CBLM Mensuration and Calculation

COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
Sector:
ELECTRONICS
Qualification:
ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY AND SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency:
PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
Module Title:
PERFORMING MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
ISABELA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND TRADES

Ilagan City, Isabela
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Welcome to the Module “Performing Mensuration and Calculation”.

This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Perform Mensuration and Calculation” contains

the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Electronic Products Assembly
and Servicing required to obtain the National Certificate (NC) level II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning
outcome there are Information Sheets and Activity Sheets. Do these activities on
your own and answer the Self-Check at the end of each learning activity.
If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your Trainer for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You have already some basic knowledge and skills covered in this module
because you have been working for some time; on already completed training in
this area.
If you can demonstrate competence to your Trainer in a particular skill, talk to

your Trainer so you don’t have to undergo the same training again. If you
have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings show it
to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent with and relevant to this
module, they become part of the evidence. You can present these for RPL. If you
are not sure about your competence skills, discuss this with your Trainer.
After completing this module, ask your Trainer to assess your competence.
Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the
learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant
information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have
more than one learning activity.
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in

receiving and relaying information. This will be the source of information that
will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in Performing Mensuration
and Calculation independently at your own pace with minimum supervision
from your Trainer.
Electronic Products
Date Develop: Document No.:
Assembly and
TESDA- March 25, 2015
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
Perform Issued by:
SYSTEM.
Mensuration
Developed by:
Revision
Page 2 of 83
Abel T. Francisco
and No.:
Calculation
SUMMARY OF COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
Apply quality standards Applying quality

1. ICT315202
standards
Perform computer operations Performing computer
2. ICT311201
operations
3. Performing mensuration ELC311201
Perform mensuration and calculation and
calculation
4. Preparing and ELC311202
Prepare and interpret technical
interpret technical
drawing
drawing
5. Use hand tools Using hand tools ELC724201
Terminating and
Terminate and connect
connecting electrical
6. electrical wiring and electronic ELC724202
wiring and electronic
circuits
circuits
Testing Electronic
7. Test electronic Components
components
MODULE CONTENT
ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY AND

QUALIFICATION
SERVICING NC II
UNIT OF
Perform Mensuration And Calculation
COMPETENCY
MODULE TITLE Performing Mensuration And Calculation
INTRODUCTION:
This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes and values
needed identify, care, and use measuring instruments.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Select measuring instruments
2. Carry out measurements and calculation
3. Maintain measuring instruments
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Object or component to be measured identified
2. Correct specifications obtained from relevant source
3. Measuring tools selected in line with job requirements
4. Appropriate measuring instrument selected to achieve required outcome.
5. Accurate measurements obtained for job.
6. Calculation needed to complete work tasks are performed using the four
fundamentals operations (addition, subtractions, multiplication and
division)
7. Calculation involving fractions, percentages, and mixed numbers used
to complete workplace tasks.
8. Instruments read to the limit of accuracy of the tool.
9. Measuring instruments not dropped to avoid damage.
10. Measuring instruments cleaned before and after using.
11. Proper storage of instruments undertaken according to the
manufacturer’s specifications and standard operating procedures.
PREREQUISITE: NONE
LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
LEARNING SELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
OUTCOME #1
CONTENTS:
 Types of components and object to be identified
 Knowing the correct specifications of the relevant sources
 Identify the necessary measuring tools in selecting the job requirements
 Reading skills required to interpret work instruction
 Communication skills
1. Object or component to be measured identified
2. Correct specifications obtained from relevant source
3. Measuring tools selected in line with job requirements
CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Try square
 Protractor
 Steel rule
 Taper
EVALUATION METHOD:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration
LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Learning Outcome 1 SELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Learning Activities Special Instructions

If you have some problem on the
1. Read Information Sheet 3.1-
content of the information sheets don’t
1
hesitate to approach your facilitator.
Identifying the different
If you feel that you are now
measuring tools and
knowledgeable on the content of the
instrument
information sheets, you can now
answer Self Check provide in the
module.
2. Answer the self check 3.1-1 Compare your answer to the

answer key 3.1-1. If you got 100%
correct answer in this self-check,
you can now go to the next
Learning Outcome. If not review
the information sheet and go over
the self-check again.
INFORMATION SHEET 3.1-1
Identifying the Different Measuring Tools and Instrument
COMMONLY USED MEASURING TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS

The following are the most commonly used measuring instruments in consumer
electronic servicing.
Component Function of Component
A steel rule – an instrument used in geometry,

technical drawing and engineering/
building to measure distances and/or to rule
straight lines.
Push-Pull Rule – a step of steel marked off in inches

or Centimeters used in measuring
A protractor – a circular or semicircular tool for

measuring an angle or a circle. The units of
measurement utilized are usually degrees.
A sliding bevel – a simple hand tool made up of a

stainless steel blade, a plastic or wooden handle
and a locking mechanism. The blade can be
adjusted to any acute or obtuse angle and locked
in place, so that the angle can be repeatedly
marked on other pieces of stock.
Combination square - is a tool used for multiple

purposes in woodworking and metalworking. The
Square refers to the primary use of the tool:
measuring the accuracy of a right angle (90°).
At its minimum, the tool is composed of
primarily two parts: a rule and a head.
Try square is a woodworking or a metal working
tool used for marking and measuring a piece of
wood. The square refers to the tool's primary use
of measuring the accuracy of a right angle (90
degrees); to try a surface is to check its
straightness or correspondence to an adjoining
surface. A piece of wood that is rectangular, flat,
and has all edges (faces, sides, and ends) 90
degrees is called four square. A board is often
milled four square in preparation for using it in
building furniture
Analog multimeters are sometimes referred to as

"volt-ohm-meters", abbreviated VOM is an
electronic measuring instrument that combines
several functions in one unit. They are
traditionally harder to use because you must select
the type and range of voltage you are testing, find
proper scale on the meter face, and the estimate the
voltage as the needle swings into action.
Digital multimeters are usually referred to as

"digital-multi-meters", abbreviated DMM. Displays
the voltage in clear numerals and with a greater
precision than most analog meters.
Electronic Products
Assembly and
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
Perform Issued by:
SYSTEM.
Mensuration
Developed by:
Revision
Page 8 of 83
Abel T. Francisco
and No.:
Calculation
READING THE SCALE OF LINEAR MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
There are two systems of linear measurement used in electronic

drawings. They are the English and Metric. The English system uses inches
while the Metric system uses millimeter and centimeter.
In the English system, an inch is graduated in 16th, 8th, 4th, and 2nd.
There are 16/16, 8/8, 4/4, 2/2 in 1 inches. There are 12 inches in 1 foot.
In the Metric system, the centimeter is graduated in millimeter. There
are 10 millimeters in 1 centimeter. There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter.
How to Read the Linear Measurements in the English System
The first graduation is 1/16, second is 1/8, third is 3/16, next graduation is
¼, followed by 5/16, 3/8, 7/16, 1/2, 9/16, 5/8, 11/16, 3/4, 13/16, 7/8, 15/16,
and 1 inch. After 1 inch, the graduation is written as 1 and 1/16, 1 and 5/8,
and etc.
How to Read the Linear Measurements in the Metric System
The first graduation is 1 millimeter or 1mm. For every graduation the

equivalent is 1 millimeter. After 1 centimeter or 1cm., it is written as 1.2 cm.,
1.8cm., and etc. In terms of meter, 1 meter and 10 centimeters is written as
1.10m.
READING THE SCALE OF VOM
Ohmmeter Ranges Minor divisions and their

x1 ohm equivalents
x10 ohms
x1k ohms Minor Equivalent
x10k ohms Divisions
x100k ohms 0-2 0.2
2-10 0.5
10-20 1
20-50 2
50-100 5
100-500 20
The needle of the meter points

at ten. If the range is set to x1 ohm,
multiply 10 by 1 which is equivalent
to 10 ohms. The reading is 10, the
equivalent of one minor division
from 10 - 20 is 1. So, 10x1 = 10
ohms.
How to read the scale

AC Voltage Scale
RANGE MAJOR
DIVISION D
10 2
50 10
250 50
1000 200
Electronic Products
Assembly and
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
SYSTEM.
Perform Issued by: Page 10 of
Developed by:
Mensuration Abel T. Francisco Revision 83
and Calculation No.:
ACV SCALE
Figure 2. ACVoltage Scale
How to read the measured voltage
After selecting the desired range which is 250 and connecting the two test
prods to the AC outlet, the pointer stops at point in the ACV scale. Read it from
left to right. For example it stopped at 43, multiply it by the equivalent which is
5. The ACV measurement is 215 volts AC.
Example:
43 x 5 = 215 volts
Where 43 is the point where the pointer stopped and 5 is the equivalent of each
minor division.
DC Voltage Scale
DCV SCALE
RANGE MAJOR MINOR

DIVISION DIVISION
0.1 0.02 0.002
0.25 0.05 0.005
2.5 0.5 0.05
10 2 0.2
50 10 1
250 50 5
1000 200 20
DCV Scale
How to read the measured voltage
After selecting the desired range and connecting the two test prods to
the designated test points, the pointer stops at a point in the scale. If the
pointer stopped at minor division 15 and the range used is x50, multiply 15 by
1, so the reading is 15 volts DC.
Example:
15 x 1 = 15 volts
Where 15 is the minor division where the pointer stopped 1 is the equivalent of
one minor division if the range is 50V DC
DC mA Voltage Scale
DC mA SCALE
RANGE MAJOR MINOR

DIVISION DIVISION
50 uA 10 1
2.5 mA .5 .05
25 mA 5 0.5
0.25 A 0.05 .005
Figure 4. DC mA Scale
How to read the DC mA scale
After selecting the desired range and connecting the two test prods to
the designated test point, the pointer stops at a point in the scale. If the pointer
stopped at minor division 6 and the range used is 2.5, multiply 6 by .05 so the
reading is .3 mA.
Example:
6 x .05 = 0.3 mA
Where: 6 is the minor division where the pointer stopped .05 is the equivalent
of one minor division using 2.5 range.
SPECIFYING THE MEASURING TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS
TOOLS TYPE LENGTH/ MANUFACTURER

DIAMETER
Wood 12” PHILIPPINES
RULER Plastic 24” CHINA
Steel 36” JAPAN & USA
PUSH-PULL Plastic 8 ft. CHINA
RULE Metal 6 ft. JAPAN & USA
PROTRACTOR Plastic 4” / 6” CHINA & PHIL.
Steel 6” / 8” JAPAN & USA
SLIDING
T – BEVEL,
CHINA,JAPAN,
COMBINATION Steel 6”/8”/12”/14”
PHIL., USA
SQUARE & TRY
SQUARE
General Specification (VOM)
Items Specification
Taut-band structure is adopted in the meter
Drop shock proof section. The meter section is designed to
withstand shock.
The circuit protected by fuse even when
Circuit protection voltage of a to AC 230V is impressed on each
range for 5 seconds.
Internal battery R6 (IEC) or UM-3 1.5V x2
Internal fuse 0.5A/250V 5.2 mm diaX20mm
Standard calibration
temp. and humidity 23±2°C 45~75% RH
range
Operating temperature
0~40°C, 80% RH max., no condensation
and humidity range
3k V AC (1 min.) between input terminal and
Withstand voltage
case
Dimensions and weight 159.5X129X41.5mm/approx.320g
Accessories One copy of instruction manual, Hand strap
Measurement Range
Function, full scale value and accuracy
and Accuracy
SELF-CHECK 3.1-1
Different measuring tools and instrument
General Direction: Write your answers on another sheet of paper. Do not

write anything on this module
I. Identify the following measuring tools and instruments.
1. 2. 5.
4. 5.
II. Indicate the scale value that corresponds to the given number.
a. Read the graduated scale of a ruler using the illustrated questions below.
b. Read the marked minor divisions in the ohmmeter scale and compute
the resistance using the indicated range in each number.
The Ohmmeter Scale
1. x1 6. x10
2. x10 7. x1k
3. x1k 8. x10k
4. x10k 9. x10
5. x1 10. x1k
c. Read the marked minor division in the ACV scale and compute the
ACV reading using the indicated range in each number.
ACV Scale
1. 10V AC 6. 50V AC
2. 50V AC 7. 250V AC
3. 250V AC 8. 1000V AC
4. 1000V AC 9. 50V AC
5. 10V AC 10. 250V AC
d. Read the marked division in the DCV scale and compute the reading
using the indicated range.
DCV Scale
1. 0.1V DC 6. 250V DC
2. 0.25V DC 7. 1000V DC
3. 2.5V DC 8. 2.5V DC
4. 10V DC 9. 10V DC
5. 50V DC 10. 50V DC
e. Read the marked division in the DCV Scale and compute the reading
using the indicated range.
DC mA Scale
1. 50 uA 6. 2.5 mA
2. 2.5 mA 7. 25 mA
3. 25 mA 8. 0.25 A
4. 0.25 A 9. 25 mA
5. 50 uA 10. 2.5 mA
III. How do you specify a (VOM) Multi-tester?
Items Specification
ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY TO SELF-CHECK 3.1-1

I.
1. Try Square
2. Analog Multi-meters
3. Digital multi-meters
4. Sliding T-Bevel
5. Combination Square
II. OHMMETER SCALE

1. 1/8’’ 1. 15 Ohms 6. 65 Ohms
2. ¾’’ 2. 220 Ohms 7. No
3. 1’’ Answer 3. 10,000
4. 1 7/8’’_ Ohms 8. 1,200,000
5. 2 3/8’’_ Ohms
6. 3’’ 4. 10,000 Ohms 9. 240 Ohms
7. 3 ½’’ 5. 46 Ohms 10. 2,500
8. 4 3/8’’_ Ohms
9. 4 7/8’’_
10. 5 5/8 AC VOLTMETER SCALE
11. 2mm or 0.2cm 1. 7.2V 6. 14V
12. 5mm or 0.5cm 2. 24V 7. 240V
13. 18mm or 1.8cm 3. 330V 8. 360V
14. 31mm or 3.1cm 4. 580V 9. 1V
15. 45mm or 4.5cm 5. 2.6V 10. 165V
16. 79mm or 7.9cm
17. 83mm or 8.3cm DC VOLTMETER SCALE
18. 99mm or 9.9cm 1. 0.082V 6. 230V
19. 126mm 2. 0.105V 7. 720V
or 12.6cm 3. 1.6V 8. 0.8V
20. 149 mm or 1. 9.8v 9. 5.6V
14.9 2. 12V 10. 8V
cm
DC MILLIAMMETER SCALE
1. 41 mA 6. 2.3 mA
2. 1.05 mA 7. 18 mA
3. 16 mA 8. 0.08 A
4. 0.245 A 9. 14 mA
5. 12 mA 10. 4 mA
III.
Items Specification
Taut-band structure is adopted in the meter
Drop shock proof section. The meter section is designed to
withstand shock.
The circuit protected by fuse even when
Circuit protection voltage of a to AC 230V is impressed on each
range for 5 seconds.
Internal battery R6 (IEC) or UM-3 1.5V x2
Internal fuse 0.5A/250V 5.2 mm diaX20mm
Standard calibration 23±2°C 45~75% RH
temp. and humidity range
Operating temperature 0~40°C, 80% RH max., no condensation
and humidity range
3k V AC (1 min.) between input terminal and
Withstand voltage
case
Dimensions and weight 159.5X129X41.5mm/approx.320g
Accessories One copy of instruction manual, Hand strap
Measurement Range Function, full scale value and accuracy
and Accuracy
LEARNING
CARRY OUT MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATION
OUTCOME #2
CONTENTS:
 Identifying appropriate measuring instruments to be used.
 Use accurate measurements for the tasks given.
 Using the four fundaments of mathematical operations
 Introducing proper procedure in calculating fractions, percentages, and
mixed numbers to perform in the given tasks.
1. Appropriate measuring instrument selected to achieve required outcome.
2. Accurate measurements obtained for job.
3. Calculation needed to complete work tasks are performed using the four
fundamentals operations (addition, subtractions, multiplication and
division)
4. Calculation involving fractions, percentages, and mixed numbers used
to complete workplace tasks.
5. Instruments read to the limit of accuracy of the tool
CONDITION:
 Torque gauge
 Combination gauge
 Volume
 Area
 Circumference
 Thickness
EVALUATION METHOD:
 Hands-on
LEARNING EXPERIENCE
LO :1 Learning Outcome 1 Carry Out Measurements And Calculation

1. Read Information Sheet 3.2-1
Measurement And Calculation hesitate to approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheets,
you can now answer Self Check provide in
the module.
2. Answer the self check 3.2-1 Compare your answer to the answer key
3.2-1. If you got 100% correct answer in
this self-check, you can now Perform task
Sheet 6.1-1. If not review the information
sheet and go over the self-check again.
3. Read Information Sheet 3.2-2
Calibration, Procedure And hesitate to approach your facilitator.
Techniques If you feel that you are now
For Accurate Measurements knowledgeable on the content of the
information sheets, you can now
answer Self Check provide in the
module.
Compare your work to the
4. Perform
performance checklist. If you got
Task Sheet 3.2-1: Reading 100% correct answer in this task, you
Linear Measurements can now move to the next Learning
Task Sheet 3.2-2: Measuring the Outcome. If not review the information
Resistance of Resistors sheet and go over the task again.
Task Sheet 3.2-3: Measuring AC

Voltage
Task Sheet 3.2-4: Measuring DC
Voltage
Task Sheet 3.2-5: Measuring DC
mA Current
MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION
A. COMMON MATHEMATICAL PREFIXES
COMMON MATHEMATICAL PREFIXES

PREFIX SYMBOL MATHEMATICAL EQUIVALENT
Exa E 1018 or (1 000 000 000 000 000 000)
Peta P 1015 or (1 000 000 000 000 000)
Tera T 1012 or (1 000 000 000 000)
Giga G 109 or (1 000 000 000)
Mega M 106 or (1 000 000)
Kilo K 103 or (1 000)
Hecto H 102 or (100)
Deka Da 101 or (10)
Deci d 10-1 or (0.1)
Centi c 10-2 or (0.01)
Milli m 10-3 or (0.001)
Micro u 10-6 or (0. 000 001)
Nano n 10-9 or (0. 000 000 001)
Pico P 1012 or (0. 000 000 000 001)
Femto F 1015 or (0. 000 000 000 000 001)
Atto A 1018 or (0. 000 000 000 000 000 001)
Example:
1. CONVERSION OF MULTIPLES INTO STANDARDS UNITS
1. 4 GHz (x 1, 000, 000, 000) = 4, 000, 000, 000 Hz

2. 10 Mega (X 1,000,000) = 10, 000, 000 
Ohms
3. 27 KV (X 1,000) = 27, 000 V
4. 50 KW (X 1,000) = 50, 000 W
5. 0.5 KA (X 1,000) = 500 A
2. CONVERSION OF STANDARD UNIT INTO MULTIPLE UNITS
1. 3,300  (÷ 1,000) = 3.3 K

2. 10,000, 000 Hz (÷ 1,000,000) = 10MHz
3. 3,580, 000 Hz (÷ 1,000,000) = 3.58 MHz
4. 100,000, 000 W (÷ 1,000,000) = 100 MW
5. 12,000 V (÷ 1000) = 12 kV
3. CONVERSION OF SUB-MULTIPLES INTO STANDARD UNITS
Electronic Products
Assembly and
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
SYSTEM.
Developed by:
1. 5,000 mV ( 1,000) =5V
2. 400 A ( 1,000,000) = 0.004 A
3. 750 mW ( 1,000) = 0.0.75 W
4. 68, 000 F ( 1,000,000) = 0. 068 F
5. 40 mH ( 1,000) = 0.0004 H
4. CONVERSION OF STANDARD UNITS INTO SUB –MULTIPLES UNITS
1. 0.000050 V (X 1,000) = 0.050 mV

2. 0.0004 A (X 1,000,000) = 400 A
3. 0.00020 A (X 1,000) = 200 A
4. 0.12 H (X 1,000,000) = 120,000 H
5. 0.175 W (X 1000) = 175 mW
5. CONVERSION OF SUB-MULTIPLES UNITS TO ANOTHER SUB-

MULTIPLE UNITS
1. 0.18 mA (X 1000) = 180 A

2. 40.000 A ( 1000) = 40 mA
3. 10 Pf ( 1000,000) = 0.00001 f
4. 0.00047 f (X 1,000,000) = 470 Pf
5. 0.68 mH (X 1000) = 680 H
6. CONVERSION OF UNITS (ENGLISH TO METRIC AND VISE-VERSA)
Length Volume
1. 1 mile = 1.61 kilometers 1. 1 gallon = 3.79 liters
2. 1 yard = 0.914 meter 2. 1 quart = 0.946 liter
3. 1 foot = 0.305 meter 3. 1 liter = 0.264 gallon
4. 1 inch = 2.54 4. 1 liter = 1.06 quarts
centimeters
5. 1 kilometer = .62 mile Weight
6. 1 meter = 1.09 yard 1. 1 pound = 0.454 kilogram
7. 1 meter = 3.28 feet 2. 1 ounce = 28.35 grams
8. 1 centimeter = 0.394 in 3. 1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
4. 1 gram = 0.0353 ounce
B. OHMS LAW
Ohm’s law states that, for a steady current, the current in a circuit is
directly proportional to the total EMF acting in the circuit and inversely
proportional to the total resistance of the circuit.
If we vary the voltage, we will discover that the current changes in
direct proportion. This means that if we double the voltage, the current
also
doubles. If we increase the voltage by 25%, the current increases by 25%.
If we decrease the voltage by 10%, the current decreases by 10%.
If we vary resistance, we will find that the current changes by
inverse proportion. This means that doubling the resistance causes the
current to decrease to half the original amount. Increasing (multiplying)
the resistance by any factor causes the current to be decreased (divided)
by that same factor.
Ohm’s law stated as:

Current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to
resistance.
1. The mathematical formula that represents this statement is:
V
I (current) = V (Voltage) or I=
R (Resistance) R
Example:
Suppose the resistance is known to be 12 ohms with an applied
voltage of 12 volts
Solution:
When solving a numerical problem, the proper procedure is to write the
symbolic formula first. Second, substitute the known values of the
variables on the right side of the equal sign. Last, perform the
arithmetic and write the result. Following this procedure with equation,
we have
V
I=
R
24 V
I = 12 
= 2A
Now let the voltage be adjusted to 36V. Find the new current.
Solutions:
V
I=
R
36 V
I = 12 
= 3A
2. Rearranging OHM’S LAW
Any mathematical formula, or equation, can be rearranged to solve for a

different variable. It is mathematically correct to interchange the
positions of I and R, giving R = V
I
This equation enables us to calculate resistance, R, if voltage, V, and
current, I, are known
Example:
a. A certain heater has a current of 1.5 A when driven by a 120-V source.
Calculate its resistance.
Solution:
V
R=
I
R = 120 V
1.5 A
= 80 
b. Suppose that the heater is connected to a new voltage source,
causing the current to decrease to 1.375 A. Find the voltage of the new
source.
Solution:
The heater is the same, so R still 80 .
V=I R
V = (1.375 A)(80 ) = 110 V
3. The Ohm’s Law Triangle
If you have trouble remembering the

three forms of ohm’s law, use the
memory aid. If you’re solving for
V voltage V.I and R appear alongside
each other, reminding you to
multiply them. If you are solving for
current, cover the I.V appears above
R, reminding you to divide voltage,
I R R V, by resistance, R. When solving
for resistance, cover the R. the
triangle shows that V must be
divided by I.
Example:
A certain lamp is lighted in a circuit. Measurements indicate that I
= 2 A and V = 250 V. Find the lamp’s resistance.
Solution:
Covering R in reminds us that V
R=
I
R = 250 V
2A
= 125 
C. CALCULATING POWER
1. The Power Formula

Triangle
A method to calculate electric power from information about the three

fundamental variables – current, voltage, and resistance. Power is
calculated by multiplying voltage times current. 1 watt is 1 volt times 1
ampere. (1 W = 1 V x 1 A)
P = VI
Example:
a. A 24-V source establishes a current of 0.25 A through the lamp.

What is the circuit’s power?
Solution:
P = VI
= (24V)(0.25 A)
=6W
b. A certain reading lamp has a rating of

P 150 W when driven by 120 V. how much
current does it carry?
V Solutions: I = P
I V
= 150 W
120 V
= 1.25 A
c. Suppose the heater dissipated a power of 100 W and a current drain of
1 A. How much is the voltage applied across the heater?
Solution: P
R=
I
= 100 W
1A
= 100 V
1. The Ohm’s Law And Power Formula
It is sometimes necessary to calculate power from knowledge of voltage

and resistance. A formula for doing that is derived by substituting Ohm’s
law into the power formula.
P = VI = V (V)
P = V²
R
Example:
a) A speaker is a load device that converts electrical energy into
sound energy and waste heat. The speaker has an internal
resistance of 8 . If a voltage of 15 V is applied, how much does the
speaker receive from the source?
Solution: P = V²
R
= (15 V)²
8
= 225 V
8
= 28.1 The equation is P = V² can be rearranged to solve for either of
the R other two variables, R or V.
V² V = PR
R=P
b) An electric circuit has a load resistance dissipated 45 W of power
across the source of voltage with a potential difference of 30 V.
calculate the resistance of the load in the circuit.
Solution:
R = V²
P
= 30 V²
45 W
= 900 V
45²
= 20 
c) A 24  load resistance dissipated 96 W of power. Calculate the
applied voltage across the load resistance.
V = PR
= 96 W x 24 
= 2304
= 48
d) For the 8  speaker, how much input voltage would be required
to increase the power to 40 W?
Solution: V = PR
= (40W) (8 )
= 320
= 17.9 V
There are also occasions when it’s necessary to calculate power from
knowledge of current resistance. Substituting V = IR into the power
formula
P = IV = I (IR) = I²R
P = I²R
e) A 16  loud speaker has an applied current of 1.5 A. Calculate the
power dissipated by the loud speaker.
P = I² x R
= 1.5² x 16 
= 2.25 x 16
= 36 W
f) A rheostat has a 1.5 A of current that passes through its terminal.
What adjusted value of resistance will cause power dissipation of
12 W?
P
R=
I²
= 12 W
(150)²
= 12 W
0.25 A
= 48 
g) An 8  loudspeaker is producing a power of 32 W. What is the

current drain?
P
I= R
= 32 W/8
= 4 =2A
D. FORMULA FOR AREA AND PERIMETER
A. PERIMETER AND CIRCUMFERENCE
 PERIMETER OF A TRIANGLE
a. Perimeter (as a measure) is the sum

a= c = 12 of the measures of the sides of a
polygon
b. The formula for finding perimeter of
a triangle P = a + b + c
c. Perimeter is the sum of the
measures of the length of the three
sides.
b=
Example:
A triangular piece of a paper measures 8 cm, 12 cm, and 15 cm. What is
the perimeter in centimeters of the piece of paper?
P=a+b+c
= 8 + 15 + 12
= 35 cm
 PERIMETER OF A RECTANGLE
a. The perimeter of a rectangle can

be formulated by adding twice its
1.5m length and twice its width.
b. The formula for finding perimeter
of a rectangle P = 2L + 2W
Example: 2.8 m
A rectangular tablecloth has a width 1.5 m and a length of 2.8 m. How
many meters of lace trimmings should be bought to make its borders?
P = 2L + 2W
= 2(2.8)+2(1.5) = 2(4.3)
= 8.6 m needed for the lace trimming
 PERIMETER OF A SQUARE
a. A square has for equal sides. Its

perimeter can be found simply by
45.5m multiplying one side by four (4).
b. The formula for finding the
perimeter of a square is P = 4S
Electronic Products
Assembly and
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
SYSTEM
Developed by:
Mensuration Revisio 83
. Abel T.
and Calculation Francisco
n No.:
Example:
A decorative mat is a square. One side is 45.5 cm. How long an edging is
needed to put borders on it?
P = 4(45.5)
= 182 cm
 CIRCUMFERENE OF A CIRCLE
a. The circumference of a circle is

expressed in terms of  (pi)
approximately equal to 3.1416. It
is equal to d  where d is the
diameter of the circle.
b. The formula for finding the
circumference of a circle: C =
x d or C = 2r.
y
Example:
Calculate the circumference of a five-peso coin which has a diameter of
2.6 cm.
C = d
= 3.14 x 2.6 cm
= 8.164 cm circumference of a five-peso coin
B. AREA
 AREA OF A RECTANGLE
a. The product of its length and its

width will give the area of a
61 rectangle.
b. The formula for finding the area
cm
of a rectangle is A = L x W
105 cm
Example:
A glass top of an office table has a length of 105 cm and a width of 61
cm. What is its surface area?
A=LxW
= 105 x 61
= 6405 cm² the area of the glass top
Electronic Products
Assembly and
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
SYSTEM.
Developed by:
 AREA OF A SQUARE
Electronic Products
Assembly and
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
SYSTEM.
Developed by:
a. Since every square is a rectangle,
the formula A = L x W applies to
squares but in a square the
length and the width are equal.
5.5 m of a square A = S²
Example:
A room which measures 5.5 m on its side is to be finished with vinyl tiles.
How many square meters is to be covered with tiles?
A = S²
= 5.5 x 5.5 = (5.5)²
= 30.25 m² the area of the room
 AREA OF A PARALLELOGRAM
38 m D a. The area of a parallelogram

depends on its height and its
base.
of a parallelogram. Area of
parallelogram = bxh
E C
Example:
A rice field is in the form of a parallelogram. If its base is 38 m and its
height is 25 m, how many square meters can be planted with rice?
A=bxh
= 38 x 25
= 950 m² the area of the rice field
 AREA OF A TRIANGLE
A
B
a. The formula for the area of a
h= triangle can be obtained from
3.2m the area of a rectangle.
D b. Two triangles have equal areas
C
and the area of each triangle is
b=6m one-half that of a triangle.
Example: c. The formula for finding the area
of a triangle = ½ h(b)
The sides of a roof are triangular in shape. If each side has a base which
measures 6 m and an altitude which measures 3.2 m, what is its area?
Area of triangle = ½ (b x h)
A = ½ (6 x 3.2)
= ½ (19.2)
= 9.6 m² (the area of each triangular roof)
 AREA OF A TRAPEZOID
PQ
P5 P 5
8 8
8
O 10RT R
The formula for finding the area of a trapezoid: S OR

Area of a trapezoid = ½ h (b1 + b2).
5
Example:
Find the area of a trapezoid whose altitude is 8 cm and whose bases are
10 cm and 5 cm, respectively.
A= ½ h (b1 + b2)
= ½ (8)(10 + 5)
= 4(10 + 5)
= 60 cm² the area of the trapezoid
 AREA OF A CIRCLE
1. The area of a circle is measured in terms of its radius.
2. r² is approximately equal to the area of a circle with radius (r).
3. The formula for finding the area of a circle. Area of a circle = r²
height = r
base = Πr
Example:
Find an approximation for the area of the circle with a diameter of 6 cm.
A = r²
= (3)²
= 9
= 9(3.1416)
= 28.27 m² (the area of a circle)
II. SURFACE AREA OF SOLIDS
 SURFACE AREA OF A CUBE

cube, simply multiply the square of the
length of a side by 6.
b. The formula for finding the surface area of a
cube (SA) of a cube = 6s²
side
Example: Find the surface area of a cube, the
lateral lateral faces, or outer surface of which are
face bounded by a length of 5 cm.
a. o find the SA = 6s²
surface area of a = 6(5)² = 6(25)
= 150 cm²
 SURFACE AREA OF A RECTANGULAR PRISM
a. To find the surface area of a rectangular

base (b) prism, add the area of its flat surfaces.
b. The area of the top and bottom rectangles
(bases), the area of left and right side, and
Lateral face
the area of back and front rectangles (lateral
areas).
base (b)
c. The formula for finding the surface area of a
rectangular prism is SA = 2B + LA
Example: Find the surface area of a square pyramid with a side of the
base as 3 cm and the height of a triangle as 5 cm.
SA = B + 4 ( b x s/2)
= 3² + 4 (3.5/2) = = 9 + 2(15)
= 39 cm²
 SURFACE AREA OF A CYLINDER
a. Cylinder refers to a right circular cylinder, like a

right prism. Its altitude is perpendicular to the bases
and has an endpoint in each base.
b. To find the surface area of a right circular cylinder,
add the areas of the circular bases and the area of
the rectangular region which is the body of the
cylinder.
c. The formula for finding the surface area of a cylinder
is SA = 2r² + 2rh or SA = 2r (r + h)
2Πr b = Πr
 SURFACE AREA OF A CONE

a. A cone has a circular base and
also referred to as a right circular
cone because of its altitude is
Slant height perpendicular to the base.
b. To find the surface area of the
right circular cone, add the areas
of the base which is a circle and
the curved surface which
resembles a rectangular region.
radius c. The formula for finding the surface
area of a cone SA = r² + rs
h=s
S
2r
b = r
2r
Example:
Find the surface area of a cone if the radius of its base is 3.5 cm and its
slant height is 7.25 cm. (use  = 3.14)
SA = r² = rs
= (3.14)(3.5)² + (3.14)(3.5)(7.25)
= (3.14)(12.25) + (10.99)(7.25)
= 38.465 + 79.6775
= 118.1425 cm²
 SURFACE AREA OF A SPHERE
a. A sphere is a solid where every point

radiu
of its surface is equally distant from
its center. The distance is the length
of the radius of the sphere.
b. The formula for finding the surface
area of sphere is SA = 4r²
Example:
What is the surface area of a ball with radius equal to 6 cm? (use  =
3.14)
SA = 4r²
= 4(3.14)(6)²
= (12.56)(36)
= 452.16 cm²
MATHEMATICAL COMPUTATION
A. ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
There are four basic operations in arithmetic: addition,

subtraction, multiplication, and division. However, subtraction is the
inverse of addition, and division is the inverse of multiplication.
Therefore, the laws of arithmetic are defined only for addition and
multiplication. There are two types of laws that apply to addition and
multiplication.
Commutative Law
The first type of law is the commutative law. This law says that it
makes no difference in what order two numbers are added or multiplied.
For example,
3 + 7 = 7 + 3 = 10 and 3 x 5 = 5 x 3 = 15
For any two numbers a and b the commutative laws are,
therefore, a + b = b + a
axb = b x a
Observe, however, that subtraction and division are not commutative:
7 - 3 is not equal to 3 - 7
2 + 6 is not equal to 6 + 2
Associate Law
The second type of law is the associative law. This law states
that if three numbers are to be added or multiplied together, it makes no
difference if the operations start with the first and second numbers or
with the second and third. For example, in addition, if you want to add
6 + 3 + 2, you can do it in two ways. Using parentheses to indicate which
operation is to be done first, the two ways are as follows:
( 6 + 3 ) + 2 = 9 + 2 = 11
6 + ( 3 + 2 ) = 6 + 5 = 11
Note that operations in parentheses are always done first. In
multiplication, if you want to multiply 8 x 4 x 2, you can also do it in
two ways:
(8 x 4) x 2 = 32 x 2 = 64
6 x (4 x 2) = 8 x 8 = 64
For any two numbers a and b the associative laws are, therefore,
(a + b) = c = a + (b + c )
(a x b) x c = a x (b x c )
Observe that subtraction and division are also not associative. The
subtraction sign and the division sign apply only to the number that
immediately follows the sign moving from left to right. For example,
6 - 3 - 2 means (6 - 3) - 2 = 3 - 2 = 1
8 ÷ 4 ÷ 2 means ( 8 ÷ 4 ) ÷ 2 = 2 ÷ 2 = 1
When the commutative and associative laws are applied together, it

follows that three or more numbers can be added or multiplied in any
order. For example, 2, 3, and 4 can be added (or multiplied) in any one of
six different ways with the same result:
(2 + 3) + 4 = (3 + 2) + 4 = (4 + 2) + 3
= (2 + 4) + 3 = ( 3 + 4) + 2 = (4 + 3) + 2 = 9
Distributive law
Another important law of arithmetic which combines multiplication
and addition is the distributive law. This law says that multiplication
distributes over addition. For any three numbers a, b, and c,
a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c)
For example ,
2 x (2 + 4) = (3 x 2) + (3 x 4)
which correctly states that
2 x 6 = 6 + 12 = 18
The distributive law is important in algebra.
The order of operations in arithmetic is, moving from left to right.
1. Perform operations in parentheses.
2. Do multiplication or division.
3. Do addition or subtraction.
EXAMPLE:
Calculate the following:
3 x 19 - 36 + 6 ÷ 2
Solution: Apply the order of operations and perform multiplication and
division first as shown by parentheses :
(4 x 19) - 36 + (6 ÷ 2) = 76 - 36 + 3
Then subtract and add :

( 76 - 36) + 3 = 40 + 3 = 43
Notice that you must move from left to right and subtract the 36
first before adding the 3. The subtraction sign applies only to the 36. If
you add the 3 first, it will become subtracted from the 76 and the
answer will not be correct.
76 - ( 36 + 3) = 76 - 39 = 37
B. FRACTIONS
Calculations with fractions, decimals and percentages are very

important in technical work. Mistakes are often made because the
concepts are not understood well enough. The calculator can prevent
some of these mistakes, but it is not a substitute for clear understanding.
Study this section and the next one thoroughly. The more problems you
do correctly, the better you will grasp the concepts.
Reducing fractions
The fraction line means division, but since 8 does not divide evenly
into 6 the fraction cannot be simplified to a whole number. However, it
can be reduced to lowest terms by dividing out common factors
(divisors) in the numerator and the denominator.
6/8 = 2/2 x 3/4 = 3/4
To reduce a fraction into lowest terms, it is not necessary to show
the factors before dividing. You can just divide the numerator and
denominator of the preceding fraction by 2 to get the result.
The following examples with fractions are designed to be done
without the calculator to reinforce your skills in arithmetic.
EXAMPLE: Simplify (reduce to lowest

terms): 28/42
Solution: The common factors of 28 and 42 are 2 and 7 (or 14). You can
divide the numerator and denominator by 2 and then 7 (or 14):
28/42 = 14/21 = 2/3
You can also first factor the numerator and the denominator into their
smallest factors and then divide out the common factors:
28/42 = 2/2 x 2/3 x 7/7 = 2/3
The smallest factors of a number are numbers that have no other factors
except one and the number itself. These smallest factors are called prime
numbers. For example, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and so forth are prime numbers.
It is important to emphasize again that you can only divide out
factors in the numerator and denominator of a fraction.. If numbers are
separated by a + or - sign , then they are not factors. Factors are always
separated by a multiplication signs. For example, in the fraction
5 + 1
5 x 7
4 is not a factor in the numerator but is a factor in the denominator.
Multiplying and dividing fractions

To multiply fractions you multiply the numerators and the denominators
A/B x C/D = A x C / B x D
You then reduce the result to lowest terms. However, you can divide out
common factors first that are in the numerator and denominator of either
fraction and then multiply. This simplifies the multiplication. Study the
next two examples, which show this procedure.
Multiply the following fractions:

3/16 x 2/9
Solution: divide out common factors in any numerator and denominator
and then multiply:
1 1
3/16 x 2/9 = 1/24
8 3
EXAMPLE: Multiply the following:
4 x 3/14 x 5/9
Solution: Before multiplying, express the whole number 4 as a fraction

with a denominator of 1. Then proceed in the same way you would for
two fractions by dividing out all common factors that occur in any
numerator and denominator.
4/1 x 3/14 x 5/9 = 10/ 21
Note that in this example a whole number is just a fraction with a

denominator of 1. Therefore, when you multiply a whole number by a
fraction, you can just multiply the numerator by the whole number. For
example,
4 x 3/14 = 4x3/14 = 12/14 = 6/7
To divide fractions, invert the divisor (the fraction after the

division sign), and change the operation to multiplication.
EXAMPLE: Divide the following fractions:
5/12 ÷ 15/16
Solution: Invert the fraction after the division sign, and change to
multiplication. Then divide out common factors and multiply.
1 4
5/12 ÷ 15/16 = 5/12 x 16/15 = 5/12 x 16/15 = 4/9
3 3
Study the next example, which combines multiplication and division of

fractions. Calculate the following.
5/4 x 8/15 ÷ 2
Solution: Invert the 2 to 1/2 and change the division to multiplication.

Then divide out common factors and multiply:
1 2
5/4 x 8/15 x 1/2 = 2/6 = 1/3
1 3
Adding fractions
Adding fractions is not as straightforward as multiplying fractions.
Calculators can add fractions as decimals, and some can add them as
fractions. However, it is necessary for you to understand how to add
fractions so that you can estimate results, recognize an incorrect answer,
and troubleshoot for the error. More important, to add fractions in
algebra requires first understanding the process in arithmetic.
Fractions can be added or subtracted only if their denominators
are the same. When the denominators are the same, you add the
fractions by adding the numerators over the common denominator.
1/8 + 5/8 1 5 / 8 = 6/8 = ¾
Observe that you always reduce the result if possible.
The rule for adding fractions with the same denominator is then
A/D + B/D = A+ B /D
When the denominators of fractions that are to be added are

different, it is first necessary to change the fractions of so the
denominators are the same. A fraction can be changed to an equivalent
fraction by dividing out common factors or by multiplying the
numerator and denominator by the same factor. For example, the
following fractions are all equivalent.
3/10 = 6/20 = 9/30 = 30/100 and so forth.
Note that a fraction is a ratio of two whole numbers. The fraction 3/10
is a ratio of 3 parts to 10 parts. The equivalent fraction 6/20, 9/30, etc.
are all equal to the same ratio.
The process of adding two fractions whose denominators are
different is done as follows. Suppose you wanted to add the
fractions.
2/3 + 5/6
Since the denominators are not the same, you must first change
one or both, fractions to equivalent fractions with a common
denominator. You look for the lowest common denominator (LCD),
which is the smallest number that contains each denominator as a
divisor. Since 3 divides into 6 exactly, the LCD equals 6.
Change the fraction to an equivalent fraction by multiplying the
numerator and denominator by 2.
2(2)/3(2) + 5/6 = 4/6 + 5/6
Note that parentheses are used here instead of an x sign for

multiplication. Parentheses or a dot (.) are used in algebra so as not to
confuse the letter x with multiplication.
Now you can combine the numerators over the LCD and reduce the
result.
4/6 + 5/6 = 4 + 5/6 = 9/6 = 3/2
C. DECIMALS
Our number system is called the decimal system because

it is based on the number ten. Dec means ten in Latin. For example,
in expanded form, the number 5643 represents
5643 = 5000 + 600 + 40 + 3 = 5(1000) + 6(100) + 4(10) + 3(1)
From right to left, each digit represents a multiple of 1, 10, 100,

1000 and so forth. When a number is written with a decimal point, such
as 56.43, the decimal digits 4 and 3 represents multiples of fractions
whose numerators are 1 and denominators are 10, 100, 1000, etc. as
follows:
56.43 = 5(10) + 6(1) + 4 (1/10) = 3(1/100) = 50 + 6 + 4/10 + 3/100
Decimals, then, are fractions with denominators of 10, 100, 1000, etc.
The number of decimal places equals the number of zeros in the
denominator as follows:
0.5 = 5/10
0.21 = 21/100
0.076 = 76/
1000
4.6 = 4 + 6/10 = 46/10

To add or subtract decimals, line up the decimal points and the columns.
Then add or subtract in the same way as whole numbers.
The following examples show how to add and subtract decimals.
Calculate the following:
+ 5.05 - 10.4
Solution: Line up the decimal points and the columns. Add the first two
numbers, bringing down the decimal point.
7.74
+ 5.05
12.79
Then subtract as follows:
12.79
- 10.40
2.39
Note that a zero is added at the end of 10.4 to aid in the

calculation, but it does not change the value of the decimal.
To multiply the decimals, multiply the same way as with the
whole numbers. Then add the decimal places in all the numbers to
determine the total number of decimal places in the answer. Study the
following examples, which show how to multiply decimals.
Multiply: 0.1 x 0.04
Solution: The number 0.1 has one decimal place, and 0.04 has two
decimal places. Therefore, there are three decimal places in the answer.
0.1 x 0.04 = 0.004
Percentages
A percentage (or percent) is a convenient way of writing a fraction
whose denominator is 100. The numerator is written with the percent
sign (%) which represents the denominator of 100. For example,
20% = 20/100 = 0.20
150% = 150/100 = 1.50
8 ¼ = 8.25 /100 = 0.0825

Therefore:
RULE: To change percent to a decimal, move the decimal point two
places to the left. To change from a decimal point to a percent, move the
decimal point two places to the right.
EXAMPLE 1.1 Express each fraction as a percent and a decimal:

1/4
3/8
Solution: First express ¼ as a percent, first change the
denominator to 100 by multiplying the numerator and denominator by
25. Then move the decimal point two places to the left to change to a
decimal.
1(25)/4(25) = 25/100 = 25% = 0.25
Next, to express 3/8 as a percent, the denominator cannot be
easily be changed to 100. First change the fraction to a decimal with
two decimal places as follows. Add a decimal point and three zeroes to
the numerator and divide 8 into 3.000. This will give you a decimal
with three decimal places.
3/8 = 3.000/8 = 0.375
Now move the decimal point to the right two places to express as a
percent.
0.375 = 37.5%
EXAMPLE 1.2 Express each decimal as a percent and a fraction:

0.80
0.015
Solution: First to express 0.80 as a percent , move the
decimal point two places to the right . Then write the fraction by
putting the percent number over a denominator of 100 and reduce
the fraction :
0.80 = 80% = 80/100 = 4/5
Second, to express 0.015 as a percent, move the decimal point two

places to the right. Then write the fraction with a denominator of 100.
0.15 = 1.5% = 1.5/100
A fraction is not in simplest form if it contains a decimal in the
numerator or denominator. Eliminate the decimal in the numerator by
multiplying the numerator and denominator by 10; then reduce the
fraction.
1.5(10)/100(10) = 15/1000 = 3/200
EXAMPLE 1.3 Express each percentage as a decimal and a fraction.

7.5%
110%
Solution: To express 7.5% as a decimal, move the decimal point two
places to the left.
7.5% = 0.075
Write the fraction by putting the percent number 7.5 0ver 100.
However, the fraction is not in simplest form until the decimal is
eliminated.
Multiply the numerator and denominator by 10; then reduce the fraction.
7.5% = 7.5/100 = 7.5(10)/100(10) = 75/1000 = 3/40
To express 110% as a decimal, move the decimal point two
places to the left. Change the percent to a fraction with a denominator
of 100 and reduce.
110% = 1.10 = 110/100 = 11/10
Note that 100% = and a percent greater than 100 represents a number
greater than one.
SELF – CHECK 3.2-1
Measurement and Calculation
General Directions: Write your answers on another sheet of paper.

Do now write anything on this module
I. Direction: Referring to the schematic diagram below, calculate

the voltage, current, resistance and power.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5.
6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
11.
12.
13. 14.
15.
II. Directions: Convert the following common multiples and

submultiples of the practical units of electricity/electronics into the
standard units.
1. 47 uA →A 9. 4.75 K ohms → ohms

2. 27.85 uA →A 10. 1k ohms → ohms
3. 1,500 uA →A 11. 1yard → meter
4. 2, 576 uA →A 12. 1 inch → centimeter
5. 0.79 uA →A 13. 1 centimeter → inches
6. 1,861 mV →V 14. 1 meter → feet
7. 1.71 KW →W 15. 1 foot → 1 meter
8. 1.632 M ohms → ohms
III. Directions: Solve the following.

A. Perimeter and Circumference
of each Plane Figures
1. a circle with r = 7.1 cm
2. a square with s = 2.8 cm
3. a triangle with sides 3.84 cm, 6.23 cm, 5.6 cm
4. a rectangle with L = 24.5 cm, W = 17.61 cm
5. a circle with d = 52 mm
B. Area of the Plane Figures
1. a parallelogram with h = 4.6 cm, b = 8.8 cm
2. a triangle with b = 5 m, h = 2.5 m
3. a circle with r = 0.16 m
4. a square with s = 325 mm
5. a rectangle with L = 0.92 m, W = 0.76 m
C. Surface Area of Solid
1. a cube with s= 2.2 cm
2. a triangular pyramid with b = 4 cm, h = 8.2 cm (altitude of the
base), s = 7 cm (slant height)
3. a cylinder with h = 15 cm, r = 3.2 cm
4. a rectangular prism with L = 12 cm, W = 7 cm, H = 6 cm
5. a square pyramid wit s = 4.2 cm, h = 7 cm (slant height)
ANSWER KEY TO SELF-CHECK 2.1
I. 1. 80 Ω 9. 55 W
2. 240 V 10. 0.25 A
3. 4A 11. 96 V
4. 0.05 A 12. 3 A
5. 50 V 13. 12.5 Ω
6. 60 W 14. 120 W
7. 4 A 15. 24 Ω
8. 48 V
II.
1. 0.000047 A
2. 0.00002785 A
3. 0.0015 A
4. 0.002576 A
5. 0.000079 A
6. 1.861 V
7. 1,710 W
8. 1,632,000 ?
9. 4,750 ?
10. 1,000 ?
11. 0.914 meter
12. 2.54
centimeters 13.
0.394 in
14. 3.28 feet
15. 0.305 meter
III.
A. Perimeter and Circumference of each Plane Figures
1. C = 2r
= 2(3.14)(7.1)
= 2(22.294 cm)
= 44. 588 cm
2. P = 4s
= 4(2.8 cm)
= 11.2 cm
3. P = a + b + c
= 3.84 cm + 6.23 cm + 5.6 cm
= 15.67 cm
4. P = 2L + 2W
= 2(24.5 cm) +2 (17.61 cm)
= 49 cm + 35.22 cm
= 84.22 cm
5. C = d
= (3.14)(5.2 mm)
= 163.28 mm
B. Area of the Plane Figures

1. A = Bh
= (8.8 cm)(4.6 cm)
= 40.48 cm²
2. A = ½ (bh)
= ½ (5 m)(2.5 m)
= ½ (12.5 m²)
= 6. 25 m²
3. A = r²
= (3.14)(0.16 cm)²
= (3.14)(0.0256 cm²)
= 0.080384 cm²
4. A = s²
= (325 mm)²
= 105625 cm²
5.A = L x W
= (0.92 m)(0.76 m)
= 0.6992 m²
C. Surface Area of Solid
1. SA = 6s²
= 6 (2.2 cm)²
= 6 (4.84 cm²)
= 29.04 cm²
2. SA = Abase + 3Aface
= ½ (4 cm)(8.2 cm) + ½ (4 cm)(7 cm) + ½ (8.44 cm)(7 cm)
+ ½ (8.44 cm) (7cm)
= ½ (32.8 cm²) + ½ (28 cm²) + ½ (59.08 cm²) + ½ (59.08 cm²)
= 16.4 cm² + 14 cm² + 29.54 cm² + 29.54 cm²
= 89.48 cm²
3. SA = 2r (r + h)
= 2(3.14)(3.2 cm)(3.2 cm + 15 cm)
= 2(3.14)(3.2 cm)(18.2 cm)
= 2(3.14)(58.24 cm²)
= 2(182.8736 cm²)
= 365.7472 cm²
4. SA = 2B + LA
= 2 (12 cm)(7 cm) +2 (7 cm)(6 cm) +2 (12 cm)(6 cm)
= 2(84 cm²) +2 (42 cm²) +2 (72 cm²)
= 168 cm² + 84 cm² + 144 cm²
= 396 cm²
5. SA = B + 4 (b x s/2)
= (4.2 cm)² + 4 (4.2 cm)(7 cm)
2
= (4.2 cm)² + 4 [ 29.4 cm²]
2
= 17.64 cm² +4 (14.7 cm²)
= 17. 64 cm² + 58.8 cm²
= 76.44 cm
CALIBRATION, PROCEDURE AND TECHNIQUES
FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS
A. CALIBRATING THE VOLT- OHM -MILLIAMMETER
1. Examine the front panel of the VOM assigned to you. Locate the
function switch. This will be a multifunction switch with several
positions for measuring VOLTS, OHMS, & AMPS.
2. Jacks are located on the front panel for insertion of the test lead into
the jack marked “ Common” , or maybe just “-”.
3. Insert the red test lead into the jack marked “VOLTS/OHMS” or
simply “+”. These leads will be used for connecting to circuitry and/or
components.
4. Examine the meter face. There should be several scales with numbers
on them. (Note: There is usually one scale for resistance, located at
the top of the meter face, and several scales for AC and DC voltages
located below the resistance scale.
5. There may also be a front panel switch for selecting polarity and type
of voltage measurement. This will be labeled “ – DC,” “+DC”, and “AC”
. If your VOM has this type of switch, place it in the “ + DC” position.
6. On the meter face, there will be a screwdriver adjustment for zeroing
the meter movement. Locate this adjustment, and adjust the meter
movement to zero on left side of meter.
7. Place meter function switch on lowest OHMS position (usually Rx1).
Touch both test leads together, and observe movement of needle. It
should move to right side of scale. Adjust for zero on right side using
the “Zero Ohms” adjust on meter.
8. When finished, move the function switch to the highest voltage
setting. This will preserve the batteries in the meter as well as
protect against accidental damage to the meter if the next technician
forgets to change the function switch setting.
B. USING THE DIGITAL MULTIMETER
1. Examine the front panel of the digital multimeter assigned to you.

Locate the function switch or switches. This is the switch that
selects whether VOLTS, OHMS, or AMPS are to be read on the
meter face.
(Note: Many DMMs have several other functions, such as transistor
or diode testing, capacitor testing, frequency counting, etc. We will
concern ourselves with VOLTS< OHMS and AMPS in this section).
2. Familiarize the selections available in VOLTS, OHMS and AMPS.
3. Insert the black test lead into the jack labeled “COMMON -” on the
front panel. Some meters simply call this jack “-” or “Common”.
4. Insert the red test lead into the “VOLTS/OHMS” jack to lowest
resistance setting. Some meters simply call this test jack “+”.
5. Rotate the function switch to lowest resistance reading.
6. Connect test leads together and observed reading on the meter face.
C. MEASURING RESISTANCE WITH THE VOLT – OHM –
MILLIAMMETER
1. Insert the banana plug end of the black test lead into the
meter’s front panel jack labeled “Common”. On some meters this
jack is simply labeled “-”.
2. Insert the banana plug end of the red test lead into the front panel
jack labeled “+”. On some meters this jack is labeled “Volts/Ohms”.
3. Observe the position of the meter pointer. The pointer should be
exactly aligned with the “Infinity” symbol on the left side of the
meter face. (Note: this will correspond to the 0 reading on any of
the voltage scales.) The “Infinity” symbol looks like a number eight
laying on its side.
4. If the pointer is not aligned properly, adjust the mechanical zero
with s small screw driver. Be careful not to force the adjustment
beyond its limits, or to be rough in performing the adjustment. The
meter movement could be damaged.
5. Place the function switch on the lowest resistance scale. On most
VOMs this will be RX1. This simply means R times 1, or, in
other words the numbers on the resistance scale are to be read
directly. On most meters the Ohms scale will be the top scale.
Zero is to the extreme right on this scale, and infinity is to the
extreme left.
6. Connect the red lead to the black lead.
7. Observe the reading on the VOM meter face. It should be near zero,
on the RIGHT side of the meter face. If the reading of zero Ohms
using the “Ohms Adjust” or “Zero Ohms Adjust” on the front panel
of the meter.
8. Place the meter lead across the leads of the 47 ohm resistor in
your standard parts kit.
9. Repeat step 8 for the 10 ohm resistor.
10. Repeat step 8 for the 150 ohm resistor.
11. Place the meter in a higher scale that will allow you to read a 1
Ohm resistor
12. Repeat steps 6 and 7 to zero the meter on the new scale.
13. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for the 1 kilo ohm, 4.7 kilo ohm, and 10 kilo
ohm resistors.
14. Repeat this procedure for the 22 kilo ohm, 47 kilo ohm, 150 kilo
ohm, 2.2 mega ohm, and 4.7 mega ohm resistors, changing scale
as a appropriate to obtain the best readings (Note: The best
accuracy on the VOM resistance scales will be in the lowest half of
the meter face – the right side of the meter face.
D. MEASURING RESISTANCE USING DIGITAL MULTIMETER
meter’s panel jack, labeled “Common”.
jack labeled “+”.
3. Place the function switch on the lowest resistance scale.
4. Connect the red lead to the black lead.
5. Observe the reading on the DMM meter face. It should be near
zero. If it is not, check your set up. Some DMMs include a “Zero
Adjust” on the front panel. Most do not, choosing instead to set the
meter for zero internally. If no problem is found (dead battery,
blown fuse, defective meter lead, etc.) notify the instructor. Most
DMM will read a few tenths of an ohm of resistance. This simply
represents the resistance of the test leads, and should be
considered “zero” for your meter.
6. Place the meter leads across the leads of the 47 ohm resistor in
your standards parts kit. Refer to the resistor color code to aid
in identifying each resistor.
7. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the 10 ohm resistor.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the 150 ohm resistor.
9. Place the meter on a higher scale that will allow you to read a
1 kilo ohm resistor.
10. Repeat step 5 to zero the meter on the new scale.
11. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the 1 kilo ohm, 4.7 kilo ohm, and
10m kilo ohm resistor.
12. Repeat this procedure for the 22 kilo ohm, 47 kilo ohm, 150 kilo
ohm, 2.2 mega ohm and 4.7 mega ohm resistors, changing scales
as appropriate to obtain the best readings.
E. MEASURING DC CURRENT WITH VOLT-OHM-MILLIAMETER
meter’s front panel jack, labeled “Common”.
2. Insert the banana plug and of the red test lead into the front panel
jack labeled “+”.
exactly aligned with the 0 on the left side of the meter face. If the
meter has a mirrored meter face, align the needle (pointer) with its
image in the mirror for best accuracy.
4. If the pointer is not aligned properly, adjust the mechanical zero
with a small screw driver. Be careful not to damage the meter face
cover or the small plastic screw. Do not force the adjustment
beyond its limit.
5. Calculate the value of current that will flow in the circuit depicted
and schematic one and record it. Place the function switch on a
high enough scale to measure calculated current.
6. Connect the circuit showed in the schematic 1. Connect the red
lead to the bottom end of the 100 ohm resistor in schematic 1. and
the black lead to “-“ end of the battery.
7. Observe the reading on the VOM meter face. Record the reading.
8. Repeat steps 5, 6 and 7 for schematic 2.
9. Repeat procedure for schematic 3
F. MEASURING DC CURRENT WITH DIGITAL MULTIMETER
meter’s front panel jack, labeled “Common”.
jack labeled “AMPS” or “mA”.
3. Calculate the value of current that will flow in the circuit depicted
in schematic 1. Place the function switch on a high enough scale
to measure calculated current.
4. Connect the circuit shown in schematic 1. Connect the read lead
to the bottom end of the 100 ohm resistor in schematic 1, and the
black lead to “-“ end of the battery.
5. Observe the reading on the DMM meter face.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 for schematic 2.
G. VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS WITH THE VOM
1. Insert the banana plug in of the black test into the meter’s from
panel jack, labeled “Common”. On some meters this jack maybe
labeled “-”.
2. Insert the banana plug in of the red test lead into the front panel
jack labeled “+”. On some meters this jack maybe labeled
“Volts/Ohms”.
exactly aligned with the 0 on the left side of the meter face.
4. If the pointer is not aligned properly, adjust the mechanical
zero with a small screw driver. Be certain to use care with this
adjustment, since this is rather an easily damaged part.
5. Place the function switch on a high enough scale to measure 1.5
volts. This varies from meter to meter, and will depend on the make
and model of your meter.
6. Connect the red lead to “+” and of the D battery, and the black lead
to “-” and of the battery.
7. Observe the reading of the VOM meter face. Record the reading.
8. Repeat the procedure for the C cell, and record the results in
the blanks indicated.
9. Place the function switch on a high enough scale to allow a reading
of at least 9 volts.
10. Repeat the procedure for the transistor radio battery, and record
the results in the blanks indicated.
H. VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS WITH A DIGITAL MULTIMETER
1. Insert the black test lead of the digital multimeter into the
“common -” test jack.
2. Insert the banana plug end of the red test lead into the front
panel jack labeled “+”.
3. Place the function switch on a high enough scale to measure 1.5
volts.
4. Connect the red lead to “+” end of the D battery, and black lead “-”
end of the battery. Reversing the test leads will result in a “-”
reading on the meter.
5. Observe the reading on the DMM meter face.
6. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the C cell.
7. Place the function switch on a scale that will allow reading of at
least 9 volts, if the presence scale will not handle 9 volts.
8. Measure the voltage across the terminals of the 9 volt battery.
TASK SHEET 3.2-1
Title: Reading Linear Measurements

Performance Objective: Given a ruler and protractor, measure the length,
width, height and distance of a hole from edge to center and the opening of
angle as indicated in the drawing below. Use both the English and Metric
system. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.

Supplies/Materials
 Ruler
 Protractor
Equipment : None
Steps/Procedure:
1. Given a ruler and protractor, measure the length, width, height and
distance of a hole from edge to center and the opening of angle as
indicated in the drawing below. Use both the English and Metric
system. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.
Assessment Method:
Performance Criteria Checklist

Performance Checklist 3.2-1
CRITERIA Yes NO
Did the trainee:

Prepared the necessary tools and materials
Measured the length, width, height and distance
correctly
Used both the English and Metric system
Wrote your answers on another sheet of paper

TASK SHEET 3.2-2
Title: Measuring the Resistance of Resistors

Performance Objective: Given 5 assorted carbon resistors and a multi-
tester, measure the resistance of each resistor.
Supplies/Materials
 5 assorted resistors
 Multi-tester
Equipment : None
Steps/Procedure:
1. Set the pointer of the tester to infinity using zero connector.

2. Turn the selector knob to the desired range in the ohmmeter
for easy and accurate reading
3. Short the two test prods and adjust the pointer to zero ohm
using the zero ohm adjuster.
4. Connect one test prod to one terminal lead of the resistor
5. Connect the other test prod to one terminal of the resistor.
Note: Connection in step 5 must be touched by bare hands.
The body resistance is always included in the measurement
especially in high resistance resistor.
6. Read the measurement in the ohmmeter scale and multiply it with
the equivalent of the minor division. After computing, record the
reading in a separate sheet of paper
First Resistor
Second Resistor
Third Resistor
Fourth Resistor
Fifth Resistor
Assessment Method:

CRITERIA Yes NO
Did the trainee:

1. Set the pointer of the tester to infinity using zero
connector.
2. Turn the selector knob to the desired range in the
ohmmeter for easy and accurate reading
3. Short the two test prods and adjust the pointer to zero
ohm using the zero ohm adjuster.
4. Connect one test prod to one terminal lead of the
resistor
5. Connect the other test prod to one terminal of the
resistor. Note: Connection in step 5 must be
touched by bare hands. The body resistance is
always included in the measurement especially
in high resistance resistor.
6. Read the measurement in the ohmmeter scale and
multiply it with the equivalent of the minor division.
After computing, record the reading in a separate
sheet of paper
TASK SHEET 3.2-3

Title: Measuring AC Voltage
Performance Objective: Given an AC voltmeter and power transformer,

with multiple output, measure the AC voltage at the different test points using
the diagram below as a guide. Record the measurement on another sheet of
paper.
Supplies/Materials
 Power transformer with multiple outputs
 Multi-tester
Equipment : None
Steps/Procedure:
1. Set the pointer of the tester to infinity using the zero connector. Note:
this is only done if the pointer of the tester is not at infinity.
2. Turn the selector knob to the desired range in the ACV for easy and
accurate reading. Note: The desired range must be always higher than
the voltage to be measured to avoid damage in the tester. This means
that if the voltage to be measured is about 6 volts, the range must be 10
V AC.
3. Connect the two test prods of the tester to the designated test points.
Note: Do not hold the metal part of the test prods to avoid electrocution
or shock.
4. Read the measurement in the ACV scale and multiply it by the
equivalent of the minor division. Record the measurement on another
sheet of paper.
Assessment Method:
CRITERIA Yes NO
Did the trainee:

1. Set the pointer of the tester to infinity using the zero
connector. Note: this is only done if the pointer of
the tester is not at infinity.
2. Turn the selector knob to the desired range in the
ACV for easy and accurate reading. Note: The
desired range must be always higher than the voltage
to be
measured to avoid damage in the tester. This means
that if the voltage to be measured is about 6 volts, the
range must be 10 V AC.
3. Connect the two test prods of the tester to the
designated test points. Note: Do not hold the metal
part of the test prods to avoid electrocution or shock.
4. Read the measurement in the ACV scale and multiply
it by the equivalent of the minor division. Record the
measurement on another sheet of paper.
TASK SHEET 3.2-4

Title: Measuring DC Voltage
Performance Objective: Given a DC voltmeter and an AC-DC converter,

measure the DC voltage at the designated test points. Record the
measurements on another sheet of paper
Supplies/Materials
 AC-DC converter
 Multi-tester
Equipment : None
Steps/Procedure:
1. Check if the pointer is set at infinity. If not, set it to infinity by using zero
corrector.
2. Turn the selector knob to the desired range. Note: The desired range
must be always higher than the expected voltage.
3. Connect the negative test prod (black) to the negative (ground) of
the circuit and the positive test prod (red) to the designated test
points as labeled in the circuit.
4. Read the measurement in the DCV scale. Disconnect the test prods.
Multiply the reading in the minor division by the equivalent of the
minor division
5. Record the measurements on another sheet of paper.
Electronic Products
Assembly and
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
SYSTEM.
Developed by:
Assessment Method:

CRITERIA Yes NO
Did the trainee:

1. Check if the pointer is set at infinity. If not, set it to
infinity by using zero corrector.
2. Turn the selector knob to the desired range. Note: The
desired range must be always higher than the
expected voltage.
3. Connect the negative test prod (black) to the
negative (ground) of the circuit and the positive test
prod (red) to the designated test points as labeled in
the circuit.
4. Read the measurement in the DCV scale. Disconnect
the test prods. Multiply the reading in the minor
division by the equivalent of the minor division
Electronic Products
Assembly and
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
SYSTEM.
Developed by:
TASK SHEET 3.2-5
Title: Measuring DC mA Current
Performance Objective: Given a DC mA (multi-tester) and a simple

electronic circuit, measure the DC mA at the designated test points using the
attached schematic diagram as a guide. Record the reading on another sheet of
paper.
Supplies/Materials
 simple electronic circuit
 Multi-tester
Equipment : None
Steps/Procedure:
1. Check if the pointer is set at infinity. If not, set it to infinity by using zero
corrector.
2. Turn the selector knob to the desired range in the DC mA.
3. To measure the collector current of the circuit, connect the negative test
prods to point A and the positive test prods to point B
5. Multiply the reading by the equivalent of the minor division.
6. Record the measurement in the attached record sheet.
7. To measure the total current in the circuit, connect the negative
test prod to point C and the positive test prod to point D.
Multiply the reading in the minor division by the equivalent of the
minor division.
9. Record the measurement on another sheet of paper.
Electronic Products
Assembly and
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
SYSTEM.
Developed by:
Assessment Method:

CRITERIA Yes NO
Did the trainee:

1. Check if the pointer is set at infinity. If not, set it to
infinity by using zero corrector.
2. Turn the selector knob to the desired range. Note: The
desired range must be always higher than the
expected voltage.
3. Connect the negative test prod (black) to the
negative (ground) of the circuit and the positive test
prod (red) to the designated test points as labeled in
the circuit.
4. Read the measurement in the DCV scale. Disconnect
the test prods. Multiply the reading in the minor
division by the equivalent of the minor division
Electronic Products
Assembly and
Servicing NC II
ISAT QA
SYSTEM.
Developed by:
MAINTAIN MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
LEARNING
OUTCOME #3
CONTENTS:
 Using appropriate instruments tools to avoid damage.
 Proper procedure in cleaning up the workplace before and after using
 Identifying the proper storage of the instruments to be kept that met
the manufacturer’s specifications and standard to avoid damage in
mismatching.
1. Measuring instruments not dropped to avoid damage.
2. Measuring instruments cleaned before and after using.
3. Proper storage of instruments undertaken according to the
manufacturer’s specifications and standard operating
procedures.
CONDITION:
 Straight edge
 Steel rule
 Displacement
 Inside diameter
 Outside diameter
 Thickness
 Taper
 Out of roundness
EVALUATION METHOD:
 Hands-on
Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 3
MAINTAIN MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

1. Read Information If you have some problem on the content of
Sheet 3.3-1 Proper the information sheets don’t hesitate to
Handling Of Measuring approach your facilitator.
Instrument If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheets,
you can now answer Self Check provided
in the module.
2. Answer Self-Check for Compare your answer to the answer key
3.3-1 3.3-1. If you got 100% correct answer in
this self-check, you can now take the
competency evaluation. If not review the
information sheet and go over the self-
check again.
PROPER HANDLING OF MEASURING INSTRUMENT
To ensure that the meter is used safely, follow all the safety and
operating instructions.
1. Never use meter on the electric circuit that exceeds 3k VA.
2. Pay extra attention when measuring the voltage of AC30 Vrms
(42.5V peak) or DC60V or more to avoid injury.
3. Never apply an input signals exceeding the maximum rating input
value.
4. Never use meter for measuring the line connected with equipment
(i.e. motors) that generates induced or surge voltage since it may
exceed the maximum allowable voltage.
5. Never use meter if the meter or test leads are damaged o broken.
6. Never use uncased meter
7. Be sure to use a fuse of the special rating or type. Never use a
substitute of the fuse or never make a short circuit of the fuse.
8. Always keep your fingers behind the finger guards on the probe
when making measurements.
9. Be sure to disconnect the test pins from the circuit when changing
the function or range.
10. Before starting the measurements, make sure that the function
and range are properly set in accordance with the measurement.
11. Never use meter with wet hands or in a damp environment.
12. Never use test leads other than the specified test leads.
13. Never open the tester case except when replacing batteries or
fuses. Do not attempt any alteration of original specifications.
14. To ensure safety and maintain accuracy, calibrate and check the
meter at least once a year.
15. It is a good idea to set the ammeter to the highest scale, until it
can be verified that the current is small enough to be safely read on
a lower scale; then reduce range to obtain reading.
16. Although the voltages you will be measuring have a very low
voltage, you are building habits to be used later with high voltage
circuitry. Do not allow your fingers to come in contact with the metal
probes on the meter.
17. Even though the output of the DC power supply is below 50
volts, you are developing safety habits that you will use with
higher, more dangerous voltages. Exercise caution in taking
voltage measurements to prevent from electrocution.
18. Even though the voltage across the resistors is very low, observe all
safety precautions for higher voltage circuits. Remember that you
are developing habits with low voltage circuits that you will use with
higher voltage circuits.
19. Be absolutely certain before energizing the power supply, that the
ammeter is connected in series with the circuit to be tested.
Ammeters should never be connected in parallel with a component.
To do so will cause the component to be short circuited through the
ammeter, and may damage the meter or circuit, or the power
supply. If you have any doubt, ask your teacher.
20. The ohmmeter is never used in a circuit with power applied. To
do so can damage the meter.
21. Remember that the ohmmeter should never be used in a circuit
that has power applied to it. Always turn off the power supply and
disconnect the leads from the circuit before measuring the
resistance in the circuit.
22. Always discharge a capacitor before handling it or before
troubleshooting the circuit it is installed in.
23. A transformer is an inductive device. As with all such devices, high
transient voltages can be generated by the transformer when it is
turned off. This is sometimes referred to as “kick-back”. Meters
should be set to high ranges or removed before powering the down
the circuit.
24. Be cautious of transient (kick-back) voltages generated by this
circuit while turning off. Meters should never be removed or set to
high ranges while doing so.
25. Be cautious of transient (kick-back) voltages that may be generated
by the coil when empowering down the circuit. Meters should be set
to high ranges before turning off this circuit.
26. Capacitors are capable of storing voltages for long periods of
time after being removed from the source. Make sure capacitors
are discharged before handling.
REPLACING THE FUSE
If an overload above lighting voltage (about 100V) is applied to DCA, and

 ranges, the fuse is blown to protect the circuit.
1. Loosen the screws fixing the rear case and remove it.
2. Pull the fuse out of holder on the circuit board and replace it.
3. Put back the rear case where it was and tighten the screws.
4. Check and see whether or not indications of respective ranges
are normal (check other parts for any failures).
CLEANING PRECAUTIONS
1. The measuring instrument cover is treated with antistatic

coating. Do not wipe it hard or clean it with volatile solvent. Use a
soft brush to remove dust.
2. Clean the measuring instrument before and after using.
PROPER STORAGE
1. Avoid giving the tester any exercise shock or vibration by loading

it on the motorbike and the like.
2. Keep off dust and moisture from the tester.
3. Do not leave the tester for a long time in places of a high
temperature (higher than 55°C) a high humidity (higher than 80%),
and dew condensation.
SELF-CHECK 3.3-1
General Direction: Write your answer on another sheet of paper.
I. Directions: Write true if the statement is correct and false if

the statement is wrong.
1. Do not reverse the leads (polarity) on the analog meter because you
may bend the pointer and cause it to be inaccurate.
2. Be careful to observe polarity when measuring DC.
3. Be certain the function switch is properly set (i.e. DC, AC, volts,
amperes, milliamperes, resistance).
4. When measuring an unknown voltage, always start at the highest
range available on the meter. Lower the range until the meter reading
is approximately in the center of the scale.
5. Always connect voltmeters in parallel with the potential difference
being measured.
6. Multimeters should be stored in the highest DC range when not in
use. This is a safety precaution to protect the meter. If someone tries
to measure voltage while the range switch is set too low or on a
resistance range, the meter will be damaged.
7. Use the proper function, range and polarity to protect the meter.
8. Never connect an ammeter into a circuit when the power switch is on.
9. Always be certain that the ammeter is inserted in series.
10. Be certain that the range is high enough for the current being measured.
If the current to be measured is unknown, start at the highest range
and work down until the meter reads approximately in the center of the
range.
11. Observe proper polarity when measuring DC, especially when using
an analog meter.
12. Turn the power off when measuring resistance.
13. Reset the range switch to the highest voltage range when you have
finished making resistance measurements.
14. Never measure resistance with the power on.
15. The measuring instrument cover is treated with antistatic coating.
Do not wipe it hard or clean it with volatile solvent. Use a soft brush
to remove dust.
17. Avoid giving the tester any exercise shock or vibration by loading it on
the motorbike and the like.
19. Do not leave the tester for a long time in places of high temperature
(higher than 55°C) high humidity (higher than 80%), and dew
condensation.
20. Replace the same voltage and current ratings of fuse, when
replacing .burned-out or defective fuse of measuring instrument.
II. Direction: Select the item that will complete the statement or
will answer the question. Write your answers on another sheet of
paper.
1. In order to measure current an ammeter must be connected :

a. across a switch c. across a source or a load.
b. directly into a circuit d. None of the above
2. To measure voltage a voltmeter must be connected:
a. across a source or load c. directly into a circuit
b. across a switch d. None of the above
3. Before installing an ammeter into a circuit it is necessary first to:
a. check to see if the ammeter can withstand the current.
b. de-energize the circuit
c. refer to the schematic to see where the ammeter is to be installed.
d. all of the above
4. Proper way of cleaning measuring instrument should be:
a. Once a month c. After using
b. Before using d. Before and after
5. The best way to clean measuring instrument is to:
a. Use a soft brush to remove dust
b. Use dampen cloth with plain water
c. Use dampen cloth with cleaning solvent
d. Use dampen cloth with volatile solvent or cleaning solution
6. The proper way of storing measuring instrument is to:
a. Keep off dust and moisture from the measuring instrument
b. Place the measuring instrument to an area near the strong
magnetic fields
c. Store the measuring instrument to an area susceptible to
corrosion and dirt
d. Place the measuring instrument to an area with extreme heat
or temperature
7. The best way to store measuring instrument is to:
a. avoid giving it any excessive shock or vibration by loading it on the
motorbike and the like.
b. place it in an area with strong magnetic fields.
c. store it in an area with corrosion and dirt
d. store it in an area with extreme heat or temperature.
8. Safety measure in storing measuring instrument:
a. Do not leave it for a long time in places of high temperature.
b. Place it in an area near the strong magnetic fields.
c. Store it in an area susceptible to corrosion and dirt.
d. Place it in an area with extreme heat or temperature.
9. When measuring unknown AC voltage, set the meter to:
a. rx10k c. 1000V DC
b. 1000V AC d. highest DC milliammeter range.
10. When measuring unknown DC voltage, set the meter to the highest:
a. ohmmeter range. c. DC range.
b. AC range. d. AC/DC milliammeter range .
ANSWER KEY TO SELF-CHECK 3.3-1
I II
1. TRUE 1. A
2. TRUE 2. A
3. TRUE 3. B
4. TRUE 4. D
5. TRUE 5. A
6. TRUE 6. A
7. TRUE 7. A
8. TRUE 8. A
9. TRUE 9. B
10. TRUE 10. C
11. TRUE
12. TRUE
13. TRUE
14. TRUE
15. TRUE
16. TRUE
17. TRUE
18. TRUE
19. TRUE
20. TRUE
ASSESSMENT PLAN
INSTITUTIONAL EVALUATION
TRAINEES NAME
FACILATATORS NAME
QUALIFICATION CONSUMER ELECTRONICS SERVICING NC II
PROJECT-BASED PERFORMING MENSURATION AND CALCULATION

