FLUID

MECHANICS
 ABOUT ME : CHANDRA SHEKHAR
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FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES

chandra.shekhar@gradeup.co
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Q. An incompressible fluid (viscosity = 7.4
× 10–7 m2/s; s = 0.88) flows b/w two
infinite Hz plates due to motion of top
plate moving at 0.5 m/s (gap b/w
them being 0.5 mm) The force per unit
area reqd. to maintain bottom plate
stationary is
A. 0.651 × 10–3 Pa
B. 0.651 Pa
C. 6.51 Pa
D. Zero
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
 FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Variation of Viscosity with temperature
Cohesive Force + Molecular Collision (Momentum transfer)
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES

Q. For a gas, ν = 1.6 × 10–5 m2/s at 20°C

then find ν at 70°C
A. 1.6 × 10–5 m2/s
B. 1.2 × 10–5 m2/s
C. 2.2 × 10–5 m2/s
D. 3.2 × 10–5 m2/s
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Newtonian vs Non Newtonian Fluid
Newtonian Fluid: Obeys Newton’s Law of Viscosity
 FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Non Newtonian Fluid: Does not obey Newton’s Law of Viscosity
 FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
1. DILATENT (n>1; B=0):
Sugar/Salt solution, Rice starch, Butter, Quick Sand
 FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
2. PSEUDO PLASTIC (n<1; B=0): Blood, Milk, Paint, Syrup
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
3. BINGHAM PLASTIC (n=1; B≠0): Toothpaste,
Ketchup, Chocolate
 FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
4. Time Dependant viscosity
a) Thixotropic (Lipstick)
b) Rheopectic (Gypsum)

Note: Newtonian fluids have constant viscosity at a

particular temperature but in Non-Newtonian fluids, viscosity
varies with flow rate or duration of application due to their
complex microstructure.
 FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Rheological Behaviour
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Q. Following exp. results are obtained for a
substance
du/dy (s–1) 0 1 2 3
τ (Pa) 2 3 4 5

Then substance under consideration is?

FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Q. Through a very narrow gap of height ‘h’ a
thin plate is pulled at a vel ‘v’. On upper
side of plate, there is fluid of viscosity μ1, &
on lower side, oil of viscosity μ2.
Find the position of plate from upper
surface if
(a) Shear force on both sides of plate is
equal
(b) Pull required to drag the plate is
minimum
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
5. Compressibility
• Compression ability of fluid
• Reciprocal of Bulk Modulus (K)
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES

1. Incompressible fluid (Liquid)

2. Compressible fluid (Gas)

Note: Gases with Ma < 0.3 are considered Incompressible

 FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Compressible fluid (Gas)
 FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Compressible fluid (Gas)
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES

Q. Eqn. of state for a fluid is given by

P = 3500 ρ1/2 + 2500 (N/m2) then its
Bulk Mod at a pressure of 100 KPa is ______
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES

Q. A piston weighing 9.42 N of 800 mm dia and 200

mm long moves inside a cylinder of 804 mm dia. If
annular space is filled with lubricating oil of viscosity
5 centipoise, downward speed of Piston is ?
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Q. Viscosity of fluid is to be measured by a viscometer
consisting of two 40 cm long concentric cylinders. The
outer dia. of inner cyl is 12 cm and the gap between
two cylinder is 0.15 cm. The inner cylinder is rotated
at 300 rpm and the torque is measured to be 1.8 N-m.
Find viscosity of fluid ?
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES

Q. A circular disc of dia ‘d′ is slowly rotated in a liq of

viscosity ‘μ’ at a small distance ‘h’ from fixed surface
as shown in fig. Find torque required to maintain
angular velocity ω.
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Q. A shaft with a diameter D=80mm & length L=400mm
shown in fig is pulled with a constant velocity U=5m/s
through a bearing with variable diameter. The clearance
between shaft and bearing, which varies from h1=1.2mm
to h2=0.4mm, is filled with a Newtonian lubricant whose
viscosity is 0.10 Pa-s. Determine force required to maintain
axial movement of shaft