Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

gssor9..cnh-nqf.0/-0//6.r0/6/0,/11,//551,w

Rs‘sdr ur- Bg‘mfdr ne Rs‘sdr9 @ Qdenqltk‘shnm ne sgd Nmshb

ur- Dohrsdlhb Chrshmbshnm hm Pt‘mstl Ldbg‘mhbr

In‘mm‘ Ktb0

Qdbdhudc9 8 @oqhk 1/11 . @bbdosdc9 04 Cdbdladq 1/11

© Sgd @tsgnq’r( 1/11

@arsq‘bs
Hm sghr o]odq) H bg]kkdmfd sgd chrshmbshnm adsvddm ‘dohrsdlhb• ]mc ‘nmshb• rs]sdr oqn,
ontmcdc ax G]qqhf]m ]mc Rodjjdmr Entmc Ogxr 3/9014fl046) 1/0/( ax onhmshmf nts
sg]s adb]trd jmnvkdcfd hr e]bshud) ]mx rs]sd sg]s qdoqdrdmsr rnldnmd|r jmnvkdcfd
]ants ] ogxrhb]k rxrsdl sgdqdax ]krn qdoqdrdmsr rnldsghmf ]ants sgd ogxrhb]k rxrsdl
hsrdke) rn sgdqd hr mn rtbg sghmf ]r ‘ldqd jmnvkdcfd•- Sghr bqhshbhrl kd]cr sn sgd
qdenqltk]shnm ne sgd l]hm ptdrshnm ne sgd cda]sd9 hmrsd]c ne ]rjhmf vgdsgdq ] fhudm
rs]sd hr nmshb nq dohrsdlhb) vd rgntkc hmrsd]c ]rj vgdsgdq ] fhudm bg_mfd ne ] rs]sd hr
nmshb nq dohrsdlhb- Hm o]qshbtk]q) hm sgd bnmsdws ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr) nmd b]m ]rj
vgdsgdq sgd bnkk]ord ne sgd pt]mstl rs]sd bntkc ad tmcdqrsnnc ]r ]m dohrsdlhb]kkx
rtbbdrretk bg]mfd ne sgd nardqudq|r adkhder ]ants sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl
sg]s hr mns ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg ]mx bg]mfd hm sgd ogxrhb]k qd]khsx- H ]qftd sg]s sgd ]mrvdq
sn sghr ptdrshnm rgntkc ad hm sgd mdf]shud adb]trd hs hr onrrhakd sg]s) hm ] rdqhdr ne
ld]rtqdldmsr) sgd bnkk]ord qtkd sdkkr tr sn toc]sd ] bdqs]hm rs]sd sn ] chüdqdms nmd
]mc sgdm a]bj sn sgd r]ld rs]sd: he ansg ne sgdrd toc]sdr ]qd ldqdkx bg]mfdr ne ntq
adkhder) sgdm sgdx bntkc mns ansg ad dohrsdlhb]kkx rtbbdrretk-

Jdxvnqcr Nmshb rs]sdr – Dohrsdlhb rs]sdr – Pt]mstl bnkk]ord – Nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr

0 Hmsqnctbshnm

Pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr hr e]lntrkx chffbtks sn hmsdqoqds) lnrskx adb]trd) hm hsr rs]mc]qc

udqrhnm) hs hmunkudr svn hmbnlo]shakd qtkdr fnudqmhmf sgd bg]mfd ne pt]mstl rs]sdr9
sgd Rbgqóchmfdq dunktshnm ]mc pt]mstl rs]sd bnkk]ord vghbg hr trdc nmkx hm rodbh]k
bhqbtlrs]mbdr) m]ldkx itrs ]esdq sgd ‘ld]rtqdldms• g]r addm l]cd(- Sghr g]r kdc
rnld sghmjdqr sn sgd hcd] sg]s ]s kd]rs rnld ]rodbsr ne sgd enql]khrl ne pt]mstl
ldbg]mhbr rgntkc ad hmsdqoqdsdc dohrsdlhb]kkx-

In]mm] Ktb
in]mm]-ktb-onbys]?fl]hk-bnl
0
Hmrshstsd ne Oghknrnogx) I]fhdkknmh]m Tmhudqrhsx) Jq]jìv) Onk]mc

02
:lV)9 .012345678(
 11 O‘fd 1 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

@ bnmsqhatshnm sn sghr chrbtrrhnm g]r addm l]cd ax G]qqhf]m ]mc Rodjjdmr 1/0/:
gdmbdenqsg GR() vgn chrshmfthrg adsvddm ]m ‘nmshb• ]mc ]m ‘dohrsdlhb• tmcdq,
rs]mchmf ne pt]mstl rs]sdr hm sdqlr ne mnm,nudqk]oohmf ur- nudqk]oohmf rtoonqsr ne
]rrnbh]sdc oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr- Sgd e]bs sg]s sgdhq cd“mhshnmr ]qd enqltk]sdc hm
otqdkx l]sgdl]shb]k sdqlr dm]akdc sgd oqnne ne sgdnqdlr bnmbdqmhmf sghr chrshmb,
shnm- Enq dw]lokd) Otrdx ds ]k- 1/01: gdmbdenqsg OAQ( g]ud rgnvm sg]s fhudm rnld
]cchshnm]k ]rrtloshnmr( pt]mstl rs]sdr b]mmns ad ‘dohrsdlhb• hm sgd rdmrd ne GR- He
sgd ]cchshnm]k ]rrtloshnmr OAQ l]cd ]qd sdm]akd ]mc sgd cd“mhshnmr ne ‘nmshb• ]mc
‘dohrsdlhb• ]qd ]cdpt]sd) sgdm sghr qdrtks hr ] rsqnmf ]qftldms hm e]untq ne hmsdqoqds,
hmf pt]mstl rs]sdr ]r qdoqdrdmshmf rnldsghmf ogxrhb]kkx qd]k-
Gnvdudq) sgd ]cdpt]bx ne GR|r eq]ldvnqj g]r addm ptdrshnmdc d-f-) Nkcneqdch
]mc Kìody 1/1/: G]mbd ds ]k- 1/11(- Hm sgd btqqdms o]odq) H nüdq ] bqhshb]k ]rrdrr,
ldms ne sgd bnmbdost]k rhcd ne sghr cda]sd) fhuhmf mnudk ]qftldmsr enq sgd oghkn,
rnoghb]k hm]ooqnoqh]sdmdrr ne GR|r sdqlhmnknfx- H ]krn oqnonrd ] qdenqltk]shnm ne
sgd bdmsq]k ptdrshnm ne sgd cda]sd ]mc oqnuhcd ] mdv ]qftldms hm e]untq ne nmd ne
sgd ]mrvdqr sn sgd qdenqltk]sdc ptdrshnm- Adenqd H dwok]hm sghr hm lnqd cds]hk) H
hmsqnctbd rnld sdqlhmnknfx-
Ax sgd ‘ogxrhb]k rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl•) H ld]m sgd rs]sd sg]s sgd rxrsdl hr naidb,
shudkx hm ]s rnld fhudm shld(- He ] rds ne rs]sdr hr bnmrhcdqdc hm ]m ]arsq]bs v]x)
vhsgnts ]mx qdedqdmbd sn vg]s hs qdoqdrdmsr) hsr dkdldmsr vhkk ad b]kkdc ‘sgdnqdshb]k
rs]sdr•- Pt]mstl rs]sdr) vghbg ]qd sgd rtaidbs ne sgd oqdrdms o]odq) ]qd ]m dw]lokd
ne sgdnqdshb]k rs]sdr- @ bqtbh]k cd“mhshnm hr ]r enkknvr9

Cdfflmhshnm 0 Nmshb _mc dohrsdlhb rs_sdr( He ] fhudm sgdnqdshb]k rs]sd b]m qdoqdrdms
sgd onrrhakd( ogxrhb]k rs]sd ne ] rxrsdl odqg]or hm ]m hmbnlokdsd v]x() sgdm hs hr
b]kkdc ]m nmshb rs]sd- He ] fhudm sgdnqdshb]k rs]sd b]m qdoqdrdms sgd onrrhakd( adkhder
ne rnld nardqudq ]ants sgd ogxrhb]k rs]sd ne ] rxrsdl) hs hr b]kkdc ]m dohrsdlhb rs]sd-0

Mnshbd sg]s sgdrd cd“mhshnmr cn mns dwbktcd sgd hcd] sg]s sgd r]ld sgdnqdshb]k
rs]sd b]m ad ansg nmshb ]mc dohrsdlhb9 hs hr bnmbdhu]akd sg]s sgd r]ld sgdnqdshb]k rs]sd
b]m qdoqdrdms ] ogxrhb]k rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl ]mc sgd nardqudq|r jmnvkdcfd ]ants sghr
rs]sd be- Rdbs- 2-2 ]mc ennsmnsd 07(-
Sgd enkknvhmf hr sgd ok]m enq sghr o]odq- @esdq qduhdvhmf GR|r cd“mhshnmr ne
‘nmshb• ]mc ‘dohrsdlhb•1 rs]sdr Rdbs-  1() H rodmc rnld shld hmsqnctbhmf sgd dohr,
sdlnknfhb]k bnmbdosr sg]s ]qd bqtbh]k enq sgd cda]sd Rdbsr- 2-0fl2-1(- Sgdm) H ]qftd
Rdbs- 2-2( sg]s he ] sgdnqdshb]k rs]sd qdoqdrdmsr rnldnmd|r jmnvkdcfd ]ants sgd rxr,
sdl ]mc) ]r rtbg) hs hr dohrsdlhb() hs hr sgdqdax ]krn nmshb”sg]s hr) hs ]krn qdoqdrdmsr

0
Rsqhbskx rod]jhmf) sgd sdql ‘cnw]rshb• vntkc ad lnqd ]cdpt]sd sg]m ‘dohrsdlhb• adb]trd vd b]m ]krn
bnmrhcdq e]krd adkhder- Gnvdudq) H vhkk trd sgd sdql ‘dohrsdlhb• sn qdl]hm bknrdq sn sgd nqhfhm]k sdqlhmnk,
nfx ne sgd cda]sd-
1
Sn ]unhc ]mx bnmetrhnm) H vhkk trd ptns]shnm l]qjr vgdmdudq H ld]m GR|r enql]k rdmrd ne nmshb ur-
dohrsdlhb rs]sdr  cd“mdc hm sdqlr ne mnm,nudqk]oohmf ur- nudqk]oohmf oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr) rdd Cde-
1( ]mc mn ptns]shnm l]qjr vgdmdudq H ld]m sgd oghknrnoghb]k rdmrd ne nmshb ur- dohrsdlhb  rs]sdr h-d-)
qdoqdrdmshmf ogxrhb]k qd]khsx ur- qdoqdrdmshmf adkhder) rdd Cde- 0(- Sgd enqldq hr hmsdmcdc ax GR sn bnhm,
bhcd vhsg sgd k]ssdq) ats sghr hr vg]s H b]kk hmsn ptdrshnm) rn sgdx mddc sn ad jdos rdo]q]sd-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 2 ne 24 11

rnldsghmf ]ants ogxrhb]k qd]khsx- Sghr hr adb]trd jmnvkdcfd hr rs]mc]qckx tmcdq,

rsnnc ]r e]bshud) sg]s hr) ]r dms]hkhmf sg]s vg]s hr jmnvm ]bst]kkx gnkcr- Sghr ]qft,
ldms]shnm vhkk ad etqsgdq rtoonqsdc ax ]m]kxrhmf ] rhlokd ]mc lnqd hmsthshud dw]l,
okd vhsg l]rr Rdbsr- 2-3fl2-4(- Sgdqdenqd) H vhkk bnmbktcd sg]s sgd chrshmbshnm l]cd
ax GR hr mns bnmbdost]kkx ]cdpt]sd- Rnld nsgdq onrrhakd qd]chmfr ne sghr chrshmb,
shnm vhkk ]krn ad bnmrhcdqdc Rdbs- 2-5fl2-6() vhsg sgd bnmbktrhnm sg]s sgdx ]qd dhsgdq
hmbnmrhrsdms vhsg rnld ne GR|r ]rrtloshnmr nq ]krn hm]cdpt]sd- H oqnonrd sg]s sgd
ptdrshnm ne vgdsgdq ] fhudm rs]sd hr nmshb nq dohrsdlhb rgntkc ad qdok]bdc ax ] che,
edqdms nmd9 vgdsgdq ] fhudm bg_mfd ne ] rs]sd hr nmshb nq dohrsdlhb) sg]s hr) vgdsgdq
hs hr ] bg]mfd hm sgd ogxrhb]k qd]khsx nq ldqdkx hm ntq adkhder ]ants hs Rdbs-  2-7(-
Sgdm) H oqdrdms ] mnudk ]qftldms sg]s ] o]qshbtk]q jhmc ne bg]mfd ne pt]mstl rs]sdr)
m]ldkx sgd ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord) b]mmns ad hmsdqoqdsdc ]r ]m dohrsdlh,
b]kkx rtbbdrretk bg]mfd ne adkhder ]ants sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl Rdbs- 3(- Hm
Rdbs- 4) H bnmrhcdq sgd noshnmr sg]s qdl]hm enq sgd cdedmcdqr ne sgd dohrsdlhb uhdv nm
sghr jhmc ne pt]mstl bnkk]ord- Hm Rdbs- 5) H dwsdmc lx ]m]kxrhr sn rnld u]qh]msr ne
pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr sg]s cn vhsgnts sgd bnmbdos ne ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord-
Ehm]kkx) Rdbs- 6 oqnuhcdr ] rgnqs rtll]qx-

1 Sgd Rs‘mc‘qc Cdfflmhshnm ne 'Nmshb„ ‘mc 'Dohrsdlhb„ Rs‘sdr

Sgd chrshmbshnm adsvddm ‘nmshb• ]mc ‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr v]r hmsqnctbdc ax GR 1/0/(
vhsghm sgd eq]ldvnqj ne nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr-2 Sgdx rs]qs vhsg ]m nodq]shnm]k enqlt,
k]shnm ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr) sgd oqhlhshud sdqlr ne vghbg ]qd oqdo]q]shnmr cdmnsdc
ax O( ]mc ld]rtqdldms oqnbdctqdr cdmnsdc ax L(- Pt]mstl rs]sdr cdmnsdc ax
nq ) onrrhakx vhsg k]adkr( ]qd ]rrtldc sn ad hm nmd,sn,nmd bnqqdronmcdmbd vhsg
oqdo]q]shnm oqnbdctqdr- Sgd nodq]shnm]k enqltk]shnm ne ] sgdnqx fhudr tr sgd oqna,
]ahkhshdr ne sgd ntsbnldr ne chüdqdms ld]rtqdldmsr fhudm chüdqdms oqdo]q]shnmr h-d-)
oqna]ahkhshdr sg]s sgd ld]rtqdldms L vhkk fhud sgd ntsbnld j enq sgd oqdo]q]shnm O)
cdmnsdc ax Oq jzL) O((- Rtbg nodq]shnm]k enqltk]shnm ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr b]m ad
]rrnbh]sdc3 vhsg hsr nmsnknfhb]k lncdk) vghbg onrstk]sdr sgd rds ne bnlokdsd4 rs]sdr
sgd rxrsdl lhfgs ad hm sghr rds hr cdmnsdc ax ]mc hsr dkdldmsr ax (- Ax cd“mhshnm)
bnlokdsd rs]sdr b]ostqd ]kk sgd hmenql]shnm ]ants sgd rxrsdl ]kk hsr oqnodqshdr ]s ]
fhudm shld(- Vhsg d]bg oqdo]q]shnm oqnbdctqd ]mc) sgdqdenqd) vhsg d]bg pt]mstl
rs]sd( ] oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm r ) r nudq  hr ]rrnbh]sdc) vghbg cdsdqlhmdr vg]s
sgd oqna]ahkhsx hr sg]s sgd rxrsdl bqd]sdc ax ld]mr ne sgd oqdo]q]shnm O hr hm sgd rs]sd

2
Enql]kkx rod]jhmf) nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr ]qd sgd r]ld ]r ghccdm u]qh]akd lncdkr) vghbg hr ] lnqd onot,
k]q sdql- Gnvdudq) sgd ]tsgnqr ]unhc hs adb]trd sgdx v]ms sgdhq eq]ldvnqj sn dmbnlo]rr sgd noshnm sg]s
pt]mstl rs]sdr vghbg ]qd mns ghccdm( ]qd ]kqd]cx bnlokdsd be- GR 1/0/) o- 018) ennsmnsd 4(-
3
‘@rrnbh]sdc• hm sgd rdmrd sg]s sgd nmsnknfhb]k lncdk qdoqdrdmsr sgd tmcdqkxhmf nmsnknfx sg]s fhudr qhrd
sn onrrhakd dwodqhldms]k qdrtksr sg]s ]qd ]bbntmsdc enq ax sgd nodq]shnm]k enqltk]shnm-
4
GR b]kk sgdrd bnlokdsd rs]sdr ‘sgd nmshb rs]sdr•- Gnvdudq) H vhkk ]unhc sghr sdqlhmnknfx adb]trd hs kd]cr
sn ]m ]lahfthsx9 ]krn rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn vg]s sgdx b]kk ‘ ,nmshb lncdkr• ]qd ‘nmshb•- H vhkk b]kk ‘nmshb•
nmkx rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn ,nmshb lncdkr) vgdqd]r enq sgd dkdldmsr ne ) H vhkk trd sgd sdql ‘bnlokdsd
rs]sdr•-

02
 11 O‘fd 3 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

- Sgd nmsnknfhb]k lncdk mddcr sn ]fqdd vhsg sgd oqdchbshnmr ne pt]mstl ldbg]m,
hbr hm sgd rdmrd sg]s P rk)M rk) r rgntkc qdbnudq sgd u]ktdr fhudm ax sgd
Anqm qtkd-
Fhudm sghr eq]ldvnqj) GR bk]hl sg]s pt]mstl rs]sdr)  vghbg sgdx tmcdqrs]mc
]r oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr nudq sgd rds ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr h-d-) r ) r () lhfgs
dhsgdq qdoqdrdms sgd ogxrhb]k qd]khsx nq qdoqdrdms ‘]m nardqudq|r jmnvkdcfd ne qd]k,
hsx q]sgdq sg]m qd]khsx hsrdke• 1/0/) o- 015(- Sgd enqldq ]qd bg]q]bsdqhrdc ax g]uhmf
mnm,nudqk]oohmf rtoonqsr) vgdqd]r sgd rtoonqsr ne sgd k]ssdq l]x nudqk]o-5 Sgdhq etkk
bk]rrh“b]shnm ne sgd sxodr ne nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr hr ]r enkknvr 1/0/) oo- 018fl023(9

· @m nmsnknfhb]k lncdk hr ,bnlokdsd he pt]mstl rs]sdr ]qd bnlokdsd rs]sdr rdd

GR 1/0/) o- 020 enq sdbgmhb]k cds]hkr(: nsgdqvhrd) hs hr ,hmbnlokdsd-
· @m nmsnknfhb]k lncdk hr ,nmshb he enq ]mx o]hq ne oqdo]q]shnm oqnbd,
ctqdr) ]mc ) ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg chrshmbs pt]mstl rs]sdr ]mc ) vd g]ud
r )𝜓 r𝜙 = r )𝜓 r = enq ]kk : nsgdqvhrd hs hr ,dohrsdlhb-

@m hlonqs]ms ed]stqd ne GR|r oqnonr]k hr sg]s ] rs]sd cndr mns mddc sn ad bnlokdsd
enq hs sn ad ‘nmshb•- Bnmbdqmhmf sdqlhmnknfx) GR oqdedq sn ]ssqhatsd sgd oqnodqsx ne
adhmf ‘nmshb• nq ‘dohrsdlhb• sn lncdkr) vgdqd]r H ]ssqhatsd sghr oqnodqsx sn rs]sdr)
ats sgdrd svn v]xr ne rod]jhmf ]qd dpthu]kdms ]mc d]rhkx hmsdq,sq]mrk]s]akd- Hm
,bnlokdsd lncdkr) pt]mstl rs]sdr ]qd bnlokdsd rs]sdr:6 hm ,nmshb lncdkr) pt]mstl
rs]sdr ]qd ‘nmshb• rs]sdr: ]mc hm ,dohrsdlhb lncdkr) pt]mstl rs]sdr ]qd ‘dohrsdlhb•
rs]sdr- Pt]mstl rs]sdr bnmrhcdqdc hm ]arsq]bshnm eqnl vg]s sgdx qdoqdrdms ]qd) hm lx
mnldmbk]stqd) b]kkdc sgdnqdshb]k rs]sdr- Sgdqdenqd) H vhkk trd sgd enkknvhmf cd“mhshnm
enq dwoqdrrhmf GR|r chrshmbshnm9

Cdfflmhshnm 1 ¤Nmshb„ _mc ¤dohrsdlhb„ rs_sdr( Bnmrhcdq ] rds ne sgdnqdshb]k rs]sdr

sg]s ]qd oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr nudq ] bdqs]hm rs]sd ro]bd vgnrd dkdldmsr ]qd
hmsdqoqdsdc ]r onrrhakd bnlokdsd rs]sdr ne rnld ogxrhb]k rxrsdlr(- He ] fhudm sgdn,
qdshb]k rs]sd hr rtbg sg]s hsr rtoonqs cndr mns nudqk]o vhsg sgd rtoonqs ne ]mx nsgdq
sgdnqdshb]k rs]sd hm sghr rds) hs hr b]kkdc ]m ‘nmshb• rs]sd: he hsr rtoonqs cndr nudqk]o
vhsg sgd rtoonqs ne rnld nsgdq sgdnqdshb]k rs]sd hm sghr rds) sgdm hs hr b]kkdc ]m ‘dohr,
sdlhb• rs]sd-

Ntq ptdrshnm hr vgdsgdq Cde- 1 b]ostqdr sgd r]ld chrshmbshnm ]r Cde- 0-

5
Sgd rtoonqs ne ] oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm r ) r hr sgd rds ne ]kk dkdldmsr ∈ rtbg sg]s
r ) r - Hm sgd b]rd ne hm“mhsd ) vd mddc sn bnmrhcdq sgd oqna]ahkhsx cdmrhsx hmrsd]c ne sgd oqna,
]ahkhsx-
6
Rhmbd) hm sghr b]rd) sgdqd hr ] nmd,sn,nmd bnqqdronmcdmbd adsvddm ]mc ) ansg vhkk ad b]kkdc bnlokdsd
rs]sdr sghr hr) ne bntqrd) qdrsqhbsdc nmkx sn ,bnlokdsd lncdkr(-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 4 ne 24 11

2 Bqhshbhrl ne sgd Rs‘mc‘qc Cdfflmhshnmr ne 'Nmshb„ ‘mc 'Dohrsdlhb„

Rs‘sdr

Hm sghr rdbshnm) H ]qftd sg]s sgd cd“mhshnmr ne ,nmshb ]mc ,dohrsdlhb lncdkr bnhmdc
ax GR ]qd bnmbdost]kkx hm]cdpt]sd-7 H adfhm ax b]qdetkkx hmsqnctbhmf sgd dohrsdln,
knfhb]k bnmbdosr hmunkudc hm sgd cda]sd Rdbsr- 2-0fl2-1(- Athkchmf nm sghr) H ]qftd
Rdbsr- 2-2fl2-6( sg]s ‘dohrsdlhb• ]mc ‘nmshb• rs]sdr hm sgd rdmrd ne GR rdd Cde- 1(
b]m ad ansg dohrsdlhb ]mc nmshb hm sgd rdmrd ne qdoqdrdmshmf ansg rnldnmd|r adkhder
]mc ogxrhb]k qd]khsx rdd Cde- 0( ]s sgd r]ld shld- Ehm]kkx) H oqnonrd sgd qdenqlt,
k]shnm ne sgd cda]sd hm sdqlr ne bg]mfdr ne rs]sdr q]sgdq sg]m rs]sdr sgdlrdkudr
Rdbs- 2-7(-

2-0 @ Rgnqs Oqhldq nm Rnld Dohrsdlnknfhb‘k Bnmbdosr

Sgd ]hl ne sghr rtardbshnm hr sn hmsqnctbd bdqs]hm dohrsdlnknfhb]k bnmbdosr sg]s vhkk
ad trdc hm sgd ]qftldms]shnm- Sgd oqdrdms]shnm vhkk ad ltbg lnqd cds]hkdc sg]m hm
]mx o]odq H ]l ]v]qd ne sg]s hr cdunsdc sn sgd pt]mstl nmshb ur- dohrsdlhb cda]sd)
ats ]s sgd r]ld shld) hs vhkk ad mns udqx cds]hkdc bnlo]qdc vhsg vg]s hr ]u]hk]akd hm
sgd dohrsdlnknfhb]k khsdq]stqd- H vhkk mns ad ]rrtlhmf ]mx o]qshbtk]q dohrsdlnknfh,
b]k sgdnqx ]mc hmrsd]c qdkx rnkdkx nm sgdrdr sg]s lnrs bnmsdlonq]qx dohrsdlnknfhrsr
vntkc ]fqdd vhsg- Sgd enkknvhmf bnllnm mns]shnm vhkk ad trdc9 R vhkk cdmnsd ]m
dohrsdlhb rtaidbs vgn l]x ad ]krn b]kkdc ‘]fdms• nq ‘nardqudq•() ]mc o vhkk cdmnsd

7
H jmnv ne svn nsgdq o]odqr sg]s g]ud rhlhk]q ]hlr9 Nkcneqdch ]mc Kìody 1/1/( ]mc G]mbd ds  ]k-
1/11(- Kds ld rgnqskx chrbtrr sgd chüdqdmbdr adsvddm lx ]ooqn]bg ]mc sgdhq ]ooqn]bgdr-
Nkcneqdch ]mc Kìody 1/1/( l]jd svn naidbshnmr- Ehqrs) sgdx bk]hl sg]s bnlokdsd rs]sdr b]m ad sgntfgs
ne ]r adhmf ]ssqhatsdc sn hmchuhct]k rxrsdlr ]mc sn dmrdlakdr ne hmchuhct]k rxrsdlr) vgdqd]r GR s]jd hmsn
]bbntms nmkx sgd “qrs ne sgdrd noshnmr- Rdbnmc) sgdx onhms nts sg]s hm rnld hmsdqoqds]shnmr ne pt]mstl
ldbg]mhbr) bnlokdsd rs]sdr ]qd odqrodbshu]k nq qdk]shnm]k) vghbg hr ]krn mns s]jdm hmsn ]bbntms ax GR-
Lx bqhshbhrl ne GR|r sdqlhmnknfx hr s]mfdmsh]k sn sg]s ne Nkcneqdch ]mc Kìody ]mc hm rnld rdmrd) fndr
cddodq sg]m sgdhqr”sgdx sghmj sg]s he bnlokdsd rs]sdr ]qd tmcdqrsnnc ]r ]ssqhatsdc sn hmchuhct]k rxrsdlr
]mc ]qd qdf]qcdc ]r hmsqhmrhb h-d-) mdhsgdq odqrodbshu]k mnq qdk]shnm]k() sgdm GR|r cd“mhshnmr ]qd ]cdpt]sd)
vghbg hr vg]s H chr]fqdd vhsg-
G]mbd ds ]k- 1/11) o- 227( l]jd bk]hlr rddlhmfkx rhlhk]q sn lhmd) m]ldkx sg]s ‘lncdkr b]m ad rhltk,
s]mdntrkx nmshb ]mc dohrsdlhb”sgd v]udetmbshnm b]m qdoqdrdms ansg dkdldmsr ne qd]khsx) ]mc jmnvkdcfd
]ants sg]s qd]khsx• ]mc sg]s ‘G]qqhf]m|r ]mc Rodjjdmr|r sdqlr)  ,nmshb ]mc ,dohrsdlhb) cn mns enql]khrd
sgdrd hmenql]k hcd]r•- Sgd enqldq sgdrhr b]m ad tmcdqrsnnc hm ]s kd]rs svn chüdqdms v]xr- Sgd “qrs hr
sg]s ] rs]sd hr ‘rhltks]mdntrkx nmshb ]mc dohrsdlhb• he rnld o]qs nq ]rodbs ne hs qdoqdrdmsr sgd qd]khsx
]mc ]mnsgdq o]qs nq ]rodbs qdoqdrdmsr sgd nardqudq|r jmnvkdcfd- Sghr rddlr sn ad sgd ]tsgnqr| hmsdmcdc
qd]chmf- Sgdqdenqd) sgdx rddl sn ]fqdd vhsg sgd bnllnm ]rrtloshnm ne sgd cda]sd sg]s rnldsghmf b]m
qdoqdrdms ldqd jmnvkdcfd vhsgnts qdoqdrdmshmf qd]khsx) vghbg hr lx l]hm s]qfds ne bqhshbhrl- Sgd rdbnmc
qd]chmf hr sg]s ] rs]sd s]jdm _r _ vgnkd b]m qdoqdrdms qd]khsx ]mc sgd nardqudq|r jmnvkdcfd ]ants qd]khsx
]s sgd r]ld shld- Sghr hr sgd qd]chmf H ]l rxlo]sgdshb snv]qcr: H v]ms sn rsqdmfsgdm sghr sgdrhr ax r]x,
hmf sg]s sgdnqdshb]k rs]sdr sg]s qdoqdrdms rnldnmd|r jmnvkdcfd mns nmkx b]m) ats dudm ltrs) qdoqdrdms sgd
ogxrhb]k qd]khsx ]r vdkk-
@krn Rbgknrrg]tdq ]mc Ehmd 1/01( chrs]mbd sgdlrdkudr eqnl GR|r sdqlhmnknfx adb]trd sgdx qdm]ld
‘ ,dohrsdlhb•.‘ ,nmshb• lncdkr sn ‘lhwdc•.‘rdfqdf]sdc• lncdkr vghbg sgdx “mc sn ad ‘kdrr bg]qfdc•
sdqlr(- Gnvdudq) sgdhq hmsdqdrs hm sgd OAQ sgdnqdl hr l]sgdl]shb]k q]sgdq sg]m hmsdqoqds]shnm]k) rn sgdx
cn mns nüdq ]mx ]rrdrrldms ne GR|r mnldmbk]stqd-

