cxL sj alsape (Classification of Fluid)

tvisity & surface tension)f 9 da uEal 6e4 ani a 3. E2Í 4EY0

e u (Assumption) 52a Hi2 3.

aenas texst (Real Fluid) t a t i ol l 4ey6st aeas seyo sèaui ud .

l a las go: B.
J paun seys: (Newtonian Fluid):y6 e rctiti Fvaujat ue

lai 4as: (Non-Newtonian Fluid): 5 e s 2t oadi-t FH

inearly) w e s2tl el da 4eyssn it-et eyO sUAi U . Ld., 1D

Eele e Eeala seyó (Compressible and Incompressible Fluid) : u L

EL, (ua EuG atHI).

SOUD IDEAL PLASTIC MATERIAL

REAL PLASTIC MATERAL

-NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID

NEWTONIAN FLUID
SLOPE-

DEAL FLUID

(SHEAR STRAIN RATE)

vaocmY GRADIANT

DEFORMATION
FIG 1.2 TYPES OF FLUID OR ANGULAR
 ASSi

2 4eSHt 1PuAt (Properties of Fluid)

a u
(Density) 9): sn SEU VEeu snA udl se , A241 s,
Mass
OR Density (S) Volume

m = 6n kg ai

v E m3 i .
kg/m3, el- attu aI dId d eP 1000 kg/m
RA41(Specific Weight) (ol: sa set VERuc laR o

Weight (WN)
OR
Volume (v)

WF Ga qEH N (newton A
v
s m3 i

mxg
V W= m xg)
w 9g -: 9=
m/v 1

EL., ugl a2, 9810 N/m3 3.

9 = 1000 kg/m" .

g 9.81 m/s2 8,
9g 1000 x 9.81 =9810 N/m3 aal.
ei elGs aS2 12.07 N/m3 5.
lie st (Sp. Volume). (V):sa s-U uSLu s6A aRe S6,
sdaNi AU 9, 241
lauRe s6 =
E
 5

wi vm i u m kg i 1.4

2 dtl SM m/kg al. dt sotn Ai, 13/m

L 1.4 vell

Vs
s1g0,

v a ** 1.1. a

1.4 1 Vs i 1.1. a Hugl v l Eut eni

1.5
V9.m
1.6
AUaL v

CEYafue um (Specific Gravity) (S):eL VErl-l ttld ésug 221 NERH

42,
4-ttu (S) =
514p Ve-l u t
alne 1.7
221 uEd-l attl

yrut (Surface Tension): ll-l aud-a u HRHL L E euai aeul A

Y%tuPI-ii o
(Sigma) 5 9. al asa SI
4 . 4 4A kugI A OP . (usa 1.3, a, b)
u a i N/m 9.
 Gus e6aas
} u AURa Tensile Force)yIgi se B. Yvgea »H cius

ugl yeug O.073 N/m 3. (20°C Hiv) YEAugei ClL ud-i avi àn
Xg zijalsaeu (Equation for Surface Tension):

FLUD MOECULE LQUD SURFACE

SURFACE TENSION

1bilit

EI
FORCE ON SEMI SPHE
SURFACE TENSION
(b) EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEY
DROP-LET SHOWING
() FORCES OF ATTRACTION ON A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE FORCE 0.00
UQUID MOLECULE
LQL
FIG 1.3

(
12
(ii)

i a u d i yeaug .

(P Po) d =ox rd

(P-P.)-T OR 2

cla-2-l aua sne qnisaul iu 3, - Eruù R, R2 B.

 6ey6 du ypui

pilnuse (Spherlcal) 0u2l u2,

R R R
2a
PPo RD d 2RJ
) EUL (Vapour Pressure) (Py) GIuagi yeau ma uaud-l u l val éHOU

n i 2l 2ug 9, AL AI (Vapour) uaudil auEI Gu2 Eugt 62 9, u yAi AR HaudiL

42 4
di u i uiae Hl ua 9.uRI UNEU O.1716 N/m2 9. del io Eut 4
piui ual 9, uplj GAUPL 10°C v2 0.125 m uglu 2ia-l Gkus5
JcAun Puarasdl i s (Bulk Modulus of Elasticity) >a eIRlaai (Compress
ibility): ALIl a442 H125Ds 5EHi2RUEHE
|P+dP

RIC
0.007 uu42512 UA S, uY, wgl s2rtí u2ië 20,000
d l urtlt
Lgul sInala 3. geDAl sIazilddl

Lglti. 14)
FIG 1.4

dl sEHi 2ISl S. q1 86 v
* dp
sEHi dv 2Al 2st a s, »L E21Sl d-u 42 GLltL EugU WUgi Sa i. A2a 3,
Bugl I i d u
dv
dp V

dy
d p =-K N

K dp

aieals
i K Uis 3 di selan oygus (Co-efficient of Compressibility) 2L 2rtlt
x 105 kN/m2
Modulus of Elasticity) se 9. ugll au2 K j HN 2.07
uneasal IYLS (Bulk MUiHI
6UPl diuH) 9. di z2 N/m2 9. *a L t (Water Hammer)
2U
ugl- Ealedil yplarA ugLrtélai eui ua s.
 L2)
sPad AS HL (Units in SI System) SSt
Xeeaus 1eLHL St <tu SI Valtau AsH si6t i. 1Hi sulaai >qe4L 9.

Table 1
guantity SI UNIT
HASL (Area) m2
E (Volume) m3 or 1itre
ao (Velocity) m/s
Fs 6R (Rate of Flow)us C3 m°/s or lit/s
t d t (Density) kg/m3
(Force) OLarbn N 2-1)
N/m2
N/m3
n Ns/m
(Dynamic Viscosity)
m-/S
(Kinematic Viscosity)

a R (Power) w (ie)
N/m
m/kg
Hi-2H (Momentum) kgm/s
9TMass) kg
Sec
 10

MOVNG PLATE-

igd slaaun (Angular Deformation

Mttd o, A da dlv2
gradiant) &d d.
(Veloc!ty
FXED PLATE 7 i H t t #

dv TWO PARALLEL PLA

FA
dy FIG 1.6 FLUID
MOTION
BETWEEN
LATEA

F A dy
dy
***

1.8

F 2l2 n
F t.A A tel ezj dasn
(1.8) (a)i F =
t.A Hirtl,
T A GY
=
4 A 1.8 (b
dy

1.9
aeAI Ypis uaI uelu oa (Dynamic
Viscosity) se

Hu Àsl - sI uaaui
(0) Ns/m
(1) Pas
(uast As) 1 1N/m Pa =

(1) du UuR
EUPL L
 (a)
(b)
Viscosity)
ee -ourtu (Kinematic 5,
tdit urët 4oik 2-14rl be , n2A
uelu &-1uetl (Dynamie Viscosity) t

(s14-121 laSE12)
1.10
7

d i GH m-/s 9. MIA qURL AGH Stoke (2215) 8.

SI 4di
up-l sto-aE dlaskll 1.14 x 10-0 m/s .
1 Stoke = 1 cm/s =
10 m2/s.
1.4 6MAPAL (Problems)
(1) guiae sà:
() 0.80 a utuun blalu 4 M2 dn /aal ldblzzui kea
(11) 117.72 G./412 uaull (a. *in! 1.6) t l r u i .
uaudu 20 2R LA Baiueseni Zea (GTU Jan. 2010)
(Hii) 1.1
la uuau

Solútion
gh ool S lel-
(0) P =

9 upl
= 800x 9.81 x 4
otlo
31890
N/m2 0.8 9aledl-t
10
= 0.03139 N/mm vuI
0.8-
1000
9 aet= 800 kg/m
(i1) p 9gh S 1.6

h E
P
9g 9 oil
S = gwater

117.72x 10
1600 x 9,81
wO8. 1.6 1000
= 7.5 meter q 9 oil 1600 kg/m
 13
1 Liter
aley (iSetj)-
1x 1000 cm

1000

O.001 n
a l s s àse w

9. G0
O. O001

w 9600 N/m au

ql,ell4s aS2 (w)9x g

9 w/g
9600
9. 81

=978.6 kg/m3
Sct-l u-ttt
ea . lN (aRre urtrtl) =

upl-t uttt
978.6
1000
= 0.978*Al

8 (b) Re (May 2016)

Solutionn

= Weight (w)
e g h t (w)
Specific weight w
Volume (v)
Volume 1000 liter = lm3
liter = 0.001m3

w
W
v 7
0.001

(GTU Ma
w = 7000 N/m3 *ua
w = 9g

7000

9.81
713.55 kg/m3.. VAn