Final Internship Report

Submitted To:
Engr. Misbah Niamat
Submitted By:
Muhammad Farhan
2017-BT-MECH-733

Department of Mechanical Engineering & Technology

MNS,Uinversty of Engineering & Technology Multan

1
 Industrial Training/Project

Muhammad Farhan 2017-BT-MECH-733

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

B.S Mechanical Engineering & Technology

Industrial Liaison officer Coordinator

Name: ________________ Name: ________________

Signature: ______________ Signature: ________________

Head of Department
Name: _______________
Signature: ___________

______________________________________________________________________________

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MNS,Universty of Engineering & Technology, Multan
2017-2021

2
3
Contents
Industrial Training/Project.....................................................................................................................1
Background............................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER NO.1.......................................................................................................................................8
Duct Installation....................................................................................................................................8
1.1. What is Duct...................................................................................................................................8
1.2. Duct fabrication..............................................................................................................................8
1.3. Types of duct:.................................................................................................................................8
1.4. Types of duct sheet gauge:.............................................................................................................9
1.5. Duct Sealing:...................................................................................................................................9
1.6. Duct Leakage test:..........................................................................................................................9
1.7. Types of duct leakage test:...........................................................................................................10
1.8 Aluminium Cladding G Over Pipe and Duct Insulation...................................................................10
Material......................................................................................................................................10
Installation..................................................................................................................................10
1.9. Ventilation and Exhaust Fans........................................................................................................10
1.9.1. Centrifugal Fans:........................................................................................................................11
1.9.2. Tubular Centrifugal....................................................................................................................12
1.10 Duct diffuser define:....................................................................................................................13
1.11 Acoustic Duct Liner......................................................................................................................13
Insulation Schedule.....................................................................................................................13
1.12. Diffusers Regi Installation Steers Grilles & Louvers Install..........................................................15
Adjusting....................................................................................................................................15
CLEANING................................................................................................................................15
1.13. Air handling units (ahu):.............................................................................................................15
1.MATERIALS..........................................................................................................................16
Component Features...........................................................................................................................18
A. Unit casing.......................................................................................................................................18
Chapter No 2.......................................................................................................................................19
2.1. Plumbing:......................................................................................................................................19
2.2. What is types of plumbing pipes...................................................................................................20
2.3. Plumbing Indicating Instrumes.....................................................................................................20
2.4. Plumbing Pipe Hangers & Support:...............................................................................................22
2.5. Plumbing Insulation......................................................................................................................24
2.1.5. Insulation Schedule....................................................................................................................24

4
Piping Materials, inches.........................................................................................................................24
2.6 Plumbing Pipe and Fitting Installation...........................................................................................24
2.7. TESTING PRESSURES.....................................................................................................................25
2.8. Drainage Piping Pressure Test......................................................................................................26
2.9 Plumbing Fixtures..........................................................................................................................26
2.10 Plumbing and Drainage Services Connection...............................................................................27
Installation..................................................................................................................................27
Chapter No. 3......................................................................................................................................28
3.1. Firefighting:...................................................................................................................................28
3.2. FIRE FIGHTING PUMP....................................................................................................................28
PUMP HEAD................................................................................................................................28
2.1 MATERIALS.......................................................................................................................28
3.3. Fire Protection Piping and Accessories.........................................................................................30
3.4. Fire Hose Cabinets........................................................................................................................34
1.1.1 Materials............................................................................................................................34
Installation..................................................................................................................................34
3.5. What Is Welding:..........................................................................................................................35
3.6. Welding types:..............................................................................................................................35
3.7. Welding Joints..............................................................................................................................36
Figure # 11 Welding.............................................................................................................................37
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................37
References...........................................................................................................................................37

5
List of Figures Page No.

Figure – 1 Plumbing …………………………………………………………………………...10

Figure – 2 Duct Fabrication ……………………………………………………………………11

Figure – 3 Duct Sealing ……………………………………………………………………… 12

Figure – 4 Axial Flow Fans …………………………………………………………………… 13

Figure – 5 Centrifugal Fans …………………………………………………………… ……...15

Figure – 6 Diffuser ………………………………………………………………………. …....16

Figure – 7 AHUS …………………………………………………………………………........19

Figure – 8 Plumbing …………………………………………………………………………... 22

Figure – 9 Hanging and Support ………………………………………………… …………...26

Figure – 10 Pressure Gauge………………………………………………… ………………...29

Figure – 11 Fire Fighting ……………………………………………… ……………………...31

Figure – 12 Joints Type ……………………………………………… ………………………...39

Figure – 13 Welding …………………………………………………………………………...40

6
Background
Pro Health & Venture Engineering is located at Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. This Firm is often
deal with Mechanical and Electrical work like.

