National Book Foundation's English Textbook Contents

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C O N T E N T S L I S T O F T E X T B O O K F O R E NG L I S H C L A S S V I
Unit Theme Working with words Reading makes
me wise
01-Clean & 1- Ethics and Values 1-Vocabulary, Diction & Poem:

Green (Moral Character in Pronunciation
Pakistan-A accordance with rules of 2-International
Campaign right and wrong Phonetic Alphabet
(IPA) chart
on
02. Healthy 1. Health, safety and 1-Vocabulary, diction & Expository
sitory Text:
Tex
Living Hygiene Pronunciation Analytical
alytical article
art
ti
2. Careful use of medicines 2-Word Cloud on Healthy living Reflective Text:
da
3. Ethics and values 3-Word position in dictionaryy (Ane
(Anecdote)
4. Importance of physical -using entry word ‘door’
un
and mental well-being -looking
03. Little Frog 1- Peaceful Co-existence 1-Vocabulary,

Fo ry, Diction & Conversation:
in the / Peace Education Pronunciation
tion Informal Talk between
2- Friendship and 2-Word pposition
ition in Dictionary: two people
the well
Cooperation Synonyms
nonyms of “Shallow” &
k
“Stubborn”
tubborn”
3- Awareness and
4-Word P Position of “Deep”-
oo
empathy
Parts of Speech
4- Willingness to learn
arn
about others’ wayy of life,
lB
experiences
and view points
nts
na
04-The People Religion and

nd ethnici
ethnicity 1-Vocabulary, diction and Expressive text (poem)
of the Cave Interfaith
th harmon
harmony Pronunciation Narrative Text
Language
guage diversity
div 2-Word Clouds on World’s
io
religions and desirable qualities

in others
3-Word position in dictionary -
at
Synonyms
4-Introduction of
N
Onomatopoeia
05. Ideas, 1-Self, people 1-Vocabulary, Diction & Minar e Pakistan

– A
Design and and places Pronunciation Symbol of Freedom
Architecture
2-Places of historical & 2-World Cloud “Innovate” &
cultural importance “Gratitude”
and interest in
Pakistan
Language Corner Composition/ Fluency of
Creative Writing Expression
1-Exclamation Mark! 1-Commitments 1-Quotes Collection on

'Commitment'
2-Modal Verb “Can” -Essential for Life 2-Idiomatic expressions
3-Compound Words 2-Art of writing poetry 3-Speech Acts Polite &
-Open 3-Flyer making for the Friendly Requests
-Closed campaign 4-Fun Reading
n
1-Sentences 1-Fact file writing 1-Quotes Collection
io
- Statements 2-Biography th’
on ‘health’
- Questions 3-Story writing matic
2-Idiomatic
t
- Commands (with the help of xpressions
expressions
da
- Exclamation picture prompt) 3-Speech Acts
2-Subject and Predicate 4-Flyer making likeness &dislikeness
likenes
3-Simile and Metaphor as 4-F
4-Fun Reading
un
type of figurative language
1-Think in English 1-Conversation 1-Quotations on
2-Monologue Writing
- Writing in bubbles
Fo
Writing – Guidedd
2-Story Writingg –
“Kindness”
2-Idiomatic
- Writing in Para Guided Expressions
Form 3-Problem
m Solvin
Solving – 3-Speech Acts:
k
3-Semantic Map of “Can”, ng Patien

Showing Patience & Offering Help /
4-“Has” & “Is”
oo
Tolerance
erance sowing Gratitude
5-Modal Verb “Must”
4-Fun Reading
lB
na
1-Nouns 1-Paragraph writing: 1-Quotes Collection

- Common noun - Qualities of a on ‘Languages’
- Proper noun good 2-Idiomatic expressions
- Collective noun
io
paragraph 3-Speech Acts-some

- Concretee noun
- Difference basic manners of
- Abstractt noun
at
2-Plural noun
un between conversation
3- Adjectives
ctives paragraph and 4-Fun facts of languages
Coordin adjectives
- Coordinate essay 5-Linguistic fun
N
- Adding
Addin od suffixes 2-Word puzzle
o make
to m adjectives through comics
4-The Past Tense 6-Fun Reading
1-Prepositional PhrasesAs 1-Information Report on a 1-Quotes collection

Adjectives and Adverb given topic 2-Idiomatic Expressions
2-Passive Voice – Guided 2-Problem Solving 3-Speech Acts: Talking
Activity –Showing Gratitude in the about buildings
class and at home 4-Fun Reading
Unit Theme Working with words Reading makes
me wise
06. The 1.Environmental education 1-Vocabulary, diction and 1-Reflective Text:

Sweating Earth 2. Conservation of Pronunciation Auto Biography
resources 2-Word Cloud 2-Informative Text:Fact Sheet
3-Expository Text:
3. Preparedness towards 3-Word Type- Antonyms Magazine article
Climate change 4-Words Type-Anagram 4-Informative Text: Ne
News
on
eather chart
Report/weather char
07. Samina The 1- Role of woman in 1-Vocabulary, Diction & Famous Tou Attractions
mous Tourist
ti
Climber development of society Pronunciation – A Dialogu
Dialogue
da
(Women in Sports) 2-Prefix and Suffix
2- Adventure king
3-Conjunctions- sentence making
3- Mountaineering /hiking 4-Word Cloud
un
4- Gender Equality “Mountain Climbing” & “Outdo
“Outdoor
Activity”
Fo
08.The Happy 1-Empathy and sacrifice ocabu
1-Vocabulary, ddiction
ic and 1-Fiction: Short story
k
Prince 2-Established ideals of life, nunciatio
Pronunciation Abridged excerpt from
ways of acting that even 2--Word Cloud on helping others classical literature
oo
members of a society 3-Word Type-Onomatopoeia

3-W 2-Fiction: Fables
regard as desirable
lB
09. Expressions 1- Role models

dels - male
m / 1-Vocabulary, Diction & Sir Allama Muhammad
na
for an
female (Past and Pronunciation Iqbal - Introduction
Creativity sent
Present 2- Word Cloud on inspiration
io
Patrio
2- Patriotism and Creativity
Na
3- National Cause 3- Reading in Focus -
at
Annotation
N
nnectin 1.Roles and respect of

10.Connecting 1-Vocabulary, diction and 1-Texts used for
family
from Nowhere Pronunciation interpersonal/transact
2.Patriotism/National pride
3. Resilience against local,
2-Word Cloud on ‘Passion ional communication:
national and international for Pakistan’ Email
challenges 3-Word position in 2-Expressive and
4-Natural beauty &
diversity of landscape in dictionary reflective text: Poem
Pakistan (Famous tourist
spots)
Language Corner Composition/ Fluency of
Creative Writing Expression
1-Definite and Indefinite 1-Essay writing 1-Quotes Collection

articles (cause and effect 2-Idiomatic
2- Direct and Indirect essay) expressions
speech 2-Weather 3-Speech Acts-
3-Punctuation forecasting talking about Earth
art
and Climate Change
n
4-Fun Reading
eading
io
1- Wishing Success – 1-An Account of Success tes Colle
1-Quotes Collection
making cards - Reflections uccess’
on ‘Success’
at
2-Chronological Order – 2-Problem Solving – 2-Idioma
2-Idiomatic
Timeline of my Life Accepting a challenge expressions
expres
d
& taking notes for the 3-Sp
3-Speech Acts-
un
way forward Offering Help / Road
O
3- Learn to Accept Safety
Yourself – Fo 4-Fun Reading
(Gender Equality)
ality)
1-Adverbs(Adverbs of 1-Fables
1-Quotes Collection
manner, Adverbs of place, ore
2-Folklore
k
2-Idiomatic expressions
Adverbs of time, Adverbs
oo
3-Speech Acts-Talking
of frequency) about helping others
2-Modal verbs 4-Fun Reading
lB
3- Simile-A revision ----
1-Translation in Urdu from English 1- Calligraphy practice 1-Quotes Collection

na
2-Usage – Pronoun 2-Writing an Acrostic 2-Idiomatic

ment
Antecedent Agreement Poem expressions
io
ite on a Doodle
3-Reflect & Write Doo image 3-Matching Habits 3-Speech Acts
with Characters Congratulations
at
4-Fun Reading
1-Transitive
Transiti and 1-Letters to editor 1-Quotes Collection
N
ans
Intransitive verbs 2-Letter to the on ‘patriotism’.
2-Phrasal verbs authority 2-Idiomatic
3-Apostrophe expressions
x Possession 3-Speech Acts-
x Omission talking about
favourite sports
4-Fun Reading
01
Clean and Green Pakistan
A Campaign
After reading this unit, the students will be able to:
v read a dialogue as a lesson
v use international phonetic alphabet (IPA) chart for pronunciation
ation
tiiion
tionon
v enhance vocabulary through word cloud
v read a poem about commitment
v understand the difference between prose and poetry
v use exclamation mark and “can” as a modal verb
v make commitments and fulfill them
v write a short poem
v make a flyer for a campaign
v enhance fluency of expression through quotations,
quot
uott idioms, speech acts and
fun reading
k
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Pre-Reading:
a) What different plants and trees do you have around your school?
b) Why are trees and plants important for our environment?
Clean and Green Pakistan
A Campaign
Teacher: Hello students! I welcome you to your new class. I hope you'll
have another successful year ahead.
on
Students: thank you, teacher!
Teacher: On the first day of your school, we've arranged some interesting nteresting
teresting activities
ti
for you. Are you excited!
da
Students: Sure, Sir! Looking Forward!
Student A: What are the activities about? Sir!
un
Teacher: Well! You know it's the beginning of spring ring
ng season
seaso
when we plant saplings and trees.
Fo
Student B: Yes Sir, I heard it that we are goingg to plant a billion
trees. This is a huge number.
Teacher: Yes! This is one activity of the hee campa
campaign “Clean & Green Pakistan”. Let me
k
s
explain it further. When we plan a series of activities to achieve our targets,
oo
it is called a campaign. n. And in order

o to make it successful every citizen, be it
old or young has to o take part
par in it.
lB
Student C: Sir, it's just likee home

home where
wh we all have to maintain cleanliness.
Teacher: Good comparison!parison!
rison! Our
O country is our home and we all need to be careful
na
about performing
rformin our civic duties.
Student D: Civicc duties? What
W are these, Sir?
io
Teacher: Thesehese are tthe duties that we must perform as citizens of a country. For
exampl
example following rules, respecting the rights of others and doing good for
at
the b betterment of the country.

N
ent E: SSir! What will be our duties for the campaign of “Clean & Green Pakistan”?
Student
Teacher: To begin with, you have to work as a team! With global warming becoming
a huge challenge in our region, we need to come up with workable
solutions towards achieving fruitful results. Today we're going to plant
trees on the roadside opposite our school. We'll also take the responsibility
to safeguard them through all seasons. Such trees will save us from direct
09
heat in summers and add shadowy places to attract the colourful chirping
birds.
Student F: Sir! Trees make every place look fresh. Be it a park, playground or garden
… but then there is garbage thrown everywhere and it looks so dirty.
Teacher: Okay, now! Here's a problem. I always say that there are at least six
solutions to every problem. Let's begin.
on
Student G: Sir, we make a team and clean the place!
Teacher: But can you clean the whole country?
Student H: Sir, we'll guide people not to throw garbage any where. e.
ti
Teacher: Yes, you can guide them politely. We can keep our streets as cleanc as our
da
homes; throw garbage at the garbage collection n points.
oints. Added
A to this, if
people use public toilets with care, we'll bee able to enjoy
en life without flies,
un
mosquitoes, cockroaches and other insects. sects.
cts.
Student I: Sir, we should keep our home as well as school
Fo sch clean especially school
washrooms.
Student J: This is every one’s responsibilitylity to use them with care.
k
Teacher: And for this, we should daily ly check our
ou
o surroundings and keep them clean.
oo
By doing this, we can stay ay healthy.

heal
healt In fact when we are free from dirt; we
are free from germs. ms. Let Pakistan
Pa emerge as an example of a clean and
B
green country in n the

the world.
worl
Students: We promise to do our ou best, Sir!
al
Teacher: Wonderful! ul!! By your

you involvement in this decision making process, you will
mprove conditions
help improve c for everyone and the reward of all this is -
on
appiness. May Allah () grant you success! Now let’s make lines to go
happiness.
ti
outside and start our project “Clean and Green Pakistan”
(They all leave the class)
10
Understanding and Comprehension
Answer the following questions
a. What in your opinion is the beauty of nature?
b. Write a message to promote the clean and green campaign in your school.
c. The required mindset comes with forming habits. List at least two habits
which will help in keeping you and your surroundings clean.
d. How can you make cleanliness campaign effective in your school,l, home and
a
on
street?
e. Imagine how your country will look if this campaign is successful.
essful. Write
ccessful. W a
ti
paragraph about it.
da
Working with Words
un
1- Vocabulary, Diction & Pronunciation:
n: Fo
Work in pairs and help each other in making sentences
enten
entence of the words given in the table.
For phonetic transcription, follow the chart
rt given
art give under the table.
k
Words (part Phonetic Meaning

eaning
oo
of speech) Transcription
Campaign /kæmˈpen/ a se
series of planned activities that are intended to
B
noun achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim
Maintain /menˈten/
ˈten/
n/ to make something continue at the same level and
l
na
verb standard
Administrative connected with organizing the work of a business or
/ədˈmnstrətv/
/ədˈmns
adjective an institution
io
Academic /ˌækəˈdemk/
/ˌæ connected with education, especially studying in
at
adjective schools and universities

