TH

8JULYCLASS12 P.
ED
CHAPTER-
5
CHI
LDRENANDWOMANI
NSPORTS

MEANI
NGOFMOTORDEVELOPMENT:
-Itr
efer
stot
hedev
elopment
ofachil
d’sbones,musclesandt heirabil
it
y.Insimpl
ewordsiti
sthe
progr
essivechangeinmov ementt hroughoutone’sl
if
e.Var
iousmotor
devel
opmentessentialf
oreverydayl i
feactiv
iti
essuchassi
tti
ng,wal
king,
runni
ng,cl
imbing,j
umpingetc.

TYPESOFMOTORDEVELOPMENT:
-

1 GROSSMOTORDEVELOPMENT–I tinvol
vest
hedevel
opmentof
lar
gemusclesi
nchi
ld’
sbodyspeci
all
ywhil
ecl
imbi
ng,si
tt
ing
,
walki
ng,
runni
nget
c.

2 FINEMOTORDEVELOPMENT- I
tinvol
vesthe smallmuscl
esofthe
body,especiall
yduri
ngthesmallmov ementoft
hef i
nger
sand
hands.Forexampl ehol
dingofjavel
in,di
scussandpole,cat
chi
nga
cri
cketballetc.

MOTORDEVELOPMENTI
N CHI
LDREN :
- MOTORDEVELOPMENT
INCHILDREN canbestudi
edundert
hefol
lowi
ngt
hreest
ages:
-1)Ear
ly
chi
ldhood(
3to6y ear
s)2)MIDDLECHILDHOOD(7TO10YEARS)3)LATE
CHILDHOOD(11TO12YEARS)
EARLYCHI LDHOOD; Theper iodofearl
ychil
dhoodstartsfrom 3rdyear
t
h
andcont i
nuest i
ll6 y ear.Themot ordevel
opmentduringt hi
sper i
odt akes
placerapidly.
Thisst agei salsoknownasPr eschoolyears.Inthi
sper iod ,
achildbecomes per fectinvari
ousfundamentalmov ement ssuchas
runni
ng,jumping, t
hr owi ng.Chil
drenstr
idel
engthincr
easest heydev elop
amor emat urerunni ngpat ter
n.Theycanhopandgal l
opski ll
full
y.

MIDDLECHI LDHOOD; Theper i

odofmi ddl
echi ldhoodst artsfom 7thy
r ear
th
andandcont inuest il
l10 y ear
s.Childrenbecomeact i
veandagi le.They
havestrongdesi retoengagei nv ar
iousphy sicalmov ement sand
acti
vit
ies.Dur ingthisper i
odmostoft hechildrenachievemat urepatterns
offundament almot orskills.Theirposturebecomebet t
erandbal ance
.Thespeedr elatedski l
lsdev elopataf asterrate.Duringt hi
sper i
odrul es
shouldbef l
exi ble,i
nstruct i
ont i
meshoul dbeshor tandt hereshouldbe
minimum compet it
ions.St ressshouldbegi venonmov ementcor recti
on.

LATECHI LDHOOD; Theperi

odoflat echil
dhoodbeginsfr
om11y earsand
conti
nuesupt o12year
sort hebeginningofpubert
y.Str
engthbeginsto
di
fferbutthedif
fer
encesaresmal l
.Boy sandgir
lsabletocompete
evenly
.Theyarereadytolearnst
rategies

FACTORSAFFECTI
NGMOTORDEVELOPMENT:
-

Therear
evar
iousf
act
orswhi
char
eresponsi
blet
oaf
fectmot
or
devel
opment
.

1)BIOLOGICALFACTOR; Theyarerelat
edtogenes.Thegeneswhichwe
getfr
om ourparent
sareresponsi
bleforvar
ioust
ypesofdevelopment
Thesefact
orsareli
kel
ytoaffectt
herateandabil
it
yofmot or
devel
opment.Thesefact
orsarerel
atedtobodyweight,si
zeandstrengt
h.

