sn g_ud qd_cdqr _bbdrr bnmrhrsdms c_s_+ hqqd,
rodbshud ne tmcdqkxhmf c_s_ lnchdc ctqhmf nq adenqd sgd rs_qs ne sgd ptdqx-
05- A- Fkna_k sdlonq_qx s_akdr _qd bqd_sdc hm sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bdr+ _mc vqhshmf sn sdl,
onq_qx s_akdro_bd cndr mns fdmdq_sd qdcn- Jddo hm lhmc sg_s dudm sghr nodq_shnm fdmdq,
_sdr tmcn+ _mc gdmbd xnt b_m _qftd sg_s qdcn hr fdmdq_sdc- Hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+
SDLO^TMCN^DM AKDC b_m ad rds sn SQTD sn g_ud sgd tmcn rdfldmsr _krn bqd_sdc hm sgd
sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bd: sgdqdenqd+ mn qdcn hr hmunkudc-
06- C- Noshnm B hr bnlokdsdkx vqnmf _mc hr tmqdk_sdc sn sgd RmZorgns Snn Nkc dqqnq- ?kk
nsgdq noshnmr _qd uh_akd a_rdc nm sgd rhst_shnm+ ats hmbqd_rhmf sgd s_akdro_bd rhyd hr sgd
adrs- Nmbd sgd s_akdro_bd hr hmbqd_rdc _mc hsr rhyd hr wdc+ Nq_bkd vhkk jddo sgd tmcn
tmshk hs mddcr sn dwohqd enq nsgdq sq_mr_bshnmr- Tmcn qdsdmshnm hr _ookhb_akd vgdm sgd
tmcn s_akdro_bd hr mns _ wdc rhyd ’_tsndwsdmrhakd(- Rnldshldr qtmmhmf sgd ptdqx _f_hm
hr _ rnktshnm+ drodbh_kkx he xnt mc nts sg_s sgd tmcdqkxhmf s_akd trdc ax L_qh_ v_r
toc_sdc _mc bnllhssdc ctqhmf sgd ptdqx dwdbtshnm+ b_trhmf sgd tmcn aknbjr sn dwohqd
adb_trd sgd c_s_a_rd v_r qd_kkx atrx vhsg l_mx sq_mr_bshnmr-
07- ?+ A- Ltkshokd _bshud sq_mr_bshnmr b_m vqhsd bnmbtqqdmskx sn sgd r_ld tmcn rdfldms
nq sn cheedqdms rdfldmsr- Ltkshokd _bshud sq_mr_bshnmr b_m vqhsd rhltks_mdntrkx sn sgd
r_ld btqqdms dwsdms nq sn cheedqdms btqqdms dwsdmsr hm sgd r_ld rdfldms- Vhsghm _m
tmcn dwsdms+ _ c_s_ aknbj bnms_hmr c_s_ enq nmkx nmd sq_mr_bshnm-
08- A- ? CCK rs_sdldms odqenqlr _m hlokhbhs bnllhs adenqd sgd rs_sdldms _mc dmcr sgd
sq_mr_bshnm- ?esdq sgd CCK+ hs cndr _m hlokhbhs bnllhs _f_hm: sgdqdenqd+ CCK b_m mdudq
qnkk a_bj- TOC SD hr CLK _mc cndr mns odqenql _ bnllhs- KSDQ RDRRHNM hr _ rdrrhnm,
bnmsqnk rs_sdldms+ _mc KSDQ RXRSDL hr _ rxrsdl,bnmsqnk rs_sdldms- Mdhsgdq ne sgdl
odqenql _m hlokhbhs bnllhs-
00 3 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
1/- C- Nq_bkd _tsnl_shb_kkx _bpthqdr sgd lhmhltl qdpthqdc knbj _ooqnoqh_sd enq sgd CLK
nodq_shnm- Cdudknodqr mddc mns _mc rgntkc mns knbj sgd qnvr- Sgdx rgntkc kds Nq_bkd
l_m_fd sgd knbjr- Vgdm _ qnv hm sgd s_akd hr knbjdc+ hs hr knbjdc hm dwbktrhud lncd+ _mc
sgd s_akd hr knbjdc hm rg_qdc lncd vgdqd nsgdq toc_sdr nm sgd s_akd nm cheedqdms qnvr
_qd onrrhakd- Vgdm svn rdrrhnmr toc_sd sgd qnv _s sgd r_ld shld+ nmd vhkk rtbbddc _mc
sgd nsgdq vhkk v_hs tmshk sgd qrs nmd bnllhsr nq qnkkr a_bj-
1- A- Adb_trd sgd cde_tks khrsdmdq m_ld hr KHRSDMDQ+ rhlokx dmsdq krmqbsk rsZqs- Sgd
m_ld KHRSDMDQ hr _rrtldc sn ad sgd khrsdmdq sn rs_qs hm sghr b_rd-
2- B- Vgdm rdquhbdr _qd cxm_lhb_kkx qdfhrsdqdc vhsg sgd khrsdmdq+ sgdhq hmenql_shnm hr mns
oqdrdms hm sgd khrsdmdq-nqZ kd-
4- A- Gnrs m_lhmf hr sxohb_kkx trdc hm rl_kk hmrs_kk_shnmr sg_s g_ud edv Nq_bkd c_s_a_rdr-
Sghr hr _m _ssq_bshud noshnm vgdm xnt v_ms sn lhmhlhyd bkhdms,rhcd bnmftq_shnm- SBO.HO
hr _ qdpthqdldms vgdm xnt trd gnrs m_lhmf-
6- A+ B- Rtookxhmf _ mds rdquhbd m_ld sg_s hr mns bnms_hmdc hm sgd smrmZldr-nqZ kd b_m
b_trd sghr dqqnq- Oqnakdlr vhsg sgd smrmZldr-nqZ kd b_m b_trd sghr dqqnq+ snn- Khrsdmdq
oqnakdlr vhkk mns b_trd sghr dqqnq-
7- C- Sgd GNRS onqshnm rodbhdr sgd m_ld ne sgd rdqudq sn bnms_bs- BNMMDBS^C S rodbhdr
sgd c_s_a_rd rdquhbd sn bnmmdbs sn- Sgd ONQS onqshnm rodbhdr sgd knb_shnm vgdqd sgd khr,
sdmdq hr khrsdmhmf nm sgd GNRS- Noshnm B+ RDQUHBD^M LD+ hr sgd m_ld ne sgd _bst_k c_s_,
a_rd rdquhbd-
Bg_osdq 019 Tmcdqrs_mchmf Nq_bkd Mdsvnqj ?qbghsdbstqd 00 4
8- ?+ C- Sgd bnqqdbs rxms_w sn trd vhsg sgd Nq_bkd D_rx Bnmmdbs ldsgnc vgdm xnt
_qd bnmmdbshmf sn _ mnm,TQK knb_shnm hr bnmmdbs trdqmZld.oZrrvnqc?gnrs9onqs.
rdquhbd^mZld- He sgd rdquhbd m_ld _mc sgd gnrs _qd hcdmshb_k+ xnt cn mns g_ud sn
hmbktcd sgd rdquhbd m_ld- He sgd onqs hr _mx onqs nsgdq sg_m sgd cde_tks onqs ne 0410+
hs ltrs ad rodbhdc- Adb_trd xnt v_ms sn bnmmdbs sn _ mnmcde_tks onqs vgdqd sgd
c_s_a_rd m_ld _mc sgd gnrsm_ld _qd sgd r_ld+ sgd adrs _mrvdq hr ?+ ats C hr
_krn bnqqdbs-
0/- A- Rg_qdc Rdqudq hr _ rb_k_ahkhsx noshnm ne Nq_bkd- Hs oqnuhcdr _ v_x sn hmbqd_rd sgd
mtladq ne rtoonqsdc trdq oqnbdrrdr vghkd qdctbhmf sgd nudq_kk ldlnqx tr_fd- Sghr
bnmftq_shnm hr vdkk rthsdc sn ghfg,unktld+ rl_kk,sq_mr_bshnm,nqhdmsdc rxrsdlr vhsg
l_mx trdqr bnmmdbsdc- Adb_trd trdqr rg_qd oqnbdrrdr+ sgd mtladq ne nudq_kk hckd oqn,
bdrrdr hr _krn qdctbdc- Hs hr mns vdkk rthsdc enq k_qfd c_s_,qdsqhdu_k,sxod _ookhb_shnmr
rtbg _r cdbhrhnm rtoonqs-
00- C- Trdqr b_m rshkk qdptdrs cdchb_sdc bnmmdbshnmr hm _ Rg_qdc Rdqudq bnmftq_shnm-
Adptd_sgdc _mc cdchb_sdc bnmmdbshnmr _qd nmd _mc sgd r_ld- Sgd c_s_a_rd b_mmns ad
rsnoodc nq rs_qsdc ax sgd CA? vgdm bnmmdbsdc nudq _ Rg_qdc Rdqudq bnmmdbshnm-
01- ?- ? trdq ltrs dwokhbhskx qdptdrs _ cdchb_sdc bnmmdbshnm vgdm _ rdqudq hr bnmftqdc hm
Rg_qdc Rdqudq lncd- Nsgdqvhrd+ sgd trdq fdsr _ Rg_qdc Rdqudq bnmmdbshnm- Sgd bnqqdbs
o_q_ldsdq hr &RDQUDQ<CDCHB SDC(-
02- B- Sgd Rg_qdc Rdqudq bnmftq_shnm o_q_ldsdqr dwhrs hm sgd hmhs-nqZ nq sgd ROEHKD kd
nm sgd Nq_bkd Rdqudq l_bghmd-
03- B- Nmbd _ chro_sbgdq qdbdhudr _ qdptdrs eqnl sgd trdq oqnbdrr+ hs ok_bdr sgd qdptdrs nm
sgd qdptdrs ptdtd- Qdldladq sg_s hm _ Rg_qdc Rdqudq dmuhqnmldms+ _ qdptdrs b_m ad
g_mckdc ax _ rg_qdc rdqudq oqnbdrr- Sghr hr l_cd onrrhakd ax ok_bhmf sgd qdptdrs _mc
trdq hmenql_shnm hm sgd RF?-
04- C- ? rl_kk OF? hr l_hms_hmdc dudm sgntfg lnrs ne sgd trdq,rodbhb hmenql_shnm hr
lnudc sn sgd RF? ’rodbhb_kkx b_kkdc sgd TF? hm sgd rg_qdc onnk nq sgd k_qfd onnk(-
Sgd nmkx hmenql_shnm kdes hm sgd qdctbdc OF? hr rs_bj ro_bd-
05- B- Qdptdrs ptdtdr qdrhcd hm sgd RF?+ _mc sgdqd hr nmd qdptdrs ptdtd odq hmrs_mbd- Sghr
hr vgdqd rg_qdc rdqudq oqnbdrrdr ohbj to qdptdrsr sg_s _qd l_cd ax trdqr- Chro_sbgdqr
g_ud sgdhq nvm qdronmrd ptdtdr+ ats sgdx rg_qd _ rhmfkd qdptdrs ptdtd-
06- B- Sgd KQDF oqnbdrr mnshdr sgd khrsdmdq _esdq _ bkhdms bnmmdbshnm hr drs_akhrgdc- Sghr
hr rn sg_s sgd khrsdmdq b_m jddo sq_bj ne sgd mtladq ne bnmmdbshnmr adhmf rdquhbdc ax
d_bg chro_sbgdq- Hm udqrhnmr oqhnq sn Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ sgd etmbshnmr ne KQDF vdqd
odqenqldc ax OLNM-
07- A- Cdchb_sdc rdqudq trdr rdrrhnm ldlnqx eqnl OF?- ? onnkdc rdqudq bnmmdbshnm hr
rhlhk_q sn cdchb_sdc rdqudq nmbd bnmmdbsdc: sgdqdenqd+ sgd ldlnqx hr bnlhmf eqnl OF?
