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LTS 1-Module 2

Literacy Training Service 1 (Palawan State University)

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National Service
Training Program
Literacy Training Service 1

Part II
UNIT SELF-AWARENESS AND
VALUES DEVELOPMENT

Prepared by:

JAPHETH C. AURELLO
Instructor

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Doc. Ref. No.: NSTP 1 - LTS 1

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY Effectivity Date: Sep. 1, 2020
North External Campuses Revision No.: 001
Coron Campus Total Page No.: 20
Instructor: Japheth C. Aurello
Student Name: Program BSEd- English Block: None
:

Self-Awareness and Values

Development

Student Signature: Date Returned:

Vision Mission
An Internationally recognized university that provides relevant and Palawan State University is committed to upgrade people’s quality of life by
innovative education and research for lifelong learning and sustainable providing education opportunities through excellent instruction, research and
development innovation, extension, production services, and transnational collaboration

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Part

2 Unit 1: Self-Awareness and Values Development

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this module, learners would be able to:

1. Describe the different aspects of self to fully understand individual’s human behavior.
2. Evaluate one’s self using self-awareness theory.
3. Express commitment to uphold the Filipino core values in supporting NSTP activities and in
performing their roles as individuals.

Let’s Explore:

Create a two-three-minute television commercial or a video presentation. The topic is about

why someone should hire you. The commercial should depict your special qualities in relation to your
chosen career (e.g. tour guide, flight attendant, etc.).

Self-Awareness

What is the Self?

What does it actually mean to talk about the self? what the self is composed of? Is it physical,
social or spiritual or is it all of these? These questions have long occupied philosophers and
psychologists.
It can be seen that the notion of the self is very complex. It is not a thing as such but an abstraction –
a way of talking – a shorthand for the part of us that deals with thinking, feeling, valuing and so forth.
One common way of dealing with the self is to consider its aspects. Whilst it should be remembered
that the self is more than the sum of its parts it is easier to discuss its sections rather than to discuss
it as a whole. Burnard (1992) provides the following aspects:

 Physical self  Social self

 Spiritual self  Private self
 Darker self

Self and its Aspects

 The Physical Self – This is the felt sense of the self and includes our physical body. It covers
our perceptions of our body; the images we have our body – how fat, thin, muscular and so
forth.

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 The Spiritual Self – This is the aspect involved in the investment of meaning into what we do
as humans. This meaning may be framed in religious terms or it may be found in philosophy,
psychology, politics and so forth. The meaning systems that people may vary.
 The Darker Self – The notions of self-actualization (that were made popular by the works of
Maslow, 1972) suggest a growing into the full potential of ourselves. A part of understanding
and growing into the full potential of the self, however, in the darker side are those aspects to
ourselves that are not generally allowed full consciousness.
 The Social Self – This is the part that is openly shared with others in various social situations
such as work, home, with friends and so forth.
 The Private Self – This is an aspect that we are aware of but do not show to others.

Four Aspects of Self: The Quadrinity

To help understand the great complexity of the self, its development and the problems resulting
from the adoption of Negative Love, we use three distinct combinations of aspects of the self: the
Duality, the Trinity, and the Quadrinity.
The Duality consists of the two negatively programmed mental aspects of self: the emotional self and
the intellectual self are combined as one entity, yet they can also be visualized separately.
It refers to the three aspects of our minds as the Trinity: the emotional self, the intellectual self, and
the spiritual self. They can be visualized as one entity although each aspect can be visualized
separately.
The Quadrinity is a framework, a model for understanding ourselves and our behavior that
includes all four aspects of self: body, emotions, intellect and spiritual self. The Quadrinity is our
whole, integrated, balanced self, embodying all four aspects. These four aspects are interrelated and
form a complex interactive system.

