Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths

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Book Name: NCERT Solutions
Exercise 5.1

Question 1:
 3 
Express the given complex number in the form a  ib :  5i    i 
 5 
Solution 1:
3 
 5i  
3
i   5   i  i
 5  5
 3i 2
 3  1 i 2  1
=3

Question 2:
Express the given complex number in the form a  ib :i 9  i19
Solution 2:
i 9  i19  i 421  i 443
  i 4   i   i 4   i3
2 4

 1 i  1  i  i 4  1, i 3  i 
 i   i 
0

Question 3:
Express the given complex number in the form a  ib : i 39
Solution 3:
i 39  i 493   i 4   i 3
9

 1  i 3
9
i 4  1
1 1
  i 3  i 
i 3 i

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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1 i
 
i i
 i i
 2  i i 2  1
i 1

Question 4:
Express the given complex number in the form a a  ib :
3  7  i7   i  7  i7 
Solution 4:
3  7  i 7   i  7  i 7   21  21i  7i  7i 2
 21  28i  7   1  i 2  1
 14  28i

Question 5:
Express the given complex number in the form a  ib : 1  i    1  i 6  .
Solution 5:
1  i    1  i6   1  i  1  6i
 2  7i

Question 6:
1 2  5
Express the given complex number in the form a  ib :   i    4  i 
5 5  2
Solution 6:
1 2  5
 i 4i 
5 5  2
1 2 5
  i4 i
5 5 2
1  2 5
   4  i  
5  5 2

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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19  21 
 i 
5  10 
19 21
  i
5 10

Question 7:
 1 7   1   4 
Express the given complex number in the form a  ib :   i    4  i       i 
 3 3   3   3 
Solution 7:
 1 7   1    4 
 3  i 3    4  i 3     3  i 
     
1 7 1 4
  i  4 i  i
3 3 3 3
1 4 7 1 
   4    i    1
3 3 3 3 
17 5
 i
3 3

Question 8:
Express the given complex number in the form a  ib : 1  i 
4

Solution 8:
2
1  i   1  i  
4 2
 
2
 12  i 2  2i 

 1  1  2i 
2

  2i 
2

  2i    2i 
 4i 2  4 i 2  1

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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Question 9:
3
1 
Express the given complex number in the form a  ib :   3i 
3 
Solution 9:
3 3
1  1 1 1 
  3i       3i   3    3i    3i 
3

3   3  3 3 
1 1 
  27i 3  3i   3i 
27 3 
1
  27  i   i  9i 2 i 3  i 
27
1
  27i  i  9 i 2  1
27
 1 
   9   i  27  1
 27 
242
  26i
27

Question 10:
3
 1 
Express the given complex number in the form a  ib :  2  i 
 3 
Solution 10:
3 3
 1  3 1 
 2  i    1  2  i 
 3   3 
 3  i 3  i  i 
  2     3  2    2  
 3  3  3  

 i3  i 
  8   2i  2  
 27  3 
 i 2i 2 
  8   4i   i 3  i 
 27 3 
 i 2
  8   4i   i  1
2

 27 3

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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 22 107i 
  
3 27 
22 107
  i
3 27

Question 11:
Find the multiplicative inverse of the complex number 4  3i .
Solution 11:
Let z  4  3i
Then,
z  4  3i and z  42   3  16  9  25
2

Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of 4  3i is given by

z 4  3i 4 3
z 1  2
   i
z 25 25 25

Question 12:
Find the multiplicative inverse of the complex number 5  3i
Solution 12:
Let z  5  3i

 5
2
Then, z  5  3i and z   32  5  9  14
2

Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of 5  3i

z 5  3i 5 3i
z 1  2
  
z 14 14 14

Question 13:
Find the multiplicative inverse of the complex number i
Solution 13:
Let z  i
Then, z  i and z  12  1
2