2ENVI
RONMENTALFACTOR;
Theyar
ephy
sicalandsoci
alf
act
ors.
Mot
or
developmenttakespl aceatf ast
errateinchil
drenwhoareencouragedto
explorethei
rsurroundings.Theyaregivenmor eoppor
tunit
iest
otakepart
i
nspor tsacti
vit
ies.I
nf actencouragement,l
oveandsecurit
ypushachild
totakeriskstoexploref ear
lessel
y,l
eadstobettermotordevel
opment.

3)NUTRI TION;Nutri
ti
onisalsoliabletoaff
ectthemot ordevelopment.
Indeednut r
iti
ousfoodpromot esgoodmot ordevel
opment. Ifchil
dren
getnutrit
iousfoodtheybecomest r
ongerwhichulti
matelyleadsto
healthyli
fe.Ontheotherhand, i
fchildr
endonotgetpr opernut r
it
ionthey
arefoundbel essenerget
icandduet othi
sthei
rmot ordevelopmentt akes
placeslowly.

4)PHYSI CALACTIVI
TIES;Takingpar
tinphysicalacti
vit
iesenhancest
he
mot ordevel
opmentatafasterrat
e.Motordevelopmentbecomessl owin
thosechildr
enwhodonott akeparti
nphysicalacti
vi
tiesregul
arl
y.

5)OPPORTUNI TIES;Itiswel
lknownf actthatchi
ldr
enwhogetampl e
opport
uni
ti
estodomor ephysi
calacti
vit
iesareli
kelyt
ohav ebett
ermotor
devel
opment.
Ifpr operoppor
tunit
iesarenotgiventochil
drenthemotor
devel
opmentwi l
lbesl owinsuchchil
dren.

6)SENSORYIMPAIRMENT;
Sensoryimpair
mentsuchasv i
sual
i
mpairment,
heari
ngi
mpai
rmentet
c,areli
kel
yaf
fectthemotor
devel
opment
.Theysl
owdowntheprocessofmotordevel
opmentof
chi
ldr
en.

7)POSTURALDEFORMI TI
ES;Post ur
aldefor
mi t
iesinchil
drendefi
nit
ely
affectthei
rmotordevel
opment.Anyposturaldeformit
yl i
kespinal
curvaturedef
ormit
ies,
bowlegs,knockknees,etccreateshindr
ancesin
thepat hofmotordevel
opment

8)OBESI
TY;
Obesi
tyorbei
ngov
erwei
ghthav
enegat
iveef
fectont
he
motordevelopmentofchi
ldren.
Theyarenotent
husi
asti
ctodoanymotor
acti
vi
tyandmayev enfeeluncomfort
ablet
odoit.Mot
ordevel
opmenti
n
suchchil
drentakespl
aceslowly.

EXERCISESGUIDELI
NESAT
DIFFERENTSTAGESOFGROWTHAND
DEVELPOMENT

Exerciseorphy sicalacti
vityhasthepot ent i
alto
i
mpr ovethephy sicalhealt
hoft henat i
on.Exer ci
seis
i
mpor tantforust or emainact i
vet hr
oughoutourl ives
.Thiscont i
nuest hrough pr eschools,school s
,adolescence,adul thoodandol deryear s.Exerci
seis
alsohelpfulinreduci ngtheriskofdepr ession,dementia
etc.I
talsoi mprovessel fperception,mood, sl
eep
quali
tyandsel fest eem etc.

Therear
evar
iousst
agesofgr
owt
hand
devel
opment
1)
INFANCY(
1TO2y
ear
s)

2)
EARLYCHI
LDHOOD(
3to6y
ear
s

3)
LATERCHI
LDHOOD(
8to12y
ear
s)

4)
ADOLESCENCE(
13t
o19y
ear
s)

5)
ADULTHOOD(
Abov
e19y
ear
s)

Ther
ear
efol
lowi
nggui
del
inesr
elat
edt
oexer
cisesi
nvar
iousst
ages

INFANCY ( 1t o2y ears)Duringt hi

sstageofgr owthanddevel
opment
physicalexer cisesshouldbeencour aged.Exer ci
sesshouldbe
promot ed.Infant sshouldbei ndulgedinexerciseslikemovi
ng
arms,legsandr eachingtov ariousobjects.
Infantsshouldbeprov
ided
someobj ects,toysandgamest oencouraget hem tomov e.
Simpl
e
exercisesl i
ket hr
owing,catchingandki ckingabal lmaybemost
suit
abl eexercisedur i
ngt hestageofi nfancy