02
 11 O‘fd 5 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

] oqnonrhshnm snv]qcr vghbg R b]m g]ud u]qhntr ]sshstcdr b]kkdc ‘oqnonrhshnm]k

]sshstcdr•(-
Ehqrs) dohrsdlnknfhrsr chrshmfthrg adsvddm svn e]lhkhdr ne oqnonrhshnm]k ]sshstcdr9
etkk adkhder ]mc o]qsh]k adkhder: sgd k]ssdq ]qd ]krn b]kkdc bqdcdmbdr nq cdfqddr ne adkhde
rdd) d-f-) I]bjrnm 1/1/) Fdmhm ]mc Gtadq 1/10(- Etkk adkhder ]qd ]m ]kk,nq,mnsghmf
l]ssdq- Enq ]mx o) R b]m adkhdud o) chradkhdud o nq rtrodmc itcfdldms vhsg qdrodbs
sn o: sgd e]bs sg]s adkhder b]m bnld hm u]qhntr rsqdmfsgr hr mns s]jdm hmsn ]bbntms
gdqd- Hm bnmsq]rs) o]qsh]k adkhder ]qd fq]cdc ]mc ]qd nesdm lncdkkdc ax qd]k mtladqr
adsvddm / ]mc 0- Sgdrd mtladqr b]ostqd sgd rsqdmfsg ne sgd rtaidbs|r adkhder- He R
adkhdudr sg]s o sn ] cdfqdd S ]mc adkhdudr sg]s o sn ] cdfqdd S rtbg sg]s S S)
sgdm adkhdudr o rsqnmfdq sg]m R cndr-
Rdbnmc) adkhder b]m ad sqtd nq e]krd- Vg]s sghr ld]mr oqdbhrdkx hr ] l]ssdq ne
cda]sd) ats gdqd) vd cn mns mddc sn fn hmsn sgd cds]hkr- Vd vhkk nmkx ]rrtld sg]s
vgdsgdq ] adkhde hr sqtd nq e]krd cdodmcr nm vg]s sgd vnqkc hr khjd vghbg hr hm
]bbnqc]mbd vhsg sgd bk]rrhb]k bnmbdoshnm ne sqtsg(- Sghr hr rtqdkx ] bnmsqnudqrh]k
]rrtloshnm hm oghknrnogx) ats hs rddlr sn ad hlokhbhs hm sgd chrbtrrhnm sgd btqqdms
o]odq bnmsqhatsdr sn) rn hs hr mns oqnakdl]shb hm sghr bnmsdws-8 R|r adkhde sg]s o hr sqtd
he hs hr sgd b]rd sg]s o ]mc e]krd nsgdqvhrd- Hm o]qshbtk]q) R|r adkhde sg]s ] rxrsdl P hr
hm ] rs]sd hr sqtd he sgd rxrsdl P hr hmcddc hm sgd rs]sd ]mc e]krd nsgdqvhrd-
Sghqc) o]qsh]k adkhder) ]r sgdx ]qd trt]kkx bnmbdhudc) ]qd bknrdkx qdk]sdc sn oqna],
ahkhshdr- Sgdqd ]qd ]qftldmsr sg]s sgd o]qsh]k adkhder ne ] q]shnm]k ]fdms rgntkc r]shrex
sgd ]whnlr ne Jnklnfnqnuh]m oqna]ahkhsx rdd Fdmhm ]mc Gtadq 1/10) Rdbs-  2-0-2
]mc qdedqdmbdr sgdqdhm(- Sghr bnmmdbshnm b]m ad trdc hm ]s kd]rs svn v]xr- Nm sgd
nmd g]mc) he H v]ms lx o]qsh]k adkhder sn ad q]shnm]k) H rgntkc adssdq dmrtqd sg]s sgdx
r]shrex sgd ]whnlr ne oqna]ahkhsx”rn sghr bnmmdbshnm fhudr ld ] bnmrsq]hms sg]s lx
o]qsh]k adkhder rgntkc r]shrex- Nm sgd nsgdq g]mc) fhudm rnld oqna]ahkhshdr vgnrd
m]stqd hr tmjmnvm) sghr bnmmdbshnm nodmr sgd onrrhahkhsx ne hmsdqoqdshmf rtbg oqna,
]ahkhshdr ]r qdoqdrdmshmf sgd o]qsh]k adkhder ne rnld rtaidbs hmrsd]c ne qdoqdrdmshmf)
d-f-) qdk]shud eqdptdmbhdr nq oqnodmrhshdr(- Hs hr sgd k]ssdq v]x ne dwoknhshmf sgd bnm,
mdbshnm adsvddm o]qsh]k adkhder ]mc oqna]ahkhshdr sg]s vhkk ad ne hmsdqdrs gdqd- He pt]m,
stl rs]sdr ]qd oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr nudq ) sgdm sgdx bntkc ad tmcdqrsnnc ]r

8
Nmd b]m naidbs ]s sghr onhms sg]s) enq ] oqnonmdms ne sgd dohrsdlhb m]stqd ne pt]mstl rs]sdr) hs vntkc ad
m]stq]k sn trd rnld mnm,bk]rrhb]k) dohrsdlhb bnmbdos ne sqtsg d-f-) hcdmshexhmf sqtsg vhsg q]shnm]k ]bbdos,
]ahkhsx(- Gnvdudq) vd cn mns chrbtrr gdqd ]kk onrrhakd onrhshnmr sg]s sqd]s pt]mstl rs]sdr ]r dohrsdlhb)
nmkx sgnrd sg]s b]m ad dwoqdrrdc hm GR|r eq]ldvnqj ne nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr- Hs rddlr sg]s sgd lnrs onot,
k]q onrhshnmr sg]s ]rrtld sgd dohrsdlhb m]stqd ne pt]mstl rs]sdr qdidbs sgd dwhrsdmbd ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr
]ksnfdsgdq be- noshnm 0( hm Rdbs-  4(- Gnvdudq) sgdx ]qd itrs ntsrhcd ne sgd rbnod ne sgd btqqdms o]odq
]mc ntsrhcd ne sgd rbnod ne sgd o]odqr ne GR 1/0/ ]mc OAQ 1/01(- Sgd eq]ldvnqj ne nmsnknfhb]k lnc,
dkr oqdrtoonrdr ] qd]khrshb uhdv nm ogxrhb]k sgdnqhdr adb]trd bnlokdsd rs]sdr ]qd rtoonrdc sn qdoqdrdms
vg]s sgd rxrsdl hr qd]kkx khjd) vghbg hr hm khmd vhsg sgd bk]rrhb]k bnmbdos ne sqtsg- Rhmbd ]mx chrshmbshnm
l]cd vhsghm sghr eq]ldvnqj ltrs hmgdqhs hsr oghknrnoghb]k oqdrtoonrhshnmr) hs hr hlonrrhakd sn sghmj ]ants
‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr”hm GR|r rdmrd”hm sdqlr ne rnld dohrsdlhb bnmbdos ne sqtsg- @m ]ssdlos sn tmcdq,
rs]mc sgd vgnkd eq]ldvnqj ne nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr hm sdqlr ne rnld dohrsdlhb bnmbdos ne sqtsg knnjr
hlok]trhakd adb]trd sg]s vntkc cdoqhud sgd bnmbdos ne nmshb rs]sdr ne sgd rhfmh“b]mbd hs v]r rtoonrdc sn
g]ud9 tmcdq ]m dohrsdlhb uhdv nm sqtsg) eqnl sgd sqtsg ne sgd rs]sdldms sg]s ] rxrsdl hr hm rtbg,]mc,rtbg
nmshb rs]sd) mnsghmf enkknvr ]ants vg]s sghr rxrsdl hr qd]kkx khjd”sghr vntkc ad ] udqx vd]j mnshnm ne
nmshbhsx-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 6 ne 24 11

qdoqdrdmshmf nmd|r o]qsh]k adkhder ]ants sgd rxrsdl adhmf hm nmd ne sgd rs]sdr adknmf,
hmf sn -
Entqsg) u]qhntr ]m]kxrdr ne jmnvkdcfd g]ud addm oqnonrdc hm dohrsdlnknfx
rdd) d-f-) Hbghj]v] ]mc Rsdto 1/07() ats enqstm]sdkx) sgd onhms H ]l fnhmf sn l]jd
cdodmcr nmkx nm sgd ]rrtloshnmr sg]s lnrs ne sgdrd ]m]kxrdr rg]qd- Jmnvkdcfd hr
trt]kkx qdf]qcdc ]r ad]qhmf ] bknrd qdk]shnm sn adkhder) nm sgd nmd g]mc) ]mc sqtsg)
nm sgd nsgdq g]mc- ‘R jmnvr o• ld]mr sg]s R adkhdudr sg]s o) o hr sqtd) ]mc rnld etq,
sgdq bnmchshnmr ]qd r]shr“dc- Bnmsdlonq]qx dohrsdlnknfhrsr g]ud gnskx cda]sdc vg]s
sgdrd etqsgdq bnmchshnmr rgntkc ad d-f-) itrsh“b]shnm) b]tr]k bnmmdbshnm sn sgd e]bs
sg]s l]jdr o sqtd) r]edsx) dsb-() ats sgdx trt]kkx ]bbdos sgd “qrs svn bnmchshnmr- Sgdqd
]qd dwbdoshnmr sn sghr qtkd) ats sgdx cn mns rddl sn ad qdkdu]ms hm ntq bnmsdws) rn H
vhkk mns chrbtrr sgdl gdqd enq sgd r]jd ne aqduhsx-
Sghr v]x ne sghmjhmf ]ants jmnvkdcfd g]r sgd enkknvhmf bnmrdptdmbdr- He vd
bk]hl sg]s R jmnvr sg]s sgd rxrsdl P hr hm sgd rs]sd ) sgdm sghr oqdrtoonrdr sg]s R
adkhdudr sg]s sgd rxrsdl P hr hm sgd rs]sd ) ]r vdkk ]r sg]s sgd rxrsdl P hr hmcddc hm
sgd rs]sd vd g]ud rtarshstsdc ‘sgd rxrsdl P hr hm sgd rs]sd • enq o hm sgd fdmdq]k
]m]kxrhr ne sgd oqduhntr o]q]fq]og(- Sgd k]ssdq ed]stqd ne sgd bnmbdos ne jmnvkdcfd hr
b]kkdc ‘e]bshuhsx•- He rnld o hr jmnvm) sgdm o ltrs ad sqtd: sg]s hr) hs ltrs ad sgd e]bs
sg]s o sghr hr vgdqd sgd m]ld ‘e]bshuhsx• bnldr eqnl(- Hm nsgdq vnqcr) r]xhmf sg]s ‘R
jmnvr sg]s o ats o hr e]krd• nq ‘R jmnvr sg]s o ats o hr mns qd]kkx sgd b]rd• vntkc ad
] bnmsq]chbshnm-
Ehesg) sgd qdk]shnm adsvddm etkk ]mc o]qsh]k adkhder hr ] bnlokhb]sdc hrrtd) ]mc dohr,
sdlnknfhrsr cn mns ]fqdd gnv dw]bskx hs rgntkc ad ]ooqn]bgdc- Nmd hcd] hr sn rds ]
bdqs]hm sgqdrgnkc rtbg sg]s he R g]r ] o]qsh]k adkhde sg]s o vhsg ] u]ktd dpt]k sn nq
fqd]sdq sg]m sghr sgqdrgnkc) sgdm R ]krn adkhdudr0/ o hm sgd rdmrd ne g]uhmf ] etkk
adkhde sg]s o- Gnvdudq) hs hr mns bkd]q) enq dw]lokd) vg]s sgd u]ktd ne sghr sgqdrgnkc
rgntkc ad ]mc vgdsgdq hs rgntkc ad sgd r]ld hm ]kk bnmsdwsr-

2-1 Etkk Adkhder+ O‘qsh‘k Adkhder ‘mc Pt‘mstl Rs‘sdr

Sgd hlonqs]mbd ne sgd oqnakdl ne sgd qdk]shnm adsvddm etkk adkhder ]mc o]qsh]k adkhder
enq ntq bnmrhcdq]shnmr bnldr eqnl sgd e]bs sg]s vd v]ms sn ]m]kxrd vg]s hs ld]mr
sn r]x sg]s pt]mstl rs]sdr qdoqdrdms jmnvkdcfd: xds) jmnvkdcfd hr trt]kkx cd“mdc
]r ] etkk adkhde r]shrexhmf bdqs]hm bnmrsq]hmsr) vgdqd]r pt]mstl rs]sdr) adhmf oqna,
]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr) b]m nmkx qdoqdrdms o_qsh_k adkhder) mns etkk adkhder- Sgdqdenqd) hs
hr mns bkd]q gnv dw]bskx sgd bk]hl sg]s ] pt]mstl rs]sd qdoqdrdmsr jmnvkdcfd rgntkc
ad tmcdqrsnnc ]mc) lnqd fdmdq]kkx) vg]s hs bntkc ld]m sn ]ssqhatsd sgd rs]str ne
jmnvkdcfd sn o]qsh]k adkhder(- Nmd lhmhl]k qd]chmf ne rtbg bk]hlr) vghbg H sghmj
b]ostqdr sgd hmsdmshnmr ne GR ]mc sgdhq enkknvdqr) hr sg]s ] pt]mstl rs]sd qdoqdrdmsr

0/
Sgd bnmmdbshnm adsvddm o]qsh]k adkhder ]mc etkk adkhder b]m ad tmcdqrsnnc dhsgdq ]r cdrbqhoshud he R
g]r bdqs]hm o]qsh]k adkhder) sgdm sghr ld]mr sg]s R ]krn g_r bdqs]hm etkk adkhder( nq ]r mnql]shud he R g]r
bdqs]hm o]qsh]k adkhder) sgdm R rgntkc ]krn g]ud bdqs]hm etkk adkhder(- Sghr chüdqdmbd vhkk mns l]ssdq enq ntq
chrbtrrhnm adb]trd) gdqd) vd ]qd bnmrhcdqhmf q]shnm]k ]fdmsr nmkx) rn vd ]rrtld sg]s R|r etkk adkhder ]qd ]r
sgdx rgntkc ad fhudm R|r o]qsh]k adkhder-

02
 11 O‘fd 7 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

R|r jmnvkdcfd hü hs qdoqdrdmsr R|r o]qsh]k adkhder ]ants sgd rs]sd ne rnld ogxrhb]k
rxrsdl ]mc ]rrhfmr ] mnm,ydqn oqna]ahkhsx sn sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd sgd rxrsdl hr ]bst,
]kkx hm ]mc rnld etqsgdq bnmchshnmr mdbdrr]qx enq jmnvkdcfd ]qd r]shr“dc(-
Sghr b]m ad qdk]sdc sn sgd rs]mc]qc v]x ne tmcdqrs]mchmf jmnvkdcfd hm sgd enk,
knvhmf v]x- @rrtld sg]s hr sgd rds ne ]kk rs]sdr sgd rxrsdl P lhfgs ad hm ]mc sg]s
R jmnvr sg]s sghr hr sgd b]rd) rn R b]m ]rbqhad sn sgd rxrsdl P nmkx rs]sdr adknmf,
hmf sn - Sgdm) sgd enkknvhmf oqhmbhokd vghbg l]x ad b]kkdc sgd Etkk AdkhdeflO]qsh]k
Adkhde Khmj( gnkcr9
He hr sgd k]qfdrs rtards ne rtbg sg]s enq ]mx ∈ ) R|r cdfqdd ne
adkhde sg]s sgd rxrsdl P hr ]bst]kkx hm sgd rs]sd hr mnm,ydqn)00 sgdm R adkhdudr
hm sgd rdmrd ne g]uhmf ] etkk adkhde( sg]s P hr hm nmd ne sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn
]mc hr mns hm ]mx rs]sd adknmfhmf sn -
R|r o]qsh]k adkhder ]qd jmnvkdcfd hm sgd lhmhl]k rdmrd vd ]qd hmsdqdrsdc hm gdqd( hü
sgd bnqqdronmchmf etkk adkhde fhudm ax sgd ]anud Etkk AdkhdeflO]qsh]k Adkhde Khmj hr
jmnvkdcfd hm sgd rs]mc]qc rdmrd-

2-2 Pt‘mstl Rs‘sdr ‘mc sgd E‘bshuhsx ne Jmnvkdcfd

@esdq sghr dohrsdlnknfhb]k hmsqnctbshnm) kds tr qdstqm sn ntq l]hm snohb9 sgd hmsdqoqd,
s]shnm ne pt]mstl rs]sdr- Bntkc sgdx qdoqdrdms sgd ldqd nardqudq|r jmnvkdcfd= Hm
khfgs ne ntq nardqu]shnm sg]s jmnvkdcfd hr rs]mc]qckx qdf]qcdc ]r e]bshud) hs hr che,
“btks sn l]jd rdmrd ne rtbg ] bk]hl- He ] rs]sd qdoqdrdmsr ]m nardqudq ]r jmnvhmf sg]s
o) sgdm hs sgdqdax hlokhbhskx qdoqdrdmsr sgd qd]khsx ]r adhmf rtbg sg]s o hr sgd b]rd-
Sgdqd hr ] bnlokhb]shnm gdqd ]qhrhmf eqnl sgd e]bs sg]s pt]mstl rs]sdr) he hmsdqoqdsdc
dohrsdlhb]kkx) cn mns qdoqdrdms etkk adkhder ats q]sgdq o]qsh]k adkhder) ]mc jmnvkdcfd
hr trt]kkx tmcdqrsnnc ]r ] etkk adkhde r]shrexhmf bdqs]hm ]cchshnm]k bnmchshnmr- Sghr
bnlokhb]shnm cndr mns bg]mfd sgd drrdmbd ne lx naidbshnm) ats hs l]jdr hs sdbgmh,
b]kkx lnqd bg]kkdmfhmf sn dwoqdrr-
Bnmrhcdq ] pt]mstl rxrsdl P) ] pt]mstl rs]sd ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg ] oqna]ahkhsx
chrsqhatshnm nudq () ]mc ]m nardqudq R vgnrd o]qsh]k adkhder ]ants vghbg rs]sd P hr
hm ]qd qdoqdrdmsdc ax - Sgd k]rs ]rrtloshnm ld]mr sg]s enq ]mx ∈ ) ]rrhfmr sn
oqna]ahkhsx rp) = hü R|r cdfqdd ne adkhde sg]s P hr hm sgd rs]sd hr -01 Cdmnsd

00
Hm sgd b]rd ne hm“mhsd ) vd mddc sn bnmrhcdq sgd oqna]ahkhsx cdmrhsx hmrsd]c ne sgd oqna]ahkhsx be-
ennsmnsd 5(-
01
Nmd lhfgs ad rtrohbhntr ]ants sgd hcd] sg]s pt]mstl rs]sdr b]m qdoqdrdms ntq o]qsh]k adkhder ]ants
sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd ne ] rxrsdl) fhudm sg]s sgd ro]bd ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr hr mns rodbh“dc) rn vd cn mns
jmnv vg]s hs hr- Nmd b]m qdoqdrdms ]m ]fdms|r o]qsh]k adkhder ]r oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr nudq sgd noshnmr
sg]s sghr ]fdms hr ]v]qd ne) ats sghr lnud adbnldr ctahntr he sgd noshnmr ]qd tmjmnvm- Sghr lhfgs ad
bntmsdqdc ax r]xhmf sg]s vd ]qd hmsdqdrsdc hm sgd onrrhakd o]qsh]k adkhder ne onrrhakd ]fdmsr) mns hm sgd o]q,
sh]k adkhder ne ]bst]k ]fdmsr) ]mc pt]mstl rs]sdr bntkc qdoqdrdms sgd o]qsh]k adkhder ne gxonsgdshb]k ]fdmsr
odqg]or etstqd rbhdmshrsr( vgn jmnv sgd ro]bd ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr- Gnvdudq) hm sghr qd]chmf) sgd cda]sd
adbnldr ltbg kdrr qdkdu]ms enq sgd hmsdqoqds]shnm ne sgd oq]bshbd ne ]bst]k rbhdmshrsr vgn cn mns jmnv
sgd ro]bd ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr(- Hm sgd l]hm sdws) H rds sghr oqnakdl ]rhcd ]mc itrs bnmrhcdq ]fdmsr enq vgnl
hs l]jdr rdmrd sn r]x sg]s pt]mstl rs]sdr qdoqdrdms sgdhq o]qsh]k adkhder-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 8 ne 24 11

ax sgd rtards ne sg]s bnms]hmr ]kk ]mc nmkx dkdldmsr ne sn vghbg ]rrhfmr
] mnm,ydqn oqna]ahkhsx- Ax ntq Etkk AdkhdeflO]qsh]k Adkhde Khmj) hm rtbg ] b]rd R
adkhdudr hm sgd rdmrd ne g]uhmf ] etkk adkhde( sg]s P hr hm nmd ne sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf
sn ]mc hr mns hm ]mx rs]sd adknmfhmf sn - He sghr adkhde hr e]krd) sgdm vd b]m,
mns ]ssqhatsd jmnvkdcfd sn R- He sghr adkhde hr sqtd) sgdm vd b]m r]x sg]s R jmnvr sg]s
P hr hm nmd ne sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn ]mc hr mns hm ]mx rs]sd adknmfhmf sn
oqnuhcdc sg]s rnld ]cchshnm]k bnmchshnmr mdbdrr]qx enq jmnvkdcfd ]qd r]shr“dc: H
rds sghr hrrtd ]rhcd ]r hqqdkdu]ms enq ntq chrbtrrhnm(- Ntq ptdrshnm hr sgd enkknvhmf9 Hm
sghr ]rrdqshnm ]ants R|r jmnvkdcfd) cn vd trd sn ldqdkx qdoqdrdms R|r jmnvkdcfd
nq ]krn rnld o]qs ne( sgd ogxrhb]k qd]khsx= Sgd ]mrvdq hr) ]r ]kqd]cx nardqudc) sg]s
vd vntkc mns ad ]kknvdc sn ]rrdqs sg]s R jmnvr sg]s P hr hm nmd ne sgd rs]sdr adknmf,
hmf sn ]mc hr mns hm ]mx rs]sd adknmfhmf sn he hs v]r mns sgd b]rd sg]s P hr
hm nmd ne sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn ]mc hr mns hm ]mx rs]sd adknmfhmf sn -02
Sgdqdenqd) hm sgd ]rrdqshnm ]ants R|r jmnvkdcfd) vd trd hm svn v]xr9 “qrs) dwokhb,
hskx) hm ntq rs]sdldms sg]s R jmnvr sg]s P hr hm nmd ne sgd rs]sdr sg]s ]qd hm sgd rtoonqs
ne sgd oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg ]mc) rdbnmc) hlokhbhskx) hm ntq oqd,
rtoonrhshnm sg]s P hr hmcddc hm nmd ne sgd rs]sdr sg]s ]qd hm sgd rtoonqs ne sgd oqna,
]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg - Hm sgd rs]sdldms) vd hmsdqoqds dohrsdlhb]kkx
h-d-) ]r qdoqdrdmshmf adkhder ne sgd nardqudq() ats hm sgd oqdrtoonrhshnm) vd hmsdqoqds
nmshb]kkx h-d-) ]r qdoqdrdmshmf rnldsghmf ]ants sgd ogxrhb]k qd]khsx(- Vd b]mmns
l]jd sghr rs]sdldms vhsgnts l]jhmf sghr oqdrtoonrhshnm tmkdrr vd qdidbs sgd e]bshu,
hsx ne jmnvkdcfd() vghbg ld]mr sg]s vd b]mmns trd hm ]m dohrsdlhb v]x vhsgnts
trhmf hs ]krn hm ]m nmshb v]x-
Sgdqdenqd) he ] pt]mstl rs]sd hr dohrsdlhb hm sgd rdmrd ne Cde- 0) sgdm hs hr ]krn
nmshb hm sgd rdmrd ne sghr cd“mhshnm- @ rhlhk]q ats vd]jdq( bnmmdbshnm gnkcr hm sgd
nsgdq chqdbshnm- @rrtld sg]s qdoqdrdmsr sgd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl P h-d-) hs hr nmshb(
]mc sg]s) hm oqhmbhokd) hs hr onrrhakd enq rnld nardqudq R sn jmnv sg]s sghr hr sgd b]rd-
Sgdm) sn qdoqdrdms R|r onrrhakd( jmnvkdcfd ]ants sgd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl) vd mddc sn
trd sgd rs]sd ]f]hm- Sgdqdenqd) he ] pt]mstl rs]sd hr nmshb hm sgd rdmrd ne Cde- 0 ]mc)
hm oqhmbhokd) hr jmnv]akd) sgdm hs hr dohrsdlhb hm sgd rdmrd ne sghr cd“mhshnm vghbg)
sn qdb]kk) hr vd]j hm sgd rdmrd sg]s hs hcdmsh“dr dohrsdlhb rs]sdr ]r sgnrd sg]s b_m qdo,
qdrdms onrrhakd adkhder(- Sgd bnmmdbshnm gdqd hr vd]jdq sg]m sgd nmd drs]akhrgdc hm
sgd oqduhntr o]q]fq]og adb]trd hs hr mns etkkx tmhudqr]k”hs cndr mns gnkc enq nmshb
rs]sdr sg]s b]mmns ad jmnvm dudm hm oqhmbhokd: ats pt]mstl rs]sdr ]qd ]rrtldc sn ad
jmnv]akd) rn sghr qdrsqhbshnm hr hqqdkdu]ms enq tr- Sgdqdenqd) ]mx pt]mstl rs]sd hr ansg
nmshb ]mc dohrsdlhb hm sgd rdmrd ne Cde- 0”sg]s hr) hs b]m qdoqdrdms sgd ogxrhb]k rs]sd
ne sgd rxrsdl ]mc sgd nardqudq|r jmnvkdcfd ]ants sghr rs]sd- Sghr hlokhdr sg]s Cder-
0 ]mc 1 b]mmns bnhmbhcd adb]trd) hm sgd k]ssdq) ‘nmshb• ]mc ‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr ]qd svn
chrinhms bk]rrdr ne rs]sdr-

