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GRADE 12- ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Quarter 1
Module No. 2
Week 3-4
In this Module:

Content Standard: Performance Standard:

The learner acquires knowledge of The learner produces a detailed abstract

appropriate reading strategies for a better of information gathered from the various
understanding of academic texts. academic texts read.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Uses various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

 define summarizing and summary from various writers;
 identify the various techniques in summarizing; and
 summarize various academic texts.

PRE-WRITING ACTIVITY

Try to recall one of the novels or short stories you discussed in one of your previous classes in English; choose one
selection out of the several you tackled throughout your school life. Then, on a separate sheet of paper, try to rewrite the
story using your own words.

Did you find the retelling of the story difficult? Why or why not?

What strategies did you employ in order to retell the story? Did you find these strategies helpful? Why or why not?

LESSON 2: VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS

What is Summarizing?
According to Buckley (2004), in her popular writing text Fit to Print, summarizing is reducing text to one-
third or one-quarter its original size, clearly articulating the author’s meaning, and retaining main ideas.
According to Diane Hacker (2008), in A Canadian Writer’s Reference, explains that summarizing involves
stating a work’s thesis and main ideas “simply, briefly, and accurately”.
From dictionaries, it is defined as taking a lot of information and creating a condensed version that covers
the main points; and to express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear
form.
From the definitions, take a look on the pool of words and phrases

reducing text “simply, briefly, and accurately”.

clearly articulating condensed version
thesis most or
main ideas and .

Various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts

1. Read the work first to understand the author’s intent. This is a crucial step because an incomplete reading could lead to
an inaccurate summary. Note: an inaccurate summary is plagiarism!
2. One of the summarization techniques you can do is to present information through facts, skills and concept in visual
formats. You can provide the cause and effects charts, time lines, and Venn diagrams, templates for outlines, use flow
charts or infographics.
3. To avoid difficulty, you need first to know the main points and the supporting details. You can exclude any
illustrations, examples or explanations.
4. You need to analyze the text to save time in thinking what you will do.
5.Think what information you will put in your summary. Be sure to cover the main points and arguments of the document.
6. One of the best things to do in auto summarizing is restating the words into different one. You should avoid using the
original words of the author instead; use your own vocabulary but be sure to retain the information.
7. You will fully understand what the document is when you organize all ideas.
8. One of the things you can do is to write down all information in a coherent and precise form. Keep in mind that a
summary is a condensed version of the original paper, so avoid making it long.
9. You can also decide to represent information through using dimensional constructions in representing concepts, skills
or facts.
10. Paraphrasing is one of the skills you can do in writing a summary. With it, do not use the same words with the author.

With the tips above, you will no longer worry whenever you need to summarize because it is your one stop
solution to having a fantastic summary that offer nice details to readers. Follow the tips and you will not make mistakes.

Here’s how you start writing your summary.

Example 1:
Japanese Rail Tunnel

Due to an increase in traffic between the various island which make up Japan, and predictions of a continuing growth in
train travel, a rail tunnel was built to connect the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. The Seikan Tunnel in Japan is today
the longest tunnel in the world, with a length of almost 54km. When the tunnel was opened in 1988, all existing trains
went through it. However, newer Japanese bullet trains have never used the tunnel because of the cost of extending the
high speed line through it. Consequently, the train journey from Tokyo to Sapporo still takes about ten hours. In contrast,
the journey by air takes only three and a half hours. This has combined with the fall in the cost of flying, has meant that
more people travel by plane than train and
 Bullet trains
 Never used tunnel
 Fall in the cost of flying
 Not used as much as forecasters predicted

Summary
The longest railway tunnel in the world links the islands of Honshu & Hokkaido. This 54km tunnel
was inaugurated in 1988 to deal with the predicted increase in rail traffic. However, the fall in the
cost of flying and the fact that high speed trains cannot use the tunnel have resulted in the tunnel
being less widely used than expected.

ANOTHER 5 EASY TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING VARIOUS ACADEMIC TEXTS

Technique 1: Somebody Wanted But So Then

“Somebody Wanted But So Then” is an excellent summarizing strategy for stories. Each word represents a key
question related to the story's essential elements:
 Somebody: Who is the story about?
 Wanted: What does the main charter want?
 But: Identify a problem that the main character encountered.
 So: How does the main character solve the problem?
 Then: Tell how the story ends.