EARLYCHI
LDHOOD(ALREADYDONE)

LATERCHI
LDHOOD(
ALREADYDONE)
,

4)ADOLESCENCE( 13to19y ears)Duri

ngthestageofadolescence,
moder atet
ov i
gorousintensi t
yexerci
seisrecommendedf oratleast
60
minutesandupt oseveralhour sever
yday.Theyshoul
dreducesedentary
behaviour.Physi
calexercisesuchas
runni
ng,gymnastics,
pushups,jumpingrope,pl
ayi
ng
hockey,
basket
bal
l,
swi
mmi
ng,
tenni
s,andwei
ghtt
rai
ningshoul
dbe
i
ncluded.

5)ADULTHOOD( Abov e19y ears)Adul t

sshouldt r
ytobeacti
ve
always.
Theyshoul ddobr i
skwal ki
ng,bikeridi
ng,
dancingandswimmi ng
withmoder ateintensity.Theyshouldi ndulgeinrunning,
aerobi
c
exerci
ses,
wei ghttraining,pushupsetc.Asamat teroffactadul
tsrequir
e
suchexercisest hathel pyoi ncr
easet heirmuscularandbonestrength.
So
theyshouldperfor mr esistanceexercisesatleasttwoday saweek.

COMMONPOSTURALDEFORMI
TIES:
-
Ther
ear
e5t
ypesofpost
uraldef
ormi
ti
eswhi
char
egi
venbel
ow:
-

SPI NALCURVATUREThi stypeofdef

ormi
tyi
srel
atedtospine.Thi
s
deformit
yiscausedbycar
ryi
ngexcessi
vewei
ghtbeyondonescapacit
y.
Inotherwords,wecansaythatweakmuscl
escausethefor
mat i
onof
spi
nalcurvatur
e.

Ther
earet
hreet
ypesofspi
nalcur
vat
uredef
ormi
ti
eswhi
char
egi
ven
bel
ow:-

1)
KYPHOSI
S 2)LORDOSI
S3)
SCOLI
OSI
S
KYPHOSI
S
I
timpliesanincr
easeofabackwardordecr easeofa
for
war dcur
ve.I
tisal
socall
edroundupperback.
Depressi
onofchestiscommoni nkyphosi
s.
CAUSES1)Mal nut ri
ti
on,il
lness,crowdedar eas,unavail
abili
tyoffreshair
,
i
nsuf fi
cientexer ci
se, shynessamonggi rl
s,habitofdoingwor kleaning
forwar d.PRECAUTI ONS1)Par entsandteacher sshouldt each
appr opriatepostureofsi t
ti
ng, standi
ngandwal ki
ngt ochildrensot hat
theirpost ureremai nbalanced.Pr operandadequat eexercisesnotonly
helpfulinmai ntainingproperpost urebutalsocont r
olsthepr obl
em of
kyphosi s. REMEDI ES1)
Alway spl aceapi l
low undery ourbackwhi lesleeping.
2)Per f
orm dhanur asanar egularl
y .
LORDOSI
S
Itistheinwor dcur vatur eofspineinf acti tisani ncreasedf orward
forwar dcurve.I
tcr eatespr oblemsi nst andi ngandwal king.Thebody
seemst obest i
ff.Lordodi scanbecor rect edi ntheear l
yst age.CAUSES: -
Imbal anceddiet,Impr operEnv ir
onment, Impr operdevelopmentof
muscl es,obesit
yanddi seasesaf f
ectingv ertebraeandspi nalmusclesare
thecausesofl or dosis.Notper f
ormingexer ciseandeat ingexcessiv e
foodar ealsothemaj orcausesofl ordosi s.
PRECAUTI ONS: -Balanceddi etshouldbet aken, obesityshouldbekept
awayspeci all
yinear lyageandexcessi v eint akeoffoodshoul dbe
av oi
ded. REMEDI ES:-Per form situpr egularl
y.Hal asanshoul dbe
per f
ormedr egularly,Toet ouchexer ci
seshoul dbedonef oratleast10
times.

