Bending Stress & Shear Stress

in beams
Bending (looking at radial sections)
Photographs
 Normal Strain

Y measured from the neutral axis

 Compress /Extend from Neutral Axis

Compress Compress

Extend
Extend
 Normal Bending Strain creates
Normal Stress
y
 
y is measured from the neutral axis

 ρ is the radius of the curvature of the beam

  E
The bending moment is all
E
 y
resisted by the sum of all normal


bending stress.
 Maximum Bending Stress, Maximum
farthest from centroid (neutral axis)
E
 MAX  c
 The bending moment is all
 MAX resisted by the normal bending
 y stress over x-sectional area.
c
 MAX  MAX  MAX
M R    (dA) y   y (dA) y   y dA 
2
Ix
c c c
Mc
 MAX 
Ix
Neutral axis is at centroid of
cross sectional area
 To find the maximum bending stress
• Draw shear & bending moment diagrams
• Find maximum moment, M, from bending
moment diagram
• Calculate cross-section properties
– Centroid (neutral axis)
– Calculate Area Moment of Inertia about x-axis, Ix
– Find the farthest distance from neutral axis for
cross section, c
Mc
• Max Bending Normal Stress =  MAX 
Ix
Shear Stress in Bending
Shear Load, V, is distributed on cross
sectional area
Visualizing Shear Stress
Splitting due to Shear Stress
Shear Stress Distribution

Shear Stress is 0 at the

extremes from neutral axis

Shear Stress is largest at

neutral axis
 Shear Stress definitions
y _ max

Q  ty (dy)  ( A' ) y
y1
 Shear Stress at y1 above NA
Shear Stress Max at y=0
V = shear force
I = area moment of inertia (2nd moment of area)
Q = first moment of area (above location y1)
t = thickness
y is measured from NA

VQ

It

y _ max

Q  ty (dy)  ( A' ) y
y1

Q  Area _ above _ y1* its _ centroid

Shear stress is maximum at
Neutral Axis (NA)
 What to remember about shear
stress in bending?
• Shear stress is
– 0 at the points farthest from neutral axis
– maximum at the neutral axis
– It can be shown that :
4V
For a circular cross section :  MAX 
3A
3V
For a rectangula r cross section :  MAX 
2A
End