Chapter 2

Collection of Data
 Chapter 2 . Collection of Data
• Two types of data
1. Primary – are information collected by a
person or organization that will be using the
information. This are first – hand or original
sources.
2. Secondary – are information already
collected by someone else. Are information
take from published or unpublished data
previously gathered.
 Methods in Collection of Data

• Direct or interview method

• Indirect or questionnaire method
• Registration method
• Observation Method
• Experiment Method
 Statistic x
Population Sample
Sample
(Parameter)
μ (mu)
N
n=
Where: 2
n- sample size 1 +N(e)
N- population size
e- margin of error
Given: 25,000
Population = 25,000 n=
margin of error 5% (.05) 1 + 62.5
Solve for the sample size (n)
25,000
25,000 n=
n= 63.5
1 + (25,000) (0.05)2
n= 393.70
25,000 say 394 or 400
n=
1 + (25,000) (0.0025)
 Sampling Techniques
1. Simple Random Sampling (SRS)- most basic
method of probability sample, assigns equal
probabilities of selection to each possible
sample. Equal chance of being selected.
▪ Lottery or fishbowl sampling
▪ Table of Random Numbers
SRS without Replacement- drawn papers are
no longer returned
SRS with Replacement- allows repeats in
selection
 Continuation of Sampling Techniques

2. Systematic Sampling – it is assumed that the members of a

population are arranged in a specific order.

Population Systematic Sample

 Systematic Sampling
• For a population of N element where n units
will be taken. Let K = N / n.
For example: 50- students in a class whose
names are arranged alphabetically , 10
students are to be taken as sample.
K = 50 / 10 = 5. Suppose from the first 5 , the
3rd student is chosen at random. 3rd , 8th , 13th ,
18th … 48
or if every 5th member is selected, samples
consists of 5th , 10th , 15th and so on.
 Types of Systematic sampling
3. Stratified Random
Sampling
a
The universe is divided into
L mutually exclusive
Sub-universe called strata c
b

Population d Stratified Random

Sample

Independent Simple random samples are

Obtained from each stratum
 Stratified Random Sampling
• The sample size should be proportional to the
size of the stratum in the population.
Suppose in the class of 42 students , 18 boys
and 24 girls. If a sample of 14 students be
chosen such the number of boys and girls are
proportionally represented.
Boys = 18 ( 14 ) = 6 boys
42
Girls = 24 (14 ) = 8 girls
42
 Stratified Random Sampling
Obtain a sample of 100 students proportionally
representing each level.

Level Number of Enrollees

Freshmen 500 31.6 31

Sophomores 420 26.5 27
Juniors 360 22.7 23
Seniors 300 18.9 19
1580 100
Total
 Continuation of Sampling Techniques
4. Cluster Sampling

Barangay
Town

Barangay
Town

Barangay
Province
P

Town
Barangay

Town
Barangay

Barangay
4. Cluster Sampling - can be done by
subdividing the population into smaller
units selecting only at random some
primary units where the study would
then be concentrated. Sometimes it is
referred to as “ area sampling “ because
it is frequently applied on a geographical
basis
 Continuation of Sampling Techniques

❖ Non- Random Sampling

▪ Purposive Sampling
▪ Quota Sampling
▪ Convenience Sampling