3.

3 Reheat – Regenerative Cycle

PROBLEM NO. 1

A Rankine reheat- regenerative cycle utilizes steam at 84bar and 560°C on the high pressure
turbine. The cycle includes one steam extraction stage for open feedwater heating at 16bar with the
remaining steam being reheated at 540°C. The condenser operates at 35°C. Draw the t–s diagram and
determine (a) the fraction of steam extracted; (b) turbine work; (c) the total pump work; (d) the cycle
thermal efficiency. Answers: 0.2467; 1421.06kJ/kg; 9.09kJ/kg; 46%

h1 = 3541.5 kJ/kg
h2 = 3032.93 kJ/kg
h3 = 3559.9 kJ/kg
h4 = 2348.57 kJ/kg
h5 = 146.68 kJ/kg
h6 = 148.28 kJ/kg
h7 = 858.79 kJ/kg
h8 = 866.67 kJ/kg

RH/RG – 1
PROBLEM NO. 2

A steam power plant with a net power output of 100MW operates on the ideal reheat- regenerative
rankine cycle. Steam enters the high pressure turbine at 10MPaa and 550°C, expands to 0.8 MPaa where
some steam is extracted to heat the feedwater in an open heater. The rest of the steam is then reheated
to 500°C and is expanded in the low-pressure turbine to a condenser pressure of 10 KPaa. With respect
to saturation lines show the cycle on a t-s diagram, and determine (a) the mass flow rate of steam through
the boiler; (b) the amount of steam extracted; and (c) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Answers:
68.2kg/s; 13.78kg/s; 44.38%

h1 = 3500.9 kJ/kg
h2 = 2811.38 kJ/kg
h3 = 3480.6 kJ/kg
h4 = 2494.42 kJ/kg
h5 = 191.83 kJ/kg
h6 = 192.63 kJ/kg
h7 = 721.11 kJ/kg
h8 = 731.37 kJ/kg

Given: t3 = 500 °C
Wnet = 100MW = 100 000 kW p4 = 10 kPaa = 0.01 MPaa
p1 = 10 MPaa Req’d:
t1 = 550 °C a) m
p2 = 0.8 MPaa b) m1
c) ecyc
RH/RG – 2
RH/RG – 3
PROBLEM NO. 3

Repeat problem 2 using a closed feedwater heater instead. Assume that the feedwater leaves the heater
with a TTD of 5.5°C at the condensation temperature of the extracted steam and the extracted steam
leaves the heater as a saturated liquid and is flashed to the condenser. Answers: 69.84kg/s; 16.55kg/s;
43.21%

h1 = 3500.9 kJ/kg
h2 = 2811.38 kJ/kg
h3 = 3480.6 kJ/kg
h4 = 2494.42 kJ/kg
h5 = 191.83 kJ/kg
h6 = 192.63 kJ/kg
h7 = 721.11 kJ/kg
h8 = 697.34 kJ/kg

Given:
Wnet = 100MW = 100 000 kW
p1 = 10 MPaa
t1 = 550 °C
p2 = 0.8 MPaa
t3 = 500 °C
p4 = 10 kPaa = 0.01 MPaa
Req’d:
a) m
b) m1
c) ecyc
Sol’n:

RH/RG – 4
PROBLEM NO. 4

A Rankine reheat–regenerative cycle has steam entering the high pressure turbine at 95bar and
480°C. The steam expands to 12bar where it is reheated to 450°C. It now enters the low-pressure turbine
where steam is extracted at 3.6bar for regenerative feedwater heating. The remaining steam further
expands to a condenser pressure of 55 mm Hg. Using an open heater determine (a) the percentage of
steam extracted; (b) the cycle thermal efficiency; (c) the turbine thermal efficiency; (d) the turbine steam
rate; and (e) the turbine heat rate. Answers: 14.79%; 43.65%; 43.42%; 2.48kg/kW.hr; 8209.81kJ/kW.hr

h1 = 3328.3 kJ/kg
h2 = 2801.28 kJ/kg
h3 = 3368.15 kJ/kg
h4 = 3020.12 kJ/kg
h5 = 2340.02 kJ/kg
h6 = 163.4 kJ/kg
h7 = 163.76 kJ/kg
h8 = 588.59 kJ/kg
h9 = 598.46 kJ/kg