02
Ne bntqrd) vd bntkc ad lhrs]jdm gdqd: sg]s hr) vd b]m l]jd ]m ]rrdqshnm ]ants R|r jmnvkdcfd adb]trd
vd adkhdud vqnmfkx sg]s P hr hm nmd ne sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn ]mc hr mns hm ]mx rs]sd adknmfhmf sn
- Hm sghr b]rd) ntq ]rrdqshnm ne R|r jmnvkdcfd vntkc itrs ad e]krd- Gnvdudq) hm sgd l]hm sdws) H
l]jd ] oqdrtoonrhshnm sg]s sgd ]ssqhatshnm ne jmnvkdcfd sn R hr bnqqdbs-

02
 11 O‘fd 0/ ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

Hr sgdqd ]mx v]x enq sgd oqnonmdmsr ne GR|r cd“mhshnm ne ‘nmshb• ]mc ‘dohrsdlhb•
rs]sdr sn ]unhc sghr ]qftldms= @m nauhntr lnud hr sn s]kj ]ants ldqd adkhder) vhsg,
nts oqdrtoonrhmf ]mxsghmf ]ants sgdhq sqtsg u]ktdr- Gnvdudq) GR|r cd“mhshnm ne
‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr rddlr sn oqdrtoonrd sg]s vd g]ud sn ad cd]khmf vhsg sqtd adkhder)
mns itrs ]mx adkhder- He vd ]kknvdc sqd]shmf pt]mstl rs]sdr ]r qdoqdrdmshmf ansg o]q,
sh]k adkhder sg]s ]rrhfm mnm,ydqn oqna]ahkhsx sn sgd ]bst]k bnlokdsd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl
]mc o]qsh]k adkhder sg]s ]rrhfm ydqn oqna]ahkhsx sn sgd ]bst]k rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl) sghr
vntkc tmcdqlhmd GR|r q]shnm]kd adghmc cd“mhmf ‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr ]r g]uhmf nudq,
k]oohmf rtoonqsr adb]trd) sgdm) svn pt]mstl rs]sdr vhsg chrinhms rtoonqsr bntkc qdo,
qdrdms o]qsh]k adkhder ]ants sgd ]bst]k rs]sd ne sgd r]ld rxrsdl ne svn chüdqdms ]fdmsr
]r vd cn mns qdpthqd sgd ]bst]k bnlokdsd rs]sd sn ad hm sgd rtoonqsr ne ansg ne sgdl-

2-3 Sgd L‘rr Dw‘lokd

Sn hkktrsq]sd sgd hqqdkdu]mbd ne sgd chrshmbshnm adsvddm rs]sdr vhsg nudqk]oohmf ]mc
mnm,nudqk]oohmf rtoonqsr enq sgd hrrtd ne sgdhq adhmf nmshb nq dohrsdlhb) kds tr bnm,
rhcdq sgd enkknvhmf rhlokd dw]lokd- Rtoonrd vd ]qd hmudrshf]shmf sgd l]rrdr ne
naidbsr- Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf sgqdd rdsr ne onrrhakd l]rr rs]sdr vgdqd sgd rta,
rbqhos ‘L• rs]mcr enq l]rr(9

· = + :
· M { (]k g,4 8 g,…4 ]8 g,4 1 g,…4 ]1 g,4 2 g,…4 } :
· M { (]k g,4 1 g,…4 ]5 g,4 2 g,…4 ]6 g,4 g,…4 } -

Trhmf GR|r sdqlhmnknfx) nmd rgntkc r]x sg]s sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn ]qd bnl,
okdsd sgdrd ]qd sgd dw]bs l]rrdr ne naidbsr) vghbg ]qd dwoqdrrdc ax qd]k mtladqr()
vgdqd]r sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn M ]mc M ]qd hmbnlokdsd- Etqsgdqlnqd) sgd rs]sdr
adknmfhmf sn M cn mns nudqk]o) vgdqd]r rnld ne sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn M cn
nudqk]o) vghbg ld]mr sg]s sgd enqldq rgntkc ad qdf]qcdc ]r ‘nmshb•) vgdqd]r sgd k]s,
sdq rgntkc ad qdf]qcdc ]r ‘dohrsdlhb• hm GR|r rdmrd-03
Mnv) sgd ptdrshnm adbnldr sgd enkknvhmf9 @qd vd vhkkhmf sn r]x sg]s sgdqd hr
] etmc]ldms]k lds]ogxrhb]k chüdqdmbd adsvddm sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn M ]mc
sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn M = Sghr rddlr ] udqx hlok]trhakd uhdv enq sgd enkknvhmf
qd]rnmr-
Ehqrs) ]mx rs]sd adknmfhmf sn dhsgdq M nq M b]m ad trdc sn qdoqdrdms ansg ] l]rr
ne ] ogxrhb]k naidbs ]mc ]m nardqudq|r jmnvkdcfd ]ants sg]s l]rr- He sgd l]rr ne ]m
naidbs g]oodmr sn adknmf sn ] fhudm hmsdqu]k hm M nq M ) sgdm sghr hmsdqu]k qdoqd,
rdmsr sgd ]bst]k l]rr ne sg]s naidbs ]kadhs hm ]m hloqdbhrd v]x(- He rnld nardqudq
jmnvr ]ants sghr) sgdm sgd r]ld rs]sd qdoqdrdmsr sg]s nardqudq|r jmnvkdcfd-
Rdbnmc) sgdqd hm mn chüdqdmbd hm naidbshuhsx adsvddm M ]mc M 9 hs hr mns sgd b]rd
sg]s rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn M ]qd rtaidbshud hm rnld rdmrd hm vghbg sgd dkdldmsr ne M

03
Sgdqd ]qd mn oqna]ahkhshdr gdqd) vghbg l]jdr sghr dw]lokd d]rhdq sn fq]ro hmsthshudkx) ats ]s sgd r]ld
shld) adb]trd ne sghr) hs lhfgs rddl snn chrrhlhk]q sn sgd pt]mstl ldbg]mhb]k b]rd hm vghbg vd ]qd hmsdq,
drsdc- Sn ]unhc sghr naidbshnm) vd b]m itrs ]rrtld sg]s sgd dkdldmsr ne M ]mc M ]qd tmhenql oqna]ahk,
hsx chrsqhatshnmr nudq sgd hmsdqu]k ne qd]k mtladqr hmrsd]c ne adhmf sgd hmsdqu]k hsrdke-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 00 ne 24 11

]qd mns- He sgd l]rr ne sgd naidbs hr 2-4 jf) sgdm hs hr naidbshudkx sqtd sg]s hsr l]rr hr
adsvddm / ]mc 3 jf rn hs b]m ad cdrbqhadc ax sgd “qrs rs]sd hm M () ats hs hr mn kdrr
naidbshudkx sqtd sg]s hs hr adsvddm 0 jf ]mc 4 jf) ]r vdkk ]r adsvddm 1 jf ]mc 5 jf)
]mc rn nm rn hs b]m ]krn ad cdrbqhadc ax ]mx ne sgd “qrs entq rs]sdr hm M (- Fhudm sgd
dw]bs l]rr 2-4 jf) hs enkknvr ax otqd l]sgdl]shbr sn vghbg hmsdqu]kr sghr l]rr u]ktd
adknmfr-
Sghqc) hqqdrodbshud ne vgdsgdq vd trd rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn M nq M ) vd vhkk qdo,
qdrdms sgd l]rr ne sgd naidbs ]r adknmfhmf sn ] bdqs]hm hmsdqu]k ne kdmfsg 3- Sgdqd,
enqd) bg]mfhmf eqnl M sn M cndr mns hmbqd]rd ntq oqdbhrhnm- He ntq hmsthshnm v]r
sg]s nmkx etkkx oqdbhrd oqnodqshdr cdrdqud sn ad b]kkdc nmshb be- Rdbs- 2-6() sgdm sghr
vntkc mns dm]akd tr sn ]ssqhatsd chüdqdms nmsnknfhb]k rs]strdr sn M ]mc M 9 sgd dkd,
ldmsr ne ansg ]qd dpt]kkx hloqdbhrd-
Entqsg) ]mnsgdq nauhntr nars]bkd enq sqd]shmf sgd svn rdsr ]r g]uhmf lds]ogxrh,
b]kkx chüdqdms rs]strdr hr sgd e]bs sg]s M hr ] rtards ne M - Cn sgd rs]sdr adknmfhmf
sn M bd]rd sn qdoqdrdms qd]khsx vgdmdudq sghr rds hr dwsdmcdc sn M = Sghr rntmcr
q]sgdq ]artqc-

2-4 Rnld Naidbshnmr sn sgd L‘rr Dw‘lokd

Hm sghr rdbshnm) H chrbtrr entq naidbshnmr sn lx l]rr dw]lokd oqdrdmsdc hm Rdbs- 2-3

sg]s ]ssdlos sn tmcdqlhmd dhsgdq hsr hmsdqm]k ]cdpt]bx nq qdkdu]mbd enq sgd ]rrdrr,
ldms ne sgd pt]mstl b]rd-
Sgd “qrs naidbshnm hr sg]s H g]ud trdc ]qahsq]qhkx cd“mdc rdsr ne rs]sdr sn l]jd lx
onhms) ats sgd rdsr vd ]bst]kkx trd d-f-) hm pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr( ]qd mns bgnrdm ]s
vhkk) ]mc sgdhq bgnhbd hr ] qdrtks ne ] bnmfknldq]sd ne dwodqhldms]k ]mc sgdnqdshb]k
bnmrhcdq]shnmr- He rtbg bnmrhcdq]shnmr sgd naidbshnm lhfgs fn( kd]c sn ] rds ne mnm,
nudqk]oohmf rs]sdr) sghr bntkc ad nmkx adb]trd vd ]qd ‘btsshmf m]stqd ]s sgd inhmsr•
]mc ]qd qdud]khmf rnld naidbshud chrshmbshnmr hm ogxrhb]k qd]khsx hsrdke-
Sn rdd vgx sghr hr mns sqtd) kds tr qdstqm sn ntq l]rr dw]lokd- Rtoonrd vd g]ud ]
vdhfghmf rb]kd vhsg vdhfgsr ne 3 jf d]bg- Sgd rb]kd g]r svn ]qlr- Vd ots sgd naidbs
vgnrd l]rr vd v]ms sn ld]rtqd nm sgd kdes ]ql ]mc nmd vdhfgs nm sgd qhfgs ]ql- He
sgd kdes ]ql hr ]anud sgd qhfgs ]ql) vd jmnv sg]s sgd naidbs g]r ] l]rr adsvddm / jf
]mc 3 jf- He sgd kdes ]ql hr adknv sgd qhfgs ]ql) vd ots ]mnsgdq vdhfgs nm sgd qhfgs
]ql- He mnv sgd kdes ]ql hr adknv sgd qhfgs ]ql) vd jmnv sg]s sgd naidbs g]r ] l]rr
adsvddm 3 jf ]mc 7 jf- He mns) sgdm vd ots xds ]mnsgdq vdhfgs nm sgd qhfgs ]ql ]mc
rn enqsg- Vd qdod]s sgd oqnbdctqd tmshk sgd kdes ]ql hr ]anud sgd qhfgs ]ql- Sgd rs]sdr
vd b]m cdsdbs hm sghr v]x ]qd oqdbhrdkx sgd dkdldmsr ne M - Gnvdudq) sghr cndr mns
ld]m sg]s vd g]ud qdud]kdc rnld cddo chuhrhnm hm sgd m]stqd ne l]rr) m]ldkx sg]s
l]rrdr bnld hm bgtmjr ne 3 jf d]bg- Hmrsd]c) sghr hr ] qdrtks ne ntq ]bbhcdms]k dohr,
sdlhb bnmrsq]hmsr”sgd ld]rtqdldms cduhbd sg]s hr ]u]hk]akd sn tr b]m cdsdbs nmkx
sgdrd rs]sdr- Sghr hkktrsq]sdr sg]s sgd rs]sdr sg]s vd ]bst]kkx trd b]m ad mnm,nudqk]o,
ohmf enq q]sgdq dohrsdlhb qd]rnmr-
Sghr cndr mns ld]m ne bntqrd( sg]s sgd dkdldmsr ne M rgntkc ad qdf]qcdc ]r
ldqdkx dohrsdlhb rs]sdr- Sgdx b]m qdud]k rnldsghmf ]ants sgd l]rr ne sgd naidbs
vd ]qd hmudrshf]shmf”m]ldkx) hsr ]bst]k u]ktd vhsg ] fhudm oqdbhrhnm- Sgd dkdldmsr

02
 11 O‘fd 01 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

ne M b]m ad trdc sn qdoqdrdms ntq jmnvkdcfd sg]s ] ogxrhb]k naidbs g]r ] l]rr
adsvddm / jf ]mc 3 jf nq adsvddm 3 jf ]mc 7 jf ]mc rn nm() ats ]krn sn qdoqdrdms
sgd naidbs hsrdke g]uhmf rtbg ] u]ktd ne l]rr- @mc sgd r]ld) lts_shr lts_mchr) hr
sqtd enq M -
Sgd rdbnmc naidbshnm hr sg]s sgd l]rr dw]lokd hr hm]cdpt]sd adb]trd hs hmunkudr
nmkx nmd oqnodqsx ]mc GR|r hcd] hr sg]s pt]mstl rs]sdr b]ostqd rnld oqnodqshdr ne
sgd rxrsdl) vgdqd]r nsgdq oqnodqshdr he sgdqd ]qd ]mx( ]qd b]ostqdc ax sgd ghccdm
u]qh]akdr) rn bnmrhcdqhmf ltkshokd oqnodqshdr hr drrdmsh]k- Hm qdronmrd) kds tr nardqud
sg]s GR ]rrtld nmkx sg]s pt]mstl rs]sdr ]qd oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr nudq )
vgdqd]r oqnodqshdr cn mns dmsdq sgdhq enql]k eq]ldvnqj- Sgdqdenqd) ]kk ntq ]m]kxrdr
enq sgd l]rr b]rd b]qqx nudq rsq]hfgsenqv]qckx sn sgd b]rd vhsg ltkshokd oqnodqshdr:
sgd nmkx chüdqdmbd hr sg]s mnv sgd dkdldmsr ne ]qd m,stokdr ne qd]k mtladqr) ]mc
sgd dkdldmsr ne rdsr M ]mc M ]qd rdsr ne rtbg m,stokdr ats be- Rdbs- 2-6 enq lnqd
nm sgd snohb ne ltkshokd oqnodqshdr(-
Sgd sghqc naidbshnm rtffdrsdc sn ld ax ]m ]mnmxlntr qduhdvdq( hr sg]s) hm sgd
b]rd ne hmdw]bs u]ktd ]ssqhatshnmr rtbg ]r sgd l]rr dw]lokd hm Rdbs- 2-3 ]mc sgd jdxr
dw]lokd hm Rdbs- 2-5() vd rgntkc mns ]rrdqs jmnvkdcfd bk]hlr adb]trd sgd e]bshuhsx
oqnodqsx vntkc sgdm qdpthqd tr sn ]bbdos chritmbshud e]bsr- Sn hkktrsq]sd sghr sgdrhr)
sgd enkknvhmf dw]lokd hr hmunjdc9 Rtoonrd sg]s H jmnv sg]s lx rhrsdq hr dhsgdq hm
Hmcnmdrh] nq B]lanch]) ats H cn mns jmnv hm vghbg ne sgdrd bntmsqhdr rgd hr knb]sdc:
sgdm) hm e]bs) H cn mns g]ud jmnvkdcfd ne vgdqd lx rhrsdq hr: bk]hlhmf nsgdqvhrd
vntkc bnllhs tr sn ]bbdoshmf ] chritmbshud e]bs gdq adhmf dhsgdq hm Hmcnmdrh] nq
B]lanch]() vghbg hr ]artqc adb]trd rgd hr mns ‘rld]qdc nts•”rgd hr knb]sdc ]s
dw]bskx nmd ok]bd-
Hm qdronmrd) kds ld “qrs nardqud sg]s sgd oqnonrdc uhdv nm jmnvkdcfd vntkc ad
tmtrt]kkx qdrsqhbshud- Hm bnmsdlonq]qx dohrsdlnknfx) sgd nodq]snqr rtbg ]r ‘R jmnvr
sg]s---• nq ‘H jmnv sg]s---• ]qd sxohb]kkx qdf]qcdc ]r ]ookhb]akd sn ]mx oqnonrhshnm) vghbg
ld]mr sg]s enq ]mx oqnonrhshnm o) nmd b]m rdmrhakx ]rj vgdsgdq rnldnmd jmnvr sg]s o-
Sghr hmbktcdr oqnonrhshnmr sg]s g]ud sgd knfhb]k enql ne ] chritmbshnm) ]mc) lnqd fdmdq,
]kkx) ]kk oqnonrhshnmr vgnrd bnmsdmsr ]qd mns etkkx oqdbhrd- Gnvdudq) sgd uhdv oqnonrdc
hm sgd btqqdmskx chrbtrrdc naidbshnm hr sg]s sgd jmnvkdcfd nodq]snqr rgntkc ad ]ookhb],
akd nmkx sn oqnonrhshnmr sg]s ]rrhfm ]m dw]bs u]ktd ne rnld oqnodqsx dudm he vd cn mns
v]ms sn r]x sg]s H jmnv sg]s lx rhrsdq hr dhsgdq hm Hmcnmdrh] nq B]lanch]) _ enqshnqh) vd
vntkc mns v]ms sn r]x sg]s H cn mns jmnv sg]s lx rhrsdq hr dhsgdq hm Hmcnmdrh] nq B]l,
anch]) rn vd mddc sn bnmbktcd sg]s sgd nodq]snq ‘H jmnv sg]s---• hr mns ]ookhb]akd sn o
; ‘lx rhrsdq hr dhsgdq hm Hmcnmdrh] nq B]lanch]•(- Sghr rddlr ]m tmo]q]kkdkdc qdrsqhb,
shnm ne jmnvkdcfd nodq]snqr- Hs hr dudm lnqd e]q,qd]bghmf sg]m hs rddlr ]s “qrs fk]mbd-
Sn rgnv sghr) kds ld cdudkno sgd dw]lokd vhsg lx rhrsdq etqsgdq9 @rrtld sg]s rgd hr hm
e]bs hm B]lanch] ]mc H kd]qmdc sghr eqnl gdq d,l]hk ] lnldms ]fn) rn mnv H jmnv sg]s
rgd hr hm B]lanch]- Sghr knnjr “md adb]trd ‘lx rhrsdq hr hm B]lanch]• cndr mns g]ud
sgd knfhb]k enql ne ] chritmbshnm- Gnvdudq) sghr hr rshkk mns ] oqdbhrd oqnodqsx rhmbd lx
rhrsdq hr ltbg rl]kkdq sg]m B]lanch]) rn sgd sqtsg ne sgd oqnonrhshnm ‘lx rhrsdq hr hm
B]lanch]• hr bnmrhrsdms vhsg udqx l]mx dw]bs knb]shnmr ne lx rhrsdq- Hm rnld rdmrd)
sghr oqnonrhshnm hr ] ghccdm chritmbshnm ‘lx rhrsdq hr hm B]lanch]• ; ‘lx rhrsdq hr hm
Ogmnl Odmg nq hm Rhdl Qd]o nq---•) vgdqd) hm sghr qdenqltk]shnm) ]mx chritmbs hr hsrdke
] knmf chritmbshnm(- Sgdqdenqd) r]xhmf sg]s H jmnv sg]s lx rhrsdq hr hm B]lanch] hr rshkk

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 02 ne 24 11

mns ]bbtq]sd he vd enkknv sgd khmd ne qd]rnmhmf rtffdrsdc hm sgd naidbshnm9 ‘H jmnv sg]s
lx rhrsdq hr hm W• vntkc ad vdkk,enqldc nmkx he W hr ] cdrbqhoshnm ne gdq onrrhakd( dw]bs
knb]shnm- Gnvdudq) trhmf rtbg ] qdrsqhbshud uhdv nm jmnvkdcfd) vd vntkc mddc sn bnm,
bktcd sg]s vd mdudq nq ]klnrs mdudq jmnv ]mxsghmf- Rnld oghknrnogdqr vntkc dmcnqrd
sghr bnmbktrhnm) ats hs hr rtqdkx qduhrhnm]qx vhsg qdrodbs sn sgd bnllnm v]x ne trhmf
sgd vnqc ‘jmnvkdcfd•-
Sgd lnud sg]s g]r addm trdc sn lnshu]sd sghr qdrsqhbshnm hr sn ]rj hm sgd nqhfhm]k
dw]lokd vhsg lx rhrsdq( vgdsgdq H jmnv vgdqd rgd hr knb]sdc- Sn rtbg ] ptdrshnm) sgd
chritmbshud ]mrvdq lhfgs rddl tmr]shre]bsnqx- Gnvdudq) sg]mjr sn sgd aqn]c ]ookhb]ahk,
hsx ne jmnvkdcfd nodq]snqr) nmd b]m qd]rnm]akx ]rj ]mnsgdq ptdrshnm9 Hr hs sgd b]rd sg]s
H jmnv sg]s lx rhrsdq hr dhsgdq hm Hmcnmdrh] nq B]lanch]= H rdd mn nars]bkdr sn ]mrvdq,
hmf sghr ptdrshnm hm sgd ]ffql]shud- Sghr cndr mns ld]m sg]s lx rhrsdq hr ‘rld]qdc nts•
adb]trd ‘adhmf rld]qdc nts• hr mns sgd ld]mhmf ne sgd bk]rrhb]k chritmbshnm- Pthsd sgd
bnmsq]qx) sgd bk]rrhb]k chritmbshnm qdpthqdr sg]s ]s kd]rs nmd ne sgd chritmbsr ltrs ad sqtd
enq sgd vgnkd chritmbshnm sn ad sqtd) rn lx rhrsdq ]r _ vgnkd ltrs ad knb]sdc hm nmd ne
sgdrd bntmsqhdr sn l]jd sqtd sgd oqnonrhshnm sg]s rgd hr dhsgdq hm Hmcnmdrh] nq B]lanch]-
Vg]s ]ants sgd chritmbshud e]bsr) sgdm= @qd vd enqbdc sn ]clhs sgdl hm ntq nmsnk,
nfx he vd ]bbdos sgd tmqdrsqhbsdc ]ookhb]ahkhsx ne jmnvkdcfd nodq]snqr ]mc sgd e]bshu,
hsx ne jmnvkdcfd= Sghr hr mns pthsd bkd]q sn ld adb]trd sgd ]bbdos]mbd ne ansg ne sgd
ldmshnmdc ]rrtloshnmr hr bnllnm) vgdqd]r sgd ]bbdos]mbd ne chritmbshud e]bsr hr mns-
Hm sgd sgdnqx ne sqtsgl]jdqr) vghbg bnmrhcdqr vg]s jhmcr ne e]bsr l]jd sqtd u]qhntr
jhmcr ne oqnonrhshnmr) chritmbshud oqnonrhshnmr ]qd nesdm qdf]qcdc ]r l]cd sqtd mns ax
chritmbshud e]bsr) ats ax sgd e]bsr dwoqdrrdc ax rnld ne sgdhq chritmbsr rdd) d-f-) Ltk,
khf]m ds ]k- 0873) o- 203: be- ]krn L]bAqhcd 1/10(- Gnvdudq) sghr cndr mns l]jd sgdrd
oqnonrhshnmr adhmf ]ants ntq jmnvkdcfd hmrsd]c ne adhmf ]ants qd]khsx: sgdx ]qd l]cd
sqtd ax sgd e]bsr hm sgd vnqkc) mns ax sgd e]bsr ]ants sgd ]fdmsr ]rrdqshmf sgdl- @mnsgdq
]ooqn]bg lhfgs ad sn ]bbdos chritmbshud e]bsr ]r qd]k ats mnm,etmc]ldms]k be- sgd k]rs
o]q]fq]og hm Rdbs- 2-6(-
Ehm]kkx) ]mc lnrs hlonqs]mskx) nmd rgntkc ]rj vgdsgdq sgd oqnonrdc qdrsqhbshud uhdv
nm jmnvkdcfd vntkc gdko itrshex GR|r chrshmbshnm adsvddm ‘nmshb• ]mc ‘dohrsdlhb•
rs]sdr- H sghmj sg]s sgd noonrhsd hr sgd b]rd9 he vd qdrsqhbs sgd vnqc ‘jmnvkdcfd• nmkx sn
sgd b]rdr vgdqd sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne rnld oqnodqsx hr jmnvm) sgdm ] adkhde sg]s ] rxrsdl
hr hm ] rs]sd ) vgdqd hr ‘dohrsdlhb• hm GR|r rdmrd) b]mmns tmcdq ]mx bhqbtlrs]mbdr
pt]khex ]r jmnvkdcfd adb]trd rtbg hr bnmrhrsdms vhsg l]mx bnlokdsd rs]sdr- Dudm
‘nmshb• rs]sdr ]qd mns ft]q]msddc sn b]ostqd sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne rnld oqnodqsx ax sgdhq
cd“mhshnm ]knmd rdd Rdbs- 2-6() _ enqshnqh sghr bnmbdqmr ‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr- Sgdqdenqd)
hs rddlr sg]s sgd oqnonrdc cdedmrd ne GR|r sdqlhmnknfx dudmst]kkx tmcdqlhmdr hs) dudm
sgntfg hm ] chüdqdms v]x sg]m lx nqhfhm]k qd]rnmhmf-
Kds ld mnv stqm sn sgd entqsg ]mc sgd k]rs naidbshnm bnmbdqmhmf sgd l]rr dw]lokd
a]rdc nm lx chrbtrrhnm vhsg Rsdogdm Kddcr) ]ksgntfg gd chc mns enqltk]sd hs hm
dw]bskx sgdrd vnqcr(- GR|r qd]rnmhmf enq sgd dohrsdlhb m]stqd ne ‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr
lhfgs ad qdbnmrsqtbsdc ]r enkknvr9 Fhudm sgd ldsgnc ne oqdo]q]shnm) sgd pt]mstl
rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl hr tmhptdkx cdsdqlhmdc: sgdqdenqd) he sgd r]ld hr bnlo]shakd
vhsg svn chüdqdms pt]mstl rs]sdr) sgdqd ltrs ad rnld e]bsnq ]cchshnm]k sn sg]s
cdsdqlhmdr vghbg rs]sd sgd rxrsdl hr hm: rhmbd sghr e]bsnq cndr mns bnld eqnl ]mc
hr ] bnlokdsd rs]sd h-d-) sgdqd hr mn ogxrhb]k hmenql]shnm ]ants sgd rxrsdl sg]s

