Philosophies of Education

Perennialism Essentialism Behaviorism Progressivism Humanism, Existentialism Social Reconstructionism

Christian doctrine Reading & writing Environmental variables Experience-centered Student-centered Critical literacy
Mathematics Computing Relevant Individualistic Cultural pluralism
History History & geography Flexible Humanities Human relations
Curriculum

Foreign languages Natural sciences Awareness of being Politics of change

Logic Foreign languages Awareness of nothingness Economics
Literature: Great Books Social studies Real life
Character training Government Global education
Moral development “Back to Basics”
Drill & practice Lecture Contingencies of reinforcement Project method Valuing Group process
Computation Recitation Teaching machine Cooperative learning activities Decision making Problem detecting & solving
Teaching Methods

Recitation Discussion Programmed instruction Critical thinking Socratic dialogue Critical & creative thinking
Induction Socratic dialogue Computer-assisted instruction Problem solving Self reflection Decision making
Problem-solving Behavioral objectives Interactive multimedia Decision making Nondirective Computer simulation
Discussion Computer-assisted instruction Behavioral objectives Humanistic Internships, work-study
Debate Audio/tutorial laboratory Role playing
Dialogue Moral literacy Cooperative learning
Action research
Metaphor
Training of will Intellectual discipline Monitoring events Democratic process Open classroom participation Conflict resolution
Rigid structure Moral discipline Observation of events Child-centered Privacy Experimentation
Classroom

Time on task Certainty Using reward systems Community-centered Non-punitive Optimism

Precision Regularity Democratic Flexibility
Orderliness Uniformity Flexible Community building
Regularity
Prayer & contemplation
Objective examination IQ Tests Behavioral objectives Formative evaluation Subjective appraisal Formative evaluation
Essay examination Standardized achievement tests Performances contracting Monitoring progress Ongoing feedback
Evaluation

Diagnostic tests Appraising skills Cooperative assessment

Trained in liberal arts
Authority figure
The Teacher
Performance-based competency
tests
Mastery learning
Trained in liberal arts, sciences, Trained in scientific method Teacher as facilitator Mediator Shaper of a new society
or humanities Planner & user of behavioral Director of learning Authentic Transformational leader

Disseminator of truth Intellectual objectives Guide Subjective Change agent

“Director of mental Skilled communicator Controller of behavior Supervisor of learning Reflective artist Tolerance for ambiguity
calisthenics” Superior pedagogical skills Arranger of contingencies Collaborative partner Introspective Comfortable with change
Scholar Conflict manager
Trained in organizational theory &
development
Aristotle William Bagley Ivan Pavlov John Dewey A.S. Neill Plato, Augustine, Karl Marx,
Thomas Aquinas Arthur E. Bestor John B. Watson Carol Rogers George B. Counts, Theodore
Leading Proponents

Jacques Maritain Herman Horne E.L. Thorndike John Holt Brameld, Harold Rugg, W.H.
Robert Hutchins Hyman G. Rickover B.F. Skinner Charles Silberman Kilpatrick, Ivan Illich, Paulo Freire,
Mortimer Adler William J. Bennett David Premack Jonathon Kozol Michael W. Apple, Henry A.
Allan Bloom Maxine Greene Giroux, Jacques Derrida, Michael
E.D. Hirsch, Jr. Nel Noddings Foucault, Richard Rorty
Diane Ravitch
Chester Finn
This table is a digest of handouts used for EDU103, prepared by the Reinert-Alumni Library, Creighton University (summer 2010).