Technique 2: SAAC Method

The SAAC method is another useful technique for summarizing any kind of text (story, article, speech, etc).
SAAC is an acronym for "State, Assign, Action, Complete." Each word in the acronym refers to a specific element that
should be included in the summary.
 State: name of the article, book, or story
 Assign: the name of the author
 Action: what the author is doing (example: tells, explains)
 Complete: complete the sentence or summary with keywords and important details
This method is particularly helpful for students who are learning the format of a summary and need reminders to
include the title and author's name. However, SAAC does not include clear guidance about which details to include,
which some students might find tricky. If you use SAAC with your students, remind them of the types of details that
belong in a summary before instructing them to work independently.
Technique 3: 5 W's, 1 H
The 5 W's, 1 H strategy relies on six crucial questions: who, what, when, where, why, and how. These questions make it
easy to identify the main character, the important details, and the main idea.
  Who is the story about?
 What did they do?
 When did the action take place?
 Where did the story happen?
 Why did the main character do what he/she did?
 How did the main character do what he/she did?

Technique 4: First, Then, Finally

The "First Then Finally" technique helps students summarize events in chronological order. The three words
represent the beginning, main action, and conclusion of a story, respectively:
 First. What happened first? Include the main character and main event/action.
 Then. What key details took place during the event/action?
 Finally. What were the results of the event/action?

Technique 5: Give Me the Gist

When someone asks for "the gist" of a story, they want to know what the story is about. In other words, they want
a summary—not a retelling of every detail. To introduce the gist method, explain that summarizing is just like giving a
friend the gist of a story, and have your students tell each other about their favorite books or movies in 15 seconds or less.
You can use the gist method as a fun, quick way to practice summarizing on a regular basis.

When summarizing is useful?

Summarizing is useful in many types of writing and at different points in the writing process. Summarizing is
used to support an argument, provide context for a paper’s thesis, write literature reviews, and annotate a bibliography.
The benefit of summarizing lies in showing the "big picture," which allows the reader to contextualize what you are
saying. In addition to the advantages of summarizing for the reader, as a writer you gain a better sense of where you are
going with your writing, which parts need elaboration, and whether you have comprehended the information you have
collected.
www.umanitoba.ca/student/academiclearning

ACTIVITY SHEET
NAME:
GRADE/SECTION:
ACTIVITY 1: Directions: Following the techniques above, summarize the texts by completing the sample graphic
organizer below.
Essay 1: Importance of Education
Education is a process that involves the transfer of knowledge, habits and skills from one generation to another
through teaching, research and training. It can be in a formal or informal setting. Formal education involves
institutionalized learning based on a curriculum. In today’s society, education and learning play an indispensable role in
shaping the lives of individuals and the society at large. The most effective way of boosting economic growth, reducing
poverty and improving people’s health is by investing in education.
Human labor is essential for economic growth. A highly educated labor force further stimulates economic growth.
Additionally, a highly educated labor force can easily adapt to new working environments and conditions. In view of that,
it is evident that education serves as the driving force for innovation of new products and services. Educated workers
exchange ideas in the work place and come up with new ideas that help in the growth of the economy.
Education reduces poverty in a number of ways. One way is by creating employment opportunities for educated
people. Through employment, one is able to afford a decent living. Education helps to increase economic security, create
income opportunities and improve livelihoods of the economically disadvantaged by providing sustainable environmental
management mechanisms. Education further alleviates poverty through skills acquired in the learning process. Skills such
as carpentry, plumbing and masonry are relevant in non-formal economies. One can acquire these skills through technical
and vocational training.
Educated people are health conscious and live longer than their counterparts because they engage in healthy
habits such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly and going for medical checkups. By investing in education, one
will also be investing in their health. Education serves to create room for technological advancements in the field of
medicine and agriculture. Advanced technology used for conducting surgery has replaced traditional methods. This has
seen an improvement in people’s general health and an increased life expectancy. Most developing countries have a low
life expectancy compared to developed countries. This can be attributed to high illiteracy levels present in developing
countries. This translates to poor health and poor eating habits.
In conclusion, education is the only means of alleviating poverty, improving people’s health and increasing
economic growth. Improving literacy levels in marginalized societies will go a long way in improving human living
standards.
 Paragraph 1
main idea:

details:

paragraph 2
main idea:

details:
paragraph 3
main idea:

details:
paragraph 4
main idea:

details:
paragraph 5
main idea:
details:

ASSESSMENT
Directions: Simple recall: For numbers 1 and 2, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following statements in SUMMARIZING is false?

A. The Summary is what the passage is mostly about.
B. The Summary is what all or most of the sentences or paragraphs are about.
C. The Summary is usually found in more than just one sentence of the passage.
D. The Summary is one isolated thought in a passage.
2. Which of the following statements in SUMMARIZING is true?
A. The Summary is a thought that is true but is not in the passage.
B. The Summary is what the passage is mostly about.
C. The Summary is specific, detailed information contained in the passage.
D. The Summary is always found in the first sentence of the passage.