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of i is given by

z i
z 1   i
2
z 1

Question 14:
Express the following expression in the form of a  ib .
3  i 5 3  i 5 
 3  2i    3  i 2 
Solution 14:
3  i 5 3  i 5 
 3  2i    3  i 2 
 3   i 5 
2 2

  a  b  a  b   a 2  b 2 
3  2i  3  2i
9  5i 2

2 2i
9  5  1
 i 2  1
2 2i
95 i
 
2 2i i
14i

2 2i 2
14i

2 2  1
7i 2
 
2 2
7 2i

2

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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Exercise 5.2

Question 1:
Find the modulus and the argument of the complex number z  1  i 3
Solution 1:
z  1  i 3
Let r cos  1 and r sin    3
On squaring and adding, we obtain
 r cos     r sin     1   3  
2 2 2 2

 r 2  cos 2   sin 2    1  3

 r2  4 cos2   sin 2   1

r  4  2  Conventionally, r  0
 Modulus = 2
 2 cos   1 and 2sin    3
1  3
 cos   and sin  
2 2
Since both the values of sin  and cos  negative and sin  and cos  are negative in III
quadrant,
   2
Argument       
 3 3
2
Thus, the modulus and argument of the complex number 1  3i are 2 and  respectively.
3

Question 2:
Find the modulus and the argument of the complex number z   3  i
Solution 2:
z   3i
Let r cos    3 and r sin   1
On squaring and adding, we obtain

 
2
r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2    3  12

 r2  3 1  4 cos   sin   1

2 2

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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r  4 2  Conventionally, r  0
 Modulus = 2
 2 cos    3 and 2sin   1
 3 1
 cos   and sin  
2 2
 5
     [As  lies in the II quadrant]
6 6
5
Thus, the modulus an argument of the complex number  3  i are 2 and respectively.
6

Question 3:
Convert the given complex number in polar form: 1  i
Solution 3:
1 i
Let r cos  1 and r sin   1
On squaring and adding, we obtain
r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2   12   1
2

 r 2  cos 2   sin 2    1  1
 r2  2
r  2 Conventionally, r  0
 2 sin   1
2 cos   1 and
1 1
 cos   and sin   
2 2

   As  lies in the IV quadrant 
4
         
 1  i  r cos   i r sin   2 cos     i 2 sin     2 cos     i sin    
 4  4   4  4 
This is the required polar form.

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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Question 4:
Convert the given complex number in polar form: 1  i
Solution 4:
1  i
Let r cos  1 and r sin   1
On squaring and adding, we obtain
r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2    1  12
2

 r 2  cos 2   sin 2    1  1
 r2  2
r  2 [Conventionally, r > 0]
 2 cos   1 and 2 sin   1
1
 cos    and 2 sin   1
2
 3
     [As  lies in the II quadrant]
4 4
It can be written,
3 3  3 3 
  1  i  r cos   i r sin   2 cos  i 2 sin  2  cos  i sin 
4 4  4 4 
This is the required polar form.

Question 5:
Convert the given complex number in polar form: 1  i
Solution 5:
1  i
Let r cos  1 and r sin   1
On squaring and adding, we obtain
r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2    1   1
2 2

 r 2  cos2   sin 2    1  1
 r2  2
r  2 [Conventionally, r  0 ]
 2 cos   1 and 2 sin   1
1 1
 cos    and sin   
2 2

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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  3
        [As  lies in the III quadrant]
 4 4
3 3  3 3 
  1  i  r cos   i r sin   2 cos  i 2 sin  2  cos  i sin 
4 4  4 4 
This is the required polar form.

Question 6:
Convert the given complex number in polar form: 3
Solution 6:
3
Let r cos  3 and r sin   0
On squaring and adding, we obtain
r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2    3
2

 r 2  cos 2   sin 2    9
 r2  9
r  9 3 [Conventionally, r > 0]
 3cos   3 and 3sin   0
 cos  1 and sin  0
  
  3  r cos   i r sin   3cos   i 3sin   3  cos   i sin  
This is the required polar form.

