Introduction, Lettering and

Dimensioning
ME 119: Engineering Graphics
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
 Instruments
• Drawing Board
– Rectangular board of softwood about 25 mm thick
– Working edge ( on left side for T-square to slide)
• Sometimes grooved and ebony fitted.
– Batten at the bottom (to prevent wrapping)
• Size of board (recommended by BIS (IS: 1444-1989)

Designation Size (mm)

B0 1000 X 1500
B1 700 X 1000
B2 500 X 700
B3 350 X 500

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 Instruments Cont.
• T-square (not used in this course)

• Set-squares
– 2 in number
– 60o-30o and 45o
• Protractor / Procircle
• French curves
– for drawing curves which cannot be drawn with compasses
– A faint freehand curve is first drawn through the known points
– the longest possible curve that coincides exactly with the freehand
curve is then found out from the French curves.
– Finally, a neat continuous curve is drawn with the aid of the French
curves.

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 Instruments Cont.
• Drawing box instruments
• Pencils
• Eraser
• Drawing clips
• Mini-drafter
• Roll-n-draw
• Drawing sheets

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To keep your drawing clean
Do Don’t
Sheet Layouts and Freehand
sketching

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Sheet Layout

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Freehand Sketching

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Lines, Lettering and
Dimensioning

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 Machine drawings: Type
• Machine drawing
• Production drawing
• Assembly drawing
• Catalogue drawing
• Instruction manual drawing
• Exploded drawing
• Schematic assembly
• Machine shop drawing

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Descriptions of Lines

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 Lettering
• Used for writing of titles, sub-titles, dimensions, scales and other
details on a drawing.
• Essential features of lettering –
• legibility, uniformity, ease, rapidity,
• No ornamental and embellishing style of letter
• Clearly distinguishable from each other in order to avoid any
confusion even in case of slight mutilations
• The Indian standard followed for lettering is BIS: 9609
• Single stroke lettering for use in engineering drawing

• Lettering types generally used for creating a drawing are

• Lettering Type A – Height of the capital letter is divided into 14
equal parts
• Lettering Type B – Height of the capital letter is divided into 10
equal parts

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Type A

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Type B

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Letter Size Recommendation

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 Dimensioning
• Elements of dimensioning

• Arrowheads

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• Units for dimensioning: usually in mm
• System of dimensioning
• Aligned system
• Unidirectional system

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• Shape Identification Dimensioning

(c)

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 Geometrical Construction
• Primitive geometric forms:
The shapes of objects are formed from primitive geometric
forms . These are
• Point
• Line
• Plane
• Solid
• Doubly curved surface and object
• Warped surface
• The basic 2-D geometric primitives
• Points
• Lines
• Circles
• Arcs
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 References

1. Engineering Drawing, N. D. Bhatt, Charotar Publications

2. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112103019/
3. Engineering Drawing, K. R. Gopalkrishna, Subhas Publication
4. SP 46 (Second revision) Bureau of Indian Standards
5. Machine Drawing, K. L. Narayana, P. Kannaiah, K. Venkata
Reddy, New Age Publishers
6. Images from Internet
7. Text book of Engineering drawing, K. Venkata Reddy, BS
Publications

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DRAWING BOARD:
1. Occupy assigned drawing board for the drawing session and adjust the height and
inclination using right-hand side levers. Preferable, the height should be roughly above
your waist.
2. Adjust the drawing board stand to your height. The lower most bolt can be utilized to
adjust the height, while the upper bolt can be utilized to adjust the inclination.
Please hold the knob (black in colour) and the upper bolt (grey in colour) to adjust.
This means you may have to take help of your colleagues for adjusting.
3. Lay the newspaper beneath the drawing sheet.
4. Fix the mini-drafter firmly on to the left top corner
5. Do not fix the mini-drafter on the drawing sheet
6. Make sure the mini-drafter fixture is not inclined
7. Properly clamp the drawing sheet on the right bottom of the board
8. Keep the B or HB or H pencil sharp.
9. Do take care of the drawing instruments. Do not lift the drafter out of the board as it
will loosen the joints.
10. Don't lean on the drawing table.
11. Don't rotate around the drawing board/sheet to complete your drawing
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INSTRUMENTS AND SHEET LAYOUT:
1. Don't use outer edge of the mini-drafter scale to draw lines.
2. Draw trim-boarder (10 mm each side), and drawing boarder (40 mm from trim-
boarder left-hand side, 10 mm other three sides).
3. Draw the title block (45 mm × 100 mm) and as indicated in the class.
4. Do the construction/projection line work using B or HB pencil (thin/light lines).
5. Do the finalization work using H or 2H pencil (dark lines).
6. Do keep your drawing sheet clean
7. Do complete the title-block using TYPE B lettering (Name of the drawing sheet and
Name of the student: height 10 mm).

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