Bias The application of a dc voltage to a diode to make it either conduct or block

current. Clamper A circuit that adds a dc level to an ac voltage using a diode and a
capacitor.

DC power supply A circuit that converts ac line voltage to dc voltage and supplies
constant power to operate a circuit or system.

Diode A semiconductor device with a single pn junction that conducts current in

only one direction. Filter In a power supply, the capacitor used to reduce the
variation of the output voltage from a rectifier.

Forward bias The condition in which a diode conducts current.

Full-wave rectifier A circuit that converts an ac sinusoidal input voltage into a

pulsating dc voltage with two output pulses occurring for each input cycle.

Half-wave rectifier A circuit that converts an ac sinusoidal input voltage into a

pulsating dc voltage with one output pulse occurring for each input cycle.

Limiter A diode circuit that clips off or removes part of a waveform above and/or
below a specified level.

Line regulation The change in output voltage of a regulator for a given change in
input voltage, normally expressed as a percentage.

Load regulation The change in output voltage of a regulator for a given range of
load currents, normally expressed as a percentage.

Peak inverse voltage (PIV) The maximum value of reverse voltage across a diode
that occurs at the peak of the input cycle when the diode is reverse-biased.

Rectifier An electronic circuit that converts ac into pulsating dc; one part of a
power supply. Regulator An electronic device or circuit that maintains an
essentially constant output voltage for a range of input voltage or load values; one
part of a power supply.

Reverse bias The condition in which a diode prevents current.

Ripple voltage The small variation in the dc output voltage of a filtered rectifier
caused by the charging and discharging of the filter capacitor.
(VIN-0.7/2) + 0.7
MODULE 3 FA’s

