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Excavators

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LOADERS

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WHEEL & TRACK

LOADERS

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LOADER PRODUCTION
STEP 1: BUCKET SIZE
Loaders can
usually be
equipped with
several different
size and type
buckets.

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STEP 1: BUCKET SIZE

Buckets are rated in both Heaped

and Struck capacities.

Heaped Capacity is the

rating of interest for
Production Estimating.
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STEP 2: FILL FACTOR

Heaped Capacity is based on the

SAE standard of a 2:1 material
repose angle.
The Fill Factor adjusts Heaped
Capacity (in loose measure)
based on the type of material
being handled.
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STEP 2: FILL FACTOR

The Fill Factors for wheel and
track loaders are different because
of differences in the breakout force
that can be developed.

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STEP 2: FILL FACTOR

HEAPED BUCKET CAPACITY

 FILL FACTOR
= VOLUME (lcy)

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LOADER CAPACITY

A loader must maneuver and travel

with the load
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CHECK TIPPING
Wheel Loader OPERATING WEIGHT is limited
to 50% of full-turn static tipping load.

Track Loader
OPERATING WEIGHT
is limited to 35% of
static tipping load.
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CHECK TIPPING
WHEEL LOADER:
Volume X Material Unit Wt
< 0.50 Static Tipping Load full-turn

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CHECK TIPPING
TRACK LOADER:
Volume X Material Unit Wt
< 0.35 Static Tipping Load

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STEP 3: CYCLE TIME

LOADER CYCLE TIME has three

components :
(1) Fixed Time to load,
Maneuver with four reversals of direction
(min. travel), and Dump.

(2) Travel Time

(3) Return Time

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LOADER PRODUCTION

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STEP 3: FIXED CYCLE TIME

(1) Fixed Time
 Time to load
 Maneuver with four reversals of
direction (min. travel)
 Dump

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LOADER PRODUCTION
Fixed time plus travel

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STEP 3: CYCLE TIME

(2) Travel Speed

(3) Return Speed
Check Manufactures’ data for
gear speeds.

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STEP 3: CYCLE TIME

Travel Speed with a loaded

bucket - Average speed should
be about 80% of maximum in
low range.

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STEP 3: CYCLE TIME

Return Speed with an empty

bucket - Average speed should
be about 60% (upto 30m) or
80% (over 30m) of maximum
in intermediate range.

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STEP 4: EFFICIENCY
FACTOR

When selecting a minutes per hour

efficiency factor visualize the work site
and consider:
• Materials being handled, bank or
broken
• Size of the loader’s dumping target,
(large or small)

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STEP 5: CLASS of
MATERIAL

The bucket load is in loose state.

It may be necessary to converted
to bank measure or tons.

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STEP 6: PRODUCTION

Working mins / hr
Total cycle time (min)
X Heaped Capacity (lcy)
X Fill Factor
= Production (lcy/hr)
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Loader-backhoe / Backhoe-loader / Digger-loader

• Backhoe attachment and loader attachment

• Outriggers are provided for stability
• Bucket sizes are smaller
• Medium size unit (multipurpose equipment, not very expensive)
• Ideal for medium range contractors
• Escorts JCB made it popular in India

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Wheel-type trenching machine

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Ladder-type trenching machine

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