in DteOOedme Ahea_coductiuid44

coeloldod,

1nltocducion
iS dheamo ptopet odhe
meded el denat0g Ahe aue whicb a patiakb
sAbstaOce M9 accoopish Ahe dhcansmmibsioO
O hetmal eneagy by moleculo aCtHón
1hetm onductivity Of a oarertaj1S foud
0 clepends C he_chemi ccu composition
Subsiunce_af unlch is COMposed ihe
phteiah
p he ich it eRLSE t s Cytilioe
srucdUre af Solie the teap. a0d phesure
o nNcH iA is subieched and wneher_or

Thedca adudAivid Thema Stcue

O Solid (metal) CoductisiA

Pure coPpe r 20
20C

SAeel 20c
ShuolesS gtee) 20

The
TA Con be conduched i o solid by fsee
.cletnon asd b HTce ibaten lamE naof
see elecdon cnoues ohout io4he lottice StuchuE_
of meta jo qood cumdualatsIhui electtons sy
hmel tneqy fson niaher aegdn to louET FROp
oegion io simllor way cthoy tionsmct elatic
etg hG0ge
 Page No.
Date

nfur Ahere eleahsons ODe_hecueDy

beferred a eleeraon 4L ene iothe
Strucrure of h e a l d y draunSHogrne)
vibruhoma enery OthelICLTCE_STuur
of the cncetetiaFO genesall a0eLVer
eLer
his_mode of enesgy daDSFe 1S Óot lar
ajaje)etro0_draOspot 00d hence gcvd
eletricad coodugor Oxe alupys qvod hu
Condut or eR, Cu Silye
Hect floOS dhgough HE b0& ftom
aeeer do coaher necs S fnk aneo g¢eady
Share.Isxeached hearipagsing dhogh she
Section mdNe bar near i s caken buoater
J

DHea Pssing_naouanSecrtonC.c
nCP CAT
wher
ass o u are of_Cooliag caalerkj
Cp S.P heat(413o NRg c)_
AT Warer Quher demo- rer joled deOp
Alo Gee=-kcc_dLA
drc
Thermal Conduoeiul rat seLtion
setion

KCC
A
 )

2 Hecsr pgsi0q thouyh Seotion8e

C b ct acton he loss ber cc
bb c + 2TEios L(T-To
onege

Isios Themal Cooductiuity of iosulasion

Lengdh of insuchian Cyimdek bD
C t e r daofus
imercadliug&

Theraa cende@riviny of at by seurn 55

Ehb h
bb
hee_
Slape_o dem distrihuuen

teat Palst0qJTS hH _Secicn AA-

aa ahh + 2 aios ( H

Luneke- laSLulanonn yiinder }e

LaLenqih_CE
On A.R C.0.
aa sacd
 hecoo comdueivitotbar 'at seston A

A d
tuyee
Slope OF f e *disthibut
Curue at seOn_A.A

t20peienha getup
Tconsis of Coppes
od one end of Contch 1S heoshed by an_
electiic heate and dheather ig'cAkd
citer risca lared hea sihs he niddle
PUTHM e do3d Seckion oF cueve and by
a mod Contaioiaq iasuaOm_dhe aod rap
s meagAred at dtt,seahtn CnITE) ihile
dhernoco1e TT) ge_govtded to
aSuP uate inler x lettenp.
AdiMNsKArre js EAUtded førthe-
heakerlo mntaal t s iapud conshant dY
Elous ia_oiculered thauahdhe heas sinka

Pooceduge 2
keep thedimmeo3frohe_enob od p l
Cmd Stch an dhe Equtpmend.
2)Jacneage slmel dhe iaputO heate
dimaenSdarahe3tcrtl0a rom ZeDolt pOsi
3) See that dhelr japut soncia Conshant
_cansrant Ahe-
Peperime.Dd
 ate

4See thaahis fogur demoi) ConstanT

dhsouyhd heut gink ornd adust o agound

flan and SDP9Cch

sNate down all the teMPdrutue onc

ater lou Sre

Spece cafio n

Co1
BuiAh iOSuleuDno sheet_alomqs dhe test lenghh_
Luater cosled md beaf giok ottheothertnd.
2 Tes enqth_cf od 240 m0
) heKnOcoLuple schormel:12bC
)Distonce het"tu dhermocoup ie 2bar
Band nichtnme heaher do heat ane cmetal Aod
Dinmers hap co qonial ahé heater mput
2A 230V r

