COURSE TITLE: STRUCTURE SYSTEM L -2 T -0 P-0

COURSE CODE: ARC-054

CA CATEGORY:
EXAM CATEGORY: All Subjective

WEEK NO.: 1 LECTURE NO.:2

LECTURE DETAIL : Natural and Man Made Structures

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: AR. KAMAL UID: 23704

LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE

 Structural Systems
The Structural systems or structural frames can be defined as
the assembly of inter-related or inter-dependent elements
which forms a complex structure, and they are designed and
built for resisting different loads.
The structural systems are the combinations of elements
which serve a common purpose. The elements of structural
systems can be related to the bones of the human body. If
bones are weak and not properly aligned and integrated into
the human body, then the human body would not be able to
work or perform well. In the same way, if the structural
systems are not proper then it would not be able to take loads.

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 Structural Systems
A building can also be understood as a physical
embodiment of a number of systems and
subsystems integrated with each other forming
building as a whole.
The structural system for a building particularly
consists of a stable assembly of structural elements
designed and constructed to support and transit
applied loads safely to the ground where in its each
member has a unique behaviour under the applied
loads.

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 Structural Systems
The structural systems as the whole are divided in
into different systems:

Load Bearing System

Framed System
Shell System
Strut and Tie

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 Functions of Structural Systems
The functions of Structural Systems are:
• to resist loads acting on structures and
provide a skeleton in the building which
encloses and subdivides space to provide
a protected environment.

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 Natural & Man Made Structures
A lot of frame structures use triangles to
achieve their strength. A rectangular structure
increases its strength by adding diagonal
members named trusses. Shell structures rely
on the shape. Corrugated roofing sheets, egg
shells or egg boxes are made from thin,
sometimes flexible materials and yet they are
surprisingly strong. It is the folds and curves
that make this structure strong.

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 Natural &
Man Made Structures

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 Natural &
Man Made Structures

Beavers Dam- Man Made Dams

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 Natural & Man Made Structures

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 Natural & Man Made Structures

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 Natural &
Man Made Structures

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 Natural & Man Made Structures

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 Natural & Man Made Structures
Exercise
Try to break an egg while pressing it in one of your hands and
you will realise how difficult it is. In similar terms we can see
that a hollow stem supports its load as in the case of a metal
tube supporting a TV aerial. Nature and Man Made Structures.
Man structures are either frame structures, shell structures or
a mixture of the two. They are all based on structures found in
nature. Spider webs and leaves are examples of frame
structures that men apply in objects such as an umbrella. LEAF
UMBRELLASPIDERS WEB TRUSSES EGG BOX TV AERIAL Find the
correct words that correspond to these pictures.

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 Natural & Man Made Structures
Exercise

Paper folding

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 Natural & Man Made Structures
Basic Structural Principles: All
structures have to stand static and
dynamic loads or forces. - Compression
tends to crush or squash the structure. -
Tension pulls it apart or stretches it. -
Bending is a combination of
compression and tension. - Torsion acts
to twist a structure.
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