Global
al /ˈɡləʊbl/ covering or affecting the whole world
N
adjective
ve
Challenge /ˈtʃælndʒ/ a new or difficult task that tests somebody's ability
noun and skill
Safeguard /ˈsefɡɑːd/ to protect something/somebody from loss, harm or
verb damage; to keep something safe
hygiene /ˈhadʒiːn/ keeping yourself and your living and working areas
clean in order to prevent illness and disease
11
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Given below is the pronunciation chart. This will help you for pronunciation
practice. Consult this table for the pronunciation of words of all the units
Consonant - Examples
on
b BAD, LAB m MAN, LEMON tʃ CHECK, CH
HUR
U CH
d DID, LADY n NO, TEN θ K, BOTH
THINK,
ti
f FIND, IF ŋ SING, FINGER ð THIS, MOTHER
da
g GIVE, FLAG p PET, MAP v VOICE, FIVE
VOICE,
h HOW, HELLO r RED, TRY w WET, WINDOW
WE
un
j YES, YELLOW s SUN, MISS z ZOO, LAZY
k CAT, BACK ʃ SHE, CRASH Fo ʒ PLEASURE, VISION
l LEG, LITTLE t TEA, GETTING

NG dʒ JUST, LARGE
k
Vowels - Examples
oo
Single Sounds Dou

Double Sounds Diphthongs
B
ʌ CUP, LUCK i: SEE HEAT e SAY, EIGHT

ɑ: ARM, FATHER
l
æ CAT, BLACK oʊ GO, HOME

na
e TEA, GETTING
G ɔ: CALL, FOUR ɔ BOY, JOIN
ə AWAY,, CINEMA ɜ: TURN, LEARN eə WHERE, AIR
io
N
HIT, SITTING u: BLUE, FOOD ə NEAR, HERE
at
ɒ HOT, ROCK ʊə PURE, TOURIST

ʊ PUT, COULD a FIVE, EYE
N
aʊ NOW, OUT
Teaching Point: The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) has been developed by the International Phonetic
Association as a writing system that can be used to describe the sounds used in speech across languages. Practice will be
needed by the students to initially understand the use of the chart. Consonants are regular sounds and are comparatively
easier but vowels need more practice. Single sounds are shorter than the double dotted sounds. Diphthongs are two
different vowels, hence greater focus is required to experience this.
12
2-Word Cloud:
A word cloud is a group of words connected with the theme word. How many words do
you recognize from the two word clouds below? Taking help from these words write
five sentences each on the topics of Clean and Green.
on
ti
da
3- Word Position - Parts of Speech:
un
The position of the word “clean” is shown at differntt parts
arts of speech.
s
Noun ner
ng/clean
cleaning/clea
Fo
Verb le
clean - cleaned - cleaned
k
Clean Adjective clean bowled clean water

clea
oo
Adverb
rb cleanly
lB
Opposite
pposit unclean
na
Some examples of compound

comp words: Clean-cut, clean-living, clean-up, dry-clean
io
at
Reading
eading Makes
M Us Wise!
N
A poemm is given
gi on the campaign of Clean and Green . Sing it like a song by following
the given punctuation marks as:
1. Comma: (,) It means a small pause.
2. Full stop: (.) This is a sentence break, hence it is a longer pause.
3. Exclamation: (!) It is used to put emotions in the tone. Some

expression in the voice has to be added to perform the meaning.
13
My Commitment to My Country
I keep my country clean.
I pick, pick, pick
Wrappers, bottles, sticks and papers
I don't throw things and litter places.
da
I keep my country green,
Campaign in action
Camp
I keep my country green.
un
I plant, plant, plant
Flowers, shrubs, bushes and trees Fo
I don't pluck flowers or chop trees.
I keep my country green.
I can make my country

ountry clean!
cle
I can make my country
c untr green! Jacaranda trees in bloom
I work, work,
rk, work;
wor
To make
ke plains,
plain hills, lakes and fields
bloom
loom with flowers and buzz with bees.
I keep my country clean and green.
a
Task:: Difference
Differe
Differen between prose and poetry
N
How is prose different from poetry? One point is given in the table below as an example. Find
out two more points and add these to the list.
Prose Poetry
Prose refers to a form of writing which has Poetry is creative writing which has
ordinary language and sentence structure. rhythm and mood.
14
Language Corner
1-Exclamation Mark:
An exclamatory sentence makes a statement that conveys strong emotion or
excitement. In truth, exclamation marks are like sugar. These add tonee and some
on
ence
nce examples.
emphasis on certain words. Let's take a look at some exclamatory sentence exam
Make three similar sentences to understand the meaning.
ti
Exclamatory types with example
da
Exclamatory Sentence with "What:” hat a cute
What cut puppy!
un
Express Strong Emotion: Fa
Fantastic, let's go!
Fo
Exclamatory Sentence with "How:" How fast you ran!
k
Exclamatory Sentences Containing "So:”

o:” I’m so mad right now!
oo
Exclamatory Sentences Containing

ing "Such:”
"Such
"Suc He’s such a kind soul!
lB
2-Modal Verb “Can”:

ningg to the verbs.
Modal verbs give meaning v For example; can stands for the ability to do something. It is
uestions and taking permission etc. Five statement with the use of can are given
also used for askingg questions
below in column n A. Column B has the meaning of the verb can. Match the right response. An example is
given to help
p you.
ou.
a
Column A
Co Column A
N
We can stay with our uncle when we are in Peshawar. permission

She can go out of the classroom. request
Can you give me your pencil? ability
Any child can grow up to become president of the country. choice
I can ride a horse possibility
15
3- Compound Words:
A compound word is where two or more words are put together to form a word or
phrase with a new meaning. They fall into three categories i.e. open, closed and
hyphenated compound words. Examples are given to help you find five examples for
each category.
Open Compound words Closed compound words Hyphenated words
on
Ice cream / study room mindset / cannot dry-clean
clean
ean / clean-cut
cl
cle
ti
da
Creative Writing
un
1- Commitments - Essential for Life: Fo
Education helps us to live a better life in a disciplined
sc pline
plined manner.
m It helps us to form habits
and a better style of living. Choose one commitment
ommitm
mmitm which you want to adopt from the
k
list given below. Present it in the classs with

ith reas
reasons!
oo
v b
Take care of personal hygiene without being told to do so
v Use a broom and dustpan properly
lB
v carr it to the
Take out the trash and carry t garbage collection point
v Keep you classroom m neat and clean
na
2- Art of writing Poetry:

oetry:
Poetry iss an interesting
inter
intere form of writing. We can express ourselves feely. There are
io
some rules which need

nee to be followed for certain styles, however it can be a great way to
ne
at
expresss feelings
feelings. Anyone can write poetry. Just pick up a pencil and begin practicing.
im
Some of the important stages are:
N
i. Begin with an idea

ii. Brainstorm
iii. organize your thoughts
iv. Use rhyming words
v. Use a lot of descriptive words.
You may read the poem in the unit once again for inspiration.
16
3- Flyer making for a Campaign:
Flyers have long been considered a great way to get your

message to the general public. Prepare a flyer for the people
around your home and school to make the campaign ‘Clean
and Green Pakistan’ a great success. A few guidelines for
flyer making are given below:
n
1. Include the basics
io
Make sure your flyer states the who, what, where,
t
and when of what you're trying to communicate. Let’s ma
make a flyer
da
2. Go for eye-catching imagery
Sample template
Sa
Flyer design is important so use images that will grab
b
un
people’s attention.
3. Keep it brief
When if comes to text, less is more. Too many
Fo
any words
word
will detract from your imagery and the h essential
esse
essen
information.
k
Note: A sample flyer is given to assistt you

ou in making
m your
oo
flyer.
lB
Name (s)
Contact: Phone No.
email:
na
Fluency of expression
ression
1- Quotes Collection:
lection:
ection:
io
Quotes aree form of direct

d speech and should always be written within quotation marks.
at
ame of author
The name auth should be acknowledged. Using quotes in your written and spoken
aut
N
expressions
ssions adds value to it. Five quotations are given on the topic of Commitment.
Learn these and practice in daily speech.
Commitment is defined as a willingness to give your time and energy to something

that you believe in, or a promise or firm decision to do something. May these
quotes inspire you to be committed for making your dreams a reality.
17
v “Commitment is what transforms a promise into reality."
(Abraham Lincoln)
v “Stay committed to your decisions, but stay flexible in your approach”.
(Tom Robbins)
v Commitment is an act, not a word”.
(Jean-Paul Sartre)
rtre
v "I am easily satisfied with the very best”.
on
(Winston
on Churchill)
Church
v “You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.”.
ti
(Margaret Thatcher)
da
2-Idiomatic Expressions:
un
Idioms in English language are a type of figurative language.
nguage. A figurative expression is
one whose meaning has no relation to the words ords in the
tth phrase. They use creative
Fo
descriptions to share an idea of feeling. Idioms
ms helps
hel us to promote fluent and ready
response. Learn the following idioms and use them
them in
th i daily conversation. Definition are
k
give to understand the meaning. Learn n and

nd practice
pract the idioms to enhance your fluency
oo
of speech.
S.No Idioms Mea

Meaning Usage in sentences
lB
01 Can't make heads dss or not be able to She talks and talks but I can't
mething
ething
tails out of something understand something make heads or tails out of it’
na
02 od head on
Have a good o be intelligent
houlders
your shoulders
io
03 m head to
From t toe dressed or covered in
at
something completely
keep going in life
N
04 Get your head above

water despite many difficulties
05 Bury one's head in the ignore something

sand completely
06 Drum something into repeat over and over until

someone's head someone learns something
18
3-Speech Acts - Polite & Friendly Request
1. Can you please take

care of my dog for an 2. Oh no! I'm
hour? scared of animals.
3. Come on, he's a Are you sure? Let me

friendly dog. He'll play first try the ball trick.
with you. Take this ball. He seems to be a good
un
dog.
Don't
Fon't worry! You'll
You
like him. He seems to be a
good dog!
k
oo
4-Fun Reading:
B
Q: What has hands but can't

an't clap?
c ap
al
A: A clock!
on
ti
19
02
Healthy Living
After reading this unit the students will be able to
v identify different ways of healthy living.

v explain that healthy living encompasses both body and mind.
v identify and locate given words in dictionary and be able to use h m in
see them
th i
sentences.
v use different types of sentences and types of figurativee language.
langua
languag
ngua
g
v work collaboratively in groups on a given task/ project.ct.
ct
t
v write story with the help of picture prompt.
ons,
ns,
ns
s, idioms,
id
idi
dio
d speech acts and
fun reading
POSITIVE
THINKING
k
oo
EAT
BETTER HEALTHY
LIVING FEEL
GOOD
ULAR
REGULAR
EXERCISE
XERCIS
Pre-Reading:
ad
1- What is healthy living to you?
2- “The first wealth is health.” –
(Ralph Waldo Emerson)
a) What does this quote mean to you?

b) Do you agree with Emerson? Give at least two reasons.
102
Healthy Living
Like machines, humans also have hardware and software which help us to exist
in the world. The hardware is our physique - the way we appear to the world and the
mainta
software is our inner - the way we think and feel. Healthy living means maintaining
n
hat we provide
healthy hardware and software. This healthy existence depends on what pro to
io
ourselves.
t
da
“The human body is the best picture of the human soul.”
oul.” -- T
Tony Robbins
Our body is kept healthy when we
un
feed it with right kind of food from all the
nutrient groups in the required
proportion at the right time. This means
that there should be equal presence off
k
fresh fruits/vegetables, dairy products, ucts,

ts,
oo
dry fruits/seeds and meat etc. Whereas, ereas,

the right proportion means the he quantity
quanti
lB
of food according to the needs

eds of
o the body.
If a person takes in more food ffo than
na
required, the excesss food is converted

c to
fat that results in
n weight gain
g and diseases
io
like diabetes, s, heart problem

p and joints
at
pain. Eating
ing too little
litt and unbalanced food
causeses weight lloss because the fat is used
N
for energy
erg and leads to disease like
ergy
anaemia. Hence the importance of a well-
balanced diet is evident as it aims to
provide nutrients essential for proper
growth and functioning of the human
body in adequate proportions.
21
Some guidelines towards keeping a healthy hardware of our bodies are:
v choose whole instead processed food

v say 'no' to sugar and choose nuts instead
v keep healthy food readily available
v balanced diet with right sized portions
v 30 minutes physical exercise daily
n
io
“We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think.
at
When the mind is pure joy follows like a shadow which never
ver leaves.” –Buddha
nd
Healthy mind and inner
self depend on the quality of our
positive thoughts. To maintain
ourselves healthy from inside,
we should guard the garden of
our mind from harmful
thoughts and feelings. Positive
o
thoughts like praise, acceptance ce

lB
and tolerance towards others h

he
lead to contentment and nd peace.
na
They make us happy y and

nd our life
li
l
b e c o m e s m o re e n j oya
oy b l e
io
because they y generate positive

energy.
at
One should appreciate others when it

N
is due, and accept them with all their

differences. Allah has made us all with
utmost care and love and He loves all
of His creations. Therefore, we should
also respect and love our fellow beings.
22
We should keep a watch on what we
allow inside our minds, starting from words
we speak, thoughts and attitude towards
others. We should not waste energy and time
on gossiping, bad-mouthing and finding
faults in others. These lead to negative
thoughts like jealousy, guilt, fear and making
excuses to cover up how we actually feel.
These negative thoughts lead to unhealthy
t
da
and therefore, unhappy life
Some guidelines to maintain healthy software are:
un
v Think before you speak especially when it relates to
o others.
thers.
v Don't say anything until it is true, useful or kind.
Fo d.
v Don't say inside, what you can't say outside.
de.
v Say what you mean. Mean what you say.
ay.
y
k
v Don't say to anyone unless you can everyone.