CORRECTI
VEMEASURESOFLORDOSI
S:-
SCOLI
OSI
SPosturaladaptationofthespineinlateraldirection
i
sscol i
osis.Inf actthesear et hesi
dewayscur vesItmaybef oundinC
shapecur veor“ S”shapecur ve.CAUSESDi seasesinthejointpain,
under
developedlegs, i
nfant i
leparalysi
s,r
icket
s,car r
yingheavyloadsonone
shoulder,unhealthycondi t
ionsndwr ongstandi ngpostureItmaybedue
toabormal i
ti
esofmuscl es,nervesorvert
ebrae.PRECAUTI ONSBalanced
dietshouldbet aken, studyi
ngshoul dbeav oidedinsideway sposit
ion.
REMI DIES;Swim byusi ngbr eaststr
oke,hol
dt hehorizont
albarandl et
yourbodyhangf orsomet ime.

CORRECTI
VEMEAURESFORSCOLI
OSI
S:-
ANSWERTHEFOLLOWI
NGQUESTI
ON(80TO100WORDS)

QUES1Whati
sther
oleofphy
sicalact
ivi
ti
esi
nimpr
ovi
ngqual
it
yofl
if
e
amongt
hechi
ldr
en?

ANS Therol
eofphysi
calact
ivi
ti
esi
nimpr
ovi
ngqual
it
yofl
if
eamongt
he
chi
ldr
enare- 1
PHYSICALACTI
VITYIMPROVESMENTALHEALTH

a)
Ment
alwel
lness

b)
Impr
ovesmemor
yandact
ivemi
nd

c)
Impr
ovement
alact
ivi
ti
es

2PHYSI
CALACTI
VITYI
MPROVESSOCI
ALHEALTH

a)
Impr
ovesoci
ali
mageb)Pr
omot
esent
husi
asm andopt
imi
sm

3 PHYSI
CALACTI
VITYI
MPROVESPHYSI
CALHEALTH

a)St
rongeri
mmuni
ty

b)I
mpr
ovet
hehear
tact
ivi
ti
esanddecr
easeshear
tchr
oni
cdi
sease

c)St
rengt
hensbonesandmuscl
es

d)
Mai
ntai
nheal
thywei
ght

e)
Prol
ongedopt
imalheal
th
NOTE:-THEHEADI
NGSOFTHEABOVEQUESTI
ONHASBEEN
GIVEN.DESCRI
BEI
NYOUROWNWORDS.THEWORDLIMIT
SHOULDBEFOLLOWED.

QUS2DESCRI
BETHEMOTORDEVELOPMENTDURI
NGTHECHI
LDHOOD?

QUS3ASSERTI
ONANDREASONBASEDQUESTI
ON

I
nbel
ewst
atement
s,whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
scor
rect
?

Bot
h(A)and(
R)ar
etr
ueand(
Rist
hecor
rectexpl
anat
ionof(
A)

(
b)Bot
h(A)and(
R)at
rue,
but(
R)i
snott
hecor
rectexpl
anat
ionof(
A)

(
A)i
str
ue,
but(
R)i
sfal
se

(
d)(
A)i
sfal
se,
but(
R)t
rue

1.Asser
ti
on(A) :Mot
ordevel
opmentref
erst
othedevel
opmentofgener
al
bodycontr
ol,
finemotorski
ll
sandlar
gemusclemovement

Reason(
R):Mot
ordev
elopmenti
ncl
udesr
unni
ng,
jumpi
ngandt
hrowi
ng

2Asser
ti
on(A)
:Bowl
egsi
sacondi
ti
oni
nwhi
chaper
sonsl
egsappear
bowedout

Reason(
R):Bowl
egscannotbeseeneasi
lyi
nthechi
ldr
enoft
eenage

3Asser
tion(
A):Scol
iosi
sisacondi
ti
oni
nwhi
chper
son'
sspi
nei
sst
rai
ght
f
rom si
deways.
Reason(R)
:Imbal
ancedmuscl
esar
oundv
ert
ebr
aei
sthemaj
orcauseof
Scol
oisi
s

QUS4)Whati
sthedif
fer
encebet
weengr
ossmot
ordev
elopmentand
fi
nemot
ordev
elpoment?

QUS5)Expl
ainspi
nalcur
vat
urei
ndet
ail
.