Question 7:
Convert the given complex number in polar form: 3 i
Solution 7:
3 i
Let r cos   3 and r sin   1
On squaring and adding, we obtain

 3
2
r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2    12

 r 2  cos 2   sin 2    3  1

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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 r2  4
r  4 2 Conventionally, r  0
 2 cos   3 and 2sin   1
3 1
 cos   and sin  
2 2

  [As  lies in the I quadrant]
6
    
 3  i  r cos   i r sin   2 cos  i 2sin  2  cos  i sin 
6 6  6 6
This is the required polar form.

Question 8:
Convert the given complex number in polar form: i
Solution 8:
i
Let r cos   0 and r sin   1
On squaring and adding, we obtain
r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2   02  12
 r 2  cos 2   sin 2    1
 r2  1
 r  1 1 Conventionally, r  0
 cos   0 and sin   1


2
 
 i  r cos   i r sin   cos  i sin
2 2
This is the required polar form.

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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Exercise 5.3

Question 1:
Solve the equation x 2  3  0
Solution 1:
The given quadratic equation is x 2  3  0
On comparing the given equation with ax 2  bx  c  0,
We obtain a  1, b  0, and c  3
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b 2  4ac  02  4  1 3  12
Therefore, the required solutions are
b  D  12  12i  1  i
    
2a 2 1 2
2 3i
   3i
2

Question 2:
Solve the equation 2 x 2  x  1  0
Solution 2:
The given quadratic equation is 2 x 2  x  1  0
On comparing the given equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 ,
We obtain a  2, b  1 and c  1
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b 2  4ac  12  4  2 1  1  8  7
Therefore, the required solutions are
b  D 1  7 1  7i  1  i 
   
2a 2 2 4

Question 3:
Solve the equation x 2  3 x  9  0
Solution 3:
The given quadratic equation is x 2  3 x  9  0

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Class XI Chapter 5 – Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Maths
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On comparing the given equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 ,

We obtain a  1, b  3, and c  9
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b 2  4ac  32  4  1 9  9  36  27
Therefore, the required solutions are
b  D 3  27 3  3 3 3  3 3i  1  i 
    
2a 2 1 2 2

Question 4:
Solve the equation  x 2  x  2  0
Solution 4:
The given quadratic equation is  x 2  x  2  0
On comparing the given equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 ,
We obtain a  1, b  1, and c  2
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b 2  4ac  12  4   1   2   1  8  7
Therefore, the required solutions are
b  D 1  7 1  7i  1  i 
   
2a 2  1 2

Question 5:
Solve the equation x 2  3 x  5  0
Solution 5:
The given quadratic equation is x 2  3 x  5  0
On comparing the given equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 ,
We obtain a  1, b  3, and c  5
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b 2  4ac  32  4 1 5  9  20  11
Therefore, the required solutions are
b  D 3  11 3  11 i  1  i 
   
2a 2 1 2

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Question 6:
Solve the equation x 2  x  2  0
Solution 6:
The given quadratic equation is x 2  x  2  0
On comparing the given equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 ,
We obtain a  1, b  1, and c  2
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b2  4ac   1  4 1 2  1  8  7
2

Therefore, the required solutions are

b  D   1  7 1  7i  1  i 
   
2a 2 1 2

Question 7:
Solve the equation 2 x2  x  2  0
Solution 7:
The given quadratic equation is 2x2  x  2  0
On comparing the given equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 ,
We obtain a  2, b  1, and c  2
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b2  4ac  12  4  2  2  1  8  7
Therefore, the required solutions are
b  D 1  7 1  7i  1  i 
   
2a 2 2 2 2

Question 8:
Solve the equation 3x 2  2 x  3 3  0
Solution 8:
The given quadratic equation is 3x 2  2 x  3 3  0
On comparing the given equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 ,
We obtain a  3, b   2, and c  3 3
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is

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   3 3 3   2  36  34
2
D  b 2  4ac   2 4
Therefore, the required solutions are

b  D   2  34



2  34 i   1  i 
2a 2 3 2 3  

Question 9:
1
Solve the equation x 2  x  0
2
Solution 9:
1
The given quadratic equation is x 2  x  0
2
This equation can also be written as 2 x2  2 x  1  0
On comparing the given equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 , we obtain a  2, b  2, and c  1