Physical Self

The body is a biological system. The body, including the brain is the physical dwelling place for
the three other aspects of the self. Through the body, we act out and manifest the feelings of the
emotional self, the thoughts of the intellect, and the presence of the spiritual self. The following are
the characteristics of the PHYSICAL SELF:

 Composed of the elements of the physical universe and subject to its physical laws and
conditions
 Carrier of genetic information
 Interconnected with the mind through neurological and biochemical feedback
 Functions in the domains of sensing, action, and communication
 Behaviorally expresses thoughts and feelings
 Manifests physical symptoms of unresolved conflict between intellect and emotions
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Emotional Self

The EMOTIONAL SELF expresses the full range of feelings and emotions through the physical
body. It is where Negative Love patterns first show up developmentally and, along with the Intellect
and Physical Body, where these patterns exist. The NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL SELF is defined as
“childish”. It has no sense of time or space. It regresses readily.

+ (positive characteristics) - (negative patterns)

Relational Defensive
Curious Rebellious
Playful Withdrawn/Stubborn
Joyful Shame/guilt
Sense of Humor Anger/anxiety
Spontaneous Rigid
Adventurous Fearful/cautious
Appreciative to self/others Unlovable/unworthy
Feels grief/sadness Depressed

Intellectual Self

The INTELLECTUAL SELF is our logical and problem solving thought-processor. It includes
what and how we think, our world-views, values, and beliefs. Along with the Emotional Self and
Physical Body, the Intellectual Self is where negative love patterns exist. Shoulds, shouldn’ts, do’s,
dont’s, can’ts exist in the Intellect and can be either positive or negative. They are negative when they
are compulsive. The following are some qualities of the Intellectual Self:

+ (positive) - (negative)
Rational Critical
Understanding Rationalizes
Knowledgeable Judgmental
Creative Defensive
Logical/Synthesizes Argumentative/deceptive
Analyzes Justifies
Evaluates Admonishes

Spiritual Self

The SPIRITUAL SELF is the pure non-programmed, non-mediated aspect of self that is
positive, pure, open presence, yearning to embody our larger, true nature in this world. Our
SPIRITUAL SELF is resonating in harmony with the Universe.

 Wise, ever unfolding and growing, moving towards wholeness

 Intuitive, responsive and unconditioned, connected
 Intentional, courageous
 Creative
 All-loving, compassionate, and forgiving
 Peaceful, grounded and centered
 Aspires to goodness, truth and justice
 Mediator, Integrator
 Integrity, completely ethical (knows right from what wrong)
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 Source of strength

The Self-Concept in Psychology

The self-concept is how we think about and evaluate ourselves. To be aware of oneself is to
have a concept of oneself. The term self-concept is a general term used to refer how someone thinks
about or perceives himself. It is an important term for both social psychology and humanism.

Lewis (1990) suggests that development of a concept of self has two aspects: the Existential Self
and the Categorical Self.

(1) The Existential Self

This is the most basic part of the self-scheme or self-concept – “the sense of being separate and
distinct from others and the awareness of the constancy of the self” (Bee 1992).
The child realizes that he exists as a separate entity from others and that he continues to exist
over time and space. According to Lewis, awareness of the existential self begins in as a young as
two to three months old and arises in part due to the relation the child has with the world. For
example, then child smiles and the someone smiles back, or the child touches a mobile and sees
it move.

(2) The Categorical Self

Having realized the he or she exists as a separate experiencing being, the child next becomes
aware that he or she is also an object in the world. Just as other objects including people have
properties that can be experienced (big, small, red, smooth and so on) so the child is becoming
aware of him or herself as an object which can be experienced and has properties. The self too
can be put into categories such as age, gender, size, or skill. Two of the first categories to be
applied as age (“I am 3”) and gender (“I am a boy.”)
In early childhood, the categories children apply to themselves are very concrete (e.g. hair color,
height, and favorite things). Later, self-description also begins to include reference to internal
psychological traits, comparative evaluations and how to others see them.
Carl Rogers (1959) believed that self-concept has three different components:
 The view you have yourself (Self-Image)
 How much value you place on yourself (Self-esteem or self-worth)
 What you wish you were really like (Ideal Self)

