PEGS-0710-COR-035 - Boiler Water Treatment

PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited
PTTEP Engineering General Specification
PEGS
Boiler Water Treatment
Document No: PEGS-0710-COR-035
Revision No: 0-0
Revision Date: May 2014

Revision History
Rev Description of Revision Authorised by Date

0-0 New Document
May 2014 Rev.0-0 Registry

UNCONTROLLED when printed, visit PTTEP Intranet for latest version
Boiler Water Treatment PEGS-0710-COR-035
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Purpose................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 Scope ...................................................................................................................... 1
3.0 Definitions .............................................................................................................. 2
3.1 Language .............................................................................................................................2
3.2 Terminology .........................................................................................................................2
3.3 Common Acronyms ..............................................................................................................2
4.0 References.............................................................................................................. 3
4.1 PTTEP Internal References ..................................................................................................4
4.2 International Standards ........................................................................................................4
4.3 Industry Codes and Standards .............................................................................................4
5.0 Design Philosophy and Requirements for Boiler Water Treatment .................... 5
5.1 Water treatment....................................................................................................................5
5.2 Chemistry of boiler water ......................................................................................................5
5.3 Steam quality .......................................................................................................................5
5.4 Water chemistry ...................................................................................................................5
5.5 Condensates ........................................................................................................................7
5.6 Analytical control ..................................................................................................................7
5.7 Hot water loop ......................................................................................................................8
6.0 Appendices ............................................................................................................. 9
Appendix 1..........................................................................................................................................9
May 2014 Rev.0-0 TOC

1.0 PURPOSE
The purpose of the PTTEP Engineering General Specification, PEGS-0710-COR-035 Boiler

water treatment is to specify general and fundamental specification for basic of design of the
system; assuring technical integrity and fitness of purpose with optimum life cycle cost.
2.0 SCOPE
This Specification defines minimal requirements relative to boiler water treatment to minimize
the risks of corrosion and fouling, reduce cleaning, and thus increase the efficiency of boilers
and steam-using equipment.
Two types of natural circulation boilers are considered in this document:
• Water-tube boilers
• Fire-tube boilers.
Steam generation water treatment is a sophisticated water chemistry area and requires an
understanding of the fundamentals of boiler water chemistry.
The requirements given in this document apply to boilers operating continuously. This
specification does not cover conditions relative to particular operations such as start-up,
shutdown or fast fluctuation steam production.
This specification doesn’t cover:
• Boilers with copper tubing or other "exotic" materials
• Electric boilers
• Recovery steam generators of specific design.
The particular case of pressurized hot water loop is also considered in this document.
In any cases, Boiler Manufacturer shall be consulted either for approval or advices.
May 2014 Rev.0-0 Page 1 of 15

3.0 DEFINITIONS
A number of different terms are commonly used to describe the work stages, processes, and
approvals which take place during the early stages of a development. This can often be a
source of confusion so the following section is intended to show the PTTEP preferred
terminology as used in this document.
3.1 LANGUAGE
In this document, the words should and shall have the following meanings:
Should Indicates a preferred course of action. Should is a non-mandatory word

and is not forbidden, but use in the body of the text should be the
exception. Where none mandatory terms are used, each paragraph
within these clauses shall also have an associated commentary
paragraph that provides the rationale for why the stated choices and
modifications are appropriate and circumstance under which the stated
choices and modifications might be different.
Shall Indicates a course of action with a mandatory status. The term “shall”
shall be used if a requirement is considered to be necessary to claim
compliance with a PEGS document.
3.2 TERMINOLOGY
Terminology Description
Approval The authorization in writing given by the COMPANY to the Contractor on a

procedure or to proceed with the performance of a specific part of the work
without releasing in any way the Contractor from any of his obligations to
conform with the technical specifications, requisitions, etc. The words “Approve”,
“Approved” and “Approval” shall be construed accordingly.
Cationic Water conductivity measured downstream a strong acid ion exchange resin
conductivity
COMPANY PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited
Contractor Per contract: Contractor – ‘The contractor who is a PARTY to this CONTRACT
and where the context so requires, any and all SUBCONTRACTORS utilised by
CONTRACTOR for the performance of the WORK’.
Demineralised Water with a cationic conductivity < 0.2 µS/cm and silica (SiO2) < 0.02 mg/l
water
Direct Conductivity directly measured in water
conductivity
Makeup water Water which compensates water and steam losses of the circuit
3.3 COMMON ACRONYMS
Set out below in alphabetical order are common acronyms as found within this document:
T.D.S Total dissolved solids

