DIGITAL SYATEMS 1

DIGITAL SYSTEMS

NAME

INSTITUTION AFFILIATED
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DIGITAL SYSTEMS

SYNCHRONOUS VERSUS ASSYNCHRONOUS COUNTERS

In asynchronous counters different flip flops are triggered with different clock and not

simultaneously, while in synchronous counters all the flip flops are triggered with the same clock

simultaneously.

Asynchronous counters operate only on fixed count sequence while synchronous counters

operate in any desired count sequence

Asynchronous counters produce decoding errors while synchronous counters do not

produce decoding errors.

Asynchronous counters have high propagation delay while synchronous counters have less

propagation delay.

DESIGNING A COUNTER STARTING FROM 0 OF MOD NUMBER X PROCEDURE

FOR

Find the smallest number of the flip flops such that 2N is greater or equals to X, connect them as

a counter if 2N=X do not do step 2 and 3.

Connect a NAND gate to the asynchronous CLEAR inputs of all the flip flops.

Determine which flip flops will be in the HIGH state at a count=X then connect the normal

outputs of these flip flops to the NAND gate inputs.

MOD-16 DESIGN
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For MOD 16, 4 flip flops are required to count from 0000002 to 1111112 therefore the flip flops

are Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3.

We need a truth table for this;

QO Q1 Q2 Q3
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
And the design therefore will be as follows;

MODULARIZATION NUMBER (MOD NO.)

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MOD number is the number of stable states in the counting cycle, it is the number of states in the

counting sequence.

FIND MOD NO

MOD number=2N,

N is the number of flip flops=6

26=64

MOD number = MOD64.

FIND THE FREQUENCY

F=clock f/MOD number

10/64=0.156

F=0.156mhz

FIND THE RANGE

N=6, MOD64

0000002 to 1111112

COUNTER POSITION

Since it is a MOD 64 counter every 64 clock pulse will bring the counter back to its starting,

after 256 pulses it goes back to 0000002 hence at 258 it will be at 0000102 counter.

WAVEFORM FOR THE OUTPUT

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REFERENCES

Widmer, N. S., & Tocci, R. J. (2007). Digital systems: Principles and applications. Prentice Hall. Pearson

Education International.