 Plumbing
 Fire Fighting
 HVAC
 Duct Fabrication
 Welding

This firm made in Pakistan. Now with the day and night effort of Pakistani engineers,
technicians and workers, the complex has grown to their abilities to deal with mechanical
work.

Figure – 1 Plumbing

7
CHAPTER NO.1
Duct Installation
1.1. What is Duct
 Duct are conduits or passages use in heating ‘ventilation and air condition to deliver
and remove air. The needed airflow include, for example, supply air, return air,
exhaust air.
 Duct commonly also deliver ventilation air as of the supply air.

1.2. Duct fabrication

 Sheet metal fabrication is an art in itself and requires special training to make sure the
duct are solid and will carry the hvac air through a system with no leaks.

Figure – 2 Duct Fabrication

1.3. Types of duct:

 Sheet metal duct
 Fiberglass lined duct
 Fiber board duct

8
1.4. Types of duct sheet gauge:
 Sheet metal GAUGE use in project
 24
 22
 20
 18

1.5. Duct Sealing:

Duct sealing is a process of applying approved materials or sealants on the duct joints prone
to air leakages. Locations where sealing is typically performed include the supply and return
plenums, starting collars where ducts are connected to the plenums, fittings in the duct runs,
splices within the duct run, and terminations where the ducts connect to the supply registers.

Figure – 3 Duct Sealing

9
1.6. Duct Leakage test:
A duct leakage tester is a diagnostic tool designed to measure the airtightness of
forced air heating, ventilation and air, conditioning ductwork.

1.7. Types of duct leakage test:

 Light test
 Smoke test
 Air test

1.8 Aluminium Cladding G Over Pipe and Duct Insulation

Material
Cladding over pipe and duct insulation shall be Aluminium sheet of 0.80 mm including
valves fittings and accessories.

Installation
Cladding on all exposed chilled water piping and ducts insulation shall be carried out of
Aluminium sheet of 0.80 mm. Cladding shall be executed in a professional manner with
proper overlaps and standardized pieces for valves and fittings. Cladding shall be
installed over the finished insulation in a manner such that no damage occurs to the
insulation or vapour barrier.

1.9. Ventilation and Exhaust Fans

All Axial Flow fans shall be provided installation as shown on drawings, and shall be in-
accordance with the Fan schedule. Fans shall have factory mounted, rolled steel ring for
flanged duct connections.
Axial Flow Fans shall have cast airfoil shaped adjustable pitch blades and galvanized or
painted heavy gauge steel casing. Motor shall be belt-driven outside of the casing.
Inlet or outlet cones shall be as manufactured for the fan and a protective screen shall be
provided where fan is connected to a plenum or duct work
Access doors in the fan casing or in adjacent ductwork 450mm x 450mm minimum or
larger if required, shall be provided for easy removal of motor.

10
 Figure -4 Axial Flow Fans

1.9.1. Centrifugal Fans:

All fans shall have arrangement as shown in drawings and shall be in accordance with
the Fan Schedule.
All Centrifugal fans, handling more than 500 l/s, shall have backward inclined blades,
unless shown otherwise. Access doors shall be provided on the fan scroll. Doors shall
be hinged, in reinforced angle frames and provided with clamping devices. Minimum
size shall be 4 5 0 mm x 350mm or full width of fan scroll, if scroll is less than 450mm
wide.
Drain connections of 25mm pipe size half coupling shall be welded into the bottom of
the scroll with a square -headed, threaded, brass plug.
Utility fans shall conform with the specification for centrifugal fans above with the
exception of the drive arrangement and belt guard, which shall be standard utility
arrangement.

11
 :

Figure -5 Centrifugal Fans

1.9.2. Tubular Centrifugal

Fans Tubular Centrifugal fans shall be belt driven with non-over loading airfoil
centrifugal fan wheel. All fans shall have arrangements shown on drawings and in
accordance with fan schedules.
Performance characteristics shall include a sharply rising pressure characteristic
throughout its operating range and exhibit non-overloading power characteristics with the
peak in the normal operating area of the curve.
Fan wheel shall be high efficiency non-overloading air foil type with die formed double
surface continuously welded blades for hub-plate and wheel cone.
Shafts shall be AISI C-1045 lot rolled steel turned ground and polished with its first critical
speed at least 140% of the maximum operating speed.

12
1.10 Duct diffuser define:
Diffuser is a device for reducer the velocity and increasing the static pressure of fluid passing
through a system, Diffuser are used to slow the velocity while increasing its pressure.

