CVENG324:

PRINCIPLES OF STEEL DESIGN

INSTRUCTOR:
ENGR. JOSHUA FERDINAND B. VILLAFUERTE
 MODULE 1:
PROPERTIES OF SECTION
PART II
 SHAPE DESIGNATION
Wide Flange Beam W
STRUCTURAL American Standard Beam S

SHAPES Bearing Piles

Miscellaneous (those that
HP
M
cannot be classified as W, S, or
Structural steels are available of many HP)
shapes. The dimension and weight must
Channel C
be added to the designation to uniquely
identify the shape. Angle L
Structural Tee (cut from W or S WT or ST
Example: W 40 x 436 or M)
Structural Tubing TS
W-Shape Pipe Pipe
Depth = 40 inches (100 mm) Plate PL
Weight = 436 lb/ft (640 kg/m) Bar Bar
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

WIDE FLANGE SECTIONS

Designation W (Nominal Depth x Mass per unit length)

W 44 X 290
44 – Nominal depth = 44 inches
290 – Mass per unit length = 290 lb/ft
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
AMERICAN STANDARD SECTIONS
Designation S (Nominal Depth x Mass per unit length)

S 44 X 290
44 – Nominal depth = 44 inches
290 – Mass per unit length = 290 lb/ft
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

BEARING PILES
Designation HP (Nominal Depth x Mass per unit length)

HP 44 X 290
44 – Nominal depth = 44 inches
290 – Mass per unit length = 290 lb/ft
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

MISCELLANEOUS
(those that cannot be classified as W, S, or HP)
Designation M (Nominal Depth x Mass per unit length)

M 44 X 290
44 – Nominal depth = 44 inches
290 – Mass per unit length = 290 lb/ft
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

CHANNEL SECTIONS
Designation C (Nominal Depth x Mass per unit length)

C 44 X 290
44 – Nominal depth = 44 inches
290 – Mass per unit length = 290 lb/ft
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

ANGLE SECTIONS
Designation L (Depth x Base x Thickness)

𝟏
L8x8x1
𝟖
8 – Depth
8 – Base
1
1 - Thickness
8
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
DOUBLE ANGLE SECTIONS
Designation L (Deepth x Base x Thickness)

𝟏
L8x8x1
𝟖
8 – Depth
8 – Base
1
1 - Thickness
8
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

DOUBLE ANGLE SECTIONS

Designation L (Depth x Base x Thickness)

𝟏
L8x8x1
𝟖
8 – Depth
8 – Base
1
1 - Thickness
8
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
DOUBLE ANGLE SECTIONS
Designation L (Depth x Base x Thickness)

𝟏
L8x8x1
𝟖
8 – Depth
8 – Base
1
1 - Thickness
8
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
STRUCTURAL TEE SECTIONS
(cut from W shapes)

Designation WT (Nominal Depth x Mass per unit length)

WT 44 X 290
44 – Nominal depth = 44 inches
290 – Mass per unit length = 290 lb/ft
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
STRUCTURAL TEE SECTIONS
(cut from M shapes)

Designation MT (Nominal Depth x Mass per unit length)

WT 44 X 290
44 – Nominal depth = 44 inches
290 – Mass per unit length = 290 lb/ft
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
STRUCTURAL TEE SECTIONS
(cut from S shapes)

Designation ST (Nominal Depth x Mass per unit length)

ST 44 X 290
44 – Nominal depth = 44 inches
290 – Mass per unit length = 290 lb/ft
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

COMBINATION SECTIONS
W SHAPES AND CHANNELS
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

COMBINATION SECTIONS
S SHAPES AND CHANNELS
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

COMBINATION SECTIONS
TWO CHANNELS
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

COMBINATION SECTIONS
CHANNELS AND ANGLES
(Long leg of angle turned out)
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES

