Chapter- Fundamental unit of life

STD-IX
Source based questions

1. Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.

An experimental set up was prepared which consisted of two beakers. One beaker had water to
which peeled pieces of carrot have been added .In the second beaker saturated sugar solution was
put in which peeled pieces of carrot have been added. The set-up was kept overnight. In the first
beaker the carrots will become soft and mushy where as in the second beaker the carrots will
shrink in size.

(I)As per the above passage, in the first beaker the carrots will become soft and mushy where as
in the second beaker the carrots will shrink in size. The phenomenon that involved in both the
cases will be-
(a) osmosis (b) active transport
(c) facilitated diffusion (d) pinocytosis

(II)Some peeled pieces of apple were placed in distilled water and some in very salty water. The
cells in the apple pieces will —
(a) lose water in both solutions
(b) gain water in both solutions
(c) lose water in the distilled water and gain water in the salty water
(d) gain water in the distilled water and lose water in the salty water

(III) When animal cells are placed in a hypotonic solution they -

(a) remain unchanged (b) burst
(c) become turgid (d) become plasmolysed

(IV) A piece of potato was cut from a potato tuber and weighed.
It was placed in pure water for one hour and then removed, dried and weighed again.
Finally, it was placed in a concentrated sugar solution for an hour, removed, blotted dry and
weighed again. Which line in the table records the results which would most likely to be
obtained is-
First weighing Second weighing Third weighing
(a) 5g 6g 4g
(b) 5g 4g 6g
(c) 6g 5g 4g
(d) 5g 4g 3g

(V) a plant cell contain that an animal cell does not have-
(a)cytoplasm (b) nucleus
(c) cell wall (d) cell membrane
2. Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.

The discovery of the cell has had a far greater impact on science than Hooke could have ever
dreamed in 1665. In addition to giving us a fundamental understanding of the building blocks of
all living organisms, the discovery of the cell has led to advances in medical technology and
treatment. Today, scientists are working on personalized medicine, which would allow us to
grow stem cells from our very own cells and then use them to understand disease processes. All
of this and more grew from a single observation of the cell in a cork.

(I) Mitochondria and chloroplast are

A) Semi-autonomous organelles.

B) Formed by division of the pre-existing organelles and they contain DNA but lack protein
synthesizing machinery.

Which one of the following options is correct?

(a) Both (A) and (B) are correct

(b) Both (A) and (B) are false

(c) (B) is true but (A) is false

(d) (A) is true but (B) is false

(II) Out of the following, the structure that not found in prokaryotic cell is-

(a) Plasma membrane (b) Nuclear envelope

(c) Ribosome (d) Mesosome

(III)Cellular organelles with membranes are-

(a) Lysosome, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria

(b) Nuclei, ribosomes and mitochondria

(c) Chromosomes, ribosomes and ER

(d) ER, ribosomes and Nuclei

(IV)Match the columns and identify the correct option.

Column I Column II

(A) Thylakoids (i) Disc shaped sacs of Golgi apparatus

(B) Cristae (ii) Condensed structure of DNA

(C) Cisternae (iii) Flat membranous sacs in stroma

(D) Chromatin (iv) Inholdings in mitochondria

(a) A(iii), B(iv), C(ii), D(i)

(b) A(iv), B(iii), C(i), D(ii)

(c) A(iii), B(iv), C(i), D(ii)

(d) A(iii), B(1), C(iv), D(ii)

(V) Both animal and plant cells usually have a -

(a)nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm

(b) nucleus, cell wall and chloroplasts

(c) nucleus, vacuole and cell wall

(d)nucleus, cell wall and cytoplasm

3. Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.

If the original skin cells contained the chromosomes what chromosomes do you think the new
skin cells would contain?

As noted in the above Table 1, 44.5% of the students thought, the new cells should have 8
chromosomes. The various explanations given by the students were as follows:
“Because chromosomes will divide more and more,”
“The original skin cell divides again and again to produce many new skin cells,”
“Since it divides twice the original number,”
“In mitosis the cell will produce ‘2n’ number of chromosomes,”
“Each chromosome divides to give rise to two new chromosomes. Hence 4 chromosomes in
original cell will multiply to give 8 in new one,”
“Since the skin cell continues to divide, it increases in number,”
Among others, 38.5% correctly said that the number would remain 4. Of these, 41% of students
who gave correct answer properly explained that skin cells undergo mitosis and the number of
chromosomes remains same after such cell division, e.g. “The chromosomes first multiply and
then divide to give new cell with same number of chromosomes” and “Mitotic cell division
maintains chromosome number.”

(I) The cell division which gives rise to gametes is-

(a) Mitosis (b) Meiosis

(c) Both mitosis and meiosis. (d) Binary fission

(II) Out of the following divisions, the division which is also termed as somatic division -

(a) Mitosis (b) Meiosis

(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

(III)The nuclear DNA content of each daughter cell after mitosis will be-

(a) Half as that of mother cell (b) Same as that of mother cell

(c) 1/4th as that of mother cell (d) Double as that of mother cell

(IV) The number of consecutive divisions occur in meiosis is/are-

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4

(V) Many cells function properly and divide mitotically even though they do not have -

(a)plasma membrane (b)cytoskeleton

(c)mitochondria (d)plastids
Assertion and reason questions-
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of Reason. Mark
the correct choice as-

a) If both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion

(c) If Assertion is true, but Reason is false

(d) If Reason is true, but Assertion is false

1. ASSERTION (A): The Golgi apparatus mainly performs the function of packaging materials.

REASON(R): Materials to be packed in the form of vesicles from the ER fuse with trans face of
the Golgi Apparatus.

2. ASSERTION (A): Cell walls permit the cells of bacteria to tolerate hypotonic solution.

REASON(R): Osmosis causes water to move from a region of few solutes to a region of more
solutes.

3. ASSERTION (A):): Cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living
organisms.

REASON(R): Anything less than a complete structure of a cell does not ensure independent
living.

4. ASSERTION (A): All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells.

REASON(R): All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

5. ASSERTION (A): Plant cells have a single large vacuole.

REASON(R): Vacuole is responsible for ingestion of food substances.

ANSWER KEY

Source based

1.

I. a)

II. d)

III. b)
IV. a)

V. c)

2.

I. d)

II. b)

III. a)

IV c)

V. a)

3.

I. b)

II. a)

III. b)

IV. a)

V. d)

Reasoning and assertion

1.a) 2.c) 3.b) 4.b) 5.b)