Figure -6 Diffuser

1.11 Acoustic Duct Liner

Fiber glas duct liner wIth fabric on air side, to ASTM C1071 type 2 rigid board type, 48kg
/ m³ density; 121°C maximum service temperature: maximum face velocity on fabric side
20.3m/s; noncombustible; 25mm thick.
Application: 25mm thick where shown on drawings.

Insulation Schedule

Insulation shall be as per following schedule:

i) CHILLED WATER
- Piping below 50mm – Elastomeric Foam Insulation 20 mm
thickness. Piping above 50mm – Elastomeric Foam Insulation 32
mm thickness.
ii) CONDENSATE PIPING –Elastomeric Foam Insulation 13 mm thickness

13
 iii) SHEET METAL DUCT WORK
Indoor – Fiber glass Blanket Insulation 25mm thickness
48Kg / m3 density.
Outdoor – Fiber glass Rigid Board 50mm thick 48Kg / m3
density.
Five Ducts – Rockwool Blanket with GI wire mesh 96 Kg /
m3 density finished with insulating cement and
painted.
Kitchen Hood Ducts– Calcium silicate block insulation wire mesh and finished with insulating
cement and painted EQUIPMENT
1. Material and Finishes

Hot water converters and hot water expansion tanks50mm thick, 96 kg/m3 density, rigid board,

fiber glass insulation.

All insulation required for the work shall be new, of first-class quality and shall be
furnished, delivered, erected and finished in every detail, and shall be so selected and
arranged as to fit properly into the building spaces. Where no specific kind or quality is
specified, a first-class standard article as approved by the Architect shall be provided.

Jackets and Facings

Vapor barrier jackets and facings shall have a permeance rating not to exceed 0.02, puncture

resistance not less than 50 Beach units, and tensile strength no less than 241.33 kPa in

width.

Jackets and facings on insulation in exposed areas shall have a white finish suitable for
painting without sizing. All exterior ductwork shall be clad with 26-gauge Aluminum
cladding

14
1.12. Diffusers Regi Installation Steers Grilles & Louvers
Install
diffusers, registers, and grilles level and plumb, according to manufacturer’s written
instructions, coordination drawings, original design, and referenced standards.
Install diffusers, registers, and grilles with airtight connection to ducts.

Adjusting
After installation, adjust diffusers, registers, and grilles to air patterns indicated, or as directed,
before starting air balancing. Adjustable outlet diffuser: adjust pattern for draft-free air
distribution.

Cleaning
After installation of diffusers, registers, and grilles, inspect exposed finish, Clean exposed
surfaces to remove burrs, dirt, and smudges. Replace diffusers, registers, and grilles that
have damaged finishes.

1.13. Air handling units (ahu):

 AHU is a device used to condition and circulate air as part of a heating ventilation
and air condition (Hvac)system.
 It is a large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter
racks or chambers, humidity and temperature control loops

15
 Figure -7 AHU

1.MATERIALS
Furnish Double skin Central Station Modular Air Handling Units of type, size and
capacity as set forth and called for in the equipment schedules. Units shall be
constructed to comply with the requirements of material and workmanship according to the
latest ASME Codes or equivalent. Units shall be tested before dispatch and ready for
installation, and their performance certified in accordance with ARI standard 430 or equivalent.
A. Components
The units shall be complete with insulated casings, water proof insulated drain
pan(s), coil(s), fan(s), motor and starter, adjustable motor and fan drives, V-belts,
belt guards, filters, dampers as required, access doors, mixing box(es), vibration
isolators and all other items necessary for satisfactory operation. For
components required for each unit refer to drawings and schedules.

B. Coordination
The Supplier shall verify and confirm that the dimensions of the units offered by
The Supplier are suitable for installation in the space available and he shall be

16
responsible for ensuring that the units are capable of being installed in the
available space. The owner shall only place an order with The Supplier based on
The Contractor written confirmation.

C. Delivery, Storage and Handling

Units shall be delivered factory assembled with protective crating and covering
and their delivery coordinated in sufficient time to allow movement into
building. The unit base shall be supplied with painted lifting lugs located to
suit optimum hoisting stability. Units are to be handled as per manufacturer’s
written rigging and installation instructions for unloading and moving to final
location. Units shall be shipped fully assembled (within freight limitations) on a
minimum 10-gauge galvanized steel base rail/ housekeeping pad.

D. Warranty
The special warranty specified in this Article shall not deprive the Owner of
other rights the Owner may have under other provisions of the Contract
Documents and shall be in addition to, and run concurrent with, other
warranties made by the Contractor/Supplier under requirements of the
Contract Documents.

