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physics; chp 21
electromagnetic
• ’
In an open circuit, compasses needles are
both pointed to north since no current is
flowing through.
In a closed circuit, one compass needle
pointed to the west and the other one
pointed to the east. This explains that
current is present in a closed circuit.
What can we learn from the experiment
above?
We can learn that a circuit that carries
current produce a magnetic field around it.
•
- Grip the wire using your right hand and
make sure that your thumb is pointing at
the same the direction as the flow
- The direction of your fingers curl
determines the direction of magnetic
field, whether it’s clockwise or anti-
clockwise
• contact
- Reversing the direction of the current:
reversing the direction of the magnetic
field
- Current is increased: strength is
increased
- Magnetic field around flat coil: strength
is increased
ceril
•
- It has two poles that can be used as an
electromagnet
- The magnetic field lines inside the solenoid
are closer together than the fields
outside
•
- Increasing the current
- Increasing the number of turns
- Placing a soft iron between the solenoids
•
- When the switch is turned on, current
flows from live wire to the neutral wire,
through the solenoid and stationary
- The safety bar stays still in the position
and the interrupt point remains closed.
Current continues to flow normally
- When the current is overloaded, it can
cause a surge
- The large current causes the solenoid to
be a strong electromagnet that attract
the soft iron
- The soft iron releases the spring and
pushes the safety bar, turning the
machine off.
- Current no longer flows since there is a
break in the circuit
• •

- Motor effect is the effect when a

current-carrying conductor is placed in a
magnetic field and is experiencing a force.
- When we reverse the direction of a
current or the magnetic field, the
direction of force on the current-
carrying conductor is also reversed.
- The force, current, and magnetic field
are at right angles to one another
• ’
- Point your thumb, forefinger, and second
finger at right angles to one another
- Point your forefinger in the direction of
the magnetic field and your second finger
in the direction of the current
- The thumb gives the direction of the
motion of the wire.
• is not in a contact with the split ring
- Conductors carrying current with same
directions attract
- Conductors carrying current with
different direction repel
•
- Increasing the turns in the wire coil
- Increasing the current in the wire coil
•
- A rectangular wire coil that allows it to
rotate
- The coil and axle are positioned between
the poles of a permanent magnet
- At the ends of the coil, there is a split
ring commutator that rotates with the
coil
- Two carbon brushes that are pressed
against the commutator
•
- Split ring commutator start to rotate
- When the coil is in a vertical position, the
current is cut off because carbon brushes
commutator
- When the split ring commutator stop
rotating, the direction of the current is
now reversed
- Both direction of current and direction of
force are reversed.

- When a positively charged particle travel

into a magnetic field, it is deflected
upwards in a circular path
- When a negatively charged particle travel
into a magnetic field, it is deflected
downwards in a circular path
- When we reverse the magnetic field
particles and a positively charged particle
travel through it, it is deflected
downwards in a circular path
- When we reverse the magnetic field
particles and a negatively charged particle
travel through it, it is deflected upwards
in a circular path