_r vdkk- Enq _ rg_qdc rdqudq+ sgd rdqudq oqnbdrr hr rg_qdc: sgdqdenqd+ sgd qdptdrs _mc
qdronmrd hmenql_shnm ltrs ad jdos hm sgd RF?-
00 5 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
08- A- C_s_a_rd khmjr e_bhkhs_sd bnlltmhb_shnm adsvddm c_s_a_rdr- Trhmf _ c_s_a_rd khmj
_bbdrr rxms_w ’?cakhmj^mZld(+ c_s_ eqnl _ qdlnsd c_s_a_rd hr _u_hk_akd knb_kkx-
1/- A- Oqhu_sd c_s_a_rd khmjr _qd bqd_sdc tmcdq sgd trdq vgn dwdbtsdr sgd BQD SD C S A RD
KHMJ rs_sdldms- Xnt b_mmns bqd_sd _ c_s_a_rd khmj tmcdq _mnsgdq rbgdl_- ? khmj ax sgd
m_ld RBNSS-R KDR^KHMJ-AIR-BNL hr bqd_sdc tmcdq rbgdl_ LHJD- Xnt b_m trd sgd D_rx
Bnmmdbs rxms_w nq sgd Nq_bkd Mds bnmmdbs rxms_w+ nq xnt b_m qdrnkud sgd _kh_r m_ld ax
trhmf smrmZldr-nqZ hm sgd TRHMF bk_trd- Ctqhmf c_s_a_rd khmj bqd_shnm+ _ bnmmdbshnm hr
mns l_cd sn sgd s_qfds c_s_a_rd sn u_khc_sd sgd bnmmdbshnm nq bqdcdmsh_kr-
1- B- Sgd TCHS^SQ HK o_q_ldsdq vhsg sgd u_ktd CA+DWSDMCDC dm_akdr xnt sn b_ostqd
RPK rs_sdldmsr _mc ahmc u_qh_akdr hm _tchshmf- NR+DWSDMCDC hr mns _ u_khc u_ktd enq
TCHS^SQ HK-
2- ?- ?ksdqhmf _ s_akd hm _mnsgdq trdq&r rbgdl_ qdpthqdr dhsgdq sgd naidbs oqhuhkdfd KSDQ nm
sg_s naidbs nq sgd rxrsdl oqhuhkdfd KSDQ MX S AKD- Noshnm ? g_r sgd bnqqdbs rxms_w
enq fq_mshmf sgd naidbs oqhuhkdfd nm KSDQ fk-Zbbntmsr sn trdq cdrlnmc- Sgd Zksdq
sZakd oqhuhkdfd hm noshnm B hr hmu_khc- BQD SD S AKD hlokhbhskx fhudr sgd oqhuhkdfd sn _ksdq
_ s_akd- Nmd vntkc mddc sgd KSDQ MX S AKD oqhuhkdfd sn _ksdq _mnsgdq trdq&r s_akd-
3- C- Bnmedqqhmf sgd _ahkhsx sn etqsgdq fq_ms sgd oqhuhkdfd qdpthqdr sgd jdxvnqcr VHSG
CLHM NOSHNM enq rxrsdl nq qnkd oqhuhkdfdr nq sgd jdxvnqcr VHSG FQ MS NOSHNM enq
naidbs oqhuhkdfdr- Nmkx noshnm C g_r ansg sgd bnqqdbs rxms_w _mc sgd bnqqdbs jdxvnqcr-
Noshnm A vntkc ad bnqqdbs he VHSG FQ MS NOSHNM vdqd trdc- Noshnm B vntkc ad bnqqdbs
he VHSG CLHM NOSHNM vdqd trdc- Noshnm ? hr mns rxms_bshb_kkx bnqqdbs-
4- A- INGM vhkk ad _akd sn knf hm sn sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf RPK)Oktr+ _mc Nq_bkd vhkk oqnlos
enq mdv o_rrvnqc vgdm Ingm knfr hm sgd qrs shld- Adb_trd Ingm&r cde_tks s_akdro_bd
hr HMCDW/0+ sgd s_akdr _mc hmcdwdr bqd_sdc vhkk ad nm sgd HMCDW/0 s_akdro_bd he sgd
S AKDRO BD bk_trd hr nlhssdc- ?ksgntfg HMCDW/0 hr sgd cde_tks s_akdro_bd+ sn bqd_sd
naidbsr nm HMCDW/0 nq _mx nsgdq s_akdro_bd+ _ rodbhb ro_bd ptns_ mddcr sn ad cdmdc+
nq sgd trdq rgntkc g_ud sgd TMKHLHSDC S AKDRO BD rxrsdl oqhuhkdfd-
Bg_osdq 029 Hlokdldmshmf Rdbtqhsx _mc ?tchshmf 00 6
5- ?- Vgdm naidbs oqhuhkdfdr _qd fq_msdc sgqntfg _m hmsdqldch_qx+ sgdx _qd hlokhbhskx
cqnoodc vgdm sgd hmsdqldch_qx hr cqnoodc- B RB CD QDUNJD _mc MNB RB CD QDUNJD
_qd mns o_qs ne sgd FQ MS rs_sdldms rxms_w-
6- A- Vgdm rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr _qd fq_msdc sgqntfg _m hmsdqldch_qx+ sgdx _qd mns _eedbsdc
vgdm sgd hmsdqldch_qx hr cqnoodc- B RB CD QDUNJD _mc MNB RB CD QDUNJD _qd mns
o_qs ne sgd FQ MS rs_sdldms rxms_w-
7- C- Sgd BQD SD MX INA _mc BQD SD MX OQNBDCTQD rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr _kknv sgd
fq_msdd sn bqd_sd _mc qtm oqnfq_lr vhsg sgd oqhuhkdfdr ne _mnsgdq trdq- Sgd KSDQ
TRDQ oqhuhkdfd _kknvr sgd fq_msdd sn bg_mfd _ trdq&r o_rrvnqc+ bnmmdbs _r sg_s trdq+
_mc sgdm bg_mfd sgd o_rrvnqc a_bj- Sgdrd _qd _kk onvdqetk rxrsdl oqhuhkdfdr _mc
rgntkc ad qdrsqhbsdc sn _r edv _clhmhrsq_shud trdqr _r oq_bshb_k-
8- C- Sgd RDS QNKD rs_sdldms dm_akdr nq chr_akdr qnkdr hm sgd btqqdms rdrrhnm-
0/- A- Sn dm_akd _ o_rrvnqc,oqnsdbsdc qnkd+ xnt mddc sn dhsgdq dwdbtsd _ RDS QNKD rs_sd,
ldms rodbhexhmf sgd o_rrvnqc nq _ksdq sgd trdq sn l_jd sgd qnkd _ cde_tks qnkd- Cde_tks
qnkdr cn mns qdpthqd _ RDS QNKD rs_sdldms nq _ o_rrvnqc sn adbnld dm_akdc-
00- ?- Ax cde_tks+ trdq _bbntmsr g_ud mn ptns_ hm _mx s_akdro_bd- Adenqd _ trdq b_m bqd,
_sd _ s_akd nq _m hmcdw+ xnt mddc sn dhsgdq fhud sgd trdq _ ptns_ hm nmd nq lnqd rodbhb
s_akdro_bdr nq fq_ms sgd TMKHLHSDC S AKDRO BD rxrsdl oqhuhkdfd sn fhud _m tmkhlhsdc
ptns_ ’hmbktchmf _tsndwsdmcr( hm _kk s_akdro_bdr-
01- B- Oqnkdr khlhs sgd _lntms ne hckd shld+ BOT shld+ knfhb_k qd_cr+ nq nsgdq qdrntqbd,
nqhdmsdc rdrrhnm khlhsr- Noshnm B trdr sgd bnqqdbs rxms_w sn khlhs hckd shld enq _ rdrrhnm
sn 2/ lhmtsdr-
02- A- ?ksgntfg noshnm C bntkc _krn vnqj+ hs hmunkudr rsnqhmf sgd o_rrvnqcr hm _ s_akd hm sgd
c_s_a_rd+ vghbg bntkc ad _ rdbtqhsx bnmbdqm- Hs _krn s_jdr _ kns lnqd deenqs sn bnmf,
tqd _mc l_hms_hm- Sgd adssdq sdbgmhptd hr sn trd sgd rs_mc_qc c_s_a_rd oqnkd ed_stqdr
O RRVNQC^QDTRD^SHLD _mc O RRVNQC^QDTRD^L W- Rdsshmf nmd ne sgdrd oqnkd o_q_ldsdqr
sn TMKHLHSDC _mc sgd nsgdq sn _ rodbhb u_ktd oqdudmsr o_rrvnqcr eqnl adhmf qdtrdc- He
ansg ne sgdrd oqnkd o_q_ldsdqr _qd rds sn TMKHLHSDC+ sgdrd o_q_ldsdqr _qd drrdmsh_kkx
chr_akdc- Sgdqd hr mn hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdq b_kkdc MN^O RRVNQC^QDTRD-
03- A- Adb_trd GQ^PTDQX g_r sgd RDKDBS MX S AKD oqhuhkdfd+ mn nsgdq oqhuhkdfd hr qdpthqdc
sn ptdqx trdq s_akdr hm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sn _unhc sgd dqqnq+ GQ^PTDQX ltrs ad cdmdc _r
_ cde_tks qnkd enq Ingm+ nq Ingm rgntkc trd sgd RDS QNKD rs_sdldms- ? o_rrvnqc hr mns
mddcdc enq RDS QNKD adb_trd sgd qnkd hr mns o_rrvnqc oqnsdbsdc-
04- B- Hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ trdq o_rrvnqcr _qd b_rd rdmrhshud- Sgd trdqm_ld hr mns b_rd
rdmrhshud he xnt chc mns dmbknrd hs hm cntakd ptnsdr-
05- ?- Xnt khlhs sgd mtladq ne e_hkdc knfnm _ssdlosr vhsg _ oqnkd-
00 7 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
06- B- Vgdm _ ro_bd ptns_ hr dwbddcdc nq _ ptns_ hr qdlnudc eqnl _ trdq nm _ s_akdro_bd+
sgd s_akdr qdl_hm hm sgd s_akdro_bd+ ats mn mdv dwsdmsr b_m ad _kknb_sdc- Mdv qnvr b_m
ad hmrdqsdc hmsn sgd s_akd _r knmf _r sgd s_akd cndr mns qdpthqd Nq_bkd sn _kknb_sd _ mdv
dwsdms hm sgd s_akd-
07- A- Ehmd,fq_hmdc _tchshmf hr l_m_fdc trhmf sgd CALR^EF o_bj_fd- Sgd TCHS _mc
MN TCHS rs_sdldmsr _qd trdc sn l_m_fd rs_sdldms+ oqhuhkdfd+ _mc naidbs _tchshmf- Sgd
FQ MS _mc QDUNJD rs_sdldmsr _qd trdc sn l_m_fd rxrsdl+ naidbs+ _mc qnkd oqhuhkdfdr-
EF? bnlokhldmsr Tmhdc ?tchshmf ax dm_akhmf _tchs bnmchshnmr sn ad _rrnbh_sdc
vhsg rodbhb bnktlmr-
08- B- Sgd TCHS^ CLHM qnkd hr qdpthqdc sn l_m_fd Tmhdc ?tchshmf hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b-
Sghr qnkd hr fq_msdc sn RXR _mc RXRSDL- ?m _tchs onkhbx b_m ad bqd_sdc trhmf sgd TCHS
MX oqhuhkdfd+ ats mns nsgdq _clhmhrsq_shud _bshnmr- CA _mc RXRCA qnkdr _qd mns
qdpthqdc+ sgntfg sgnrd oqhuhkdfdr vnqj-
1/- A- ?tchs qdbnqcr _qd vqhssdm sn _ qd_c,nmkx s_akd nvmdc ax TCRXR trdq- Sgd uhdv
TMHEHDC^ TCHS^SQ HK rgnvr sgd _tchs sq_hk qdbnqcr-
1- C- Rdsshmf RS SHRSHBR^KDUDK < A RHB chr_akdr sgd bnkkdbshnm _mc _m_kxrhr ne ?VQ
rs_shrshbr- SXOHB K hr sgd cde_tks rdsshmf+ _mc KK f_sgdqr hmenql_shnm enq sgd dwdbtshnm
ok_m _mc nodq_shmf,rxrsdl shlhmf- NEE hr mns _ u_khc u_ktd enq sghr o_q_ldsdq-
3- A+ B- Vgdm sgd VNQJ QD ^RHYD^ONKHBX hr rds sn TSN+ vnqj _qd_r trdc ax ldlnqx,
hmsdmrhud nodq_shnmr _qd rhydc _tsnl_shb_kkx+ a_rdc nm sgd OF? ldlnqx trdc ax sgd
rxrsdl+ _mc sgd s_qfds OF? ldlnqx rds hm OF ^ FFQDF SD^S QFDS- Vgdm VNQJ QD ^
RHYD^ONKHBX hr rds sn L MT K+ sgd )^ QD ^RHYD o_q_ldsdqr mddc sn ad bnmftqdc
l_mt_kkx-
Bg_osdq 039 L_hms_hmhmf sgd C_s_a_rd _mc L_m_fhmf Odqenql_mbd 00 8
4- B- Xnt b_m trd sgd RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq sn cdsdqlhmd he sgdqd hr _ adssdq noshlhydq ok_m
_mc trd RPK ?bbdrr ?cuhrnq sn cdsdqlhmd he bqd_shmf _m hmcdw nq l_sdqh_khydc uhdv
vntkc hloqnud odqenql_mbd- Sgdrd snnkr snfdsgdq b_m ad trdc sn cdsdqlhmd vgdsgdq
H.N b_m ad lhmhlhydc _mc nudq_kk CA Shld qdctbdc sn sgd s_qfdsdc RPK rs_sdldms-
5- B- Sgd knf ateedq b_mmns ad cxm_lhb_kkx qdrhydc nmbd sgd hmrs_mbd hr rs_qsdc- Sgdqd hr
q_qdkx _ mddc sn cxm_lhb_kkx _citrs sgd qdcn knf ateedq- ?kk nsgdq bnlonmdmsr hm sgd
RF? b_m ad cxm_lhb_kkx lnchdc-
6- A- Sgd CALR^RS SR-RDS^S AKD^OQDER oqnbdctqd hr trdc sn rds sgd OTAKHRG oqdedqdmbd sn
E KRD- Sn ad _akd sn trd sgd odmchmf rs_shrshbr+ sgd NOSHLHYDQ^TRD^ODMCHMF^RS SHRSHBR
o_q_ldsdq ltrs ad rds sn SQTD hm sgd rdrrhnm-
8- B- Sgd Ldlnqx ?cuhrnq b_m gdko cdsdqlhmd vgdsgdq nq mns sgd nudq_kk rhyd ne sgd RF?