n sayy to eve
oo
Aspiring to live healthy, the benefits

benefit of regular exercise and physical activity are
benef
lB
hard to ignore. It is recommended ded to have

h at least 30 minutes of physical activity every
day. This time can be utilized zed in playing
lized l our favourite sports, doing some exercise or
going for a walk in thee morning or evening. Adding physical activity to our daily routine
na
adds quality in lifee with hea

health benefits as well as mental peace. It reduces risk to many
diseases, makes
ess joints and
a muscles stronger and maintains body weight. It also leads to
an
io
healthier state
te of mind
tate min and lifts our moods which leads to improved social life. Exercise,
at
meditation
tion
ion and p physical activity every day, are a great way to feel better, boost your
health
h and have
ha fun. One should remember that desired change in lifestyle does not
h
N
happen overnight
ov and it takes a lot of dedication and hard work to start living healthy.
23
Understanding & Comprehension
Answer the following questions:
a) What is healthy living?
b) How can you define hardware and software of oneself?
c) What does maintenance of a healthy hardware involve?
d) What problems does an unhealthy lifestyle cause?
on
e) Enlist positive and negative thoughts from the lesson.
f) How can we keep our inner self clean and healthy?
ti
Add your own points too in the given guidelines.
da
g) Is it easy to keep healthy living in routine? Give three reasons
sons to support
easons s your
answer.
un
Working with Words Fo
1- Vocabulary, Diction & Pronunciation:
n:
k
a. Read the words with the help of phonetic

honetic
netic script
scr
sc and practice in the class. Also learn
oo
spellings and meanings.
Words/ Phonetic Meaning

B
Classification Transcription
Hardware /ˈh ːdwɛː/
wɛː//
A physical part of computer
l
noun
na
Nutrient /ˈnjuːtrənt/
uːtrənt A substance in food that provides nourishment
noun essential for life and growth
io
Deficiency /dˈfʃ(ə)nsi/
/d
/dˈf
A lack, shortage or shortfall
at
noun
Appreciate
eciate verb /əˈpriːʃet,əˈpriːset/ Recognize the full worth/value of
N
noun
Gossip /ˈ ɒsp/ to engage in a casual conversation about
Verb someone in their absence
Guilt / lt/ The fact of having committed a crime or offence

noun
Jealousy /ˈdʒɛləsi/ The state or feeling jealous/envy
noun
24
Function /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ An activity that is natural to or the purpose of a
noun person or thing
Healthy /ˈhɛlθi/ In a good physical or mental condition
Task: Work in pairs and help each other in making sentences of the words given in
the table above. For example: Anemia is caused by deficiency of iron
on in blood.
bloo
blo
on
2- Word Cloud:
ti
A Word Cloud is a group of words connected with a theme word.
d. How many
ma words
do you recognize from the word cloud below? Taking help from
om these words write
rom
da
five sentences on the topic of health.
un
at
3- Word
d Position
Positio – in the Dictionary:
N
a) Look into
iin a dictionary and find at least three words with these entry words:
i- head ii-book iii-bath
Example: Door doorknob, door-handle, doormat etc
b) Look into dictionary and find synonyms of the following words:
i-skyline ii- deficiency iii-stream

iv- energetic v- happy
25
Reading Makes Us Wise!
The Smallest Boy with the Biggest Dreams!
Devasted and lonely, Leo was sitting in a dark room since the last two hourhours while
his father was patiently waiting for him in the lounge outside. They had just st come back
on
from the hospital where the doctor broke the news that the boy suffered red from a growth
hormone deficiency. This meant he was physically unable to grow oww unless he received
ti
special treatment, which would span three years and cost $1,500 500 per month.
,500 m It was an
da
unaffordable cost of treatment for this modest working-class ass family.
class fami Unable to cover
fam
such a costly treatment, his father was left with no choice ce but to request Leo's football
oice
un
club to bear with these enormous medical charges. es.. His club
clu could hand over only a
small amount to his embarrassed father and could Foould not dod much to help him bear the
expenses of his medical treatment.
Leo was born on June 24, 1987, in the he warm city of Rosario, Argentina. He was the
k
third child in a tight-knit, hard-working

kingg family
famil who fervently loved football. His two
oo
older brothers and cousins would d constantly

constant go out to play, and as soon as he was able,
Leo tagged along. But the rest of the boy
boys were much older than Leo, and were hesitant
B
to let him join in. His grandmother

mo er whow always went with him, insisted they allow him
to play too. After watchingng Leo take his first football steps, she later convinced Leo's
pa of cleats. At four years old, Leo joined the Grandoli local
mother to buy him hiss first pair
club, and soon football became as important for him as the air he breathed. He
practiced day in and d day out, skipping outings with his friends to train at home before a
game. The he sport made
m him inexplicably happy and motivated and he began to dream of
becoming
ming a prprofessional footballer. But after his medical reports this dream seemed
impossible
ible with no way to meet the expenses of his treatment. But then it all happened.
26
Stories of a 13-year-old boy who had similar Read me
talents to legendary Argentinian footballer Diego Read this line and write in your
Maradona had reached the ears of FC Barcelona's words how hard Leo worked to
technical director, Carles Rexach. Intrigued, he sent achieve his goal in life
an offer to the Leo's family, proposing a trial where he He practiced day in and day
could see the boy's famed skills for himself. If he out, skipping outings with his
on
passed, the club would cover his medical bills, but on friends to train at home before
bef
a game.
the condition that Leo moved to Spain.
ti
While Leo didn't want to leave his life in Rosario behind, his dream of becoming a
da
professional football player was too important. So, in September mber 2000,
ptember 2 Leo and his
family uprooted their lives and flew across the Atlantic to Barcelona.
Barcelo The family stayed
Barcelon
un
in a hotel while Leo presented himself to the prestigious ous FC Barcelona Youth team. He
gious
was given his uniform and went to the changing room, where whe he didn't speak a word to
Fo
his new teammates. They all looked at him in disbelief
isbelief of
o how small he was, but after he
spent two minutes on the pitch, they were in disbelief
dis elie of how good he was. Coach Carles
d
k
was so impressed that he offered Leo a contract on the only thing he had at hand — a
oo
paper napkin. Leo signed it, openingg the door

doo to the life he had always dreamed of.
Today the world knows Leo ass Lionel

Lione Messi - the boy who was once too small to play
B
with his cousins is now the winner

w nn of five Golden Balls, three European Golden
l
Shoes, and is one of the

he top goal
go scorers in the world.
na
27
Task - Group Work:
v Work in small groups and with the help of A Fact File can be like as given below
however it is not the only way to write
internet in your school's computer lab a fact file and you can bring in your
prepare a fact file of Lionel Messi. innovative ideas:
v Can you come up with a similar story of Born in & at
First
someone who lived to fulfill his/her dream? professional
on
Write a brief account of his/her life. appearance
First club
First title
ti
Best
Language Corner Records
da
1- Sentence:
un
A sentence is a set of words that is complete in itselff and conveys
conv a thought. A sentence
typically contains a subject and predicate consisting
sisting of a main clause and sometimes
Fo
one or more subordinate clauses.
The sentence can take different forms and d these are:
a
k
v Statement to convey a piece of information.

nformation
rmatio
oo
v Question to find about something.thing.

ng.
v Command to tell someonee to do som something.
lB
v Exclamation to express sss feelings.

fe ings
Examples of Sentences Types of Sentence

na
To achieve your
ur targets, you
y shall have to work hard Statement
io
1-
at
Have you drunk enough water today? Question

2-
N
Don't waste
w your time in watching TV every night. Command
3-
Wow! What an amazing goal! Exclamation

4-
Task: One example for each type of sentence is given above. Write another sentence
of each type in the given spaces.
28
2- Subject and Predicate:
The subject of a sentence consists of naming words and the predicate is concerned with
doing or being. The main word in the subject is a noun and the main word in the
predicate is verb.
Example: The happy boy showed his trophy to the audience.
n
io
Subject Predicate
at
Task: Add suitable predicates to the following subjects to make
akee meaningful
meanin
meani sentences.
d
un
a. We
Fo
b. That man who is the coach
k
c. An engine
oo
d. lasses
The women with the glasses
l B
e. The dog without

ut a tail
na
io
The old dog The huge

h boxes A short lady A one minute job!
at
My big brother All the kids One of us Match the subjects in blue
boxes with appropriate
N
Sickk people Those candies The gray clouds predicates in red boxes
to make new sentences.
are tall. eats a lot. are squeaky.
are closed. went home. smells bad. (watch your time and
record it. Let’s see who wins!)
were sleeping. are empty. are very fruity.
29
3- Simile and Metaphor-Types of Figurative language:
A simile is a comparison between two dissimilar things using the words like or
as. For example; Her hair is as white as snow or the grass in the field is like a lush green
carpet on the earth. A metaphor goes one step further to make a direct statement
(without using like or as). Metaphor is a figure of speech that is used ed to make
m a
on
comparison between two different things which have some thing in common. mmon.
ti
Task: Search for the meanings of metaphors given below ow and re record in your
da
notebooks. Use these metaphors in your own sentences to make
ke their meanings clear.
un
feeling blue, apple of my eye, time is a thief, and
a bubbly
personality. For example: It seems
Fo y are feeling
ms that you
blue. Is there something wrong g that
tha you would like to
share with me?
k
oo
B
30
Creative Writing
Task-Writing a Story with the help of a Picture Prompt
Write a story about the boy in the picture below. Take help from the word
d pool given
on
at the bottom of the picture:
ti
l
na
Tip: Follow the sequence

equence
quence of
o the words
io
Unhappy, tires
res easily,
easily advice, healthy life style, balanced diet, right portion, right
kind of food, physical activity, positive thoughts, quality times, happy, active,
ood, ph
at
productive,
ductive, “A man is, what he feeds himself”
N
Library is Home to Wise:
Visit your school library and find books on nutrition and healthy ways of being.
v List the ways for keeping your hardware and software healthy.
v Find out information about your favourite sports and enlist famous players of that sports.
31
Quotes are a form of direct speech and should always be written within
quotation marks. The name of the author should be acknowledged. Collect at lleast five
more quotes on healthy living and write them in your note book.
on
1 2
ti
da
“Early to bed and early to “Our bodies are our
rise, makes a man healthy gardens - our wills are our
wealthy and wise."
un
gardeners."
(Benjamin Franklin) William Shakespeare)
(William S
Fo
“The doctor of the future will
k
no longer treat the human

oo
“A healthy outside starts from

frame with drugs, but ratherr
the inside.”
will cure and prevent disease
(Robert Urich)
lB
with nutrition."
Edison
(Thomas Edison)
3 4
na
2- Idioms-Type off Figurative

Figura language:
io
Idioms in n English language

l are a type of figurative language. A figurative expression is one
whose meaning ng has no relation to the words in the phrase. They use creative descriptions to share an
ning
at
eeling.
eling. Here are some idioms related to food along with their meanings. Use them in your own
idea or feeling.
sentences elaborate their meaning.
nces to ela
elab
N
Sr. No Idioms Meanings Use in Sentences
01 Piece of cake Something very easy Winning that debate competition was a
piece of cake for Aamna.
02 have bigger Have more important

fish to fry things to do
32
03 like two peas Nearly identical, very
in a pod similar
04 hard nut to A difficult problem or
crack a difficult person
05 cry over To be unhappy because

spilt milk of a past event which
cannot be changed now
on
06 food for Something that makes
thought you think carefully
ti
07 pie in the Something unrealistic
da
sky that cannot be achieved
08 couch A lazy person who

potato watches tv too much
un
09 tough cookie A very determined
person Fo
10 cool as a A person who is able
cucumber to remain calm
k
3-Speech Acts: Think-Pair-Share

oo
1- Put the students into pairs.

