GLOBAL HECTARE

HUMAN FLOURISHING COUNTRY CONSUMPTION/ pax

Ghana 1.8 GH
In the scale of growth and development and the citizens Guatemala 1.8 GH
of a particular place, have the capability to spend money and get Europe 4.7 GH
what they need is an indicator that they are developing or Canada 8.0 GH
experiencing economic development. USA 8.0 GH
Assessing growth and development is through GDP, Global Hectare is a common unit that encompasses the average
GDP is prescribed by the 1st world countries to the developing 3rd productivity of all biologically productive land and Sea area in the
world countries to follow. world in a given year. (land resources being consumed by people
per year).
Dr. Jason Hickel - Biologically productive areas include crops land, forests,
- United Nations advisor in environment and sustainability fishing grounds, and do not include dessert, glaciers, and
and human resources(?) other open oceans.
- Faculty of Anthropologist in London Institute or London - Accepted Global Hectare threshold that can be used
School of Economics where the nature can still and will be able to replenish
itself is 1.8.
– The concept or method on how we are engaging our
economic progress to 1st world countries (As a leader) and the way LONG & HAPPY LIFE
that developing 3rd world countries are both moving in that direction - US = 79 Years ($53,000) average of living comfortably
we are patterning. and happy.
- CUBA = 79 years ($6,000)
– This concept has left the planet in destruction or in - Not all about money, sometimes.
chaos. Because economic growth and development revolves
around the goods that are being sold and being consumed by Quality of Life
people. - Life expectancy and literacy
- Costa Rica = highest happiness indicator (1/4 of per
- The more we spend, the more we are on the development capita income of US).
scale.
17 Sustainable Development Goal
Forget ‘developing’ poor countries, its time to ‘de-develop’ The SDGs are..
rich countries: Jason Hickel - A set of 17 goals for the world’s future, through 2030 (15-
year timeframe)
- Head of states (UN) gathered in New York to sign SDG. - Backed up by a set of 169 detailed targets to accomplish
- SDG (primary goal) aims to eradicate poverty by using 17 goals.
growth strategies. - Negotiated over a two-year period at the United Nations.
- Growth in 1980s = 380% - Agreed to by nearly all the world’s nations, on 25 Sept
- Still people living in poverty increased to 1.1 Billion 2015. Signed in New York.
- Took effect January 1, 2016.
-More Growth is the answer of Orthodox Economist, to - Eradicate poverty (main goal).
having 380% growth with still 1.1B in poverty.
3 General/Distinguishing Characteristics/Features of the
-Shift to growth the poorer sector of the society = SDGs
Progressive Economist - Universality: applicable to all member nation of UN, all
sectors of society have roles to realize the 169 targets to
- Address issues effectively, Use, maximize resources, accomplish 17 goals.
adapt good practices only. Do not just copy especially bad
practices. - Integration: MDGs independent ang goals, but now
SDGs are co independent, to accomplish one goal, you
- Happing in the environment is due to bad practices or need other goals to accomplish your next goal.
methods of developed and developing countries.
- Transformation: in other to achieve goals, we need
- 1st world countries are the primary consumer of resources great changes in way of doing things and more.
due to technology rather than 3rd world countries because
they have no means. 1st world is getting more than the fair Poverty
share. - Occurs when a person or group of person suffers from a
lack of the essential resources for minimum standard of
- Jason Hickel concept of ‘de-development’ = We need to living and life.
find other means on how we are going to reach progress - Lack of necessities, no food, no house, no clean water.
and development economically. Abandon concept of - Migration without proper house and money, resources.
GDP, where it is hurting the environment. - Lack of Material Resources: food, water, clothing.
- Lack of Social Resources: house, education, healthcare
Peter Edwards
- Support Hickel 2 Kinds of Poverty
- Rather than pushing poor countries to develop, we should Absolute Poverty
look at rich countries to ‘catch down’ - Measured by Poverty Line ($1.95 or ~100 php - average
- Looking for societies or engaging their developments by a person must earn a day)
using parameters by looking at people = happy and high - Varies in different countries (developed and third world)
life expectancy but with low income and consumption,
(that is what we need to look at, said Edwards), lesser raw Relative Poverty
materials are going to be extracted to the environment. - Condition of having fewer resources or less income than
others within a society or country or compared to the
worldwide average.
- Observed in a microlevel like observing people in BGC
and province folk.
Causes of Poverty
- Industrial revolution(70s-80s) in the 19th century made the
cost of living rises.
- Massive migration, to elevate their life, they go to cities
for more opportunities from provinces.
- Overpopulation that is due to lack of birth control
methods. (parents with no proper plans, money, and
other necessities)
- Corruption activities weakens the rule of law.
- Lack of work opportunities causing the talented people to
be drove away leading to brain drain. (go abroad)
- Poor health and education affecting productivity in the
community. (Reduce performance in work, economic
loss)
- War and political instability. (Budget wasted)