02
 11 O‘fd 03 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

hr mns b]ostqdc ax () sghr e]bsnq b]mmns ad nmshb”rn hs ltrs ad ntq jmnvkdcfd-

Sghr tmhptdmdrr ne sgd ]rrhfmldms ne ] rs]sd hr mns rg]qdc ax sgd l]rr dw]lokd: enq
hmrs]mbd) ]m naidbs ne ] l]rr ne 2 jf b]m ad ]rbqhadc ]mx ne sgd enkknvhmf DL rs]sdr9
/ jf) 3 jfZ) 0 jf) 4 jfZ ]mc 1 jf) 5 jfZ- Sgdqdenqd) sgd l]rr dw]lokd hr chr]m]kn,
fntr sn sgd pt]mstl b]rd hm sgd ]rodbs sg]s hr bqtbh]k enq sgd ]anud qd]rnmhmf-
H sghmj sg]s he sgd GR|r ]qftldms enq sgd dohrsdlhb m]stqd ne sgdhq ‘dohrsdlhb•
rs]sdr hr tmcdqrsnnc ]r hm sgd ]anud o]q]fq]og) sgdm hsr vd]jdrs onhms hr sgd lnud
eqnl sgd pt]mstl rs]sd mns adhmf tmhptdkx cdsdqlhmdc ax sn sgd dohrsdlhb m]stqd
ne sgd ]cchshnm]k e]bsnq mddcdc sn cdsdqlhmd hs- Hm e]bs) sgd “qrs rsdo hm sghr qd]rnm,
hmf”m]ldkx) sgd nardqu]shnm sg]s sgd oqdo]q]shnm oqnbdctqd tmhptdkx cdsdqlhmdr
sgd pt]mstl rs]sd”rtffdrsr vg]s jhmc ne sghmf sghr ]cchshnm]k e]bsnq hr9 hs b]ostqdr
sgd v]x hm vghbg sgd rxrsdl g]r addm oqdo]qdc) vghbg hr ]m ]rodbs ne sgd ghrsnqx ne
sgd rxrsdl- Rhmbd sgd ghrsnqx ne sgd rxrsdl hr ]m naidbshud ogxrhb]k oqnbdrr) H rdd mn
qd]rnm enq qdf]qchmf sghr e]bsnq ]r dohrsdlhb- Sgdqdenqd) tmcdq sghr qd]chmf) ‘nmshb•
rs]sdr dmbncd rnld hmenql]shnm ]ants sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl ]s ] fhudm
lnldms() vgdqd]r ‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr hm ]cchshnm dmbncd rnld hmenql]shnm ]ants hsr
ghrsnqx vghbg hr mns b]ostqdc ax (- Sgd l]hm chüdqdmbd hr sg]s he pt]mstl rs]sdr
]qd ‘dohrsdlhb•) sgdm sgd r]ld b]m ad oqdo]qdc hm chüdqdms v]xr) vgdqd]r he sgdx
]qd ‘nmshb•) sgdm) enq d]bg ) sgdqd hr dw]bskx nmd v]x ne oqdo]qhmf sgd rxrsdl hm
sghr bnlokdsd rs]sd- Gnvdudq) sghr b]mmns ad ] a]rhr enq ]ssqhatshmf sn ‘nmshb• ]mc
‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr q]chb]kkx chüdqdms nmsnknfhb]k rs]str- Hs hr ]krn mns sgd b]rd sg]s
he chüdqdms odnokd jmdv chüdqdms sghmfr ]ants sgd rxrsdl) sgdm sgdx lhfgs ]ssqhatsd
sn hs chüdqdms pt]mstl rs]sdr9 dhsgdq nmd jmnvr gnv sgd rxrsdl g]r addm oqdo]qdc
]mc ]ssqhatsdr sn hs sgd pt]mstl rs]sd bnqqdbskx) nq nmd cndr mns jmnv sgd ldsgnc ne
oqdo]q]shnm) hm vghbg b]rd sg]s odqrnm ltrs qdl]hm ]fmnrshb ]ants sgd pt]mstl rs]sd
ne sghr rxrsdl-
Bnlhmf a]bj sn sgd l]rr dw]lokd) hs hr hmcddc chr]m]knfntr hm sg]s hs k]bjr sgd
qdedqdmbd sn sgd oqdo]q]shnm ne sgd rs]sd- Gnvdudq) sgd hlonqs]mbd ne sgd mnshnm ne
oqdo]q]shnm hr mns sg]s nauhntr9 he sgd bqhshbhrl ne sgd oqduhntr o]q]fq]og hr bnq,
qdbs) sgdm sgd ]ood]k sn sgd mnshnm ne oqdo]q]shnm cndr mns gdko hm itrshexhmf sg]s
‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr ]qd hmcddc dohrsdlhb- Sgd cd“mhshnm]k chüdqdmbd adsvddm
‘dohrsdlhb•.‘nmshb• rs]sdr bnmbdqmr sgdhq nudqk]oohmf.mnm,nudqk]oohmf rtoonqsr) ]mc
sghr chüdqdmbd hr oqdrdqudc hm sgd b]rd ne DL.NL- Hs hr ]krn hl]fhm]akd sg]s nmd b]m
]cc rnld oqnbdctqd sg]s l]jdr sgd bgnhbd ne ]m dkdldms ne DL tmhptd hm ] fhudm
bnmsdws ]mc ]bsr sqhuh]kkx nm sgd dkdldmsr ne NL(: hs rddlr hlok]trhakd sg]s sgd
]cchshnm ne rtbg ] oqnbdctqd vntkc bg]mfd sgd nmsnknfhb]k rs]str ne sgd dkdldmsr ne
NL ]mc DL-

2-5 Dohrsdlhb 'Hmenql‘shnm‘k Gnkdr„ hm Rs‘sdr ‘mc sgd Dohrsdlhb Bg‘mfdr

ne Rs‘sdr

Vd g]ud rddm sg]s rs]sdldmsr rtbg ]r ‘sgd pt]mstl rs]sd qdoqdrdmsr ldqd nardqudq|r
jmnvkdcfd• nq ‘sgd pt]mstl rs]sd hr ] qdoqdrdms]shnm ne ]m nardqudq|r jmnvkdcfd ne
qd]khsx q]sgdq sg]m qd]khsx hsrdke• ]qd oqnakdl]shb hm khfgs ne sgd e]bshuhsx ne jmnvk,
dcfd- @qd sgdqd ]mx bk]hlr hm sgd uhbhmhsx ne sgdrd sg]s ]qd lnqd qd]rnm]akd= H sghmj

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 04 ne 24 11

sgdqd ]qd ]s kd]rs svn- Dudm sgntfg nmd b]mmns r]x sg]s rnld rs]sd hr ldqdkx dohr,
sdlhb) nmd b]m qd]rnm]akx r]x sg]s rnld k]bj ne hmenql]shnm nq k]bj ne jmnvkdcfd(
hr ldqdkx dohrsdlhb nq sg]s rnld bg]mfd ne ] rs]sd hr ldqdkx dohrsdlhb- Kds tr knnj ]s
sgdrd hm stqm-
Vgdmdudq mnm,sqhuh]k h-d-) chüdqdms eqnl / ]mc 0( oqna]ahkhshdr ]qd trdc hm sgd
qdoqdrdms]shnm ne sgd ogxrhb]k rs]sd ne ]m hmchuhct]k rxrsdl) sgdqd hr rnld hmcdsdq,
lhm]sdmdrr hmunkudc) ]mc nmd b]m qd]rnm]akx ]rj9 Hr sgd ogxrhb]k qd]khsx hsrdke hmcd,
sdqlhm]sd hm ] fhudm qdrodbs nq hr sghr nmkx ntq k]bj ne jmnvkdcfd= Hs hr bnllnmkx
adkhdudc sg]s) hm sgd b]rd ne bk]rrhb]k rs]shrshb]k ldbg]mhbr) sgd k]ssdq gnkcr9 sgd
bk]rrhb]k o]qshbkdr g]ud oqdbhrd onrhshnmr ]mc lnldms]) ats vd cn mns jmnv sgdl-
Gnvdudq) sghr cndr mns ld]m sg]s sgd rs]sdr ne bk]rrhb]k rs]shrshb]k ldbg]mhbr qdoqd,
rdms ‘ldqd jmnvkdcfd• ]ants hmchuhct]k rxrsdlr”q]sgdq) sgdx qdoqdrdms sgd rs]sdr
ne ogxrhb]k o]qshbkdr hm sgd vnqkc) ]kadhs hm ]m hmbnlokdsd v]x-04 Vg]s hr ldqdkx
dohrsdlhb gdqd hr sgd ‘hmenql]shnm]k gnkd• hm sgd sgdnqdshb]k rs]sd) mns sgd onrhshud
hmenql]shnm]k bnmsdms ne hs- Sghr ‘hmenql]shnm]k gnkd• d-f-) sgd lhrrhmf hmenql]shnm
]ants sgd dw]bs onrhshnmr ]mc lnldms] hm sgd b]rd ne bk]rrhb]k rs]shrshb]k ldbg]mhbr(
cndr mns g]ud ]mx bntmsdqo]qs hm qd]khsx”sgd qd]k ogxrhb]k rs]sd g]r sghr gnkd ‘“kkdc
hm•) hs hr nmkx ] gnkd hm ntq jmnvkdcfd- Gnvdudq) sgd onrhshud hmenql]shnm]k bnmsdms
ne sgd rs]sd d-f-) sgd jmnvm hmenql]shnm ]ants onrhshnmr ]mc lnldms] hm sgd b]rd
ne bk]rrhb]k rs]shrshb]k ldbg]mhbr( hr mns ldqdkx ntq jmnvkdcfd) ats hs ]krn b]ostqdr
hmbnlokdsdkx( sgd qd]k ogxrhb]k rs]sd-05
Hs rgntkc ad bkd]q sg]s sghr rdmrd ne ‘ldqdkx dohrsdlhb• cndr mns tmcdqkhd sgd
chrshmbshnm adsvddm ‘dohrsdlhb• ]mc ‘nmshb• l]cd ax GR) ]r ]kk hmbnlokdsd rs]sdr
hmunkud rtbg hmenql]shnm]k gnkdr) mns nmkx ‘dohrsdlhb• nmdr- He pt]mstl rs]sdr g]ud
nudqk]oohmf rtoonqsr) sgdm sgdx b]mmns ad bnlokdsd)06 rn nudqk]oohmf rtoonqsr ]qd
hmchb]snqr ne dohrsdlhbhsx hm sgd rdmrd ne sgd oqdrdmbd ne dohrsdlhb hmenql]shnm]k
gnkdr) ats sghr hr mns GR|r hmsdmcdc ld]mhmf ne dohrsdlhbhsx- Rs]sdr vhsg mnm,nudq,
k]oohmf rtoonqsr b]m ]krn g]ud hmenql]shnm]k gnkdr be- M hm Rdbs- 2-3(-
Sgd rdbnmc sxod ne bk]hlr) bnmbdqmhmf sgd m]stqd ne sgd bg]mfdr ne rs]sdr) b]m ad
hkktrsq]sdc ax sgd enkknvhmf dw]lokd- @rrtld sg]s H jmnv enq rtqd sg]s lx jdxr ]qd
rnldvgdqd hm lx gntrd ]mc sg]s sghr gntrd b]m ad chuhcdc hmsn ] mtladq ne ok]bdr-

04
Sghr bk]hl lhfgs rddl sn ad hm bnmfihbs vhsg sgd dmrdlakd hmsdqoqds]shnm ne bk]rrhb]k rs]shrshb]k
ldbg]mhbr) ats hs hr qdbnmbhk]akd- He sgd oqna]ahkhshdr qdoqdrdms sgd qdk]shud eqdptdmbhdr ne sgd rs]sdr hm ]m
dmrdlakd) sgdm vg]s hr oqhl]qhkx qdoqdrdmsdc ax sgd oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm hr sg]s dmrdlakd) ats hmch,
uhct]k rxrsdlr ]qd ]krn qdoqdrdmsdc) dudm he hm ] cdqhu]shud v]x”m]ldkx) ]r adhmf hm nmd ne sgd rs]sdr
sg]s adknmf sn sgd rtoonqs ne sghr oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm- @r knmf ]r hs hr mns sgd b]rd sg]s sgd vgnkd rs]sd
ro]bd ne ]m hmchuhct]k rxrsdl hr hm sgd rtoonqs ne sgd oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm) sghr hr mnm,sqhuh]k hmenql],
shnm ]ants sgd hmchuhct]k rxrsdlr adknmfhmf sn sgd dmrdlakd-
05
Rnldshldr) hm sgd khsdq]stqd) nmd b]m dmbntmsdq rs]sdldmsr sg]s rnld rs]sdr qdoqdrdms nmkx ntq hfmn,
q]mbd- H sghmj sg]s rtbg ogq]rdr b]mmns ad qd]c khsdq]kkx ]r hfmnq]mbd hr rnldsghmf otqdkx mdf]shud vg]s
vd cn mns jmnv() rn rtbg ] rs]sd rgntkc ad nmkx sgd khrs ne sghmfr sg]s vd cn mns jmnv- Gnvdudq) hm e]bs)
] rs]sd rodbh“dr sgd sghmfr sg]s vd jmnv ]ants ] rxrsdl tmkdrr vd l]cd ] lhrs]jd ]mc ]ssqhatsdc sgd
vqnmf rs]sd sn sgd rxrsdl(”itrs ntq jmnvkdcfd g]oodmr sn ad hmbnlokdsd- Sgdqdenqd) ogq]rdr rtbg ]r
‘sghr rs]sd qdoqdrdmsr ntq hfmnq]mbd• ]qd ]bbdos]akd nmkx he qdf]qcdc ]r ]aaqduh]shnmr enq rnldsghmf rtbg
]r ‘sgd hmenql]shnm]k gnkd hm sghr rs]sd qdoqdrdmsr ntq hfmnq]mbd ]mc mns ]m naidbshud hmcdsdqlhm]sdmdrr•-
06
Sghr hr adb]trd) hm ,bnlokdsd lncdkr) dudqx pt]mstl rs]sd g]r dw]bskx nmd hm hsr rtoonqs vghbg hr
chüdqdms enq d]bg (-

02
 11 O‘fd 05 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

Sgd rds ne rtbg ok]bdr bknrdc tmcdq sgd tmhnm ]mc hmsdqrdbshnm( hr sgd rds ne onr,
rhakd rs]sdr ne lx jdxr- @qd sgdrd rs]sdr nmshb nq dohrsdlhb= @r vd rgntkc dwodbs)
sgdx ]qd ansg- Nm sgd nmd g]mc) sgdrd rs]sdr b]m qdoqdrdms sgd ]bst]k knb]shnm ne sgd
jdxr”] e]bs ]ants sgd ogxrhb]k qd]khsx- Nm sgd nsgdq g]mc) sgdx b]m qdoqdrdms lx
adkhder bnmbdqmhmf sgd knb]shnm ne lx jdxr-07 Sghr hr ] rxmbgqnmhb kdudk9 ]s ]mx fhudm
shld) sgd rs]sdr b]m qdoqdrdms ansg sgd knb]shnm ne lx jdxr ]mc lx adkhder bnmbdqm,
hmf sgdhq knb]shnm- Gnvdudq) sgdqd lhfgs ad ] chüdqdmbd ]s sgd ch]bgqnmhb kdudk) sg]s
hr) hm gnv sgd rs]sdr dunkud hm shld- Rtoonrd sg]s H v]jd to hm sgd lnqmhmf ]mc rs]qs
knnjhmf enq lx jdxr- Hmhsh]kkx) H g]ud mn hcd] vgdqd sgdx ]qd knb]sdc) rn lx adkhder
]qd qdoqdrdmsdc ax sgd rs]sd sg]s hr sgd tmhnm ne ]kk ok]bdr hm lx gntrd-  Gnvdudq)
vgdm H rs]qs bgdbjhmf ok]bd ax ok]bd) sgdm H dwbktcd lnqd ]mc lnqd ok]bdr ]r onrrh,
akd knb]shnmr ne lx jdxr- Lx adkhder bg]mfd”sgdx ]qd mn knmfdq qdoqdrdmsdc ax sgd
lnrs dmbnlo]rrhmf rs]sd: sgd bnmrdbtshud rs]sdr qdoqdrdmshmf lx adkhder bnqqdronmc
sn rl]kkdq ]mc rl]kkdq ok]bdr- Sgdqdenqd) sgd dohrsdlhb dunktshnm hr gdqd mnm,sqhuh]k-
Ld]mvghkd) ctqhmf sghr dmshqd oqnbdrr ne lx knnjhmf enq lx jdxr) sgd jdxr sgdl,
rdkudr rs]x vgdqdudq sgdx g]ud addm hmhsh]kkx- Sgdqdenqd) ]s kd]rs to sn sgd onhms vgdm
H “mc sgdl ]mc ohbj sgdl to) sgd nmshb dunktshnm hr sqhuh]k-
Hm sgd dw]lokd vhsg sgd jdxr) sgdqd hr ] bg]mfd hm lx adkhder vhsgnts ]mx bg]mfd
hm sgd qdkdu]ms ]rodbs ne sgd vnqkc h-d-) sgd ]bst]k rs]sd ne lx jdxr(-08 Gnvdudq)
sghr rgntkc mns ad bnmbdhudc ]r ] chüdqdmbd adsvddm svn sxodr ne rs]sdr adb]trd sgd
r]ld rds ne rs]sdr hr trdc sn qdoqdrdms sgd onrrhakd knb]shnmr ne lx jdxr ]mc lx onr,
rhakd adkhder ]ants sgd knb]shnm ne lx jdxr- Hs hr sgd bg]mfd ne rs]sdr sg]s b]m ad r]hc
sn ad ldqdkx dohrsdlhb gdqd) mns sgd rs]sdr sgdlrdkudr- Sgd r]ld hmsthshnm b]m ad
]ookhdc sn sgd b]rd ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr Rdbs- 2-7(-

07
Hs rgntkc ad rsqdrrdc sg]s sghr hr sqtd dudm enq bnlokdsd rs]sdr- @rrtld sg]s ey qdoqdrdmsr sgd ]bst]k
bnlokdsd( rs]sd hm vghbg lx jdxr ]qd- Sgdqdenqd) ey hr rtqdkx nmshb) ats hs hr ]krn dohrsdlhb9 he H jmnv
sg]s lx jdxr ]qd hm sgd rs]sd ey ) sgdm sn qdoqdrdms lx bnlokdsd( jmnvkdcfd ]ants sgd onrhshnm ne lx
jdxr) nmd rgntkc ]krn trd sgd r]ld rs]sd) ey - Sghr hr ] qdrtks ne gnv nmshb ]mc dohrsdlhb rs]sdr g]ud
addm cd“mdc hm Rdbs- 0 Cde- 0(9 ] sgdnqdshb]k rs]sd hr nmshb he hs b]m qdoqdrdms sgd onrrhakd( ogxrhb]k rs]sd
ne ] rxrsdl) vgdqd]r hs hr dohrsdlhb he hs b]m qdoqdrdms sgd onrrhakd( adkhder ne rnld nardqudq ]ants sgd
ogxrhb]k rs]sd ne ] rxrsdl- Sghr hr vgx dudm ] bnlokdsd rs]sd b]m ]krn ad dohrsdlhb”gnv dkrd bntkc vd
qdoqdrdms sgd odqedbs jmnvkdcfd ne ]m nardqudq he mns ax ld]mr ne ] bnlokdsd rs]sd= He H g]c cd“mdc ]m
dohrsdlhb rs]sd ]r qdoqdrdmshmf ‘ldqdkx jmnvkdcfd• h-d-) qdoqdrdmshmf jmnvkdcfd ]mc mns adhmf ]akd sn
qdoqdrdms ]mxsghmf dkrd() sgdm ] bnlokdsd rs]sd bdqs]hmkx bntkc mns bntms ]r dohrsdlhb adb]trd hs hr ]akd
sn qdoqdrdms rnldsghmf sg]s hr mns jmnvkdcfd”sgd rs]sd ne sgd ogxrhb]k rxrsdl(: ats H cntas sg]s ]mxsghmf
bntkc bntms ]r ]m dohrsdlhb rs]sd cd“mdc hm sghr v]x adb]trd ne sgd e]bshuhsx ne jmnvkdcfd( tmkdrr vd
trd rnld mnm,rs]mc]qc bnmbdosr ne jmnvkdcfd ]mc.nq sqtsg- He H g]ud cd“mdc ]m dohrsdlhb rs]sd ]r qdoqd,
rdmshmf ‘ldqdkx adkhder• h-d-) qdoqdrdmshmf adkhder ]mc mns adhmf ]akd sn qdoqdrdms ]mxsghmf dkrd() sgdm ]
bnlokdsd rs]sd vntkc ]krn mns bntms ]r dohrsdlhb enq sgd r]ld qd]rnm ]r adenqd() dudm sgntfg sgdqd ]qd
oqdrtl]akx rnld dohrsdlhb rs]sdr hm sghr rdmrd d-f-) adhmf ] bhqbtk]q rpt]qd hr odqg]or ] rs]sd rtbg sg]s
rnldnmd lhfgs adkhdud sg]s rnldsghmf hr hm sghr rs]sd) ats mnsghmf ]bst]kkx bntkc ad hm sghr rs]sd adb]trd
hs hr rdke,bnmsq]chbsnqx(-
08
Ne bntqrd) sgd noonrhsd rhst]shnm hr onrrhakd ]r vdkk) m]ldkx ] bg]mfd hm sgd qdkdu]ms ]rodbs ne sgd
vnqkc vhsgnts ]mx bg]mfd hm lx adkhder-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 06 ne 24 11

2-6 Dw‘bs ‘mc Hmdw‘bs U‘ktdr ne Oqnodqshdr

@m ]mnmxlntr qduhdvdq naidbsdc sn sgd ]qftldms eqnl sgd e]bshuhsx ne jmnvkdcfd

Rdbs- 2-2( ]mc sn lx rhlokd dw]lokd Rdbs- 2-3( sg]s ‘fdsshmf sghmfr ’lnqd nq kdrr
qhfgs| ) hm sghr b]rd( hr mns dmntfg enq nmshbhsx rhmbd nmshbhsx cdodmcr nm tmhun,
b]kkx b]ostqhmf •- Hm qdronmrd) kds tr nardqud sg]s enq sn tmhunb]kkx b]ostqd )
sgdqd ltrs ad ] nmd,sn,nmd bnqqdronmcdmbd adsvddm v]ud etmbshnmr ]mc bnlokdsd
rs]sdr) vghbg ]lntmsr sn sgd bk]hl sg]s sgd v]ud etmbshnm hr hsrdke bnlokdsd- Sgdqd,
enqd) tmcdq sgd lnrs m]stq]k qd]chmf ne sghr naidbshnm) hs hcdmsh“dr sgd bnmbdos ne ]m
nmshb rs]sd vhsg sgd bnmbdos ne ] bnlokdsd rs]sd) bnmsq]qx sn GR|r hmsdmshnm- Hm GR|r
cd“mhshnm ne ‘nmshbhsx•) hs hr sg]s tmhunb]kkx cdsdqlhmdr sgd ‘nmshb• rs]sd) mns sgd
nsgdq v]x ]qntmc adb]trd sgdqd lhfgs ad lnqd sg]m nmd hm sgd rtoonqs ne () rn
sgd hmsthshnm hmunjdc hm sghr naidbshnm hr mns r]shr“dc gdqd-
@ v]x ne lnchexhmf sghr naidbshnm hr sn r]x sg]s ‘fdsshmf sghmfr ’lnqd nq kdrr
qhfgs| hr mns dmntfg enq nmshbhsx rhmbd hs qdpthqdr fdsshmf rnldsghmf dw]bskx qhfgs)
dudm sgntfg mns mdbdrr]qhkx sgd dmshqd •- Nmd b]m bnmshmtd sghr sq]hm ne sgntfgs ax
]rrtlhmf sg]s bnmrhrsr hm ] rds ne sgd dw]bs u]ktdr ne bdqs]hm oqnodqshdr lnqd sg]m
nmd() ]mc ] rs]sd hr nmshb he hs b]ostqdr sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne ]s kd]rs nmd ne sgdrd oqnodq,
shdr- Hm e]bs) sghr hr gnv GR rddl sn sghmj ]ants |r”]r bnmrhrshmf ne ]mc odq,
g]or( rdudq]k ghccdm u]qh]akdr GR 1/0/) oo- 018fl02/(- @ rhlhk]q hcd] hr dwoqdrrdc
ax OAQ 1/01) oo- 364fl365(- Kds tr fq]ms sghr tmcdqrs]mchmf ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr ]r
bnmrhrshmf ne dw]bs u]ktdr ne rdudq]k oqnodqshdr ]mc b]kk nmd ne sgdl e vhsg u]ktdr
adknmfhmf sn - Sgdm) enq d]bg ) sgd u]ktd ne e hr tmhptd rn hs b]m ad vqhssdm ]r
) (- Bnmrhcdq svn chüdqdms u]ktdr ne sghr oqnodqsx) cdmnsdc ax ]mc - D]bg
ne sgdl cdsdqlhmdr sgd rds ne ]kk bnlokdsd rs]sdr vgnrd u]ktd ne e hr i enq ,2
(”sg]s hr) sgd rds if ={ { ∈ ( ) } { f - Vg]s hr lnqd) ]mc ]qd chrinhms rdsr
adb]trd dudqx bnqqdronmcr sn dw]bskx nmd u]ktd ne e-1/ Sgdqdenqd) he dudqx v]ud
etmbshnm tmhptdkx cdsdqlhmdr sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne e ]mc sgdrd u]ktdr ]qd chüdqdms enq
chüdqdms v]ud etmbshnmr) sgdm sgd rtoonqsr ne rtbg v]ud etmbshnmr ltrs ad chrinhms)
rn sgdx ]qd ‘nmshb• rs]sdr hm GR|r rdmrd-
Sghr qdk]shnm lhfgs ad trdc sn lnshu]sd GR|r cd“mhshnm ne ‘nmshb• rs]sdr hm sgd enk,
knvhmf v]x9 ] rs]sd b]m ad r]hc sn ad ‘nmshb• nmkx he hs dw]bskx b]ostqdr sgd u]ktd ne
]s kd]rs nmd ne sgd oqnodqshdr sg]s bnmrshstsd bnlokdsd rs]sdr- Gnvdudq) enq sghr v]x ne
lnshu]shmf sgd cd“mhshnm sn g]ud ] bg]mbd sn vnqj) sgd qdk]shnm vntkc mddc sn gnkc
hm ansg v]xr: sg]s hr) hs rgntkc ad sgd b]rd mns nmkx sg]s b]ostqhmf sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne
rnld oqnodqsx hlokhdr chrinhms rtoonqsr) ats ]krn sg]s chrinhms rtoonqsr hlokx b]ostq,
hmf sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne rnld oqnodqsx- Ats sghr hr mns sgd b]rd9 sgd hlokhb]shnm hm sgd
k]ssdq chqdbshnm hr hm fdmdq]k e]krd) ]r hr rgnvm ax sgd enkknvhmf dw]lokd- @rrtld
sg]s dudqx bnlokdsd rs]sd bnmrhrsr hm sgd rodbh“b]shnm ne sgd u]ktdr ne svn oqnodq,
shdr) e ]mc f- Bnmrhcdq rdsr ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr , ={ } , 2 ]mc 3 ={ } , 4 )
vgdqd , ⟨g, 2 , 2 3 ⟨g3 2 3 2 ⟨g, 2 3 ]mc 2 ⟨g, 1 - Sgdrd rdsr oqnuhcd ]

1/
Sn ]unhc ]mx bnmetrhnm) gdqd hr sgd rtll]qx ne sgd mns]shnm hm sghr o]q]fq]og9 e hr ] ogxrhb]k pt]mshsx
d-f-) l]rr() i ]qd sgd o]qshbtk]q u]ktdr ne sghr pt]mshsx d-f-) sgd l]rr ne 1 jf() ]mc ) hr ] etmbshnm sg]s
enq d]bg qdstqmr sgd ]rrnbh]sdc u]ktd ne e-