) Dro iral oltmerer and ammeer to oeOE

hecater 0pur
chamel digital tenp indicohor o.l eth
3 Muti Stoch
COun 2 0o c i b h channe) selecRot

Obelerudondable_

ShelTeap e l t e r
Te Mp
neha od deDR
IaT1|K|T TT9T T. 3-
145X1o
 Calcuobon
_mass flouo zute of uhOr Cm)=1:3n
areu o f mera d ca) xlaon

opeatevanics gedhrn_ 0{AA_Ah

the qruph
d 3aS Ld721
a

thermcd cmdukvidy oC m o bodot sechèn cc

cp OT)
9x10 xG180x( 31-2g)

24.yS
dT dete
-901o4x20 1S

ccc 24 C

21henna Cdduoki utty O nerad tOd

atSeehn-

t ATensLTa î10)
te
 bb
hh G.23 m

Ther CondueiIV OC meral god stses AA

aa
ad
4 9 l o sDO
Ada
kac 223.6 Wlm

Kac 22G wlm

Kbh 63 2 w
24S68 wm
Kav 1 1 1 Y m°

Temp o CoppEN meta Jad oleDese_

Eod so ded Cold
a leas_dhe le04th_dhen hot.
Sati the fouaies_law of heat
tad _ushlch_
foundatim
 Epesiment No- 2

Am2 Delresoine the dhecmo_condur duit

O i0sulabog pocod e

o roduchionCanducfon_o hee flol0o

of nec uhicb OcCuTs_due too eechona eechane
Of ene from one molettle70 nuther
Lwithou apriciable amUdian df Moklues io
aoy heahoq qenetahic poim There azem
heat eechunge 2quipmeot uhete heujtloisor
SuTmelibe o e subieLed to_minimi2un
a omder do zéduce ioss CE he vaafs Ae
iOsulaÃag are usedio pruHLes
eaccuue_ofdenaNds oL Such ifRIO
NeTy ab iodusipe0 ome up to patduat
Such material ia dirfere CaukecertaU dh
dekermiOe_thermal_conductHiuiy of
mleial pder kqab sesha plaler _dl
aSulahiy
pamisetc aae uSed for o SuaHan
Thenx s Jt cSumed_thaut insulahng
pourler Sm_sntaupic maket
And Is_dhere cnductiuity
o he (onsta
Thexetare O0e diameos12ml ad
Londuehion ac0Ss_tHe pouder istanthell
heat
o iasulablog_poey
dranstes_dhaouah olfon lonsdeaa
keyerSphere
palsed
Cord
bétoee0 ConCR DdgiLCoppeaSphe
,'
 t0perinental 9erup o
he Apparaus Consisr_
do thio wled cUncegnceopper
of
Ahe iooer spre hDU-9RS he sphere
hesrer coil.
The osulelo04 pu der FI1ed io he
apbelroe
AphelrweeD
gCOQperS spnese he.
Opur do ahe nelLr Coi) is cen Ftotlea bydic
meer amd eDLsTe om altmerer, {_ammeer
Then0cOuple SpoOUTded mOurer suface
of ione Surtale S,si,e hesnocouple ooioner
SUTfCL0e_Of_eseter outer SUgfee uwhich are
cOoneored do mulichanre diqiho demp:
ndiceyr avg: of uter 5 ioner Sphere tam
1ves emp. dicference acaOSS the layer off
fOguading nadenal
PrOcedude
keep he dimmerstete leno at ze0 pofkim

