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895
T NG H P NG PHÁP TOEIC C B N
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I. GI I T :ANH T
1. nh ngh a:
Trong ti ng Anh, ng i ta không th t ra các quy lu t v các phép dùng gi i t mang tính c
nh cho m i gi i t ó - cùng m t gi i t , khi i v i t lo i khác nhau thì t o ra ngh a khác
nhau. V y chúng ta nên h c thu c m i khi g p ph i và h c ngay t lúc ban u.
Sau TO BE, tr c danh t : · THE BOOK IS ON THE TABLE. = Quy n sách trên
bàn.
· I WILL STUDY IN AUSTRALIA FOR 2 YEARS. =
Tôi s h c Úc trong 2 n m.
(tôi h c TA v i ý nh i n c ngoài)
- For the shake of (vì)
Ex: I write this lesson for the shake of your progress. (tôi vi t bài
này vì s ti n b c a các b n)
- On behalf of (thay m t cho)
Ex: On behalf of the students in the class, I wish you good health
( thay m t cho t t c h c sinh c a l p, em xin chúc cô cd i
dào s c kh e)
- In view of (xét v )
Ex: In view of age, I am not very old. (xét v m t tu i tác, tôi
ch a già l m)
- With reference to (v v n , liên h t i)
Ex: I send this book to you with reference to my study.(tôi a
b n quy n sách này có liên h n vi c h c c a tôi.)
6) Gi i t trá hình:
ây là nhóm gi i t c n At 7 o'clock (o' = of ): Lúc 7 gi
trong hình th c khác:
5. M t s gi i t th ng g p:
6. Ý ngh a c a m t s gi i t :
a. about:
· Xung quanh: (Ex: I looked about her :tôi nhìn xung quanh cô y)
· Kh p n i, quanh qu n: (Ex: He walked about the yard. h n i quanh sân.)
· Kho ng ch ng (Ex: It is about 3 km : kho ng 3km)
· V (Ex: What do you think about that? b n ngh gì v i u ó?)
b. against:
c. at:
Thành ng ch tr ng thái:
· At play: ang ch i
· At oen's prayers: ang c u nguy n
· At ease: tho i mái
· At war: ang có chi n tranh
· At peace: ang hòa bình
d. by:
M t s thành ng :
· Little by little: d n d n
· day by day: ngày qua ngày
· Two by two: t ng 2 cái m t
· by mistake: do nh m l n.
· Learn by heart: h c thu c lòng.
e. for:
· Vì, cho : I bring something for you : tôi mang vài th cho anh
· ch th i gian: I have lived here for 2 years : tôi ã s ng ây c2n m
· Ch nguyên do: I was punished for being lazy : tôi b ph t vì l i
· Ch chi u h ng : She left for Hanoi : cô y i HN
· Ch s trao i : I paid $3 for that book : tôi tr 3 ô mua quy n sách ó
f. from:
g. in:
· Ch n i ch n
· Ch th i gian
· Bu i: In the moning
· T tháng tr lên: in May, in spring, in 2008, in the 19th century.
· Ch tr ng thái:
ü Be in debt : m c n
ü Be in good health : có s c kh e
ü Be in danger : b nguy hi m
ü Be in bad health : hay au y u
ü Be in good mood : ang vui v
ü Be in tears : ang khóc
M t s thành ng khác
II. CÂU I U KI N:
1. Câu i u ki n lo i 0:
2. Câu i u ki n lo i 1:
Ví d :
- If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you. (N u anh b c vào v n c a tôi, con chó
c a tôi s c n anh.)
3. Câu i u ki n lo i 2:
ü Chú ý trong câu i u ki n lo i II, m nh “IF” riêng ng t “to be” thì dùng
“were” cho t t c các ngôi.
Ví d :
- If I were a bird, I would be very happy. (N u tôi là m t con chim, tôi s r t h nh phúc.) => tôi
không th là chim c
- If I had a million USD, I would buy that car. (N u tôi có m t tri u ô la, tôi s mua chi c xe
ó.) => hi n t i tôi không có nhi u ti n nh v y.