 Discriminant  D   b 2  4ac   2  2  1  2  4
2
 4 2
Therefore, the required solutions are

b  D  2  2  4 2  2  2 1  2 2
 
 
2a 2 2 2 2
  2  2 2 2 1


  i   1  i 
  
 2 2 
 


1   2 2 1 i 
2

Question 10:
x
Solve the equation x 2  1  0
2
Solution 10:
x
The given quadratic equation is x 2  1  0
2

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This equation can also be written as 2x2  x  2  0

On comparing the given equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 ,
We obtain a  2, b  1, and c  2
 Discriminant  D   b2  4ac  12  4  2  2  1  8  7
Therefore, the required solutions are
b  D 1  7 1  7 i  1  i 
   
2a 2 2 2 2

Miscellaneous Exercise

Question 1:
3
 1 
25

Evaluate: i18    
  i  
Solution 1:
3
 18  1 25 
i    
  i  
3
 1 
 i 44 2  461 
 i 
3
 
  i 4   i 2 
4 1 

  i   i 
4 6

3
 1
 i 2   i  1
4

 i
3
 1 i
  1    i 2  1
 i i
3
 i
  1  2 
 i 
  1  i 
3

  1 1  i 
3 3

  13  i 3  3 1 i 1  i  

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  1  i 3  3i  3i 2 
  1  i  3i  3
   2  2i 
 2  2i

Question 2:
For any two complex numbers z1 and z 2 , prove that
Re  z1 z2   Re z1 Re z2  Im z1 Im z2
Solution 2:
Let z1  x1  iy1 and z2  x2  iy2
 z1 z2   x1  iy1  x2  iy2 
 x1  x2  iy2   iy1  x2  iy2 
 x1 x2  ix1 y2  iy1 x2  i 2 y1 y2
 x1 x2  ix1 y2  iy1 x2  y1 y2 i 2  1

  x1 x2  y1 y2   i  x1 y2  y1 x2 
 Re  z1 z2   x1 x2  y1 y2
 Re  z1 z2   Re z1 Re z2  Im z1 Im z2
Hence, proved.

Question 3:
 1 2   3  4i 
Reduce    
 1  4i 1  i   5  i 
Solution 3:
 1 2  3  4i   1  i   2 1  4i    3  4i 
    
 1  4i 1  i  5  i   1  4i 1  i    5  i 
 1  i  2  8i   3  4i   1  9i   3  4i 
 
1  i  4i  4i   5  i   5  3i   5  i 
2

 3  4i  27i  36i 2  33  31i 33  31i

 2 
 
 25  5i  15i  3i  28  10i 2 14  5i 

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
 33  31i   14  5i  [On multiplying numerator and denominator by 14  5i  ]
2 14  5i  14  5i 
462  165i  434i  155i 2 307  599i
 
2 14    5i  
2 2
2 196  25i 2 
 
307  599i 307  599i 307 599i
   
2  221 442 442 442
This is the required standard form.

Question 4:
a  ib a 2  b2
If x  iy  prove that  x 2  y 2   2
c  id c  d2
Solution 4:
a  ib
x  iy 
c  id
a  ib c  id
  [On multiplying numerator and denominator by  c  id  ]
c  id c  id


 ac  bd   i  ad  bc 
c2  d 2

  x  iy  
2  ac  bd   i  ad  bc 
c2  d 2

 x 2  y 2  2ixy 
 ac  bd   i  ad  bc 
c2  d 2
On comparing real and imaginary parts, we obtain
ac  bd ad  bc
x2  y 2  2 ,  2 xy  2 ...... 1
c d 2
c  d2
x  y 2    x2  y 2   4 x2 y 2
2 2 2

 ac  bd   ad  bc 
2

 2 2 
 2 2 
[Using (1)]
 c d   c d 
a 2 c 2  b 2 d 2  2acbd  a 2 d 2  b 2 c 2  2adbc

c  d2
2 2

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a 2c 2  b 2 d 2  a 2 d 2  b 2c 2

c  d2
2 2

a 2  c2  d 2   b2  c2  d 2 

c  d  2 2 2


 c  d  a  b 
2 2 2 2

c  d 2 2 2

a 2  b2

c2  d 2
Hence, proved.