3iehchn on dhe euuipmenf

2 oczease he ioput àe heatet y dina*
tadin4 fmn 0 vlt posldioM:
)Adjus dhe ip to Cethato vallue
4 ee hu his ioput TemaD conshao
dhrogh the tepeariment
SNte_docunAldh£ Pomp lopuk termS of
volk and Cuen
 Spediccuhion

oner Sphere dia 00 mm

dtd e 200.mD
2) Oulre y s p h e r e
nsde íoho
3)Hecueertlar heorer eLllted
Dionmensate 230 V 2A Capaiiy
Digtal yoldmehar A AS0 Vol¢S
B) Digha amerer 90 Amp:
a)mulichanneldiqhaltemp 1ndicaor
cal lbrtred Fot chl6 Ahe&moCOUple,
3) OSulaHom poler AsbeStos,
bSevahmtuble
Tempradure eeLher 2/P.
oner gurfaleuer suilae eltuqe I ucoen|
TT2T2TTT Ta Ts
.26
15153 1521sd 3S 36 |34 33
Lalculahem
neu opu

28,6.
leg temp_ 10e

T2tT tTat T 1+sB418LtSO

 eaD deMP of Ourer suol-ege(To)

ToTsAT%\a+Tk4Tat T1o
35363t3713 S34

To 35.10 ¢
Themal Conducàivi iosulahng
posde.
0ri
4Tzo s(i-To)

K 6 Co-9.0
TTo.2 Y0.0SX (1s1:S-S.16)
kE O19S wlm'C.

ReSult The dherma0onductivity ofi

giveo iosulatiog glode is

ooca Sion
hermC Co0duthw 91yen_
nctena depend s upun ghahe and surEacee_
SdLchuTe jemp.hunge dhetn condutriity
O iaSELLatlog puder inueaNéL iuith
deprotiuag_ Se
 Enpeiment NO -

3. eg N

Aim2do dekrmioe d hermal. Candudiyh

and demp distohuHOD Ahoougni
Comgssteual

DeschiHon The apeamtus

us_COnsisrs
OF ceorer Yeare S0uad
which ends ner0 quwO oicdsheerS Thtee
IPe_of slauosane povided on Ahe_ both_
Side cof neaurex which ferm a coMpesidte
SirucureASmatlhand Eracne i provmdeed
O Ensuze dhe pestet onBoet hetDidthe
slab donsfer fe provided e vaing.the
iopuk_d the heakerapd oeaiurtment OfE
inpu eied Cut by a voltmeker_ammeter
ThermocotupleÁne Ganbeded ben inteRtue
af the Slab ito zad the teip.at dhe surkace
Specifi'cation
Jal1 :osSeambld agnen4ed SymaettLel tn-
lazdh side of hecter
2)HeLef ntehocne nealer wuNd esn mlCd-
aD_ond ioSukaHas wttb condto enit
2)Hecter p0ntore tinid0230V 02eL0P
Sinq ls phaze uDdaanseanme
STp indicahor O-200% Teure ne4u
as_siAqe phae 230v ecched_electzic-
-a

Supplj-
L -
 epesimeni to be CAgried O

To_clerekmiOe Ahetnad es(shanedhereel

conducivid o f Compo S(he CADCA1.
2 To Plod ecno tadien aleng Composie

Pte cauution

eeeP p auro thanSformmer to 2ero b e f e

ncrease_dhe volfacge 9uppl

3 eeP ad asSembl tund1s tT ibuted.
Keaove_ajr gap. herween plate hy moing
handS psegerd
distrab.
SAhile, xemnovinq the plake do nwr
he Aheaorauple icosur
G opexahan selech2r Suitch ofemp: fnd
uenslY -
Proceduse Atrange io plate in pmper
Eusin m hedh_side af heaterplate
aarenqed_
2 8 e e d h a t plake ane Syanetaiaaly
heateer
m hsdh_side D£ pre_pacpeLty tasure
to
D eperntsr #he hand
petee_Cmauh betkseendheplate

the ho h C r sheeto achie steady

4cleRe
taviosnoental Cvndition
Supple t beatetby Va104thecun_
to dhe' igput at
dans£osmier aduld
desioed /alue
Obsetuation

Compostlre slceb S
wall_thic kness
Amilod steel_22.S m

2-C m

Obesevahom_Tccble

RecadiogS Rendings
voltmere r
Ammefer

Temp Redi0gs
Yeadings(°)

T 60

53

S
34
Calculatto n

a mecA ene before s

Ta 6T6o

emp.efore S ad(T8)
$6 t52

C) Meun deap. afker 2Lall n n 0 demp.