COMBINATION SECTIONS
CHANNELS AND ANGLES
(Short leg of angle turned out)
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
SAMPLE PROBLEM # 4:
MAY 2014 CE BOARD EXAM PROBLEM
A built-up steel beam composed of an W shape (W 21 x 83) and a channel (C 15 x 50) bolted together as
shown is subjected to a moving concentrated load P. The beam carries a 100-mm-thick concrete slab having an
effective width of 1.50 m. Determine the properties of the composite section.
 Y
𝑨𝟏
X
𝑨𝟐
𝐻 = 𝑑(𝑤𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒) + 𝑡𝑤(𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙)
𝐻 = 544.30 𝑚𝑚 + 18.20 𝑚𝑚
𝑯 = 𝟓𝟔𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝐴𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 = 9,484 𝑚𝑚2
𝑦𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 = 20.27 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑤𝑓 = 15,677.00 𝑚𝑚2
𝑑𝑤𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒 = 544.30 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐴𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 + 𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 9,484 𝑚𝑚2 + 15,677.00 𝑚𝑚2
𝑨𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐𝟓, 𝟏𝟔𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Centroid from the Y-axis:
𝑿𝒄 = ?
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑋𝑐 = σ(𝐴 𝑥 𝑋)
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑋𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝑋𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 + 𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑋𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
𝑿𝒄 = 𝟎
Centroid from the X-axis:
𝒀𝒄 = ?
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑌𝑐 = σ(𝐴 𝑥 𝑌)
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑌𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝑌𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 + 𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑌𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
(25,161 𝑚𝑚2 )(𝑌𝑐 ) = 9,484 𝑚𝑚2 (20.27 𝑚𝑚)
544.30
+ 15,677.00 𝑚𝑚2 ( 2 𝑚𝑚 + 18.20 𝑚𝑚)
𝒀𝒄 = 𝟏𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎
 Y Distance of the Centroid of Area 1 and Area 2 from the
𝑨𝟏 Geometric Center:
𝑑𝑤𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒
𝑌𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝒅𝒚𝟏 = 𝑌𝑐 − 𝑌𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝒅𝒚𝟐 = + 𝑡𝑤 − 𝑌𝑐
2
544.30
𝒀𝒄 NA of Channel
𝑑𝑦1 = 188.55 𝑚𝑚 − 20.27 𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑦2 =
2
𝑚𝑚 + 18.20 − 188.55𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑤𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝒅𝟏 𝒅𝒚𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖. 𝟐𝟖 𝒎𝒎 𝒅𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎
2
X
𝒅𝟐 Moment of Inertia with respect to X-axis:
𝐼𝑥 = ෍(𝐼𝑔𝑥 + 𝐴𝑑 2 )
𝑨𝟐 NA of W shape
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝐶𝑔𝑦 + 𝐴𝐶 (𝑑1 )2 + (𝐼𝑊𝑔𝑥 + 𝐴𝑊 (𝑑2 )2 )
𝐼𝑥 = [4.579𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 + 9,484 𝑚𝑚2 168.28 𝑚𝑚 2 ]
𝒀𝒄 = 𝟏𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎
+[761.704𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 + 15,677 𝑚𝑚2 101.80 𝑚𝑚 2 ]
𝑰𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝟏𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
𝑨𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐𝟓, 𝟏𝟔𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑿𝒄 = 𝟎 Moment of Inertia with respect to Y-axis:
𝒀𝒄 = 𝟏𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝐼𝑦 = ෍(𝐼𝑔𝑦 + 𝐴𝑑 2 )
𝐼𝑦 = 𝐼𝐶𝑔𝑥 + 𝐴𝐶 (𝑑𝑥1 )2 + (𝐼𝑊𝑔𝑦 + 𝐴𝑊 (𝑑𝑥2 )2 )
𝐼𝑦 = 168.157𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 + 0 + 33.881𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 + 0
𝑰𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
 Y
𝑨𝟏
X

Polar Moment of Inertia with respect to X and Y axes, JO :

𝑱𝑶 = 𝑰 𝑿 + 𝑰 𝒀
𝑨𝟐 𝐽𝑂 = 1,197.32 𝑥 106 +𝟐𝟎𝟐.𝟎𝟑𝟖 𝑥 106
𝑱𝑶 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟗. 𝟑𝟓𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟒

Radius of Gyration, 𝒓𝒙 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒓𝒚

𝑰𝒙 𝑰𝒚
𝒓𝒙 = 𝒓𝒚 =
𝑨 𝑨
𝑨𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐𝟓, 𝟏𝟔𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝟐
1,197.32𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 202.038𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝑿𝒄 = 𝟎 𝑟𝑥 = 𝑟𝑦 =
𝒀𝒄 = 𝟏𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎 25,161 𝑚𝑚2 25,161 𝑚𝑚2

𝑰𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝟏𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒 𝒓𝒙 = 𝟐𝟏𝟖. 𝟏𝟒 𝐦𝐦 𝒓𝒚 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟔𝟏 𝐦𝐦

𝑰𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
 Y
𝑨𝟏
X

𝑯 = 𝟓𝟔𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 Section Modulus, 𝑺𝒙 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝑺𝒚

𝑨𝟐 𝐼𝑥
𝑆𝑥 =
𝑐
1,197.32𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝑆𝑥 =
562.50 𝑚𝑚 − 188.55 𝑚𝑚

𝑺𝒙 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟖 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟑

𝑨𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐𝟓, 𝟏𝟔𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝑿𝒄 = 𝟎 𝐼𝑦
𝒀𝒄 = 𝟏𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑆𝑦 =
𝑐
𝑰𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝟏𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒 202.038𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝑰𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎𝟐. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒 𝑆𝑦 =
381
𝑚𝑚
2
𝑺𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟔𝟏𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟑
SAMPLE PROBLEM # 5:
Determine the properties of the double angle shown in the figure. The section is
made of 2L150 x 90 x 12 with long legs back-to-back and spacing s = 6mm.

B = 90 mm B = 90 mm

X = 21.16 mm X = 21.16 mm

𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2 𝑥 (2,751.45 𝑚𝑚2 )
𝑨𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟓, 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟗𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Y = 50.82 mm
𝐈𝐱 = ?
𝐼𝑥 = 2 𝑥 (6.273𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 )
H = 150 mm 𝑰𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟒𝟔𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒

𝐼𝑦 = ෍(𝐼𝑔𝑦 + 𝐴𝑑 2 )

𝐼𝑦 = 2 𝑥 (𝐼𝑔𝑦 + 𝐴(𝑑)2 )
𝐼𝑦 = 2 𝑥 (1,708,656.95 𝑚𝑚4 + (2,751.45 𝑚𝑚2 )(21.16𝑚𝑚 + 3𝑚𝑚)2 )

s = 6mm 𝑰𝒚 = 𝟔, 𝟔𝟐𝟗, 𝟑𝟖𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟒

𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 5,502.90 𝑚𝑚2
𝐼𝑥 = 12.546𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝐼𝑦 = 6.629𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

B = 90 mm B = 90 mm Polar Moment of Inertia

with respect to X and Y axes, JO :
𝑱𝑶 = 𝑰𝑿 + 𝑰𝒀
X = 21.16 mm X = 21.16 mm
𝐽𝑜 = 12.546𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 + 6.629𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝑱𝑶 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐦𝐦𝟒

Section Modulus, 𝑺𝒙 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝑺𝒚

𝐼𝑥 12.546𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
Y = 50.82 mm 𝑆𝑥 = = = 𝟏𝟐𝟔, 𝟒𝟗𝟕 𝐦𝐦𝟑
𝑐 150 𝑚𝑚 − 50.82 𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝑦 6.629𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝑆𝑦 = = = 𝟕𝟏, 𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟑
H = 150 mm 𝑐 90 𝑚𝑚 + 3𝑚𝑚
Radius of Gyration, 𝒓𝒙 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒓𝒚

𝑰𝒙 12.546𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝒓𝒙 = = = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟕𝟒𝟖 𝐦𝐦
𝑨 5,502.90 𝑚𝑚2

𝑰𝒚 6.629𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝒓𝒚 = = = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐦𝐦
𝑨 5,502.90 𝑚𝑚2
s = 6mm
 NOVEMBER 2013 CE BOARD EXAM QUESTION:
SEATWORK # 1: The deck of a bridge consist of ribbed metal deck with 100
mm concrete slab on top. The superstructure supporting the
Y deck is made of wide flange steel beams strengthened by
cover plate 16 mm x 260 mm one at a top and one at the
bottom.
Properties of W 850 x 185:
A = 23,750 𝑚𝑚2
d = 850 mm
𝑏𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 290 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 20 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑏 = 15 mm
𝐼𝑥 = 2,662 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4
X 𝐼𝑦 = 81.52 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4

Determine the following:

a. Moment of Inertia along X and Y axes.
b. Polar Moment of Inertia with respect to X and Y axes.
c. Section Modulus, 𝑆𝑥 and 𝑆𝑦
d. Radius of Gyration, 𝑟𝑥 and 𝑟𝑦
 MAY 2015 CE BOARD EXAM QUESTION:
SEATWORK # 1: The column shown in the figure is made from four 300 mm x
16 mm A36 Steel.
Y Determine the following:
a. Moment of Inertia along X and Y axes.
b. Polar Moment of Inertia with respect to X and Y axes.
c. Section Modulus, 𝑆𝑥 and 𝑆𝑦
d. Radius of Gyration, 𝑟𝑥 and 𝑟𝑦