Choose the letter that presents the best summary in each of the following paragraphs:
3. When some people think about Texas, they think of cowboys on the open range- herding cattle up a dusty trail.
However, Texas has much more than open prairie with large herds of cows. There are the mountains of West Texas, the
piney hills of east Texas, and the emerald waters off the coast of Padre Island. Texas also has large coastal harbors with
numerous sailboats, powerboats, inland lakes, rivers, swamps of southeast Texas with alligators and other exotic wildlife.
A. There are a lot of cows in Texas.
B. There are many different, varied parts of Texas.
C. Texas is one of the biggest states in the United States.
D. There are alligators in the swampland of southeast Texas.
4. Tomorrow is Jill's birthday. She is excited because she gets to pick where she will eat dinner. Will it be Mexican food
at the Big Enchilada House? Or will it be fried chicken at the Chicken Shack, or a big cheeseburger at Al's Hamburger
Palace. She just couldn't decide. Then there was always the Pizza Shop with that great pepperoni pizza. How would she
ever decide? Maybe she would just flip a coin.
A. Jill has many restaurants to choose from for her birthday.
B. Jill loves Mexican food.
C. The Pizza Shop has the best pizza in town.
D. Jill will choose a place by flipping a coin.
5. It started when they got to the bears. Peter felt tired and his stomach hurt. He dragged himself over to see the elephants,
which were eating from a stack of hay. Normally, the elephants were his favorite. Without much interest, Peter followed
his classmates to the camels, which were busy swatting flies with their tails. Peter knew he should be having fun at the
zoo, but he just felt terrible and all he wanted to do was lie down and rest. Even the lions and tigers did not interest him
now.
A. Peter's favorite animals were the elephants.
B. The camels were swatting flies with their tails.
C. It was really hot at the zoo.
D. Peter didn't enjoy the zoo because he felt really bad.
6. For the walls, Jenny thought she would use a bright yellow paint. She would pick a border that had mostly bright red
and green colors, and maybe a little bit of blue. She already had found some curtains that were sky blue with streaks of
red, blue and yellow that she thought would go great with the walls. And finally, she had picked a carpet that was mostly
blue with specks of red and yellow. Jenny couldn't wait till she was done decorating her room. It was really going to look
awesome.
A. Jenny likes bright colors.
B. Jenny was going to paint her room.
C. Jenny was picking out colors and materials to decorate her room.
D. Yellow is a good color to paint your walls.
7. Right now, Jason was playing right field. He really wanted to play third base. Earlier this year, coach had put him in left
field and second base in a game, but never at third base. Once in practice, coach let him play third base, but he kept
missing ground balls. When he did stop one, he made a bad throw to first base. Maybe if he kept practicing, Jason would
be good enough to play third base. That was his dream.
A. Jason really wanted to play third base.
B. Jason was the best player on his team.
C. Jason had trouble catching ground balls.
D. Jason was too lazy to practice.
8. San Francisco is located on the coast of California in an area often called the Bay Area. The weather is generally very
mild, seldom getting really cold or really hot. Its mild climate is one reason many people live there. It seldom snows in
San Francisco and generally does not get below freezing during the winter. Even in the middle of summer, temperatures
may be in the mid-80s with a cool breeze from the bay keeping the weather very comfortable.
A. San Francisco has many neat things to do.
B. It seldom snows in California.
C. Many people choose to live in California.
D. The weather in San Francisco is generally very mild.
9. Julie watched the ants as they carried small crumbs down the trail to the anthill. She thinks ants are very hard working
and industrious little creatures. They always seemed busy, and you never saw an ant just laying around doing nothing.
They were carrying food, building tunnels, or defending the anthill. One thing you could say about ants is that they sure
aren't lazy.
A. Ants carry many things.
B. Some ants may bite you.
C. Ants are hard workers.
D. Some ants help take care of the queen.
10. The first book Chris read in fifth grade was about a lost kitten. Then he read a book about a family of bears, and then
he read about a wild kangaroo in Australia. It seems every book Chris reads about animals. Last week he found a good
book about snakes and reptiles, and another book about elephants. Today Chris went to the library, and he checked out a
book about dolphins, whales and other animals that live in the sea.
A. Chris likes kangaroos.
B. Chris is in the fifth grade.
C. Chris reads a lot of books about animals.
D. Dolphins and whales live in the sea.

Prepared by:
MARICHELLE I. PUROS Noted:
FRECIL PEPITO CHRISTOPHER C. DE LEON
Teachers Principal