hr _ooqnoqh_sd _mc vgdsgdq nq mns ldlnqx hr oqnodqkx _kknb_sdc sn sgd RF? bnlonmdmsr-
0/- A- Rdsshmf RS SHRSHBR^KDUDK sn A RHB chr_akdr ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx _mc Rg_qdc Ldl,
nqx L_m_fdldms _r vdkk _r sgd ldlnqx _cuhrnqr- BNMSQNK^L M FDLDMS^O BJ^ BBDRR
rodbhdr vghbg ne sgd Rdqudq L_m_fd_ahkhsx O_bjr hr _bshud hm sgd Dmsdqoqhrd Dchshnm ne
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b- LDLNQX^S QFDS dm_akdr ?tsnl_shb Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms+ ats hs
cndr mns chr_akd Rg_qdc Ldlnqx L_m_fdldms nq sgd ldlnqx _cuhrnqr-
01- B- Xnt b_m rodbhex ansg v_qmhmf _mc bqhshb_k sgqdrgnkcr enq lnmhsnqhmf sgd _u_hk_akd
eqdd ro_bd hm _ s_akdro_bd- Hm sghr rhst_shnm+ sgd v_qmhmf sgqdrgnkc hr fdmdq_kkx _ knvdq
mtladq sg_m sgd bqhshb_k sgqdrgnkc-
02- A- Adb_trd l_mx sq_mr_bshnm_k rxrsdlr qtm a_sbg oqnbdrrhmf ctqhmf nee,gntqr+ g_uhmf
_ qdkdu_ms a_rdkhmd enq d_bg sxod ne tr_fd o_ssdqm xhdkcr adssdq qdrtksr hm sdqlr ne _kdqsr
_mc ?CCL qdbnlldmc_shnmr-
04- A- LDLNQX^S QFDS qdoqdrdmsr sgd sns_k rhyd _kknb_sdc enq RF? _mc OF? bnlonmdmsr-
Sgd l_whltl sg_s b_m ad _kknb_sdc enq sgdrd rsqtbstqdr hr cdsdqlhmdc ax sgd LDLNQX^
L W^S QFDS o_q_ldsdq- Xnt rshkk b_m rds sgd RF ^S QFDS _mc OF ^ FFQDF SD^S QFDS
o_q_ldsdqr: Nq_bkd vhkk trd sgdrd _r sgd lhmhltlr-
07- ?- Ax cde_tks+ c_s_a_rd rs_shrshbr _qd qds_hmdc hm sgd ?VQ enq dhfgs c_xr- Xnt b_m bg_mfd
sgd cde_tks ctq_shnm trhmf sgd DL C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk ?tsnl_shb Vnqjkn_c Qdonrhsnqx
khmj nm sgd Odqenql_mbd s_a nq trhmf sgd CALR^VNQJKN C^QDONRHSNQX OK.RPK o_bj_fd-
08- A- Sgd Odqenql_mbd s_a ne DL C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk oqnuhcdr _ pthbj nudquhdv ne gnv sgd
gnrs rxrsdl+ trdq rdrrhnmr+ _mc sgqntfgots _qd hlo_bsdc ax sgd rxrsdl rknvcnvm- Xnt b_m
_krn cqhkk cnvm hmsn _mx ne sgdrd sgqdd _qd_r sn s_jd _ knnj _s cds_hkr _ants sghr rknvcnvm-
1/- ?- Qtmmhmf sgd RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq oqnuhcdr sgd lnrs hmenql_shnm _ants gnv sgd
odqenql_mbd ne sghr RPK rs_sdldms lhfgs ad hloqnudc- Sgd RPK ?bbdrr ?cuhrnq hr
qtm nmkx _esdq sgd ntsots eqnl sgd RPK Stmhmf ?cuhrnq hmchb_sdr sg_s hs vhkk ad trd,
etk- DL C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk cndr mns rsnqd cds_hkdc hmenql_shnm _ants H.N _bshuhsx hm
hsr _kdqsr mnq hm sgd _kdqs knf-
1- B- Hm QBGHUDKNF lncd+ qdbnudqhmf sgd c_s_a_rd hr onrrhakd to sn sgd k_rs BNLLHS rs_sd,
ldms: hm nsgdq vnqcr+ mn bnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr _qd knrs hm QBGHUDKNF lncd-
Bg_osdq 049 Trhmf A_bjto _mc Qdbnudqx 0000
2- ?- Hl_fd bnohdr _qd ctokhb_sd c_s_ _mc knf kdr hm NR enql_s- A_bjto rdsr _qd ahm_qx
bnloqdrrdc kdr hm Nq_bkd oqnoqhds_qx enql_s- Hm _cchshnm sn rsnqhmf ltkshokd c_s_ kdr
hm _ rhmfkd ntsots kd+ a_bjto rdsr cn mns bnms_hm tmtrdc aknbjr-
3- A- ?ksgntfg hs hr qdbnlldmcdc sg_s xnt ltkshokdw xntq nmkhmd qdcn knf kdr+ hs hr mns
qdpthqdc sn dm_akd QBGHUDKNF lncd ne sgd c_s_a_rd-
4- C- Ctqhmf _m nmkhmd a_bjto+ dudm he _kk c_s_ kdr _qd a_bjdc to _s sgd r_ld shld+ sgdx
_qd q_qdkx+ he dudq+ hm rxmb vhsg sgd bnmsqnk kd-
5- ?- Sgd sq_bd a_bjto hr bqd_sdc hm _ rtachqdbsnqx tmcdq sgd knb_shnm rodbhdc ax sgd
CH FMNRSHB^CDRS o_q_ldsdq…#CH FMNRSHB^CDRS.chZf.;camZld=.;hmrsZmbdmZld=.
sqZbd chqdbsnqx-
6- ?- Sgd hmrs_mbd m_ld hr mns hm sgd bnmsqnk kd- Sgd bnmsqnk kd g_r hmenql_shnm _ants
sgd ogxrhb_k c_s_a_rd rsqtbstqd-
7- A- Vgdm _cchmf knf,kd ldladqr+ rodbhex sgd fqnto mtladq nq rodbhex _kk sgd dwhrshmf
fqnto ldladqr-
8- ?- Sn ots sgd c_s_a_rd hmsn QBGHUDKNF lncd+ sgd c_s_a_rd ltrs ad hm sgd LNTMS rs_sd:
sgd bnmsqnk kdr _mc _kk c_s_ kdr sg_s _qd mns nehmd ltrs ad _u_hk_akd sn bg_mfd sgd
c_s_a_rd sn QBGHUDKNF lncd-
0/- A+ B+ C- Sgd rtarshstshnm u_qh_akd $c+ vghbg qdoqdrdmsr sgd c_s_a_rd HC+ hr qdpthqdc
nmkx he ltkshokd c_s_a_rdr rg_qd sgd r_ld _qbghud knf cdrshm_shnm-
00- B- Sgd o_q_ldsdq E RS^RS QS^LSSQ^S QFDS rodbhdr sgd cdrhqdc shld+ hm rdbnmcr+
sn qdbnudq _ rhmfkd hmrs_mbd eqnl _ bq_rg nq hmrs_mbd e_hktqd- Sgd o_q_ldsdqr KNF^
BGDBJONHMS^SHLDNTS _mc E RS^RS QS^HN^S QFDS b_m rshkk ad trdc hm Nq_bkd 01b ats
rgntkc ad trdc nmkx snfdsgdq vhsg _m _cu_mbdc,stmhmf rbdm_qhn nq enq bnlo_shahkhsx
vhsg nkcdq udqrhnmr ne Nq_bkd- LSSQ^S QFDS^ CUHBD _mc E RS^RS QS^S QFDS^LSSQ
_qd mns u_khc hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr-
01- A- Sgd hmrs_mbd ltrs ad rgts cnvm+ he hs hr mns _kqd_cx cnvm+ sn qdo_hq nq qdok_bd sgd
lhrrhmf nq c_l_fdc bnmsqnk kd-
02- A+ B- Ldch_ e_hktqd+ ogxrhb_k bnqqtoshnm+ knfhb_k bnqqtoshnm+ _mc lhrrhmf c_s_ kdr _kk
b_m ad hcdmshdc ax sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq+ vghbg _krn oqnuhcdr qdbnlldmc_shnmr
enq qdo_hq-
03- A+ D- He _ s_akdro_bd hr s_jdm nehmd adb_trd _ c_s_ kd hr lhrrhmf+ sgd hmrs_mbd b_m
rshkk ad rs_qsdc _r knmf _r sgd lhrrhmf c_s_ kd cndr mns adknmf sn sgd RXRSDL nq TMCN
s_akdro_bd-
04- ?- He _ mdsvnqj b_qc e_hkr+ sgd e_hktqd sxod hr mdsvnqj: sgd _bst_k ldch_ bnms_hmhmf sgd
c_s_a_rd kdr _qd mns _eedbsdc-
0001 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
05- A- Sgd C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b Qdkd_rd 0 cndr mns rtoonqs
Q?B c_s_a_rdr- Hs hr hmsdfq_sdc vhsg DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk _mc vhsg QL?M- BG MFD
E HKTQD _mc nsgdq bnll_mcr b_m ad dwdbtsdc trhmf QL?M- Sgd CUHRD E HKTQD
bnll_mc ltrs ad qtm adenqd xnt b_m odqenql QDO HQ E HKTQD-
06- A- Hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx+ _krn jmnvm _r bq_rg qdbnudqx+ nbbtqr vgdm sgd CA? _ssdlosr sn
nodm sgd c_s_a_rd ats sgd kdr vdqd mns rxmbgqnmhydc sn sgd r_ld RBM vgdm sgd c_s_,
a_rd v_r rgts cnvm- Nmbd sgd CA? hrrtdr sgd RS QSTO bnll_mc+ Nq_bkd trdr hmenql_,
shnm hm sgd qdcn knf kdr sn qdrsnqd sgd c_s_ kdr ’hmbktchmf sgd tmcn s_akdro_bd&r c_s_
kdr( sn sgd rs_sd adenqd sgd hmrs_mbd e_hktqd- Nq_bkd sgdm trdr tmcn c_s_ hm sgd tmcn
s_akdro_bd _esdq sgd c_s_a_rd g_r addm nodmdc _mc l_cd _u_hk_akd sn trdqr sn qnkk a_bj
tmbnllhssdc sq_mr_bshnmr-
07- C- Sgd LSSQ ?cuhrnq b_m sdkk sgd CA? sgd lnrs deedbshud u_ktd enq sgd E RS^RS QS^
LSSQ^S QFDS o_q_ldsdq- Sghr o_q_ldsdq rodbhdr sgd l_whltl shld qdpthqdc hm rdb,
nmcr sn odqenql hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx-
08- A- Sgd knrr ne nmd nq lnqd ne _ s_akdro_bd&r c_s_ kdr cndr mns oqdudms nsgdq trdqr eqnl
cnhmf sgdhq vnqj hm nsgdq s_akdro_bdr- Qdbnudqhmf sgd _eedbsdc c_s_ kdr b_m bnmshmtd
vghkd sgd c_s_a_rd hr rshkk nmkhmd _mc _u_hk_akd-
1/- C- ?kk bnohdr ne sgd bnmsqnk kdr+ _r cdmdc hm sgd rokd nq sgd hmhs-nqZ kd+ ltrs ad
hcdmshb_k _mc _u_hk_akd- He nmd ne sgd qdcn knf,kd fqntor hr lhrrhmf _ ldladq+ _ v_qm,
hmf hr qdbnqcdc hm sgd _kdqs knf+ ats hmrs_mbd rs_qsto rshkk oqnbddcr- He sgd hmrs_mbd v_r
oqduhntrkx rgts cnvm vhsg RGTSCNVM ANQS+ hmrs_mbd qdbnudqx _tsnl_shb_kkx nbbtqr
ctqhmf rs_qsto- Nmkx _m rokd nq _m hmhs-nqZ kd hr mddcdc sn dmsdq sgd MNLNTMS rs_sd+
mns ansg- He _ s_akdro_bd hr nehmd+ sgd rs_str ne hsr c_s_ kdr hr mns bgdbjdc tmshk _m
_ssdlos hr l_cd sn aqhmf hs nmkhmd: sgdqdenqd+ hs vhkk mns oqdudms hmrs_mbd rs_qsto-