1. The output from an unfiltered half-wave or full-wave rectifier is an (n) à

Pulsating DC
2. A semiconductor device with a single pn junction that conducts current in
only one direction à Diode
3. A circuit that converts an ac sinusoidal input voltage into a pulsating dc
voltage with one output occurring for each input cycle à Half-wave rectifier
4. If N1/N2 =2, and the primary voltage is 120V, what is the secondary voltage
à 60 by canvas but correct answer is 240
5. The average value of a half-wave rectified voltage with a peak value of 200V
is: 63.7
6. The average value of a full-wave rectified voltage with a peak value of 75V is
à 47.8
7. When the primary winding of the transformer in a power supply opens,
output voltage is à 0
8. The ideal dc output voltage of a capacitor-input filter is equal to à The peak
value of the rectified voltage
9. Which of the following is true? à A full-wave voltage occurs on each half of
the input cycle and has the frequency of twice the input frequency.
10.The maximum value of reverse voltage which occurs at the peak of the input
cycle when the diode is reversed-biased. à Peak Inverse voltage
11.When a 60Hz sinusoidal voltage is applied to the input of a full-wave
rectifier, the output frequency is à 120 hz
12.Which of the following is true? à The smaller the ripple voltage, the better
the filter.
13.If one of the diodes in a bridge rectifier shorts, à The transformer will be
damaged
14.A capacitor in a power supply used to reduced the variation of the output
voltage from a rectifier. à Filter
15.The diode, in a half wave rectifier with a peak input of 10V, must be able to
withstand a reverse voltage of à 10V
16.If you are checking a 60Hz full-wave bridge rectifier and observe that the
output has a 60Hz ripple, à The transformer secondary is shorted
17.If one of the diode in a bridge full-wave rectifier opens, the output is à A
half-wave rectified voltage
18.In the input voltage to a voltage tripler has an rms value of 12 V, the dc
output voltage is approximately à 50.91
19.When the peak output voltage is 100V, the PIV for each diode in a center-
tapped full-wave rectifier is (neglecting the diode drop) à 200 V
20.The total secondary voltage in a center-tapped full-wave rectifier is
125Vrms. Neglecting the diode drop, the rms output voltage is à 62.5 V
21.If one of the diode in a half-wave rectifier opens, the output is à 0
22.Which type of full-wave rectifier has the greater output voltage for the same
input voltage and transformer turns ratio? à Bridge full-wave rectifier
23.In a half-wave rectifier, the current through the load is approximately à
50% of the input cycle
24.A certain power-supply filter produces an output with a ripple of 100mV
peak-to-peak and a dc value of 20V. The ripple factor is à 0.005 or 5mV
25.A 10 V peak-to-peak sinusoidal voltage is applied across a silicon diode and
series resistor. The maximum voltage across the diode is à 10v
26.Diode clampers add a dc level to an ac voltage.
27.Diode limiters cut off voltage above or below specified levels.
28.Line regulation is determined by à Changes in zener current and load
current
29.The peak value of the input to the half-wave rectifier is 10V. The
approximate peak value of the output is à 9.3 V
30.The peak value of the input to the half-wave rectifier is 10V. The
approximate peak value of the output is à 38.1 V
31.If the load resistance of a capacitor-filtered full-wave rectifier is reduced, the
ripple voltage à increase
32.When the rms output voltage of a bridge full-wave rectifier is 20V, the peak
inverse voltage across the diodes is (neglecting the diode drop) à 28.3 V
33.A 60V peak full-wave rectified voltage is applied to a capacitor-input filter.
If f = 120 Hz, RL=10 kΩ and C=10 µF, the ripple voltage is à 5.0 V
34.Load regulation is determined by à Changes in load current and output
voltage
35.Given the circuit shown, Calculate the Peak Output Voltage à 4.30
36.If the ac supply is 60 Hz, What will be the ripple frequency out of the half-
wave rectifier? à 60 Hz
37.What is the dc output voltage of an unfiltered half-wave rectifier whose
peak output voltage is 9.8 V? à 3.1 v
38.A device converting AC to DC. is called à rectifier
39.PIV rating of diode in a bridge rectifier is à Vm
40.In a bridge rectifier circuit we use à No centre-tapping and diode having
peak inverse voltage Vm
41.The Application of a Dc voltage to a diode to make it either conduct or block
current is known as à Bias
42.The output frequency of a half-wave rectifier is EQUAL TO the input
frequency
43.With a half-wave rectified voltage across the load resistor, load current flows
for what part of a cycle? à 180 degrees
44.In the output of a half-wave rectifier à the effective value is less than that
of the original ac wave
45.Half-wave rectification means that à Half of the ac wave is chopped off
46.The output of a rectifier is à Pulsating DC
47.In a rectifier circuit, if the secondary winding in the transformer opens, the
output is à 0V
48.Diode is a à NON LINEAR DEVICE
49. If a half-wave rectifier is used with 117-V rms ac (house mains), the average
dc output voltage is about: à 52.7 v
50.In a step down transformer, which is larger? à Primary Voltage
51.A silicon diode in a half-wave rectifier has a barrier potential of 0.7v. This has
the effect of à Reducing the peak output voltage by 0.7 V
52.The voltage out of a bridge rectifier is a à Full-wave signal
53.A transformer has a turns ratio of 4:1. What is the peak secondary voltage if
115 V rms is applied to the primary winding? à 40.7 V
54.When a 60Hz sinusoidal voltage is applied to the input of a half-wave
rectifier, the output frequency is à 60 Hz
55.In a supply designed to provide high power at low voltage, the best rectifier
design would probably be: à Full-wave, center tap
56.What is the PIV for each diode in a full-wave center-tapped rectifier? Note:
Vp(out) = peak output voltage. à 2Vp(out) + 0.7 V
57. With a full-wave rectified voltage across the load resistor, load current flows
for what part of a cycle? à 360 degrees
58.A circuit that converts an ac sinusoidal input voltage into a pulsating dc
voltage with two output pulses occurring for each input cycle à Full-wave
rectifier
59.The application of a dc voltage to a diode to make it either conduct or block
current is known as: à Bias
60.If a full-wave bridge circuit is used with a transformer whose secondary
provides 50 V rms, the PIV across the diodes is about: à 100 V
61.In a rectifier diode, current flows for approximately how much of the ac
cycle? à 180 degrees
62.A diode is not a à Linear device
63.What is the dc output voltage of an unfiltered half-wave
rectifier whose peak output voltage is 9.8 V? à 3.1 V
64.In a full-wave rectifier, the dc load current equals 1A. How much dc
current is carried by each diode? à ½ A
65.If one of the diodes in a bridge full wave rectifier opens, the output is
à A half wave rectified signal
66.In a clamper, capacitor is necessary in addition to a diode
67.In a filter circuit capacitor is always connected in parallel with the load
68.Clipper circuit are used for à Removing the part of waveform
69.Clamper circuit are used for à Shifting of DC level
70.In a series clipper, for a transmitting region, the diode must be in
Forward biased condition.
71.Alternating current is the input of the half-wave rectifier
72.During the positive half cycle, the diode is under forwarding bias conditions.
During the negative half cycle, the diode is under reverse bias condition
73.The average (DC) output voltage is higher than for half wave rectifier, the
output of the full wave rectifier has much less ripple than that of the half
wave rectifier producing a smoother output waveform.
74.The advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a special
center tapped transformer, so it reduces its size and cost
75.The full-wave bridge rectifier gives us a greater mean DC value with less
superimposed ripple while the output waveform is twice that of the
frequency of the input supply
76. Increasing the value of capacitance or increasing the load of resistor will
lessen the value of rippled voltage
77.For full wave rectifier the input, the cycle happens every 2 pi and for the
output of cycle happens every pi
78. For the full wave rectifier, the frequency of the output is twice that of the
input.
79.What is the PIV for each diode in a full-wave center-tapped rectifier? Note:
Vp(out) = peak output voltage. à 2Vp(out) + 0.7 V
80.Each diode in a center-tapped full-wave rectifier is ________ -biased and
conducts for ________ of the input cycle. à forward, 180
81.
82.
MODULE 4 FA’S

1. An open circuit can have any voltage across its terminals, but the current is
always à 0A
2. A silicon diode in a half-wave rectifier has a barrier potential of 0.7 V. This
has the effect of à reducing the peak output voltage by 0.7 V.
3. What best describes the circuit?

à Clipper

4. Calculate IL and IZ. à 2mA, 4mA

5. Determine the peak value of the current through the load resistor.
à 2.325mA
 6. Determine the peak value of the output waveform.
à 15V

7. In a regulated supply, what term describes how much change occurs in the
output voltage for a given change in the input voltage? à Line Regulation