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Torsional and Bending Stresses in Machine Parts „ 145

Direct tensile stress at section X-X,
W W
σt = = = 0.008 W N/mm 2
A 123
and maximum bending stress at point P,
M . yi 83.2 W × 6.64
σbi = = = 0.115 W N/mm 2
A . e . Ri 123 × 1.56 × 25
We know that the maximum tensile stress σt(max),
140 = σt + σbi = 0.008 W + 0.115 W = 0.123 W
∴ W = 140/0.123 = 1138 N Ans.
Note : We know that distance from the neutral axis to the outer fibre,
yo = Ro – Rn = 50 – 31.64 = 18.36 mm
∴ Maximum bending stress at the outer fibre,
M . yo 83.2 W × 18.36
σbo = = = 0.16 W
A . e . Ro 123 × 1.56 × 50
and maximum stress at the outer fibre,
= σt – σbo = 0.008 W – 0.16 W = – 0.152 W N/mm2
= 0.152 W N/mm2 (compressive)
From above we see that stress at the outer fibre is larger in this case than at the inner fibre, but this stress
at outer fibre is compressive.

5.6 Principal Stresses and Principal Planes

In the previous chapter, we have discussed about the direct tensile and compressive stress as
well as simple shear. Also we have always referred the stress in a plane which is at right angles to the
line of action of the force.
But it has been observed
that at any point in a
strained material, there are
three planes, mutually Field structure
perpendicular to each (magnet)
other which carry direct
stresses only and no shear
stress. It may be noted that
out of these three direct
stresses, one will be Armature con-
maximum and the other taining several
will be minimum. These coils
perpendicular planes The ends of the coils
which have no shear stress are arranged round
are known as principal the shaft
planes and the direct
stresses along these planes
are known as principal
stresses. The planes on Big electric generators undergo high torsional stresses.
which the maximum shear
stress act are known as planes of maximum shear.

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