E. Special Warranty
A written warranty, executed by the manufacturer and signed by the
Supplier, agreeing to replace components (parts + labor) that fail in
workmanship, within the specified warranty period, provided manufacturer’s
written instructions for installation, operation, and maintenance have been
followed.

Warranty Period, Fans: Manufacturer’s standard but not less than 3 years after date of
shipment Warranty Period, Coils: Manufacturer’s standard but not less than 5 years
after date of shipment Warranty Period, All other Components: Manufacturers’
standard but not less than 2 years after date of shipmen.

17
Component Features
A. Unit casing
i) General Construction:
Unit shall be constructed of a complete frame with removable panels.
Removal of side panels must not affect the structural integrity of each
module. The casing must be able to withstand up to 152mm (6”)
positive or 102mm (4”) negative static pressure. All exterior wall
panels shall be made of minimum 18-gauge G90 galvanized steel.
Closed-cell foam gasket shall be provided where modules are joined, to
ensure that no thermal bridge occurs.

ii) Base and Frame:

The unit base and upper frame shall be hot dipped galvanized.

iii) Wall Construction:

Units shall be double-wall constructed to prevent fiberglass erosion into
the airstream and to allow cleaning of the unit interior. Interior wall
shall be a minimum of 25mm (1”) thick of either 20-gauge solid plate
galvanized steel.

Double-wall units shall be factory insulated with minimum insulation

density of 32 kg/m³. The insulation thickness and density is to be
selected by the manufacturer for indoor and outdoor (weather exposed)
type AHU to ensure that the following minimum criteria are met:

Heat Transfer Coefficient: 1.15

W/m² K Noise Attenuation Characteristics:
As per
table below

Frequency (Hz) 6 12 25 50 1k 2k 4k 8k Overall

18
SPL (dB) 11 15 25 26 27 27 27 <30

19
Chapter No 2
2.1. Plumbing:
plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of application. Plumbing
uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to convey fluids.

Figure -8 Plumbing

20
2.2. What is types of plumbing pipes
 Copper pipes (metal)
 Galvanized steel
 Pvc

2.3. Plumbing Indicating Instrumes

SCHEDUL OF INSTRUMENTATION
ITEM
Location
Pressure Gauges Water in and Out, Each Pump
Cocks only Water in and Out, Each Heat
Exchanger Water in and Out, Water
Softening Equipment

PRV Stations, Each Stage. In and Out (other than fixture

branches) Item Location
Thermometers Water in and out, Each heat Exchanger

Wells Only Water Inlet - Each

Circulating Pump Thermometer Well Balancing
Rigs Domestic
Alarms High Temperature, Each Hot
Water Heater High Pressure Domestic Booster
System
Low Pressure
Domestic Booster System
High Water - Each Ejector Pit
Low Water - Each Sump Pit

High Water - Each Domestic Water

Storage Tank Low Water - Each

21
Domestic Water Storage Tank
High Water - Each Fire Tank
Low Water - Each
Fire Tank Running
Indication - Each Fire Pump
High Pressure - Each Pressure Regulating Valve Outlet (except Branch Fixture
PRV)

Pump Sequence Failure - Domestic Booster

Systems Pneumatic Tanks - High
Pressure
Pneumatic Tanks - Low Pressure

Surge Tank - Domestic Booster Pump System High

Water Level Softener Regeneration Indication.

22
2.4. Plumbing Pipe Hangers & Support:
2.1. MATERIAL
Adjustable clevis type pipe hangers shall be galvanized steel. Pipe rolls shall have cast iron
rollers, shaped to accept the outside diameter of the pipe. All components shall be galvanized.

HANGERS, INSERTS AND PIPE SUPPORTS

Provide suitable and substantial hangers and supports for all piping. As a minimum, for
metallic pressure piping systems, support horizontal piping in accordance with the
following schedule:

Pipe Size Maximum Hanger Spacing Rod Sizes

25mm and smaller 2.4 m 9.5 mm
32mm to 50mm 2.7 m 9.5 mm
65mm to 100mm 3.04 m 12.7 mm
125mm and larger 3.65 m 12.7 mm

Support hangers from approved concrete inserts where concrete slabs exist.
Support cast iron hub and spigot pipe and fittings on not more than 1.52 m. centers, or a
minimum of one hanger per each length of pipe. For No-Hub cast iron pipe
installations, provide a minimum of two hangers per each length of pipe.
Hangers shall be installed on each side of joint. Where an excessive number of fittings
are installed between hangers, provide additional hangers or reinforcing as required.
Securely anchor fittings to the building construction at changes of direction to eliminate
all horizontal movement.