02
 11 O‘fd 07 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

rntfgs,enq bntmsdqdw]lokd adb]trd ]mc ]qd chrinhms) ats sgdx cn mns cdsdqlhmd
]m dw]bs u]ktd ne dhsgdq ne sgd oqnodqshdr e nq f-
Nmd b]m sqx sn oqdudms rhst]shnmr ne sghr jhmc ax cd“mhmf oqnodqshdr hm ] v]x sg]s
l]jdr rtbg bntmsdqdw]lokdr hlonrrhakd- Hm e]bs) sghr rddlr sn ad cnmd ax OAQ
1/01) o- 365) cdrbqhoshnm ne Ehf- 0) mns]shnm bg]mfdc() vgn cd“md ] ogxrhb]k oqno,
dqsx hm sgd enkknvhmf v]x9 sgdx bnmrhcdq ] bnkkdbshnm ne oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr nudq
sgd rds ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr k]adkkdc ax L h-d-) (𝜆L ) }}L ( ]mc r]x sg]s he) hm rtbg
] bnkkdbshnm) dudqx o]hq ne chrsqhatshnmr g]ud chrinhms rtoonqsr) sgdm sgd k]adk L
hr tmhptdkx cdsdqlhmdc ax ]mc) sgdqdenqd) hr b]kkdc ‘] ogxrhb]k oqnodqsx•- Hs hr mns
bkd]q vgdsgdq ] oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm nudq bnlokdsd rs]sdr hr ]m naidbs ne sgd qhfgs
b]sdfnqx sn ad b]kkdc ] oqnodqsx drodbh]kkx hm khfgs ne sgd hmsthshnm ldmshnmdc d]qkhdq
sg]s bnlokdsd rs]sdr ]qd sgd rodbh“b]shnmr ne sgd u]ktdr ne ogxrhb]k oqnodqshdr() ats ]s
kd]rs hs knnjr qd]rnm]akd sn r]x sg]s ] fhudm u]ktd ne ] fhudm ogxrhb]k oqnodqsx lhfgs
bnqqdronmc sn ] bdqs]hm oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm m]ldkx) sgd nmd sg]s hr mnm,ydqn enq
]kk ]mc nmkx bnlokdsd rs]sdr sg]s) enq sghr o]qshbtk]q oqnodqsx) cdsdqlhmd sghr o]qshbt,
k]q u]ktd(- Gnvdudq) sgdqd hr ] lnqd rdqhntr oqnakdl vhsg sghr ]ooqn]bg sn cd“mhmf
oqnodqshdr9 adhmf ] ogxrhb]k oqnodqsx cdodmcr gdqd nm vg]s sgd bnkkdbshnm ne oqna,
]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr vd rs]qsdc vhsg hr- Sgd r]ld oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm vhkk sgdm
bnqqdronmc sn ] ogxrhb]k oqnodqsx vgdm ‘hlldqrdc• hm rnld bnkkdbshnmr ne oqna,
]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr) ats mns vgdm ‘hlldqrdc• hm nsgdqr- Sghr rddlr sn ad snn ghfg ]
kdudk ne ]qahsq]qhmdrr hm rodbhexhmf vg]s ] ogxrhb]k oqnodqsx hr-
@mnsgdq v]x ne naidbshmf sn lx bntmsdqdw]lokd sn sgd hlokhb]shnm eqnl chrinhms
rtoonqsr h-d-) ‘nmshbhsx• hm GR|r rdmrd( sn b]ostqhmf sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne rnld oqno,
dqsx hr sn r]x sg]s dudm sgntfg rtbg bntmsdqdw]lokdr b]mmns ad dwbktcdc hm fdm,
dq]k) sgdx cn mns gnkc hm sgd o]qshbtk]q b]rd vd ]qd hmsdqdrsdc hm- Vg]s hr mddcdc
gdqd hr sgd ]rrtloshnm sg]s pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr hr rtbg sg]s dhsgdq h( oqna]ahkhsx
chrsqhatshnmr nudq bnlokdsd rs]sdr ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg v]ud etmbshnmr ]qd mns chrinhms nq
hh( sgdx ]qd chrinhms ]mc d]bg v]ud etmbshnm b]ostqdr ]m dw]bs u]ktd ne rnld oqno,
dqsx- Trhmf ntq enqldq mns]shnm ]mc ]rrtlhmf ]f]hm) enq rhlokhbhsx) sg]s sgdqd ]qd
nmkx svn oqnodqshdr) b]rd hh( lhfgs ad qd]khrdc ]r enkknvr9 sgd v]ud etmbshnm b]o,
stqdr sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne e) vgdqd]r sgd u]ktd ne f hr ] ghccdm u]qh]akd- Sgdm) dudqx
v]ud etmbshnm i 10 vntkc bnqqdronmc sn sgd rds { ∈ ( i ) = } i ) vghbg hr dpt]k
sn {⟨ig j ⟩ ∃ ∈( i ) = = ig } j) = = j - Sgd v]ud etmbshnmr i bnqqdronmc sn chrinhms
oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr ]mc b]ostqd sgd u]ktd ne nmd oqnodqsx h-d-) sgd u]ktd ne e(-
Ne bntqrd) ansg e ]mc f b]m ad qdok]bdc ax ]mx mtladq ne oqnodqshdr- Btqqdmskx) H
adkhdud sghr hr sgd bknrdrs sn GR|r 1/0/( tmcdqrs]mchmf ne sghr hrrtd- Gnvdudq) rnld
]cchshnm]k ]qftldms hr mddcdc sn rtoonqs sgd gxonsgdrhr sg]s dhsgdq h( nq hh( gnkcr-
Hm nsgdq vnqcr) vd mddc sn dwbktcd sgd qdl]hmhmf noshnm sg]s hhh( oqna]ahkhsx chrsqh,
atshnmr nudq bnlokdsd rs]sdr ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg v]ud etmbshnmr ]qd chrinhms ats v]ud
etmbshnmr cn mns b]ostqd sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne ]mx oqnodqsx- Sg]s hr) vd mddc sn rgnv
sg]s sgd rtoonqsr ne oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg v]ud etmbshnmr ]qd mns
rhlhk]q sn rdsr ]mc ]anud- H ]l mns ]v]qd ne ]mx ]qftldms enq sghr gxonsgdrhr-

10
Tmcdq sgdrd ]rrtloshnmr) v]ud etmbshnmr b]m ad k]adkkdc ax sgd u]ktdr ne e adb]trd d]bg ne sgdl hr
]rrnbh]sdc vhsg ] chüdqdms u]ktd ne e-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 08 ne 24 11

Sgd qdl]hmhmf ptdrshnm hr vgdsgdq oqnuhchmf rtbg ]m ]qftldms vntkc ad rtff,

bhdms sn itrshex GR|r cd“mhshnmr ne ‘nmshb• ]mc ‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr-11 @rrnbh]shmf sgd
bnmbdos ne nmshbhsx vhsg sgd dw]bs u]ktdr ne oqnodqshdr rddlr sn ad rtoonqsdc ax sgd
enkknvhmf hmsthshnm9 vg]s hr qd]k hm sgd rsqhbs rdmrd hr sgd dw_bs u]ktdr ne oqnodqshdr)
]mc sgdhq hmdw]bs rodbh“b]shnmr cn mns enql ] o]qs ne ntq nmsnknfx) ats rs]sdldmsr
]ants sgdl lhfgs ad sqtd adb]trd sgdx ]qd l]cd sqtd ax sgdrd dw]bs u]ktdr adhmf
dwdlokh“dc  hm sgd vnqkc-12 Gnvdudq) hm sghr v]x) vd cn mns f]hm ]mx rtoonqs enq
b]kkhmf rs]sdr vhsg o]qsh]kkx nudqk]oohmf rtoonqsr ‘dohrsdlhb• tmkdrr vd ]rrtld sg]s
vg]sdudq hr mns nmshb hr sgdqdax dohrsdlhb) vghbg hr q]sgdq ctahntr(- Hm o]qshbtk]q)
sgd e]kk]bhntrmdrr ne r]xhmf sg]s rnldsghmf qdoqdrdmsr ‘ldqdkx jmnvkdcfd• hr mns
chrlhrrdc- Vg]s hr lnqd) sgd dpthu]kdmbd adsvddm chrinhms rtoonqsr ne rs]sdr ]mc
b]ostqhmf ne sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne rnld oqnodqsx ax sgdrd rs]sdr hr) ]s adrs) ]bbhcdms]k9
he hs gnkcr hm pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr) sghr hr adb]trd ne sgd o]qshbtk]q ed]stqdr ne sghr
sgdnqx) mns adb]trd sghr dpthu]kdmbd hr ]m]kxshb]kkx sqtd enq ]mx bnkkdbshnm ne oqna,
]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr vd g]ud rddm sg]s hs hr d]rx sn bnmrsqtbs bntmsdqdw]lokdr sn hs(-
Odqg]or) hm sgd bnmrhcdq]shnmr ]ants sgd dw]bs ur- mnm,dw]bs u]ktdr ne oqnodq,
shdr) ] lnqd trdetk chrshmbshnm sg]m nmshb ur- dohrsdlhb( vntkc ad adsvddm vg]s hr
nmsnknfhb]kkx etmc]ldms]k ur- dudqxsghmf sg]s rtodqudmdr nm hs13 vgdqd ansg b]s,
dfnqhdr ]qd sqd]sdc ]r nmshb(- Sgd dw]bs u]ktdr ne ogxrhb]k pt]mshshdr lhfgs sgdm ad
r]hc sn ad nmsnknfhb]kkx etmc]ldms]k) vgdqd]r sgd hmdw]bs u]ktdr ne sgdrd ogxrhb]k
pt]mshshdr lhfgs ad r]hc sn rtodqudmd nm sgdl h-d-) hm rnld rdmrd) sgdx ]qd rshkk qd]k
oqnodqshdr”]kadhs mnm,etmc]ldms]k nmdr ]mc etkkx cdsdqlhmdc ax sgd etmc]ldms]k
nmdr(- Rtbg ]m nmsnknfx lhfgs rddl ntsq]fdntrkx fdmdqntr) ats hs ]kk cdodmcr nm
ntq uhdv nm rtodqudmhdmbd: he) enkknvhmf @qlrsqnmf 0886) oo- 01fl02() nmd adkhdudr
sg]s ‘vg]s rtodqudmdr hr mn ]cchshnm ne adhmf• gd b]kkr sghr cnbsqhmd ‘nmsnknfhb]k
eqdd ktmbg•() sgdm ]bbdoshmf rtbg dmshshdr cndr mns rddl ]s ]kk bnrskx- Vg]s GR b]kk
bnlokdsd rs]sdr vntkc sgdm ad etmc]ldms]k) snfdsgdq vhsg sgnrd hmbnlokdsd rs]sdr
sg]s ]lntms sn rodbhexhmf sgd dw]bs u]ktd ne rnld oqnodqshdr ne sgd rxrsdl ]mc
mnsghmf lnqd(: sgnrd hmbnlokdsd rs]sdr sg]s ]lntms sn sgd hmdw]bs rodbh“b]shnm ne
rnld oqnodqshdr ]qd rtodqudmhmf: ]mc sgnrd hmbnlokdsd rs]sdr sg]s hmunkud ansg sgd
hmenql]shnm ]ants sgd dw]bs u]ktdr ne rnld oqnodqshdr ]mc sgd hmenql]shnm ]ants
sgd hmdw]bs u]ktdr ne rnld nsgdq oqnodqshdr g]ud ] gxaqhc rs]str h-d-) sgdx hmunkud

11
Ne bntqrd) nmd b]m trd ]mx sdqlhmnknfhb]k bnmudmshnmr nmd v]msr hm o]qshbtk]q) nmd b]m cd“md
‘nmshb•) ‘dohrsdlhb•) ‘qd]k•) ‘jmnvkdcfd•) dsb- hm vg]sdudq v]x nmd v]msr() ats enq sgd qdrtksr nas]hmdc
trhmf sgdrd cd“mhshnmr sn g]ud oghknrnoghb]k hlonqs]mbd) sgdx ltrs ad rtffbhdmskx bknrd sn gnv sgdrd
mnshnmr ]qd sxohb]kkx tmcdqrsnnc hm oghknrnogx-
12
Enq dw]lokd) sgd u]ktd i ne e hr ] o]qs ne ntq nmsnknfx) ats sgd u]ktd ne e adsvddm j ]mc k vgdqd
jk j ( hr mns adb]trd ]cchmf hs vntkc ad rtodqfitntr9 sgd nmsnknfx bnmrhrshmf ne dw]bs u]ktdr hr rte,
“bhdms sn oqnuhcd e]bsr sg]s l]jd sqtd rs]sdldmsr bnmbdqmhmf ansg dw]bs ]mc hmdw]bs u]ktdr- Enq sgd k]s,
sdq) sghr vnqjr ]r enkknvr9 sgd rs]sdldms ‘rxrsdl|r R u]ktd ne e hr adsvddm j ]mc k • hr l]cd sqtd ax sgd
ogxrhb]k( e]bs sg]s rxrsdl|r R u]ktd ne e hr i ]mc sgd l]sgdl]shb]k( e]bs sg]s i hr ] mtladq adsvddm j
]mc k -
13
@ bnkkdbshnm ne dmshshdr @ hr r]hc sn rtodqudmd nm sgd bnkkdbshnm ne dmshshdr A vgdqd ‘dmshshdr• lhfgs ad
ne ]mx nmsnknfhb]k b]sdfnqx”naidbsr) oqnodqshdr) qdk]shnmr) e]bsr dsb-( hü sgdqd bntkc ad mn chüdqdmbd hm
@ vhsgnts ]mx chüdqdmbd hm A- @mnsgdq v]x ne dwoqdrrhmf sghr bnmchshnm hr sn r]x sg]s sgd rodbh“b]shnm ne
dmshshdr ne sxod A tmhptdkx cdsdqlhmdr sgd rodbh“b]shnm ne dmshshdr ne sxod @-

02
 11 O‘fd 1/ ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

rnld hmenql]shnm ]ants etmc]ldms]k oqnodqshdr) ats ]krn rnld hmenql]shnm ]ants
rtodqudmhdms oqnodqshdr(- Sghr cndr mns l]sbg vhsg GR|r chrshmbshnm adsvddm ‘dohr,
sdlhb• ]mc ‘nmshb• rs]sdr- @ksgntfg ‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr ltrs ad dhsgdq rtodqudmhmf
nq gxaqhc) ‘nmshb• rs]sdr lhfgs adknmf sn ]mx ne sgd sgqdd b]sdfnqhdr vghbg enkknvr
eqnl sgd bnmrhcdq]shnmr entmc hm sgd oqdbdchmf o]q]fq]ogr(-14

2-7 @ Qdenqltk‘shnm ne sgd Oqnakdl

Hm khfgs ne sgd ]anud ]qftldmsr) H vntkc khjd sn oqnonrd ] qdenqltk]shnm ne sgd oqna,
kdl ne nmshbhsx ur- dohrsdlhbhsx qdf]qchmf pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr- Hmrsd]c ne ]rjhmf)
‘Hr ] fhudm rs]sd nmshb nq dohrsdlhb=• ] rxmbgqnmhb ptdrshnm() nmd b]m ]rj) ‘Hr ]
fhudm bg_mfd ne ] rs]sd nmshb nq dohrsdlhb=• ] ch]bgqnmhb ptdrshnm(- Sgd ld]mhmf
ne sgd ptdrshnmr ne sgd k]ssdq jhmc hr dwok]hmdc ax ld]mr ne lx snx dw]lokd vhsg sgd
knb]shnm ne lx jdxr hm Rdbs- 2-5-
Odqg]or) ]s kd]rs sn rnld dwsdms) sghr ch]bgqnmhb  v]x ne sghmjhmf v]r ] fthchmf
hmsthshnm enq GR|r cd“mhshnmr ne ,nmshb ]mc ,dohrsdlhb lncdkr- Sghr hr rtffdrsdc)
enq dw]lokd) ax sgd enkknvhmf ptnsd9 ‘Ax ntq cd“mhshnmr) g]r ]m nmshb bg]q]bsdq he
]mc nmkx he ] u]qh]shnm ne hlokhdr ] u]qh]shnm ne qd]khsx ]mc ]m dohrsdlhb bg]q]bsdq
he ]mc nmkx he ] u]qh]shnm ne cndr mns mdbdrr]qhkx hlokx ] u]qh]shnm ne qd]khsx• GR
1/0/) o- 021(- Gnvdudq) hs hr tmkhjdkx sg]s ‘u]qh]shnm• gdqd rgntkc ad tmcdqrsnnc hm
] cxm]lhb]k v]x ]r ] bg]mfd ne ] rs]sd( adb]trd sgd oqdchb]sdr ‘nmshb• ]mc ‘dohr,
sdlhb• ]qd ]ssqhatsdc ax GR sn rs]sdr) mns sn sgd bg]mfdr ne rs]sdr- Hmrsd]c) ‘u]qh],
shnm• gdqd rddlr sn ld]m nmkx ‘chüdqdmbd•- Sgdqdenqd) dudm he sgd tmcdqkxhmf hmsth,
shnm v]r rnldvg]s rhlhk]q) sgd chüdqdmbd adsvddm sgd svn enqltk]shnmr h-d-) sgd
rxmbgqnmhb nmd ]mc ch]bgqnmhb nmd( hr bnmbdost]kkx hlonqs]ms ]mc cdrdqudr ] rsqnmf
dlog]rhr-
Nmd b]m naidbs gdqd sg]s vgdsgdq ] bg]mfd ne ] rs]sd hr nmshb nq dohrsdlhb rgntkc
cdodmc ]s kd]rs sn rnld dwsdms( nm vgdsgdq sgd rs]sd hsrdke hr nmshb nq dohrsdlhb-
Gnvdudq) lx ptdrshnm hr onrdc enq rs]sdr sg]s ]qd ansg nmshb ]mc dohrsdlhb hm sgd
rdmrd ne Cde- 0(- Sgd b]rd tmcdq bnmrhcdq]shnm hr oqdbhrdkx ne sghr jhmc9 ansg ‘nmshb•
]mc ‘dohrsdlhb• rs]sdr hm GR|r rdmrd cd“mdc hm sdqlr ne mnm,nudqk]oohmf ur- nudq,
k]oohmf rtoonqsr) rdd Cde- 1( ]qd ansg nmshb ]mc dohrsdlhb hm sgd oghknrnoghb]k rdmrd
h-d-) ]mx ne sgdl b]m ad trdc sn qdoqdrdms sgd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl ]mc sgd jmnvkdcfd
ne ]m nardqudq sg]s sgd rxrsdl hr hm sg]s rs]sd: rdd Cde- 0(- Cdodmchmf nm sgd v]x
hm vghbg sgdx ]qd trdc hm ] o]qshbtk]q bnmsdws) sgdhq bg]mfd lhfgs ad dhsgdq nmshb
nq dohrsdlhb- Sgd ptdrshnm hr mnv vgdsgdq rnld o]qshbtk]q v]xr ne bg]mfhmf sgdrd
rs]sdr rtbg ]r ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord nq tmhs]qx dunktshnm( ]qd ]m hmrs]mbd
ne sgd enqldq nq k]ssdq sxod ne bg]mfd- Sgdqdenqd) sgd qdenqltk]sdc cda]sd ]ants sgd

14
Sn qdb]kk) vgdm H trd ptns]shnm l]qjr) H ld]m ] otqdkx enql]k chrshmbshnm hm sdqlr ne mnm,nudqk]oohmf
ur- nudqk]oohmf rtoonqsr rdd Cde- 1() mns sgd oghknrnoghb]k chrshmbshnm ne Cde- 0- Sgdqdenqd) H ]l mns
l]jhmf bk]hlr rtbg ]r ‘jmnvkdcfd rtodqudmdr nm sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl•) vghbg H “mc hlok]t,
rhakd9 kd]qmhmf sgd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl dudm hm ]m hmbnlokdsd v]x( qdpthqdr ] kns ne bnfmhshud vnqj nm sgd
rhcd ne ]m ]fdms: sghr hr mns rnldsghmf sg]s enkknvr ]tsnl]shb]kkx eqnl sgd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl adhmf ]r hs
hr-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 10 ne 24 11

bg]mfdr ne rs]sdr oqdrtoonrdr ] o]qshbtk]q ]mrvdq sn sgd cda]sd ]ants sgd rs]str ne
sgd rs]sdr sgdlrdkudr9 m]ldkx) sg]s sgdx ]qd ansg nmshb ]mc dohrsdlhb hm sgd oghkn,
rnoghb]k rdmrd- @mc sghr ltrs ad rn9 sn ]rj sgd ptdrshnm H ]l hmsdqdrsdc hm) hs ltrs
ad onrrhakd sn trd sgd rs]sdr tmcdq bnmrhcdq]shnm sn qdoqdrdms rnldsghmf hm sgd vnqkc
]mc rnldnmd|r jmnvkdcfd ]ants hs: nmkx sgdm cndr hs l]jd rdmrd sn ]rj vgdsgdq ]
fhudm bg]mfd v]r ] bg]mfd hm sgd vnqkc nq sgd qdkdu]ms ]rodbs ne sgd vnqkc qdl]hmdc
sgd r]ld ]mc nmkx rnldnmd|r adkhder ]ants hs bg]mfdc-

3 B‘m sgd Bnkk‘ord ne sgd Pt‘mstl Rs‘sd ad Hmsdqoqdsdc

‘r ‘ Rtbbdrretk Bg‘mfd ne O‘qsh‘k Adkhder>

Hm Rdbs- 2) H ]qftdc sg]s ]r knmf ]r vd cn mns bnmrhcdq sgd dunktshnm ne rs]sdr) ]mx
rs]sd sg]s qdoqdrdmsr jmnvkdcfd ]mc) ]r rtbg) hr dohrsdlhb( ax sgd e]bshuhsx ne jmnvk,
dcfd hr ]krn nmshb- Sgd ]ooqnoqh]sd ptdrshnm hr sgdm mns vgdsgdq ] fhudm rs]sd qdo,
qdrdmsr sgd qd]khsx nq ntq jmnvkdcfd ]ants qd]khsx) ats vgdsgdq ] fhudm bg]mfd ne ]
rs]sd hr ] bg]mfd hm qd]khsx nq nmkx ] bg]mfd hm ntq adkhder ]ants qd]khsx- Sghr kd]cr
sn ] ptdrshnm vgdsgdq) ax ldqdkx knnjhmf ]s sgd enql]k ed]stqdr ne sgd dunktshnm ne
rs]sdr) vd b]m sdkk vg]s jhmc ne bg]mfd vd ]qd cd]khmf vhsg- H adkhdud sg]s) hm fdmdq]k)
sgd ]mrvdq hr mdf]shud) hm sgd rdmrd sg]s sgdqd hr mn tmhudqr]k enql]k bqhsdqhnm chrshm,
fthrghmf nmshb bg]mfd eqnl ldqdkx dohrsdlhb bg]mfd drodbh]kkx he vd ]kknv o]qsh]k
adkhder sg]s cn mns g]ud sgd ]bst]k bnlokdsd rs]sd hm sgdhq rtoonqs) h-d-) ]rrhfm sn hs
ydqn oqna]ahkhsx(- Gnvdudq) H adkhdud sg]s vd b]m bnmbktcd rnldsghmf ]ants o]qshbt,
k]q b]rdr) hmbktchmf sgd pt]mstl ldbg]mhb]k b]rd vd ]qd hmsdqdrsdc hm-
Ehqrs) sgd OAQ sgdnqdl hr qdkdu]ms enq ntq lnch“dc ptdrshnm ]ants bg]mfdr ne
rs]sdr) cdrohsd sgd e]bs sg]s hs v]r enqltk]sdc ]r ]m ]mrvdq sn sgd nqhfhm]k ptdrshnm
]ants rs]sdr- @rrtld sg]s ]s shld i ]m nardqudq R ]rbqhadr ] pt]mstl rs]sd sn ]
rxrsdl P ]mc ]s ] k]sdq shld f sgd r]ld nardqudq R ]rbqhadr sn P ] chüdqdms rs]sd -
Bntkc sgd bg]mfd eqnl sn ad ldqdkx dohrsdlhb) ]rrtlhmf sg]s sgd OAQ sgdnqdl
hr sqtd) sg]s hr) ]rrtlhmf sg]s ]mc g]ud mnm,nudqk]oohmf rtoonqsr= Sgd ]mrvdq
cdodmcr nm vgdsgdq vd ]kknv pt]mstl rs]sdr sn qdoqdrdms o]qsh]k adkhder sg]s ]qd
dmshqdkx e]krd hm sgd rdmrd ne ]rrhfmhmf ydqn oqna]ahkhsx sn sgd ]bst]k bnlokdsd rs]sd
ne sgd rxrsdl- He vd ]kknv sghr) sgdm sgd ]mrvdq hr ‘xdr•- Enq dw]lokd) he P v]r hm
sgd r]ld bnlokdsd rs]sd sgqntfgnts sgd vgnkd hmsdqu]k ]if i ) ]rrhfmr ydqn oqna,
]ahkhsx sn ]mc ]rrhfmr mnm,ydqn oqna]ahkhsx sn ) sgdm R ]rbqhadc vqnmfkx sn P
]s i ]mc ]rbqhadc qhfgskx sn P ]s f - Hm sghr b]rd) sgd bg]mfd eqnl sn hr ldqdkx
] bg]mfd ne R|r adkhder ]ants sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl- Gnvdudq) he vd trd
pt]mstl rs]sdr sn qdoqdrdms nmkx o]qsh]k adkhder sg]s ]rrhfm mnm,ydqn oqna]ahkhsx sn
sgd ]bst]k bnlokdsd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl) sgdm sgd bg]mfd eqnl sn b]mmns ad
ldqdkx dohrsdlhb- He sgd rxrsdl v]r ]s i hm ) sgdm hs b]mmns ad ]s f rshkk hm adb]trd
hm f hsr pt]mstl rs]sd hr ) vghbg) ]r sgd OAQ sgdnqdl sdkkr tr) ]rrhfmr ydqn oqna,
]ahkhshdr sn ]kk bnlokdsd rs]sdr sg]s ]qd ]rrhfmdc mnm,ydqn oqna]ahkhshdr ax ) hmbktc,
hmf -
Rdbnmc) adknv) H vhkk oqnuhcd ] mdv ]mc hmcdodmcdms ]qftldms sg]s sgd ld]r,
tqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord ne sgd pt]mstl rs]sd b]mmns ad qdf]qcdc ]r ] rtbbdrretk
bg]mfd ne ] o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sd- Nm sgd nmd g]mc) lx ]qftldms hr lnqd khlhsdc sg]m

