1. Aim: To determine the resistivity of semiconductors by Four probe Method.

2. Formula Used:

3. Observation table:
Temperature(K) Voltage(mV) ρo (Ωcm) ρ(Ωcm)

298 58.16 36.52448 6.2011

308 54.81 34.42068 5.843919
318 51.85 32.5618 5.528319
328 49.22 30.91016 5.247905
338 46.86 29.42808 4.996278
348 44.75 28.103 4.771307
358 42.84 26.90352 4.56766
368 41.1 25.8108 4.382139
378 39.53 24.82484 4.214744
388 38.09 23.92052 4.061209
398 36.77 23.09156 3.920469
408 35.56 22.33168 3.791457
418 34.44 21.62832 3.672041

4. Calculation:
Resistivity can be calculated by using the equation given below.
Here we take,
Distance between the probes, S as 0.2cm and
Thickness of the sample, w as 0.05cm.
w
From standard table f ( S ) = 5.89

at T = 298 K,

V 58.16
ρ0 = × 2 πS= 2 × π ×0.2=36.52448Ω cm
I 2

ρo 36.52448
ρ= = =6.2011 Ω cm
5.89
f ( wS )

Similarly, we calculate ρ for different readings of Voltage (V) with the change in
Temperature (T).

5. Result:

The Resistivity of the given semiconductor (Germanium) at 298K temperature by

Four probe Method = 6.2011 Ω cm

6. Graph:
7. Snapshot of experiment with email id clearly visible: