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14. Elementary First Aid

Course Framework
1. Aims
This model course aims to meet the mandatory minimum requirements for seafarers for familiarization,
basic safety training and instruction in accordance with section A-VI/1 of the STCW code.

2. Objective
Objectives
ectives
Due to the vastly different environment on a ship as compared to ashore, this course is designed to
prepare new recruits for a kife at sea. Working on a ship can be hazardous occupation for the uninitiated.
This course will give new seafarers an insight into the various elements of a ship and working procedures
on board so that they adjust to the shipboard environment, and are better prepared to cope with any
unforeseen circumstances. To that extent this course is planned to make their transition from a shore to a
sea career smooth and give some knowledge of ship’s working betore they actually step on board a ship.
A trainee successfully completing this course will be able to:
- comply with emergency procedures
- take precautions to prevent pollution of the marine environment
- observe safe working practices
- understand orders and be understood in relation to shipboard duties
- contribute to effective human relationships on board ship

3. Entry standards
There are no specific entry standards for the training in this model course. The training is mandatoty for
all prospective seafarers, who should complete this basic training before being assigned to any shipboard
duties.

4. Course certificate
On successful completion of the course and demonstration of competence, a certificate may be issued
certifying that the holder has met the standard of competence specified in table A-VI/1-4 of STCW.
Such a certificate may be issued only by centres approved by the administration.

5. Course intake limitations

The maximum number of trainees attending each session will depend on the availability of instructors,
equipment and facilities available for conducting the training. The number should not, at any time, exceed
that which will allow sufficient opportunity for each trainee to have adequate practical instruction in
procedures for the proper use of systems and equipment.

6. Staff requirements
The instructor shall have appropriate training in instructional techniques and training methods
(STCW Code section A-I/6, parag.7)
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7. Training facilities and equipment

Ordinary classroom facilities and an overhead projector are required for the lectures. In addition, when
making use of audiovisual material such as videos or slides, ot should be ensured that appropriate
equipment is available.

Course Outline
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

Course Outline Approximate Time (Hours)

Knowledge, understanding and survival Lectures, demonstrations and practical
work
1. Observe safe working practices
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Importance of the course
1.3 Ship familiarization
1.4 Nature of shipboard hazards
1.5 Groups the equipment provided on counter these hazards
1.6 Use and demonstration of PPE
1.7 List operations that take place on which can be hazardous
1.8 Loading and unloading of cargoes
1.9 Mooring and unmooring
1.10 Enclosed spaces
1.11 Hot work
1.12 Working aloft
1.13 Engine-room watch keeping and maintenance 3.0
2. Contribute to effective human relationships on board ship –
Human relationships on board ships
2.1 Interpersonal relationships
2.2 Team building
2.3 Tear work 2.0
3. Understand orders and be understood in relation to shipboard
duties
3.1 Fundamentals of communication
3.2 Methods of communication
3.3 Barriers in communication
3.4 Effective transmission skills
3.5 Effective listening skills
3.6 Effects and consequences of wrong communication
3.7 Communication sum-up 3.0
4. Comply with emergency
4.1 Explains the term emergency
4.2 Drills and muster
4.3 Value and need of drills and training
Internal communication 2.0
5. Take precautions to prevent pollution of the marine envi
environment
ronment
5.1 Define the term pollution
5.2 Effects of operational pollution of the marine environment
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5.3 International measures for pollution prevention, pollution

avoidance and containment of pollutants
5.4 Pollution by sewage from ships
5.5 Pollution by garbage from ships
5.6 Control of oil discharge from machinery spaces and oil fuel tanks
5.7 Contents of Oil Record Book
5.8 Control of discharge of oil and special areas
5.9 Introduces the contents of Annex VI of MARPOL 2.0
6. Contribute to effective human relationships on board ship
(concluded)-
(concluded)-Social responsibilities
6.1 Rights and obligation of crew
6.2 Employment conditions, etc.
6.3 Drugs and alcohol
6.4 Health and hygiene on board
6.5 Summing up 2.0
TOTAL 14.0
Review and Assessment

Course Timetable – Example

DDey 1st period (1.5 hours)

hours) 2nd period (1.5 hours)
hours) 3 rd period (1.5 hours)
hours) 4 th period (1.5 hours)
hours)
(09.00-
(09.00-10.30 hrs)
hrs) (10.30-
(10.30-12.00 hrs)
hrs) (13.00-
(13.00-14.30 hrs)
hrs) (14.30-
(14.30-16.00 hrs)
hrs)
Dey 1 1. Observe safe 1. Observe safe working 2. Contribute to 2. Contribute to
working practices practices effective human effective human
relationships on board relationships on board
ship – Human ship – Human
relationships on board relationships on board
ships ships
MEAL BREAK 12.00-

3. Understand orders
and be understood in
relation to shipboard
duties
Dey 2 3. Understand orders 3. Understand orders 4. Comply with 5. Take precautions to
12.00-13.00

and be understood in and be understood in emergency prevent pollution of the

relation to shipboard relation to shipboard 5. Take precautions to marine environment
duties duties prevent pollution of the
4. Comply with marine environment
emergency
Dey 3 6. Contribute to 6. Contribute to
effective human effective human
relationships on relationships on board
board ship ship (concluded)-Social
(concluded)-Social responsibilities
responsibilities
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Detailed Teaching Syllabus

Personal Safety and Social Responsibilitiy

Learning objectives

Competence 1:: Comply with emergency procedures

Types of emergency which may occur, such as collision, fire, foundering

Knowledge of shipboard contingency plans for response to emergencies
Emergency signals and specific duties allocated to crew members in the muster list; muster stations; correct use of
personal safety equipment Action to take on discovering potential emergency, including fire, collision, foundering
and ingress of water into the ship
Action to take on hearing emergency alarm signals. Value of training and drills
Knowledge of escape routes and internal communication and alarm systems

Objectives
Objectives are:

1 Complies with established emergency response plans and procedures

2 Identifies emergency alarm signal

3. Takes correct action in given emergency drills

Competence 2: Take precautions to prevent pollution of the marine environment

Effects of operational or accidental pollution of the marine environment
Basic environmental protection procedures

Objectives are:

1 States that it is a legal requirement to protect the marine environment from pollution by ships

2 Describes the effects of operational or accidental marine pollution

3 Describes procedures adopted on board to minimize marine pollution

Competence 3: Observe safe working practices

Importance of adhering to safe working practices at all times

Safety and protective devices available to protect against potential hazards aboard ship
Precautions to be taken prior to entering enclosed spaces Familiarization with international measures concerning
accident prevention and occupational health

Objectives are:

1. Identifies safety hazards in given situations

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2. Selects the correct personal protective equipment for shipboard tasks

3. Adheres to procedures for entry into enclosed spaces

Competence 4: Understand orders and be understood in relation to shipboard duties

Ability to understand orders and to communicate with others in relation to shipboard duties

1 Understands and actions promptly orders commonly given on board ship

2 Communicates clearly and effectively with shipmates and those in authority

Competence 5: Contribute to effective human relationships on

on board ship

Importance of maintaining good human and working relationships aboard ship

Social responsibilities; employment conditions; individual rights and obligations; dangers of drug and alcohol abuse

Objectives are:

1. Describes the dangers of drug and alcohol abuse

2. Recognises the effects of drug and alcohol

3. Demonstrates a harmonious working relationship with other prospective seafarers

1. Observe safe working practices (3 hours)

1.1 Introduction
.1 states the aims and objectives of the course

1.2 Importance of the course

.1 states that working on ship is a hazardous occupation to which one is exposed as soon as one steps on board
.2 explains the necessity of understanding the hazards on board and equipment and procedures provided to
avoid the hazards

1.3 Ship familiarization

familiarization
.1 identifies likely hazards concerning:
- gangway and safety net
- main deck
- holds and hatches
- forecastle and poop deck
- windlass, anchors and winches
- cranes or derricks
- manifold and deck pipeline system (on a tanker)
- accommodation
- bridge
- engine-room
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Required performance:

1.4 Nature of shipboard hazards

.1 lists the various shipboard hazards as:
- slips, trips and falls due to slippery surfaces (oil, grease, garbage, water, ice, etc.) or obstructions
(pipelines, welding cables, lashing eyes, wires, ropes, etc.)
- head injuries due to low doorway entrances, overhead loads, falling equipment or material, etc.
- falls through open manholes, unfenced 'tween-decks, loose or missing gratings, etc.
- clothing, fingers, etc. getting caught in moving machinery such as grinding wheels, winch
drums, gears, flywheels, etc.
- burns from steam pipes, hot machinery, welding sparks, etc.

- eye injuries through chipping, welding, chemicals, etc.

- injuries and sliding/fall of unsecured equipment
due to ship movements in rough weather
- hazards of extreme weather
- lack of oxygen in confined spaces
- presence of hydrocarbon gas and toxic gases
- hazards of chemicals used on board
- fire
- collision/grounding/flooding/sinking
- pirates and stowaways

1.5 Groups the equipment provided on board to counter these hazards and lists the items in each group
.1 Personal protective equipment:
- helmet
- goggles
- gloves
- safety shoes
- dust masks and respirators
- protective clothing
- self-contained breathing apparatus

.2 Life-saving appliances:
- lifejackets
- lifebuoys
- liferafts
- lifeboats
- line-throwing apparatus
- EPIRBs and SARTs
- TPAs and immersion suits

.3 Fire-fighting appliances:
- fire hoses, nozzles, hydrants and fire main
- portable fire extinguishers
- fire axe
- fire-detecting system
- fixed extinguishing system

.4 Medical equipment:
- resuscitator stretcher
- medicines
- medical equipment
.5 Oil spill equipment:
- absorbent pads
- absorbent rolls
- chemical dispersant
- sawdust, brooms, dust pans, shovels and barrels

1.5 Use and demonstration of PPE

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.1 Head protection:
1 importance of the helmet
2 parts of the helmet and functions of each part
3 when to use the helmet
4 care of the helmet
.2 Gloves:
5 necessity for gloves
6 types of gloves and suitability of each type for different jobs
.3 Eye protection:
7 importance of eye protection
8 causes of injury to eye
9 types of eye protection and differentiation between them
.4 Ear protection:
10 danger of excessive noise
11 types of ear protection
.5 Respiratory protection:
12 need for respiratory protection
13 types of respiratory protection and suitability for use
14 description and checks prior to use of SCBA
.6 Safety footwear:
15 need for safety shoes
16 features of a safety shoe and differences from an ordinary shoe
.7 Safety harness

1.7 Lists operations that take place on board which can be hazardous to personnel or ship

loading/unloading of cargoes
mooring
working aloft
handling of chemicals
engine-room watchkeeping and maintenance lifting loads (manually and mechanically) entry into enclosed
spaces hot work
anti-piracy and stowaway operations

1.8 Loading and unloading of cargoes

.1 lists the various ship types as general cargo vessels, bulk carriers, container ships, ro-ro and car carriers, tankers,
chemical and gas carriers and passenger ships
.2 states that, in general, cargo vessels, bulk carriers and container ships cargo is lifted on and off the vessel by cranes
or derricks. Bulk cargo is poured into the ship's hold by conveyor belts

.3 states that the hazards on these vessels, in the holds and on the jetty alongside are mainly from overhead loads,
lifting gear and cargo handling equipment such as trucks and forklifts

.4 states that no unauthorized persons should be allowed into the working area

.5 states that all personnel should use the offshore side of the deck

.6 states that ro-ro ships and car carriers have several decks connected by ramps and cargo is driven on and off the
vessel and up to the various decks via the ramps
.7 states that cargo is driven at high speeds and any person standing in the way is likely to be run over

.8 states that in tankers, chemical carriers and gas carriers cargo is in the liquid state and is pumped into and out from
the ship through pipelines

.9 states that the main hazard is from gas, which could be flammable, toxic or could cause a lack of oxygen
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.10 states that personnel working on these types of vessels must have special knowledge of the hazards involved and
working procedures, which is covered in the tanker familiarization training course
.11 states that passenger ships also may carry cars or other, and includes ferries
.12 states that in addition to deck and engine-room staff, there may be a large number of cooks, waiters,
housekeeping staff, shop and other service assistants, entertainment, medical and religious attendants, etc. and that
personnel working on these ships must have a knowledge of crowd control, especially in emergency situations
1.9 Mooring and unmooring
.1 describes mooring as the tying up of a ship to a jetty, berth or pier

.2 states that the lines used to tie up the ship are known as mooring lines or mooring wires
.3 using a diagram, shows the disposition of headlines and stern lines, breastlines and backsprings

.4 states that mooring lines are extremely heavy synthetic lines around 100 mm diameter or more and wires too
are heavy around 50 mm diameter, depending on the size of the ship

.5 states that all mooring equipment - ropes, wires, heaving lines, stoppers, shackles, winches and windlass, etc. -
must be checked to be in good order and condition before the operation
.6 states that the ship is brought alongside by passing one or more lines ashore and heaving on these lines, using
the windlass and mooring winches
.7 states that these ropes and wires are risky to handle and can be extremely dangerous to those in the vicinity,
especially when under stress

.8 states that when the ropes or wires part under stress, they can cause a whiplash that can kill or dismember a
person

.9 states that persons engaged in mooring operations must be extremely careful and aware of the risks and stay
well clear of a rope or wire under tension
.10 states that this operation is more risky during strong winds, heavy seas or swell or rain or by the need for
speed
.11 states that persons should never stand in the bight of a rope or wire

. 12 states that the persons heaving the rope on the drum must hold it loosely and be ready to slacken it, should it
slip under tension
.13 states that mooring lines must be constantly checked and always maintained taut

.14 states that special attention must be paid when:

1 loading or unloading at a high rate
2 there is a large tidal range in the port or strong currents
there are strong winds or at berths exposed to sea
1.10 Enclosed spaces
spaces

.1 defines enclosed spaces as spaces where the ventilation is not kept running on a round-the-clock basis

.2 lists the possible enclosed spaces as forepeak tank, chain lockers, cofferdams, topside tanks, cargo tanks, ballast
tanks, duct keel, after peak tank, bunker tanks, etc.
.3 states that careless entry into such spaces has resulted in accidents, sometimes fatal, if the person is overcome
by a lack of breathable atmosphere or is injured and not rescued in time

.4 divides the hazards into:

3 atmospheric hazards and
4 physical hazards

.5 states that atmospheric hazards could result from:

- presence of hydrocarbon gas
- presence of toxic gas or
- deficiency in oxygen

.6 states that due to the presence of hydrocarbon gas, a toxicity

and flammability hazard arises
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.7 states that hydrocarbon vapours can be present due to:

- petroleum leakage
- retention in tank structure
- retention in pipeline
- disturbance of sludge/scale

.8 states that other gases, such as NO, N02 S02, CO, benzene, H2S,
etc., can be a toxic hazard

.9 states that these gases can evolve from cargo, ship's stores or
ship operations
.10 defines a toxic hazard as harmful or poisonous to the body
.11 defines Threshold Limit Value and states that such gases
should not be present in concentrations more than their TLVs
.12 states that the atmosphere may be rendered deficient in
oxygen due to the causes listed below:
- ingress of inert gas (in inerted tank or leakage
across from inerted tank into adjoining enclosed space)
- rusting
- paint drying
- hydrogen
- electrical cleaning fluids
- solvents/emulsifiers
- refrigerants
- burning
- flooding with C02 to fight a fire
- welding and gas cutting without proper ventilation
- running an internal combustion engine in a confined space
- decay of organic matter, e.g. vegetables, grain, fruits, etc.
. 13 states that oxygen deficiency can result in anoxia
.14 states that the symptoms commence with giddiness, breathlessness and unconsciousness and progress onto brain
damage causing memory loss, mental instability, paralysis, coma or death
.15 states that physical hazards could cause a person to be physically or even fatally injured
.16 states that physical hazards could include:
1. darkness
2. unsecured ladders
3. slippery surfaces
4. obstructions
5. unguarded openings
6. unsecured objects left from previous visit
7. flooding
8. getting trapped in accidentally

.17 states that the following precautions are to be followed prior to entry into enclosed spaces:
1. an enclosed space entry permit system must be strictly followed
2. the space is to be thoroughly ventilated and confirmed by testing of the atmosphere
3. there must be:
- sufficient oxygen to support life - 21%
- insufficient flammable gas for the purpose and
- toxic gas must be less than the TLV

.18 states that proper protective equipment - overalls, hard hat, safety shoes, etc. and approved torchlights, non-
sparking tools, etc. must be used

.19 states that vigilance and alertness must be exercised, the atmosphere must be monitored and all precautions
observed while the job is under way
.20 states that personnel must be cautioned against overconfidence or negligence
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.21 states that protective clothing and the workplace is to be cleaned up after the job is done and things left neat
and tidy
.22 discusses in brief the contents of an enclosed space entry permit
1.11 Hot work

.1 defines hot work as any work which generates heat or sparks of sufficiently high temperature or intensity to
ignite a flammable gas - air mixture

.2 lists welding, cutting, burning, heating, chipping and use of some power tools generating heat, open flame,
electric arc or continuous sparks as some examples of hot work
.3 lists the hot work hazards as fire, explosion, heat injuries, strong light injuries (ultraviolet light affecting eyes)
and shock injury to personnel
.4 groups the areas on board where hot work is carried out in ascending order of danger as:
1 engineer's workshop
2 engine-room
3 poop deck and accommodation
4 cargo area
.5 discusses in brief the contents of a hot work permit
1.12 Working aloft
1. describes working aloft as working at a height above the ground or deck where the primary hazard is of falling and
consequent injury
2. states that working overside can also be considered to be working aloft

.3 lists examples of various jobs aboard where working aloft is necessary, e.g.
1 painting bridge front bulkhead, masts, engine-room deckhead
2 cleaning or painting funnel
3 greasing, maintenance or repair of radar scanner, crane or derrick blocks and wires
4 chipping, painting, cleaning or inspecting tanks or holds
5 painting the ship side, underside of flying bridge wings, etc.

.4 lists the hazards of working aloft as:

6 falling from a height due to loss of balance, failure of ropes, etc.
7 injury due to falling material or equipment
8 bums due to contact with hot surfaces such as the funnel or steam from the whistle
9 emission of carbon dioxide or toxic gases from the funnel due to combustion, incineration, soot blowing, etc.
10 exposure to wind and cold
11 electric and radiation hazard due to proximity with radar scanners or radio aerials
.5 states that prior notice must be given to the responsible person concerned prior to commencement of work, e.g.
12 duty engineer when working in the vicinity of the funnel to refrain from soot blowing or incineration or to shut
off steam to the whistle when working near it
13 bridge watchkeeping officer when working near radar scanners
14 bridge watchkeeping officer or radio officer when working near radio aerials or satellite communication dome
15 chief officer when working on deck

.6 states that equipment whose operation is a hazard to the work is to be locked or tagged with the responsibilities
vested in a responsible officer

.7 states that these checks and procedures may be covered by a checklist or a permit-to-work system

.8 lists the equipment used for working aloft as

16 gantlines
17 safety lines
18 wooden stages or bosun's chairs
19 hooks and shackles
20 fall arrester
21 ladders, scaffolding, etc.
.9 states that this equipment should be stowed in a separate locker away from paints or chemicals
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.10 states that this equipment is not to be used for any other purpose except working aloft
.11 states that this equipment is to be checked every time prior to use by a person who is competent to detect faults
in wood and rope

.12 states that knots, hitches and turns should be correctly and carefully made to prevent slipping, especially when
synthetic ropes are used
13 states that stages or bosun's chairs should not be hoisted or lowered by winch

.14 states that anchoring points for safety lines or suspension points for gantlines should be strong and not subject to
movement

.15 states that ropes should not run over hot surfaces or sharp edges
.16 states that a safety net should be rigged whenever possible, especially under a free hanging stage

.17 states that stages should be secured against ship movement, especially if they are free hanging

.18 states that work aloft should not be carried out while the ship is moving violently in a seaway
.19 states that tools or materials should be passed in a bucket or by a rope and never thrown
.20 states that ladders should be used for climbing onto or from a stage, and not the ropes that suspend the stage
.21 states that rigid ladders should be placed on a firm base
.22 states that tools or equipment should be secured and not placed at the edge, where they can fall

.23 states that inexperienced persons or those under 18 years of age should not be sent to work aloft or overside
.24 states that work overside should not be carried out while the ship is under way

.25 states that, in addition to normal protective equipment, a buoyant vest or lifejacket should be worn

.26 states that lifebuoys with heaving line and light should be kept in readiness
5 bilges should be kept clean and dry
6 bottom platform gratings should never be left open unless the area is fenced and
warning signs are posted
7 access to fire-fighting equipment, escape routes and emergency exits should not be
obstructed by stores or equipment
states that safe working practices should include:
8 proper locking and tagging of machinery under repair to prevent inadvertent
starting
9 proper checks of equipment used for lifting or other purposes prior to use
10 proper calibration of test equipment
11 proper tests of enclosed spaces prior to entry
12 use of proper tools for the job and in the proper way

2 Contribute to effective human relationships RI -on board ship (2 hours)

hours)
2.1 Interpersonal relationships (IPR)
.1 states that good relationships make the life of all seafarers more comfortable, healthy and less prone to accidents
.2 describes the elements which help in better relationships like:
1. policies of company
2. function of shipboard management
3. clarity of responsibilities with reference to shipboard functions
4. structure and flow of authority
5. importance of understanding needs:
- individual needs
- ship needs
- company needs
- social needs

.3 states that everyone should respect each other's individuality, value, culture and purpose of work
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.4 states that open communication will enhance IPR

.5 states that shipboard environments demand better IPR from seafarers during both on-duty or off-duty hours
.6 describes methods to improve IPR on board evolved from:
1. introducing and understanding each other
2. commitment of senior officers
3. valuing of individual differences rather than maximizing weakness
4. fairness in dealing with personnel
5. true appraisals and reporting
6. discipline on board
2.2 Team building
building

.1 states that the shipboard operation is team work and effectiveness of it depends on effectiveness of the team
member
.2 states that team helps in better decision making
.3 describes:
1. team goals/aims/objectives
2. role of individual members
3. need of cohesiveness
.4 lists deterrents to team operation
.5 discusses deterrents such as:
1. distortion of aims
2. inflexible behaviour of members
3. groupism
4. status/ego problems
5. hidden agendas
6. communication problems
7. physical/environmental problems
8. handling of grievances/counselling
.6 describes each in short with reference to the shipboard environment
2.3 Team work
.1 explains that team work is essential on board for reasons such as:

- the shipping company comprises a number of small mobile

industrial units (the ship) which may at any particular
moment be distributed over large distances throughout the
world
- when making a voyage, the ship can undergo considerable
climatic changes, which may adversely affect personnel
- ships are operational for 24 hours each day, and the crew
must be organized in regulated shift system, such that the
people on board are well rested and fit for duty at all times
- the personnel on the ship must be organized to operate the
ship safely and effectively with numerous operations being
performed simultaneously, e.g.
- watchkeeping at sea and in port (navigation and machinery operation)
- cargo operations
■ maintenance of hull, machinery and equipment
- safety checks and drills, emergency actions
- repair/dry-docking
- stocking provisions, cooking food, housekeeping
- communication ship - shore - ship
- the crew must be able to operate with a high degree of responsibility and flexibility
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3 Understand orders and be understood in relation to shipboard duties (3 hours)

3.1 Fundamentals of communication

.1 states that good communication is the most essential element of safety and pollution prevention on board
.2 states that people's co-operation can be achieved by effective communication
.3 states that effective communication is the basic element for human survival
.4 states that language is a means of transmitting ideas, views, instructions, etc.

3.2 Methods of communication

.1 lists basic elements of communication as:
- sender
- receiver
- modes of transmission
- methods of transmission
- barriers to communication

- feedback

.2 states that feedback is essential in ship's communication .3 lists methods of communication

.4 classifies them under the following heads:

- verbal, e.g. reading, speaking, writing and any communication using words
- non-verbal, e.g. body language, sounds, gestures
- iconic, e.g. signs, figures, diagrams, pictures and photographs

.5 states that all three methods need to be effectively used on board for proper understanding
.6 states that verbal communication includes all communication pertaining to words, including reading, writing and
speaking
.7 states that body language and pictorial symbols are more powerful means of communication than verbal means
alone
3.3 Barriers in communication
.1 states that there are barriers in each step of the basic communication process
.2 lists the barriers as:
- transmitter's conceptualization stage
- transmitter's capability
- mode of transmission
- media of transmission
- receiver's capability
- receiver's understanding of the concept
- feedback stage
- receipt of feedback by transmitter
.3 demonstrates barriers at each of above
3.4 Effective transmission skills
.1 states that the effectiveness of communication lies primarily with the sender
.2 states that the sender should define the purpose of the particular communication
.3 explains the importance of time, place and person addressed in the context of initiating the communication
.4 states importance of language and vocabulary, e.g., examples of usage of maritime English
.5 states that understanding the different kinds of barriers in communication helps in better transmission
.6 states that the sender must be capable of effectively speaking, writing, acting, drawing and using available sound
signalling apparatus
.7 demonstrates above skills to the trainer
.8 describes that effectiveness of transmission can be checked by the feedback from the receiver
.9 describes that this responsibility lies with the sender
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3.5 Effective listening skills

.1 states that listening is the responsibility of the receiver
.2 explains difference of hearing versus listening
.3 demonstrates difference of hearing / listening
.4 states that understanding the various barriers of listening will improve listening capabilities
.5 states that there are internal and external barriers to listening and appreciating the effect of barriers on
listening described earlier
.6 describes that human beings are capable of speaking at a rate of 150 words per minute whereas they can listen
at a rate of about 1000 wpm
.7 states that this results in idle time of 850 wpm, which makes the mind wander
.8 states that ideally this idle time should be used for paraphrasing the body language and other signals from the
speaker

3.6 Effects and consequences of wrong

.1 states that a wrong communication can affect safety of life, property and the environment
.2 states that it causes human problems and problems in relationships on board
.3 states that improper communication causes stress, loss of time, loss of resources and even ship's profitability
.4 demonstrates cause / effect through an exercise

3.7 Communication sum-

sum-up
.1 states that effective communication creates the atmosphere conducive to safe working, happy living and
sociable relationship among fellow shipmates
.2 states that habits, values and attitudes can also be modified by effective communication and knowing the basics
of interpersonal relationships, learning skills and team skills

4 Comply with emergency procedures (2 hours)

4.1 Explains the term 'emergency'
.1 emphasizes an emergency being a situation of imminent danger:
1. of loss of life
2. of injury
3. of loss of or damage to property
4. of damage to environment
.2 emphasizes the need of immediate action in case of an emergency
.3 lists various emergencies which may occur on board ships:
1. fire
2. collision
3. grounding
4. foundering
5. man overboard
6. ingress of water
7. heavy weather
8. oil spill, etc.
.4 describes shipboard contingency plans for response to emergencies mentioned above

.5 states the alarm systems available on board ships and their locations:
1. ship general alarm
2. fire alarm
3. ship's whistle, etc.

.6 states the various emergency signals to indicate emergency situations

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4.2 Drills and muster

.1 describes general structure of muster lists:

1. specific duties allocated to crew members
2. division of crew in various squads and teams
3. muster station
4. emergency headquarters, etc.
.2 states action to be taken on hearing emergency alarm signals and discovering potential emergencies as
mentioned above:
1. attire yourself adequately and properly
2. go to muster station
3. find out nature of the emergency
4. take action as per muster list or duty list
4.3 Value and need of drills and training
.1 states three aspects of needs of drills and training, e.g.
1 regulatory or legislative needs, i.e. requirements of SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, ISM, etc.
2 operational need - to ensure correct and effective action, can only be achieved by regular and realistic drills
state of mind, e.g. on exposure to an emergency, all persons are affected and there is general dip or reduction in
performance. This dip in performance can only be compensated for by regular and realistic drills
4.4 Internal communication
.1 explains various internal communications in use on board ships - especially for emergency situations, e.g.
1 telephone
2 emergency powered or sound-operated phone
3 public address systems
4 lifeboat VHF
5 walkie-talkies
6 emergency alarms, etc.
.2 lists their location and operation
.3 describes probable location of emergency escape routes on board ships

.4 explains need of knowledge of number and locations of escape routes

5 Take precautions to prevent pollution of the marine environment (2 hours)

5.1 Define term 'pollution'

.1 explains pollution caused by human activities and nature lists main sources of marine pollution
states pollutants discharged or likely to be discharged by ships due to operational or accidental causes explains
causes resulting in marine pollution at sea by ships as a result of:
1 strandings and collisions
2 lightening operations
3 unchecked garbage and sewage disposal
4 tank cleaning, washing and line flushing
5 unchecked chemical disposal in bulk or packaged form
6 deballasting
5.2 Effects of operational or accidental pollution of the marine environment
.1 states impact of pollution on marine life and food chain
.2 explains hazards posed by chemical, sewage and garbage disposal
.3 explains hazards to human beings, animals and livelihood of human beings due to pollution of marine environment
5.3 International measures for pollution
pollution prevention, pollution avoidance and containment of pollutants
.1 briefly describes contents of MARPOL 73/78
.2 describes segregated ballast tanks
.3 describes double-hull design
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.4 describes reception facilities