2- Write names of different foods on the board.
boa
bo
B
nhea
hea hy food
3- Make a list of healthy and unhealthy foo and discuss it in the group.
l
Student B: I like Biryani too. Student A: I don't like

na
It's always yummy Biryani. It's too spicy for

Student
udent B: I li
like bananas
lik
me.
Student A: I like apples. They more. They give energy.
are healthy
io
at
N
4-Fun Reading:
Q: What are the two things you can't have for breakfast?
A: Lunch and dinner.
33
03
Little Frog in the Well
v understand a fable as short story with animals as characters and a moral
mor
o
at the end.
v learn synonyms of words
v practice conversation for effective communication
v think in English for fluency of expression
v analyse a monologue as a speech tool
v complete a semantic map for three verbs
v practice a modal verb “Must” for two uses
v write conversation and story as guided activities
ct vities
ctivities
ities
iti
v find strategies to offer help
v express fluently through quotations,s,, idioms,
id
d msms speech acts and fun reading
v enhance fluency of expression through
ough
o gh quotations,
ugh
gh q idioms, speech acts
and fun reading
Pre-Reading:
a) Do you know any idiom on a frog in your mother tongue?
b) Share any other idiom linked to an animal!
Little Frog in the Well
My good friends imagine if you were to live at the bottom of a deep, dark well. What
kind of a world would you see?
g down
There was a Little Frog who lived at the bottom of a deep, dark well. Now let us go
there and see what kind of a world he had.
on
It was a very old well filled with shallow water at the bottom. The walls
lls of the well
alls w were
ti
all covered with wet moss. When the Little Frog was thirsty, he drankrank a little
li
lit bit of the
da
well water, and when he was hungry, he ate some insects. When enn he was tired, he lay on a
little rock at the bottom of the well and looked up at the skyy above him. Sometimes he
un
saw passing clouds. He was very happy and satisfied.
The Little Frog had been
b living at the bottom of
Fo
this old well since
sin he was born. He had never
beenn to the
t e outside
o world. Whenever a bird or
k
birds
rds flew by and stopped at the edge of the well,
oo
the Little
Lit Frog always looked up and bragged,
Li
"Hello! why don't you come down here and
B
play with me. It's so pleasant down here. Look, I

have cool water to drink and countless insects to
eat. Come down! At night I can watch the
twinkling stars, and sometimes I can see the
io
beautiful moon, too.”

at
Sometimes es the birds

bir would tell the Little Frog, "Hi, Little Frog! You see, the
outside
de world isi much bigger and nicer. It's many times more beautiful than your little
N
well at the bottom.

b "But the Little Frog would not believe them. "Don't lie to me, I don't
believe there is any place that could be better than here. “
Gradually, all the birds began to dislike him. They thought he was too stubborn and
stopped talking to him.
The Little Frog could not understand why nobody liked to come down to his nice place.
35
One day, a yellow sparrow stopped by at the edge of the
well. The Little Frog was so excited he greeted the
sparrow and invited the sparrow eagerly. "Hello, Mr.
Yellow Sparrow, how are you? Please come down to my
most beautiful house." The yellow sparrow did not say
llow
a word and flew away. The next day the yellow ow sparrow
spa
on
came again and the same thing happened ppened again.
aag It
went on for six days. On the seventh day, the yellow sparrow finallylly
y said, "Little
"L Frog,
ti
he offer.
may I show you the outside world?" But the Little Frog refused the
da
Finally the yellow sparrow became angry. He flew
down to the bottom of the well, picked up the Little
un
Frog on his back, and flew out of the well.
Fo
"Oh!" the Little Frog exclaimed. "How is it that hat the
outside world is so big!" He had been in thee bottom
bo tom of
o
unshine
nshine m
his dark well for so long that the bright sunshine made
k
rdly open his

his eyes blink shut, and he could hardly h eyes
oo
to see.
lB
When he finally opened his is eyes, he

h saw so many
things around him. "Hey!ey! Be careful!
ca
c Don't hit this
na
strange thing. What aree all these

the green high and low
ow
things?" The yellow w sparrow
sparro
sparr laughed happily: "Ha!
io
ha! These areree mountains

mounta
mount and valleys. There are
countless mountain
mountains in this world. The Himalayas,
at
iss
ss Alps, the
the Swiss th Rockies and... "
N
ttle Frog
The Little Fr could not believe there were so many big mountains in the world. When
they flew over the high mountains, the next view made the Little Frog even more
surprised.
"What is this long, silvery, shiny view?"
"It is a river," the yellow sparrow replied.
"Then what is that huge, blue thing over there?”
36
"That is a sea," the yellow sparrow replied.
“That river and sea, how much water do they
have? How much bigger are they than my
well? They must hold a billion times more
og began
water than my well." The Little Frog b to
realize how tiny his well was. "Let's
t's go down,
Let's d
on
O.K.?" The yellow sparrow w put theth Little
Frog down on the ground d and flew away.
ti
The Little Frog jumped into the grass and saw many beautiful autiful
da
squirrels jumping
flowers of different colors. He had never seen such beautiful

ul flowers
lowers
oing
and had never smelled such nice scents. He kept on going ng and went
w
un
into a forest. In it he looked up and saw many tall trees.
ees. He looked
down and found many different kinds of fruits that had fa
Fo fallen to the
jumping, monkeys
ground. He picked up an apple and tasted it.
t. "Wow,
"Wow so sweet!"
"W
Then he listened to the beautiful singing ng of the
ing th birds. The cute
k
squirrels were jumping, the monkeys were ere swinging

swin from branch to
oo
branch, and the antelopes were scampering

mpering speedily.
ampering s
Antelopes
In the pond, the lotus flowers were dancing
dan in the air, and the lotus Scampering
lB
leaves were floating on thee water

wa er like
lik umbrellas. There were many
fish in the water.
na
"The outside world d is so big, so wonderful, and beautiful!" The Little

Frog finally cried happily and jumped into the pond. He climbed
ed out hap
io
up on a hugee lotus lea

leaf and enjoyed his new life there. The yellow sparrow came back
at
and asked, Frog! How's this outside world? Big? Beautiful?"

ed, "Little F
"Thank
nk you vevery much. If you had not brought me out to see this world, I would
N
never had
ad known
k that there are such beautiful things that exist outside my well."
The Little Frog never tried to go back to his old well again.
https://www.taiwandc.org/folk-fro.htm
Teaching point:Little Frog in the Well is a fable. A fable is a short story with animals as
characters and it conveys a definite moral. In urdu we call this story
37
1- Answer the following questions:

a. How many animals are mentioned in the story?
b. Why did the yellow sparrow come to the well for seven days?
c. Did the frog find the world outside “Big? Beautiful?” Give reasons for
or both.
bot
on
d. Do you think human beings also live like the characters in this story?
ry? Explain
tory? Expl
with examples
ti
e. Write the moral of the story?
da
Working with Words
un
1- Vocabulary, Diction & Pronunciation
Fo
a. Read the words with the help of phonetic script
ript and practice
p in the class. Also learn
the spellings and meanings.
k
Words Phonetic
Meaning
Mean
oo
Transcription
Imagine /ˈmædʒn// form a mental image or concept of
Verb
B
shallow /ˈʃæləʊ/
æləʊ/
ʊ/ of little depth.
l
adjective
na
Moss /mɒs/ a small flowerless green plant which lacks true roots
Noun and grows in damp places
io
bragged
/bræɡ/ To say something in a boastful manner.
verb
at
stubborn
orn
rn /ˈstʌbən/ not to change one's attitude or position
N
adjective
ctive on something
Eagerly to emphasize a strong desire to do
/ˈiːɡəli/
adverb or have something.
Blink /blŋk/ shut and open the eyes quickly.
verb
Scampering run with quick light step through fear or excitement.
/ˈskæmpə(r)/
Verb gerund or present participle:”scampering”
38
2- Synonyms: Shallow & Stubborn
A Synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word
or phrase in the same language, for example shut is a synonym of close. Given below are
synonyms of two words. Learn the words and make sentences.
Shallow Stubborn
on
v adamant, determined,
rmined,
mined,
ti
v empty, flat, hollow v dogged headstrong
dstrong
da
v trivial, slight, surface v inflexiblee persistent
persisten
v depthless, inconsiderable v relentless
ss rigid
less
v single-minded
gle-minde
e-minde
un
v superficial, unsound v steadfast
adfast ttenacious
teadfast
Fov tough uunshakable, willful
3- Word Positions – Deep:

k
Deep is used for saying or asking the

he distance from the top. It shows a long way
oo
down from the surface. Some examples

xamples aare given for you to read.
lB
east ten feet deep. (Noun)

The pond needs to be at least
na
The river is pretty deepp here.

eep (Adjective)
This is an area off high hills and deep valleys.
io
How deep is thehe snow?

He had a deep p cut on his forehead.
eep
at
I do feel a very deep

de sympathy for them all.
rd a deep voice on the other end of the phone
I heard
N
There was a beautiful deep red carpet in the room

He fell into a deep sleep.
Task: Make five sentences for the words “deep” using it both as noun and as
adjective
39
Reading Makes Us Wise!
Conversation:
Conversation is a small talk, especially an informal one, between two or
more people, in which news and ideas are exchanged. Read the
on
conversation given below and explain the whole situation in your own words. rds.
Situation
[going towards the school canteen, suddenly Shagufta fta yells]
ti
Shaguta: oh no! I think I've dropped my money somewhere! re!
da
Huma: Oh dear! Are you sure?
Shagufta: ( pointing towards her pencil box) I remember mber
er I'd put
p it here.
un
Huma: Goodness gracious me! I find the lid of your ur box quite
q loose. I think the
money must have fallen in your bag. gFo
Shagufta: (turning back) You've got a point there but bu I must check.
Huma: Oh yea! Why not.
[they both turn back towards ards
ds the classroom]
cl
k
oo
Read me
Language Corner: Some of the important

lB
features of a conversation
are;
Think in English
location / scene
na
Thinking in the target

gett language
langua is very important. Once - characters
this milestone is achieved,
achiev speaking becomes easier. - Thoughts and feelings
io
Follow the given

iven four
fou steps to improve thinking and - situation
English
speaking in English.
at
1. Learn
arn vocab
vocabulary in phrases, not single words. Group of words help us catch
N
expressions
ressio which are commonly used in conversation, whereas single words only
provide information.
2. Start using new words and expressions. We should not stop ourselves from
speaking in English as “practice makes us perfect”.
Teaching Point: Discuss some important points essential for Conversation practice as effective
communication. These are; 1. Loud and clear voice, 2. Accuracy, fluency and intonation 3. Use of
eye contact and body language for conveying the message.
40
3. Get an English-speaking friend or partner. It is always easier to improve
English when we speak with a friend.
4. Talk to yourself. Describe whatever is happening around you in English to
yourself. This gives you extra practice before you start explaining things to other
people.
1- Monologue writing:
on
a. Monologue is speech we make to ourselves. Guess the monologues es of the different
di
d
animals from the story The Frog in the Well. Fill in the speech bubbles
ubbles below.
b An
ti
example is given to help you.
da
My well is the biggest place in the world.
un
Frog: Fo
k
oo
Birds Yellow sparrow

lB
Task: Write a monologuee for

or yourself
yo when the teacher asks you to speak for a
minute on
na
i. My Best Friend
iend
nd ii. My Home ii. My favourite Game
io
You may consult

ult the lists
nsult l of expressions given below to plan your work
at
Getting
ting started
starte Middle Structure Conclusion
N
The topic I'm going to First, I would like to say a few And finally, to round it off,
choose is….. words about… I'll….
We are here today to look Then, I'll move on to…. Well, let me just sum up my
at…. main points….
I would like to tell you Now I'd like to draw your Thank you very much for
something about… attention to the fact that… your attention
41
2. Semantic Map
Given below is a map of three verbs with two responses each about the topic “Frog”.
The verb “can” shows ability, “has” shows possession and “is” stands for factual
description. Add at least two more responses under each verb.
Frog
on
Can is
ti
has
da
live in water/on land big eyes a good
d swimmer
swim
un
jump great distance webbed feet found
nd all over
o the world
3- Modal Verb “Must” Fo

Modal verbs give meanings to the verbs. “Must
“Mus is used
u for two commands: 1 to obey
k
as a rule and 2 as an advice

oo
1- to talk about something that

at has to 2- to advise something because it's
be done because it's compulsory,
ulsory, It is
i a good idea:
lB
o ey a rule,
absolutely necessary to obey rul
ru If you visit Karachi, You must go to
tion
on
law, order, or instruction the seaside.
I must work hard to do wel
well in exams.
na
sentence in each column

Task: Write five sentences
io
Decisions
ons that
tha you must take five pieces of advice to help
at
throughout
through the year. your friends.
N
Teaching point: Semantic mapping can show a word or phrase and a set of related words or
concepts. Learning to create these maps help the students to get knowledge of language and
vocabulary acquisition and use. Practice will help them to clarify words used as concepts.
42
Creative Writing
1- Conversation Writing
Complete the given conversation by filling in the missing dialogues.
Situation
on
[ Riffat finds Talat totally confused in front of the notice board of the
hee school. He
H goes
ti
upto him to find out]
Riffat: What's up? You seem stressed!
da
Talat: I'm so worried! I don't know what to do?
Riffat:
un
Talat:
Riffat: Fo
Talat:
Riffat Read me
Talat: Well! I think you're right. I need too gain confidence.
co
k
Some of the important

Riffat: Sure! And you can do it.
oo
features of a story are:

2- Story Writing i. Characters ii. Events
lB
iii. Setting iv. Plot

Write a story by followingg the given
g ven three steps. v. Theme
I. Think of having a pet
et of your dreams
d or if you are lucky enough to have one already.
na
ii. Write a story of your

ur pet as
a your friend, the interests you share, the games you
play etc.
io
iii. You may imagine

magine that
t your pet can talk to you and feel like you. For example:
at
v whatt will you say to each other?

v Which rou routine will you follow?
N
v Select ect games

g that you will play together.
v The manners you want to teach to your pet
3- Problem Solving - Showing patience & Tolerance
We find many people around us who are stuck in problems. If they give up hope they fail
in their missions. Somebody has to motivate and encourage them to move on in life.
Do you think you can push them towards success?
43
Here are a few situations for you to think about. Some clues are also given to help you
plan better. Write all your strategies and share these in the class.
Problems Solutions
v I'm sure to fail. I'm a definite drop out v

from school!
v I can never speak English fluently! v
n
v Math is an impossible subject to learn! v
io
v Why should I clean the house? It's my v
mother's responsibility!
t
v Any other v
da
Some Clues to help you plan better Read me
un
· Be ready to help T
Take help from the clues to
· Find reasons which cause problems write solutions of the
· Plan your time and be regular in your efforts
Fo problems that you face
· Find some more friends to make a team.
a around yourself. You may
· Use positive words and motivational
nal statements
stat add some more if you need
k
oo
l B
1- Quotes Collection-
n- Kindness
Kindne
na
io
Five quotations
tions are given on Kindness for you to practice and learn.
v "Kindness
ndness is
i the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see."
at
Mark Twain
v "A wa
N
warm smile is the universal language of kindness." William Arthur Ward

v "C"Carry out a random act of kindness, with no expectation of reward, safe in the
knowledge that one day someone might do the same for you."
Princess Diana
v "Kind people are the best kind of people." Anonymous
v "Three things in human life are important. The first is to be kind. The second is to
be kind. And the third is to be kind." Henry James
44
2. Idioms - animals
2. Given below are some idioms related to animals along with their meanings.
Use them in your own sentences to elaborate their meanings.
S.No Idioms Meaning Usage in sentences
Frog in the well Narrow approach My aims are high in life,

fe, therefore
ther
01
on
well
I cannot be a frog in the well.
The biggest part or
02 Lion's share
ti
portion
da
Hold your horses Wait / be patient/ no
03
hurry
un
Let the cat out
04 To reveal a secret
of the bag Fo
Poor quality
y / very
v ry
05 Go to the dogs
bad
k
oo
06 Wild goose chase To waste

aste time
tim
lB
3- Speech Act – Offering help

lp / Showing
Show
Showi gratitude 3. You can come with me
4. Oh! You're very kind.
on the car. I'll pick you
You'll find me ready on
from your bus stop. But
the spot. Thank you
na
don't be late, please!

very much
1. You were late
again today? 2. I missed my bus
in the morning.
io
What happened?
at
N
Fun Reading
Q: What do you call an alligator in a vest?

