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PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT

CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỂ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ

I.Cụm từ chỉ kết quả (phrases of result)

Cụm từ chỉ kết quả thường có TOO (quá) hoặc ENOUGH (đủ).
1. Too (quá... không thể)

s + be (look, seem, become, get...) + too + adj (+ for + O) + to-infinitive s

+ V(thưòng) + too + adv (+ for + O) + to-infinitive.
Ex: He is too short to play basketball.
Tom ran too slowly to become the winner of the race. This book is
too dull for you to read.
Too thường được dùng trong câu có nghĩa phủ định (quá... không thể).

2. ENOUGH (đủ... để có thể)

s + be + adj + enough (+ for + O) + to-infinitive s + V(thường) + adv +
enough (+ for + O) + to-infinitive.
Ex: Mary isn’t old enough to drive a car.
She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter.
It is cold enough to wear a heavy jacket.
II.Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả (Adverbial clauses of result)
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả là mệnh đề phụ được dùng để chỉ kết quả do
hành động của mệnh đề chính gây ra.
1. SO ... THAT (quá... đến nỗi)

s + be + so + adj + that + s + V
1 1
---- V --- ' --- V - ’
main clause adverbial clauseofresult
I --------- --------- \ ( ----- ------\
s + V(thuồng) + SO + adv +that + s + V
Ex: It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything.
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Lưu ý
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là các động từ chỉ tri giác như look, appear, seem,
feel, taste, smell, sound,ta dùng cùng công thức với động từ to be.
Ex: The little girl looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for her.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
- Nếu sau so có many, much,feư, litter thì ta có cấu trúc:

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s + V + so + many/ few + plural countable noun + that + s + V

(danh từ đếm được số nhiéu)
Ex: The Smiths had so many childen that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few iob offers that it wasn’t difficult to select one.
There are so many people in the room that I feel tired.

s + V + so + much/ little + uncountable noun + that + s + V

(danh từ không đếm được)
Ex: He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
* Một cấu trúc khác của so ... THAT
s + V + so + adj + a + singular countable noun + that...
(danh từ đếm được số ít)
Ex: It was so hot ạ day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down.
2. SUCH ... THAT (quá ... đến nỗi)
S + V + such + (a/ an) + adj + N + that + s + Vj
Ex: It was such ạ hot day that we decided to stay at home.
She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her. There are such
beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
It is such an intelligent boy that we all admire him.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it

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CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ

EXERCISES
I.Use SO or SUCH.
1. The sun shone_____ brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses.
2. Dean was ______ a powerful swimmer that he always won the races.
3. There were _____ few students registered that the class was cancelled.
4. We had _____ wonderful memories of the place that we decided to return.
5. We had _____ good a time at the party that we hated to leave.
6. The benefit was ___ great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it.
7. It was____- a Ilice day that we decided to go to the beach.
8. Jane looked ____ sick that the nurse told her to go home.
9. Those were ____difficult assỉgnments that we spent two weeks Anishing them.
10. Ray called at_____ an early hour that we weren’t awake yet.
11. The book looked ____interesting that he decided to read it.
12. He worked ____ carefullythat ittook him a long time to complete the project.
13. We stayed in the sun for____a long time that we became sunburned.
14. There were ____ many people on the bus that we decided to walk.
15. The program was _____entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it.
II.Make sentences with so... THAT.
1. The lesson is very difficult. Nobody can understand it.
2. The work is very hard. I can’t finish it on time.
3. This novel was very interesting. I couldn’t put it down.
4. This song is very simple. All of us can sing it.
5. My brothers and sisters were very excited about the trip. They couldn’t sleep.
6. The shooting stars appear frequently. You can see two or three a minute.
7. These observations will reveal a lot of important iníormation. Scientists will be
studying the results for years.
8. Oil supplies are getting lower. The oil industry has to raise its price.
9. The student has got attached to his apartment for three years. He would like to
keep it for his final year.
10. The fìrst computers, which were developed around 1945, were large. They
required special rooms.
III.Make sentences with SUCH ... THAT.
1. The house is very expensive. Nobody can buy it.
2. The boy is very nice. We all like him.
3. The weather was very cold. We couldn’t go out.
4. The room was very dark. I couldn’t see anything.
5. The day was nice. We decided to go to the beach.
6. The mathematic puzzle was difficult. We could not do it.
7. She’s got an excellent English accent. Everybody thinks she is British.
8. This typeface is elegant. It is still a favourite of designers.
9. He made such an unreasonable excuse. No one showed sympathy with him.

