Lesson 1.

SET: An
Introduction
  Describe, illustrate and

AIM
represent well-defined
sets and cardinality of
sets.

FOR
 Write and create
different sets in roster
and in set – builder

NOW!
notation.
 Show appreciation on
the use of sets in real –
life situation.
ACTIVITY 1
Write anything that
you can see inside
your house.
ACTIVITY 2
Am I Belong?
Activity 2: Which does not belong to
the group.
Activity 2: Which does not belong to
the group.
Activity 2: Which does not belong to
the group.
A B C

A = group of writing materials

A = 𝒑𝒆𝒏, 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒍, 𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒍, 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒆𝒓

B= group of vegetables
B = 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒕, 𝒆𝒈𝒈𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕, 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐, 𝒄𝒂𝒃𝒃𝒂𝒈𝒆

C= group of things that can be

worn
C = 𝑻 − 𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒕, 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒔, 𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔, 𝒔𝒌𝒊𝒓𝒕
Basic Ideas
About Sets
 Definitions
A set is any well – defined collection
or group of distinct objects.
Example:
 Definitions
The objects contained in a set are called its elements or
members.
1.The collection of people living in NCR is a set.
 Each person living in NCR is an element of the set.
Tell whether the given is part of the set.
a. Ana is living in Las Pinas. (YES)
b. Noel is living in Cavite.(NOT)
c. Andrei is living in Batangas.(NOT)
 Definitions
The objects contained in a set are called its elements or
members.
2.The collection of all provinces in Region 4A is
a set.
 Each province in Region 4A is an element of the set.
Tell whether the given is part of the set.
a. Cavite (YES)
b. Makati (NOT)
c. Laguna (YES)
 Definitions
The objects contained in a set are called its elements or
members.
3. The collection of class officers in every section is a set.
 Each class officer in every section is an element of a
set.
Tell whether the given is part of the set.
a. President Duterte (NOT)
b. Your class secretary (YES)
c. Your adviser (NOT)
 Elements of Set 3. Set of odd numbers from 1 to 10.
Examples:
1,3,5,7,9
1. Set of vowel letters in English
Alphabet. O={1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
∉ O
2 ____
∉ O
Vowel Letters = a,e,i,o,u ∉ V
P ____ Cardinality 𝐧 𝐀 = 5 11____

V={a, e, i, o, u} 
O ____ V
 O
9 ____
 V
A ____
Cardinality 𝐧 𝐀 = 5
4. Set of school days in a week.
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday

D={Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,

2. Set of even numbers from 1 to
Thursday, Friday}
10. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
 Cardinality 𝐧 𝐀 = 5
E={2, 4, 6, 8, 10} 2 ____ E
∉ E
12____ Saturday ∉
_____D
Cardinality 𝐧 𝐀 = 5 ∉ E
3 ____ Monday 
_____ D
Tuesday  D
_____
 Notation
 Sets are usually designated with FOUR PIECE
CAPITAL LETTERS. DINNER SET
 Elements of a set are usually
designated with lower case 𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆, 𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆, 𝒃𝒐𝒘𝒍, 𝒄𝒖𝒑
letters.
A= 𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆, 𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆, 𝒃𝒐𝒘𝒍, 𝒄𝒖𝒑
 Use braces {} and commas (,) to
separate the elements. Cardinality 𝐧 𝐀 = 4
 The number of elements of a set
is referred to as its cardinality.  Dinner plate ___  __ A
𝐧 𝐀  Fork ___ ∉ ___ A
 If x is an element of the set A,  Bowl ___  __ A
 Spoon ___ ∉ __ A
we write this as x  A. x ∉ A  Cup ___  __ A
means x is not an element of A.
 A B
Group of handsome Group of Math teachers in
boys inADLA.
set is said toDLA.be
Group of good –
well leaders Group
defined if ofthere
senses is
of the
in the country. body.
NO AMBIGUITY.
Group of responsible Group of fundamental
students. operations in Mathematics.
 Well – Defined Set Classwork!
M = 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑑
A = 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
Not Well – defined set
Well – defined set
N = 𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒7
B = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑙 Well – defined set
Not Well – defined set F = 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑠
Not Well – defined set
C = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠
G = 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠
Not Well – defined set
Not Well – defined set
D = 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 7 L = 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
Well – defined set Well – defined set
 Representing a Set
A. Roster Method
 set is defined by listing all elements of a set
𝑨 = 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝟏, 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝟐, …

𝑨 = 𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒚, 𝑻𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒅𝒂𝒚, 𝑾𝒆𝒅𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒅𝒂𝒚, 𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒓𝒔𝒅𝒂𝒚, 𝑭𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒚

𝑨 = 𝒂, 𝒆, 𝒊, 𝒐, 𝒖
 Representing a Set
B. Rule Method or Set – Builder Form
 set is defined by stating the property that describes all the
elements of set
 Set builder notation has the general form
{variable | descriptive statement }
𝑨 = 𝒙 𝒙 _______
A is the set Such that x
of all x’s

Read as: A is the set of all x’s such that x is description.

The vertical bar after the first x is translated as “such that”.
 Representing a Set
B. Rule Method or Set – Builder Form

𝐁 = 𝒙 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎

L= 𝒙 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒅𝒂𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒂 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌

R= 𝒙 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒆

 Examples
1. Let B be equal to the set of distinct letters in the
word MATH .
Roster Method: B={m,a,t,h}
Rule Method: B={x|x is a distinct letter in the word Math}

2. Let C be equal to the set of colors in the Philippine flag.

Roster Method: C= 𝒓𝒆𝒅, 𝒃𝒍𝒖𝒆, 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆, 𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘

Rule Method: C= 𝒙 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒉𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒑𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒇𝒍𝒂𝒈
3. Let E be equal to the set of all counting numbers from 2
to 10 that are multiples of 2.

Roster Method: E= 𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟎
E= {𝒙|𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎
Rule Method: 𝟐 𝒕𝒐 𝟏𝟎 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝟐}

4. Let R be equal to the set of provinces in Region IV – A.

𝑪𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒆, 𝑳𝒂𝒈𝒖𝒏𝒂, 𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒂𝒔,
Roster Method: R= 𝑹𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒍, 𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒛𝒐𝒏

Rule Method: R= {𝒙|𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑹𝒆𝒈𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑰𝑽 − 𝑨}

5. Let Z be equal to the set of positive integers.

𝑹𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓: 𝒁 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑 …
Rule Method: 𝐙 = {𝒙|𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓}
6. Let N be equal to the set of even numbers greater than
100.
Roster :N= 𝟏𝟎𝟐, 𝟏𝟎𝟒, 𝟏𝟎𝟔 … . .

Rule Method:
N= {𝒙|𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝟏𝟎𝟎}
5. Let C be equal to the set of counting numbers from 1
to 150
𝑹𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓: 𝑪 = 𝟏, 𝟐, … 𝟏𝟓𝟎
Rule Method
C= {𝒙|𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎 }
 Classwork!
A. Write in a Roster and Rule method
of representing a set.
1. A= set of all factors of 18.
a. A= 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
b. A= 𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 18
2. D= set of all distinct letters in
the word PHILIPPINES.
a. D= 𝑝, ℎ, 𝑖, 𝑙, 𝑛, 𝑒, 𝑠
𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛
b. D=
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑃𝐻𝐼𝐿𝐼𝑃𝑃𝐼𝑁𝐸𝑆.
3. C= set of all primary colors.
a. C= 𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒
b. C= 𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟
4. S= set of all sections in Grade 7.
a. S= 𝐷𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑛, 𝐷𝑎𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑛, 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟
b. S= 𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 7
5. F = set of fingers on the hand
a. F= 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑏, 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥, 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒, 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒
b. F= 𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