An investigator!
45
04
The People of the Cave
v explain global dimensions of Islam and its presence across the global gllob
glo
languages.
v identify and appreciate diversity and equality of people from rom
omm across
acr
acro the
religions and countries.
v explain that literature has multi-linguistic background. d.
v identify 'anecdote' and 'poem' as different types of text
ext
xxtt in
i wwritten language.
v differentiate and use types of nouns, pronouns, verbserbs
rbs aand
bs an
b n adjectives.
v write a short paragraph in a creative way.
ttatiio idioms, speech acts and
quotat
quotatio
uotatio
uotatio
fun reading
Pre-Reading:
a) Have you read or heard any story from The Noble Quran? Share with your class.
b) The Noble Quran was revealed in Arabic language. Do you know what were the languages of
the other Holy books?
The People of the Cave
They kept sleeping for three
hundred and nine years in the cave
as the sun did not hit their dwelling
with high heat or bright sunbeams.
There was an abundant flow of air
and their bodies were turned on
their left and right sides so they
would not decay. They were three or
five in number and some say seven
with their dog sleeping beside them.
Only Allah() knows best. The
k
people of their country were

oo
unaware of their presence in thee The

T
Thh remains of the interior of the cave
cave and therefore they remained
ained
B
without interruption.
al
They were young muslim men

from the territory called Ephisus
(nowadays in Turkey). The king of
that territory was Duqyanus who
was an infidel and forced his
countrymen to worship idols.
Fearing that they would either be
forced to leave Islam or killed by the
king; these young men had sought
refuge in the cave where they
Bird ’s eye view of the remains remained in slumber, sound asleep.
of the Cave in Ephisus
47
When they went to the cave, they made a dua to Allah () for ease. They
decided to take rest there for a while, leaving the dog near the entrance as a guard.
Allah () caused them and the dog to sleep for
Do you know?
three hundred and nine years . They were
prevented from hearing any thing from the outside
n
world. No gust of wind or rumble of thunder would Gust and rumble are sound
io
words used here to add
a a
annoyed or awakened them. specific sound
nd to the reader's
imagination.
maginati
When Allah ()
t
willed, (after three
da
hundred and nine years) they woke up but did not
un
realise that more than three centuries had passed as they
ey slept. Out of hunger they sent
one of their companions to the city to buy food with
th the money
mon they had. To his surprise
Fo
he noticed that the city was very different from
m how they had left it. He bought food but
when he paid for it, the shopkeeper was astonished
ton ed to
tonis t see the outdated silver coin used
ok
three hundred years ago.

During the time of their
slumber all the people had
embraced Islam. The youth
took this news along with
the food to his companions
of the cave. Soon the news
about the people of the
cave spread like wild fire
a
and the young men were

N
Exterior
terior of the cave with Olive tree claimed to be taken to the king who was a
preserved from the era of the People of the Cave.
pious Muslim ruler.
There in the court it was revealed that these seven young men had slept in that
unusually long slumber by Allah's () will, Who had concealed the cave and all traces
of it from out side the world. The king took their blessings and this miracle further
strengthened the faith of the king and his countrymen.
48
When the young men died, they were
buried in the cave. Their burial place is still
intact for all to witness how Allah () has
kept the story of 'The People of Cave' alive
to this day too, so that those seeking the
truth are guided.
o
ti
Do you know? The monument
ment
nt of the site
sit
eople of the Cave
of the People C
da
The story of 'The People of
un
the Cave' existed in Latin
and Greek languages
before it was revealed in
Arabic language in The
Noble Quran.
Fo
k

hensio
oo
Answer the following questions: ns:

a) Who were The People of thee Cave and what was their era?
lB
b) Which territory did thee incident

in dent of the people of the cave take place in and where
can we find its ruins?
s?
na
c) What happened to the youth

you when they entered the cave to hide themselves?
d) How long did d they
hey sleep and why were they not awakened?
io
e) How was their long slumber revealed to their countrymen?

f) Identify
y the
he lesson
lesso this story teaches us. Write a brief account in your own words.
at
N
Read me
R
The story of the the People of the Cave is told in Surah Al Kahf which is a Makki Surah. It
was revealed when Hazrat Muhammad was in Makkah before his Migration to
Madina Munawwara and when the persecution of Muslims and Islam was at its peak.
It was revealed somewhere between 8th and 10th year of his Prophethood. Surah Al
Kahf has 110 Ayaat/Verses and is the 18th Surah of the Qur'an. It is recommended to
recite Surah Al Kahf on every Friday and before the sunset to add blessings in your life.
49
Working with Words
n
Abundant /əˈbʌnd(ə)nt/ existing or available in large quantities;
es; plentiful.
plentifu
io
adjective
at
Decay /dˈke/ rot or decompose through the
he action of bacteria and
verb fungi.
d
Uninterrupted /ˌʌnntəˈrʌptd/ without a break in continuity.
ntinuity.
un
adjective
Infidel /ˈnfd(ə)l/
Fo
a person who has no religion or who does not believe
noun in One G
God
k
Slumber /ˈslʌmbə/ Sleep

ep
oo
Noun/verb
Gust / ʌst/ a ssudden strong rush of wind.

B
noun
l
Rumble /ˈrʌmb(ə)l/
ʌmb(ə)l/
mb(ə)l/ make a continuous deep, resonant sound.
na
verb
io
Astonish /əˈstɒnʃ/
/əˈst
/əˈstɒ surprise or impress (someone) greatly.
verb
at
Pious /ˈpʌəs/ devoutly religious, Fearing Allah

N
adjective
tive
Conceal /kənˈsiːl/ not allow to be seen; hide.

verb
Task: Work in pairs and help each other in making sentences of the words given in the table above.
For example: The Swat river contains an abundance of trout fish.
50
2- Word Cloud
A Word Cloud is a group of words connected with the theme word.
a-From the word cloud below find and write five qualities you wish you see in your
friends. Also write in a few sentences why you think these are desirable qualities.
on
N
51
3-Word Position – in the dictionary:
Synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly In dictionary you will find the
the same as another word or phrase in the same language letters vb. Or v which shows
these words are verbs. Nouns
and we can also find them in the Thesaurus. will have words n. next to them.
Task: Find synonyms of the following words from a What will be the case if a word
has both v and n in front of it?
dictionary or thesaurus and write them in your notebook:
on
master emperor dynasty preacher calamity
calam
ti
4- Word Types- Homograph & Homophone:
da
Examples of Homograph
A homograph is a word that has the same spelling as anotherherr word
un
but has a different sound and a different meaning:
v lead (to go in front of)/lead (a metal)
v wind (to follow a course that is not straight)/wind
Fo )/wind (a gust
g of air)
v bass (low, deep sound)/bass (a type of fish) sh
A homophone is a word that has the samee sound as a another
k
word but is spelled differently and hass a different

differe meaning:
differen Examples of Homophone
oo
v to/two/too
v there/their/they'r
lB
v pray/prey
Task : Use these examples

les of homophones
mples ho and homographs in
na
sentences to elaborate
ate their meanings.
orate
io
Reading
ding Makes
M Us Wise
at
N
Presence
nce of Islam is appreciated and documented across the world in different
languages. Following is a poem translated from a hundred words eulogy by Hongwu
Emperor in Chinese. He wrote this hundred-word poem (eulogy) praising the Prophet
Muhammad , Allah () and the Islamic faith. A eulogy is a speech or piece of writing
that praises someone or something highly, especially a tribute to someone after
his/her death.
52
HAZRAT MUHAMMAD
Translation from Chinese Language
Since the creation of the universe
on
Allah had already appointed his great faith-
preaching man,
ti
From the West he was born,
da
And received the Holy Scripture
And book made of 30 parts (Juz)
un
To guide all creations,
Master of all rulers,
Leader of the holy ones, Fo
With support from the Heavens,
To protect his nation,
k
With five daily prayers,

oo
Silently praying for peace,

His heart directed towards Allah,ah,
lB
Giving power to the poor,

Saving them from calamity,ity,
y,
na
Seeing through the Unseen,

nseen,
seen,
Pulling the souls andnd the sspirits away from
io
all wrongdoings,
gs,
Mercy to the
he world, Do You Know?
at
Revivingg the anc

ancient religion,
ancie
Majestic
stic path, defeating all evil, This painting of Masjid e Nabwi is by
N
Pakistan's renowned artist Ismail Gulgee

His religion,
gio Pure and True,
gion
(1926-2007). He was awarded Pride of
Muhammad, The Noble Great One. Performance, Sitara-e-Imtiaz (twice) and
Hilal-e-Imtiaz for his extraordinary
contributions in the fields of calligraphy and
painting.
53
Task - Talk About Different Languages:
After reading the story of The People of the Cave and the poem on Hazrat
Muhammad you have come across the names of different languages like Arabic, Greek,
Latin and Chinese. Language is one of the important features of our identity. Today there
are roughly 6500 languages spoken in the world today. Pakistan has a rich and diverse
language culture which is reflected in classrooms where students belongg to different
diff
n
linguistic backgrounds. A few discussion points are given below in thee left box. D
Discuss
io
in your class and write answers in your notebook. Together you
u can also prepare a
t
classroom display with the help of your teachers
da
un
1. How many languages are spoken in Fo Papua
Pa New Guinea, Indonesia and
your class?
2. Do all languages use similar kind of Malaysia
M make up 2% of the Earth's
k
alphabet? land area but 25% of the world's

living languages.
oo
3. Are they written from left to right or

right to left? Can you find any interesting fact
4. What makes them different from about your native language?
B
each other?
l
na
Task - Conducting
g a Debate:
Debat
io
Many linguists
nguists believe
be
b that half of today's living languages will be extinct in the
next one hundred
ndred years.
undred ye We may think of a proposition that a global language should be
at
spoken everyone on this globe, or there may be an opinion that language is an

n by every
N
important part of our identity and every language should be kept alive. In your class,
rtant pa
have a debate
b about the topic or motion:
“We should have one global language”
54
v Consider all arguments and come up with your own opinion.
v After the debate has ended, vote for or against the motion and record how many
voted for one global language and how many voted for many languages.
v What have you learned from this debate?
un
a) Have you heard of any story translated from some other language?
b) How many languages can you identify y in this pi
Fo picture?
c) How many languages do you speak?
k
oo
Language Corner
lB
1-Nouns:
Nouns are the namess off persons,
perso places, or
na
things. There are five

ve main types
ty of nouns:
A proper noun is a name nam that identifies a
io
particular person,
rson, place,
pl or thing, e.g. Ali,
at
Pakistan,, Makkah, Monday. In written English,

proper
er nouns begin
b with capital letters.
N
A common noun is a noun that refers to people

or things in general, e.g. boy, country, bridge, city, birth, day, happiness.
A collective noun refers to groups of people or things, e.g.
audience, family, government, team, jury.
55
A concrete noun is a noun which refers to people and things that exist physically and can
be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted. Examples include dog, building, coffee, tree,
rain, beach, tune.
An abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions - things that
cannot be seen or touched and things which have no physical reality, e.g. truth, danger,
happiness, time, friendship, humour.
on
Task: Underline the proper nouns and encircle the common nounss in the following
fo
paragraph.
ti
da
It was a bright sunny day in Swat valley. Saifullah and Zayn rodeode up the
t hill to have a
view from above. Huffing and puffing the boys got to the top p and sat on the rocks beside
op
un
the trail. They laid their bag packs on the grass and enjoyed
oyed the beautiful view. Both of
njoyed
them belonged to Lahore and were on a family visit. sit. This year they had planned to
Fo
spend vacations in Swat instead of visiting London
don where
wher most of their cousins live.
Task : Enlist the proper and common nouns

ns from the story “The People of the Cave”.
uns
k
oo
2- Plural Nouns:
Nouns can be only one or singular
lar and more
m than one or plural.
B
Language = singular noun,n, just