Given: p5 = 55 mmHg = 0.007 MPaa

p1 = 95 bar = 9.5 MPaa Req’d:
t1 = 480 °C a) %m1
p2 = 12 bar = 1.2 MPaa b) ecyc
t3 = 450 °C c) et
p4 = 3.6 bar = 0.36 MPaa d) SRt
RH/RG – 5
e) HRt sg = 6.9311 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 4 is sh, use Table 3
Sol’n: 7.5062 3006.5 270
use Table 3 @ p1 = 9.5 MPaa, t1 = 480 °C 7.5311 h4 t4
h1 = 3328.3 kJ/kg 7.5435 3026.9 280
s1 = 6.5588 kJ/kg.K h4 = 3020.12 kJ/kg
s2 = s 1 t4 = 276.68 °C
check Table 2 @ p2 = 1.6 MPaa check Table 2 @ p5 = 0.007 MPaa
sf = 2.2166 kJ/kg.K sf = 0.5592 kJ/kg.K
sg = 6.5233 kJ/kg.K sg = 8.2758 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 2 is sh, use Table 3 ∴ cond. 5 is wm
6.5348 2790.1 190 s5 - sf 7.5311 - 0.5592
x5 = = = 0.9035
6.5588 h2 t2 sfg 7.7176
6.5627 2803.1 195 h5 = hf + x5hfg = 163.4 + (0.9035)(2409.1)
h2 = 2801.28 kJ/kg h5 = 2340.02 kJ/kg
t2 = 194.3 °C h6 = hf5 = 163.4 kJ/kg
p 3 = p2 h7 = vf5(p4 - p5) + h6 = 1.0074x10-3(360 - 7) + 163.4
use Table 3 @ p3 = 1.2 MPaa, t3 = 450 °C h7 = 163.76 kJ/kg
h3 = 3368.15 kJ/kg h8 = hf4 = 588.59 kJ/kg
s3 = 7.5311 kJ/kg.K h9 = vf4(p1 - p4) + h8 = 1.0796x10-3(9500 - 360) + 588.59
s3 = s 4 = s5 h9 = 598.46 kJ/kg
check Table 2 @ p4 = 0.36 MPaa
sf = 1.7378 kJ/kg.K

RH/RG – 6
PROBLEM NO. 5

A power plant with a net power output is 285 MW operates on a reheat–regenerative vapor power
cycle with two open feedwater heaters. Steam enters the first turbine stage at 110 bar, 600 °C and expands
to 40 bar, where some of the steam is extracted and diverted to an open feedwater heater. The remaining
steam expands to 20 bar where it is reheated to 480 °C. After reheating it enters the second turbine stage.
Steam is again extracted and diverted to another open feedwater heater at 8 bar with the remaining steam
expanding to a condenser pressure of 7 kPaa. Considering all pump works, draw the t–s diagram and
determine (a) the condition of steam (x or °Sh) entering each heater; (b) the mass flow rate entering the
first turbine stage; (c) the amounts of steam extracted; (d) the thermal efficiency of the cycle; (e) the
turbine thermal efficiency; (f) the turbine heat rate; (g) the rate of heat rejection in the condenser.
Answers: 173.4 °C, 169.31 °C; 212.98kg/s; 30.35kg/s, 34.18kg/s; 47.43%; 47.66%; 7553.27kJ/kW.hr;
315 825.57kW
h1 = 3616.9 kJ/kg
h2 = 3270.02 kJ/kg
h3 = 3073.2 kJ/kg
h4 = 3423.5 kJ/kg
h5 = 3140.15 kJ/kg
h6 = 2290.88 kJ/kg
h7 = 163.4 kJ/kg
h8 = 164.2 kJ/kg
h9 = 721.11 kJ/kg
h10 = 724.68 kJ/kg
h11 = 1087.31 kJ/kg
h12 = 1096.08 kJ/kg