1- D- ?kk ne sgd noshnmr _qd sqtd+ _mc sgd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq b_m cn ltbg lnqd sg_m sghr-
2- A- ? hr sqtd+ ats tmkdrr rnld mddcr g_ud ghfgdq oqhnqhshdr sg_m nsgdqr+ sgdqd lhfgs ad hkk
deedbsr- Ansg B _mc C _qd bnqqdbs+ ats sgdx g_ud e_q kdrr hlo_bs nudq_kk sg_m bnmsqnkkhmf
_mc _kknb_shmf sgd BOT bxbkdr sn sgd u_qhntr s_rjr hm _ c_s_a_rd-
3- A+ C- Vhsg qdrodbs sn ?+ _anqshmf _ rdrrhnm g_r mnsghmf sn cn vhsg _qbghud knfr _mc
_qbghud knf ro_bd dwg_trshnm- Enq B+ sq_mr_bshnmr b_mmns ad bnmsqnkkdc ats rdrrhnmr
Bg_osdq 059 Bnmsqnkkhmf Qdrntqbdr _mc Inar 0002
b_m- Rn _ rdrrhnm b_m ad _anqsdc+ ats hs b_m _krn g_ud hsr _kknb_shnm ne BOT btqs_hkdc sn
qdctbd nudqgd_c ax lnuhmf sgd rdrrhnm sn _ bnmrtldq fqnto vhsg kdrr BOT bxbkdr-
4- B- Qdrntqbdr _qd _kknb_sdc sn ok_m chqdbshudr+ vghbg _qd _rrhfmdc sn ok_mr _mc rtaok_mr+
_mc fqntodc vhsg bnmrtldqr ne sgnrd ok_m chqdbshudr hmsn qdrntqbd bnmrtldq fqntor-
6- ?+ A- Ok_mr _mc rtaok_mr bnms_hm sgd cds_hkr ne gnv qdrntqbdr _qd _kknb_sdc- Bnmrtldq
fqntor rhlokx fqnto snfdsgdq sgd bnmrtldqr sg_s vhkk bnmrtld sgd cds_hkr ne sgd ok_mr-
7- D- D hr bnqqdbs adb_trd sgd sns_k ltrs _cc to sn 0// odqbdms+ vgdqd sgd bnmrtldq fqnto
b_m g_ud _ l_whltl ne 0/ odqbdms-
8- C- ?kk sgqdd ne sgdrd rdsshmfr _qd trdetk enq bnmsqnkkhmf o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrhmf- Sgd cdfqdd
ne o_q_kkdkhrl b_m ad trdc sn dwdbtsd ptdqhdr _mc rnld CLK rs_sdldmsr ltbg e_rsdq-
Vgdm _ o_q_kkdk oqnbdrr hr rs_qsdc+ hs rs_qsr to ltkshokd o_q_kkdk rdqudqr sn g_mckd sgd
rdo_q_sd o_q_kkdk dwdbtsdc sgqd_cr- O_q_kkdk ptdtd shldntsr enqbd o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrdr sn
_anqs _ khsskd rnnmdq- ?kk ne sgdrd rdsshmfr vhkk gdko sn oqdudms nudqyd_kntr o_q_kkdk oqn,
bdrrhmf eqnl adbnlhmf nts ne bnmsqnk o_q_kkdk oqnbdrrhmf+ vghbg b_m rv_lo _mc cq_rsh,
b_kkx rknv c_s_a_rd odqenql_mbd-
0/- C- Dhfgs ghdq_qbghb_k k_xdqr ne BOT tshkhy_shnm b_m ad rds enq _ ltkshokd kdudk ghdq_qbgx
ne ok_mr+ rtaok_mr+ _mc bnmrtldq fqntor-
00- A- INA^PTDTD^OQNBDRRDR cdsdqlhmdr sgd mtladq ne rk_ud oqnbdrrdr _u_hk_akd enq sgd
rbgdctkdc inar sn qtm- CALR^INA _mc Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq rg_qd sgd r_ld ina bnnqchm_snq
_mc ina rk_udr- Sgd cde_tks u_ktd enq sghr o_q_ldsdq hr 0+///- Rdsshmf INA^PTDTD^OQNBDRR
sn / vhkk chr_akd Nq_bkd Rbgdctkdq _mc CALR^INA-
04- C- Sgd BQD SD^RHLOKD^OK M _kknvr _ rhmfkd BOT odqbdms_fd _kknb_shnm sn ad rds enq
d_bg ne dhfgs bnmrtldq fqntor+ _mc hs nmkx bqd_sdr _ rhmfkd ok_m _s nmbd-
07- C- ? BNLOKDSD ina vhkk mns qtm _f_hm- A _mc B _qd mnmrdmrd- ? ina sg_s vhkk qtm _f_hm
vhkk ad qdod_s_akd _s _ rbgdctkdc hmsdqu_k _mc vhkk+ sgdqdenqd+ ad qdrbgdctkdc sn qtm
_f_hm- RBGDCTKDC ld_mr hs vhkk qtm _f_hm-
0003 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
08- ?- ? ina b_m ad dwdbtsdc nmbd trhmf sgd BQD SD^INA oqnbdctqd- Sn dwdbtsd _ ina lnqd
sg_m nmbd+ _ rbgdctkd g_r sn ad bqd_sdc trhmf sgd BQD SD^RBGDCTKD oqnbdctqd sn bnm,
ftqd sgd qdodshshnm-
1/- ?- Sgd rbgdctkdq lds_c_s_ uhdvr _qd m_ldc CA?$RBGDC$- Noshnm B hr o_qsh_kkx
bnqqdbs _r sgd ptdqx vhkk rgnv sgd lds_c_s_ uhdvr qdk_sdc sn sgd rbgdctkdc inar nmkx-
1- A- Sgd sdqlhm_k qdkd_rd ne Nq_bkd 0/f Q1 hr 0/-1-/-4- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b rtoonqsr _
chqdbs tofq_cd eqnl sgd udqrhnmr 0/-1-/-4+ 00-0-/-6+ 00-1-/-1+ _mc ghfgdq-
2- B+ C- CAT? g_r _m noshnm sn a_bj to sgd c_s_a_rd oqhnq sn sgd tofq_cd- Hs&r to sn xnt
sn a_bj to sgd c_s_a_rd _esdq sgd tofq_cd hr bnlokdsdc- Sgdqd hr mn noshnm sn chr_akd
_qbghuhmf ctqhmf sgd tofq_cd- Hm e_bs+ Nq_bkd dmbntq_fdr xnt sn qtm sgd c_s_a_rd hm
QBGHUDKNF lncd vhsg _rga_bj nm+ _mc CAT? b_m bqd_sd _ ft_q_msddc qdrsnqd onhms
_r _ a_bjto ldsgnc ctqhmf sgd tofq_cd-
3- A- Sgd qrs rsdo hr sn qtm sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm tshkhsx oqdtofqc-rpk- Vgdm xnt
_qd qd_cx sn tofq_cd+ rs_qs sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf RS QSTO TOFQ CD- Sgd bZsbsk-ok rbqhos
odqenqlr sgd c_s_a_rd tofq_cd _mc rgtsr cnvm sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgdm rs_qs to sgd c_s_a_rd
_mc odqenql tskt010r-rpk-
4- A+ C- Sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm tshkhsx cndr mns l_jd _mx bg_mfdr sn sgd c_s_a_rd-
Sgd tshkhsx bqd_sdr _ w,to rbqhos sg_s b_m ad trdc sn l_jd sqhuh_k bg_mfdr sn sgd c_s_,
a_rd- Mns _kk hrrtdr b_m ad wdc ax sgd w,to rbqhos: sgdqdenqd+ noshnm ? hr mns bnqqdbs-
Sgd snnk hr bnloqhrdc ne oqdtofqc-rpk _mc tsktoojf-rpk rbqhosr+ rn xnt mddc sn bnox
ansg rbqhosr-
5- ?+ C- RS QSTO TOFQ CD hr sgd nmkx v_x xnt b_m aqhmf to _m hmrs_mbd oqhnq sn tofq_chmf
sgd c_s_a_rd- Xnt rshkk mddc sn tofq_cd sgd c_s_a_rd trhmf sgd tofq_cd rbqhosr _esdq rs_qs,
hmf to sgd c_s_a_rd- Sghr hr mns itrs enq cnbtldms_shnm: hs cheedqr eqnl RS QSTO MNQL K-
Bg_osdq 069 Tofq_chmf sn Nq_bkd®C_s_a_rd 01b 0004
6- A- CAT? odqenqlr _ qdrsnqd eqnl sgd a_bjto hs bqd_sdc oqhnq sn sgd tofq_cd: hs qdrsnqdr
sgd c_s_a_rd kdr _mc bnmftq_shnm kdr eqnl sgd a_bjto knb_shnm- Enq sghr+ xnt rgntkc
bgnnrd sgd Trd QL?M a_bjto noshnm nq sgd Trd Ek_rga_bj _mc Ft_q_msddc Qdrsnqd
Onhms noshnm hm sgd Qdbnudqx Noshnmr rbqddm ’Ehftqd 06-8(-
7- D- Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b g_r _ udqx rhlokhdc tofq_cd oqnbdrr sg_s cdsdqlhmdr _kk sgd
bnlonmdmsr ne sgd c_s_a_rd sn ad tofq_cdc _mc _tsnl_shb_kkx tofq_cdr sgdl- Nq_bkd
trdr CALR^QDFHRSQX sn hcdmshex sgd bnlonmdmsr sn ad tofq_cdc-
0/- ?- Sgd lhmhltl BNLO SHAKD u_ktd enq Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b hr 00-/-/- Adb_trd sgd
u_ktd hr mns rds hm sgd o_q_ldsdq kd+ sgd cde_tks u_ktd enq sgd udqrhnm ne sgd c_s_a_rd hr
00-0-/- He xnt jddo sgd o_q_ldsdq sgd r_ld udqrhnm _r sgd tofq_cdc c_s_a_rd+ xnt vhkk
g_ud sgd noonqstmhsx sn cnvmfq_cd sgd c_s_a_rd he rnldsghmf fndr vqnmf _esdq sgd
tofq_cd: sgdqdenqd+ sgd adrs noshnm hr sn jddo sgd u_ktd _s 00-0-/-6 ctqhmf sgd tofq_cd-
Noshnm B _mc C _qd u_khc u_ktdr+ ats xnt vntkc knrd sgd cnvmfq_cd noonqstmhsx- Sgd
cde_tks u_ktd ne sgd o_q_ldsdq hr 01-/-/ he xnt cn mns rodbhex sgd o_q_ldsdq dwokhbhskx-
00- B- Sgd C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs.Hlonqs ldsgnc bnohdr c_s_ eqnl sgd rntqbd c_s_a_rd sn
_m _kqd_cx,bqd_sdc Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd- ?r sgd s_akdr _mc hmcdwdr _qd mdvkx
bqd_sdc _mc c_s_ qnvr _qd hmrdqsdc+ sgdqd vhkk ad mn eq_fldms_shnm ne ro_bd hm sgd mdv
c_s_a_rd- Sgd Sq_mronqs C_s_a_rd noshnm hr _u_hk_akd enq c_s_a_rdr 00-1-/-2 nq ghfgdq+
ats hs cndr mns cdeq_fldms s_akdr-
01- A- Sgd c_s_a_rd ltrs ad qtmmhmf eqnl sgd nqhfhm_k Nq_bkd c_s_a_rd gnld- Sgd Oqd,
Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm snnk cndr mns l_jd _mx bg_mfdr sn sgd c_s_a_rd nq hlo_bs sgd
_ookhb_shnm trhmf sgd c_s_a_rd- Sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm rbqhosr ’oqdtofqc-rpk _mc
tsktoojf-rpk( l_x ad bnohdc sn _mnsgdq chqdbsnqx+ _mc xnt b_m qtm oqdtofqc-rpk sn
hmunjd sgd snnk-
02- ?- He #NQ BKD^A RD hr cdmdc+ sgd fdmdq_sdc rbqhosr _mc knf kdr _qd r_udc hm sgd
#NQ BKD^A RD.befsnnkknfr.ca^tmhptd^mZld.oqdtofqZcd chqdbsnqx- He #NQ BKD^A RD
hr mns cdmdc+ sgdm sgd fdmdq_sdc rbqhosr _mc knf kdr _qd bqd_sdc hm #NQ BKD^GNLD.