jus onene language
l
Languages = plural noun,
un,, more than
t one.
l
na
To make plural nouns,uns, we usually add an 's' in the end of the noun:
for example: boy-boys,
boy-boys cousin-cousins etc.
io
But sometimes
mes we change the spelling of the stem noun:
at
for example:
ample: penny
pe – pennies ('y' changes to 'ies' when a consonant precedes
ending
ding letter 'y'); knife – knives ('f' changes to 'ves')
N
Somee nouns
no have irregular plurals:
For example: child—children, woman—women etc
Some nouns (usually some animals and fish), are the same in their singular and
plural forms: for example: deer/deer, sheep/sheep, salmon/salmon, etc
Task : Write plurals of all nouns listed from the story and the poem.
56
3- Adjectives:
Adjectives are words that describe the quantities, qualities or states of being of nouns.
One type of adjectives is called coordinate adjective which is meant to modify the same
noun in the same sentence.
Task : In the following table join nouns given in the first column with the appropriate pair of
coordinate adjectives in the second column to make the appropriate expression:
on
ti
da
Fresh and scented
un
Fo
k
oo
l B
na
io
57
102
4- The Past Tense:
on
ti
Task : Make a list of past forms of all verbs
da
Used in the story The People of the Cave.
un
1- Paragraph Writing: Fo
k
oo
l B
na
io
at
N
Task: Write a short paragraph on “If I lived back in history”
58
2- Problem Solving
Task: Work in pairs and find out words from the given crossword puzzle, horizontally, vertically
and diagonally.
H C H R I S T I A N G H P E W
A E F H K O U T Y B V I D H V
C Z B H T U R K E Y B N C K D
on
N F A R A B I C Z A X D M H A
M C Q R E N G L I S H I N D U
ti
C H I N A W L M V H D E O Q N
da
P U S H T O U G C I N S H E E
V Y Y S H R L T L N M G S W T
un
J E R M J L U K D A C E D R H
F W I U R D U M FoG J N X S T E
R I A S I K H V B I R A N I R
E T D L N R B D H D S Z B K L
k
N F H I K T J C Y P R U S G A
oo
C N K M P J O Q P E R S I A N
H B U D D I S T A J E W Z M D
lB
Hint: There are ten languages,

uages,
ges, six
s ethnicities and six countries in this word puzzle:
na
io
at
Fluency of Expression
Fluenc
N
1- Quotes Collection
Ralph waldo Emerson (1803 – 1882) was a great essayist, thinker and philosopher. He
wrote extensively on human life and its aspects. Following are some of his quotes on
language.
59
“Language is the archives of history.” (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
What does he mean by this?
on
ti
"Thought is a
blossom, language "Languagege is
da
is a bud; action the “Language etry.”
fossil poetry.”
fruit behind it.” is a city to the
un
building of which
every human being
"Nature is a Fo
brought a
language and stone..”
every fact one
larns is a new
k
word”
oo
B
Task : Write these quotes beautifully

tif y to prepare
tifu pr a classroom display.
l
na
Tip: Some calligraphyhy

fonts are shared
ed
here for you to
io
give an idea
at
60
2- Learn idioms for fluent expression:
Here are some idioms related to some religious faiths and links with our daily life. Their
elaborated meanings are given to help you understand their usage. Use them in your
own sentences and write in the boxes given below:
on
01 A blessing in Something awful that
ti
disguise somehow leads to
something wonderful is
da
said to be a blessing in
disguise.
un
02 An act of An event is an act of Allah Fo
Allah if not caused by humans
and cannot be stopped d by
y
humans.
k
oo
03 In seventh The idiom in seventh

venth
heaven heaven meanseans “in a
B
tate of m
blissful state mind or
al situation.”
ideal situa
situ on
l
na
04 Gospel truth Somethi is gospel

Something
Someth
truth if it is believed to
io
b absolutely real and

be
right.
at
05 Sacred ccow A sacred cow is a very

N
special person or thing

that many people do not
want criticized.
61
3-Speech Act – Some basic manners of conversation:
One of the good manners of conversation is that while giving logic of our own point of view we should
always listen carefully to others' point of view. Here is a short speech act to emphasize on this
mannerism. A pair of students can also perform a role play on this speech act.
on
What difference
So!!!!
does it make?
what do you
You never listen
ti
think?
anyway….
da
Student A
Student B
un
I was just When y you make
making conv
conversation ,
conversation
Fo yo
you have to
listen too!
Student A
k
Student B
oo
You do???????
do???
lB
Student
udent A
na
4-Fun Reading:
io
Fun Factss on world's

n world
worl languages
at
vThere are 50,000 characters in the

Chinese language, but you only need to
know 2,000 of them to read a
newspaper.
v In Somali, there are 43 words relating
to camels.
62
05
Ideas, Designs & Architecture
v know how ideas take concrete shapes and become quality designs
v discuss Islamabad as a planned city
v describe the design of Faisal mosque
v use dictionary for synonyms
v identify phrasal verbs
v make sentences from given idioms and meanings
v prepare an album with pictures of buildings forr research
esear of details
rese
resea
esea
v write factual description of school
v show gratitude at school and home
v enhance fluency of expression through
gh quotations,
uot
ot
ot idioms, speech acts
and fun reading
Pre-Reading:
a) Do you have parks, lakes and mountains in your city?
b) what type of buildings are there around your school?
102
Ideas, Designs & Architecture
Our minds are always full of ideas. This amazing gift helps us to
plan, innovate, adjust and maximize our potential. If there is no ground
near our homes and we have to play in the street, we adjust ourselves
by making new rules and define our limits.
on
All inventions in the world are linked to thoughtful minds of
brilliant people. Wherever an idea is developed from scratch, its success cess depends
uccess de
dep upon
ti
the material, shape and design through which it is displayed. ayed. If electricity
layed. e was
da
discovered, it had to be displayed through a bulb. Similarly, rly,, if waves
wave were discovered
for sending messages, then, phones, computers etc had d to be designed
ad d for receiving,
un
storing and sending messages. The most spectacular lar display
cular disp has been that of the
construction of buildings which are designed to display
displa the glory of rulers and their
Fo
builders. A person who designs buildings and n supervises
supe
superv the construction is called an
architect. Selection of a site, type of a building
lding and
ilding an its directions are all very important
k
features. The surroundings are also taken en into account

aken a for developing a fresh design.
oo
Let's take the example of Islamabad

Islamaba which is considered as one of the most
successfully planned city of South-Asia.
uth-Asia The site was chosen in 1959 and the task was
lB
assigned to the internationally nally renowned

onally en names in town planning and architecture
Konstantínos Doxiádes, s, Edward
dward Durell Stone, and Gio Ponti. It was from Shakar Parian,
na
that the land was viewed wed for the planning of the future city. The meaning of the place is
iewed
“the hills of sugar”.
ar”. It is told
to that a saint, Baba Farid Shakrgunj had stayed here for many
tol
io
days during a travel fofor his religious duties.

at
N
Figure Constitution Avenue Islamabad.

Greek Architect Doxiadis with the plan of Islamabad. You can see government buildings surrounded by greenery
64
For the new city, it was decided that the design of buildings
would be a blend of Islamic architecture and modern
patterns. The constitution avenue presents the best of the
examples with buildings like Supreme Court, National
Assembly and Prime Minister’s Secretariat etc. The
beauty of the city is further enhanced with Margalla hills in
the background. The division of the sectors is marked with
o
double roads and green belts where we see trees,
ti
blossoms, flowers and fruits. The long and straight blue area road ad shows
show offices and
da
buildings of different designs. Shopping areas and mini marketskets provide us products of
ts provid
local and foreign markets. There are many picnic spots, play grounds and trails in the
lay grou
un
mountains for walking and cycling. Rawal Lake offers rs water sports
s and lovely green
gardens. These are all the luxuries of a planned town.
n. We need
wn. nee to show our gratitude for
the efforts of thousands of people who planned,
Fo
d, designed
designe and constructed the town for
us.
k
The heart of Islamabad is Faisal Mosque uee with its
it location in the lap of the mountains.
oo
This is the first sight which welcomes anyon entering Islamabad from 8th avenue. The
mess anyone
mosque was designed by a Turkish architect Vedat
mosq
mosqu
lB
Dalokay whose design won an international

Da
competition held in 1969. The look of Faisal
na
mosque is inspired by a Bedouin's tent. Bedouins

are people of the desert and the tribe is known for
io
their culture in Arabia. King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz of

Saudi Arabia made the suggestion and funded the
at
construction as a gift to the people of Pakistan. This

N
design is inspired by the first mosque in Medina

which was in the form of a tent. It has four tall
minarets (90m) influenced by Turkish architecture. The shape of the mosque is eight-
sided shell shaped sloping roofs. It does not have a typical green dome of a mosque for
which it was criticized in the beginning but after its completion, everybody appreciated
its glory and greatness. Faisal mosque is one of the biggest mosques in the world with
ten thousand people offering their prayers at the same time.
65
a. Give the importance of ideas and designs.
b. What do architects do?
c. Name your favourite places in Islamabad.
d. Discuss the importance of Shakr Parian?
on
larities and
e. Contrast Faisal mosque with any other mosque and describe similarities an
differences.
ti
da
Working with Words
un
1- Vocabulary, Diction & Pronunciation
a. Read the words with the help of phonetic script
Foipt and practice
pr in the class. Also learn
spellings and meanings.
Words Phonetic Meaning

Mean
Transcription
k
Innovate
oo
/ˈnəvet/ make changes in something established,

mak
ma
Verb eespecially by introducing new ideas.
Maximize
B
/ˈmæksmaz/
s az/ make as large or great as possible.
Verb
l
potential /pəˈtenʃl/
pəˈtenʃl/ qualities or abilities that may be
na
Adjective/Noun developed and lead to future success

spectacular /spekˈtækjələ(r)/ beautiful in a dramatic and eye-catching
/sp
/s
io
way.
at
architect
ct /ˈɑːktekt/ a person who designs buildings and
Nounn supervises construction.
N
blossoms
ms /ˈblɒsəm/ a flower or a mass of flowers, especially
Noun on a tree or bush.
luxuries /ˈlʌkʃəri/ an inessential, desirable item which is
Noun expensive or difficult to obtain.
Gratitude /ˈɡrættjuːd/ the quality of being thankful; readiness to
noun show appreciation and to return kindness.
66
2- Word Cloud
A Word Cloud is a group of words connected with theme word. How many words do
you recognize from the two designs below? Taking help from these words write five
sentences on each topic .
d
un
Reading Makes Us Wise
Minar-E-Pakistan: A Symbol of Freedom

om
Fo
rd
We all celebrate Pakistan Day on 23 March
Ma because of the history written in
k
1940. It was due to the historic session on of the

ssion tth All-India Muslim League under the
oo
chairmanship of Quaid-i-Azam Mohammadhammad Ali Jinnah that the official call to make a
separate homeland for the Muslims of o the sub-continent was given. In order to
lB
remember the importance of thetthe day,

day a very elegant structure called, Minar-e-Pakistan
al Park, Lahore.
was constructed in Iqbal L The work began in 1960 and was completed in
na
eight years.
The designgn of Minar-e-Pakistan
Minar
Mina is a mix of Islamic, Mughal
io
and contemporary
orary architecture
mporary ar which was the brainchild of
at
Murat Khan, Russian born Pakistani architect. The base of the

han, a Rus
historic memorial has four levels. It is raised approximately 8
ric memo
N
meters from
fro the ground and is constructed exactly where the
stage was set in 1940. These levels are covered in different
varieties of rough stone surfaces while the final platform is in
polished marble, signifying the struggle of the Pakistan Architect Murat Khan
movement which lead to a polished gem of an independent state. The final level is a 5-
point star shape, encircled in a crescent and transforms into unfolding flower petals.
67
The first platform of the building was constructed with uncut Taxila stones and
signifies the start of freedom struggle. For second, third and fourth rostrums, the
structures are made of hammer-dressed stones, chiseled stones and finally the
polished marble, showing the success of the movement which came out from
roughness.
1 - Uncut slate-stone 4 Rostrums 4 - Polished

d Marble S
Stone
n
io
2 - Hammer Dressed Stone 3 - Chiseted Stone
t
da
un
The
he total height of the tower rises to
Fo 70 meters and represents
aspirations
a
as of the Muslims of the
sub-continent. We need to look high
k
and maintain the gift of freedom for

generations to come as it was
handed to us by our forefathers.
It becomes very interesting to
study buildings because they
represent ideas linked to designs
and architecture. The home you live
in is also made in a similar manner.
You may ask questions from your
parents to find out the reason
behind its location, design and
architecture. You may also suggest
some addition to your home.
68
Language Corner:
Prepositional Phrases
A prepositional phrase is a series of words made up of a preposition and its object.
It functions as an adjective or adverb.
n
vAccording to the weather forecast / Around the world / Across many y deserts /
io
vAfter many tries / Before we start the class / By the light of the moon/
on/ Near the ocean
oon/
/ To the park / Through the looking glass
t
da
Phrases as Adjectives Phrases
es as Adverbs
A
un
v The present inside the big box is mine. v Put the flowers upon a high shelf.
e fresh flo
v The extra blankets are under the bed. v We will ord
order pizza during halftime.
orde
v Tell me the story about the dragon.
Fo
v I love to take my jeep off the road.
Task: Select six prepostional phrases as adjective

ective and
a d adverb from the text of the unit
k
Passive Voice: 4 Simple Steps: Passive

ivee voice is
i used to emphasize the action. The agent
oo
(the one doing something) is less important.

rtant. Given
portant. Gi
G below are four steps to help you find
the difference between active voicee and pas
passive voice
pass
B
1- Recognizing the Active Structure

u ure
Only an active voice sentence
ence with
w a direct object can be made passive.
l
Example: Margalla hills

lls enhance
enha the beauty of islamabad
na
2- Make the Object the Subject

Subje
The passive includes
cludes two
tw major changes,
io
a)object becomes
omes subject
s & vice versa b) addition of “by”.
at
Example: The beauty

be of islamabad is enhanced by Margalla hills
3- Changing
hangin the Verb
N
We usee the
th correct form of “be” and the past participle of the original active verb.
Example: We ate lunch / The lunch was eaten.
4- When to Use the Passive