TBA To be Approved

4.0 REFERENCES
The reference documents listed below, including Industry Codes and Standards and
COMPANY specifications, form an integral part of this Engineering General Specification.
Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant
appendices and supplements, is the latest revision published on the effective date of a
contract.
The overall order of precedence of the applicable documents shall be:
1. Applicable Laws, Rules and Regulations of the country in which the system/equipment
will be operated (if any);
2. Purchase Order/ Service Order/ Contract Documents (Only applicable for direct
purchase by COMPANY)
3. Project Particular Specification (PPS)
4. COMPANY General Specifications
5. Codes and Standards in reference
Any conflict between any of the Contract Documents, or between this specification and any
other Contract Document, shall be reported to COMPANY for decision. In such a case, and
unless otherwise agreed or decided by COMPANY, it is understood that the more stringent
requirement shall apply. Exceptions to, or deviations from this specification are not permitted
unless previously accepted in writing by COMPANY. For this purpose, requests for
substitutions or changes of any kind shall be complete with all pertinent information required
for COMPANY assessment. COMPANY’s approval, nevertheless, will not, in any way, relieve
the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to meet the requirements of the industry Codes and
Standards referred to and amended herein, in the event of conflict.

4.1 PTTEP INTERNAL REFERENCES
Internal documents applicable to this document are indicated in the table below.
Document Number Document Title
PEGS-0710-COR-045 Corrosion control on production facilities: Field operations

(TBA)
4.2 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
International standards applicable to this document are indicated in the table below.
ISO 5814 Water quality - Determination of dissolved oxygen -

Electrochemical probe method
NF EN 12952-12 Water-tube Boilers And Auxiliary Installations - Part 12:
Requirements For Boiler Feedwater And Boiler Water Quality
NF EN 12953-10 Requirements for feedwater and boiler water quality.
4.3 INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS
Industry codes, standards and regional legislation applicable to this document are indicated in
the table below.
- -

5.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND REQUIREMENTS FOR BOILER WATER

TREATMENT
5.1 WATER TREATMENT
An appropriate on-site treatment of the water is always needed. This treatment has two
main objectives:
• The prevention of corrosion and fouling of the various elements of the boiler
(economizer, vaporization tubes, superheater)
• The production of vapor of suitable quality following the main criteria below:
o Silica concentration < 0.02 ppm
o pH of condensates > 8.5 and < 9.2.
Whenever possible, a pretreatment of the water external to the circuit must be privileged.
5.2 CHEMISTRY OF BOILER WATER
The philosophies of treatment to be implemented are (see Figure 4 in appendix):
• “Controlled phosphate” treatment for operating pressures < 40 bars
• “Low or very low phosphate” treatment for 40 < operating pressures < 110 bars
• “All volatile” treatment for operating pressures > 110 bars.
5.3 STEAM QUALITY
For any boiler, the quality of the steam to be produced is directly dictated by the users. The
criteria of purity of the vapor reflect the ultimate usage that is made: production of electricity
(turbines), superheated steam, etc.
The quality of the vapor is directly related to the quality of the water and to the design of the
boiler (drum, deheater, etc.).
5.4 WATER CHEMISTRY
5.4.1 DISSOLVED OXYGEN

The recommended concentrations of oxygen in feedwater are given in appendix. In any case,
an oxygen scavenger injection in the deaerated drum is required.
Measurement of dissolved oxygen can be carried out by means of a standardized method

(ISO 5814) or by polarographic analysis.
Particular case of closed circuit hot water heating loops: Hot water loops are generally treated
using an oxygen scavenger (sulfite) only.
5.4.2 IRON, COPPER, HARDNESS AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS

The suspended solids content in the feedwater must be as low as possible and it is important
to take into account the high sensivity of boilers to fouling.

It is thus necessary to limit the concentration in products susceptible to precipitate by an pre-