THE GOOD LIFE
- Achieve dreams, get what you want.
In the documentary film, The Magician’s Twin: C. S. Lewis
and the Case Against Scientism
- C. S. Lewis posited that “Science must be guided by
some ethical basis that is not dictated by science itself.”
- One such ethical basis is Aristotle’s Nichomachean
Ethics.
Nichomachean Ethics and Good Life
Nichomachean = Nicomacus, son of Aristotle, the one who
compiled Aristotle ethics sayings
All human activities aim at some good. Every art and
human inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to
aim at some good; and for this reason, the good has been rightly
declared as that at which all things. (Nichomachean Ethics 2:2)
- Things we are doing is driven by that perception that we
will get something out of it.
- Doing an action because we will benefit from it and have
something in return.
Modern Ethics = Rights & Duties
Aristotle is interested in them too, rights, duties, values, and
responsibilities, (indirectly), but he is more interested in-
- What is good for humans, and
- How we ought to live.
Good Life
- Characterized by happiness that springs from living (with
joy) and doing well.
- State of being happy, healthy, and prosperous in terms of
thinking, living, and action.
- Can be attained thru virtues of thought and character.
- A flourishing life filled with meaningful endeavors =
empowers the human person to be the best version of
himself.
EUDAIMONIA
- From Greek work eu = good, and daimon = spirit
- Ultimate Good, that will give us good life.
- Two things’ people are striving for to get good life:
-Honor
-Fame
but is it enough, for honor and fame to be achieved to
have a good life?
Honor and fame are dependent of somebody
else, which is not right. Perception of people is subjective.
- ‘Living well and doing well’
- Generally refers to good life (happiness and excellence)
Eudamonia: Uniquely Human?
- Tripartite Soul (Aristotle)
- Aristortle: Happiness is uniquely human
- 3 groups of organisms with different
characteristics/properties that is placed inside a square
which represents the certain characteristics of the
organism which shared or exclusive to the organism.
Plants
- Characteristics is nutritive.
- Process of growth/Nutrition and Reproduction
- In the old days, people perceive that plants are only
capable of doing little things inside the square,
accomplishing that properties and those processes.
Animals
- Sensitivity as property
- Locomotion and perception as processes
- Animals is also capable of what plants can do
Humans
- Characteristics is present which is Rational.
- Can perform Theoretical and Practical Knowledge
(Limited only to humans which means only humans have
happiness).
- All characteristics and processes of animal and plants
can be done by Humans,
Happiness is driven by action, every action for human is
designed or perceived to draw certain benefit from it, no action is
being done for just good will. We are looking for benefit for things
we do, all certain good is being done for benefit.
HAPPINESS
- Ultimate Goal, short term goal is what we are doing right
now, long term goal is to have a stable life, end goal is to
be happy.
- Ultimate end goal of human action
-Financial Stability
-Harmony and peace in protecting the environment
- Pursued by man
- Defines good life
- (Happiness) Comes from living a life or virtue, life of
excellence, manifested, from personal to global scale
-Avoiding sugary food (told by society) you will suffer in
the future
-Observing proper waste management (told by society)
be responsible to have Goodlife and be happy
- Happiness, can come from doing anything, but we need
to identify all characteristics given by society.
VIRTUE
- Virtue = asal, or ugali or personality, not done once but
repetitive.
- Important in attaining of Good life.
- It is the constant practice of the good no matter how
difficult.
- Excellence of Character that empowers one to do and be
good.
- Cultivated with habit and discipline as it is not a onetime
deed.
TYPES OF VIRTUE
Intellectual
- Achieved through education (not only formal edu.), time
and experience
Kinds
-Wisdom (guided by ethical norms/standards/behavior)
-Understanding (Product or virtue that is gained through
scientific endeavors and contemplations) Ex. Virtue of
being critical or being objective.
Moral
- Achieved through habitual practice (personality)

