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Week 9 Lecture Material - Watermark
Week 9 Lecture Material - Watermark
𝐾𝐿
For = 80.53, 𝑓𝑦 = 250 MPa and buckling class c, the
𝑟 𝑒
design compressive stress from Table 9c of IS 800 :2007
136−121
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 136 − × 0.53 = 135.2 MPa
10
𝑉𝐶 28750×1400
Moment, 𝑀 = = = 10.06 × 106 N-mm
2𝑁 2×2
Check
i) For end battens
62891 250
Shear stress = = 23.12 MPa < = 131.22 MPa
340×8 3×1.1
6𝑀 6×10.06×106
Bending stress = =
𝑡𝑑 2 8×3402
250
= 65.27 MPa < = 227.27 MPa
1.1
Hence safe.
Kb = 0.53
Strength of bolt in bearing = 2.5𝑘𝑏 𝑑𝑡𝑓𝑢 /𝛾𝑚𝑏
410
= 2.5 × 0.53 × 20 × 8 × × 10−3 = 69.5 kN
1.25
Hence, strength of bolt = 45.27 kN
62891
Number of bolts required = = 1.39
45.27×103
Let us provide four bolts to take account the stresses due to
bending moments as well.
Check for combined action: For end battens
62891
Force in each bolt due to shear = = 15723 N
4
Pitch provided = (D-2e)/3= (340-2×35)/3 = 90 mm.
𝑟 2 = 2[(90/2)2+(90+90/2)2) = 2[452+1352] = 40500 mm2
𝑀𝑟 10.06×106 ×135
Force due to moment = = = 33533 N
𝑟2 40500
𝑀𝑟 10.06×106 ×115.5
Force due to moment = = = 39195 N
𝑟2 29645
20 mm bolt
Intermediate batten
1400 mm
420 mm×300 mm×8 mm
ISMC 350
End batten
420 mm×340 mm×8 mm
220 mm
220 mm 350 mm
DESIGN OF BATTEN
PLATES USING WELD
CONNECTION
Example: A batten column of 10-m long is carrying a factored
load of 1150 kN. The column is restrained in position but not in
direction at both ends. Design a built up column using channel
sections placed back to back.
Design batten plates using weld connection.
Solution:
Design of column:
𝑃 = 1150 kN = 1150 × 103 N
L = 1.0 × 10 × 103 = 10000 mm
Let design axial compressive stress for the column be 125 MPa
1150×103
Required area = = 9200 mm2
125
𝐾𝐿
For = 80.53, 𝑓𝑦 = 250 MPa and buckling class c, the
𝑟 𝑒
design compressive stress from Table 9c of IS 800 :2007
136;121
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 136 − × 0.53 = 135.2 MPa
10
𝑉𝐶 28750×1400
Moment, 𝑀 = = = 10.06 × 106 N-mm
2𝑁 2×2
Check
i) For end battens.
62891 250
Shear stress = = 38.82 MPa < = 131.22 MPa
270×6 3×1.1
6𝑀 6×10.06×106
Bending stress = =
𝑡𝑑 2 6×2702
250
= 138 MPa < = 227.27 MPa
1.1
Hence safe.
10.06×106 ×115.43
Shear stress due to bending moment =
406.49×104 𝑡
285.67
= N/mm2
𝑡
Combined stress due to shear and bending
2 2
108.43 285.67 108.43 285.67
= + +2× × × 0.3
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
334.59 410
= < = 189.4
𝑡 3 × 1.25
or 𝑡 = 1.77 mm
Size of weld = 1.77/0.7 = 2.5 mm
The size of weld should not be less than 5 mm for 13.5 mm
flange.
Hence provide a 5 mm weld to make the connection.
Channels back-to-back connected by welding:
5 mm weld
Intermediate batten
1400 mm
360 mm×220 mm×6 mm
ISMC 350
End batten
360 mm×270 mm×6 mm
220 mm
220 mm 350 mm
Design of Column Splices
Splices
If the ends are not machined, the splice and connections are
design to resist the total axial load and any tension, if present
due to the bending moment.