Question 5:
Convert the following in the polar form:
1  7i 1  3i
(i) , (ii)
2  i 1  2i
2

Solution 5:
1  7i
(i) Here, z 
2  i
2

1  7i 1  7i 1  7i
  
2  i 4  i  4i 4  1  4i
2 2

1  7i 3  4i 3  4i  21i  28i 2
  
3  4i 3  4i 32  42
3  4i  21i  28 25  25i
 
32  42 25
 1  i
Let r cos  1 and r sin   1
On squaring and adding, we obtain r 2  cos 2   sin 2    1
 r 2  cos2   sin 2    2
 r2  2 cos 2   sin 2   1

r  2 [Conventionally, r  0 ]
 2 cos   1 and 2 sin   1

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1 1
 cos   and sin  
2 2
 3
     [As  lies in II quadrant]
4 4
 z  r cos   i r sin 
3 3  3 3 
 2 cos  i 2 sin  2  cos  i sin 
4 4  4 4 
This is the required polar form.
1  3i
(ii) Here, z 
1  2i
1  3i 1  2i
 
1  2i 1  2i
1  2i  3i  6

1 4
5  5i
  1  i
5
Let r cos  1 and r sin 
 1 on squaring and adding, we obtain r 2  cos2   sin 2  
 1 1
 r 2  cos2   sin 2    2
 r2  2 cos 2   sin 2   1

r  2  Conventionally, r  0
 2 cos   1 and 2 sin   1
1 1
 cos   and sin  
2 2
 3
     [As  lies in II quadrant]
4 4
 z  r cos   i r sin 
3 3  3 3 
 2 cos  i 2 sin  2  cos  i sin 
4 4  4 4 
This is the required polar form.

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Question 6:
20
Solve the equation 3 x 2  4 x  0
3
Solution 6:
20
The given quadratic equation is 3 x 2  4 x  0
3
This equation can also be written as 9 x 2  12 x  20  0
On comparing this equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 , we obtain a  9, b  12 and c  20
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b2  4ac   12   4  9  20  144  720  576
2

Therefore, the required solutions are

b  D  12   576 12  576 i  
   1  i 
2a 29 18
12  24i 6  2  4i  2  4i 2 4
     i
18 18 3 3 3

Question 7:
3
Solve the equation x 2  2 x  0
2
Solution 7:
3
The given quadratic equation is x 2  2 x  0
2
This equation can also be written as 2 x 2  4 x  3  0
On comparing this equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 , we obtain a  2, b  4 and c  3
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b2  4ac   4   4  2  3  16  24  8
2

Therefore, the required solutions are

b  D   4   8 4  2 2 i  1  i 
   
2a 2 2 4
2  2i 2
  1 i
2 2

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Question 8:
Solve the equation 27 x 2  10 x  1  0
Solution 8:
The given quadratic equation is 27 x 2  10 x  1  0
On comparing this equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 , we obtain a  27, b  10 and c  1
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b2  4ac   10   4  27 1  100  108  8
2

Therefore, the required solutions are

b  D   10   8 10  2 2 i  1  i 
   
2a 2  27 54
5  2i 5 2
   i
27 27 27

Question 9:
Solve the equation 21x 2  28 x  10  0
Solution 9:
The given quadratic equation is 21x 2  28 x  10  0
On comparing this equation with ax 2  bx  c  0 , we obtain a  21, b  28 and c  10
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
D  b2  4ac   28  4  2110  784  840  56
2

