11 SIP4-7SJ en OvercurrentProtection-Rev A3

DIGSI 4 / SIPROTEC 4
Overcurrent Protection
Restricted © Siemens 2020 siemens.com/PowerAcademy
Content
• Time-overcurrent protection
• Function
• Characteristics
• Application
• Directional time-overcurrent protection

• Function
• Application
• Direction Comparison
• Principle
• Application
Restricted © Siemens 2020

Page 2 Siemens Power Academy TD
Time-overcurrent protection
Function
two criteria
• Criteria for fault: overcurrent
• Criteria for selectivity: time

Function
I> t TRIP
IL1
I>> t
IL2
IL3
IE> t
IE
IE>> t
Valid for all devices with 4 CT inputs

Characteristics
Tripping characteristic of a two stage time-overcurrent

protection device - definite time (DMT, ANSI 50, 50N)
t [sec]
2.0
1.5 Tripping area
1.0
0.5
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 x IN
I> I>>

Characteristics
Tripping characteristic of a time-overcurrent protection device -

inverse time (IDMT, ANSI 51,51N)
t [sec]
2.0 Characteristics:
• IEC
1.5 • ANSI
• user defined
1.0
0.5
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 x IN

Setting opportunities for IDMT

Application
As main protection Used as:
1 feeder line protection

Selectivity by time-grading
x
x
x
O/C O/C O/C 2 Motor protection

with short circuit- and
overload protection,
start protection,
x
restart inhibit
O/C M
3 Transformer protection
for network transformers
with short circuit- and
1 2 3 overload protection,
Inrush-stabilisation

Application
Main protection as line protection
x x x x
O/C O/C O/C O/C
t = 900ms t = 600ms t = 300ms t = 0ms
Advantage: simple device,

only current transformers are necessary
Disadvantage: near infeed higher tripping time

Application
x x x x
Main protection
as line protection
O/C 1 O/C 2 O/C 3 O/C 4
wrong time grading
t = 150ms t = 100ms t = 50ms t = 0ms
Devices 1 2 3 4 are picking up

t CB = 60 msec,(3 cycles)
Device 4 trips instantaneously t drop off = 20 msec
safety margin = 20 msec
Device 3 trips after 50 msec grading time >= 100 ms
Device 2 risk of trip after 100 msec
Device 1 drops off after 150 msec

Circuit breaker operating times

Application
Main protection as distribution transformers protection
<800kVA >800kVA >1600kVA
Short circuit and Short circuit Short circuit (Inrush Stab)

overload protection (Inrush Stab) and overload protection
x
HV-fuse
Typ: GTr
O/C O/C
2
I t
x
x
x
Application
As back-up protection
Used for:
x
x
1 Line differential-
I O/C O/C protection
I
2 Transformer-
differential protection
I O/C
x
x
1 2

Application
Back-up protection of transformers
two stages are used:
high voltage
• I>>: faults on the high-voltage side
x
uk = short-circuit voltage of the transformer

IN = nominal current of high-voltage side
O/C
100[%]
I>> > * IN[A], t=0
uk[%]
I therefore I>> responds only to faults on
high-voltage side of transformer
• I>: faults on the low-voltage side

x
- pickup value for faults of the low-voltage side

- the value must be higher than the total
of all nominal currents of all feeders, converted
low voltage to the high-voltage side.
- t = 200ms + highest grading time in the feeders

Application
setting example: back-up protection of transformers

110 kV
I>>, t = 0 Settings:
300 / 1A
I> , t = xs
40 MVA = 210 A I>> > 100[%] * IN[A]

IN-HV = 110 kV Ö3 uk[%]
uk = 10% = 100[%] * 210 A

40 MVA 10[%]
= 10 * 210 A
40 MVA
IN-LV = 20 kV Ö3
= 1154 A
= 2100 A
1200 / 1A
I>> chosen to 2300 A
20 kV
I> > 1.5 * IN[A] note:

= 1.5 * 210 A setting
refers to
I> chosen to 315 A 110kV-side
200 A 200 A 200 A
400 A 400 A 400 A

Breaker failure protection
Application
Power direction
TRIP breaker failure
TRIP overcurrent prot.
OC function I>
&
t1
BF function &
t2
CB I>
t2= t CB + t BFdrop off + t safety
= 150 - 300 ms