Self-Image (What you see in yourself)

This does not necessarily have to reflect reality. Indeed, a person with anorexia who is thin
may have a self-image in which the person believes she is fat. A person’s self-image is affected is
affected by many factors, such as parental influences, friends, the media etc.
Kuhn (1960) investigated self-image by using the Twenty Statements Test.
He asked people to answer the question “Who Am I?” in 20 different ways. He found that the
responses must be divided into two major groups. These were social roles (external or affective
aspects of oneself such as son, teacher, friend) and personality traits (internal or affective aspects of
oneself such as gregarious, impatient, humorous).
The list of answers to the question “Who Am I?” probably includes examples of each of the following
four types of responses:

(1) Physical Description: I’m tall, have blue eyes…etc.

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(2) Social roles: We are social beings whose behavior is shaped to some extent by the roles we play.
Such roles as students, or member of the football team not only help others to recognize us but
also help us to know what is expected of us in various situations.
(3) Personal Traits: These are a third dimension of our self-descriptions. “I’m a child of the universe”
to “I’m a human being” to “I’m a spiritual being …etc.
(4) Existential Statements (abstract ones): These can range from “I’m a child of the universe” to “I’m a
spiritual being” …etc.

Typically, young people describe themselves more in terms of such personal traits, whereas
older people feel defined to a greater extent by their social roles.

Self-Esteem and Self-Worth (The extent to which you value yourself)

Self-esteem refers to the extent to which we like, accept or approve of ourselves or how much
we value ourselves. Self-esteem always involves a degree of evaluation and we may have either a
positive or a negative view of ourselves.

HIGH SELF-ESTEEM i.e. we have a positive view of ourselves. This tends to lead to:
 Confidence in our own abilities
 Self-acceptance
 Not worrying about what others think
 Optimism

LOW SELF-ESTEEM i.e. we have a negative view of ourselves. This tends to lead to:
 Lack of confidence
 Want to be/look like someone else
 Always worrying what others might think
 Pessimism

Argyle believes that following are four major factors that influence self-esteem:
1. THE REACTION OF OTHERS. If people admire us, flatter us, seek out our company, listen
attentively and agree with us, we tend to develop a positive self-image. If they avoid us,
neglect us, tell us things about ourselves that we don’t want to hear, we develop a negative
self-image.
2. COMPARISON WITH OTHERS. If the people we compare ourselves with (our reference
group) appear to be more successful, happier, richer, better looking than ourselves, we tend to
develop a negative self-image BUT if they are less successful than us, our image will be
positive.
3. SOCIAL ROLES. Some social roles carry prestige e.g. doctor, airline pilot, TV presenter,
premiership footballer, promotes self-esteem. Other roles carry stigma e.g. prisoner, mental
hospital patient, refuse collector or unemployed person.
4. IDENTIFICATION. Roles aren’t just “out there”. They also become part of our personality i.e.
we identify with the positions we occupy, the roles we play and the groups we belong to.

Ideal Self (What you’d like to be)

If there is a mismatch between how you see yourself (e.g. your self-image) and what you’d like
to be (e.g. your ideal self), then this is likely to affect how much you value yourself. Therefore, there is
an intimate relationship between self-image, ego-ideal and self-esteem. Humanistic psychologists
study this using the Q-Sort Method.