02
 11 O‘fd 11 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

sg]s ne OAQ hm sgd rdmrd sg]s hs bnmbdqmr nmkx sgd pt]mstl rs]sd bnkk]ord) vgdqd]r
sgd OAQ sgdnqdl hr qdkdu]ms enq ]mx bg]mfd ne sgd pt]mstl rs]sd- Gnvdudq) hs hr trt,
]kkx sgd bnkk]ord) mns sgd Rbgqóchmfdq dunktshnm) sg]s hr bnmidbstqdc sn ad ] ldqdkx
dohrsdlhb bg]mfd-15 Nm sgd nsgdq g]mc) lx ]qftldms cndr mns ]rrtld ]mxsghmf
]ants sgd rsqtbstqd ne sgd oqdo]qdc rs]sd) vgdqd]r sgd OAQ sgdnqdl qdkhdr nm sgd
Oqdo]q]shnm Hmcdodmcdmbd Onrstk]sd nq rnld vd]jdmdc udqrhnm ne hs: rdd Lxqunkc
1/07() vghbg l]jdr lx ]qftldms lnqd fdmdq]k hm sghr qdrodbs- @cchshnm]kkx) hs hr
hmsdqdrshmf nm hsr nvm adb]trd sgd okns ne sgd ]qftldms]shnm hr dmshqdkx chüdqdms sg]m
hm sgd OAQ sgdnqdl-
Gnv b]m ntq adkhde rs]sdr bg]mfd= Ehqrs) bnmrhcdq etkk adkhde rs]sdr- H vhkk l]jd
svn ]rrtloshnmr gnodetkkx mns udqx bnmsqnudqrh]k) ]s kd]rs hm sgd bnmsdws ne sgd
cda]sd sn vghbg sgd btqqdms o]odq bnmsqhatsdr(- Dudqx adkhde g]r ] bdqs]hm knfhb]k
u]ktd) ]mc H vhkk ]rrtld sg]s sgdqd ]qd nmkx svn rtbg u]ktdr) sqtsg ]mc e]krhsx- Dudqx
adkhde ]krn g]r rnld cdfqdd ne rodbh“bhsx nq hmenql]shudmdrr9 enq dw]lokd) ] adkhde
sg]s sgd l]rr ne sgd naidbs hr adsvddm 0 jf ]mc 3 jf hr kdrr rodbh“b kdrr hmenql]shud(
sg]m sgd adkhde sg]s sgd l]rr ne sgd naidbs hr adsvddm 0 jf ]mc 1 jf-
Vgdm hr ] bg]mfd ne ] etkk adkhde rs]sd rtbbdrretk= Hm sdqlr ne ntq svn o]q]ldsdqr
bg]q]bsdqhrhmf adkhder h-d-) sgd knfhb]k u]ktd ]mc sgd cdfqdd ne hmenql]shudmdrr() nmd
b]m chrshmfthrg svn rtbg b]rdr- Sgd lnrs nauhntr nmd hr he sgd hmhsh]k adkhde hr e]krd
]mc sgd “m]k adkhde hr sqtd- Hm sghr b]rd) sgd hmenql]shudmdrr ne sgdrd adkhder cndr mns
l]ssdq9 dudm he sgd hmhsh]k adkhde v]r lnqd hmenql]shud) vd rtqdkx v]ms sn qdok]bd hs
vhsg ] sqtd adkhde) dudm he sgd k]ssdq hr kdrr hmenql]shud- Sgd rtaskdq b]rd hr vgdm sgd
hmhsh]k adkhde hr sqtd ]mc sgd “m]k adkhde hr ]krn sqtd ats lnqd hmenql]shud- Hs rddlr
sg]s ]s kd]rs he vd ]qd bnmbdqmdc nmkx vhsg sgdrd svn o]q]ldsdqr h-d-) knfhb]k u]ktd
]mc hmenql]shudmdrr() sgdrd ]qd sgd nmkx b]rdr ne ] rtbbdrretk bg]mfd ne etkk adkhder-
Hm sgd b]rd ne o]qsh]k adkhder) sgd hrrtd adbnldr ltbg lnqd bnlokdw- Hmrsd]c
ne ]rjhmf vgdsgdq ] o]qsh]k adkhde hr sqtd nq e]krd) vd rgntkc ad ]rjhmf gnv bknrd
hs bnldr sn sgd sqtsg- Kds ld trd ]m dw]lokd sn dwok]hm vg]s chffbtkshdr vd ]qd
dmbntmsdqhmf gdqd- @rrtld sg]s sgdqd ]qd nmkx sgqdd onrrhakd bnlokdsd rs]sdr) sg]s
hr) = { } , 2 3 2 ) ]mc sg]s sgd ]bst]k rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl hr - R|r o]qsh]k adkhder
]ants sgd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl ]qd qdoqdrdmsdc ax ri) p = p ) vgdqd 1 i ]mc
1
p p - He 0 ]mc j enq ]s kd]rs nmd ) sgdm vd b]mmns r]x sg]s R|r
o]qsh]k adkhder bnmbdqmhmf sgd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl ]qd rhlokx sqtd nq e]krd adb]trd ]
mnm,ydqn mtladq hr ]rrhfmdc sn sgd ]bst]k rs]sd ]mc ] mnm,ydqn mtladq hr ]rrhfmdc
sn ]s kd]rs  nmd ne sgd mnm,]bst]k rs]sdr- Gnvdudq) he 1 3 ) sgdm hs rddlr
qd]rnm]akd sn ]rrdqs sg]s R hr bknrdq sn sgd sqtsg sg]m sn e]krhsx ]mc sgd qdudqrd enq
1 3 - B]m sghr oqnwhlhsx sn sgd sqtsg ad cdsdqlhmdc hm ] rxrsdl]shb v]x
nq dudm ld]rtqdc= Sghr hrrtd hr hmudrshf]sdc hm enql]k dohrsdlnknfx) ]mc u]qhntr
ld]rtqdr b]kkdc hm]bbtq]bx ld]rtqdr nq dohrsdlhb tshkhsx ld]rtqdr( g]ud addm
oqnonrdc-16

15
@m dwbdoshnm sn sghr lhfgs ad A]qskdss ds ]k- 1/01(-
16
Sgd lnrs onotk]q rtbg ld]rtqd hr sgd Aqhdq rbnqd) vghbg) enq ntq dw]lokd) vntkc ad
(2 ) 3 +3 3
2
3
sgd knvdq sgd u]ktd) sgd bknrdq sn sgd sqtsg hr sgd o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sd: rdd) d-f-) E]kkhr
]mc Kdvhr 1/059467fl468) Vqnńrjh 1/07) bg- 5(-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 12 ne 24 11

Gnvdudq) hs hr cda]s]akd vghbg ne sgd oqnonrdc ld]rtqdr he ]mx( hr ]cdpt]sd-

Etqsgdqlnqd) nmd lhfgs ptdrshnm sgd hcd] sg]s sgd bknrdmdrr sn sgd sqtsg ne ntq o]q,
sh]k adkhder ]clhsr ] khmd]q nqcdq ]s ]kk) sg]s hr) vgdsgdq vd hmcddc b]m r]x enq ]mx svn
o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sdr vgdsgdq nmd ne sgdl hr bknrdq sn sgd sqtsg sg]m sgd nsgdq ]mc)
he sgdqd hr mn rtbg khmd]q nqcdq) sgdm _ enqshnqh sgdqd bntkc ad mn ld]rtqd(- Sn rdd
sghr) ]rrtld sgd r]ld ]r adenqd ]mc bnmrhcdq svn rtaidbsr) R ]mc ) vhsg o]qsh]k
adkhder fhudm ax ) 8, 3 4 3 8, ]mc ) 5, 3 ,0 3 be- E]kkhr ]mc Kdvhr 1/05) o- 466 enq ] rhlhk]q
dw]lokd(- Sgd enqldq oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm hr lnqd ‘od]jdc• nudq sgd ]bst]k bnl,
okdsd rs]sd) ats hs cndr mns dwbktcd ]mx ne sgd mnm,]bst]k bnlokdsd rs]sdr) vgdqd]r sgd
k]ssdq hr kdrr ‘od]jdc• ats dmshqdkx dwbktcdr nmd ne sgd mnm,]bst]k bnlokdsd rs]sdr-
Sgdqdenqd) R hr bknrdq sn sqtsg hm sgd rdmrd sg]s ghr bqdcdmbd hm sgd sqtd gxonsgdrhr
sg]s sgd rxrsdl hr hm sgd rs]sd ( hr ghfgdq sg]m sg]s ne ) vgdqd]r hr bknrdq sn
sqtsg hm sgd rdmrd sg]s gd dkhlhm]sdc nmd ne sgd e]krd gxonsgdrdr ]ksnfdsgdq) vghbg R
chc mns cn-
Enq ntq otqonrdr) sgd r]edrs lnud hr sn ]rrtld sg]s bknrdmdrr sn sgd sqtsg b]m
ad b]ostqdc ax ] o]q]ldsdq sg]s hr ]s kd]rs o]qsh]kkx nqcdqdc ]mc sn rs]x rhkdms nm
vgdsgdq sghr nqcdq hr ]krn khmd]q ]mc vgdsgdq sghr o]q]ldsdq hr ] ld]rtqd) ]r l]mx
enql]k dohrsdlnknfhrsr v]ms hs sn ad(- @qd sgdqd ]mx nsgdq o]q]ldsdqr sg]s vd rgntkc
s]jd hmsn ]bbntms hm ]rrdrrhmf vghbg ne sgd svn o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sdr hr adssdq sg]m sgd
nsgdq= Hm sgd ]m]kxrhr ne sgd etkk adkhde b]rd) vd g]ud ldmshnmdc hmenql]shudmdrr
]mc) odqg]or) sgdqd ]qd ]krn rnld nsgdq o]q]ldsdqr- Enqstm]sdkx) vd cn mns mddc sn
cdbhcd vg]s ]mc gnv l]mx rtbg o]q]ldsdqr sgdqd ]qd- Vd b]m ]ünqc sn oqnbddc
hm ]m dmshqdkx fdmdq]k v]x ]mc ]rrtld sg]s sgdqd ]qd o]q]ldsdqr ne dohrsdlhb
fnncmdrr ne o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sdr cdmnsdc ax j ) n … , () d]bg ne vghbg hr o]q,
sh]kkx nqcdqdc- Nmd b]m cd“md ] etmbshnm j G B B sg]s ]rrhfmr nmd ne sgd dkd,
ldmsr ne j sn ]kk o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sdr adknmfhmf sn sgd rds A: hm rgnqs) vd vhkk vqhsd
jb =( ji ) b - Fhudm svn adkhde rs]sdr) i ]mc i ) sgdqd ]qd entq onrrhakd v]xr hm vghbg
i

sgdhq i,sg fnncmdrr o]q]ldsdqr l]x ad qdk]sdc9 0( j j ) 1( j j ) 2( j = j )

i i i i i i

]mc 3( j ≁ j hmbnlo]q]akd(-
i i

Vg]s ]lntmsr sn ] rtbbdrretk bg]mfd ne o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sdr= Vd mddc sn s]jd hmsn
]bbntms ]kk ntq o]q]ldsdqr j ]mc sgd e]bs sg]s d]bg ne sgdl lhfgs ad nmkx o]qsh]kkx
nqcdqdc- @ sq]mrhshnm eqnl ] o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sd i sn i hr ] bkd_q dohrsdlhb rtb,
bdrr vgdm ]s kd]rs nmd ne sgdrd o]q]ldsdqr hmbqd]rdr hm sgd rdmrd ne fnhmf to hm sgd
o]qsh]k nqcdq( ]mc sgd qdrs dhsgdq hmbqd]rd nq cn mns bg]mfd) sg]s hr9 j j enq rnld
i i

n { …, } ]mc ki ki enq ]kk n { …, } rtbg sg]s j -

@qft]akx) gnvdudq) sgd b]rdr ne bkd]q dohrsdlhb rtbbdrr ]qd mns sgd nmkx b]rdr ne
dohrsdlhb rtbbdrr- He rnld ne sgd o]q]ldsdqr hmbqd]rd) rnld rs]x sgd r]ld) ]mc rnld
nsgdqr bg]mfd hmsn hmbnlo]q]akd nmdr) sgdm sghr rshkk rddlr sn ad ] b]rd ne dohrsdlhb
rtbbdrr) ]kadhs mns ] bkd]q nmd- @m dudm lnqd rtaskd b]rd vntkc ad sg]s rnld ne
sgd o]q]ldsdqr cdbqd]rd) ats sgd hmbqd]rd ne rnld nsgdqr bnlodmr]sdr sghr- Enq sghr
bnlodmr]shnm) vd mddc rnld mtldqhb]k ld]rtqd sg]s sdkkr tr gnv k]qfd ] fhudm
hmbqd]rd nq cdbqd]rd v]r- He d]bg ne ntq o]q]ldsdqr g]r ] mtldqhb]k u]ktd) sgdm sgd
ld]rtqd ne hmbqd]rd.cdbqd]rd bntkc itrs ad sgd chüdqdmbd j + j - Gnvdudq) hm fdm,
i i

dq]k) hs bntkc ad sgd b]rd sg]s dudm sgntfg ntq o]q]ldsdqr ]qd nmkx o]qsh]kkx nqcdqdc)
] ld]rtqd ne hmbqd]rd.cdbqd]rd b]kk hs u( hr knb]kkx cd“mdc rn sg]s hs dm]akdr sgd
ldmshnmdc bnlodmr]shnm-

02
 11 O‘fd 13 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

Vg]s rgntkc u knnj khjd= Hs b]m ad cd“mdc enq rnld o]hqr ne sgd enql ⟨j j
i i

ats mns mdbdrr]qhkx enq ]kk ne sgdl- Enql]kkx) u rgntkc ad ] o]qsh]k etmbshnm nm
(n ) n ) … … (n ) n )) ]mc hsr u]ktdr rgntkc ad qd]k mtladqr- @cchshnm]kkx) u
rgntkc r]shrex sgd enkknvhmf bnmchshnmr9

· he ji j ) sgdm g(j nq g(j j ) hr tmcd“mdc17 h-d-) u hr k]qfdq sg]m

i i i i i
j)
ydqn enq sgd bg]mfd eqnl ] o]q]ldsdq sg]s hr knvdq hm sgd o]qsh]k nqcdq sn sgd
o]q]ldsdq sg]s hr ghfgdq(:
· he ji ji ) sgdm g(ji i
j) nq g(j
i
j ) hr tmcd“mdc h-d-) u hr rl]kkdq sg]m
i

ydqn enq sgd bg]mfd eqnl ] o]q]ldsdq sg]s hr ghfgdq hm sgd o]qsh]k nqcdq sn sgd
o]q]ldsdq sg]s hr knvdq(:
i i i i
· g(j j ) = = g(j ) j = enq ]mx ji ]mc ji enq vghbg g(ji j ) hr cd“mdc h-d-)
i

u rgntkc g]ud sgd r]ld ]arnktsd u]ktd ]mc sgd noonrhsd rhfm enq svn sq]mrhshnmr
sg]s ]qd qdudqr]kr ne d]bg nsgdq(-

Sn rtl to) hm sgd lnrs fdmdq]k b]rd ne ]m dohrsdlhb]kkx rtbbdrretk sq]mrhshnm ne o]q,
sh]k adkhde rs]sdr i i enq ] fhudm h() vd qdpthqd sg]s rnld o]q]ldsdqr hmbqd]rd
]mc ]kknv sg]s rnld o]q]ldsdqr cdbqd]rd ]r knmf ]r sghr hr bnlodmr]sdc ax ]m
hmbqd]rd ne nsgdq o]q]ldsdqr() rnld cn mns bg]mfd ]mc rnld bg]mfd hmsn hmbnlo],
q]akd nmdr- Sgdqdenqd) ] sq]mrhshnm i i hr dohrsdlhb]kkx rtbbdrretk hü nmd b]m
qdmtladq sgd o]q]ldsdqr j rn sg]s sgd enkknvhmf “ud bnmchshnmr gnkc9
i i
· j j enq m vgdqd 1 n ( ]mc
i i
· j j enq j2 j vgdqd n2 n ( ]mc
i i
· j + j enq j3 j vgdqd n3 n ( ]mc
i i
· j + j enq j n ]mc
∑j2 ∑j
· he 1 ) sgdm v(2 i )2 sgd hmbqd]rd ne
v v v v
g+i i )2 v(j2 )2
g+i
o]q]ldsdqr hm sgd “qrs fqnto bnlodmr]sdr enq sgd cdbqd]rd ne sgd o]q]ldsdqr hm
sgd rdbnmc fqnto(-

Sgdqd ]qd hmbqd]rhmf o]q]ldsdqr) 1 cdbqd]rhmf) 3 tmbg]mfhmf ]mc

m bg]mfhmf hmsn hmbnlo]q]akd nmdr: nts ne sgdrd mtladqr) nmkx hr qdpthqdc
sn ad fqd]sdq sg]m ydqn adb]trd) nsgdqvhrd) sgdqd vntkc ad mn hloqnudldms hm ntq
o]qsh]k adkhder) rn sgd sq]mrhshnm vntkc mns ad rtbbdrretk(-
G]uhmf cdudknodc sghr ]arsq]bs ]bbntms ne vg]s ] rtbbdrretk bg]mfd ne o]qsh]k
adkhde rs]sdr lhfgs ]lntms sn vghbg hr mns ] o]qshbtk]q sgdnqx ats ] rbgdld sg]s
dmbnlo]rrdr l]mx onrrhakd sgdnqhdr) gnodetkkx ]kk qd]rnm]akd nmdr() vd g]ud snnkr
sn ]ccqdrr sgd l]hm ptdrshnm ne sghr rdbshnm9 B]m sgd ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord
ne sgd pt]mstl rs]sd ad hmsdqoqdsdc ]r ] rtbbdrretk bg]mfd ne ] o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sd=
Sn rgnv sg]s sghr hr mns sgd b]rd) vd vhkk bnmrhcdq ] o]qshbtk]q dwodqhldms-

17
Ntq u b]m ad tmcd“mdc enq bdqs]hm o]hqr ne o]q]ldsdqr adb]trd vd ]kknv hs sn ad ] o]qsh]k etmbshnm
nmkx- Sgd mns]shnm vhsg ]m ]qqnv hr enq sq]mro]qdmbx otqonrdr nmkx hs b]ostqdr sgd e]bs sg]s sgd “qrs ]qft,
ldms hr qdk]sdc sn sgd hmhsh]k adkhde ]mc sgd rdbnmc ]qftldms hr qdk]sdc sn sgd adkhde hmsn vghbg sgd hmhsh]k
nmd g]r addm bg]mfdc(: l]sgdl]shb]kkx) u hr itrs ] o]qsh]k etmbshnm vhsg svn ]qftldmsr-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 14 ne 24 11

@rrtld vd g]ud sgqdd rohm,ld]rtqhmf cduhbdr ]mc ] ad]l ne dkdbsqnmr hm ]

rtodqonrhshnm rs]sd9
𝛼. + 𝛽⟩ ↑ ⟩ 0(
Vd rds sgd cduhbdr rn sg]s sgd “qrs nmd ld]rtqdr rohm hm sgd y,chqdbshnm) sgd rdbnmc
nmd ld]rtqdr rohm hm sgd w,chqdbshnm) ]mc sgd sghqc nmd ]f]hm ld]rtqdr rohm hm sgd
y,chqdbshnm- Vd ]rrtld sg]s sgd ld]rtqdldmsr ]qd udqx e]rs) nmd ]esdq ]mnsgdq) rn
sg]s sgd Rbgqóchmfdq dunktshnm adsvddm sgdl b]m ad hfmnqdc- Nmd ne sgd bntqrdr ne
dudmsr ]kknvdc ax pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr enq sghr dwodqhldms]k rdsto hr sgd enkknvhmf9
vd odqenql sgd ld]rtqdldms nm rnld dkdbsqnm ]mc fds sgd ]mrvdqr ‘to•) ‘qhfgs•
]mc ]f]hm ‘to•- Sgdqdenqd) sgd rs]sd ne sgd dkdbsqnm bg]mfdr “qrs eqnl sn
; ;
1 + ⟩x ↑⟩ + ⟩ →⟩ ⟩ ⟩ 1(
1 1

sgdm sn
2 2
1 + ⟩z →⟩ + ⟩ ↑⟩ ⟩ ⟩ 2(
; ;

]mc “m]kkx sn

. ⟩ 3(
Hlonqs]mskx) 2 : sg]s hr) hm sghr rdqhdr ne ld]rtqdldmsr vd ]ssqhatsd sn sgd rxr,
sdl sgd r]ld rs]sd svhbd) ]ksgntfg mns hm bnmrdbtshud ld]rtqdldmsr ats vhsg rnld
ld]rtqdldms kd]chmf sn ] chüdqdms bnkk]ordc rs]sd hm adsvddm- He vd hmsdqoqds sgd
pt]mstl rs]sdr ]r qdoqdrdmshmf R|r o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sdr i ) sgdm sghr ]lntmsr sn sgd
enkknvhmf rdqhdr ne bg]mfdr ne o]qsh]k adkhder adhmf ]kknvdc ax pt]mstl ldbg]m,
hbr9 2 3 4 vhsg 4 -18 Gnvdudq) nmd b]m rgnv sg]s mn onrrhakd
rdqhdr ne rtbbdrretk bg]mfdr ne o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sdr b]m ad khjd sghr- Sgd hmsthshnm hr

18
Nmd b]m ]rj vgx hs hr bk]hldc sg]s qdoqdrdmsr ] o]qsh]k adkhde ]mc mns ] etkk adkhde) fhudm sg]s) hm
sghr b]rd) vd jmnv vhsg bdqs]hmsx sg]s sgd rxrsdl g]r rohm to- Sgdqd ]qd svn qdronmrdr sn sghr- Ehqrs) dudm
sgntfg sghr rs]sd hr mns ] mnm,sqhuh]k rtodqonrhshnm hm nmd a]rhr) hs hr ] mnm,sqhuh]k rtodqonrhshnm hm ]mnsgdq
a]rhr- Sgdqdenqd) sgd e]bs sg]s hs hr mns ] mnm,sqhuh]k rtodqonrhshnm hm sgd a]rhr }⟩ ↑ ⟩ hr mns dmntfg
sn bk]hl sg]s hs hr ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg dw]bskx nmd bnlokdsd rs]sd - Rdbnmc) dudm he nmd nq lnqd( ne sgd
rs]sdr vd ]qd ]m]kxrhmf v]r ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg dw]bskx nmd ) hm vghbg b]rd sgd bnqqdronmchmf oqna]ahkhsx
chrsqhatshnm vntkc ]ssqhatsd oqna]ahkhsx 0 sn sghr ) rtbg ] rs]sd bntkc rshkk ad bnmbdhudc ne ]r qdoqdrdmshmf
] o]qsh]k adkhde hm ntq rdmrd ]kadhs ] sqhuh]k nmd(- Ne bntqrd) sghr sqhuh]k o]qsh]k adkhde vntkc rsqhbskx bnqqd,
ronmc sn rnld etkk adkhde) ats sghr hr mns hlonqs]ms enq tr gdqd- Sgd eq]ldvnqj trdc hm sghr rdbshnm b]m ad
]ookhdc dpt]kkx vdkk sn o]qsh]k adkhder sg]s ]qd mnm,sqhuh]k h-d-) ]kk oqna]ahkhshdr ]qd rl]kkdq sg]m 0( ]mc sn
sgnrd sg]s ]qd sqhuh]k h-d-) nmd ne sgd oqna]ahkhshdr hr dpt]k sn 0(- Sghr hr adb]trd o]qsh]k adkhder adknmfhmf
sn ansg bk]rrdr b]m ad ]rrdrrdc vhsg qdrodbs sn sgdhq oqnwhlhsx sn sgd sqtsg ]mc cdfqdd ne hmenql]shudmdrr
]r vdkk ]r nsgdq o]q]ldsdqr du]kt]shmf sgd fnncmdrr ne o]qsh]k adkhder) he sgdqd ]qd ]mx(”]mc sghr hr sgdhq
nmkx ed]stqd sg]s hr qdkdu]ms enq lx eq]ldvnqj- Hm sgd b]rd ne sqhuh]k o]qsh]k adkhder) rnld ne sgdrd o]q]l,
dsdqr vntkc odqg]or nas]hm nmkx dwsqdld u]ktdr d-f-) ] sqhuh]k o]qsh]k adkhde lhfgs ad dhsgdq sqtd rhlokhb,
hsdq nq e]krd rhlokhbhsdq: hs b]mmns g]ud ]mx ne sgd hmsdqldch]sd cdfqddr ne bknrdmdrr sn sqtsg(- Gnvdudq)
sghr cndr mns oqdudms sgd ]ookhb]ahkhsx ne lx eq]ldvnqj sn sgdl-

02
 11 O‘fd 15 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

]r enkknvr9 he vd hloqnud hm sgd bg]mfd eqnl sn ) sgdm vd b]mmns hloqnud hm sgd

qdudqrd bg]mfd eqnl sn ) ats sgd k]ssdq hr dw]bskx sgd r]ld ]r sgd bg]mfd eqnl
sn adb]trd 2 - Sgd hmsthshnm adghmc sgd ]qftldms hr ]r rhlokd ]r sghr) ats
adb]trd ntq bnmchshnmr cd“mhmf ] rtbbdrretk bg]mfd ne ] o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sd ]qd pthsd
bnlokdw) rgnvhmf sghr hm cds]hk qdpthqdr lnqd dünqs-
Kds tr rs]qs ax nardquhmf sg]s 4 dms]hkr sg]s j4 j enq ]kk n … , - Sghr
vhkk ad trdc hm sgd enkknvhmf kdll]9

Kdll‘ 0 Enq dudqx n { …, } + he 4 + sgdm _ o_q_ldsdq j hmbqd_rdr hm nmd

ne sgd sq_mrhshnmr 3 nq 4 hž hs cdbqd_rdr hm sgd nsgdq-

offP @rrtld sg]s j hmbqd]rdr hm sgd “qrs sq]mrhshnm rn sg]s j3 j - Ntq ]rrtloshnm
4 kd]cr sn j4 j ) rn vd g]ud j3 j ) vghbg ld]mr sg]s hm sgd rdbnmc sq]mrh,
shnm sghr o]q]ldsdq cdbqd]rdr h-d-) sgd nsgdq svn noshnmr) j4 j ]mc j4 j ) ]qd
dwbktcdc(- @m]knfntrkx) he j cdbqd]rdr hm sgd “qrs sq]mrhshnm) hs mddcr sn hmbqd]rd hm
sgd rdbnmc sq]mrhshnm- Mnv) ]rrtld sg]s j hmbqd]rdr hm sgd rdbnmc sq]mrhshnm rn sg]s
j4 j - Ntq ]rrtloshnm 4 kd]cr sn j4 j ) rn vd g]ud j2 j ) vghbg ld]mr
sg]s hm sgd “qrs sq]mrhshnm sghr o]q]ldsdq cdbqd]rdr- @m]knfntrkx) he j cdbqd]rdr hm
sgd rdbnmc sq]mrhshnm) hs mddcr sn hmbqd]rd hm sgd “qrs sq]mrhshnm-

Sgd ]anud kdll] vhkk gdko tr hm oqnuhmf sgd sgdnqdl sg]s dwbktcdr sgd rbdm]qhn
vd ]qd hmudrshf]shmf9

Sgdnqdl 0 He+ hm _ rdqhdr ne bg_mfdr ne o_qsh_k adkhde rs_sdr 3 4 + sgd ›qrs

_mc sgd k_rs adkhde rs_sd hr sgd r_ld &h-d-+ 4 (+ sgdm hs b_mmns ad sgd b_rd sg_s d_bg
sq_mrhshnm i i hr _m hmrs_mbd ne bkd_q dohrsdlhb rtbbdrr nq tmbkd_q dohrsdlhb
rtbbdrr-

offP Bnmrhcdq ] rdqhdr ne bg]mfdr ne o]qsh]k adkhde rs]sdr 3 4 rtbg sg]s

4 - Enq qdctbshn) ]rrtld sg]s d]bg sq]mrhshnm i i hm sghr rdqhdr hr ]m
hmrs]mbd ne dohrsdlhb rtbbdrr bkd]q nq tmbkd]q(- @rrtld vhsgnts knrr ne fdmdq]k,
hsx sg]s hm sgd “qrs sq]mrhshnm sgd o]q]ldsdqr j vhsg m hmbqd]rd) sgd o]q]ldsdqr
j vhsg j2 j cdbqd]rd) sgd o]q]ldsdqr j vhsg j3 j cn mns bg]mfd)
]mc sgd o]q]ldsdqr j vhsg j n bg]mfd hmsn hmbnlo]q]akd nmdr- Vd jmnv
sg]s 0 adb]trd) enq ]mx jhmc ne rtbbdrr) ]s kd]rs nmd o]q]ldsdq ltrs hmbqd]rd(
]mc sg]s 1 sgd kdll] snfdsgdq vhsg sgd e]bs sg]s hm sgd rdbnmc sq]mrhshnm ]s
kd]rs nmd o]q]ldsdq hmbqd]rdr dms]hk sg]s hm sgd “qrs sq]mrhshnm ]s kd]rs nmd o]q]ldsdq
cdbqd]rdr(- Sn bnlodmr]sd enq sgd cdbqd]rd ne sgd o]q]ldsdqr j vhsg j2 j)
vd mddc sn g]ud
j1 j3
| v v
| v v
g) 1 .
g) 1 . 4(
v+j3 (3 v+3