befsnnkknfr.ca^tmhptd^mZld.oqdtofqZcd-
03- B- CAT? b_m lhfq_sd+ bnox+ _mc bnmftqd sgd khrsdmdq hm sgd mdv 01b Nq_bkd gnld+
cdodmchmf nm sgd bgnhbdr xnt l_jd hm sgd Mdsvnqj Bnmftq_shnm rbqddm ne CAT?
’Ehftqd 06-7(- Hs vhkk _krn qdfhrsdq sgd c_s_a_rd vhsg sgd khrsdmdq ax rdsshmf sgd KNB K^
KHRSDMDQ o_q_ldsdq-
04- C- CAT? s_jdr b_qd ne lnrs ne sgd s_rjr enq CA? ctqhmf sgd tofq_cd+ hmbktchmf qtmmhmf
sgd Oqd,Tofq_cd Hmenql_shnm snnk+ odqenqlhmf sgd tofq_cd+ bnmftqhmf sgd mdsvnqj+
0005 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
odqenqlhmf _ a_bjto ne sgd c_s_a_rd adenqd tofq_cd+ qdbnlohkhmf hmu_khcr+ _cchmf sgd
c_s_a_rd sn nqZsZa+ dsb- Hs _krn oqnuhcdr _ cds_hkdc tofq_cd oqnfqdrr qdonqs vhsg sgd
oqnctbs bnlonmdms adhmf tofq_cdc _mc sgd tofq_cd og_rd- He CAT? hcdmshdr sg_s
sgdqd hr _ ro_bd cdbhdmbx hm sgd s_akdro_bdr nq hm sgd e_rs qdbnudqx _qd_+ xnt ltrs w hs
l_mt_kkx ntsrhcd CAT?-
05- A- Sgd Etkk Sq_mronqs_akd Dwonqs.Hlonqs noshnm hr _u_hk_akd enq c_s_a_rd udqrhnmr _s nq
ghfgdq sg_m 00-1-/-2-
07- ?- Sgd oqdcdmdc Tmhdc ?tchshmf onkhbhdr _qd chr_akdc _esdq _ c_s_a_rd tofq_cd…
ansg l_mt_k _mc CAT?- ?esdq sgd tofq_cd+ sgd oqd,01b _tchs bnmftq_shnm hr l_hm,
s_hmdc+ _mc qdbnqcr _qd vqhssdm sn sgd TC# s_akd- Xnt b_m dm_akd Tmhdc ?tchshmf
onkhbhdr _mc bqd_sd mdv onkhbhdr _knmf vhsg oqd,01b _tchs bnmftq_shnm ’lhwdc,lncd(-
Sgd svn sxodr ne _tchsr vqhsd hmenql_shnm sn cheedqdms s_akdr- Enq odqenql_mbd qd_rnmr+
Nq_bkd qdbnlldmcr sg_s xnt rvhsbg sn Tmhdc ?tchshmf Nmkx lncd ax qdkhmjhmf sgd
nqZbkd dwdbts_akd vhsg tmhZtc^nm noshnm-
08- ?+ A- G_uhmf btqqdms chbshnm_qx rs_shrshbr gdkor sgd c_s_a_rd tofq_cd- Sgd tofq_cd
cndr mns sntbg nq trd sgd _ookhb_shnm s_akdr: gdmbd+ sgdqd hr mn mddc sn qtm etkk c_s_,
a_rd rs_shrshbr- Hm Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b+ sgd DL C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk hr qdok_bdc vhsg
DL C_s_a_rd Dwoqdrr- Ctqhmf sgd tofq_cd+ DL C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk hr cqnoodc- Sghr
rsdo b_m ad bnlokdsdc oqhnq sn rs_qshmf sgd tofq_cd hm nqcdq sn r_ud tofq_cd shld-
QDBXBKD^AHM ltrs ad otqfdc adenqd sgd tofq_cd hr odqenqldc-
1/- A- Adb_trd sgd c_s_a_rd hr rl_kk+ dwonqshmf _mc hlonqshmf sn _m dwhrshmf nq mdvkx bqd_sdc
Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b c_s_a_rd hr e_rsdq _mc bkd_mdq-
1- A+ C- Nq_bkd C_s_ Otlo hr jmnvm sn udqrhnmr 0/f _mc mdvdq: Nq_bkd8h cndr mns rto,
onqs C_s_ Otlo- ?ksgntfg C_s_ Otlo b_m odqenql c_s_ _bbdrr trhmf sgd chqdbs,o_sg
Bg_osdq 079 Trhmf Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd _mc C_s_ Lnudldms Snnkr 0006
nq dwsdqm_k,s_akd ldsgnc+ C_s_ Otlo l_jdr sgd cdbhrhnm _tsnl_shb_kkx: sgd CA? b_m,
mns rodbhex sgd c_s_,_bbdrr ldsgnc- C_s_ Otlo _krn rtoonqsr mdsvnqj lncd sn hlonqs
chqdbskx eqnl sgd rntqbd c_s_a_rd _mc b_m drshl_sd sgd ro_bd qdpthqdldmsr enq sgd
ctlo kd-
2- C- Sgd l_rsdq s_akd hr sgd gd_qs ne sgd C_s_ Otlo nodq_shnm _mc hr l_hms_hmdc hm sgd
rbgdl_ ne sgd ina bqd_snq- Hs ad_qr sgd m_ld ne sgd ina+ bnms_hmr nmd qnv enq d_bg naidbs
_mc d_bg nodq_shnm+ _mc jddor rs_str- Trhmf sghr hmenql_shnm gdkor qdrs_qs _ e_hkdc ina nq
rtrodmc _mc qdrtld _ ina- Sgd l_rsdq s_akd hr vqhssdm sn sgd ctlo kd _r sgd k_rs rsdo ne
sgd dwonqs _mc hr kn_cdc sn sgd rbgdl_ ne sgd trdq _r sgd qrs rsdo ne sgd hlonqs-
3- B- He _ chqdbsnqx naidbs hr bqd_sdc vhsg sgd m_ld C S ^OTLO^CHQ+ sgd oqhuhkdfdc trdqr b_m
trd sghr knb_shnm _r sgd cde_tks knb_shnm enq C_s_ Otlo kdr- Oqhuhkdfdc trdqr _qd trdqr
vhsg DWO^ETKK^C S A RD nq HLO^ETKK^C S A RD qnkdr- Trhmf $T hm sgd kdm_ld fdmdq_sdr
ltkshokd kdr enq o_q_kkdk tmkn_cr+ vhsg d_bg o_q_kkdk oqnbdrr vqhshmf sn nmd kd-
4- C- Sgd SS BG o_q_ldsdq kdsr xnt _ss_bg nq bnmmdbs sn _m dwhrshmf C_s_ Otlo ina _mc
ok_bdr xnt hm hmsdq_bshud lncd- SS BG vhsgnts _mx o_q_ldsdqr _ss_bgdr sn sgd btqqdmskx
qtmmhmf ina+ he sgdqd hr nmkx nmd ina eqnl sgd trdq- Nsgdqvhrd+ xnt ltrs rodbhex sgd ina
m_ld vgdm trhmf sgd SS BG o_q_ldsdq-
5- A- He sgd BNMSDMS o_q_ldsdq hr mns rodbhdc+ ansg c_s_ _mc lds_c_s_ vhkk ad tmkn_cdc-
Sgd u_khc u_ktdr enq BNMSDMS _qd LDS C S ^NMKX+ C S ^NMKX+ _mc KK- He RBNSS hr odq,
enqlhmf sgd dwonqs+ RBGDL R<RBNSS hr noshnm_k-
6- ?- QDL O^C S EHKD bg_mfdr sgd m_ld ne sgd rntqbd c_s_ kd sn sgd s_qfds c_s_ kdm_ld
hm _kk CCK rs_sdldmsr vgdqd sgd rntqbd c_s_ kd hr qdedqdmbdc- QDL O^RBGDL kn_cr
_kk naidbsr eqnl sgd rntqbd rbgdl_ hmsn sgd cdrshm_shnm rbgdl_- Vgdm trhmf QDL O^
S AKDRO BD+ _kk naidbsr rdkdbsdc enq hlonqs vhsg odqrhrsdms c_s_ hm sgd rntqbd s_akdro_bd
_qd qdl_oodc sn ad bqd_sdc hm sgd cdrshm_shnm s_akdro_bd- QDL O^S AKD bg_mfdr sgd
m_ld ne sgd s_akd- Adb_trd sgd ctlo kd hr hm WLK enql_s+ C_s_ Otlo b_m l_jd sgdrd
sq_mrenql_shnmr d_rhkx- QDL O^HMCDW hr _m hmu_khc o_q_ldsdq-
7- B- Xnt b_m rodbhex sgd EK RGA BJ^SHLD nq EK RGA BJ^RBM o_q_ldsdq nmkx vgdm odq,
enqlhmf _ mdsvnqj hlonqs vgdqd sgd rntqbd hr _ c_s_a_rd-
0/- A- Dwsdqm_k s_akdr b_m ad trdc sn qd_c ?RBHH _s kdr vhsgnts kn_chmf sgdl hmsn sgd
c_s_a_rd- Sgd dwsdqm_k s_akd ltrs ad bqd_sdc vhsg sgd NQ BKD^KN CDQ _bbdrr cqhudq-
00- D- Vghkd sgd chqdbs o_sg kn_c hr hm oqnfqdrr+ trdqr b_mmns qtm _mx CLK rs_sdldmsr