Given:
Wnet = 285MW = 285 000 kW
p1 = 110 bar = 11 MPaa
t1 = 600 °C
p2 = 40 bar = 4 MPaa
p3 = 20 bar = 2 MPaa
t4 = 480 °C
p5 = 8 bar = 0.8 MPaa
p6 = 7 kPaa = 0.007 MPaa
Req’d:
a) x2 or °Sh2 , x5 or °Sh5
b) m
c) m1 , m 2
d) ecyc
e) et
f) HRt
g) QR
Sol’n:
use Table 3 @ p1 = 11 MPaa, t1 = 600 °C
h1 = 3616.9 kJ/kg
RH/RG – 7
s1 = 6.8514 kJ/kg.K
s1 = s 2 = s3
check Table 2 @ p2 = 4 MPaa
sf = 2.7964 kJ/kg.K
sg = 6.0701 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 2 is sh, use Table 3
6.8379 3260.6 420
6.8514 h2 t2
6.8713 3283.9 430
h2 = 3270.02 kJ/kg
t2 = 424.04 °C
check Table 2 @ p3 = 2 MPaa
sf = 2.4474 kJ/kg.K
sg = 6.3409 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 3 is sh, use Table 3
6.8452 3069.5 320
6.8514 h3 t3
6.8831 3092.1 330
h3 = 3073.2 kJ/kg
t3 = 321.64 °C
p 4 = p3
use Table 3 @ p4 = 2 MPaa, t4 = 480 °C
h4 = 3423.5 kJ/kg
s4 = 7.3740 kJ/kg.K
s4 = s 5 = s6
check Table 2 @ p5 = 0.8 MPaa
sf = 2.0462 kJ/kg.K
sg = 6.6628 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 5 is sh, use Table 3
7.3403 3119.6 330
7.3740 h5 t5
7.3749 3140.7 340
h5 = 3140.15 kJ/kg
t5 = 339.74 °C
check Table 2 @ p6 = 0.007 MPaa
sf = 0.5592 kJ/kg.K
sg = 8.2758 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 6 is wm
s6 - sf 7.3740 - 0.5592
x6 = = = 0.8831
sfg 7.7176
h6 = hf + x6hfg = 163.4 + (0.8831)(2409.1)
h6 = 2290.88 kJ/kg
h7 = hf6 = 163.4 kJ/kg
h8 = vf6(p5 - p6) + h7 = 1.0074x10-3(800 - 7) + 163.4
h8 = 164.2 kJ/kg
h9 = hf5 = 721.11 kJ/kg

RH/RG – 8
h10 = vf5(p2 - p5) + h9 = 1.1148x10-3(4000 - 800) + 721.11
h10 = 724.68 kJ/kg
h11 = hf2 = 1087.31 kJ/kg
h12 = vf2(p1-p2)+h11 = 1.2522x10-3(11 000 - 4000) + 1087.31
h12 = 1096.08 kJ/kg

RH/RG – 9
PROBLEM NO. 6 (Tabulated enthalpies and t-s diagram are required at the start of your solution)

A power plant with a net power output of 175 MW operates on an ideal reheat–regenerative vapor
power cycle with steam entering the turbine at 110 bar, 580 °C. It then expands to 38 bar, where some
of the steam is extracted and diverted to an open heater. The remaining steam expands to 25 bar where
it is then reheated to 480 °C. After reheating it re-enters the turbine, steam is again extracted at 9.8bar
and diverted to a closed heater operating at a TTD of 7 °C. The condensate from the closed heater is
flashed to the condenser operating at a pressure of 8 kPaa. Determine (a) the condition of steam (x or
°Sh) entering each heater; (b) the amounts of steam extracted; (c) the BWR; (d) the cycle thermal
efficiency; (e) the turbine thermal efficiency; (f) the turbine heat rate; (g) the rate of heat rejection in the
condenser. Answers: 151.66 °C, 157.65 °C; 19.33kg/s, 27.88kg/s; 0.00967; 45.45%; 45.7%;
7878.14kJ/kW-hr; 210 009.55kW.
h1 = 3566.7 kJ/kg
h2 = 3214.83 kJ/kg
h3 = 3097.35 kJ/kg
h4 = 3417.5 kJ/kg
h5 = 3129.82 kJ/kg
h6 = 2273.71 kJ/kg
h7 = 173.88 kJ/kg
h8 = 177.7 kJ/kg
h9 = 758.94 kJ/kg
h10 = 727.99 kJ/kg
h11 = 1072.68 kJ/kg
h12 = 1081.65 kJ/kg