Gnvdudq)

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 16 ne 24 11

j2 j2 j2
| v v
| v v
| v v
g) 3 4
( g) 4
( g) 4 5(
v(2 v(2 v(2

sgd “qrs dpt]khsx bnldr eqnl j4 j ]mc sgd rdbnmc eqnl sgd oqnodqshdr ne sgd o]q,
sh]k etmbshnm u(- Rhlhk]qkx)
j1 j1 j1
| v v
| v v
| v v
g) 1 4
+ g) . 4
+ g) 4 . 6(
v+j3 (3 v+j3 (3 v+j3 (3

Sghr hlokhdr sg]s

j1 j3
| v v
| v v
g) 4 ,
g) 4 , 7(
v+j3 (3 v+3

sg]s hr) hm sgd rdbnmc sq]mrhshnm sgd rtl ne sgd u]ktdr ne sgd o]qsh]k etmbshnm u enq
sgd “qrs o]q]ldsdqr hr k]qfdq sg]m sgd rtl ne sgd u]ktdr ne sgd o]qsh]k etmbshnm u
enq sgd o]q]ldsdqr j vhsg j2 j - Gnvdudq) sghr hr oqdbhrdkx sgd noonrhsd ne
vg]s vd v]msdc adb]trd hm sgd rdbnmc sq]mrhshnm sgd “qrs o]q]ldsdqr  cdbqd]rd)
vgdqd]r o]q]ldsdqr j vhsg j2 j hmbqd]rd ]mc sgdqd ]qd mn nsgdq hmbqd]rhmf
nq cdbqd]rhmf o]q]ldsdqr) vghbg enkknvr eqnl sgd kdll] ]mc eqnl sgd e]bs sg]s sgdrd
]qd sgd nmkx hmbqd]rhmf nq cdbqd]rhmf o]q]ldsdqr hm sgd “qrs sq]mrhshnm(- Sgdqdenqd)
Dp- 7( ld]mr sg]s hm sgd rdbnmc sq]mrhshnm sgd hmbqd]rhmf o]q]ldsdqr cn mns bnlodm,
r]sd enq sgd cdbqd]rhmf nmdr) vghbg bnmsq]chbsr sgd ]rrtloshnm sg]s ansg sq]mrhshnmr
]qd b]rdr ne dohrsdlhb rtbbdrr-

Adenqd bknrhmf sghr rdbshnm) kds tr mnshbd sg]s sgd ]anud ]qftldms g]r addm enqltk]sdc
enq ] o]qshbtk]q rdptdmbd ne ntsbnldr) vghbg hr onrrhakd ]bbnqchmf sn pt]mstl ldbg]m,
hbr) ]ksgntfg hsr qd]khr]shnm hr mns ft]q]msddc- Enq dw]lokd) hm sgd k]rs ne sgd sgqdd ld]r,
tqdldmsr) nmd bntkc nas]hm = ⟩ ) hm vghbg b]rd vd vntkc g]ud 4 - Hm e]bs)
sgdqd hr ] 0 bg]mbd sg]s vd vhkk nas]hm sgd ntsbnld sg]s H g]ud trdc h-d-) ⟩ ( ]mc
] 0 bg]mbd sg]s vd vhkk nas]hm sgd nsgdq ntsbnld h-d-) ⟩ (- Cndr sghr vd]jdm sgd
enqbd ne lx ]qftldms= H cn mns sghmj rn9 lx hmsdmshnm v]r sn itrs bnmrhcdq sghr o]qshbt,
k]q rdptdmbd ne ntsbnldr ]mc sn ]rj vgdsgdq sghr o]qshbtk]q rdptdmbd bntkc ad hmsdq,
oqdsdc ]r bnmrhrshmf ne rtbbdrretk dohrsdlhb bg]mfdr- He sgd ]mrvdq hr ‘mn• ]r H ]qftdc
enq() sgdm vd qdidbsdc hm sghr v]x ] gxonsgdrhr vhsg sgd tmhudqr]k pt]msh“dq( sg]s _kk
ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ordr b]m ad tmcdqrsnnc ]r rtbbdrretk dohrsdlhb bg]mfdr-
Sghr kd]udr nodm sgd onrrhahkhsx sg]s ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ordr ]qd dohrsdlhb
bg]mfdr sg]s ]qd mns ]kv]xr rtbbdrretk: hmcddc) sghr hr nmd ne sgd noshnmr H ]bjmnvkdcfd
]r adhmf kdes enq ] rtoonqsdq ne sgd dohrsdlhb uhdv hm sgd mdws rdbshnm h-d-) noshnm 2((-
Rshkk) nmd b]m ]rj vgdsgdq sgdqd hr rnldsghmf sn ad r]hc ]ants sgd ]ksdqm]shud nts,
bnld) sg]s hr) = ⟩ - He vd ]rrtld sg]s sgd rtoonqsr ne = ⟩ ]mc ⟩
nudqk]o dloshkx) sgdm he sgd bg]mfdr ctd sn sgd bnkk]ord ]qd ldqdkx dohrsdlhb) hs ltrs
ad sgd b]rd sg]s ]s rnld onhms ntq adkhder ]ants sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl
vdqd dmshqdkx vqnmf9 dhsgdq sgd ]bst]k bnlokdsd rs]sd v]r mns hm sgd rtoonqs ne
nq hs v]r mns hm sgd rtoonqs ne - Sghr ld]mr sg]s dhsgdq vd vdqd dmshqdkx vqnmf

02
 11 O‘fd 17 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

hm ntq hmhsh]k rs]sd ]rbqhoshnm nq rnld ne sgd bg]mfdr ne ntq adkhder vdqd mns dohr,
sdlhb]kkx rtbbdrretk- Gnvdudq) sgd ldmshnmdc ]rrtloshnm ]ants rtoonqsr enkknvr
eqnl sgd OAQ 1/01( sgdnqdl) rn he sgd oqdlhrdr ne sghr sgdnqdl ]qd r]shr“dc) sgdm
sghr ]rrtloshnm hr sqtd- Sghr rgnvr ]f]hm sgd qdkdu]mbd ne sgd OAQ sgdnqdl enq sgd
qdenqltk]sdc cda]sd-(

4 Sgd Qdl‘hmhmf Noshnmr enq sgd Dohrsdlhb Uhdv

H g]ud ]qftdc sg]s adb]trd jmnvkdcfd hr e]bshud) sgnrd  rs]sdr sg]s qdoqdrdms rnld,
nmd|r jmnvkdcfd ]ants sgd ogxrhb]k qd]khsx sgdqdax ]krn qdoqdrdms rnldsghmf ]ants
sgd ogxrhb]k qd]khsx hsrdke- Sghr kdc ld sn sgd bnmbktrhnm sg]s) hmrsd]c ne ]rjhmf
vgdsgdq ] fhudm rs]sd hr nmshb nq dohrsdlhb) vd rgntkc q]sgdq ]rj vgdsgdq ] fhudm
bg]mfd ne rs]sd hr nmshb nq dohrsdlhb- Hm o]qshbtk]q) sgd ptdrshnm vnqsg ]rjhmf hm sgd
bnmsdws ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr hr vgdsgdq sgd ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord ne sgd
pt]mstl rs]sd b]m ad hmsdqoqdsdc ]r ]m dohrsdlhb]kkx rtbbdrretk bg]mfd ne ntq o]q,
sh]k adkhder ]ants sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl- H g]ud ]qftdc enq sgd mdf]shud
]mrvdq sn sghr ptdrshnm- Gnvdudq) sghr cndr mns ld]m sg]s mn noshnmr ]qd kdes enq sgd
cdedmcdqr ne sgd dohrsdlhb uhdv nm sgd bg]mfd ne pt]mstl rs]sdr hm sgd ld]rtqd,
ldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord-
H sghmj sg]s sgdx b]m s]jd nmd ne sgd enkknvhmf onrhshnmr9

0( Cdmx sgd dwhrsdmbd ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr-

1( @bbdos sgd dwhrsdmbd ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr ats sqd]s pt]mstl rs]sdr ]r nmkx ]rrnbh,
]sdc vhsg oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnmr nudq ld]rtqdldms qdrtksr) mns nudq sgd ro]bd
ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr-
2( @rrtld sg]s sgd bg]mfdr ne ntq o]qsh]k adkhder hm ]bbnqc]mbd vhsg sgd bnkk]ord
qtkd ]qd mns ]kv]xr rtbbdrretk: sg]s hr) sgdx ]qd rnldshldr bg]mfdr eqnl adssdq
o]qsh]k adkhder sn vnqrd nq hmbnlo]q]akd o]qsh]k adkhder-
3( Cdmx sgd ]rrtloshnm sg]s sgd bg]mfd ne pt]mstl rs]sd adsvddm bnmrdbtshud
ld]rtqdldmsr hm ]bbnqc]mbd vhsg sgd Rbgqóchmfdq dpt]shnm b]m ad hfmnqdc-
4( Hmsdqoqds sgd bnkk]ord ]r o]qsh]kkx dohrsdlhb ]mc o]qsh]kkx nmshb-

Kds tr knnj lnqd bknrdkx ]s d]bg ne sgdrd onrhshnmr hm stqm-

Sgd “qrs noshnm ]lntmsr sn qdidbshmf sgd vgnkd eq]ldvnqj ne nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr)
]r ots enqv]qc ax GR 1/0/( ]mc qduhdvdc hm Rdbs- 1- Sghr rddlr sn ad sgd lnrs ono,
tk]q onrhshnm ]lnmf sgd cdedmcdqr ne sgd dohrsdlhb uhdv nm pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr be-
Kdhedq 1/03)o- 61) vgdqd sgd khrs ne oqnonmdmsr ne sghr noshnm) b]kkdc ax ghl ‘mdn,
Bnodmg]fdm•) hr ltbg knmfdq sg]m sgd khrs ne cdedmcdqr ne sgd dohrsdlhb uhdv vgn
vntkc ]bbdos sgd eq]ldvnqj ne nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr(-2/ Sghr hr ] rhfmh“b]ms khlhs]shnm
2/
Enq dw]lokd) PAhrl hr a]rdc nm sgd hcd] sg]s oqna]ahkhshdr qdoqdrdms o]qsh]k adkhder: gnvdudq) sgdrd
]qd mns oqna]ahkhshdr ]rrhfmdc sn bnlokdsd rs]sdr ats q]sgdq ]qd oqna]ahkhshdr ne ld]rtqdldms ntsbnldr
b]kbtk]sdc uh] sgd Anqm qtkd rdd) d-f-) B]udr ds ]k- 1//1) o- 2(- Etbgr ds ]k- 1/03( hcdmshex ld]rtqdldms
ntsbnldr vhsg ]m ]fdms|r odqrnm]k dwodqhdmbdr ]mc tmcdqrs]mc pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr ]r ‘] snnk ]mxnmd b]m
trd sn du]kt]sd) nm sgd a]rhr ne nmd|r o]rs dwodqhdmbd) nmd|r oqna]ahkhrshb dwodbs]shnmr enq nmd|r rtard,

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 18 ne 24 11

enq ansg lx ]qftldms ]mc sgd OAQ sgdnqdl ]r vdkk ]r GR|r eq]ldvnqj ne nmsnknfh,
b]k lncdkr hm fdmdq]k( adb]trd sgdx bqtbh]kkx qdkx nm sgd ]rrtloshnm ne sgd dwhrsdmbd
ne rds ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr ) vghbg ld]mr sg]s sgd lnrs onotk]q u]qhdsx ne dohrsdlhb
onrhshnmr hr dmshqdkx hlltmd sn sgdrd ]qftldmsr-
Rhlhk]qkx) sgd ]ooqn]bg ne OAQ ]mc lx nvm ]rrtld sg]s ] pt]mstl rs]sd b]m ad
tmcdqrsnnc ]r ] oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm nudq sgd rds ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr) vghbg ld]mr
sg]s ] cdedmcdq ne sgd rdbnmc noshnm nm ntq khrs b]m ]krn hfmnqd sgdrd ]qftldmsr-
Gnvdudq) sghr onrhshnm rddlr sn ad tmrs]akd adb]trd) he sgdqd hr ] bnlokdsd rs]sd sgd
rxrsdl hr hm) sgdm sghr rs]sd rgntkc bnmrsq]hm vg]s sgd onrrhakd qdrtksr ne ld]rtqd,
ldmsr bnmctbsdc nm sghr rxrsdl ]qd ]mc cn sghr ]s kd]rs ]r oqdbhrdkx ]r sgd pt]mstl
rs]sd cndr: ats he ansg sgd pt]mstl rs]sd ]mc bnlokdsd rs]sd bnmrsq]hm sgd onrrhakd
ld]rtqdldms qdrtksr) hs hr chffbtks sn hl]fhmd sg]s sgd pt]mstl rs]sd hr mns qdk]sdc hm
]mx v]x sn sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd-
Sn bnlldms nm sgd sghqc noshnm) hs lhfgs rddl ctahntr ]s “qrs fk]mbd9 he trhmf
sgd bnkk]ord qtkd qdmcdqr ntq o]qsh]k adkhder vnqrd sg]m sgdx vdqd adenqd nq mdh,
sgdq adssdq mnq vnqrd() vgx vntkc vd trd hs ]s ]kk= Hs rddlr sg]s) hm rtbg ] b]rd) hs
vntkc ad lnqd dohrsdlhb]kkx oqn“s]akd sn ]a]mcnm sghr qtkd- Gnvdudq) he vd chc mns
‘toc]sd• sgd rs]sd ]esdq ntq “qrs ld]rtqdldms eqnl sn ) sgdm ntq oqdchbshnmr
vntkc ad dlohqhb]kkx kdrr ]cdpt]sd) rn sgd ‘toc]shmf• bkd]qkx bnmsqhatsdr sn sgd oqd,
chbshud rtbbdrr ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr- Cdrohsd hsr hmhsh]k ]ood]k) sghr ]qftldms]shnm
cndr mns dmshqdkx dwbktcd sgd onrhshnm vhsg mtladq 2( nm lx khrs- Dudm he trhmf sgd
bnkk]ord qtkd ]kv]xr hloqnudr ntq oqdchbshnmr bnmbdqmhmf sgd ld]rtqdldms qdrtksr)
sghr cndr mns ]tsnl]shb]kkx ld]m sg]s hs ]kv]xr hloqnudr ntq o]qsh]k adkhder ]ants
sgd bnlokdsd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl- Odqg]or hm sghr qdf]qc) sgd bnkk]ord qtkd rnldshldr
kd]cr sn bg]mfdr ne ntq o]qsh]k adkhder sg]s ]qd mns dohrsdlhb]kkx rtbbdrretk ats hm ]
v]x sg]s hr hlonrrhakd enq tr sn qdbnfmhrd) rn sg]s) cdrohsd sghr cq]va]bj) pt]mstl
ldbg]mhbr hr rshkk sgd adrs sgdnqx ne pt]mstl ogdmnldm] ]u]hk]akd sn tr-
Sgd entqsg noshnm hr a]rdc nm sgd nardqu]shnm sg]s ntq cdbhrhnm sn hfmnqd sgd
Rbgqóchmfdq dunktshnm adsvddm ld]rtqdldmsr v]r ]m hcd]khr]shnm- Gnvdudq) H “mc
hs hlok]trhakd sg]s hs hr sghr hcd]khr]shnm sg]s v]r qdronmrhakd enq sgd bnmsq]chbshnm ]s
vghbg vd g]ud ]qqhudc- He sgd Rbgqóchmfdq dunktshnm v]r mnm,mdfkhfhakd hm sghr rbd,
m]qhn) sgdm vd rgntkc fds ]m hloqnudldms ne ntq oqdchbshnmr ne ld]rtqdldms qdrtksr
ax trhmf hs) ats sghr hr mns sgd b]rd”he sgd sdlonq]k chrs]mbd adsvddm sgd ld]rtqd,
ldmsr hr udqx rl]kk) sgdm hs b]m ad r]edkx hfmnqdc-
Sgd k]rs noshnm lhfgs rddl sn ad rhlhk]q sn vg]s hr oqnonrdc ax G]mbd ds  ]k-
1/11() vgn bk]hl sg]s ] v]ud etmbshnm b]m g]ud) hm rnld ]rodbsr) ]m dohrsdlhb
m]stqd ]mc) hm rnld ]rodbsr) ]m nmshb m]stqd- Gnvdudq) qdb]kk sg]s vg]s vd ]qd bnm,
rhcdqhmf gdqd hr mns sgd nmshb nq dohrsdlhb bg]q]bsdq ne ] v]ud etmbshnm vghbg H
]qftdc hr ansg nmshb ]mc dohrsdlhb hm sgd oghknrnoghb]k rdmrd ne sgdrd vnqcr fhudm
ax Cde- 0( ats ne sgd bg]mfdr ne ] v]ud etmbshnm- Sgd ]ooqn]bg sn dohrsdlhb bg]mfd

Ennsmnsd 2/ bnmshmtdc(
ptdms dwodqhdmbd• 1/03) o- 638(: sgdx dwokhbhskx cdmx sgd dwhrsdmbd ne bnlokdsd rs]sdr 1/03) o- 641( ]mc
itrshex sghr cdmh]k ax ]ood]khmf sn sgd e]bs sg]s |r cn mns bnqqdronmc sn ]mxsghmf hm pt]mstl sgdnqx nq hm
ntq dwodqhdmbd-

02
 11 O‘fd 2/ ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

oqdrdmsdc gdqd ]r vdkk ]r sgd rs]mc]qc A]xdrh]m dohrsdlnknfx( hr mns rths]akd enq
cd]khmf vhsg rtbg ] lhwdc uhdv- Sghr hr adb]trd) enq ] bg]mfd sn ad ] bg]mfd ne
rnldnmd|r adkhder ]ants ] bdqs]hm rs]sd ne ]ü]hqr) sghr rs]sd ne ]ü]hqr hsrdke ltrs
qdl]hm sgd r]ld”nsgdqvhrd) vg]s vntkc sgdrd adkhder ad ]ants) ]mc gnv bntkc
vd bnlo]qd sgdl vhsg qdrodbs sn gnv ]bbtq]sd sgdx ]qd hm b]ostqhmf sghr rs]sd ne
]ü]hqr= Bg]mfdr ne adkhder ]qd hlokhbhskx tmcdqrsnnc ]r bg]mfdr ne adkhder nm sgd
r]ld rtaidbs- Ne bntqrd) sgd hloqnudldms ne ntq jmnvkdcfd ]ants rnld rs]sd ne
]ü]hqr cndr mns qdpthqd sg]s sghr rs]sd vhkk rshkk ad oqdrdms hm sgd vnqkc9 sghr lhfgs ad
]m hloqnudldms ne ntq jmnvkdcfd ]ants sgd rs]sd ne ]ü]hqr sg]s adknmfr sn sgd o]rs-
Vg]s hr qdpthqdc sn mns bg]mfd hr nmkx sgd rodbh“b]shnm ne sgd rtaidbs ne ntq adkhder-
Gnvdudq) sgd lhwstqd ne dohrsdlhb ]mc nmshb bg]mfd rddlr sn ]lntms sn ] bg]mfd ne
adkhder snfdsgdq vhsg vg]s sgdrd adkhder ]qd ]ants: sgdqdenqd) hs hr oqdbhrdkx sghr bnl,
ahm]shnm sg]s hr oqnakdl]shb- H cn mns v]ms sn bk]hl sg]s nmd b]mmns athkc ]m ]bbntms
sn cd]k vhsg dohrsdlhb bg]mfd ne sghr jhmc) ats enq sghr) rnld mdv enql]k snnkr vntkc
ad mddcdc-20
Rtllhmf to) lx ]qftldms]shnm rtqdkx cndr mns qtkd nts ]kk dohrsdlhb uhdvr nm
sgd m]stqd ne ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc pt]mstl bnkk]ord ats otsr qdrsqhbshud bnmrsq]hmsr
nm sgd bk]rr ne ]u]hk]akd noshnmr- Sghr ]qftldms]shnm hr qdkdu]ms nmkx sn ]ooqn]bgdr
]rrtlhmf sg]s sgdqd ]qd bnlokdsd rs]sdr ne pt]mstl rxrsdlr) rn nmd lhfgs r]x sg]s hs
sgqd]sdmr kdrr dwsqdld u]qh]msr ne sgd dohrsdlhb uhdv ]mc cndr mns g]ud ]mx ad]qhmf
nm lnqd dwsqdld nmdr) rtbg ]r PAhrl-

5 Qdl‘qjr Bnmbdqmhmf Sgdnqhdr Vhsgnts Ld‘rtqdldms,Hmctbdc

Bnkk‘ord

Nmd b]m naidbs sn lx ]m]kxrhr sg]s oqnuhmf ] rs]sdldms vgnrd ]ookhb]shnm hr khl,
hsdc nmkx sn sgdnqhdr a]rdc nm ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord hr mns oghknrnoghb]kkx
hmsdqdrshmf adb]trd rtbg sgdnqhdr ]qd mns sgd lnrs oghknrnoghb]kkx hmsdqdrshmf udq,
rhnmr ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr btqqdmskx ]u]hk]akd-21 H cn mns ]fqdd sg]s sghr hr tmhm,
sdqdrshmf adb]trd sgd bnmbdos ne ] ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord g]r addm bdmsq]k)
mns l]qfhm]k) hm sgd chrbtrrhnm ]ants pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr sgqntfgnts hsr ghrsnqx)
]mc hs hr rshkk bnllnmkx trdc hm sgd hmsqnctbsnqx dwonrhshnmr ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr

20
Ax ]m]knfx vhsg ntq enqldq snx dw]lokd hm vghbg sgd knb]shnm ne lx jdxr v]r rntfgs) nmd lhfgs
hkktrsq]sd sgd lhwdc dohrsdlhb,nmshb bg]mfd ax ld]mr ne ] rhlhk]q dw]lokd vhsg ] qtmmhmf g]lrsdq- H v]ms
lx adkhder ]ants sgd knb]shnm ne sgd g]lrsdq sn bnhmbhcd vhsg hsr ]bst]k knb]shnm ]s ]mx lnldms- Adb]trd
sgd g]lrsdq hr qtmmhmf) hs lhfgs g]oodm sg]s lx adkhder hloqnud nq vnqrdm mns ]r ] qdrtks ne bnmrhcdq,
hmf rnld mdv duhcdmbd) ats ldqdkx ]r ] qdrtks ne sgd bg]mfd ne sgd rs]sd ne sgd g]lrsdq- Sghr hr hm rs]qj
bnmsq]rs sn sgd v]x ne sghmjhmf hm sgd rs]mc]qc A]xdrh]m dohrsdlnknfx) vgdqd sgd hloqnudldms nq vnqr,
dmhmf ne lx adkhder lhfgs g]oodm nmkx ctd sn sgd toc]shmf ne lx adkhde rs]sd hm khfgs ne mdv duhcdmbd-
Sgd qd]rnm enq sghr hr sg]s) hm sgd rs]mc]qc b]rd) sgd rtaidbs ne lx adkhder hr gdkc “wdc) vgdqd]r) gdqd) vd
v]ms ntq adkhder ]s ]mx shld sn sq]bj sgd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl ]s sg]s shld) rn sgd rtaidbs ne lx adkhder hr
bnmrs]mskx bg]mfhmf-
21
Sghr naidbshnm v]r rtffdrsdc sn ld ax ]m ]mnmxlntr qduhdvdq- Enq bqhshbhrl ne sgd bnmbdos ne ld]r,
tqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord rdd) enq dw]lokd) Adkk 088/() V]kk]bd 1/01) oo- 00fl34() ]mc L]tckhm 1/08)
o- 8(-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 20 ne 24 11

mnv]c]xr- Vg]s hr lnqd) sgd cdedmcdqr ne sgd hmsdqoqds]shnmr ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr

sg]s cn mns qdedq sn ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord trt]kkx qdf]qc sgd bg]mfdr ne ]
v]ud etmbshnm ]r nmshb-
Hm ]mx b]rd) nmd bntkc ]rj vgdsgdq lx hcd]r b]m ad dwsdmcdc hm rnld v]x sn
bnudq nsgdq hmsdqoqds]shnmr nq udqrhnmr( ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr-22 Lx ]qftldms hm
Rdbs-  3 bntkc mns ad rsq]hfgsenqv]qckx b]qqhdc enqv]qc sn sghr b]rd ]r hs bqtbh]kkx
qdkhdr nm sgd ]rrtloshnm sg]s sgd bnkk]ord hr ]rrnbh]sdc vhsg ] ld]rtqdldms adb]trd)
vhsgnts sg]s) vd vntkc mns nas]hm sgd düdbs ne bnlhmf a]bj sn sgd r]ld rs]sd ⟩ -
Gnvdudq) H adkhdud sg]s sgd dohrsdlhb tmcdqrs]mchmf ne sgd bg]mfd ne ] v]ud etmb,
shnm hr tm]ssq]bshud enq l]mx hmsdqoqds]shnmr nq udqrhnmr( ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr sg]s
cn mns onrstk]sd ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord) vghbg H vhkk ]qftd enq adknv) trhmf
rnld dkdldmsr ne sgd eq]ldvnqj cdudknodc d]qkhdq-
Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf sgqdd bk]rrdr ne hmsdqoqds]shnmr nq udqrhnmr( ne pt]mstl
ldbg]mhbr vhsgnts ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord h-d-) ]rrtlhmf sg]s sgdqd hr ] rhm,
fkd dunktshnm qtkd enq sgd v]ud etmbshnm(9

· bk]rr 09 sgd v]ud etmbshnm hr bnlokdsd ]mc dunkudr cdsdqlhmhrshb]kkx l]sgdl]sh,

b]kkx rod]jhmf23(:
· bk]rr 19 sgd v]ud etmbshnm hr hmbnlokdsd ]mc dunkudr cdsdqlhmhrshb]kkx l]sgd,
l]shb]kkx rod]jhmf(: ]mc

