Pre-Calculus
General Form: Ax²+Bzy+Cy²+Dx+Ey+F=0
UNIT 1 The Conic Sections
 A Conic section is defined as a set of
curves formed from dividing or cutting a
right circular cone of two nappes with
a plane
 The basic parts of a right circular cone
such are the nappe, vertex, generator,
surface base and axis.
 The cones are also called as nappes and
underlying the cones are different lines
called generators; these lines meet in a
single point which is called vertex. It is
also the point where the two nappes
intersect.
Identifying Conic Sections
Using its Quadratic Terms
Parabola -Either X² or Y² is Present
Circle -X² and Y² are both Present
-A=C
Ellipse -X² and Y² are both present
-A≠C
-A and C have same sign
Hyperbol -X² and Y² are both present
a -A≠C
-A and C have opposite sign
Using Conic Discriminant
Conic Discriminants Conic Sections
B²-4AC=0 Parabola
B²-4AC>0 Hyperbola
B²-4AC<0 If A=C, Circle
If A≠C, Ellipse
Quadratic Term: Ax² and Cy²
Circle
 Set of all points that are equidistant
from a point called center.
 Fixed
 General Form: Ax²+Bzy+Cy²+Dx+Ey+F=0
 The Standard form of an equation of a
circle with radius r and center (h,k)
 (x-h) ²+(y-k)²=r²
 The Standard form of an equation of a
circle of radius r with center at the
origin (0.0)
 x²+y²=r²
 Distance Formula(pag binigay lang ay
yung passing point ng circle, hindi given
ang radius)
 Example: passing point (-3, 4)
 (x₁,y₁)(x₂,y₂) , (-3,4) (0,0)
 r = √(0-(-3))²+(0-4)²
 r = √9+16
 r = √25
 r=5
 Midpoint Formula
(pag walang binigay na center tas
endpoints of diameter lang meron)
 (x₁,y₁)(x₂,y₂)
 Pag nakuha na ang center,
isusunod naman ang distance
formula
Transforming General form to Standard form
of circle
 Pag may parenthesis, standard form
iyon
  Pag kukunin ang center, babaliktarin  H=x
ang sign  K=y
 General form (completing the square)
 Group the like terms The standard form of ellipse- center (0,0)
 Divide the second term by 2
and raise the answer to 2
 Add the third terms to the
other side

How to graph Parabola

 It is defined as a curve that has points
which are equidistant from the fix point
and the given line. The shape of the
parabola is similar to elongated semi-
circle.

 A>B
Equation of Parabola x²=4ay V(0,0)  Dapat equal sa 1
x²= 4ay (upward)  c²=a²+b²
x²= -4ay (Downward)  1st decimal point only
y²= 4ax (Right)  C = foci
y²= -4ax (Left)  Center
 Vertices
Equations of Parabola V(h,k)  Co-vertices
(x-h)²= 4a (y-k) (upward)  Foci
(x-h)²= -4a (y-k) (Downward)  Major axis
(y-k)²= 4a (x-h) (Right)  Minor axis
(y-k)²= -4a (x-h) (Left)  Directrices
 Latera recta
 A= focus
 2a= end points of latus rectum
 4a= length of latus rectum
 Pag (h,k) babaliktarin ang sign
 Pag nakahiga ay y
 Pag nakatayo ay x
 also the point where the two nappes
intersect.

Identifying Conic Sections

Graphing Hyperbola Center at the Origin (0,0)
Using its Quadratic Terms
Parabola -Either X² or Y² is Present
Circle -X² and Y² are both Present
-A=C
Ellipse -X² and Y² are both present
-A≠C
-A and C have same sign
Hyperbol -X² and Y² are both present
a -A≠C
-A and C have opposite sign

Using Conic Discriminant

Conic Discriminants Conic Sections
B²-4AC=0 Parabola
B²-4AC>0 Hyperbola
B²-4AC<0 If A=C, Circle
If A≠C, Ellipse

 Kung sino nasa unahan siya yung a² General Form: Ax²+Bzy+Cy²+Dx+Ey+F=0

 Mula sa focus yung half of lr

Pre-Calculus
UNIT 1 The Conic Sections
 A Conic section is defined as a set of
curves formed from dividing or cutting a
right circular cone of two nappes with
a plane
 The basic parts of a right circular cone
such are the nappe, vertex, generator,
surface base and axis.
 The cones are also called as nappes and
underlying the cones are different lines
called generators; these lines meet in a
single point which is called vertex. It is
Quadratic Term: Ax² and Cy²
Circle
 Set of all points that are equidistant
from a point called center.
 Fixed
 General Form: Ax²+Bzy+Cy²+Dx+Ey+F=0
 The Standard form of an equation of a
circle with radius r and center (h,k)
 (x-h) ²+(y-k)²=r²
 The Standard form of an equation of a
circle of radius r with center at the
origin (0.0)
 x²+y²=r²
 Distance Formula(pag binigay lang ay
yung passing point ng circle, hindi given
ang radius)

 Example: passing point (-3, 4)

 (x₁,y₁)(x₂,y₂) , (-3,4) (0,0)
 r = √(0-(-3))²+(0-4)²
 r = √9+16
 r = √25
  r=5

  Midpoint Formula(pag walang

binigay na center tas endpoints of
diameter lang meron)
 (x₁,y₁)(x₂,y₂)
 Pag nakuha na ang center,
isusunod naman ang distance
formula

Transforming General form to Standard form

of circle
 Pag may parenthesis, standard form
iyon
 Pag kukunin ang center, babaliktarin
ang sign
 General form (completing the square)
 Group the like terms
 Divide the second term by 2
and raise the answer to 2
 Add the third terms to the
other side
How to graph Parabola
 It is defined as a curve that has points
which are equidistant from the fix point
and the given line. The shape of the
parabola is similar to elongated semi-
circle.
Equation of Parabola x²=4ay V(0,0)
x²= 4ay (upward)
x²= -4ay (Downward)
y²= 4ax (Right)
y²= -4ax (Left)
Equations of Parabola V(h,k)
(x-h)²= 4a (y-k) (upward)
(x-h)²= -4a (y-k) (Downward)
(y-k)²= 4a (x-h) (Right)
(y-k)²= -4a (x-h) (Left)
 A= focus
 2a= end points of latus rectum
 4a= length of latus rectum
 Pag (h,k) babaliktarin ang sign
 Pag nakahiga ay y
 Pag nakatayo ay x
 H=x
 K=y

The standard form of ellipse- center (0,0)

  Kung sino nasa unahan siya yung a²
 Mula sa focus yung half of lr


 A>B
 Dapat equal sa 1
 c²=a²+b²
 1st decimal point only
 C = foci
 Center
 Vertices
 Co-vertices
 Foci
 Major axis
 Minor axis
 Directrices
 Latera recta

Graphing Hyperbola Center at the Origin (0,0)