School of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering

Course Code : BEE01T1003 Course Name: BEEE

Steady state behaviors with sinusoidal excitation

Name of the Faculty: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech

 School of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering
Course Code : BEE01T1003 Course Name: BEEE

Why Sine Waveform?

❖ Although it is possible to produce alternating voltages and currents with an endless variety of
waveforms (e.g., square waves, triangular waves, rectangular waves etc.), yet the engineers choose to
adopt sine waveform. The following are the technical and economical advantages of producing
sinusoidal alternating voltages and currents:

❖ The sine waveform produces the least disturbance in the electrical circuit and is the smoothest and
efficient waveform.

❖ The use of sinusoidal voltages applied to appropriately designed coils results in a revolving magnetic
field which has the capacity to do work.

❖ The mathematical computations, connected with alternating current work, are much simpler with this
waveform.
❖ Due to above advantages, electric supply companies all over the world generate sinusoidal alternating
voltages and currents.

Name of the Faculty: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech

 School of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering
Course Code : BEE01T1003 Course Name: BEEE

Generation of Alternating Voltages and Currents

❖ An alternating voltage may be generated :

(a) by rotating a coil at constant angular velocity in a uniform magnetic field
(b) by rotating a magnetic field at a constant angular velocity within a stationary coil.

❖ In either case, the generated voltage will be of sinusoidal waveform. The magnitude of
generated voltage will depend upon the number of turns of coil, the strength of magnetic
field and the speed of rotation.

❖ The first method is used for small a.c. generators while the second method is employed for
large a.c. generators.

Name of the Faculty: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech

 School of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering
Course Code : BEE01T1003 Course Name: BEEE

A.C. Circuit Containing Resistance Only

❖ Consider a circuit containing a pure resistance of R Ω connected across an
alternating voltage source.

❖ Let the alternating voltage be given by the equation :

Name of the Faculty: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech

 School of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering
Course Code : BEE01T1003 Course Name: BEEE

❖ As a result of this voltage, an alternating current i will flow in the circuit. The
applied voltage has to overcome the drop in the resistance only i.e.

❖ Phase angle: the applied voltage and the circuit current are in phase with
each other.

❖ Power: In any circuit, electric power consumed at any instant is the product of
voltage and current at that instant

Name of the Faculty: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech

 School of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering
Course Code : BEE01T1003 Course Name: BEEE

Name of the Faculty: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech

 School of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering
Course Code : BEE01T1003 Course Name: BEEE

• Phase angle: Current lags behind the voltage by π/2 radians or 90º. Hence in a
pure inductance, current lags the voltage by 90º. This is also indicated by the
phasor diagram. Inductance opposes the change in current and serves to delay
the increase or decrease of current in the circuit. This causes the current to lag
behind the applied voltage.

• Inductive reactance: Inductance not only causes the current to lag behind the
voltage but it also limits the magnitude of current in the circuit.

Name of the Faculty: Dr. Yogesh Kumar Program Name: B.Tech