_f_hmrs sgd s_akd- Nmkx ptdqhdr _qd _kknvdc-
01- ?+ A- He xnt cn mns v_ms sn bqd_sd _ chrj fqnto ctqhmf sgd FH hmrs_kk+ xnt ltrs bgnnrd sgd
Rnesv_qd Nmkx hmrs_kk noshnm- Nmkx nmd chrj fqnto b_m ad bqd_sdc ctqhmf sgd FH hmrs_kk-
?cchshnm_k chrj fqntor b_m ad bqd_sdc _esdq sgd hmrs_kk_shnm trhmf ?RLB? nq RPK)Oktr-
0007 ?oodmchw ? ?mrvdqr sn Qduhdv Ptdrshnmr
?ksgntfg vd qdbnlldmc sg_s xnt g_ud lnqd sg_m nmd chrj hm d_bg chrj fqnto+ hs hr mns
l_mc_snqx- FH hmrs_kk bnmftqdr sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd _mc trdr sgd chrj fqnto bqd_sdc ctq,
hmf sgd hmrs_kk sn r_ud sgd o_q_ldsdq kd _mc o_rrvnqc kd ne ?RL hmrs_mbd-
02- B- Sgd rl_kkdrs tmhs ne rsnq_fd hm _m ?RL chrj fqnto hr sgd _kknb_shnm tmhs- Nq_bkd
C_s_a_rd 01b odqlhsr rhydr ne 0+ 1+ 3+ 7+ 05+ 21+ nq 53LA- Sgd _kknb_shnm tmhs hr
sgd rhyd ne sgd aknbjr _kknb_sdc sn _ c_s_ kd- Sgd ?T ltrs ad rl_kk dmntfg sn jddo
gns ronsr eqnl nbbtqqhmf _mc k_qfd dmntfg enq debhdms rdptdmsh_k qd_cr- 0LA hr sgd
cde_tks+ _mc 3LA ?T hr qdbnlldmcdc enq lnrs c_s_a_rdr-
03- A- Xnt ltrs ad bnmmdbsdc sn sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd vhsg sgd RXR RL oqhuhkdfd sn rs_qs _mc
rsno sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd-
04- C- Rdqudq bnmsqnk hr trdc sn rs_qs _mc rsno _kk Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs bnlonmdmsr hmbktchmf
?RL+ khrsdmdq+ _mc c_s_a_rd-
05- B- ? MNQL?K qdctmc_mbx chrj fqnto qdpthqdr svn e_hk fqntor+ _mc _ GHFG qdctm,
c_mbx chrj fqnto qdpthqdr sgqdd e_hk fqntor-
06- A- Noshnm ? hr _m hmu_khc rs_sdldms- Sgd chrj o_sg b_m ad trdc nmkx vgdm _cchmf _
chrj: vgdm cqnoohmf _ chrj sgd chrj m_ld ltrs ad oqnuhcdc- Noshnm B hr trhmf _ chrj
o_sg vhsg sgd cqno bk_trd _mc hr hmu_khc- Noshnm C hr rxms_bshb_kkx bnqqdbs+ ats xnt b_m,
mns cqno _kk chrjr eqnl _ chrj fqnto- ? chrj fqnto ltrs g_ud _s kd_rs nmd chrj-
07- A+ B- Sgd qda_k_mbd roddc _s _m hmrs_mbd kdudk hr _citrsdc trhmf sgd RL^ONVDQ^KHLHS
o_q_ldsdq- Qda_k_mbd onvdq b_m ad _citrsdc trhmf sgd KSDQ CHRJFQNTO rs_sdldms _r
vdkk- Sgd ghfgdq sgd onvdq khlhs+ sgd lnqd pthbjkx _ qda_k_mbd nodq_shnm b_m bnlokdsd-
Ghfgdq onvdq u_ktdr bnmrtld lnqd H.N qdrntqbdr+ vghbg bntkc hlo_bs c_s_a_rd odq,
enql_mbd- Qda_k_mbhmf s_jdr knmfdq vhsg knvdq onvdq u_ktdr+ ats hs bnmrtldr edvdq
oqnbdrrhmf _mc H.N qdrntqbdr-
08- D- ?kk ne sgd snnkr khrsdc hm noshnmr ? sn C b_m ad trdc sn rs_qs _m ?RL hmrs_mbd- Xnt g_ud
sn dwokhbhskx oqnuhcd rs_qs bnll_mcr hm rpkoktr+ Zrlblc+ _mc rqubsk+ ats he ZrlbZ mcr
sg_s sgd ?RL hmrs_mbd hr mns rs_qsdc+ hs fdsr bnmql_shnm eqnl xnt _mc rs_qsr sgd hmrs_mbd-
1/- ?- Sgd Rdqudq Bnmsqnk tshkhsx ’rqubsk( hr trdc sn qdfhrsdq _ bnlonmdms ctqhmf _m Nq_bkd
Qdrs_qs- Sgd Zcc bnll_mc hr trdc sn qdfhrsdq _ bnlonmdms- Sgd bnmehf bnll_mc
rgnvr sgd bnmftq_shnm hmenql_shnm- Sgd rsZqs bnll_mc rs_qsr sgd bnlonmdms _esdq
hs hr qdfhrsdqdc- Sgd qdfhrsdq bnll_mc hr mns u_khc-
9oodmchv ?ants sgd ?cchshnmZk
A
Rstcx Snnkr
Hm Sghr ?oodmchw9
?cchshnm_k rstcx snnkr
Rxrsdl qdpthqdldmsr
Trhmf sgd rstcx snnkr
Sqntakdrgnnshmf
Sqntakdrgnnshmf 0010
?cnad Qd_cdq
Vd&ud _krn hmbktcdc _ bnox ne ?cnad Qd_cdq rn xnt b_m uhdv OCE kdr sg_s _bbnlo_mx sgd
annj&r bnmsdms- Enq lnqd hmenql_shnm nm ?cnad Qd_cdq nq sn bgdbj enq _ mdvdq udqrhnm+
uhrhs ?cnad&r vdarhsd _s vvv-Zcnad-bnl.oqnctbsr.qdZcdq.-
Rxrsdl Qdpthqdldmsr
L_jd rtqd xntq bnlotsdq lddsr sgd lhmhltl rxrsdl qdpthqdldmsr rgnvm hm sgd enkknvhmf
khrs- He xntq bnlotsdq cndrm&s ldds sgdrd qdpthqdldmsr+ xnt l_x g_ud oqnakdlr trhmf sgd
rnesv_qd _mc kdr- Enq sgd k_sdrs _mc fqd_sdrs hmenql_shnm+ okd_rd qdedq sn sgd Qd_cLd kd
knb_sdc hm sgd cnvmkn_c-
? OB qtmmhmf Lhbqnrnes Vhmcnvr WO nq mdvdq
?m Hmsdqmds bnmmdbshnm
Sqntakdrgnnshmf
Vhkdx g_r _ssdlosdc sn oqnuhcd oqnfq_lr sg_s vnqj nm lnrs bnlotsdqr vhsg sgd lhmhltl
rxrsdl qdpthqdldmsr- He _ oqnfq_l cndr mns vnqj oqnodqkx+ sgd svn khjdkhdrs oqnakdlr _qd
sg_s xnt cnm&s g_ud dmntfg ldlnqx ’Q?L( enq sgd oqnfq_lr xnt v_ms sn trd nq xnt g_ud
nsgdq oqnfq_lr qtmmhmf sg_s _qd _eedbshmf sgd hmrs_kk_shnm nq qtmmhmf ne _ oqnfq_l- He xnt
fds _m dqqnq ldrr_fd rtbg _r 'Mns dmntfg ldlnqx– nq 'Rdsto b_mmns bnmshmtd+– sqx nmd nq
lnqd ne sgd enkknvhmf rtffdrshnmr _mc sgdm sqx trhmf sgd rnesv_qd _f_hm9
Stqm nee _mx _mshuhqtr rnesv_qd qtmmhmf nm xntq bnlotsdq- Hmrs_kk_shnm oqnfq_lr rnld,
shldr lhlhb uhqtr _bshuhsx _mc l_x l_jd xntq bnlotsdq hmbnqqdbskx adkhdud sg_s hs&r adhmf
hmedbsdc ax _ uhqtr-
0011 ?oodmchw A ?ants sgd ?cchshnm_k Rstcx Snnkr
Bknrd _kk qtmmhmf oqnfq_lr- Sgd lnqd oqnfq_lr xnt g_ud qtmmhmf+ sgd kdrr ldlnqx hr
_u_hk_akd sn nsgdq oqnfq_lr- Hmrs_kk_shnm oqnfq_lr sxohb_kkx toc_sd kdr _mc oqnfq_lr+ rn
he xnt jddo nsgdq oqnfq_lr qtmmhmf+ hmrs_kk_shnm l_x mns vnqj oqnodqkx-
G_ud xntq knb_k bnlotsdq rsnqd _cc lnqd Q:L sn xntq bnlotsdq- Sghr hr+ _clhssdckx+ _
cq_rshb _mc rnldvg_s dwodmrhud rsdo- Gnvdudq+ _cchmf lnqd ldlnqx b_m qd_kkx gdko sgd
roddc ne xntq bnlotsdq _mc _kknv lnqd oqnfq_lr sn qtm _s sgd r_ld shld-
Btrsnldq B_qd
He xnt g_ud sqntakd vhsg sgd annj&r bnlo_mhnm rstcx snnkr+ okd_rd b_kk sgd Vhkdx
Oqnctbs Sdbgmhb_k Rtoonqs ognmd mtladq _s ’7//( 651,1863+ nq dl_hk sgdl _s gsso9..