SIPROTEC 4
• Time overcurrent Protection (50/51, 50N/51N)

• Thermal overload Protection (49)
7SJ61 • Inrush blocking
• Motor Protection (14, 37, 48, 66/68)
• Negative Sequence Protection (46)
• Trip Circuit Monitoring (74TC)
• Lock-out (86)
• Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (50BF)
• Auto reclosing (79M)
• Fault Recording
• Synchronised Real Time

• User programmable Logic Functions (CFC)
• Measured Value processing
• metered Values, demand values (max, min)
• 3 serial Communications Interfaces
• (RTD: Remote temperature detection interface)
• CB Control Function (Interlocking)

Dir. time-overcurrent protection
Introduction
Directional
time-overcurrent
protection

Function
three criteria
• Criteria for fault: overcurrent
• Criteria for selectivity: direction + time

Function
I>
IL1 & t
I>>
& t
TRIP
Power
Direction
UL1

Non-Dir. time-overcurrent protection
Application
Power direction
As main protection
of parallel lines
x
x
t = 400 ms t = 400 ms
O/C 1 O/C 2
Devices 3 4 are tripping after 200 ms

t = 200 ms t = 200 ms
O/C 4
Device 1 trips after 400 ms
O/C 3
x
x
Device 2 drops off
fault free line 2 has been interrupted

à unselective tripping
x
t = 0 ms à Non-dir. OC protection is not sufficient

O/C 5

fault on one of two parallel lines
Power direction
As main protection
x
x
of parallel lines
t = 200 ms t = 200 ms
O/C 1 O/C 2
Devices 1 2 3 are picking up
Device 4 blocks (‘reverse’ direction)
Device 3 trips instantaneously

t = 0 ms t = 0 ms
Directional O/C O/C 4 Device 2 drops off
3
O/C
x
x
Device 1 trips after 300 ms
à power supply is maintained via line 2

x
t = 0 ms
O/C 5

fault beyond parallel lines
Power direction
As main protection
x
x
of parallel lines
O/C 1 O/C 2
Devices 1 2 5 are picking up
Devices 3 4 blocking (‘reverse’ direction)
Device 5 trips instantaneously

O/C 3 O/C 4
x
1 2 are dropping off

x
Devices
x
O/C 5

Application
x x x x x x
O/C O/C O/C O/C O/C O/C
t = 400ms t = 0ms t = 200ms t = 200ms t = 0ms t = 400ms

1 2 3 4 5 6
As main protection Device 2 trips instantaneously

of lines with
two side infeed Devices 4 6 are dropping off
Device 1 trips after 400ms

Application
x x x x x x
O/C O/C O/C O/C O/C O/C
t = 400ms t = 0ms t = 200ms t = 200ms t = 0ms t = 400ms

1 2 3 4 5 6
As main protection Devices 3 4 are tripping in 200ms

of lines with
two side infeed Devices 1 6 are dropping off

Directional comparison
Introduction
Directional comparison -
an alternative protection concept

Introduction
HV infeed
20kV
20kV
20kV 400V 400V 20kV
400V 400V
20kV
400V

Principle
TRIP TRIP
R R
A I>
S I> B
& S &
Data link
t1 t1
I> Start time-overcurrent stage

detect “forward direction”
t1 Time delay
R Receive information “reverse” -> blocking
detect “reverse direction”
S Send information “reverse direction”

Application
fault in the network part B–C with two end infeed
A B C D
I>,t I>,t I>,t I>,t I>,t I>,t

R 1.1 R 1.2 R 2.1 R 2.2 R 3.1 R 3.2
R 1.1 forward, R 1.2 reverse è R 1.2 blocks R 1.1

R 3.1 reverse, R 3.2 forward è R 3.1 blocks R 3.2
R 2.1 forward, R 2.2 forward è high speed trip in t1 (100ms)

Application
fault in the network part C–D with single end infeed
A B C D

R 1.1 R 1.2 R 2.1 R 2.2 R 3.1 R 3.2

R 3.1 forward, R 3.2 no pickup è high speed trip in t1 (100ms),
because no block signal is received

Binary signal transmitter
Transmission of 2 binary signals via fibre optic

(in case of protection devices are not equipped with
built-in optical protection data interface)
Störmelde- Störmelde-
kontakt kontakt
Binäreingange
Binäreingange
FSMA-Anschlüße für den LWL