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10. This issue is very important. We should not ignore it.

IV.Combine two sentences, using so ... THAT or SUCH ... THAT.
1. The sun shone brightly. Maria had to put on her sunglasses.
2. Dean was a powerful swimmer. He always won the race.
3. There were few students registered. The class was cancelled.
4. The house was beautiful. I took a picture of it.
5. This is a good film. I want to see it again and again.
6. There were a lot of guests. There wasn’t enough food.
7. David has a lot of work to do. He can’t come tonight.
8. He was very sick. He was sent to the hospital.
9. It was very dark. He couldn’t see anything.
10. He has very wide knowledge. We can’t help admiring him.
11. The house was burnt down. The fre raged strongly.
12. My father has a very good health. He seldom takes any medicines.
13. His manner was very rude. It offends nearly everyone he met.
14. He had an unacceptable behavior. The principal decided to expel him.
15. It is a tiny kitchen. I don’t have to do much to keep it clean.
16. He came to a sudden stop. We almost hit him.
17. The explosion was strong. Windows were blown out.
18. He lectured in a boring way. Many in the audience Íoimcí it impossible to
understand.
19. It took us only ten minutes to get there. There was little traffic.
20. Too many people came to the meeting. There were not enough seats for everyone.
V.Rewrite the sentences below, using SUCH instead of so or vice versa.
1. He is so clever that he can answer all my questions.
2. Mr. Keller is so rich that he can give the charitable society one million dollars.
3. This City is so large that I’ve got lost.
4. This shop is so small that we don’t take notice of it.
5. This was such importance issue that we could not afford to ignore it.
6. The play we saw yesterday was so bad that we went out by halves.
7. The story he told us was so funny that I couldn’t help laughing.
8. It was such bad damage that ỉt would cost thousands of dollars to repair.
9. We saw such beautiful stars that we were amazed.
10. Mary’s voice is so beautiful that we all like to hear her sing.
11. Miss Snow’s ring is so valuable that she keeps it very carefully.
12. Your dog is so fierce that nobody dares to approach it.
13. The knot was so fastened that it was impossible to undo.
14. Our car is so old that we must repair it three times a month.
15. We learn such interesting information that it will take years to process ỉt.
VI.Use the construction TOO... + to-infinitive to rewrite the sentences below.
1. It was so cold that we didn’t want to go out.
2. Mr. Pike is so weak that he can’t walk without a stick.
3. The ground is so hard that we can’t dig it.

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4. The elephant is so big that it can’t run fast.

5. Your handwriting is so bad that I can’t read it.
6. His answer was so coníused that I could hardly make any sense of it.
7. The symptoms of diabetes in the early stages are so light that patients do not
notice them.
8. These goods are so expensive that they can’t be sold quickly.
9. She walked so fast that her younger sister couldn’t follow her.
10. The class was so short that the students were not able to get real experience in
the industry.
VII.Rewrite the sentences below, using ENOUGH instead of TOO.
1. He is too old to wear this coloured shirt.
2. She is too weak to carry this bag.
3. This pen is too expensive for me to buy.
4. Bỉll is too íoolish to understand what I say.
5. This bag is too heavy for her to carry.
6. The test was too diíĩìcult for them to do.
7. That sentence was too long for me to memorize.
8. The land is too poor to grow crops.
9. The room ỉs too noisy for us to study.
10. This book is too dull to read.
VIII.Fill in the blanks with so MUCH or so MANY.
1. We have _____mathematical problems that we can’t go to bed early.
2. There was____ audience that no seats in the hall were left.
3. The new job is taking me____time that I am considering to resign.
4. Doctor Simmon has ___ patients that he’s always busy.
5. I ate _____ sandwiches that I felt ill.
6. My father has ___ work to do that he can’t come back home tonight.
7. They drank _____ wine that they couldn’t walk.
8. His mother asks him to take_____things that he can’t put all of them into his
suitcase.
9. There are____places of interest in London that Jane can’t decide where to go first.
10. There was ___________ noise in the room that I couldn’t work.
11. There are ____ planets in the universe that we can’t count them.
12. She had __________ problems that she didn’t know what to do.
13. He has ____ contact with friends through email that it takes him more than
one hour to check mail every dav.
14. Smoking cigarettes causes___danger that smokers suffer a lot of serious diseases.
15. Since they moved to the new town, their routines have got____changes that their
lives have been turned upside down.

