Technical Application Papers

3.2.1.3 High fault resistance Rg with ESS Figure 3.75 – Trend of Iconvdc2 during a ground fault on DC side in systems
with the neutral point of the MV/LV transformer grounded with ESS and Rg
3 Fault analysis

(S1=OFF, S2=ON) = 50 Ω
50
For high values of Rg (e.g. Rg = 50 Ω), direction of DC
components of Iconvdc1 (Figure 3.74) and Iconvdc2 (Figure
0
3.75) is outwards for the upper terminal and inwards for 50

the lower terminal of the converter. -50

0

This means there is no reclosing path for any possible -50

contribution to fault by the storage system, which then

Iconvdc1 [A]
-100 -100
feeds only the load, while the converter feeds both the
-150
load and the fault. -150
-200
Indeed the DC component of Iconvdc1, equal to 108 A, is 0.6 0.6002 0.6004 0.6006 0.6008 0.601
the sum of the DC components of: -200

1= =− 2 + = − ( − 100) + 8 = 108 [3.8] -250

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
t [s]
While the DC component of Iconvdc2 is only equal to the
load current FEC contribution.
Load current includes contributions by the storage sys- Ig (Figure 3.76) has the same amplitude and frequency as
tem and by the FEC. it would have without the ESS (Figure 3.54): this shows
With reference directions as in Figure 2.2: that for high values of Rg the ESS does not feed a ground
fault. The DC component of Ig is:
800
= = 7.1
= 113 [3.9]
= 1 + 2 = 108 + ( − 100) = 8 [3.11]

= − + 1 =− 2+ 1 = −( − 100) +13 = 113 [3.10] where the value of the DC component of Iconvdc2 is nega-
tive, as shown in Figure 3.75

Figure 3.74 – Trend of Iconvdc1 during a ground fault on DC side in systems Figure 3.76 – Trend of Ig during a ground fault on DC side in systems with
with the neutral point of the MV/LV transformer grounded with ESS and Rg the neutral point of the MV/LV transformer grounded with ESS and
= 50 Ω Rg = 50 Ω
16
250
14

200 12

10
150 250 8
Ig [A]
Iconvdc1 [A]

200
6
100 150
4
100
50 2
50

0 0
0.6 0.6002 0.6004 0.6006 0.6008 0.601 0.6 0.6001 0.6002 0.6003 0.6004 0.6005 0.6006 0.6007 0.6008 0.6009 0.601
0 t [s]
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
t [s]

34 Faults in LVDC microgrids with front-end converters