Suspend all piping in Equipment Rooms connecting with the various pieces of equipment
with hangers utilizing vibration isolating elements.
Allow for expansion in risers and distribution and in connections from risers to fixture
branches.

23
Figure -9 Hanging and

PIPE SIZE (mm) MAX. HANGER SPACING (mm)

20 600
25 750
32 900
40 1000
50 1200
63 1400
75 1500
90 1600
110 1800

24
2.5. Plumbing Insulation.
2.1.5. Insulation Schedule
Piping Materials, inches

Cold Water Mains and Branches 15

Cold Water Risers (Including Pump Discharge) 15

Cold Water Fixture Risers 15

Cold Water Fixture Branches in Pipe Spaces 15

Cold Water Fixture Branches, Exposed 15

Cold Water Fixture Branches above Ceilings 15

Subject to evaluation of water temperatures and dew
points. Horizontal Leader and Horizontal
Storm Drain (including Vertical Stub to Roof Drain) 15

Horizontal Drains Serving Dehumidifiers (above Hung Ceilings) 15

Wastes from EWC or Chilled Water (above Hung Ceilings) 15

Hot Water and Hot Water circulating 15

(minimum).

Drains and Risers Design Engineer to evaluate BTU losses vs.

circulation required, vs. increase in insulation thickening.

2.6 Plumbing Pipe and Fitting Installation

The contractor shall ensure that joints are clean, undamaged and are adequately
lubricated. Where pipe work has to be cut to length, the Contractor shall use care to remove
any sharp edges before making a joint. Connections to the above ground pipe work shall
be through purpose made adapters.

25
The Contractor shall execute trenches of sufficient width to allow adequate working space
for pipe joints and inspection. The pipe work shall be laid on well compacted bedding.
Backfilling to trenches shall be carried out only after the drains have been tested to the
satisfaction of the Engineer. Where the pipe works has 1m cover, or it is run under
footpaths, provide buried warning tape.
Where pipes are laid under roadways access areas, with 1m or less cover they should be
encased in a concrete surround (min. 150 mm thick), with flexible joints (13 mm thick
fiberboard, or polystyrene) at 5mm maximum centers.
All drains shall be kept free of sand and other obstructions during constructions.
All changes of directions shall be gradual and not abrupt; 45-degree fitting shall be of the long
sweep. All unnecessary turns and off sets shall be carefully avoided, and run as directly
as possible from the sanitary fixtures to the vertical stacks.
Sufficient and suitable access shall be provided to enable pipe work to be tested and
maintained effectively. The access cover plugs or caps shall be so to facilitate the insertion
of testing apparatus and of equipment for cleaning and /or for the removable of blockages.
Their use shall not be impeded by the structure of other services. Extra support may be
required for the plugs or caps to withstand the head of water, especially at the lower
floors.
Vertical rainwater pipe work shall be provided with the means of access at or near the foot
of stack.
Vertical rainwater pipe work shall be provided with means of access near to, but above the
spill-over level of the pipe work likely to be affected by a blockage. Where no sanitary
fittings are connected on a floor to a stack, the means of access shall be provided at or
near floor level.
Branch discharge pipes serving ranges of sanitary fittings shall be provided with the means
of access at the head of branch and at the connection to the stack.
Means of access shall be provided at bends in vertical and in the horizontal plane in
long runs.

2.7. TESTING PRESSURES

 Hydro statically test domestic water piping (hot andcold) to pressure of 10.35
bar, or at least 1.5 times the working pressure whichever is
greater. High pressure piping shall be tested to a pressure of 28 bar.

26
  Hydrostatically test chilled water piping to not less than 1.5 times the
working pressure but no less than 10.35 bar (for 24-hour period),
whichever is greater.

 Hydrostatically test fire lines to 13.8 bar for 2hour in

accordance to NFPA 14 and the local municipality's requirements.
However, vertical risers of high-pressure piping to be
tested to 28 bar.

Figure -10 Pressure gauge

2.8. Drainage Piping Pressure Test

 All drainage piping shall be air pressure tested at a pressure equal to
2.4bar or as per manufacturer's recommendations to ensure that all
piping and are free from any leakage to the satisfaction of the
consultant

2.9 Plumbing Fixtures

 Provide the necessary plates, brackets, cleats, supports etc., for rigidly securing
fixtures in place. All roughing-in shall be accurately laid out No offset will be
accepted.
 All fixtures shall be free of defects. Any fixture which, in the opinion of the
Consultant, is damaged shall be removed and replaced. Clean and polish all
fixtures and trim upon completion.
 Wall-mounted fixtures with a back-water connection shall have an adjacent
access door, unless the pipe space is accessible and is sufficiently wide to allow

27
 the water connection to be made from within the pipe space. For this pipe space
shall be 200mm minimum clear width.
 Supply pipe to flush valve shall be anchored inside wall or pipe space to
prevent- movement of flush valve when open rated.
 Wherever shown on the drawings and in all public toilets provide chrome-
plated, trigger operated cleansing hose (AB) 1200mm long with suitable wall
hanger in the proximity of each toilet.