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CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ

I
1. so 2. such 3. so 4. such 5. so 6. so 7. such
9. such 10. such 11. so 12. so 13. such 14. so 15. so
II
1. The lesson is so difficult that nobody can understand its.
2. The work is so hard that I can’t finish it on time.
3. This novel was so interesting that I can’t finish it on time.
4. This song is so simple that all of us can sing it.
5. My brothers and sisters were so excited about the trip that they couldn’t
sleep.
6. The shooting stars appaer so frequently that you can see two or three a
minute.
7. These observations will reveal so much important information that scientists
will be sudying the results for years.
8. Oil supplies are getting so low that the oil industry has to raise its price.
9. The students has got attached to his apartment so long that he would like to
keep it foor his final year.
10.The first computers, which were developed around 1945, were so large that
they required special rooms.
III
1. It is such an expensive house that nobody van buy its.
2. He is such a nice boy that we all like him.
3. It was such cold weather that we couldn’t go out.
4. It was such a dark room that I couldn’t see anything.
5. It was such a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.
6. It was such a an excellent English accent that everybody thinks she is
British.
7. She’s got such an excellent English accent that everybody thinks she is
British.
8. It is such an elegant typeface that it is still a favourite of desingers.
9. He made such as an unreasonable excuse that no one showed sympathy
with him.
10. It is such an important issue that we should not ignore it.
IV
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1. The sun shone so brightky that Maria had to put on her sunglasses.
2. Dean was such a powerful swimmer that he always won the race.
3. There were so few students registered that the class was cancelled.
4. The houses was so beautiful that took a picture of it.
5. This is such a good film that I want to see it again anf again.
6. There were so many guests that there wasn’t enough food.
7. David has so sick that he was sent to the hospital.
8. He was so sick that he was sent to the hospital.
9. It was so sark that he couldn’t see anything.
10.He has such a wide knoeledge that we can’t help admiring him.
11.The fire raged so strongly that the house was burnt down.
12. My father has such a good health tha he seldom takes nay medicines.
13.Hois manner was so rude that it offends nearly everyone he met.
14.He had such an unacceptable behavior that the principal to expel him.
15.it is such a tiny kitchen that I don’t have to do much to keep it clean.
16.He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him.
17.The explosion was so strong that windows were blown out.
18.He lectured in such boring way that in the audience found it impossible
to understand.
19.There was so little traffic that it took us only ten miniutes to get there.
20.There were so many people came to the meeting that there weren’t enogh
seats foe everyone.
V
1. He is such a dever boy that he can answer all my questions.
2. Mr. Keller is such a rich man that he can give the charitable society onr
million dollars.
3. It is such a large city that I’ve got lost.
4. It is such a small shop that we don’t tak notice of it.
5. This issue was so important that we could not afford to ignore it.
6. It was such a bad play we saw yestarday that we went out by halves.
7. He told us such a funny story that I couldn’t help laghing.
8. The damage was so bad that it would cost thousands of dollars to repair.
9. The stars we saw were so beautiful that we were amazed.
10.Mary has such a beautiful voice that we all like to hear her sing.
11.Miss Snow has such a valuable ring that she keeps it very carefully.
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12.You have such a fierce dog that nobody dares to approach it.
13.It was such a fastened knot that it was impossible to undo.
14.It is such an old car that we must repair it three times a month.
15. The information we learn is so interesting that it will take years to
process it.
VI
1. It was too cold for us to go out.
2. Mr. Pike is too weak to walk without a stick.
3. the ground is too hard for us to dig.
4. The elephant is too big to run fast.
5. Your handwriting is too bad for me to read.
6. His anwers was too confused for me to make any sense of it.
7. The symtoms of diabetes in the early stages are too light for patinents to
notice.
8. These goods are too exoensive to be sister to follow.
9. She walked too fast for her younger sister to follow.
10.The class was too short for the students to get real experience in the
industry.
VII
1. He isn’t young enough to wear this coloured shirt.
2. She isn’t strong enough ro carry this bag.
3. Thispen isn’t cheap enogh for me to buy.
4. Bill isn’t cheap enough for me to buy.
5. This bag isn’t light enough for her to carry.
6. The test wasn’t easy enough for her to carry.
7. That sentences wasn’t short enogh for me to memorize.
8. The land isn’t fertile enough to grows crops.
9. The room isn’t quiet enough for us to study.
10. This book isn’t interesting enough to read.
VIII
1. so much 2. so much 3. so much 4. so much 5. so many
6. so much 7. so much 8. so many 9. so many 10. so much
11. so many 12. so much 13. so much 14. so much 15. so many

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