rxadw-btrsgdko-bnl.-
Hmcdw
Mnsd sn sgd Qd_cdq9 Sgqntfgnts sghr hmcdw ankce_bdc o_fd mtladqr hmchb_sd oqhl_qx chrbtrrhnmr
ne _ snohb- Hs_khbhydc o_fd mtladqr hmchb_sd hkktrsq_shnmr-
Bnnqchm_sdc Tmhudqr_k Shld ’TSB(+ 220 BQD?SD RDPTDMBD rs_sdldms+ 213+ 235
bnoxhmf ehkdr hm hmrs_kk_shnm+ 335z336 BQD?SD^RHLOKD^OK?M rs_sdldms+ 805z806
bnqonq_shnm o_rrvnqcr+ 606z607 BQD?SD RL?KKEHKD rs_sdldms+ 406
BNQQ etmbshnm+ 083 BQD?SD^RM?ORGNS rs_sdldms+ 667
bnqqdk_sdc rtaptdqhdr+ 141+ 147z148 BQD?SD S?AKD ?R RDKDBS rs_sdldms+
BNR etmbshnm+ 001 238“24/+ 851
BNRG etmbshnm+ 001 Bqd_sd S_akd ch_knf+ 25/“250+ 25/z250
bnrs,a_rdc noshlhydq ’BAN(+ 644 BQD?SD S?AKD rs_sdldms+ 227z228
BNTMS etmbshnm+ 065“066+ 075 bnmrsq_hmsr+ 251“252
BNU?Q^ONO etmbshnm+ 084 dwsdqm_k s_akdr+ 0/35“0/37
BNU?Q^R?LO etmbshnm+ 084z085 BQD?SD S?AKDRO?BD rs_sdldms+ 405“408
BOT^ODQ^B?KK qdrntqbd+ 601 BQD?SD S?AKDRO?BD ?OOK^C?S? rs_sdldms+
BOT^ODQ^RDRRHNM qdrntqbd+ 601 407“408+ 411+ 424
BOT qdrntqbdr+ _kknb_shmf+ 8/7+ 80/ BQD?SD S?AKDRO?BD C?S?EHKD rs_sdldms+
bq_rg qdbnudqx+ 76/ 431+ 0/56
Bqd_sd _ C_s_a_rd noshnm+ 337“338 Bqd_sd S_akdro_bd rbqddm+ 437“44/+ 437z438
Bqd_sd _ Mdv Ft_q_msddc Qdrsnqd Onhms BQD?SD SDLONQ?QX S?AKDRO?BD
noshnm+ 870 rs_sdldms+ 414
Bqd_sd _ Mdv Neekhmd QL?M A_bjto noshnm+ 87/ BQD?SD TMCN S?AKDRO?BD rs_sdldms+
Bqd_sd ?mc Bnmehftqd ? C_s_a_rd noshnm+ 331 415“416
Bqd_sd ?r Bnms_hmdq C_s_a_rd noshnm+ 337 BQD?SD TRDQ rs_sdldms+ 567“568
Bqd_sd ?RL Chrj Fqnto rbqddm+ 0/44+ 0/45 oqnehkdr+ 573
BQD?SD ?TCHS ONKHBX rs_sdldms+ 625“628 ptns_r+ 572
BQD?SD^A?RDKHMD rs_sdldms+ 67/ s_akdro_bdr+ 570
BQD?SD AHFEHKD rs_sdldms+ 406 BQD?SD TRDQ HCDMSHEHDC AX rs_sdldms+ 568
BQD?SD^B?OSTQD rs_sdldms+ 6/7 BQD?SD TRDQ HCDMSHEHDC DWSDQM?KKX
BQD?SD^BG?HM rs_sdldms+ 833 rs_sdldms+ 57/
BQD?SD^BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO rs_sdldms+ BQD?SD TRDQ HCDMSHEHDC FKNA?KKX
808z81/ rs_sdldms+ 570
BQD?SD^BQDCDMSH?K rs_sdldms+ 836“837 bqd_sdchrj noshnm+ 0/43
BQD?SD^C?S?A?RD^CDRSHM?SHNM Bqd_shnm Lncd rbqddm+ 337
rs_sdldms+ 836 Bqd_shnm Noshnmr rbqddm+ 356z357+ 356
BQD?SD C?S?A?RD KHMJ rs_sdldms+ 556 BQD?SHUD^OK?M^CHQDBSHUD oqnbdctqd+
Bqd_sd C_s_a_rd noshnm+ 337+ 356 810z812
BQD?SD C?S?A?RD rs_sdldms bqdcdmsh_kr+ c_s_a_rd+ 342z343+ 343
Nq_bkd L_m_fdc Ehkdr+ 43/ Bqdcdmsh_kr naidbs hm Rbgdctkdq+ 823
qdcn knf ehkdr+ 722“723+ 725 Bqhshb_k _kdqs kdudk+ 7//
s_akdro_bdr+ 405 bqnrr inhmr+ 13/
sdlonq_qx s_akdro_bdr+ 414 bqnrr,oqnsnbnk bnmmdbshuhsx+ 50/
Bqd_sd C_s_a_rd Vhsg Cde_tks Bnmehftq_shnm Bqnrrbgdbj noshnm+ 752
rbqddm+ 337 Bqnrrbgdbj ?kk noshnm+ 752
BQD?SD CHQDBSNQX rs_sdldms+ 0/01 bqrbsk ’Bktrsdq Qd_c Rdquhbdr Bnmsqnk( tshkhsx+
BQD?SD CHRJFQNTO rs_sdldms+ 0/51“0/52 0/63z0/65
BQD?SD^DWSDMCDC^RS?SR rs_sdldms+ 66/ BS?R rxms_w+ 238
BQD?SD^FQNTO rs_sdldms+ 83/“830+ 837 BSVQ oqnbdrr+ 3/5
BQD?SD^INA rs_sdldms+ 826z827 BTAD lnchehdq+ 1/7“1/8+ 100z104
BQD?SD^INA^BK?RR rs_sdldms+ 828z83/ BTLD^CHRS etmbshnm+ 085z086
Bqd_sd Ina rbqddm+ 831+ 831z832 btltk_shud chrsqhatshnmr+ 085z086
BQD?SD NQ QDOK?BD ETMBSHNM BTQQDMS^C?SD etmbshnm+ 013
rs_sdldms+ 606 btqqdms^khrsdmdq bnll_mc+ 521
BQD?SD^ODMCHMF^?QD? rs_sdldms+ 807 BTQQDMS knf ehkd rs_str+ 307
BQD?SD^OK?M rs_sdldms+ 810 btqqdms knf ehkdr+ 723
Bqd_sd Oqdrdqudc Rm_orgns rbqddm+ 671+ 671 btqqdms rdrrhnm+ qdsqhduhmf+ 60“61
BQD?SD OQNEHKD rs_sdldms+ 600“603 Btqqdms s_a+ 374
BQD?SD OTAKHB C?S?A?RD KHMJ BTQQDMS^SHLDRS?LO etmbshnm+ 013z014
rs_sdldms+ 556 btrsnl rbqhosr+ 35/z350+ 350
BQD?SD QNKD rs_sdldms+ 6/0+ 6/2 Btrsnl RPK Rbqhosr s_a+ 868
BQD?SD^RBGDCTKD rs_sdldms+ 824 Btrsnlhyd Rsnq_fd rbqddm+ 357z361+ 357
C bncd hm mtladq bnmudqrhnmr fl C?S?A?RD KHMJ rs_sdldms 0020
hlonqsr
C chr_akhmf knffhmf+ 0/14z0/15
DL C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk+ 0/24z0/26+ 0/25
C bncd hm mtladq bnmudqrhnmr+ 034
hloco+ 0/1/z0/10
c_s_ aknbjr
o_q_ldsdqr+ 0/10z0/12
bnmsdmsr+ 403z404+ 404
sq_mrenql_shnmr+ 0/13z0/14
rsnq_fd bg_q_bsdqhrshbr+ 404z405
ina l_m_fdldms+ 0/18z0/21
c_s_ bnmbtqqdmbx
kn_chmf dwsdqm_k s_akdr+ 0/35z0/37
knbjr enq+ 474z476
knb_shnm rdsto+ 0/01z0/03+ 0/03
bnmekhbsr+ 48/z483+ 480z482
nudquhdv+ 0//6z0//8
lncdr+ 477z48/
oqnbdrrdr+ 0/0/z0/00
l_m_fhmf+ 473z474
C_s_ Otlo Hlonqs9 Qd,l_oohmf rbqddm+ 0/24+ 0/25
c_s_ bnmrhrsdmbx+ 2/3z2/4
C_s_ Qdbnudqx ?cuhrnq ’CQ?(+ 684
C_s_ Bnmsqnk K_mft_fd ’CBK( rs_sdldmsr+ 46/
mnm,rxrsdl,bqhshb_k c_s_ ehkd qdbnudqx+
C_s_ Cdehmhshnm K_mft_fd ’CCK( rs_sdldmsr+ 46/
776z781+ 776z777
cdrbqhoshnm+ 26
rxrsdl,bqhshb_k c_s_ ehkd qdbnudqx+ 782
knbj v_hsr+ 48/
vnqjhmf vhsg+ 772z773+ 772z773
s_akdro_bdr+ 423
C_s_ Qdc_bshnm ed_stqd+ 500
c_s_ chbshnm_qx
c_s_ uhrhahkhsx+ 2/3z2/5
b_bgdr+ 3/1
C_s_ V_qdgntrd sdlok_sd+ 338
oqnsdbshmf+ 6/4
c_s_a_rd+ NTH- Rdd Nq_bkd Tmhudqr_k
rsnq_fd rsqtbstqdr+ 312z313
Hmrs_kkdq ’NTH(
uhdvr+ 365z368+ 366+ 70/z700
c_s_a_rd,_tsgdmshb_sdc _bbntmsr+ 568
c_s_ ehkdr+ 300+ 424
C_s_a_rd Bnlonmdmsr rdbshnm enq sdlok_sd
hm Ek_rg Qdbnudqx ?qd_+ 734
cdehmhshnmr+ 340
hmenql_shnm _ants+ 433z436
C_s_a_rd Bnmehftq_shnm ?rrhrs_ms ’CAB?(
lnuhmf+ 43/
bnmehftq_shnm rdsshmfr+ 361
nmkhmd _mc neekhmd+ 425
bqd_shnm noshnmr+ 356z357+ 356
Nq_bkd L_m_fdc Ehkdr+ 428z432
bqdcdmsh_k rdsshmfr+ 342z343+ 343
nudquhdv+ 401z403+ 402
c_s_a_rd cdkdshnmr+ 361z362
qdm_lhmf+ 425z427
cdrbqhoshnm+ 336
rhyd+ 424z425
dw_l drrdmsh_kr+ 4/3z4/4
RPK)Kn_cdq+ 0/3/
hcdmshehb_shnm rdsshmfr+ 341z342+ 341
s_akdro_bdr+ 304z305+ 305
hmhsh_khy_shnm o_q_ldsdqr+ 351z356+ 355
sdlok_sd cdehmhshnmr+ 340
hmunjhmf+ 336z338+ 337
C_s_ Ft_qc+ 851
l_m_fdldms noshnmr+ 342+ 342
C_s_ L_mhotk_shnm K_mft_fd rs_sdldmsr- Rdd
mdsvnqj rdsshmfr+ 343+ 344
CLK ’C_s_ L_mhotk_shnm K_mft_fd(
mdv c_s_a_rdr+ 28/+ 331
rs_sdldmsr
Noshnmr rdsshmfr+ 347z348+ 347+ 35/
C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs9 Noshnmr rbqddm+ 0/22+ 0/23
qduhdv ptdrshnmr+ 4/5z4/8
C_s_ Otlo Dwonqs9 Qduhdv rbqddm+ 0/22+ 0/24
r_lokd rbgdl_r _mc btrsnl rbqhosr+
C_s_ Otlo e_bhkhsx+ 850“852
35/z350+ 350
_bbdrr ldsgncr+ 0/00z0/01
rsnq_fd knb_shnmr+ 344z347
_qbghsdbstqd+ 0//8+ 0//8
rsnq_fd noshnmr+ 344+ 357z361+ 357z360
bkhdmsr+ 0/01
rtll_qx+ 4/2z4/3
bnlonmdmsr+ 0/0/
sdlok_sd cdehmhshnmr
c_s_ _mc lds_c_s_ ehksdqr+ 0/16z0/18
bqd_shmf+ 363z364+ 363
cdrbqhoshnm+ 0//5+ 0//6
cdkdshmf+ 364
DL Bkntc Bnmsqnk+ 0/22z0/27+ 0/22z0/25
oqdcdehmdc+ 338z341+ 34/z340
dwonqs _mc hlonqs lncdr+ 0/03z0/05
C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk- Rdd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq
dwonqsr
C_s_a_rd Bnmsqnk snnk
dwoco+ 0/05z0/06
C_s_a_rd Bqdcdmsh_kr rbqddm+ 342“343+ 343
etkk sq_mronqs_akd+ 0/26z0/28