2.10 Plumbing and Drainage Services Connection

Installation

 The cost of all service connections required for the plumbing and drainage
system shall, be the responsibility of the contractor. This includes the supply
and installation of the water meter and all associated fitting, piping, etc.
 The contractor shall arrange and pay local authorities fees for all service
connections.
 Make any adjustments to piping systems necessary to suit the local
requirements.
 Coordinate routing and final points of connection with the local Municipality
and layout of municipal services and manholes and make amendments to
drawings to the satisfaction of authorities having jurisdiction. Manholes and
covers shall be installed to the municipality requirements.
 Where service connections are to be made with a developer’s utility interface
point, the contractor shall obtain, all developer and/or any local authority
having jurisdiction.

28
Chapter No. 3
3.1. Firefighting:
The action or process of extinguishing fires. A firefighting fight theses fires and
prevents destruction of life, property and the environment. Firefighting is a
highly technical profession which requires years of training and education to
become proficient.

Figure -11 Fire Fighting

3.2. FIRE FIGHTING PUMP

PUMP HEAD

I. The pump head shown on the drawing schedule is an estimate. The fire
protection contractor shall select a pump head to satisfy the fire
protection system requirements based on the system hydraulic
calculations.

29
2.1 MATERIALS
I. Fire pumps shall be UL or ULC listed and FM approved.
II. Each pump shall have a type & capacity as shown in Pump Schedule,
adjusted as necessary to suit the hydraulic calculations.
III. The pumping unit shall be listed by Underwriters' Laboratories lnc., and shall be
fully, approved by the Associated Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Companies,
and shall meet all requirements of the NFPA 20.
IV. The pumps shaft also deliver not less than 150% of rated capacity at a pressure
of not less than 65% of rated pressure. The shutoff pressure shall not exceed
140% of the rated pressure at rated capacity.
V. Each fire pump shall be of type & capacity as shown in Pump Schedule,
specifically labeled for fire service. The pump shall be connected to the
combined sprinkler/standpipe system. The suction supply for the fire pump
shall be from a storage tank at a maximum pressure of 20 kPa and a minimum
pressure of 0 kPa. The pump casing shall be cast iron and rated to withstand
twice the working pressure.
VI. The Fire and Sprinkler Pumps shall include the following minimum accessories,
as required by NFPA standards:
a. One ventilation type flow metering device shall be provided for each
pump, or as shown on the drawings.
b. Necessary valves with supervisory switches.
c. Air release valve and fittings.
d. Discharge pressure gauge.
e. Main relief valve, pilot operated, enclosed relief valve overflow cone
and discharge tee with elbow for the diesel drive only.
f. Main relief valve with discharge piped to storage water tank.
g. Pump casing relief valve.
VII. Electric motors shall be a horizontal, open drip-proof type, wound for 380-400
V, 3 phases, 50 Hz (cycle) current. Motor shall be of such capacity that 115%
of the full- load ampere rating shall not be exceeded at any condition of the
pump load for a UL ambient temperature Listed fire pump.

30
3.3. Fire Protection Piping and Accessories
I. PIPE AND FITTINGS

a. For working pressures below 2000 kPa.

i. Where working pressure in the piping is below 2000 kPa pipes
shall be seamless factory galvanized steel ASTM A53 grade B,
schedule 40 or to
B.S 1387, class - C.
ii. Fittings for piping 50mm and smaller shall be UL listed and
FM approved threaded factory galvanized cast iron fitting, class
250 to ANSI B16.4.
iii. Fittings for piping larger than 50mm shall be joined using
factory galvanized mechanical welded fittings and mechanical
joints. Fittings, gaskets and mechanical couplings shall be UL
listed and FM approved.
iv. Galvanizing shall be on the inside and outside of pipe and fittings.

b. For working pressures of 2000 kPa and above

i. Where working pressures in the piping is 2000 kPa and
above, pipes shall be seamless factory galvanized steel to
ASTM A53, grade B, schedule 80.
ii. Fittings for 50mm and smaller shall be UL listed and FM
approved threaded factory galvanized malleable iron fittings,
class 300 to ANSI B 16.3.
iii. Fittings for piping larger then 50mm shall be extra heavy UL
listed and FM approved flanged and weld galvanized wrought
steel fittings class 300 to ANSI B16.9.
iv. Galvanizing shall be on the inside and outside of pipe and fittings.