Steps for the design of splice
• The load for the design of splice and connection due to axial
load,
𝑃𝑢
𝑃𝑢1 = (for machined ends)
4
𝑃𝑢
𝑃𝑢1 = (for non machined ends)
2
Where, 𝑃𝑢 is the axial factored load.
Where, lever arm is the c/c distance of the two splice plates and
𝑀𝑢 is the factored bending moment.
Steps for the design of splice
2. Splice plates are assumed to act as short columns (with zero
slenderness ratio). So these plates will be subjected to yield
stress (𝑓𝑦 ).
𝑀𝑢 40×103
Load on splice due to moment = = = 130.72 kN
𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑚 300+6
𝑃𝑠 255.72×103
Sectional area of splice plate required = =
𝑓𝑦 250
= 1022.9 mm2
Width of the splice plate should be kept equal to the width of
the flange.
Here, the width of the splice plate = 250 mm
1022.9
Hence, thickness of splice plate = = 4.09 mm ≮ 6 mm
250
Provide a 250×6 mm splice plate.
𝑘𝑏 is smaller of
𝑒 35 𝑝 60
= = 0.53 , − 0.25 = − 0.25 = 0.66 ,
3𝑑0 3×22 3𝑑0 3×22
𝑓𝑢𝑏 400
= = 0.98 and 1.0
𝑓𝑢 410
Hence 𝑘𝑏 = 0.53
410
∴ Strength in bearing = 2.5 × 0.53 × 20 × 6 × × 10−3
1.25
= 52.15 kN
Hence, the strength of bolt (Bv) = 45.26 kN
𝑃𝑠 255.72
Number of bolts required, n = = = 5.65 ≈ 6
𝐵𝑣 45.26
𝑀𝑢 40×103
Load on splice due to moment = = = 130.72 kN
𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑚 300+6
𝑃𝑠 255.72×103
Sectional area of splice plate required = =
𝑓𝑦 250
= 1022.9mm2
Width of the splice plate should be kept equal to the width of
the flange.
Here, the width of the splice plate = 250 mm
1022.9
Hence, thickness of splice plate = = 4.09 mm ≮ 6 mm
250
Provide a 250×6 mm splice plate.
𝑘𝑏 is smaller of
𝑒 35 𝑝 60
= = 0.53 , − 0.25 = − 0.25 = 0.66 ,
3𝑑0 3×22 3𝑑0 3×22
𝑓𝑢𝑏 400
= = 0.98 and 1.0
𝑓𝑢 410
Hence 𝑘𝑏 = 0.53
410
∴ Strength in bearing = 2.5 × 0.53 × 20 × 6 × × 10−3
1.25
= 52.15kN
Hence, the strength of bolt (Bv) = 45.26 kN
𝑃𝑠 255.72
Number of bolts required, n = = = 5.65 ≈ 6
𝐵𝑣 45.26
66.06 kN
Hence, strength of 20 mm bolt = 66.06kN
Shear force in the web, 𝑉 = 120 kN
120
Number of bolts required = = 1.8 ≈ 2
66.06
𝑓𝑦
𝑉𝑑 = ×ℎ×𝑡
3 × 𝛾𝑚0
250
= × 130 × 2𝑡𝑠 × 10−3
3 × 1.1
= 34.12 𝑡𝑠 kN
Now, 𝑉𝑑 > 𝑉
or 34.12 𝑡𝑠 > 120
Thickness of the splice plate required,
120
𝑡𝑠 = = 3.52 mm ≮ 6mm
34.12
So provide a pair of 140×130×6 mm shear splice plates on each
side of the web as shown in the figure.
35
35 60 35
60
60 20 mm
35 140
35 bolts
60
60
35
ISHB
300
Front view Side view
INTRODUCTION TO FLEXURAL
MEMBERS: BEAMS
INTRODUCTION
• Flexural members or bending members are commonly called
BEAMS.
http://www.steel-bridges.com/
DIFFERENT TYPES OF BEAMS
• JOIST: A closely spaced beams supporting floors or roofs of
building but not supporting the other beams.
• The rolled steel channels and angle sections are used in those
cases where they can be designed and executed satisfactory.