Given:
Wnet = 175MW = 175 000 kW
p1 = 110 bar = 11 MPaa
t1 = 580 °C
p2 = 38 bar = 3.8 MPaa
p3 = 25 bar = 2.5 MPaa
t4 = 480 °C
p5 = 9.8 bar = 0.98 MPaa
TTD = 7 °C
p6 = 8 kPaa = 0.008 MPaa
Req’d:
a) x2 or °Sh2 , x5 or °Sh5
b) m1 , m2
c) BWR
d) ecyc
e) et
f) HRt
g) QR
Sol’n:
RH/RG – 10
use Table 3 @ p1 = 11 MPaa, t1 = 580 °C
h1 = 3566.7 kJ/kg
s1 = 6.7933 kJ/kg.K
s1 = s 2 = s3
check Table 2 @ p2 = 3.8 MPaa
sf = 2.7688 kJ/kg.K
sg = 6.0915 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 2 is sh, use Table 3
6.7614 3193.5 390
6.7933 h2 t2
6.7967 3217.1 400
h2 = 3214.83 kJ/kg
t2 = 399.04 °C
check Table 2 @ p3 = 2.5 MPaa
sf = 2.5547 kJ/kg.K
sg = 6.2575 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 3 is sh, use Table 3
6.7649 3080.1 330
6.7933 h3 t3
6.8031 3103.3 340
h3 = 3097.35 kJ/kg
t3 = 337.43 °C
p 4 = p3
use Table 3 @ p4 = 2.5 MPaa, t4 = 480 °C
h4 = 3417.5 kJ/kg
s4 = 7.2650 kJ/kg.K
s4 = s 5 = s6
check Table 2 @ p5 = 0.98 MPaa
sf = 2.1302 kJ/kg.K
sg = 6.5934 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 5 is sh, use Table 3
7.2417 3115.6 330
7.2650 h5 t5
7.2766 3136.9 340
h5 = 3129.82 kJ/kg
t5 = 336.68 °C
check Table 2 @ p6 = 0.008 MPaa
sf = 0.5926 kJ/kg.K
sg = 8.2287 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 6 is wm
s6 - sf 7.2650 - 0.5926
x6 = = = 0.8738
sfg 7.6361
h6 = hf + x6hfg = 173.88 + (0.8738)(2403.1)
h6 = 2273.71 kJ/kg
h7 = hf6 = 173.88 kJ/kg
h8 = vf6(p2 - p6) + h7 = 1.0084x10-3(3800 - 8) + 173.88

RH/RG – 11
h8 = 177.7 kJ/kg
h9 = hf5 = 758.94 kJ/kg
t9 = tsat2 = 179.03 °C
t10 = t9 - TTD = 179.03 - 7 = 172.03 ≈ 172 °C
h10 = hf172°C = 727.99 kJ/kg
h11 = hf2 = 1072.68 kJ/kg
h12 = vf2(p1-p2)+h11 = 1.2453x10-3(11 000 - 3800) + 1072.68
h12 = 1081.65 kJ/kg

RH/RG – 12
PROBLEM NO. 7 (Tabulated enthalpies and t-s diagram are required at the start of your solution)

An ideal reheat–regenerative vapor power cycle with a net power output of 85MW has steam
entering the turbine at 100 bar, 530 °C and exhaust to the condenser at 52.51mm Hg abs. Extraction
points are at 28 bar for the closed heater and 1 bar for the open heater. The closed heater operates with
a TTD of 6.1 °C with the condensate flashed to the open heater. The reheater operates at 10bar with
steam reheated to an enthalpy of 3435.2 kJ/kg. Considering all pump works, determine (a) the condition
of steam (x or °Sh) entering each heater; (b) the amounts of steam extracted; (c) the BWR; (d) the cycle
thermal efficiency; (e) the turbine thermal efficiency; (f) the rate of heat addition in the reheater; (g) the
rate of heat rejection in the condenser. Answers: 97.6 °C, 70.53 °C; 16.61kg/s, 1kg/s ; 0.00784; 44.81%;
45%; 29 107.8kW; 104 711.63kW.
h1 = 3450.5 kJ/kg
h2 = 3067.18 kJ/kg
h3 = 2827.95 kJ/kg
h4 = 3435.2 kJ/kg
h5 = 2816.31 kJ/kg
h6 = 2394.47 kJ/kg
h7 = 163.4 kJ/kg
h8 = 163.49 kJ/kg
h9 = 417.46 kJ/kg
h10 = 427.79 kJ/kg
h11 = 990.59 kJ/kg
h12 = 962.14 kJ/kg

