Chapter Test B: Teacher Notes and Answers 16

Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________
Assessment
Chapter Test B
Teacher Notes and Answers
16 Reaction Energy
TEST B
1. a 25.In an endothermic reaction, energy is
2. d absorbed as heat, and the enthalpy of the
3. b reactants is lower than the enthalpy of the
4. c products. Therefore, the enthalpy change is
5. d positive. In an exothermic reaction, energy
6. a is released as heat, and the enthalpy of the
7. d products is less than the enthalpy of the
8. c reactants. Therefore, the enthalpy change is
9. thermochemistry negative.
10. enthalpy 26. Temperature is a measure of the average
11. joules kinetic energy of a substance. Heat is the
12. temperature total thermal energy of the substance.
13. heat 27.The temperature is necessary because the
14. mass entropy factor of the free-energy equation
15. products; reactants depends on temperature in kelvins.
16. increases 28. When the Gibbs free energy is negative, a
17. negative reaction is spontaneous; when the Gibbs free
18. enthalpy change, or H energy is positive, the reaction is
19. f nonspontaneous.
20. d 29. 215 kJ/mol
21. b 30. 717 J
22. e 31. 0.069 J/(g·K)
23. c 32. 150 kJ/mol
24. Entropy is a measure of the degree of 33. 104.5 kJ/mol
randomness of the particles in a system. In 34. above 333 K
nature, processes tend to proceed in the
direction that increases the randomness of a
system. Therefore, a reaction in which
entropy increases is more likely to occur
than one in which entropy decreases.
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Modern Chemistry 1 Chapter Test
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Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________
Assessment
Chapter Test B
Chapter: Reaction Energy
PART I In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best
completes each statement or best answers each question.
_____ 1. As compared with separate gases, a mixture of gases is

a. more random.
b. less random.
c. equally random.
d. less favorable.
_____ 2. A compound that is very unstable and likely to decompose violently
has an enthalpy of formation that is
a. small and negative.
b. small and positive.
c. large and negative.
d. large and positive.
_____ 3. A reaction for which H = 500 kJ is

a. definitely spontaneous.
b. probably spontaneous.
c. probably nonspontaneous.
d. definitely nonspontaneous.
_____ 4. Which of the following is not directly measurable?
a. enthalpy of formation
b. enthalpy of combustion
c. enthalpy
d. change in enthalpy
_____ 5. The quantity of energy transferred as heat during a temperature
change between two species depends on the
a. nature of the two materials involved in the temperature change.
b. mass of the two materials involved in the temperature change.
c. magnitude of the temperature change.
d. All of the above
_____ 6. An endothermic reaction has
a. a positive enthalpy change.
b. a negative enthalpy change.
c. no enthalpy change.
d. either a positive or a negative enthalpy change.
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Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________
Chapter Test B, continued
_____ 7. Which of the equations below is an example of a thermochemical

equation?
a. Mg(s) + 2H3O+ (aq) + Cl (aq)
Mg2 + (aq) + 2Cl (aq) +H2(g) + H2O(l)
b. Mg + 2H3O+ + Cl Mg2 + + 2Cl + H2 + H2O
c. 2H2(g) + 2O2(g) H2O(g)
d. 2H2(g) + 2O2(g) H2O(g) + 483.6 kJ
_____ 8. What is the mass of a sample that absorbs 32 J of energy when

it is heated from 274 K to 314 K and has a specific heat of
0.20 J/(g·K)?
a. 4.0 kg
b. 8.0 g
c. 4.0 g
d. The mass is impossible to calculate from the information given.
PART II Write the correct term (or terms) in the space provided.
9. The study of the transfers of energy that accompany chemical reactions and
physical changes is called __________________________.
10. Free-energy change depends on temperature, entropy change, and
__________________________ change.
11. Free energy is measured in units called ________________________.
12. The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of
matter is its __________________________.
13. The energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in
their temperatures is called ________________________.
14. The specific heat of a substance is dependent on the energy lost or gained,
temperature, and __________________________
15. The enthalpy change is always the difference between the enthalpies of the
_______________________ and the _______________________.
16. As a general rule, when a substance goes from a liquid to a gas, the entropy
__________________________.
17. When the enthalpy of a reaction is negative and the entropy is positive, the
Gibbs free energy is always __________________________.
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Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________
18. The __________________________ is negative for exothermic reactions and

positive for endothermic reactions.
PART III In the space to the left of each expression in the first column, write the
letter of the expression in the second column that is most closely related.
_____ 19. exothermic reaction a. positive G

_____ 20. spontaneous reaction b. positive change in entropy
_____ 21. reaction that increases c. positive H
disorder
d. negative change in Gibbs free
_____ 22. reaction that decreases energy
disorder e. negative S
_____ 23. endothermic reaction f. negative change in enthalpy
PART IV Write the answers to the following questions in the space provided.
24. Explain how entropy change influences the tendency for a reaction
to occur.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
25. How do the enthalpy of products and reactants differ in endothermic and
exothermic reactions?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
26. How does temperature differ from heat?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________
27. Why is it necessary to know the temperature of the reactants and the products
of a reaction in order to determine change in the Gibbs free energy of the
reaction?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
28. Describe the tendency of a reaction to occur, in terms of the Gibbs
free energy.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
PART V Write the answers to the following problems on the line to the left, and
show your work in the space provided.
_____________________ 29. What is the value of G at 120.0 K for a

reaction in which H = +35 kJ/mol and
S = 1.50 kJ/(mol·K)?
_____________________ 30. The specific heat of silver is 0.234 J/(g·K).

Calculate the amount of energy that is needed to
raise the temperature of 175 g of silver from 22.5°C
to 40.0°C.
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Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________
_____________________ 31. Determine the specific heat of a 70. g sample of

material that absorbed 96 J as it was heated from
293 K to 313 K.
_____________________ 32. What is the enthalpy of combustion of a compound

if its enthalpy of formation is 520 kJ/mol and if
the total enthalpy of formation of its products is
670 kJ/mol (adjusted for the coefficients)?
_____________________ 33. Use the equations below to calculate the enthalpy

of formation for propane gas, C3H8, from its
elements, hydrogen gas and solid carbon.
_____________________ 34. For the vaporization reaction Br2(l) Br2(g),

H0 = 31.0 kJ/mol and S0 = 93.0 J/(mol·K).
At what temperatures is this process spontaneous?
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Name:______________________Class: _ Date: _________

_____ 1. As compared with separate gases, a mixture of gases is

_____ 3. A reaction for which H = 500 kJ is

Chapter Test B, continued

_____ 7. Which of the equations below is an example of a thermochemical

_____ 8. What is the mass of a sample that absorbs 32 J of energy when

Chapter Test B, continued

18. The __________________________ is negative for exothermic reactions and

_____ 19. exothermic reaction a. positive G

Chapter Test B, continued

_____________________ 29. What is the value of G at 120.0 K for a

_____________________ 30. The specific heat of silver is 0.234 J/(g·K).

Chapter Test B, continued

_____________________ 31. Determine the specific heat of a 70. g sample of

_____________________ 32. What is the enthalpy of combustion of a compound

_____________________ 33. Use the equations below to calculate the enthalpy

_____________________ 34. For the vaporization reaction Br2(l) Br2(g),

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