Ar

gument
ati
veEssay

TugasMat
aKul
iahBahasaI
nggr
isPr
ofesi

Kel
asF

Ol
eh:

Badi
atulAml
ia

2031060244

Pr
odiPsi
kol
ogiI
slam

Fakul
tasUshul
uddi
n

Uni
ver
sit
asI
slam Neger
iRadenI
ntanLampung

2022
Wi
thr
efer
encetopersonal
it
ytheori
es,di
scusswhatisknownabouttheeff
ectsofaper
son’
s
ear
lyi
nter
personalenvi
ronment(EI
E)ontheirdev
elopmentofper
sonal
it
y.

Scienti
fi
cst udi
esonper sonal i
tyhav einrecentdecadespr ovi
dedinsightintoar easpr eviously
consideredinexplicable.Apar ti
cularresearchar eai sthatofEar l
yInt
er personal Env i
ronment
(EIE)anditseffectsonper sonal i
tydev el
opment .EIEcanber efer
redtoasanycont extinwhich
ay oungchildregul arl
yengageswi thothers.Indi vidualscouldincludenotonl ythoseconsi dered
asf amil
y,butother ssuchaspeer sandst affwi thintheschool system ( Costa,Benoi t,&
Ollendi
ck,2010) .Toexpl ai
nt heinfluencewhi chEI Emayhav eonper sonal it
y,t
hi spaperwi l
l
refertopsychody nami ctheories,psychosoci al stagesofdev el
opmentandbehav iouri
sttheories,
andpr ovi
deexampl estoil
lustrat
e.Fur t
her mor e,empi ricalst
udieswillbeusedt odemonst r
ate
thatwhiletheset heoriesaffordsomei nsightint ot heef f
ectsofEIEonper sonalitydev el
opment ,
thereareanumberofi nconsistencieswhi chr equi refurtherexamination.

Onepar ti
cul armodel ofpsy chody nami ct heorysuggest sthatper sonalit
ygr owt hi
sscaffolded
across3dev el
opment alstages: t
heI d,EgoandSuper ego.TheI dr eferstobasi chuman
i
nst i
nct sandi srelatedtosat isfyi
ngf undament alneedsanddesi r
es( Ell
is,Abrams&Abr ams,
2009) .Anexampl eoft hisiswhenanewbor ncr i
estosi gnalhungerordi scomf ort
.TheIdi s
thereforeconnect edto…. .Theseconddev elopment alstage,theEgo, i
swhenachi ldbegins
engagi ngwi ththephy sical world(El l
i
s,Abr ams, &Abr ams, 2009) .Burton, Westen,andKowal ski
(2006)st at e“ t
heegoi sthest ructurethatmustsomehowbal ancedesi r
e, r
ealit
yandmor al
it
y
andi tisr esponsi bleforcogni ti
on, problem sol vi
ngandemot i
ons”( pp.422- 23).Thi
ssuggest s
thatwhent oddlersi nt
eractwi ththeout si dewor l
d,they….Thef inalelement ,theSuperego,
i
nv olvesmuchmor ecompl ext houghtpr ocessesasi t
sr ol
eist odistinguishbet weenri
ghtand
wrong( Brenner ,2002) .Whi l
eal lt
hr eeelement sareimpor tant
, t
heSuper egoi saparti
cularl
y
crucialaspectofEI Eandi tsinfluenceonper sonali
tydev el
opment ,asitrelatestothegrowt hof
corebel iefsandv alues.

Inconcl usion,thetheor iesr el

at edt oper sonalit
ydev elopmenti ncl udePsy chody namicTheor y,
Erikson’sPsy chosoci alSt agesofDev el opmentandt heBehav iour istTheor i
esofPav lovand
Skinner .Thesekeyt heor i
espr ov ideexpl anationsonhowEI Ecani mpactper sonali
tygr owt h
dur i
ngear lychildhood.Accor di ngt oPsy chody nami cTheor y,
theI d, EgoandSuper egocr eate
humanbehav iour,wher east hr oughEr ikson’smodel ,itissuggest edt hatpersonalit
ydev elops
dur i
ngaser i
esofPsy chosoci al Stagesi nwhi chinterpersonalrel ationshipsar ecrucial.Last l
y,
Behav iouri
stTheor iesf ocusonhowEI Econt rolshumanbehav iourt hroughcondi ti
oning, andin
turncont ri
butest oper sonal it
y .Whi l
et heset heoriespr ovi
deinsi ght ,studiesindicatethatt here
areanumberoff actorswhi chhav ey ett obeunder stood.Thesei ncludeX, YandZ.Fur ther
researchi srequi r
edi nthef ieldofPsy chol ogytobet terexplainthesef actorsandhowt heymay
cont r
ibutet oEIEandper sonal i
tyf ormat i
on.
 Ref
erences

Br
enner
,C.(2002).Conf
li
ct,
compr
omi
sef
ormat
ion,
andst
ruct
ural
theor
y.Psy
choanal
yti
c
Quar
ter
ly,
71(3),
397-417.

Bur
ton,L.
,Westen,
D. ,
&Kowalski
,R.M.(
2006)Psy
chol
ogy
:Aust
ral
i
anandNewZeal
andedi
ti
on.
Mil
ton,
Qld:JohnWiley&Sons.

Costa,
N.M. ,Benoi
t,K.E.,
&Ol l
endi
ck,T.H.(
2010).I
nterper
sonalI
ssuesintreat
ingchi
ldrenand
adol
escents:Theor
y,research,assessment,
andtherapeuti
cint
erv
entions.I
nL.M.Horowi t
z&S.
Str
ack(Eds).HandbookofI nterper
sonalPsy
chol
ogy( pp.493–507).Hoboken,NewJer sey:
JohnWiley&Sons, I
nc.

El
li
s,A.
,Abrams,
M.,&Abrams,
L.D.(
2009)
.Per
sonal
i
tyt
heor
ies:
Cri
ti
cal
per
spect
ives.Los
Angel
es:SAGEPubl
i
cati
ons