22
Nmd b]m vnmcdq vg]s bntkc ad sgd trdetkmdrr ne rtbg bnmrhcdq]shnmr he sgd ]cunb]sdr ne sgdrd hmsdq,
oqds]shnmr ]kqd]cx qdf]qc sgd bg]mfdr ne sgd pt]mstl rs]sd ]r nmshb- Vg]s) enq dw]lokd) bntkc Anglh]mr
kd]qm eqnl lx o]odq ]ants sgdhq sgdnqx= Lx ]mrvdq gdqd hr svnenkc- Ehqrs) dudm he sgd ]bst]k rtoonqsdqr ne
] bdqs]hm l]sgdl]shb]k enql]khrl g]oodm sn ]fqdd nm hsr hmsdqoqds]shnm) sghr cndr mns ld]m sg]s sghr enq,
l]khrl bntkc mns ad tmcdqrsnnc hm ] chüdqdms v]x- Sn rdd sgd qdkdu]mbd ne lx bnmrhcdq]shnmr enq u]qhntr
hmsdqoqds]shnmr ne PL) hs hr gdkoetk sn s]jd ] rsdo a]bj ]mc hl]fhmd rnldnmd vgn hr bnllhssdc sn ] fhudm
l]sgdl]shb]k enql]khrl d-f-) ne Anglh]m ldbg]mhbr( ats hr tmrtqd ]ants hsr ogxrhb]k ld]mhmf ]mc sgdm
sn ]rj vg]s sgd qd]rnm]akd noshnmr enq rtbg ] odqrnm vntkc ad- Sgdm) lx ]qftldmsr lhfgs bnmuhmbd rtbg
] odqrnm sg]s) vhsghm sgdhq e]untqhsd enql]khrl) sgd bg]mfdr ne sgd pt]mstl rs]sd rgntkc mns ad tmcdq,
rsnnc ]r dohrsdlhb- Rdbnmc) sgdqd rddl sn ad rnld dwbdoshnmr sn sgd ldmshnmdc qtkd9 enq dw]lokd) rnld
ne sgd Anglh]mr bk]hl sg]s sgd v]ud etmbshnmr rgntkc ad tmcdqrsnnc ]r ] mnlnknfhb]k dmshsx”hs hr ‘]
bnlonmdms ne ogxrhb]k k]v q]sgdq sg]m ne sgd qd]khsx cdrbqhadc ax sgd k]v• Cöqq ds ]k- 0886) o- 22(- Sgd
hlokhb]shnmr ne sghr uhdv enq sgd nmshbfldohrsdlhb cda]sd cdodmc nm ntq uhdv nm sgd k]vr ne m]stqd: he sgdx
]qd tmcdqrsnnc qd]khrshb]kkx) sgdm rtbg ] bnmbdoshnm ne sgd v]ud etmbshnm rshkk rddlr sn ad nmshb- @ksgntfg
Cöqq ds ]k- 0886) o- 22( bk]hl sg]s ‘sgd v]ud etmbshnm ne sgd tmhudqrd hr mns ]m dkdldms ne ogxrhb]k qd]k,
hsx•) vghbg lhfgs rtffdrs ]m dohrsdlhb qd]chmf) H sghmj sg]s sgdhq uhdv hr ] rodbhdr ne ]m nmshb uhdv) rhmbd
sgdx ]krn r]x sg]s ‘sgd v]ud etmbshnm adknmfr sn ]m ]ksnfdsgdq chüdqdms b]sdfnqx ne dwhrsdmbd sg]m sg]s
ne rtars]mshud ogxrhb]k dmshshdr•) mns sg]s hs cndr mns adknmf sn ]mx b]sdfnqx ne dwhrsdmbd ]s ]kk- Gnvdudq)
sgd mnlnknfhb]k uhdv nm sgd pt]mstl rs]sd) he bnlahmdc vhsg sgd dohrsdlhb uhdv nm sgd k]vr ne m]stqd)
lhfgs hm oqhmbhokd nodm sgd cnnq enq rnld jhmc ne dohrsdlhb tmcdqrs]mchmf ne sgd pt]mstl rs]sd vhsghm
sgd Anglh]m eq]ldvnqj) hm vghbg b]rd lx ]qftldmsr hm Rdbs- 5 lhfgs adbnld qdkdu]ms ]ksgntfg sghr
cdodmcr nm sgd cds]hkr ne sgd o]qshbtk]q b]rd(-
23
Sgd pt]kh“b]shnm ‘l]sgdl]shb]kkx rod]jhmf• hr ]ccdc sn rhfm]k sg]s sghr rs]sdldms cndr mns oqdrto,
onrd sg]s sgd ogxrhb]k ogdmnldm] sgdlrdkudr ]qd hm(cdsdqlhmhrshb) ats hs bnmbdqmr nmkx sgd enql]k ed],
stqd ne sgd eq]ldvnqj- Fhudm sghr tmcdqrs]mchmf) hs l]jdr rdmrd sn ]rj vgdsgdq ] fhudm bg]mfd ne ] pt]m,
stl rs]sd hr nmshb nq dohrsdlhb: he hm(cdsdqlhmhrl v]r tmcdqrsnnc qhfgs ]s sgd adfhmmhmf ]r sgd ed]stqd ne
sgd ogxrhb]k ogdmnldm] qdoqdrdmsdc ax sgd eq]ldvnqj) sghr vntkc adf sgd ptdrshnm hm e]untq ne sgd nmshb
qd]chmf ne ] fhudm jhmc ne bg]mfd ne pt]mstl rs]sdr-

02
 11 O‘fd 21 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

· bk]rr 29 sgd v]ud etmbshnm hr bnlokdsd ]mc dunkudr hmcdsdqlhmhrshb]kkx l]sgd,

l]shb]kkx rod]jhmf(-

S]jdm snfdsgdq) sgdrd sgqdd bk]rrdr bnudq l]mx ne sgd jmnvm hmsdqoqds]shnmr nq udq,
rhnmr( ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr- Enq dw]lokd) bk]rrdr 0 ]mc 2 dmbnlo]rr ]kk hmsdqoqd,
s]shnmr ]bbnqchmf sn vghbg sgd nmsnknfx ne sgd ogxrhb]k vnqkc hr dwg]trsdc ax sgd
v]ud etmbshnm) rtbg ]r sgd Dudqdssh]m hmsdqoqds]shnm) v]ud etmbshnm qd]khrl)24 ]mc
rnld udqrhnmr ne FQV- Anglh]m ldbg]mhbr) vghbg hr ]mnsgdq vhcdkx chrbtrrdc
]ooqn]bg) adknmfr sn bk]rr 1- Adknv) H vhkk enqltk]sd sgqdd ]qftldmsr) rgnvhmf
sg]s hs hr adssdq mns sn bnlahmd hmsdqoqds]shnmr nq udqrhnmr( ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr
adknmfhmf sn sgdrd sgqdd bk]rrdr vhsg sgd dohrsdlhb uhdv nm sgd bg]mfd ne ] pt]mstl
rs]sd adb]trd sghr kd]cr sn rnld udqx hlok]trhakd bnmrdptdmbdr-
@qftldms 0 enq bk]rrdr 0 ]mc 2(9 sgd v]ud etmbshnm hr bnlokdsd ]mc dunkudr
dhsgdq cdsdqlhmhrshb]kkx nq hmcdsdqlhmhrshb]kkx- @rrtld sg]s sghr dunktshnm hr dohr,
sdlhb- Sghr kd]cr tr sn ]m ]artqc bnmbktrhnm sg]s mnsghmf bg]mfdr hm sgd ogxrhb]k
vnqkc9 eqnl sgd bnlokdsdmdrr ]rrtloshnm) ]kk bnmbdhu]akd bg]mfdr hm sgd ogxrhb]k
vnqkc bntkc nmkx ad bg]mfdr ne sgd v]ud etmbshnm) ats hsr bg]mfdr ]qd) ax ]rrtlo,
shnm) dohrsdlhb) rn mn ok]bd hr kdes enq ]mx nmshb bg]mfdr vg]srndudq-
@qftldms 1 enq bk]rrdr 0 ]mc 1(9 sgd v]ud etmbshnm hr dhsgdq bnlokdsd nq hmbnl,
okdsd ]mc dunkudr cdsdqlhmhrshb]kkx- @rrtld sg]s sghr dunktshnm hr dohrsdlhb- Bnm,
rhcdq ]m hrnk]sdc rxrsdl ]mc ]rrtld sg]s vd ]ssqhatsd sn hs sgd v]ud etmbshnm ]s
d-f-) ]r ] qdrtks ne odqenqlhmf rnld ld]rtqdldmsr nm hs nq adb]trd vd jmnv hm
vghbg v]x hs g]r addm oqdo]qdc(- Sgdm) vd b]m trd sgd dpt]shnmr ne dunktshnm sn
bnlotsd sg]s ]s sgd v]ud etmbshnm ne sgd rxrsdl vhkk ad ) ]s hs vhkk ad )
]mc rn nm enq j chüdqdms shldr i ) k … , - Mnv) knnjhmf a]bj) vghbg v]ud etmb,
shnm rgntkc vd ]ssqhatsd sn ntq rxrsdl ]s = @ m]stq]k qdronmrd gdqd hr ]r hs v]r
rtoonrdc sn ad sgd rs]sd ne sgd rxrsdl ]s - Gnvdudq) qdb]kk sg]s vd ]rrtldc sg]s
sgd bg]mfd ctd sn ntq cdsdqlhmhrshb dpt]shnmr hr nmkx dohrsdlhb- He sghr bg]mfd hr ]m
hmrs]mbd ne bkd]q dohrsdlhb rtbbdrr) sgdm vd rgntkc ]ssqhatsd sn sgd rxrsdl ]s rnld
rs]sd vhsg ]mc he hs hr ]m hmrs]mbd ne tmbkd]q dohrsdlhb rtbbdrr) vd ]s kd]rs
cn mns knrd ]mxsghmf ax cnhmf rn(- Sghr hr adb]trd ntq bnlots]shnmr ne sgd v]ud
etmbshnm enq bnmrdbtshud i |r ]qd mns rtoonrdc sn sq]bj ]mx bg]mfdr hm sgd ogxrhb]k
rxrsdl sg]s vd hmudrshf]sd) ats nmkx gnv ntq adkhder ]ants hs rgntkc bg]mfd- Sgd
lnrs qd]rnm]akd sghmf sn cn tmcdq sgd ]rrtloshnmr ne sghr ]qftldms( rddlr sn ad
sn ]ssqhatsd sn ntq rxrsdl ]s sgd v]ud etmbshnm he hs hr vdkk,cd“mdc(- Gnvdudq)
sghr hr bkd]qkx hm chr]fqddldms vhsg gnv sgd enql]khrl ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr hr
]bst]kkx trdc-
@qftldms 2 enq bk]rr 2(9 sgd v]ud etmbshnm hr bnlokdsd ]mc dunkudr hmcdsdqlhm,
hrshb]kkx rn sg]s) fhudm sgd v]ud etmbshnm ]s ) sgd oqna]ahkhsx chrsqhatshnm nudq sgd
ro]bd ne v]ud etmbshnmr ]s 1 hr tmhptdkx cdsdqlhmdc vgdqd sgdrd oqna]ahkhshdr

24
Sgd m]ld ne sghr onrhshnm lhfgs ad lhrkd]chmf adb]trd sgdqd ]qd l]mx nsgdq v]xr ne adhmf ] qd]khrs
vhsg qdrodbs sn ] v]ud etmbshnm hm sgd rdmrd ne ]rrtlhmf sg]s hs qdoqdrdmsr rnldsghmf qd]k- V]ud etmbshnm
qd]khrl hr tmcdqrsnnc ]r ] bnmitmbshnm ne svn sgdrdr9 sg]s sgd etmc]ldms]k ro]bd hr ] ghfg,chldmrhnm]k
ro]bd ]mc sg]s sgd v]ud etmbshnm hr ] “dkc hm sg]s ro]bd-

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 22 ne 24 11

lhfgs ad mnm,sqhuh]k) sg]s hr) chüdqdms eqnl / ]mc 0(- @rrtld sg]s sghr dunktshnm hr
dohrsdlhb- Bnmrhcdq ]m hrnk]sdc rxrsdl ]mc ]rrtld sg]s vd ]ssqhatsd sn hs sgd v]ud
etmbshnm ]s ) ]mc sgdm vd bnlotsd hsr dunktshnm ]bbnqchmf sn sgd ]ooqnoqh]sd
dpt]shnmr) bnmbktchmf sg]s ]s hs vhkk ad hm vhsg oqna]ahkhsx ) hm vhsg oqna,
]ahkhsx ) ]mc rn nm- He ntq cdrbqhoshnm ]s v]r ]cdpt]sd ]s ]kk) sgdm hs v]r etkkx
]cdpt]sd adb]trd ne sgd bnlokdsdmdrr ne sgd v]ud etmbshnm- Gnvdudq) he sgd oqna],
ahkhshdr b]kbtk]sdc enq ]qd mnm,sqhuh]k) sgdm ntq cdrbqhoshnm ]s hr mns etkkx ]cdpt]sd
adb]trd tmkdrr vd ]ssqhatsd ] oqna]ahkhsx ne 0 sn dw]bskx nmd rs]sd) ntq bknrdmdrr
sn sqtsg b]mmns ad odqedbs(- Ats qdb]kk sg]s sgd bg]mfd hr ]rrtldc sn ad dohrsdlhb-
Sgdqdenqd) hs v]r dhsgdq ] bg]mfd sn ] kdrr ]cdpt]sd cdrbqhoshnm) nq ntq hmhsh]k ]ssqhat,
shnm ne sgd rs]sd sn sgd rxrsdl v]r hm]cdpt]sd-25

6 Rtll‘qx

H g]ud ]qftdc sg]s GR|r sdqlhmnknfx ne ‘dohrsdlhb• ur- ‘nmshb• lncdkr.rs]sdr hr bnm,
bdost]kkx hm]cdpt]sd ]mc sg]s sgd cda]sd bntkc ad qdenqltk]sdc hm sdqlr ne sgd nmshb.
dohrsdlhb bg]q]bsdq ne sgd bg]mfdr ne rs]sdr q]sgdq sg]m sgd rs]sdr sgdlrdkudr- H g]ud
]krn rgnvm sg]s sgd dohrsdlhb tmcdqrs]mchmf ne sgd bg]mfd ne ] pt]mstl rs]sd tmcdq
sgd ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord g]r bdqs]hm bnmrdptdmbdr sg]s ]qd tmcdrhq]akd enq
sgnrd vgn ]cnos sgd eq]ldvnqj ne nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr- Enq hmsdqoqds]shnmr ne pt]m,
stl ldbg]mhbr sg]s cn mns trd sgd bnmbdos ne ld]rtqdldms,hmctbdc bnkk]ord) sgd
rhst]shnm hr kdrr bkd]q adb]trd sgdx ]qd u]qhdc) ats hs g]r addm ]qftdc sg]s”]s kd]rs
enq rnld bk]rrdr ne sgdl”sgd dohrsdlhb m]stqd ne sgd bg]mfd ne ] pt]mstl rs]sd hr
]krn hlok]trhakd-
Hs rgntkc ad rsqdrrdc sg]s dudm sgntfg ansg hm sgd b]rd ne sgd nmshb,dohrsdlhb chr,
shmbshnm vhsg qdrodbs sn pt]mstl rs]sdr ]mc vhsg qdrodbs sn sgd bg]mfdr ne pt]mstl
rs]sdr lx bnmbktrhnm hr) hm rnld rdmrd) mdf]shud) hs hr udqx chüdqdms hm sgd enqldq
b]rd sg]m hm sgd k]ssdq b]rd- Bnmbdqmhmf sgd nmshbfldohrsdlhb chrshmbshnm adsvddm
rs]sdr) H g]ud ]qftdc sg]s hsr udqrhnm enqltk]sdc ax GR vhsghm sgd eq]ldvnqj ne
nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr h-d-) sgd ‘nmshb•fl‘dohrsdlhb• chrshmbshnm hm lx mns]shnm: rdd Cde-
1( hr bnmbdost]kkx oqnakdl]shb nq dudm bnmbdost]kkx hmbnmrhrsdms- @r ] qdrtks) ]mx
ptdrshnm enqltk]sdc hm sdqlr ne sghr chrshmbshnm vhkk hmgdqhs hsr oqnakdl]shb rs]str”
H vntkc itrs r]x sg]s hs vhkk ad hkk,onrdc- Sghr cndr mns ld]m sg]s sgd oghknrnogh,
b]k nmshb,dohrsdlhb chrshmbshnm rdd Cde- 0( hr hsrdke oqnakdl]shb) ats hs e]hkr sn bnhm,
bhcd vhsg GR|r nmd ]mc e]hkr sn chrshmfthrg svn bk]rrdr ne rs]sdr”tmcdq rnld lhkc
]rrtloshnmr sg]s ]qd r]shr“dc ax pt]mstl rs]sdr ]r tmcdqrsnnc hm sgd eq]ldvnqj
ne nmsnknfhb]k lncdkr() ]mx rs]sd rgntkc ad qdf]qcdc ]r ansg nmshb ]mc dohrsdlhb
be- Rdbs- 2-2(- Sgdqdenqd) H qdidbs sgd chrshmbshnm ax GR ]r oghknrnoghb]kkx hqqdkdu]ms

25
@m dw]bskx ]m]knfntr ]qftldms b]m ad enqltk]sdc enq hmcdsdqlhmhrshb sgdnqhdr sg]s cn mns hmunkud
oqna]ahkhshdr ats sg]s itrs oqnuhcd rdsr ne onrrhakd rs]sdr ]s ]mx lnldms ) fhudm sgd hmhsh]k rs]sd ]s
- Sgd nmkx lnch“b]shnm hr sg]s) hmrsd]c ne ]rrtlhmf sgd mnm,sqhuh]khsx ne oqna]ahkhshdr ]s ) vd mddc sn
]rrtld sg]s sghr rds bnms]hmr ]s kd]rs svn dkdldmsr ]s he sgdqd hr mn ]s vghbg hs cndr) sgdm sgd sgdnqx hr
cdsdqlhmhrshb(-

02
 11 O‘fd 23 ne 24 Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911

vghbg cndr mns tmcdqlhmd hsr enql]k u]khchsx”nmd b]m oqnud sgdnqdlr hm sdqlr ne
hs) dsb-(-
Hm bnmsq]rs) H cn mns rdd ]mx bnmbdost]k oqnakdlr vhsg sgd nmshbfldohrsdlhb chr,
shmbshnm ]s sgd kdudk ne sgd bg]mfdr ne rs]sdr vhsghm sgd eq]ldvnqj ne nmsnknfhb]k
lncdkr ]mc hm l]mx nsgdq bnmsdwsr(- Adb]trd ne hsr bnmbdost]k uh]ahkhsx) nmd b]m enq,
ltk]sd vdkk,onrdc ptdrshnmr trhmf sghr chrshmbshnm- Sgd ptdrshnm H ]l hmsdqdrsdc hm hr
vgdsgdq u]qhntr qtkdr ne sgd bg]mfd ne sgd pt]mstl rs]sd b]ostqd ] ldqdkx dohrsdlhb
bg]mfd) ]mc lx oqnonrdc ]mrvdq sn sghr ptdrshnm hr mdf]shud tmkdrr nmd hr vhkkhmf
sn ]bbdos rnld ne q]sgdq tmvdkbnld bnmrdptdmbdr ne sghr sgdrhr khrsdc hm Rdbs- 4 ]mc
Rdbs- 5(- Gnvdudq) H ]l e]q eqnl qdidbshmf sgd chrshmbshnm hsrdke-
@bjmnvkdcfdldmsr Sgd hcd] ne sghr o]odq dldqfdc ctqhmf lx chrbtrrhnmr ]ants sgd G]qqhf]m ]mc
Rodjjdmr|r chrshmbshnm vhsg Snl]ry Ok]bdj) vgn dmbntq]fdc ld sn otqrtd sghr snohb etqsgdq ]mc f]ud
u]kt]akd eddca]bj- H ]l ]krn fq]sdetk sn Kdrydj Vqnńrjh enq dwok]hmhmf sn ld bdqs]hm rtaskdshdr ne enql]k
dohrsdlnknfx sg]s ]qd qdkdu]ms enq sghr vnqj- @cchshnm]kkx) H vntkc khjd sn sg]mj Inrg Gtms) Aqdmc]m Jnka)
Jk]]r K]mcrl]m) Rsdogdm Kddcr) Aqx]m Qnadqsr ]mc ]mnmxlntr qduhdvdqr enq hmsdqdrshmf ]mc gdkoetk
bnlldmsr nm oqduhntr udqrhnmr ne sghr o]odq-

Nodm @bbdrr Sghr ]qshbkd hr khbdmrdc tmcdq ] Bqd]shud Bnllnmr @ssqhatshnm 3-/ Hmsdqm]shnm]k Khbdmrd)
vghbg odqlhsr trd) rg]qhmf) ]c]os]shnm) chrsqhatshnm ]mc qdoqnctbshnm hm ]mx ldchtl nq enql]s) ]r knmf ]r
xnt fhud ]ooqnoqh]sd bqdchs sn sgd nqhfhm]k ]tsgnq r( ]mc sgd rntqbd) oqnuhcd ] khmj sn sgd Bqd]shud Bnl,
lnmr khbdmbd) ]mc hmchb]sd he bg]mfdr vdqd l]cd- Sgd hl]fdr nq nsgdq sghqc o]qsx l]sdqh]k hm sghr ]qshbkd
]qd hmbktcdc hm sgd ]qshbkd|r Bqd]shud Bnllnmr khbdmbd) tmkdrr hmchb]sdc nsgdqvhrd hm ] bqdchs khmd sn sgd
l]sdqh]k- He l]sdqh]k hr mns hmbktcdc hm sgd ]qshbkd|r Bqd]shud Bnllnmr khbdmbd ]mc xntq hmsdmcdc trd hr
mns odqlhssdc ax rs]stsnqx qdftk]shnm nq dwbddcr sgd odqlhssdc trd) xnt vhkk mddc sn nas]hm odqlhrrhnm
chqdbskx eqnl sgd bnoxqhfgs gnkcdq- Sn uhdv ] bnox ne sghr khbdmbd) uhrhs gsso9..bqd]shudbnllnmr-nqf.khbdm
rdr.ax.3-/.-

Qdedqdmbdr
0- @qlrsqnmf) C-L-9 @ Vnqkc ne Rs]sdr ne @ü]hqr- B]laqhcfd Tmhudqrhsx Oqdrr) B]laqhcfd 0886(
1- A]qskdss) R-C-) Qtcnkog) S-) Rodjjdmr) Q-V-9 Qdbnmrsqtbshnm ne F]trrh]m pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr eqnl
Khntuhkkd ldbg]mhbr vhsg ]m dohrsdlhb qdrsqhbshnm- Ogxr- Qdu- @ 75 0() 75 1/01(
2- Adkk) I-R-9 @f]hmrs ‘ld]rtqdldms||- Hm9 Lhkkdq) @-H- dc-( Rhwsx,Svn Wd]qr ne Tmbdqs]hmsx) oo- 06fl20-
Okdmtl Otakhrghmf) Mdv Wnqj 088/(
3- B]udr) B-L-) Etbgr) B-@-) Rbg]bj) Q-9 Pt]mstl oqna]ahkhshdr ]r A]xdrh]m oqna]ahkhshdr- Ogxr- Qdu-
@ 54 1() /112/4 1//1(
4- Cöqq) C-) Fnkcrsdhm) R-) Y]mfg—) M-9 Anglh]m ldbg]mhbr ]mc sgd ld]mhmf ne sgd v]ud etmbshnm- Hm9
Bngdm) Q-R-) Gnqmd) L-) Rs]bgdk) I- dcr-( Dwodqhldms]k Lds]ogxrhbr,Pt]mstl Ldbg]mhb]k Rstchdr
enq @amdq Rghlnmx) Unktld Nmd- Anrsnm Rstchdr hm sgd Oghknrnogx ne Rbhdmbd 082) Jktvdq @b],
cdlhb Otakhrgdqr) Anrsnm 0886(
5- E]kkhr) C-) Kdvhr) O-I-9 Sgd aqhdq qtkd hr mns ] fnnc ld]rtqd ne dohrsdlhb tshkhsx ]mc nsgdq trdetk
e]bsr ]ants dohrsdlhb adssdqmdrr(- @trsq]k]r- I- Oghknr- 83 2() 465fl48/ 1/05(
6- Etbgr) B-@-) Ldqlhm) M-C-) Rbg]bj) Q-9 @m hmsqnctbshnm sn PAhrl vhsg ]m ]ookhb]shnm sn sgd knb]k,
hsx ne pt]mstl ldbg]mhbr- @l- I- Ogxr- 71 7() 638fl643 1/03(
7- Fdmhm) J-) Gtadq) E-9 Enql]k qdoqdrdms]shnmr ne adkhde- Hm9 Y]ks]) D-M- dc-( Sgd Rs]menqc Dmbxbknod,
ch] ne Oghknrnogx- Roqhmf) Mdv Wnqj 1/10(
8- G]mbd) I-Q-) Q]qhsx) I-) K]cxl]m) I-9 Bntkc v]udetmbshnmr rhltks]mdntrkx qdoqdrdms jmnvkdcfd ]mc
qd]khsx= Pt]mstl Rstc-9 L]sg- Entmc- 8) 222fl230 1/11(
0/- G]qqhf]m) M-) Rodjjdmr) Q-V-9 Dhmrsdhm) hmbnlokdsdmdrr) ]mc sgd dohrsdlhb uhdv ne pt]mstl rs]sdr-
Entmc- Ogxr- 3/9 014fl046- Hm sgd sdws ]aaqduh]sdc ]r ‘GR 1/0/• 1/0/(

02
Entmc‘shnmr ne Ogxrhbr ’1/12( 42911 O‘fd 24 ne 24 11

00- Hbghj]v]) I- I-) Rsdto) L-9 Sgd ]m]kxrhr ne jmnvkdcfd- Hm9 Y]ks]) D- M- dc-() Sgd Rs]menqc Dmbxbkn,
odch] ne Oghknrnogx Rtlldq 1/07 Dchshnm() gssor9..ok]sn-rs]menqc-dct.]qbghudr.rtl1/07.dmsqhdr.
jmnvkdcfd,]m]kxrhr 1/07(
01- I]bjrnm) D-F-9 Sgd qdk]shnmrgho adsvddm adkhde ]mc bqdcdmbd- Oghknr- Bnlo]rr 04 5() d01557 1/1/(
4//- Kdhedq) L-R-9 Hr sgd pt]mstl rs]sd qd]k= ]m dwsdmcdc qduhdv ne ,nmsnknfx sgdnqdlr- Pt]ms] 2 0()
56fl044 1/03(
02- L]bAqhcd) E-9 Sqtsgl]jdqr- Hm9 D- M- Y]ks] dc-() Sgd Rs]menqc Dmbxbknodch] ne Oghknrnogx E]kk
1/10 Dchshnm() gssor9..ok]sn-rs]menqc-dct.]qbghudr.e]kk1/10.dmsqhdr.sqtsgl]jdqr 1/10(
03- L]tckhm) S-9 Oghknrnogx ne Ogxrhbr9 Pt]mstl Sgdnqx- Oqhmbdsnm Tmhudqrhsx Oqdrr) Oqhmbdsnm 1/08(
04- Ltkkhf]m) J-) Rhlnmr) O-) Rlhsg) A-9 Sqtsg,L]jdqr- Oghknr- Ogdmnldmnk- Qdr- 33 2() 176fl210
0873(
05- Lxqunkc) V-B-9 ,nmsnknfx qdrtks vhsgnts sgd B]qsdrh]m oqnctbs ]rrtloshnm- Ogxr- Qdu- @ 86 4()
485 1/07(
06- Nkcneqdch) @-) Kìody) B-9 Nm sgd bk]rrh“b]shnm adsvddm ,Nmshb ]mc ,dohrsdlhb nmsnknfhb]k lnc,
dkr- Entmc- Ogxr- 1/1/(- gssor9..cnh-nqf.0/-0//6.r0/6/0,/1/,//266,w
07- Otrdx L- E-) A]qqdss) I-) Qtcnkog) S-9 Nm sgd qd]khsx ne sgd pt]mstl rs]sd- M_stqd Ogxrhbr 79364fl367-
Hm sgd sdws ]aaqduh]sdc ]r ‘OAQ 1/01• 1/01(
08- Rbgknrrg]tdq) L-) Ehmd) @-9 Hlokhb]shnmr ne sgd OtrdxflA]qqdssflQtcnkog pt]mstl mn,fn sgdnqdl-
Ogxr- Qdu- Kdss- 0 7 15() 48 1/01(
1/- V]kk]bd) C-9 Sgd Dldqfdms Ltkshudqrd9 Pt]mstl Sgdnqx ]bbnqchmf sn sgd Dudqdss Hmsdqoqds]shnm-
Nwenqc Tmhudqrhsx Oqdrr) Nwenqc 1/01(
10- Vqnńrjh) K-9 Hm Fnnc Enql9 @qfthmf enq Dohrsdlhb Mnqlr ne Bqdcdmbd- I]fhdkknmh]m Tmhudqrhsx
Oqdrr) Jq]jìv 1/07(

Otakhrgdq&r Mnsd Roqhmfdq M]stqd qdl]hmr mdtsq]k vhsg qdf]qc sn itqhrchbshnm]k bk]hlr hm otakhrgdc l]or
]mc hmrshstshnm]k ]ffkh]shnmr-

02