ANH LÊ TOEIC: NG PHÁP TOEIC HOTLINE: 1900.888.895
4. Câu i u ki n lo i 3:
Câu i u ki n lo i III là câu i u ki n không có th c trong quá kh .
Ví d : If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him. (N u hôm qua tôi không v ng
m t thì tôi ã g p m t anh ta r i.)
Ví d : If I had breakfast this morning, I wouldn't be hungry now. (N u sáng tay tôi n sáng thì
gi tôi ã không b ói b ng).
6. D ng o ng c a câu i u ki n:
a. o ng câu i u ki n lo i 1:
Ví d : If he has free time, he’ll play tennis. => Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis
b. o ng câu i u ki n lo i 2:
C u trúc:
O/st
Were + S + S + Would/Could + Vinf
(not) to V
ANH LÊ TOEIC: NG PHÁP TOEIC HOTLINE: 1900.888.895
Ví d :
- If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book. => Were I to learn Russian, I would read a
Russian book
- If I were you, I would buy this car. => Were I you, I would buy this car
c. o ng câu i u ki n lo i 3:
Ví d : If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. => Had he trained hard, he would
have won the match.
Ví d :
- Unless we start at once, we will be late = If we don't start at once, we will be late.
- Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams = If you don't study hard, you won't pass
the exams.
VD: If I hadn't told her about this, she wouldn't be sad now. => Had I not told her about this, she
wouldn't be sad now.
ANH LÊ TOEIC: NG PHÁP TOEIC HOTLINE: 1900.888.895
III. M NH QUAN H :
M nh quan h (relative clause) còn c g i là m nh tính ng (adjective clause) vì nó là
m t m nh ph c dùng b ngh a cho danh t ng tr c nó (ti n ng ). M nh quan h
c n i v i m nh chính b i các i t quan h (relative pronouns)Who, Whom, Which,
Whose, That ho c các tr ng t quan h (relative adverbs) When, Where, Why. i t quan h
ng ngay sau danh t mà nó b ngh a.
1. WHO:
2. WHOM:
Ex: The woman whom/who you say yesterday is my aunt. – The boy whose/ who we are looking
for is Tom.
Ex: The woman you saw yesterday is my aunt – The boy we are looking for is Tom.
3. WHICH:
4. THAT:
Ex: - I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park.
5. WHOSE:
6. WHEN:
Ex: - May Day is the day when (on which) people hold a meeting.
- That was the time when (at which) he managed the company.
ANH LÊ TOEIC: NG PHÁP TOEIC HOTLINE: 1900.888.895
7. WHERE:
Where là tr ng t quan h ch n i ch n, ng sau danh t ch n i ch n.Where c dùng thay
cho at/ in/ to which, there.
Ex: - Do you know the country where (in which) I was born?
8. WHY:
Why là tr ng t quan h ch lý do, ng sau the reason. Why c dùng thay cho for which.
Ex: - Please tell me the reason why (for which) you are so sad.
- He told me the reason why he had been absent from class the day before.
Phân lo i m nh quan h :
Có 2 lo i m nh quan h : m nh quan h xác nh (defining/ restrictive relative clause) và
m nh không xác nh (non-defining/ non-restrictive relative clause)
Ex: – That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike. – This is Mr Jones, who helped me last
week. – Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar. – Harry told me about his new job, which
he's enjoying very much.
ANH LÊ TOEIC: NG PHÁP TOEIC HOTLINE: 1900.888.895
3. L cb i t quan h :
4. M nh quan h rút g n:
a. Dùng c m Ving:
The girl who is sitting next to you is my sister = The girl sitting to you is my sister
b. Dùng c m V3/ed:
The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. John = The house built now belongs to
Mr. John
(d ng a và b là 2 d ng vô cùng ph bi n)
ANH LÊ TOEIC: NG PHÁP TOEIC HOTLINE: 1900.888.895
He is the last man who left the ship = He is the last man to leave the ship.
· ng t là HAVE/HAD
There are six letters which have to be written today. = There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NH :
S + BE + DANH T /C M DANH T /C M GI I T
- Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health. = Football, a popular sport, is very
good for health.
Ví d :
Nh ng áp án úng ph i là :