treatment carried out before the introduction of the fluids in the circuit.
Specific circuit treatments (based on dispersing or chelating agents) can tolerate a higher
concentration of iron, copper and hardness in boilers. In normal conditions, water treatment
does not need dispersing agents. In certain cases however, the addition of dispersing or
chelating agents may be necessary. In that case, a dedicated study shall be carried out and
these specific treatments shall be qualified prior to their use.
Verification of the treatment efficiency may include (when fuel is used as combustible) the
extraction of a sample of tube in the zone with high thermal transfer during inspection of the
equipment to determine the on-surface mass of deposit. When the extraction of tubes is
inappropriate, specific non-destructive methods of inspection can be used.
Recommended cleaning frequencies are generally:
• Once per 10 to 15 years for "low pressure" boilers
• Once per 5 to 10 years for "medium pressure" boilers
• Once per 5 years for "high pressure" boilers.
5.4.3 PH
A pH > 8.5 is recommended for the feedwater to protect preheaters against corrosion. This
value is consistent with the water treatment of boiler. At high pressures, pH adjustment shall
be made by means of alkaline volatile agents only. (Note that to high pH can be detrimental to
steam and condensate piping)
5.4.4 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Organic species can be present in boilers’ water with is extremely variable degrees. They can
result from natural water makeup or from process contamination (return of condensates). It is
thus practically impossible to define a best practice for all situations. The organic species
susceptible to pollute condensates are however easily identified (hydrocarbons, organic salts,
etc.).
Organic compounds could cause severe damages in generators as well as in turbines and
facilitate foaming.
5.4.5 SILICA
The limits for silica contents in boiler waters are given in appendix (Figures 3 and 4).
5.4.6 ALCALINITY
The P- and M- alkalinity are selected as basic control criteria because they correlate well to
the pH, corrosion inhibition, and foaming tendency.
5.4.7 CONDUCTIVITY
The recommended values are presented in appendix (Figures 1 and 2).

5.5 CONDENSATES
The quality of the recycled condensates shall be controlled.
At least three parameters shall be controlled: pH, cationic conductivity and a specific
parameter related to the process (e.g. visual control if risk of pollution by hydrocarbons,
evaluation of the quantity of Cl-, etc.).
5.6 ANALYTICAL CONTROL
The contents and frequencies of water analyses relative to boilers is presented in tables 1 to
3. Water samples shall be taken at representative locations of the circuit.
• Feedwater downstream the admittance valve
• Boiler water drain
• Makeup water upstream and downstream the external water treatment
• Condensate before mixing with treated makeup water
The following parameters shall be controlled:
Table 1 - Content and frequency of feedwater analytical controls
Parameter Feedwater
Pressure (bar) 5 - 20 20 - 40 40 - 100
(1) (1)
pH Continuous Continuous Continuous(1)
Direct conduct. at 25oC Continuous(1) Continuous(1) Continuous(1)
H (Ca + Mg) once/shift once/shift once/shift
HCa once/month once/month once/month
SiO2 once/week once/week Continuous
O2 once/quarter once/quarter once/quarter
(1) Continuous or once/shift
Table 2 - Content and frequency of condensate analytical controls
Parameter Condensate return

Pressure (bar) 5 - 20 20 - 40 40 - 100
(2)
pH once/day Continuous Continuous(2)
Cationic conduct. at 25°C once/day Continuous(2) Continuous(2)
Specific control(1) once/day once/shift once/shift
(1) Specific control connected to the process (visual control, COT,etc.).

Table 3 - Content and frequency of boiler water analytical controls(1)
Parameter Boiler water
Pressure (bar) 5 - 20 20 - 40 40 - 100

(2)
pH once/shift Continuous Continuous(2)
Conduct. at 25°C TA/TAC once/shift Continuous(2) Continuous(2)
SiO2 once/shift once/day once/shift
PO4(3) once/day once/day Continuous(2)
Réducteur d’O2 once/day once/shift once/shift
Fe once/week once/day once/day
Cu once/month once/week once/week
TA once/month once/week once/week
OH 2TA - TAC 2TA - TAC 2TA - TAC
(1) For P > 100 bars, analytical control program to be defined specifically
(3) If phosphate based treatment
5.7 HOT WATER LOOP
A typical water treatment for closed pressurized hot water loops (< 20 bars) is presented in
appendix (Table 5). In order to be efficient, the loop shall be closed (monthly makeup water <
5% the total volume).

6.0 APPENDICES
Appendix 1.
Table 4 - Feedwater and boiler water quality for natural circulation steam
5-20 bars 20-40 bars 50-60 bars 60-100 bars

Feedwater Soft Soft/Demin. Demineralized Demin. + fin.
(2)
O2 dissolved (mg/l) < 0.04 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02
Fe total (mg/l) < 0.2 < 0.2 < 0.05 < 0.02
Cu total (mg/l) < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.02 < 0.01
TH (°f) < 0.5 < 0.2 < 0.05 ND
pH 8.5 - 10.0 8.5 - 10.0 8.5 - 10.0 8.8 - 9.5
COT (mg/l) <5 <3 < 0.5 < 0.2
Boiler water 10.5 to 12 10.5 to 12 10 to 11 9.5 to 10.5
pH < 100 < 60 < 15 <5
TA (°f) TA = 0.7 TA = 0.7/0.5 TA = 0.5 TA = 0.5
TAC (°f) TAC see Figure 3 TAC see Figure 3 TAC see Figure 3 TAC see Figure 4
SiO2 (mg/l) < 100 < 50 < 20 <5
NaOH free (mg/l) 30 to 100 20 to 80 10 to 60 5 to 20
3-
PO4 (mg/l) See See See See Figure 2
TDS Figures 1 & 2 Figures 1 & 2 Figures 1 & 2
(1) For high heat flux (> 230 kW/m2), values of the upper pressure zone shall be used.
(2) After primary deaeration and before O2 scavenger injection