Using the passive is actually more logical, When the noun performing the action is
not important or not known.
Example: I have written a book / A book was written.
69
Task: Five sentences are given below. Find out if these are active or passive.
i. The ball hit Ali. Read me
ii. The letter was written by him. Take help from the four
iii. The mail was carried by the mailman. steps already given for
iv. Sana took a picture. making passive voice on the
previous page.
v. The window was broken.
on
ti
Creative Writing
da
1- Information Report: An information report provides readers
aders with
w information on a
wi
chosen topic by providing them with facts. Read some
me of the important
im features for
un
writing a report.
v Present Tense: Fo
Information reports are mostly written in the present nt tense.
ten This is because the information
presented on the topic will generally be based d on factual
fa l texts.
v Subject Specific Vocabulary:
k
Depending on the topic of the text, vocabulary ary specific

spe to the subject will normally be used. For
oo
example, if the text is providing information

rmation on buildings, it will likely utilize related words
and phrases such as, 'site', 'location',
ion', 'architect',
'archit 'design' etc.
lB
v Use of Nouns: (Specific to General)

G eral)
It is important for students to rea
realize that they should use general nouns when writing on
their topic. The informationon included
includ in their text should be information that is true generally
na
and this should be reflected

flected in the use of the generic noun classifying it, for example: The
school buildings are
re funded by the government.
io
Passive Voice:
Information reports are an example of formal non-fiction writing. Here, the passive voice is
at
used too keep the attention

a firmly on the object. It has to draw the attention away from the
doer
er or speaker.
speake
N
Task: Write
rit a Factual description of about 100 words on your school. Some questions are
given below to help you :
i. when was the school constructed?
ii. From where was the funding received?
iii. Who has designed the school?
iv. Would you like to suggest an addition like construction of a hall, gym or
playground and why?
70
2- Problem Solving - Showing Gratitude in the Classroom and at home:
Words of appreciation can be used when you feel gratitude towards someone.
This could include thanking someone for a gift, a favor, or just being a good friend. Your
words of thanks don't have to be long and fancy as long as they are heartfelt, as you'll
see in these examples of words of appreciation.
n
i. make a list of at least 05 things you are grateful for
io
ii. Write the names of 05 people you want to say "thank you" to and why??
hy??
at
Some expressions of gratitude are given below to help.
p.
d
un
Common Words of Words of Appreciation for Words of Appreciation for
Appreciation Gifts Help & Support
? Thank you.
Fo
? Your gift means a lot
ot to ? We must thank you for
me. your support at this time.
? I appreciate you. ? Thanks for being
ng so ? I want to thank you for all
k
thoughtful.
ul. the support and concern.
oo
? I am grateful. ? You made

ade my birthday
bi a ? You helped me right when
special
cial day. I needed it most.
l B
na
"Once we accept our

pressi “ limits, we go beyond
them." “
io
Albert Einstein
llectio - Prepositional Phrases
1- Quotes Collection
at
“Don't wa
walk behind “We keep moving
N
me; I may
m not lead. forward, opening new
“There has to be
Don't
on walk in front doors, and doing new
of me; I may not
evil so that good things, because we're
follow. Just walk can prove its curious and curiosity
beside me and be my purity above it.” keeps leading us
friend." down new paths.”
Albert Camus Buddha Walt Disney
71
2.Learn Idioms for fluent expression
Idioms use creative descriptions to share an idea or feeling. Use the given idioms in
your own sentences to elaborate their meanings.
S.No Idioms Meaning sentences
01 Start from scratch to start from the scrat

I started the game from scratch
very beginning
on
02 Fresh start To begin again
ti
03 A flying start Very successful
da
04 Start with a clean slate Forget the past and
un
begin again
05 A false start Begin before the

Fo
announcement
06 Jolt to a start Start andd stop

k
something
thing
ing
oo
07 Kick-start Start
rt the engine
en
B
Task: Look at the given picture

re and guess
g es the idioms. Write in the boxes below.
al
72
3- Speech Act - Talking about buildings
Look at the How beautiful!
monument! it I’ve visited the
is near zero point place many times
on
ti
Pakistan Monument at Shakar Parian and architect Arif Masoud. The design
of this monument is also very symbolic This is
da
And what PINSTECH, Nilore.
about the I call it the pride of
other picture?
cture?? Pakistan.
un
Fo
k
E.D. Stone is the architect of PINSTECH. He is also the

oo
architect of the presidency.
4- Fun Reading:
lB
Q: What did one wall say

ay to the
th other wall?
na
A: I'll meet you at thee corner!

corner
io
at
N
73
06
The Sweating Earth
After reading this unit, the students will be able to:
v explain the phenomenon of global warming and climate change

ngge
nge
ge
v list their responsibilities towards nature
v read and analyse news article and new stories
v infer the intention and feeling underlying the autobiography
iograp
g ph
graph
grap
v collect information and analyse it for further action
tion
ion
on
n
v learn to use anagrams and articles in their writing
v enhance fluency of expression through quotations, idioms, speech acts
and fun reading
Pre Reading:
a) Why do you think Earth is unhappy today?
b) How are we harming Earth with our actions?
c) What do you think about the future of life on Earth?
The Sweating Earth
Throughout the 4.5 billion years of my age I have been continuously growing.
My journey from nothingness to everything and darkness to brightness has been
interesting as well as depressing. There were some very difficult times in my y life which
w
on
I never thought I would survive at all, but I did. I remember passing through times ttim of
extreme temperatures that ranged from blazing hot to freezing cold. d. I have witnessed
ld. w
ti
life growing from a tiny cell to giant creatures.
da
There came happy times for me as I witnessed life fe growing in my oceans, in
the mountains and on the land. Beautiful forms of life emerged merged and made me their
un
home. I was cultivated to give them food from my soill and nd water.
wate My lush green planes,
shady thick forests, and sparkling blue water are not only fu full of food to survive but also
Fo
a feast to the human eyes. I enjoyed pleasant breeze
reeze full
ful of flowers' scent and pleasing
sounds of chirping birds. I giggled with joy y whenever
whe eve a toddler ran after a butterfly or
wh
smiled at kittens playing in the shining ingg sunlight.
sunlig This joyous time is to become a
ok
treasured memory very soon if no onee bothers

b th for me.
bothe
75
I am home to man and give him all forms of life to dwell and prosper. He is
working and developing tirelessly to make his life luxurious without giving a thought to
my future. My enormous natural resources are being dug out to increase the wealth of a
few. Centuries old reservoirs of fossil fuels like coal and oil are being burnt to run the
ever increasing number of industries. My forests are being cut down to clear more
spaces for dwellings and has made many species of animals and birds living ng in these
ving
on
forests extinct. Man does not realise that the unchecked cutting down off trees h has not
only deprived those species of their home but the oxygen bank necessary sary for human
ssary h life
ti
is also depleting. There are unlimited species of life which were my y friends
friend but they are
da
not with me today.
I appreciate that the humankind is very innovative tivee and smart
s and tirelessly
un
works to make advancements in the field of technology. y. Sky scrappers
logy. s and the ever
growing industry are some examples of this development. lopment.
pment. But I fear that man has not
estimated the amount of harmful gases which
Fo h are emitting
em
emi from the industries and
their effects on life on Earth in general. Such ch developments
d velop
velo have led to pollution of all
kinds where air, water and land are equally ly disturbed.
distu My waters are full of man-made
garbage and life in water is choking with death.dea I miss my fresh breeze because today
air is full of unpleasant odours and harmful
harm gases emitted from industries. I feel sorry
for my soil for it has to deal with
th large
larg amounts of plastics and other types of garbage
which cannot be processed natunaturally.
l
Now I am becomingg warm
warmer day by day and I fear that soon more and more water
will be evaporated and d my friends
fr living in water will be losing their homes. My glaciers
have already started
tarted melting
m and my beautiful friends living in polar regions are
worried aboutt their homes. Melting ice will not only deprive animals and plants of their
homes on the two poles, but will also raise water levels in oceans, eventually human life
aroundnd oceans
ocean will be destroyed. My climate is rapidly changing and weather
conditions ns of many countries are becoming hostile for people living in them. Floods,
drought, acid rains, bush fires, and earthquakes are some of the natural calamities
resulting from man-made hazards. I am not used to living in the temperature I am
facing now and I fear that it will increase in coming years. Life will be in real danger, and
I can just hope that the humankind thinks think about it now or there will be no time
left to act.
76
A Fact File on Climate Change
1- According to a study most low-lying atoll islands are likely to become uninhabitable
st
by the middle of the 21 century. Scientists predict that as sea levels rise, thousands
of islands will be afflicted by frequent flooding, lack of freshwater and damage to
infrastructure.
on
Maldives is comprised of about 1200 low-lying
islands and atolls located in the Indian Ocean where
ti
about 200 islands are inhabited. Climate change is
da
severely threatening the very existence of Maldives.
More than 80 percent of the country's land is
un
composed of coral islands which rise less than one
metre above sea level. At present Maldives is at high
gh
Fo
risk of being submerged due to rising sea levels.
s.
2- Both North pole (Arctic region) and d South pole

p (Antarctica) are badly affected by
k
changing temperatures of the Earth. th. Here most

m rapid effects of global warming are
oo
seen such as depleting ice caps and

nd glaciers.
glacier
glacie
B
al
On the South Pole penguins are losing On the North Pole polar bears
their are in danger due to melting ice
77
This rapid change in temperature at the poles has
“We need to change course if
both local and global implications. This causes
we want to stop further
significant rise in sea level, changes in the salinity of habitat loss and ensure
oceans, and decline in the number of endangered resilient wildlife populations,
species like polar bears in Artic and penguin in both in the Arctic and around
Antarctica. Scientists have warned that time is the world.”
on
Margaret Williams
running out for the world's leaders to respond to
Managing Director,
tor, WWF's Arctic
A
climate change and immediate steps should be taken Program
ti
to preserve life in its best conditions on the Earth.
da
un
a. What are fossil fuels and how are they being used?
Fo
b. What were the happy times for the planet Earth?
c. Is man a good planner? Do you agree orr not?
not Give
no Giv three reasons to support your
k
answer
d. What will happen if water level rises
ses in the
t oceans?
th
oo
tempe
temp
e. What are the adverse effects of temperature rise on North and South poles?
f. Why do you think the Earth h is sweating
swea
swe in the picture above? Explain briefly.
l B
na
Working with
h Words
Word
1- Vocabulary,
y, Diction & Pronunciation
io
Read the words

ords aloud
alo with the help of phonetic transcription.
at
Also learn
earn thei spellings and meaning.
arn their
N
Words/s/ Phonetic Meaning

Classification Transcription
creature /ˈkriːtʃə/ an animal, as distinct from a human being.

noun
cultivate /ˈkʌltvet/ prepare and use (land) for crops or gardening

verb
78
enormous /ˈnɔːməs/ very large in size, quantity, or extent.
adjective
dwellings /ˈdwɛlŋ/ a house, flat, or other place of residence.

noun
luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊərəs/ extremely comfortable or elegant, especially

ly when
wh
adjective involving great expense.
on
Deprive /dˈprʌv/ prevent (a person or place) from having or using
u
ti
Verb something.
da
calamity /kəˈlamti/ an event causing great and
nd often sudden
su
sud damage or
noun distress; a disaster.
un
Deplete /dˈpliːt/ use up the supply
ply or resources
resou of.
verb Fo
Task: Work in pairs and make sentences of the
th words
wo
word given in the table above. For
example: Most of the natural resourcess are
re depleting
depl very fast.
k
oo
2-Word Cloud:
A Word Cloud is a group of words
rds connected
conne with the theme words. How many words
B
do you recognize from the word

wo cloud
wor clou below? Taking help from these words write five
sentences on the topic of climate change on Earth.
al
79
3-Word Type- Antonyms
Antonyms are words that have contrasting, or opposite meanings. They are opposite of
synonyms and we can find them in Thesaurus. This unit has four pairs of antonyms in
the opening paragraph. Can you identify them? Give a careful reading to the first two
paragraphs of this unit and list pairs of antonyms in your notebook.
Tip: First pair of antonyms is in the second line of first paragraph of this unit.
t.
on
4-Word Type- Anagram
ti
Anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters
etters
tters of a different word
da
y once. An anagram is a play
or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly
here
ere they can end in hilarious
on words and examples can be fun and witty where
un
results.
Fo
k
oo
l B
rdss below,
Task: For all given words below find their anagrams from the box given below and see
na
if you can find moree than

han one.
io
Words Anagrams Words Anagrams

at
Silent
nt Save
Forty-five Night
N
Funeral
Fune
Funer Bored
Rail safety School master
Stressed The eyes
Solutions:
Over five, they see, thing, listen, the classroom, real fun, vase, robed, dessert, fairy tales
80
Reading Makes Us Wise
News story and news article are interesting writing techniques which are used to
report both in newspapers and on websites. They answer the questions with who, what,
when, where, and why. The structure of a news story or article is like an inverted pyramid.
p
The most important information first, then all other information in descending ng order of
nding
on
importance. Following are two news items; the first one is a news ws article from a
newspaper and the second one is a news article from a website. Read d carefully and do the
ti
assignments given at the end of both.
da
1- Plastic: A Devil in Disguise by Benazir Razz Soomro
oomro
un
few little steps
eps in abandoning
aba the habit of using
plasticc in
n 'any form'
form from now on.
for
Fo
There
ere is no doubt
cheap
d that plastic products are
heap aand are more convenient than glass and
metal
m l as
me a they don't break easily or can be
discarded
disc without giving much thought.
k
However,
H its convenience has made it a devil in
oo
disguise. There is no denying that plastic is all

around us, we carry things in shopping bag,
lB
use kitchen containers, utensils, drink in

