Unit 8I

Heating and Cooling

Name: ……………………………..

Year 8: …………

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Unit 8 I: Heating and Cooling
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Temperature
Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and
cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as
warm or hot. Quantitatively, temperature is measured with thermometers, which may be calibrated to a
variety of temperature scales.

Temperature Scales
The degree Fahrenheit (°F) is a unit of temperature named for the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit
(1686 - 1736). In the Fahrenheit scale of temperature the freezing point of water is 32 degrees and the
boiling point is 212 degrees placing the boiling and melting points of water 180 degrees apart. Zero degrees
Fahrenheit indicates the lowest temperature Fahrenheit could obtain by a mixture of ice and salt.

The degree Celsius (°C) is a unit of temperature named for the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701-
1744) who first proposed it. The Celsius temperature scale was designed so that the freezing point of water
is 0 degrees and the boiling point is 100 degrees at standard atmospheric pressure. Since there are one
hundred steps between these two reference points the original term for this system was Centigrade (100
parts).

The degree Kelvin is a unit of temperature represented by the letter "K". Kelvin is based on zero, called
absolute zero, where no heat energy exists in a substance.

Fahrenheit and Celsius Conversion Formulas

Fahrenheit to Celsius: Celsius to Fahrenheit:

C = (F - 32) × F=C× + 32
Examples

1- How many degrees Celsius are 68 degrees Fahrenheit?

Replace Fahrenheit with 68 and solve for Celsius:

C = (68 - 32) * 5/9
C = 36 * 5/9
C = 20
20°C is equivalent to 68°F

2- How many degrees Fahrenheit are 25 degrees Celsius?

Replace Celsius with 25 and solve for Fahrenheit:

F = 25* 9/5 + 32
F = 45 + 32
F = 77
25°C is equivalent to 77°F

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Kelvin and Celsius Conversion Formulas:

Kelvin to Celsius: Celsius to Kelvin:

C = K – 273.15 K = C + 273.15

Examples

1- How many degrees Celsius are 280 degrees Kelvin?

Replace Kelvin with 280 and solve for Celsius:

C = 280 – 273.15
C = 6.85
6.85°C is equivalent to 280K

2- How many degrees Kelvin are 25 degrees Celsius?

Replace Celsius with 25 and solve for Kelvin:

K = 25 + 273.15
K = 298.15
25°C is equivalent to 298.15K

Kelvin and Fahrenheit Conversion Formulas:

Fahrenheit to Kelvin: Kelvin to Fahrenheit:

K – 273.15 = (F - 32) × F = (K – 273.15) × + 32

Examples

1- How many degrees Kelvin are 68 degrees Fahrenheit?

Replace Fahrenheit with 68 and solve for Kelvin:

K - 273.15 = (68 - 32) * 5/9
K - 273.15 = 36 * 5/9
K – 273.15 = 20
K = 20 + 273.15
K = 293.15
293.15K is equivalent to 68°F

2- How many degrees Fahrenheit are 25 degrees Kelvin?

Replace Kelvin with 25 and solve for Fahrenheit:

F = (25 – 273.15) * 9/5 + 32
F = -248 * 9/5 + 32
F = -446.67 + 32
F = -414.67
25K is equivalent to -414.67°F

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Q1:

Complete the sentences:

Q2:

Complete the sentences:

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Q11:

These sentences are about conduction, but they have been jumbled up.
Put them in the right order. The first and the last sentences have been marked for you.

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Q12:

Q13:

Complete the sentences

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Q14:

Q15:

Sort the statements below into two groups:

Group1: things that might help to keep your house warmer in winter.
Group2: things that might make your house cooler in winter.

Statements:
Putting into double glazing
Insulating the loft
Leaving the curtains open at night
Fitting draught excluders
Leaving the window open
Fitting a curtains behind the front door
Changing the carpet for a tiled floor
Turning the thermostat down a bit on the central heating

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