FSMA-Anschlüße für den LWL
Fibre-optic,
Multimode,820nm
Kommando
Kontakte Kommando
SV Kontakte
SV
Binary signal transmitter

7XV5653

Application
Principle “reverse interlocking”
Power direction
O/C
I>>, t=100ms
Blocking
2 I>, t = 900ms
Bus bar 1 Outgoing protection
picks up and blocks
the infeed protection
stage within 100 ms
O/C O/C O/C

Infeed protection
I>, t = 600ms
pickup pickup 2 gives a trip after
I> I>
pickup M 100 ms since no
I> outgoing feeder has
1 picked up and blocked
the infeed protection

Time-overcurrent protection SIPROTEC 4
• Directional time-overcurrent Protection (67/67N)

7SJ62 7SJ64 • Time overcurrent Protection (50/50N, 51/51N)
• Thermal overload Protection (49)
• Inrush blocking
• Sensitive Ground Fault Protection (64, 50Ns, 67Ns)
• Motor Protection (14, 37, 48, 66/68)
• Under / Over voltage (27, 59)
• Under / Over frequency (81)
• Negative Sequence Protection (46)
• Trip Circuit Monitoring (74TC)
• Lock-out (86)
• Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (50BF)
• Synchronisation (25), only 7SJ64
• Auto reclosing (79M)
• Fault Recording
• Synchronised Real Time
• User programmable Logic Functions
• Measured Value processing
Max demand, metered Values
• 3 serial Communications Interfaces
(Remote temperature device interface)
• CB Control Function (Interlocking)

Disclaimer
Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this document only
contains general descriptions and/or performance features which may not always
specifically reflect those described, or which may undergo modification in the
course of further development of the products. The requested performance
features are binding only when they are expressly agreed upon in the concluded
contract.
All product designations, product names, etc. may contain trademarks or other
rights of Siemens AG, its affiliated companies or third parties. Their unauthorized
use may infringe the rights of the respective owner.

Siemens Power Academy
Contact
Published by Siemens AG For the U.S. published by

Siemens Industry Inc.
Siemens Power Academy TD
SI DG EA-CS PA 100 Technology Drive
Alpharetta, GA 30005
Humboldtstraße 59
90459 Nuremberg
Germany
Phone: +49 911 9852-7100
E-mail:
poweracademy@siemens.com
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DIGSI 4 / SIPROTEC 4

• Directional time-overcurrent protection

Restricted © Siemens 2020

• Criteria for fault: overcurrent

• Criteria for selectivity: time

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Valid for all devices with 4 CT inputs

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Tripping characteristic of a two stage time-overcurrent

1.5 Tripping area

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 x IN

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Tripping characteristic of a time-overcurrent protection device -

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 x IN

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Restricted © Siemens 2020

As main protection Used as:

1 feeder line protection

O/C O/C O/C 2 Motor protection

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Main protection as line protection

O/C O/C O/C O/C

t = 900ms t = 600ms t = 300ms t = 0ms

Advantage: simple device,

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Devices 1 2 3 4 are picking up

Device 1 drops off after 150 msec

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Main protection as distribution transformers protection

<800kVA >800kVA >1600kVA

Short circuit and Short circuit Short circuit (Inrush Stab)

Restricted © Siemens 2020

uk = short-circuit voltage of the transformer

• I>: faults on the low-voltage side

- pickup value for faults of the low-voltage side

Restricted © Siemens 2020

setting example: back-up protection of transformers

40 MVA = 210 A I>> > 100[%] * IN[A]

uk = 10% = 100[%] * 210 A

I> > 1.5 * IN[A] note:

Restricted © Siemens 2020

TRIP breaker failure

TRIP overcurrent prot.

Restricted © Siemens 2020

• Time overcurrent Protection (50/51, 50N/51N)

• Synchronised Real Time

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Restricted © Siemens 2020

• Criteria for fault: overcurrent

• Criteria for selectivity: direction + time

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Devices 1 2 3 4 are picking up

Devices 3 4 are tripping after 200 ms

Device 2 drops off

fault free line 2 has been interrupted

t = 0 ms à Non-dir. OC protection is not sufficient

Restricted © Siemens 2020

Device 4 blocks (‘reverse’ direction)

Device 3 trips instantaneously

Device 1 trips after 300 ms

à power supply is maintained via line 2

Restricted © Siemens 2020