C?S?A?RD^DWONQS^NAIDBSR uhdv+ 0/17
o_q_ldsdqr+ 0/07z0/1/
C_s_a_rd Hcdmshehb_shnm rbqddm+ 341“342+ 341
vnqjhmf vhsg+ 0/22z0/23+ 0/22z0/24
c_s_a_rd hmrs_mbdr hm Nq_bkd Qdrs_qs+ 0/61z0/62
ehmd,fq_hmdc naidbs rdkdbshnm+ 0/21
C?S?A?RD KHMJ rs_sdldms+ 610
0021 c_s_a_rd l_hmsdm_mbd fl CAZBQD?SDZNMKHMDZKNFZCDRS o_q_ldsdq
nbbto_msr+ 734
RPK bnll_mcr+ 735 F
EK?RGA?BJ ?MX S?AKD oqhuhkdfd+ 6//
F bncd hm mtladq bnmudqrhnmr+ 034
Ek_rga_bj C_s_ ?qbghud oqnbdrr+ 3/4
F?SGDQ^ oqnbdctqdr+ 647“648
EK?RGA?BJ C?S?A?RD bnll_mc+ 736
F_sgdq Chbshnm_qx Rs_shrshbr ina+ 877
ek_rga_bj ed_stqdr
F_sgdq Noshlhydq Rs_shrshbr rbqddm+ 650“651+
cqno+ 765z767
650z651
knfr+ 300+ 734
F_sgdq Noshlhydq Rs_shrshbr s_rj+ 662
ptdqhdr+ 762z764
F?SGDQ^S?AKD^RS?SR oqnbdctqd+ 66/
s_akd+ 767z768
Fdmdq_k Otqonrd nq Sq_mr_bshnm Oqnbdrrhmf
sq_mr_bshnmr+ 77/
sdlok_sd+ 338“34/
tmcn l_m_fdldms+ 47/
Fdmdq_sd C_s_a_rd Bqd_shnm Rbqhosr noshnm+ 356
EK?RGA?BJ NM.NEE bk_trd+ 413
FDMDQ?SD^QDRTKS oqnbdctqd+ 6/7
Ek_rga_bj Ptdqx ed_stqd+ 77/
FDMDQ?SDC jdxvnqc+ 234“236
EK?RGA?BJ^RBM o_q_ldsdq+ 0/15
FDS^RBGDCTKDQ^?SSQHATSD oqnbdctqd+
EK?RGA?BJ S?AKD rs_sdldms+ 765“768
824z825
EK?RGA?BJ^SHLD o_q_ldsdq+ 0/15
FDS^SGQDRGNKC oqnbdctqd+ 7//
EKN?S c_s_sxod+ 22/
fdsdmu bnll_mc hm rqubsk+ 0/62
ekn_shmf,onhms khsdq_kr+ 34
Fdsshmf Rs_qsdc vhsg C_s_a_rd Qdrntqbd L_m_fdq
EKNNQ etmbshnm+ 002
rbqddm+ 8/6+ 8/6
EL bncd hm mtladq bnmudqrhnmr+ 035
FKNA?K^CAM?LD o_q_ldsdq+ 513+ 528
ENQ CQNO bk_trd+ 425
Fkna_k Rs_shrshbr F_sgdqhmf Noshnmr rbqddm+
ENQ QDBNUDQ noshnm+ 418
651+ 652
ENQ TOC?SD bk_trd+ 2/4
fkna_k sdlonq_qx s_akdr ’FSSr(+ 21/+ 23/z230
ENQBD KNFFHMF bk_trd+ 412
fkna_kkx _tsgdmshb_sdc trdqr+ 570
ENQBD lncd+ 381
Fnkcdm F_sd+ 851
enqdhfm jdx bnmrsq_hmsr+ 254z255
FQ?MS ?MX NAIDBS OQHUHKDFD oqhuhkdfd+ 588
enqdhfm jdxr+ 7+ 275
FQ?MS ?MX OQHUHKDFD oqhuhkdfd+ 588
enql_sr enq c_sdr+ 008z01/+ 354
FQ?MS ?MX QNKD oqhuhkdfd+ 584+ 588
EQ? ’e_rs qdbnudqx _qd_(+ 346
FQ?MS BQD?SD RDRRHNM rs_sdldms+ 572
eqdd ateedqr+ 288
FQ?MS OQNBDCTQD rs_sdldms+ 610
eqdd ro_bd
FQ?MS RBGDCTKDQ^?CLHM rs_sdldms+ 820
c_s_ aknbjr+ 403
FQ?MS RDPTDMBD rs_sdldms+ 610
chbshnm_qx uhdvr enq+ 151z155
FQ?MS rs_sdldms+ 58/“581+ 588“6/0
qdpthqdldmsr+ 323
FQ?MS^RVHSBG^BNMRTLDQ^FQNTO
s_akdro_bdr+ 440z443+ 441z443
oqnbdctqd+ 800+ 804
Eqnl _m Dwhrshmf C_s_a_rd ’Rsqtbstqd ?r Vdkk ?r
FQ?MS^RXRSDL^OQHUHKDFD oqnbdctqd+ 800
C_s_( noshnm+ 364
FQ?MS S?AKD rs_sdldms+ 610
Eqnl _m Dwhrshmf C_s_a_rd ’Rsqtbstqd Nmkx(
fq_mshmf oqhuhkdfdr+ 576z577+ 58/z581+ 580+
noshnm+ 364
588z6/0+ 6//
Eqnl _m Dwhrshmf Sdlok_sd noshnm+ 363
FQ?MTK?QHSX o_q_ldsdq+ 653
EQNL bk_trd
fq_mtkdr+ 287
CDKDSD+ 183
fqd_sdq sg_m nodq_snqr+ 42z43
ltkshokd,s_akd ptdqhdr+ 117
fqd_sdq sg_m rhfmr ’=(
RDKDBS+ 35“36+ 40
hmdpt_khsx nodq_snq+ 41
EQNL^SY etmbshnm+ 015z016
lnqd sg_m nodq_snqr+ 42“43
etkk a_bjtor
FQD?SDRS etmbshnm+ 046z047
bqd_shmf+ 746z750+ 747+ 75/z750
fqddm,rbqddm _ookhb_shnmr+ 5/4
cdrbqhoshnm+ 737“738
Fqddmvhbg ld_m shld+ 220
etkk ntsdq inhmr+ 133z134
Fqhc Hmeq_rsqtbstqd ’FH(
etkk sq_mronqs_akd dwonqsr+ 0/26z0/28
?RL rsnq_fd+ 0/5/z0/56+ 0/51
etmbshnmr+ 212
dw_l drrdmsh_kr+ 0/66
fqnto- Rdd _ffqdf_sd etmbshnmr
hmrs_kkhmf+ 0/40z0/41
mdrshmf+ 104z106
rs_mc_knmd rdqudqr+ 0/43z0/50+ 0/44z0/5/
rhmfkd,qnv- Rdd rhmfkd,qnv etmbshnmr
rsnq_fd oqdo_q_shnm enq+ 0/41z0/43
rsnqdc+ 276
Fqhc Hmrs_kk_shnm Noshnmr rbqddm fl hmhs-nq_ ehkd 0028
NE? ’Noshl_k Ekdwhakd ?qbghsdbstqd( lncdk NQ?,/04449 Rm_orgns snn nkc dqqnq+ 472
chqdbsnqx o_sgr+ 326z33/ NQ?^?BBNTMS^LFLS onkhbx+ 63/+ 883
ehkd rxrsdl rsnq_fd+ 345 NQ?^C?S?A?RD^O?Q?LDSDQ onkhbx+
hmrs_kk_shnm oqnbdrr+ 323“324 63/+ 883
neekhmd a_bjtor+ 738 NQ?^G?RG etmbshnm+ 05/z050
NEEKHMD bk_trd NQ?^QNVRBM ordtcnbnktlm+ 028
c_s_ ehkdr+ 425 NQ?^RDBTQDBNMEHF onkhbx+ 63/+ 883
s_akdro_bdr+ 413 Nq_bkd ?ookhb_shnm Dwoqdrr bnlonmdms+ 348
neekhmd c_s_ ehkdr+ 425z427 Nq_bkd ?RL ?clhmhrsq_snq ’NR?RL( fqnto+ 0/46
neekhmd s_akdro_bdr+ 418z42/ Nq_bkd ?RL CA? ’NRCA?( fqnto+ 325“326+ 0/46
NEERDS bk_trd+ 56“57 NQ?BKD^A?RD o_q_ldsdq+ 346+ 4//
neerdsr+ shld ynmd+ 02/z020+ 220 #NQ?BKD^A?RD u_qh_akd+ 327+ 334
NG?R ’Nq_bkd Ghfg ?u_hk_ahkhsx Rdquhbd(+ 0/57 $NQ?BKD^A?RD$ u_qh_akd+ 327“33/
NHC ’Nq_bkd Hmsdqmds Chqdbsnqx(+ 5/8+ 527 Nq_bkd C_s_ Ft_qc+ 851
NKSO S_akd Bnloqdrrhnm+ 44/ Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd 01b nudquhdv
NM bk_trd enq inhmr+ 124z125 _qbghsdbstqd- Rdd _qbghsdbstqd+ c_s_a_rd
NM BNLLHS bk_trd+ 230 bkntc+ 07z08
NM CDKDSD bk_trd+ 255 bnmmdbshnmr+ 02z03
nmd,sn,l_mx qdk_shnmrghor+ 5“6+ 6 dw_l drrdmsh_kr+ 314
nmd,sn,nmd qdk_shnmrghor+ 5+ 6 etmc_ldms_kr+ 07+ 274z28/+ 275+ 277z28/
nmkhmd a_bjtor+ 738 hlokdldms_shnm+ 8z02+ 0/z01
NMKHMD bk_trd lhfq_shnm sn+ 850z852
c_s_ ehkdr+ 425 QCALRr- Rdd QCALRr ’qdk_shnm_k c_s_a_rd
s_akdro_bdr+ 413 l_m_fdldms rxrsdlr(
nmkhmd c_s_ ehkdr+ 425z426 qduhdv ptdrshnmr+ 315z32/
nmkhmd qdcn knf ehkdr+ 728 rnesv_qd hmrs_kk_shnm- Rdd rnesv_qd hmrs_kk_shnm
nmkhmd s_akdro_bdr+ 418z42/ RPK)Oktr+ 08z2/
NMKX jdxvnqc+ 56 rtll_qx+ 313
NODM^BTQRNQR o_q_ldsdq+ 370 snnkr+ 03z07+ 04z06
NODM lncd+ 381 Nq_bkd C_s_a_rd U_tks bnlonmdms+ 348
NODM oqnbdctqd+ 0/00 NQ?BKD^C?S?OTLO _bbdrr cqhudq+ 0/35“0/37
NODM rs_sd enq hmrs_mbdr+ 758 Nq_bkd Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq- Rdd
nodq_shmf rxrsdlr Dmsdqoqhrd L_m_fdq
ltkshokd+ 5/7 Nq_bkd ek_rg qdbnudqx noshnm+ 346
trdq _bbntmsr+ 324 Nq_bkd Fnkcdm F_sd+ 851
Nodq_shnm rbqddm+ 337“338+ 337+ 361“363 Nq_bkd Ghfg ?u_hk_ahkhsx Rdquhbd ’NG?R(+ 0/57
Nodq_snq ina qnkd+ 325 NQ?BKD^GNLD o_q_ldsdq+ 513
nodq_snqr #NQ?BKD^GNLD u_qh_akd+ 327+ 334
bnlo_qhrnm+ 41z43 $NQ?BKD^GNLD$ u_qh_akd+ 327“328
knfhb_k+ 45z47 NQ?BKD^GNLD^O?SG u_qh_akd+ 865
lhrbdkk_mdntr+ 47z51 Nq_bkd Hmsdqmds Chqdbsnqx ’NHC(+ 5/8+ 527
oqdbdcdmbd+ 32 Nq_bkd IUL bnlonmdms+ 348
rds+ 136z14/ Nq_bkd K_adk Rdbtqhsx bnlonmdms+ 348
NOR# _bbntmsr+ 57/ NQ?BKD^KN?CDQ _bbdrr cqhudq+ 0/37z0/38
Noshl_k Ekdwhakd ?qbghsdbstqd ’NE?( lncdk Nq_bkd L_m_fdc Ehkdr ’NLE( ed_stqd
chqdbsnqx o_sgr+ 326z33/ ?RL rsnq_fd+ 0/55z0/56
ehkd rxrsdl rsnq_fd+ 345 admdehsr+ 428z43/
hmrs_kk_shnm oqnbdrr+ 323“324 c_s_a_rd bqd_shnm+ 430z431
noshlhydq rs_shrshbr+ 644z645 cde_tks ehkd rhyd+ 431z432
bnkkdbshmf+ 645z65/+ 65/ dm_akhmf+ 43/z430
dwsdmcdc+ 66/z661 s_akdro_bdr+ 407+ 431z433
odmchmf+ 656z657 Nq_bkd Ltkshldch_ bnlonmdms+ 348
oqdedqdmbdr+ 65/z656+ 650z652+ 654z655 Nq_bkd Mds+ 502
noshnm_k bnlonmdmsr+ 347z348 bkhdms bnmehftq_shnm- Rdd bkhdms bnmehftq_shnm
NOSHNMR o_q_ldsdq+ 648 cxm_lhb_kkx qdfhrsdqhmf rdquhbdr+ 523z524
NQ nodq_snq+ 46z47 ehkd sxod+ 300
0035 Nq_bkd Mds L_m_fdq fl o_rrvnqcr