REFERENCE PARTICULARS

Estimation of Gravity loads

Characteristic Permanent Loads
Timber Trusses:
Average Density of Ugandan Hardwood = 600kg/m 3
Zziwa et al
Truss Spacing = 2.5m

Rafters:

Length: 2 x 7.26m, Size: 90 x 40mm

2× 7.26 ×0.09 ×0.04 × 600 ×9.81
G k , r= =0.31 kN
1000

Double Tie Beams:

Length: 9.25, Size: 90 x 40mm and 141 x 32mm

9.25 ×0.09 ×0.04 × 600 ×9.81
G k , t 1= =0.20 kN
1000

9.25 ×0.14 × 0.03× 600 ×9.81

G k , t 2= =0.23 kN
1000

Struts & Ties:

Total Length: 16.14, Size: 80 x 35mm

16.14 ×0.08 × 0.04 ×600 × 9.81
G k , st = =0.30 kN
1000
Total Permanent Load due to Single Truss:
G k , T =0.31+ 0.20+ 0.23+0.3=1.05 kN
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Truss Load on Walls (Linearly Distributed Load):

1.05 kN 1
Gk , T = × =0.21 kN /m
2 2.5 m
Zziwa et al

Wall Plate:
Average Density of Ugandan Hardwood = 600kg/m 3
Size: 100 x 32mm
0.1× 0.03× 600 ×9.81
G k , ℘= =0.02 kN /m
1000
Roofings
Catalogue
Gauge 30 Corrugated Iron Sheets:
Metal Thickness = 0.315mm, Weight = 3.2kg/m2
3.2 ×9.81 kN 9.25 m
G k , S= × =0.15 kN /m
1000 m2 2

Zziwa et al
Purlins:
Average Density of Ugandan Hardwood = 600kg/m 3
Size: 80 x 35mm, 8no. on one side of truss

0.08× 0.04 ×600 × 9.81

G k , P=8× =0.15 kN /m
1000
CML Lab Report

Wall:
Average Density Bricks = 2133kg/m3
Size: 210 x 130 x 75mm, Height-to-Eaves = 3.5m
3.5× 0.21× 2133 ×9.81
Gk , W = kN / m=15.38 kN /m
BS 648 1000

Concrete Ring Beam:

Concrete Density = 2400kg/m3
Size: 210 x 230mm
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0.23 ×0.21 ×2400 × 9.81
G k , P= kN /m=1.14 kN /m
1000

Total Permanent Loading (per m-run of wall);

Load from: DL
kN/m
1. Corrugated Iron 0.15
Sheets
2. Purlins 0.15
3. Timber Roof Trusses 0.21
4. Wall Plate 0.02
5. Ring Beams 1.14
6. Wall self-weight 15.38
Total 17.05

Characteristic variable load

Note: Since it was raining at the time of collapse, there could not have
been a live load on top of the roof. Accordingly, the variable load was
considered to be zero.

Design load at SLS

Partial factor of safety for permanent loads = 1.00
Partial factor of safety for variable loads = 1.00

Service load, = (1.0 × 17.05) + (1.0 × 0) = 17.05 kN/m

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EN 19996-1-1 Vertical Resistance Check (No Wind Load Acting)
Cl. 5.5.1.2 Effective Height, he
h e= ρn × h

h=3000mm; Clear Storey Height

ρn =2; Cantilever with no stiffening walls s

Thus,
h e=2×3000=6000 mm

Cl. 5.5.1.3 Effective Thickness, teff

t e ff =ρt × t

t=210 mm ; actual wallthickness Obtained from CML report.

Cl. 5.5.1.3 (2) ρt =1.14 ; obtained ¿ table 5.1by interpolation . Pier size 350x350mm spaced
at 3400mm average.

t e ff =1.14 ×210 mm=239.4 mm

Cl. 5.5.1.4 Slenderness Ratio;

6000
S R= =25
239.4

Note: Slenderness Ratio is less than 27. This is acceptable.

Cl. 6.1.2 Philosophy of Design Check;

Cl. 6.1.2.1
Wall Vertical Resistance , N Rd ≥ Design Load at SLS , N Ed

∅ × t × b× f k
N Rd=
γm
Where;

∅=0.49; Capacity Reduction Factor in accordance with Annex G

t=210 mm; actual wall thickness

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0.7 0.3
f k =K × f b × f m ; Characteristic Compressive Strength of Masonry

K=0.2; Table 3.3

f b=3.1MPa; average brick strength from CML report
f m=2.9 MPa; average mortar strength from CML report

f k =0.2 ×3.10.7 × 2.90.3=0.61 MPa

γ m=1 ; material partial safety factor considered equal to 1 because this is a

check of already constructed material and not a design.

Consider 1m-run of wall

Plan Area=0.21× 1=0.21 m 2> 0.1; No modification for fk required

From which

0.49 ×1000 ×210 × 0.61

F d= =62,769 N ( 62.8 kN )
1

Design Load at SLS=17.05 kN

Conclusion: Vertical Resistance of the Church walls against gravity loads

was far higher than the gravity loads at Serviceability Limit State. Thus,
the walls were stable against gravity loads.