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A person’s ideal self may not be consistent with what actually happens in life and experiences
of the person. Hence, a difference may exist between a person’s ideal self and actual experience.
This is called incongruence.
When a person’s ideal self and actual experience are consistent or very similar, a state of congruence
exist; all people experience a certain amount of incongruence. The development of congruence is
dependent on unconditional positive regard. Rogers believed that for a person to achieve self-
actualization, he must be in a state of congruence.
According to Michael Argyle (2008), there are four major factors which influence its development.
These are the following:
 The ways in which others (particularly significant others) react to us
 How we think we compare to others
 Our social roles
 The extent to which we identify with other people

Self-Awareness

Self-awareness is having a clear perception of our personality including strengths,

weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs, motivation, and emotions. Self-awareness allows you to understand
other people, how they perceive you, your attitude and your responses to them in the moment.
We might quickly assume that we are self-aware, but it is helpful to have a relative scale for
awareness. If you have ever been in an auto accident, you may have experienced everything
happening in sl0ow motion and noticing details of your thought process and the event. This is a state
of heightened awareness. With practice, we can learn to engage these types of heightened states
and see new opportunities for interpretation in our thoughts, emotions, and conversations.

Self-Awareness Theory

Self-Awareness Theory states that when we focus our attention to ourselves, we evaluate and
compare our current behavior to our internal standards and values. We become self-conscious as
objective evaluators of ourselves. However, self-awareness is not to be confused with self-
consciousness.
Various emotional states are intensified by self-awareness. However, some people may seek to
increase their self-awareness through these outlets. People are more likely to align their behavior with
their standards when made self-aware. People will be negatively affected if they don’t live up to their
personal standards. Various environmental cues and situations induce awareness of the self, such as
a mirrors, audience, or being videotaped or recorded. these cues also increase accuracy of personal
memory.

Why develop Self-awareness?

As you develop self-awareness, you are able to make changes in the thoughts and
interpretations you make in your mind. Changing the interpretations in your mind allows you to
change your emotions. Self-awareness is one of the attributes of emotional intelligence and an
important factor in achieving success.
Self-awareness is the first step in creating what you want and mastering your abilities. When you
focus your attention, your emotions, reactions, personality and behavior determine where you go in
life.
Having self-awareness allows you to see where your thoughts and emotions are taking you. It also
allows you to see the controls of your emotions, behavior, and personality so you can make the
changes you want. Until you are aware in the moment of the controls to your thoughts, emotions,
words, and behavior, you will have difficulty making changes in the direction of your life.
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Self-Awareness in Relationships

Relationships are easy until there is emotional turmoil. This is the same whether you are at
work or in your personal life. When you can change the interpretation in your mind, can change your
emotions and shift the emotional quality of your relationships. When you can change the emotions in
your relationships you open up entirely new possibilities in your life.
Having a clear understanding of your thought and behavior patterns helps you understand other
people. This ability to empathize facilitates better personal and professional relationships.

Develop Self-awareness

Self-awareness is developed through practice by focusing your attention on the details of your
personality and behavior. It isn’t learned from reading a book. When you read a book, you are
focusing your attention on the conceptual ideas in the book. With your attention on a book, you are
practicing but not paying attention to your own behavior, emotions and personality.
Think of learning to be mindful and self-awareness as learning to dance. When learning to dance, we
have to pay attention to how and where our feet move, our hands and body motion, what our partner
is doing, music, beat, floor space, and other dancers. Self-awareness isn’t learned from books and
the Tango isn’t either.

How Self-Awareness Makes You More Effective?

Self-awareness helps managers identify gaps in their management skills which promotes skill
development. But self-awareness also helps managers find situations in which they will be most
effective, assists with intuitive decision-making, and aids stress management and motivation of
oneself and others.