.5 explains sewage disposal arrangements and garbage anagement plan / record book

.6 explains contents and purpose of the shipboard oil pollution emergency plan (SOPEP)
.7 describes garbage disposal arrangements and handling
.8 states shipboard organisation to deal with pollution
.9 describes interface between shipboard and shore organisations
.10 explains obligation to report pollution incidents

.11 states when to report pollution incidents

.12 states to whom to report pollution incidents

.13 describes structure of oil spill response team and assigned duties to officers and crew
.14 explains measures for control of oil spills
.15 describes shipboard response to oil spills due to various causes

. 16 explains importance of shipboard drills to deal with pollution of the marine environment
5.4 Pollution by sewage from ships
.1 defines what constitutes sewage
.2 explains prohibition on discharge of sewage and exceptions depending upon distance from nearest land
.3 defines comminuted and disinfected sewage, briefly gives details of holding tanks and approved sewage
treatment plant
5.5 Pollution by garbage from ships
. 1 defines what is garbage
.2 describes disposal of garbage outside special areas / prohibited zones Required performance:

5.6 Control of oil discharge from machinery tanks

.1 gives brief details of oily-water separating equipment and oil filling equipment MARPOL requirements

5.7 Contents of Oil Record Book

.1 states purpose of Oil Record Book .2 lists entries which are made in the Book

5.8 Control of discharge of oil and special areas

.1 gives details of special areas
.2 states requirements of regulation IX of MARPOL 73/78
.3 describes provisions of methods for the prevention of oil pollution from ships while operating in special areas

5.9 Introduces the contents of Annex VI of MARPOL

6. Contribute to effective
effective human relationships on board ship - social responsibility (2 hours)

6.1 Rights and obligations of crew

.1 states that each crew member has a social responsibility to his ship, himself, his colleagues, to the company, and to
the environment

.2 describes his rights, such as:

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1 right to his convictions

2 right to express his convictions
3 right to make a request of another as long as he can appreciate that the other has a right to say no
4 right to clarify communications to enhance interpersonal relationships
.3 describes his obligation towards employer
.4 states that shipping is a commercial entity and profit making is part of the operation
.5 states that the employee must discharge his duties sincerely to the fullest of his capabilities
.6 states that he should be responsible towards the three elements of the shipping operation, namely, company,
government and individual
.7 states that there is dignity in labour
.8 states that there are responsibilities towards:
5 obedience, respect, discipline and following orders of his superiors
6 abiding by company's policies as laid down in the safety manuals and rules and regulations
governing flag State requirements and other mandatory legislation
7 adhering to the safety and environment protection policy at all times and to assist fellow seamen in distress,
search and rescue operations and oil pollution mitigation operations
6.2 Employment conditions, etc
.1 describes the employment conditions such as:
1. employment contracts
2. his rights
3. national and international requirements

6.3 Drugs and

and alcohol
.1 states that there are international and national regulations against the use, carrying or distributing of any
drug or alcohol
.2 states that the punishment for above could be very, very severe
.3 describes some examples from recent reports
.4 describes dangers of drug and alcohol abuse:
1 how drugs and alcohol affect a human body - their harmful effects and some misconceptions
regarding alcohol providing heat to the body in cold climates
2 dangers of getting involved in drug trafficking/smuggling
3 company's drug and alcohol policy
4 narcotics and contraband search

.5 describes Port State, Flag State and other authorities' methods of detecting drug/alcohol consumed
6.4 Health and hygiene on board
.1 states that it is a moral responsibility of all on board to observe hygiene and promote good health
.2 states that cleanliness and good housekeeping is fundamental to good health
.3 states that ship's personnel must be highly motivated:
1. states that there is a definite relation between human needs and motivation
2. states that delegation can be a powerful tool in motivating people

6.5 Summing up
.1 sums up this module by stating the importance of IPR
.2 states that delegation, trust and good relations are motivational
.3 states that drug and alcohol abuse can be very costly and may lead to prosecution of ship or/and the
individual, and may also result in dismissal and/or permanent loss of sea career
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7 Review and Assessment

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