To preserve the integrity of the semiconductors, all Figure 3.

106 - AC current waveform when the power supplied is equal to

converters limit the instantaneous value of the current, the maximum value and with a bolted short circuit

3 Fault analysis
which is usually set at a higher value than the value given 2.5
by (3.14). 2
1.41 Iconvmax
As a consequence, as the grid voltage falls below the
1.5
prescribed minimum values, the current passes first from
a sinusoidal to a trapezoidal shape, then to a squared 1

one as shown in Figures. 3.104-3.105-3.106. 0.5

10 ms 20 ms
0
Figure 3.104 – AC current waveform when the power supplied is equal to
the maximum value and V1 > 85% V1n -0.5

-1
2.5
-1.5
2
1.41 Iconvmax
-2
1.5
-2.5
1

0.5
10 ms 20 ms
0 Hence, in case of an AC short circuit, the converter sup-
-0.5 plies a current of 50%-100% more than the rated value.
-1 Considering the FEC used in this study, the maximum
current supplied during an AC short circuit is:
-1.5

-2 = =1.7 ∙ = 1.7 ∙ 144 = 245 [3.15]

-2.5
This consideration does not take into account of the
Figure 3.105 - AC current waveform when the power supplied is equal to presence of capacitors possibly installed on the converter
the maximum value and V1 < 85% V1n
AC side: such capacitors would increase the short circuit
2.5
current peak due to their discharge.
2
1.41 Iconvmax Besides, in the particular case of n-converters installed in
1.5 parallel, if an AC side short-circuit occurred on the paral-
1
leling bar, the fault current would be about n-times the
value of in (3.14) and consequently the protective device
0.5
10 ms 20 ms should have an adequate breaking capacity.
0

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5

Faults in LVDC microgrids with front-end converters 43