Therefore, the required solutions are

b  D   28  56 28  56 i  1  i 
   
2a 2  21 42
28  2 14 i 28 2 14 2 14
   i  i
42 42 42 3 21

Question 10:
z1  z2  1
If z1  2  i, z2  1  i, find
z1  z2  i
Solution 10:
z1  2  i, z2  1  i

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z1  z2  1  2  i   1  i   1
 
z1  z2  1  2  i   1  i   1

4 4
 
2  2i 2 1  i 

2 1 i 2 1  i 
   2 2
1  i 1  i 1  i 

2 1  i 
 i 2  1
11
2 1  i 

2

 1  i  12  12  2
z1  z2  1
Thus, the value of is 2.
z1  z2  1

Question 11:
x  1
2
 x  i
2 2

If a  ib  , prove that a  b 2 2

2 x2  1  2 x  1
2

Solution 11:
 x  i
2

a  ib 
2 x2  1
x 2  i 2  2 xi

2x2  1
x2 1  i2 x

2 x2  1
x2 1  2 x 
 i 
2 x2  1  2 x2  1 
On comparing real and imaginary parts, we obtain
x2 1 2x
a 2 and b  2
2x 1 2x 1

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2
 x2 1   2 x 
2

a b   2
2
  2
2

 2x 1   2x 1 
x4  1  2 x2  4 x2

 2 x  1
2

x4  1  2 x2

 2 x  1 2 2

 x  12 2


 2 x  1
2 2

 x  1 2 2

 a 2  b2 
 2 x  1 2 2

Hence, proved.

Question 12:
zz   1 
Let z1  2  i, z2  2  i . Find (i ) Re  1 2  , (ii ) Im  
 z1   z1 z1 
Solution 12:
z1  2  i, z2  2  i
(i) z1 z2   2  i  2  i   4  2i  2i  i 2  4  4i   1  3  4i
z1  2  i
zz 3  4i
 1 2 
z1 2i
On multiplying numerator and denominator by  2  i  , we obtain
z1 z2  3  4i  2  i  6  3i  8i  4i 2 6  11i  4  1
  
z1  2  i  2  i  22  12 22  12
2  11i 2 11
   i
5 5 5
On comparing real parts, we obtain
 z z  2
Re  1 2  
 z1  5
1 1 1 1
(ii)   
z1 z1  2  i  2  i   2   1
2 2
5

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On comparing imaginary parts, we obtain

 1 
Im  0
 z1 z1 

Question 13:
1  2i
Find the modulus and argument of the complex number
1  3i
Solution 13:
1  3i
Let z  , then
1  3i
1  2i 1  3i 1  3i  2i  6i 2 1  5i  6  1
z   
1  3i 1  3i 12  32 1 9
5  5i 5 5i 1 1
     i
10 10 10 2 2
Let z  r cos  ir sin 
1 1
i.e., r cos   and r sin  
2 2
On squaring and adding, we obtain
 1   1 
2 2

r  cos   sin        
2 2 2

 2  2
1 1 1
 r2   
4 4 2
1
r Conventionally, r  0
2
1 1 1 1
 cos   and sin  
2 2 2 2
1 1
 cos   and sin  
2 2
 3
     [As  lies in the II quadrant]
4 4
1 3
Therefore, the modulus and argument of the given complex number are and
2 4
respectively.

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Question 14:
Find the real numbers x and y if  x  iy  3  5i  is the conjugate of 6  24i .
Solution 14:
Let z   x  iy  3  5i 
z  3x  5 xi  3 yi  5 yi 2  3 x  5 xi  3 yi  5 y   3 x  5 y   i  5 x  3 y 
 z   3x  5 y   i  5 x  3 y 
It is given that, z  6  24 i
  3 x  5 y   i  5 x  3 y   6  24i
Equating real and imaginary parts, we obtain
3x  5 y  6 ........  i 
5 x  3 y  24 ........  ii 
Multiplying equation (i) by 3 and equation (ii) by 5 and then adding them, we obtain
9 x  15 y  18
25 x  15 y  120
34 x  102
102
x 3
34
Putting the value of x in equation (i), we obtain
3  3   5 y  6
 5 y  6  9  15
 y  3
Thus, the values of x and y are 3 and 3 respectively.