Kinds
-Generosity (Action being done repeatedly unselfishly,
all things being given is being done unselfishly)
- It means that all signatory or members of UN should have
-Temperance (restraint, resisting an urge, self-control, be responsibility in maintaining, safeguarding human rights,
levelheaded and think clearly in heat of the moment) welfare of human beings. Not only for economic growth.
(Hard to do, opposite of temperance is mapagpatol) - All countries must and will benefit.
- Execution of research must be humane and just in all
-Courage (Do what is right without thinking aspects.
consequences) - Burden is given to state/country to protect human rights.

Nuremberg Code
WHEN TECHNOLOGY & HUMANITY CROSS
S. Romi Mukherjee
- Senior Lecturer in Paris Institute of Political Studies
- Specialization in political theory and history of religion
- Set of documents, 11 principles
- Made because of Jewish Holocaust and the execution of
experiments.
- Applicable in all research conducted.
- Focuses on test subjects, execution or stopping of
experiment relies on personal choice of test subjects.
(continue or not) For welfare of participants.
- If ayaw ng participants stop na agad.
- Code that all research must follow, if humans are being
used for research.

- Talks about how human rights should be the center or

taken into consideration amidst of technological
development.

Useful documents for human rights-based approach to

science, technology, and development

3 Quintessential Documents

- Work is being given to government and private sector

(check and balance)
- To create or to distribute technological capacity through
appropriate education and research to educate public, to
create a society that is just and humane as an
indispensable…..
- All things invented we are intitled.
- 2nd statement states that we need to examine the
invention before we use if it is applicable in a certain
society. (Invention is NOT Universal)

Mukherjee is saying that even though there is a lot of things we get

from science and technology we should consider and not violate
human rights.

- We should always practice human rights-based

approaches in conduct of science and technology
particularly in research and development.

Why the future doesn’t need us…..

-Can you imagine a future without the human race?
-Can robots and machine replace humans?
 -Are there going to be time the existence of man will be
at the mercy of robots and machines?

William Nelson Joy

- American computer scientist of Sun Microsystems
- Why the future doesn’t need us – William Nelson Joy,
published in April 2000.
- Concerned in rapid rise and increase of human
knowledge in technology,
- Concerned 3 technologies, Genetics (Gene splicing),
Nanotechnology (nanobots, most promising field of
science) and Robotics .

W.N.J is concerned because he is adept or familiar to The

Unabomber Manifesto: Industrial Society and Its Future – by Ted
Kaczynski
- Talks about unintended disadvantages or side effects of
technologies that is created in a simpler, or primitive way.
- Talks about Unintended effects to over reliance to
technological inventions created (Antibiotics creation that
developed microbial resistance, DDT (drug) used to
eradicate malaria with bad side effects that affected other
beneficial organism)

Criticism to Willim Nelson Joy

-John Seely Brown/Paul Duguid published in 2001, A
Response (opposition) to W. N. Joy is the Doom-and-
Gloom Technofuturist

- Saying that the claims of W.N.J. is baseless, because it

did not see the bigger picture plus he failed to account the
different regulative means or regulatory system that is put
into place for usage of such technology, calling people
who are afraid of technology or technological
development as Neo-Luddite