FLUID

MECHANICS
 ABOUT ME : CHANDRA SHEKHAR
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FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES

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FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Q. A cubic block of side L and mass M is
dragged over an oil film across table by
a string connects to a hanging block of
mass m as shown in figure. The
Newtonian oil film of thickness h has
dynamic viscosity μ and the flow
condition is laminar. The acceleration
due to gravity is g. The steady state
velocity V of block is?
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES

Q. A piston weighing 9.42 N of 800 mm dia and 200

mm long moves inside a cylinder of 804 mm dia. If
annular space is filled with lubricating oil of viscosity
5 centipoise, downward speed of Piston is ?
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Q. Viscosity of fluid is to be measured by a viscometer
consisting of two 40 cm long concentric cylinders. The
outer dia. of inner cyl is 12 cm and the gap between
two cylinder is 0.15 cm. The inner cylinder is rotated
at 300 rpm and the torque is measured to be 1.8 N-m.
Find viscosity of fluid ?
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES

Q. A circular disc of dia ‘d′ is slowly rotated in a liq of

viscosity ‘μ’ at a small distance ‘h’ from fixed surface
as shown in fig. Find torque required to maintain
angular velocity ω.
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Q. A shaft with a diameter D=80mm & length L=400mm
shown in fig is pulled with a constant velocity U=5m/s
through a bearing with variable diameter. The clearance
between shaft and bearing, which varies from h1=1.2mm
to h2=0.4mm, is filled with a Newtonian lubricant whose
viscosity is 0.10 Pa-s. Determine force required to maintain
axial movement of shaft
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES

Q. A Journal bearing has a shaft dia of 40 mm and a

length of 40mm The shaft is rotating at 20 rad/s and
viscosity of lubricant is 20 mPa–s (clearance is 0.02
mm). The loss of torque due to viscosity of lubricant is
A. 0.040 N-m
B. 0.252 N-m
C. 0.400 N-m
D. 0.652 N-m
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Q. A spherical water drop of 1mm diameter is required
to split into 64 small droplets of equal size. Find the
work done ? (σ = 0.073 N/m)
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Q. A container of width 2a is filled with liquid. A thin
wire of weight per unit length λ is gently placed on the
liquid surface in the middle as shown in fig. As a result,
the liquid is depressed by a distance y (y<<a). Find
surface tension of liquid.
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
Cavitation
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
8. Vapour Pressure of Liquid
Pressure exerted/developed by liquid vapours in
phase equilibrium (saturation) with its liquid at a
particular temperature
Cavitation
Cavitation
Vapour Pressure of Liquid
Saturation Pressure of liquid below which liquid
gets converted into vapour or liquid boils

❑ For Pliq < Pvap : Boiling of liquid

Cavitation
Condition for Boiling:
Tliq > Tsat
Cavitation
Saturation temperature of water?
Cavitation
CAVITATION
❑ For Pliq<Pvap:
Liquid boils(Vapour bubbles form)
❑ These vapour bubbles are carried
away from low pressure region & their
sudden collapse (implosion) generate
extremely destructive high pressure
waves in flow which leads to noise,
vibration, erosion & reduces
performance of hydraulic machines.

❑ To avoid Cavitation
Pliq ≥ Pvap
Cavitation
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES
 Cavitation

1. Cavitation – Easily explained

2. Cavitation! Explained – HD
3. Soap Bubbles and Soap Films
– Demonstrations in Physics
(Julius Summer Miller)
FLUID & ITS PROPERTIES