helore rd Lwal (Te
T LIS+TA

T 4C

d)Meun demp_after 3 wal_10) :

Toz

Hear_Suppliec C)VI

20
ECfeclive ate
A
whère d
A eOA Lo2)

2
A O.031e m

NOO TA- T6

wher
Lee Toral 1enqth
keq Thecmal condc iy
Aree

ke
e Le 352201wx10
Te-To). A_ t - 3 3 X0.0314

e .96 wmk
For oi)d 91Re_

3
L1keu SA 2SX1Ó x295R12
as 1:4 Wa
Fox L 1
Ig-T
. c]y_

&o l68 wmk

cFor

TTo 43
OXIDss x0.031

kturul 14a wmk

krau>Eeq

Conclu.sicn
kauiyalent dhermcu
Cooducisi 96 w mK
 Erpetlmeor VO-O4

e Trensfer by
Aim
ConveCHm:

ne Uero heau he
TOoerermioe

CoeC'ciend a
fele c
theSut qven verh
Cylinder Y the COnveLHOn
n u u r e l COnueLHon
merau
metnael
volu aF NgsU
To delrem'Oe_dne

APpaatus- Naurue ConveeAibN Appau

A meIal fittec)
yl1Oder
veiccad ia oeden ecranquuar duat whih
i ope at dhe tap and the wHrAm. AN elechii
neater i s psOUtd Eo is dhe vesCOCyinder
oAne surroading alrby natureul Convechîn
beccuue Ahe air Constent coidh he Girce
ges hecured ond odusfng itto Se,Ths's dn
durncoeareg_a cOnHoiotIS floo ofurupac
nthe au duet. The hemp. at the vantou
ocaboms mAhe Suofae oF dhe verhica
Cytinder 0nd ij0 Ahee iocomina and Curgoing Q
his coonitered_wIth theJmocouple . Tne duct D
made of avod_ becauge rd is Condchbt
eUOG_cordu
S0 0 much_thak w|1_dranscer_
from a r
to duc Thus dhe dut will_enhonte _air ELC w.

hauk indaodulMog.00odher Convec

Sukace hiuJe
 TheYY-
HecutdronsFer thocYY 8eelas o
kheenerqy Aanshedhur ulees pnge he
Materio un-
yadie o aLs a yesulta Fempgekre_-
diffeR 1his enegy_drdoster is defined a bea
hedhree moder_ by uhch hea Con oethonsted
kaooaNe_pcee Fo a0ojhLI Cre Qumdeetian

meraluttl crO fater nen nicee iD fenatof

awayond we Cou the pcce8s Coueonen

nealedaonsA Ca0veton avou a _ne
TonsFer_o heo by moHen And. nieiag

fccedConuenon happeng iShen dhe Plud

i pept jo aohm byLaoeghenal aeluAN SuLn
aaieku e of ite cnd ualerbltwinqieN the_-
SLNtaLA afCPLLe io a up GrlenAHG a
adia to faur a r finLetu
Conv ephm in_coulecnalmrálcnvechon
Lwhen MoDn amd Mi2lng Ce Llud CaueDd
hdensidy vagaah n reRLnqfaom lempacdure_
alickerernce wtthio_dhe-luid The densihy ot Ltu
NLaa he hupSurka0PAndoeuty CaécuterSa
ConceuhichLiB dhe hemted flutd upward.

-
 Procedu be choose h e perHoulo
aeral: to carryout he e
cheo3e he neiq h and siele ddhe woeda
b o wiHh_+he boe 9der en
3)Adjust thediomerer,ienath the #hicknes
ofAhe linder uiog tne Glinder slider
4)APpl he ashicular Joltage onda_cptreg
ding tumenuioq.onite enob i0 the
Simulotor
S)USing ae emPTcrue 1ndicutwr Note
dow he value of TLT BT44 and
T6 omd , usloq thiSdahe UOrE Shet bebo

Result
x A-o9X 10. Hear tianSLer

Cnckaion
Hea dOnsA-e haJe mae
value of hegio of eLpeimeni: hecame
oejacaende
sddeLaLReia uppediy_hich