ASSESSMENT
UNIT OF PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
COMPETENCY
COVERED
Witten Test
Demonstration
Interview
Ways in which evidence will be collected:
[tick the column]
The evidence must show that the candidate……

1. Identified object or component to be measured X x
2. Obtained correct specifications obtained from relevant source X x
3. Selected measuring tools in line with job requirements X x
4. Selected appropriate measuring instrument to achieve x
X
required outcome.
5. Obtained accurate measurements for job. X
6. Performed calculation needed to complete work tasks using x
the four fundamentals operations (addition, subtractions, X X
multiplication and division)
7. Used calculation involving fractions, percentages, and mixed
x
numbers to complete workplace tasks.
8. Read Instruments to the limit of accuracy of the tool. X
9. Cleaned measuring instruments before and after using. X
NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency

DEMONSTRATION CHECKLIST
TRAINEE’S NAME
TRAINER’S NAME
QUALIFICATION CONSUMER ELECTRONICS SERVICING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY PREPARE AND INTERPRET
COVERED TECHNICAL DRAWING
DATE OF EVALUATION
TIME OF EVALUATION
INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEMONSTRATION
Given the necessary materials, tools and equipment, the trainee must be able to
perform the following within four (2) hours
1. Measuring AC Voltage
2. Measuring DC Voltage
3. Measuring DC mA Current
Materials & Equipment Pencil, Bond paper, Eraser, Ruler, Triangle.

Observation: / to show if
evidence is
demonstrated
Yes No N/
A
1. Identified object or component to be measured
2. Obtained correct specifications obtained from relevant source
3. Selected measuring tools in line with job requirements
4. Selected appropriate measuring instrument to achieve
required outcome.
5. Obtained accurate measurements for job.
6. Performed calculation needed to complete work tasks using the
four fundamentals operations (addition, subtractions, multiplication
and division)
7. Used calculation involving fractions, percentages, and mixed
numbers to complete workplace tasks.
8. Read Instruments to the limit of accuracy of the tool.
9. Cleaned measuring instruments before and after using.
INTERVIEW QUESTION CHECKLIST
QUESTIONS Satisfactory
response
YES NO
1. Explain Basic Arithmetic Operations
2. What Is Commutative Law?
Feedback to the Candidate:
The trainee’s overall performance was:
Satisfactory Not
Satisfactory
Trainee’s Signature Date
Facilitator signature Date

Witten Test:
I. Directions: Write true if the statement is correct and false if

the statement is wrong.
1. Do not reverse the leads (polarity) on the analog meter because you
may bend the pointer and cause it to be inaccurate.
2. Be careful to observe polarity when measuring DC.
3. Be certain the function switch is properly set (i.e. DC, AC, volts,
amperes, milliamperes, resistance).
4. When measuring an unknown voltage, always start at the highest
range available on the meter. Lower the range until the meter reading
is approximately in the center of the scale.
5. Always connect voltmeters in parallel with the potential difference
being measured.
6. Multimeters should be stored in the highest DC range when not in
use. This is a safety precaution to protect the meter. If someone tries
to measure voltage while the range switch is set too low or on a
resistance range, the meter will be damaged.
7. Use the proper function, range and polarity to protect the meter.
8. Never connect an ammeter into a circuit when the power switch is on.
9. Always be certain that the ammeter is inserted in series.
10. Be certain that the range is high enough for the current being measured.
If the current to be measured is unknown, start at the highest range
and work down until the meter reads approximately in the center of the
range.
11. Observe proper polarity when measuring DC, especially when using
an analog meter.
12. Turn the power off when measuring resistance.
13. Reset the range switch to the highest voltage range when you have
finished making resistance measurements.
14. Never measure resistance with the power on.
15. The measuring instrument cover is treated with antistatic coating.
Do not wipe it hard or clean it with volatile solvent. Use a soft brush
to remove dust.
17. Avoid giving the tester any exercise shock or vibration by loading it on
the motorbike and the like.
19. Do not leave the tester for a long time in places of high temperature
(higher than 55°C) high humidity (higher than 80%), and dew
condensation.
20. Replace the same voltage and current ratings of fuse, when replacing
burned-out or defective fuse of measuring instrument.
II. Direction: Select the item that will complete the statement or
will answer the question. Write your answers on another sheet of
paper.
1. In order to measure current, an ammeter must be connected:

a. across a switch c. across a source or a load.
b. directly into a circuit d. None of the above
2. To measure voltage a voltmeter must be connected:

a. across a source or load c. directly into a circuit
b. across a switch d. None of the above
3. Before installing an ammeter into a circuit it is necessary first to:

a. check to see if the ammeter can withstand the current.
b. de-energize the circuit
c. refer to the schematic to see where the ammeter is to be installed.
d. all of the above
4. Proper way of cleaning measuring instrument should be:

a. Once a month c. After using
b. Before using d. Before and after
5. The best way to clean measuring instrument is to:

a. Use a soft brush to remove dust
b. Use dampen cloth with plain water
c. Use dampen cloth with cleaning solvent
d. Use dampen cloth with volatile solvent or cleaning solution
6. The proper way of storing measuring instrument is to:

a. Keep off dust and moisture from the measuring instrument
b. Place the measuring instrument to an area near the strong
magnetic fields
c. Store the measuring instrument to an area susceptible to
corrosion and dirt
d. Place the measuring instrument to an area with extreme heat
or temperature
7. The best way to store measuring instrument is to:

a. avoid giving it any excessive shock or vibration by loading it on the
motorbike and the like.
b. place it in an area with strong magnetic fields.
c. store it in an area with corrosion and dirt
d. store it in an area with extreme heat or temperature.
8. Safety measure in storing measuring instrument:
a. Do not leave it for a long time in places of high temperature.
b. Place it in an area near the strong magnetic fields.
c. Store it in an area susceptible to corrosion and dirt.
d. Place it in an area with extreme heat or temperature.
9. When measuring unknown AC voltage, set the meter to:

a. rx10k c. 1000V DC
b. 1000V AC d. highest DC milliammeter range.
10. When measuring unknown DC voltage, set the meter to the highest:
a. ohmmeter range. c. DC range.
b. AC range. d. AC/DC milliammeter range .
COMPETENCY EVALUATION RESULT SUMMARY
TRAINEES NAME
FACILITATORS NAME
QUALIFICATION CONSUMER ELECTRONICS SERVICING
NC II
DATE OF EVALUATION
TIME OF EVALUATION
The Performance of the Trainee in the Satisfactory Not
following assessment methods [ Please Satisfactory
Tick appropriate box]
A. Written Exam
B. Interview
Facilitator
C. Demonstration
Did the trainees overall performance

meet the required evidences/standards?
Recommendation
For re-evaluation
Qualified to take the Next Competency
General comments [Strengths/Improvement Needed]
Trainee’s Signature Date:
Facilitator’s Signature: Date:

ANSWER KEY
I II
1. TRUE 1. A
2. TRUE 2. A
3. TRUE 3. B
4. TRUE 4. D
5. TRUE 5. A
6. TRUE 6. A
7. TRUE 7. A
8. TRUE 8. A
9. TRUE 9. B
10. TRUE 10. C
11. TRUE
12. TRUE
13. TRUE
14. TRUE
15. TRUE
16. TRUE
17. TRUE
18. TRUE
19. TRUE
20. TRUE
INTERVIEW ANSWER KEY
1.
There are four basic operations in arithmetic: addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division. However, subtraction is the
inverse of addition, and division is the inverse of multiplication.
Therefore, the laws of arithmetic are defined only for addition and
multiplication. There are two types of laws that apply to addition and
multiplication.
2.
The first type of law is the commutative law. This law says that it
makes no difference in what order two numbers are added or multiplied.
For example,
3 + 7 = 7 + 3 = 10 and 3 x 5 = 5 x 3 = 15
For any two numbers a and b the commutative laws are,
therefore, a + b = b + a
axb = b x a
Observe, however, that subtraction and division are not commutative:
7 - 3 is not equal to 3 - 7
2 + 6 is not equal to 6 + 2

CBLM Mensuration and Calculation

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CBLM Mensuration and Calculation

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COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

ISABELA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND TRADES

Welcome to the Module “Performing Mensuration and Calculation”.

The unit of competency “Perform Mensuration and Calculation” contains

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

If you can demonstrate competence to your Trainer in a particular skill, talk to

This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in

Apply quality standards Applying quality

ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY AND

Learning Outcome 1 SELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

Learning Activities Special Instructions

2. Answer the self check 3.1-1 Compare your answer to the

COMMONLY USED MEASURING TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS

Component Function of Component

A steel rule – an instrument used in geometry,

Push-Pull Rule – a step of steel marked off in inches

A protractor – a circular or semicircular tool for

A sliding bevel – a simple hand tool made up of a

Combination square - is a tool used for multiple

Analog multimeters are sometimes referred to as

Digital multimeters are usually referred to as

There are two systems of linear measurement used in electronic

How to Read the Linear Measurements in the English System

How to Read the Linear Measurements in the Metric System

The first graduation is 1 millimeter or 1mm. For every graduation the

Ohmmeter Ranges Minor divisions and their

The needle of the meter points

How to read the scale

Figure 2. ACVoltage Scale

How to read the measured voltage

RANGE MAJOR MINOR

How to read the measured voltage

RANGE MAJOR MINOR

How to read the DC mA scale

SPECIFYING THE MEASURING TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS

TOOLS TYPE LENGTH/ MANUFACTURER

General Specification (VOM)

General Direction: Write your answers on another sheet of paper. Do not

I. Identify the following measuring tools and instruments.

The Ohmmeter Scale

ANSWER KEY TO SELF-CHECK 3.1-1

II. OHMMETER SCALE

LO :1 Learning Outcome 1 Carry Out Measurements And Calculation

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Task Sheet 3.2-3: Measuring AC

A. COMMON MATHEMATICAL PREFIXES

COMMON MATHEMATICAL PREFIXES

1. 4 GHz (x 1, 000, 000, 000) = 4, 000, 000, 000 Hz

2. CONVERSION OF STANDARD UNIT INTO MULTIPLE UNITS

1. 3,300  (÷ 1,000) = 3.3 K

3. CONVERSION OF SUB-MULTIPLES INTO STANDARD UNITS

4. CONVERSION OF STANDARD UNITS INTO SUB –MULTIPLES UNITS

1. 0.000050 V (X 1,000) = 0.050 mV

5. CONVERSION OF SUB-MULTIPLES UNITS TO ANOTHER SUB-

1. 0.18 mA (X 1000) = 180 A

6. CONVERSION OF UNITS (ENGLISH TO METRIC AND VISE-VERSA)

Ohm’s law stated as:

1. The mathematical formula that represents this statement is:

Any mathematical formula, or equation, can be rearranged to solve for a

3. The Ohm’s Law Triangle

If you have trouble remembering the

1. The Power Formula