I am writing this with immense
ense
nse grief
gr
g eff that no plastic bottles, buy plastic wrapped
matter how much we speak eakk and write
w about vegetables, fruits, meat, juice, straws, plates,
na
the hazards of using g plastics in any form, the grocery and various other material
nobody seriously y pays attention
atte or takes covered in plastic... this is just the kitchen-
io
ucing
cing the use
any step in reducing u of it. related items that I pointed out, I haven't
rticle with
I begin this article w the hope that the moved to any other part of the house till now ...
at
younger generation will somehow think about imagine the magnitude of this plastic endemic.
the dangers
ngers of plastic
pl seriously and will take a However, if not all, a lot of it can easily be
N
81
replaced with environmentally-safe material The problem doesn't lie on the beach alone; it
like cloth, metals and glass products. lies deep down in the sea. A recent research
Earth, Environment and Plastic: conducted in the Western North Pacific Ocean,
You may have seen garbage burning in the over 10,000 metres down states that
open air, the garbage is usually full of plastic “One single water bottle will remain on the
bags and discarded material. When plastic is planet in some form for a minimum of 450
burnt in open air, it releases dangerous years.”
chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, sulphur Plastic waste kills up to a million on seabirds
illion seab a
on
dioxide, dioxins, furans etc. All of these year. Most of these birds and nd marine animals,
emissions are known to cause respiratory such as different species es of whales,
cies wh other
ti
ailments and stress to the human immune fishes, sea turtles, etc.,
c., mistake plastic
p bags for
da
system and they're potentially carcinogenic their food and ingest gest them.
ngest them As a result, the
(cancer-causing). plastic material iall takes up room in their
stomachs, causing
using severe
sev
se pain and starving
un
them to deathath and, if
i not this than most of them
get entangled
ngled in discarded material like plastic
ntangled
Fo
nets,
ts, plastic bags,
b containers.
Another
Ano alarming highlight from the same
k
research
res says: “Plastics are ubiquitous even at
oo
depths of over 6,000 metres and 92 per cent

[is] single-use products.”
Remember not all types of plastic are
lB
Marine life: recyclable as they are made in different ways.

A view to the beach is no more
ore satisfying
sati
sat but
disgusting, as you see rubbish
bbish — including
na
Published in Dawn, Young World, April

empty cans, bottles, straws,
raws, plates
pl and what
13th, 2019
not — lying on thehe shoreline,
shor
shore many even
io
washing away with the waves.

wa
at
Completete news article

ar is available on
https://www.dawn.com/news/1475616/plastic-the-devil-in-disguise.
://www.
N
Task:
After reading the article above, answer the following questions in your notebooks:
a- Write down the number of ways in which plastic is used in kitchen items?
b- How does plastic affect the environment and marine life?
c- Why should we avoid the use of plastic?
d- What can we use in place of plastic?
82
FASCINATING FACTS ABOUT THE MARKHOR
(NATIONAL ANIMAL OF PAKISTAN)
Over the last 8 years of running Green bleak. Trophy hunters wanted the markhor's
Global Travel, there's been an unfortunate long, spiraling horns for their display case. Locals
amount of bad news to report for nature and wanted the 200-pound animal's meat for food.
wildlife. But the comeback of the markhor– the Some traditional Chinese medicinem
National Animal of Pakistan– from the brink of practitioners sought out the animal mal for
fo its
on
extinction has been one of the world's great (but purported healing powers. With h man's steady
little known) conservation success stories. encroachment, the markhor or was also
als fighting
When we first wrote about this domestic livestock for food.
ti
impressively horned wild goat in 2011, the Conservation initiatives
itiatives from wildlife
da
population in its native range (which includes NGOs like Save Ourr Species and WCS Pakistan
mountainous regions of Afghanistan, India, and were put into place. e. Once
Onc completely legal in
Pakistan) had shrunk to around 2,500 Pakistan, markhorhor hunting
hunti licenses were limited
un
individuals. to just 12 per year.
Back then, the situation for the Thanks
hanks to these changes, the majestic
endangered species was looking incredibly mammals
mmals gradually
gradu began to rebound. Over the
Fo
course
urse of a decade,
d their population grew by an
incredible
redib 20%.
In 2015, the International Union for the
k
Conservation
Con of Nature removed the markhor
from
f its ‘Endangered’ species list and
oo
downgraded it to ‘Near Threatened’.

For complete story you can access the blog at:
https://greenglobaltravel.com/endangered-
species-spotlight-markhor/
l
na
Task: The majestic markhor has just survived from the threat of extinction. Write
the reasons of its
ts unchecked
uncheck hunting by the predators in the following blocks.
unchec
io
Reaso
Reason
at
Trophy
y
Hunters
ers
N
Reason
Natives/
Locals
Chineses Reason
Medicine
makers
83
Language Corner
1-The Definite and Indefinite Articles:

The definite article = 'the' is used for both singular and plural nouns in
n specific
cases when nouns refer to things or individuals which the reader or listener
ner knows
stener k
kn
on
something about. For example: The cat was very hungry and therefore
fore was moving
efore
ti
impatiently. Here the reader or listener knows which particular
cular cat
rticular c is being
da
referred to.
The indefinite article = 'a' is used before a singular noun
n beginning
beginnin with a consonant
un
and 'an' is used before a singular noun beginning with
h a vowell in generic cases where
the reader or listener knows nothing. In case off plural noun, no article is used.
Fo
For example: A cat was sleeping peacefully underr the shade.
shad Cats were sleeping peacefully
under the shade.
k
oo
Task : Fill in the blanks with appropriate

opriate use of a, an or the.
propriate
lB
1- _______ new girl has started

te at school
ted sch today. We didn't know but as we worked in
groups, we found herr _________
________ eager learner.
na
2- This is ____________ parrot

arrot I was
w referring to when we met yesterday.
3- Hasan is nott able to come
cco with us to ___________ basketball court as he is suffering from
io
_____________flu.
_____flu.
___flu.
at
4- My mother doesn't
d usually eat __________ ice cream but this looks delicious. Therefor,
N
she decided
dec
decid to try __________ praline flavour.
5- He was crossing the road carefully when _______ high speeding car hit him. Driver of
________ car stopped and took him to _________ hospital.
84
2-Direct and Indirect Speech:
We use direct speech when we repeat someone's words and indirect speech when we
use our own words to report what someone says.
For example: Direct speech: 'I like football,' Abdullah said.
Indirect speech: Abdullah said that he liked football.
In direct speech the reported words are inside quotation (speech) marks, and followed
nd foll
on
by a saying word. The most common saying word is said but there are
re many more.
m If
saying word comes before reported speech, it has a comma after
err it and before
b the
ti
speech marks. Appropriate use of punctuation is necessary communicate true
y to comm
da
meaning of the reported speech.
un
Task : Punctuate the following paragraph accordingg to
o the rules
ru of direct speech.
Fo
It was a thrilling start to the evening As people streamed into the stadium many voices
could be heard above the crowd Please keep me a seat yelled Sara Of course I will shouted
Kareem from across the stadium Your ticket ket has your seat number on it so if you make
k
your way over here you will find your seat nexnext to mine OK that is great. See you now
oo
shouted Sara
lB
Creative Writing
g
na
After reading
ng texts given
gi
g in previous pages it becomes clear that climate
io
change is a consequence
nsequen of some human made actions. This relationship of event is
nsequenc
called “cause and effect” relationship. A cause and effect essay is a type of essay
at
that is written o
or edited with an objective of explaining why things happen (causes)
N
and what are the consequences (effects).

Task: With
it the help of your teacher write a short cause and effect essay on the
following topic:
Impact of human activities on climate change on Earth
Tip: First, collect the information on climate change and think

about the possible causes which might lead to these changes
85
Task - Group Work:
Do you or anyone in your family listen to daily or weekly weather forecast to plan
the day? Weather forecasting has become more accurate due to technological
advancement. Almost every digital machine such as laptops, tablets or smart mobile
phones have special weather applications installed in them to provide accurate
weather forecasts. Work in small groups of 3-4 and design forecast for each ch weather
we
on
icon given in the table below:
ti
da
un
Fo
k
oo
lB
na
io
at
Fluency o
of expression
N
Collect at least five quotes on nature and write them in your notebook. You may collect
picture quotes from the internet with the help of your teacher. A few examples are given
below:
86
o
ti
2- Learn Idioms for fluent expression
da
Idioms use creative descriptions to share an idea or feeling.
eling. Here
H are some idioms
un
related to animals along with their meanings. Usee them in your own sentences to
elaborate their meaning
Fo
k
01 Busy like a bee A person who

ho has
as a lot
lo Whenever I call her, she is always
oo
work to do busy like a bee.

B
Butterflies in When one

o is really nervous
02
l
stomach about something

sso
na
io
Go on a wild To do something
03 goose
see chase pointless
at
N
04 Hold your To wait a moment

horses
h
ho
05 Black sheep A member of family or group

who is regarded as a disgrace
to it
87
3- Speech Act - Talking about Earth and Climate Change:
Here is a short speech act to emphasize our responsibilities towards this Earth and
prevent hazards of climate change.
With increasing I beg to differ here,
on
number of sky because the cost of this
scrapers and industries development is natural al
the world is more beauty which Earth th
ti
beautiful now! is losing rapidly
ly
da
un
Fo
I can't agree more to this extent.
ent.
We should plan better to conserve
con
natural beauty
y and
k
resources of the Earth.

he Earth
oo
lB
na
io
4- Fun Reading:
ding:
ng:
at
N
Q: Why
hy are fish
f so smart?
A: Because they live in schools!
88
About the Authors
Dr Samina Nadeem
With a mosaic of vast experience in genres of English literature and language
in both the fields of teaching and training, Dr. Samina Nadeem has been
providing services in education from school to university level for thehe last
las
four decades. Her Master's degree in English Language Teachingg (ELT) fromfro
Warwick University, UK has lent her competence to tackle linguistic
nguistic issues
i
and resolve them amicably. Her Ph.D. degree has blended ed in the research
elements to her experiences thus enabling her to create materials
material which keep
interest among the students with psycho and socio linguistic
nguistic cover. She has a
rich experience of writing and editing English books
oks and preparing materials
for students of different levels.
Mrs. Saadia Adnan

Being a self-motivated and progressive
progress professional, Mrs Saadia Adnan has a
montage of portfolios andnd qualifications
qual across her professional journey.
Started off as Masterss in English Linguistic and Literature from National
University of Modern
rn Language
Lang (NUML) in flying colours, her recent degree is
MPhil in Education Leadership and Management from Flinders University,
ion Le
Adelaide Australia. She
S began her career as an English language teacher, then
became a schoo
school Principal and these days working as Director Training &
Coordination
ordinatio in Federal Directorate of Education. Throughout her career she
has also been rendering services as Master Trainer for English Language
Development
vel and English Language Teaching; and has conducted more than
hundred teachers training workshops.

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01-Clean & 1- Ethics and Values 1-Vocabulary, Diction & Poem:

03. Little Frog 1- Peaceful Co-existence 1-Vocabulary,

04-The People Religion and

religions and desirable qualities

05. Ideas, 1-Self, people 1-Vocabulary, Diction & Minar e Pakistan

1-Exclamation Mark! 1-Commitments 1-Quotes Collection on

3-Semantic Map of “Can”, ng Patien

1-Nouns 1-Paragraph writing: 1-Quotes Collection

paragraph 3-Speech Acts-some

1-Prepositional PhrasesAs 1-Information Report on a 1-Quotes collection

06. The 1.Environmental education 1-Vocabulary, diction and 1-Reflective Text:

members of a society 3-Word Type-Onomatopoeia

09. Expressions 1- Role models

nnectin 1.Roles and respect of

1-Definite and Indefinite 1-Essay writing 1-Quotes Collection

3- Simile-A revision ----

1-Translation in Urdu from English 1- Calligraphy practice 1-Quotes Collection

2-Usage – Pronoun 2-Writing an Acrostic 2-Idiomatic

it is called a campaign. n. And in order

Student C: Sir, it's just likee home

the b betterment of the country.

By doing this, we can stay ay healthy.

green country in n the

Teacher: Wonderful! ul!! By your

outside and start our project “Clean and Green Pakistan”

(They all leave the class)

Words (part Phonetic Meaning

noun achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim

adjective schools and universities

l LEG, LITTLE t TEA, GETTING

Single Sounds Dou

ʌ CUP, LUCK i: SEE HEAT e SAY, EIGHT

æ CAT, BLACK oʊ GO, HOME

ɒ HOT, ROCK ʊə PURE, TOURIST

Clean Adjective clean bowled clean water

Some examples of compound

3. Exclamation: (!) It is used to put emotions in the tone. Some

I can make my country

Exclamatory Sentences Containing "So:”

Exclamatory Sentences Containing

2-Modal Verb “Can”:

We can stay with our uncle when we are in Peshawar. permission

Open Compound words Closed compound words Hyphenated words

list given below. Present it in the classs with

2- Art of writing Poetry:

some rules which need

i. Begin with an idea

Flyers have long been considered a great way to get your

Note: A sample flyer is given to assistt you

Quotes aree form of direct

Commitment is defined as a willingness to give your time and energy to something

give to understand the meaning. Learn n and

S.No Idioms Mea

04 Get your head above

05 Bury one's head in the ignore something

06 Drum something into repeat over and over until

1. Can you please take

3. Come on, he's a Are you sure? Let me

Q: What has hands but can't

v identify different ways of healthy living.

a) What does this quote mean to you?

ɒ HOT, ROCK ʊə PURE, TOURIST