c. Welding
i. Shop welding and galvanizing of piping will be permitted in
lieu of screwed or flanged connections. Joining of sections of

31
 welded piping in the field shall be by screwed, flanged or
mechanical joints as specified. Field welding will not be
permitted.
ii. Welding fittings shall follow ANSI standard for factory made
wrought steel butt weld fittings ANSI No. B16.9, ANSI standard
butt-welding ends or pipe, valves, flanges and fittings ANSI No.
B16.25 and ASTM Standard, Specifications for piping fittings of
wrought carbon
d. Hangers and Supports
i. Piping hangers, supports and sway braces shall be fabricated
in accordance with NFPA-13. The hangers, rods supports and
supporting devices and accessories shall be capable of
supporting at least twice the live loads of the product being
supported. All hangers, supports and accessories shall be UL
listed and FM approved.
ii. Clevis hangers shall be adjustable of yoke and lower U strap
design with cross bolt and manufactured from galvanized steel.
Cross bolt shall have a double locking nut. Vertical adjustable
supporting rod shall have a load nut below the yoke and a
locking a nut above the yoke. Vertical inserts installed using
power activated gun will not be accepted. 'C’ type beam clamps
will not be accepted.
iii. Concrete inserts shall be factory made galvanized malleable
iron, poured in place type, screwed or toggle style.
iv. Concrete anchors shall be factory made cadmium plated
malleable iron or alloy steel expansion shield type.
v. Welded steel brackets for supporting loads up to maximum of
390 kg shall be galvanized steel and designed to accept standard
hanger rods and pipe supporting devices.
vi. Riser clamps shall be galvanized steel bands shaped to tightly fit
O; D. of pipe, secured with bolts.
II. Alarm Valves
a. Alarm valves shall be complete with electric alarm gong, all required
auxiliary valves and drains and with pressure switch for wiring into

32
 building electric alarm system.
b. Locate alarm gong on exterior of building above Siamese connection
(two locations) 2500 mm above grade.
c. Alarm valves shall be UL listed, FM approved.
d. Alarm check valves shall be UL listed, FM approved, iron body, bronze
trim, for 1206 kPa working pressure complete with electric pressure
switches, test and alarm bell connections, pressure gauges, low pressure
switch and all other
III. Flow Alarm Switches
a. Flow alarm switch shall be UL listed and FM approved for the size
of pipe in which it is installed as a paddle type water flow indicator.
b. Each flow switch shall be completed with, supervised shut-off valve,
drain valve and test valve and with sight glass.
c. Standard of Acceptance: Grinnell VSR-F (or approved equivalent).

IV. Fire Department Breeching Inlet Connection

a. Breeching Inlet connections shall be by an acceptable manufacturer. The
unit shall be complete with two 65mm threaded connections to suit type
of thread on those used by local fire department and a common
150mm outlet pipe complete with check valve. Connections shall be
completed with threaded caps, chained to body. All parts including valve
body, chain and caps shall be polished and-chrome plated bronze.
b. Breeching Inlets shall be as shown on drawings with wording in
English as specified below, cast into face plate.
c. Breeching Inlet connected to the combined automatic
sprinkler/standpipe system shall bear the wording.
d. “Combined Sprinklers/Standpipe Fire Department Inlet”
e. Fire department inlet breeching connections shall be installed in
accordance with Civil Defense and NFPA requirements and as shown on
drawings. Provide one check valve for each connection.

V. Control Valves
a. All zone control valves shall be UL listed and FM approved. Gate or

33
 butterfly valves with supervisory switches built into the valve
operation.
b. Except where special features are required or unless otherwise noted all
valves shall be of one manufacturer with the manufacturer's name and
the pressure rating clearly marked on the outside of the valve body.

VI. Pressure Gauges

a. All pressure gauges shall be UL or ULC listed spring pressure gauges
with 90mm dial. Each gauge shall be controlled by a valve having
arrangement for draining.
b. Install gauges on the suction and discharge side of all pumps, on
incoming water services and at the highest point of all sprinkler
risers.
VII. Testing
a. The contractor shall pressure tests all fire protection piping included in
the contract. Tests shall be made after all sprinkler heads and water flow
switches are installed, but before piping is painted, covered or
concealed. All labor and equipment required for testing is part of the
contractor’s responsibility.
b. Testing shall be in accordance with the requirements of NFPA.
c. The consultant shall be notified one week in advance of any testing so
that the tests can be witnessed.
Defects that develop during the tests shall be promptly remedied and testing
shall be reapplied to the satisfaction of the Consultant