Given:
Wnet = 85MW = 85 000 kW
p1 = 100 bar = 10 MPaa
t1 = 530 °C
p2 = 28 bar = 2.8 MPaa
p3 = 10 bar = 1 MPaa
h4 = 3435.2 kJ/kg
p5 = 1 bar = 0.1 MPaa
TTD = 6.1 °C
p6 = 52.51 mmHg = 0.007 MPaa
Req’d:
a) x2 or °Sh2 , x5 or °Sh5
b) m1 , m2
c) BWR
d) ecyc
e) et
f) QRH
g) QR
Sol’n:
use Table 3 @ p1 = 10 MPaa, t1 = 530 °C
h1 = 3450.5 kJ/kg
RH/RG – 13
s1 = 6.6941 kJ/kg.K
s1 = s 2 = s3
check Table 2 @ p2 = 2.8 MPaa
sf = 2.6109 kJ/kg.K
sg = 6.2139 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 2 is sh, use Table 3
6.6633 3048.7 320
6.6941 h2 t2
6.7033 3072.7 330
h2 = 3067.18 kJ/kg
t2 = 327.7 °C
check Table 2 @ p3 = 1 MPaa
sf = 2.1387 kJ/kg.K
sg = 6.5865 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 3 is sh, use Table 3
6.6940 2827.9 200
6.6941 h3 t3
6.7437 2851.7 210
h3 = 2827.95 kJ/kg
t3 = 200.02 °C
p 4 = p3
check Table 2 @ p4 = 1 MPaa
hf = 762.81 kJ/kg
hg = 2778.1 kJ/kg
∴ cond. 4 is sh, use Table 3
h4 = 3435.2 kJ/kg
s4 = 7.7055 kJ/kg.K
t4 = 480 °C
s4 = s 5 = s6
check Table 2 @ p5 = 0.1 MPaa
sf = 1.3026 kJ/kg.K
sg = 7.3594 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 5 is sh, use Table 3
7.7048 2816.0 170
7.7055 h5 t5
7.7489 2835.8 180
h5 = 2816.31 kJ/kg
t5 = 170.16 °C
check Table 2 @ p6 = 0.007 MPaa
sf = 0.5592 kJ/kg.K
sg = 8.2758 kJ/kg.K
∴ cond. 6 is wm
s6 - sf 7.7055 - 0.5592
x6 = = = 0.9261
sfg 7.7176
h6 = hf + x6hfg = 163.4 + (0.9261)(2409.1)
h6 = 2394.47 kJ/kg
RH/RG – 14
h7 = hf6 = 163.4 kJ/kg
h8 = vf6(p5 - p6) + h7 = 1.0074x10-3(100 - 7) + 163.4
h8 = 163.49 kJ/kg
h9 = hf5 = 417.46 kJ/kg
h10 = vf5(p1 - p5) + h9 = 1.0432x10-3(10 000 - 100) + 417.46
h10 = 427.79 kJ/kg
h11 = hf2 = 990.59 kJ/kg
t11 = tsat2 = 230.1 °C
t12 = t11 - TTD = 230.1 - 6.1 = 224 °C
h12 = hf224°C = 962.14 kJ/kg

RH/RG – 15
PROBLEM NO. 8 (Tabulated enthalpies and t-s diagram are required at the start of your solution)
A power plant operates on the reheat-regenerative Rankine cycle. 35 kg/s of steam enters the HP
turbine at 10.5 MPaa, 500OC, it expands to 5 MPaa where part of the steam is extracted and delivered to
an open heater with the remaining steam reheated to 485OC. The steam then enters the LP turbine where
it expands to 1.15 MPaa where part of it is extracted and delivered to a closed heater (TTD= 6 OC), the
remaining steam expands and enters the condenser operating at 685 mm Hgvac. The steam in the closed
feedwater heater is completely condensed, and is pumped to the open heater where it mixes with the
feedwater at the same pressure. For the ideal cycle, determine (a) the temperature at the inlet of both
heaters; (b) the cycle and turbine thermal efficiencies; (c) the heat transferred (kW) in the condenser and
boiler. Assuming isentropic efficiencies of 88% for both the turbines and 83% for each pump, determine
(d) the temperature at the inlet of both heaters; (e) the cycle and turbine thermal efficiencies. Answers:
379.26 °C, 268.64 °C; 44.87%; 45.12%; 46 684.4kW; 84 681.45kW; 389.93 °C, 291.65 °C; 40.41%;
40.75%
Note: 1) convert condenser pressure to absolute. 2) there are three pumps- one after the
condenser, the closed heater and the open heater. 3) for the actual cycle you will have to solve for h2’, h4’,
h5s, h5’. 4) WP1= (1-m1-m2)( h7- h6), WP2= (m2)( h10- h9), WP3= ( h12- h11)

h1=3367.35kJ/kg 1 500 OC
h2=3144.02 485 OC
h3=3398.71 3
t (1)
h4=2978.59 2’ (1-m1)
h5= 2195.32
QA 379.26 OC
h6= 191.83 2
h7= 196.87 4’
10.5MPaa
h8= 763.22 WP3 12
(1) 4 268.64 OC
h9= 790.19 5
(1)
h10= 794.50 WP2 10 11 (m1)
h11= 1154.23 (m2) 1.15 WT
(1-m1- m2) 9 (m2)
h12= 1161.30 (1-m1-m2)
h2’ = 3170.82 180 OC 8
h4’ = 3029.00 WP1
7
1.01
h5s = 2321.05 6
(1-m1-m2) 5 5s 5’
h7’ = 197.90
h10’ = 795.40 QR s
h12’ = 1162.75

RH/RG – 16