Question 15:
1 i 1 i
Find the modulus of  .
1 i 1 i
Solution 15:
1  i 1  i 1  i   1  i 
2 2

 
1 i 1 i 1  i 1  i 
1  i 2  2i  1  i 2  2i

12  12

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4i
  2i
2
1 i 1 i
   2i  22  2
1 i 1 i

Question 16:
  4  x2  y 2 
u v
If  x  iy   u  iv, then show that:
3

x y
Solution 16:
 x  iy   u  iv
3

 x3   iy   3  x  iy  x  iy   u  iv
3

 x3  i3 y3  3x 2 yi  3xy 2i 2  u  iv
 x3  iy3  3x2 yi  3xy 2  u  iv
  x3  3xy 2   i  3x 2 y  y 3   u  iv
On equating real and imaginary parts, we obtain
u  x3  3xy 2 , v  3x 2 y  y 3
u v x3  3xy 2 3x 2 y  y 3
   
x y x y
x  x2  3 y 2  y  3x 2  y 2 
 
x y
 x  3 y  3x  y
2 2 2 2

 4 x2  4 y 2
 4  x2  y 2 

  4  x2  y 2 
u v

x y
Hence, proved.

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Question 17:
 
If  and  are different complex numbers with   1, then find
1  
Solution 17:
Let   a  ib and   x  iy
It is given that,   1

 x2  y 2  1
 x 2  y 2  1 .......  i 

 

 x  iy    a  ib 
1 1   a  ib  x  iy 


 x  a  i  y  b
1   ax  aiy  ibx  by 


 x  a  i  y  b
1  ax  by   i  bx  ay 


 x  a  i  y  b  z1 z 
 1

1  ax  by   i  bx  ay   z2 z2 

 x  a   y  b
2 2


1  ax  by    bx  ay 
2 2

x 2  a 2  2ax  y 2  b 2  2by

1  a 2 x 2  b 2 y 2  2ax  2abxy  2by  b 2 x 2  a 2 y 2  2abxy

 x  y   a  b  2ax  2by
2 2 2 2


1  a  x  y   b  y  x   2ax  2by
2 2 2 2 2 2

1  a 2  b 2  2ax  2by
  Using 1 
1  a 2  b 2  2ax  2by
 
 1
1  

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Question 18:
Find the number of non-zero integral solutions of the equation 1  i  2 x
x

Solution 18:
1  i  2x
x

  2
x
 12   1
2 x

 2
x
  2x

 2x / 2  2x
x
 x
2
 x  2x
 2x  x  0
x0
Thus, 0 is the only integral solution of the given equation. Therefore, the number of nonzero
integral solutions of the given equation is 0.

Question 19:
If  a  ib  c  id  e  if  g  ih   A  iB, , then show that:

a 2
 b2  c 2  d 2  e2  f 2  g 2  h 2   A2  B 2 .
Solution 19:
 a  ib  c  id  e  if  g  ih   A  iB
  a  ib  c  id  e  if  g  ih   A  iB

  a  ib    c  id    e  if    g  ih   A  iB  z1 z2  z1 z2 

 a 2  b2  c 2  d 2  e2  f 2  g 2  h 2  A2  B 2
On squaring both sides, we obtain
a 2
 b2  c 2  d 2  e2  f 2  g 2  h 2   A2  B 2 . Hence proved.

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Question 20:
 1 i 
m

If    1 then find the least positive integral value of m.

 1 i 
Solution 20:
 1 i 
m

  1
 1 i 
 1 i 1 i 
m

   1
 1 i 1 i 
m
 1  i  2 
  2 2  1
 1 1 
 
m
 12  i 2  2i 
  1
 2 
 1  1  2i 
m

  1
 2 
m
 2i 
  1
2
 im  1
 i m  i 4k
 m  4k , where k is some integer.
Therefore, the least positive integer is 1.
Thus, the least positive integral value of m is 4   4 1 .

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