VIII. Inspector Test Connections and Drains

a. Provide Inspector's test connections, riser drains and low point drains
as required in NFPA 13 and NFPA 14. Drains and test connections
shall be piped to drain risers in locations acceptable to the Engineer.
Provide sprinkler zone valve cabinets, wherever zone control valves are
shown on drawings, to house all valves and accessories.
b. Sprinkler zone cabinets shall be suitable for recess or surface mounting.
c. Sprinkler zone cabinets shall be provided with the following equipment

34
 and accessories:
IX. Sprinklers
a. All Sprinklers shall be in accordance with sprinkler schedule and be UL
listed and FM approved.
b. Sprinkler head in unfinished ceiling areas shall be upright type heads,
Wire mesh guards shall be provided on head in the parking areas.
Sprinklers in ceiling areas shall generally be concealed unless
otherwise noted
c. . Provide normal 80OF heads in parking and unconditioned areas and
68OC heads in all other areas.

3.4. Fire Hose Cabinets

1.1.1 Materials

I. Fire hose cabinets, valves, hose and accessories shall be approved by and shall
be in conformance with the requirements of the Local Defense Authorities.
II. Except as indicated in item (2.1.4) below, all cabinets shall be 12 swag stainless
steel with hair line finish internally. Mirror finished stainless steel doors shall be
provided for cabinets subject to consultants’ approval. Top compliment shall
have permanent die cut lettering label: "Fire Hose", the lower: "Fire Hose and
Extinguishers".
III. Cabinets in parking levels and unconditioned areas shall be similar but suitable
for surface or recess mounting with stainless steel body, doors and architrave.
Cabinets located on the roof shall be suitable for exterior use.
IV. Painted on the door of the fire hose cabinet with minimum 12mm block letters
sha11 be the notice in English and Urdu.
V. IMPORTANT
a. PULL HOSE FROM REEL
b. WATER WILL FLOW AUTOMATICALLY
VI. Cabinet shall contain a chrome plated swing hose reel complete with 30m of
25mm double red braided rubber fire hose to BS 316SA with chrome plated
brass shutoff nozzle clamped ends, automatic valve to open water flow after 2
1/2 turns of the reel and 25mm key operated shut-off valve. All metal parts shall
be polished and chrome plated. Where necessary to limit water pressure to hose

35
 to 450 kPa (65 psi), a suitable pressure-reducing valve shall be provided. The
cabinet shall also contain a 65mm chrome plated, cast brass landing valve
connected to the stand pipe riser as well as 30m hose canvas with hose rack.

Installation

All fire hose cabinets shall be securely mounted at locations shown on

drawings. A steel support frame suitable for outdoor use shall be provided
for free standing cabinets located on the roof. Stand shall be of steel
construction with 2 coats of exterior enamel red in color mounting hardware
and attachment shall be stainless steel.
I. In all hose outlets, UL listed adjustable pressure reducing valves
shall be provided where required to reduce the flowing pressure to
approximately 500 kPa.

II. Provide in each hose cabinet a fire extinguisher as specified in section

22515. The pressure test on the extinguisher shall remain valid for 5
years.
III. At the top of each standpipe risers, provide a pressure gauge, complete
with a valve, in the fire hose cabinet.
IV. Chrome plate nipples shall be provided between valve and hose
connections and chrome plate escutcheons where pipes penetrate
cabinet

3.5. What Is Welding:

Join together (metal parted) by heating the surface to the point of melting with a blowpipe,
electric arc, or other, means and uniting them by pressing, hammering, etc.,

Cause to combine and form a harmonious or effective whole.

3.6. Welding types:

 Shielded metal arc welding (SWAW)
 Gas’s tungsten arc welding (GTAW)
 Gas’s metal arc welding (GMAW)

36
37
3.7. Welding Joints
 FIVE TYPES OF WELDING JOINTS
 Butt joints
 Corner joints
 Lap joints
 Tee joints
 Edge joints

Figure -12 Joints Types

38
 Figure - 13 Welding

Conclusion
The overall environment of the site and with the helping nature of every member of the staff
from the project Manager to the unit manager, the field was there all learning opportunity
for me. This internship provided valuable site exposure. Overall the internship was an
amazing experience for mean indeed proved to be some of the best and most academically
memorable weeks of my life. I would encourage the students to go to for their final year
internship. They would provide professional atmosphere and equips you with professional
skills.

References
[1] Buch international hospital, Multan:
[2] Project Manager: QASIR KHAN SB.
[3] Senior Site Engr: Engr Mian Muhammad Tauseef.
[4] Foreman. Imran sb.

39