Direct conductivity (µS/cm)
Pressure
(MPa)
Figure 1 - Direct conductivity limit in boiler water; direct conductivity of feed
water of feed > 30 μS/cm
Direct conductivity (µS/cm)
Pressure
(MPa)
Figure 2 - Direct conductivity limit in the boiler water; direct conductivity of feed
water of feed ≤ 30 μS/cm

Max SI O2 (mg/l)
Pressure
(MPa)
Figure 3 - Maximal (SiO2) concentration in boiler water (between 0.05 and 6 MPa)
Max SI O2 (mg/l)
Operating pressure
(MPa)
Figure 4 - Maximal (SiO2) concentration in boiler water (between 6 and 18 MPa)

Table 5 - Hot water treatment for pressurized closed loops
Feedwater: Hardness < 10 mg/l (as CaCO3) [Cl-] < 25 ppm
TDS < 250 mg/l
Operating conditions: T < 150°C
Closed loop
Blanketing gas: Nitrogen (O2 < 2%)
Typical Target
conditioning Role Injection mode Typical dosage Periodicity monitoring Comments
product values
Phosphate pH control Initial + top up Calculated to reach an in Batch pH > 9.5 No

in case of pH situ pH > 9.5 copper
decrease alloys
2-
Sulfite O2 Initial + top up Calculated to reach an in Batch [SO3 ] >10
scavenger in case of situ excess sulfite mg/l
2-
[SO3 ] concentration> 10 mg/l
decrease

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PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited

PTTEP Engineering General Specification

Boiler Water Treatment

Document No: PEGS-0710-COR-035

Revision No: 0-0

Revision Date: May 2014

Rev Description of Revision Authorised by Date

May 2014 Rev.0-0 Registry

May 2014 Rev.0-0 TOC

The purpose of the PTTEP Engineering General Specification, PEGS-0710-COR-035 Boiler

Two types of natural circulation boilers are considered in this document:

This specification doesn’t cover:

• Boilers with copper tubing or other "exotic" materials

• Recovery steam generators of specific design.

May 2014 Rev.0-0 Page 1 of 15

Should Indicates a preferred course of action. Should is a non-mandatory word

Approval The authorization in writing given by the COMPANY to the Contractor on a

3.3 COMMON ACRONYMS

T.D.S Total dissolved solids

May 2014 Rev.0-0 Page 2 of 15

The overall order of precedence of the applicable documents shall be:

3. Project Particular Specification (PPS)

4. COMPANY General Specifications

5. Codes and Standards in reference

May 2014 Rev.0-0 Page 3 of 15

4.1 PTTEP INTERNAL REFERENCES

Document Number Document Title

PEGS-0710-COR-045 Corrosion control on production facilities: Field operations

4.2 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Document Number Document Title

ISO 5814 Water quality - Determination of dissolved oxygen -

4.3 INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS

Document Number Document Title

May 2014 Rev.0-0 Page 4 of 15

5.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND REQUIREMENTS FOR BOILER WATER

5.1 WATER TREATMENT

o Silica concentration < 0.02 ppm

o pH of condensates > 8.5 and < 9.2.

5.2 CHEMISTRY OF BOILER WATER

The philosophies of treatment to be implemented are (see Figure 4 in appendix):

• “Controlled phosphate” treatment for operating pressures < 40 bars

• “All volatile” treatment for operating pressures > 110 bars.

5.3 STEAM QUALITY

5.4 WATER CHEMISTRY

5.4.1 DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Measurement of dissolved oxygen can be carried out by means of a standardized method

5.4.2 IRON, COPPER, HARDNESS AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS

May 2014 Rev.0-0 Page 5 of 15

It is thus necessary to limit the concentration in products susceptible to precipitate by an pre-

Recommended cleaning frequencies are generally:

• Once per 10 to 15 years for "low pressure" boilers

• Once per 5 to 10 years for "medium pressure" boilers

• Once per 5 years for "high pressure" boilers.

5.4.4 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

May 2014 Rev.0-0 Page 6 of 15

The quality of the recycled condensates shall be controlled.

5.6 ANALYTICAL CONTROL

• Feedwater downstream the admittance valve

• Boiler water drain

• Makeup water upstream and downstream the external water treatment

• Condensate before mixing with treated makeup water

The following parameters shall be controlled:

Table 1 - Content and frequency of feedwater analytical controls