Exercises 97

2.15 A novel inverter has the transfer characteristics shown in Figure 2.34. What Vout
are the values of VIL, VIH, VOL, and VOH that give best noise margins? What are
1.2
these high and low noise margins?
2.16 Section 2.5.1 graphically determined the transfer characteristics of a static 0.9
CMOS inverter. Derive analytic expressions for Vout as a function of Vin for 0.6
regions B and D of the transfer function. Let |Vtp| = Vtn and Gp = Gn.
0.3
2.17 Using the results from Exercise 2.16, calculate the noise margin for a CMOS
inverter operating at 1.0 V with Vtn = |Vtp| = 0.35 V, Gp = Gn. 0 Vin
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2
2.18 Repeat Exercise 2.16 if the thresholds and betas of the two transistors are not FIGURE 2.34
necessarily equal. Also solve for the value of Vin for region C where both tran- Transfer characteristics
sistors are saturated.
2.19 Using the results from Exercise 2.18, calculate the noise margin for a CMOS
inverter operating at 1.0 V with Vtn = |Vtp| = 0.35 V, Gp = 0.5Gn.
2.20 Give an expression for the output voltage for the pass transistor networks
shown in Figure 2.35. Neglect the body effect.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

FIGURE 2.35 Pass transistor networks

2.21 Suppose VDD = 1.2 V and Vt = 0.4 V. Determine Vout in Figure 2.36 for the VDD
following. Neglect the body effect.
Vin Vout
a) Vin = 0 V
FIGURE 2.36
b) Vin = 0.6 V Single pass transistor
c) Vin = 0.9 V
d) Vin = 1.2 V.