 Skill development. Improvement projects should normally begin with an assessment of the
gap between the current situation and the desired future situation.
 Knowing your strength and weaknesses. Self-awareness helps you exploit your strengths
and cope with your weaknesses. If you are someone who is good at decisions, but not as good
at focusing on the details, you might want to consult colleagues and subordinates that are
more detail-oriented when making major decisions.
 Developing intuitive decision-making skills. Leaders with well-developed emotional self-
awareness are more effective intuitive decision-makers. People who are highly emotionally
self-aware are better able to read their “gut feelings” and use it to guide decisions.
 Stress. Jobs that doesn’t suit your personality tend to give you more stress than jobs that are
more compatible. Be aware that you need to work extra hard to develop the skills for that job,
and there are jobs that would be less stressful for you.
 Motivation. It’s very difficult to cope with poor results when you don’t understand what causes
them. Self-awareness is empowering because it can reveal where the performance problems
are and indicate what can be done to improve performance.
 Leadership. When we understand “what makes us tick” – what gets you excited, why we
behave the way we do, etc. – we also have insight into what makes others tick. Knowing how
to motivate yourself is tantamount to knowing how to motivate others.

Key Areas for Self-Awareness

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Human beings are complex and diverse. To become more self-aware, we should develop an
understanding of ourselves in many areas. Key areas for self-awareness include our personality
traits, personal values, habits, emotions, and the psychological needs that drive our behaviors.
 Personality. We don’t normally change our personalities, values and needs based on the what
we learn about ourselves but an understanding of our personalities can help us find situations
in which we will thrive, and help us avoid situations in which we will experience too much
stress.
 Values. It’s important that we know each other and focus on our personal values. When we
focus on our values, we are more likely to accomplish what we consider most important.
 Habits. Our habits are the behaviors that we repeat routinely and often automatically. Although
we would like possess the habits that help us interact effectively with and manage others, we
can probably all identify at least one of our habits that decrease our effectiveness.
 Emotions. Emotional self-awareness has become a hot topic for topic for discussion recently
because it’s one of the five facets of emotional intelligence. Understanding your own feelings,
what causes them, and how they impact your thoughts and actions is emotional self-
awareness.
 Needs. Maslow and other scholars have identified a variety of psychological needs that drive
our behaviors such as needs for esteem, affection, belongingness, achievement, self-
actualization, power and control. One of the advantages of knowing which needs exert the
strongest influence on our own behaviors is the ability to understand how they affect our
interpersonal relationships.

How Do We Develop Self-Awareness?

Basically, developing self-awareness is about being engaged in what is going on around us,
being conscious of our feelings, and understanding the impact of those emotions on our ability to
perform. Tips on becoming more self-aware include:
1. Be in touch with your own feelings. Find time to be alone, know yourself and write down your
thoughts.
2. Practice reflective thinking. Journaling is an excellent way of doing this in a way that promotes
reflection. Jot down key events, interactions that failed to meet expectations and cues (verbal,
visual, physical) that suggest that your intentions were not achieved. Review these notes and
seek clarification.
3. Do not deny your feelings. Recognize that feelings are not sins. When needed, share your
feelings with others. However, sharing with others does not mean total honesty in sharing all
your thoughts and feelings on any subject or person, e.g., know the maturity of your potential
confidant. Can he or she handle what you will be sharing? Exercise caution in revealing
feelings or facts that may hurt others.
4. Do not allow your feelings to dictate your behavior. Set your own criteria on what you should
and should not do. It is important to establish principles beforehand as to what to do when
caught in such situations because emotions may dominate your being and rational thoughts go
out the window.
5. It has been said that one will never see a clearer reflection of themselves than they see in the
eye of a friend. Seek feedback from those that you are close to and trust. Encourage them to
be open and candid.
6. When possible, make use of different assessments that are available in the marketplace. Many
of these can be obtained at little cost. Take advantage of 360 degree assessments conducted
at your workplace.
7. Get the most out of performance reviews. Seek specific information that is relevant to building
greater self-awareness.

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Human Behaviors Essential for Obtaining Self-Success

1. An Independent Nature
If we rely too much on those around us for assistance and/or support, we will be setting
ourselves up for disappointment in the future. This is not to say that we shouldn’t look to others
for help when the time is right, but crafting our pursuits in such a way that requires the
intervention of another is like handing over the keys and getting in the back seat. Our friends
and colleagues may help open the doors of opportunity, but it is our own responsibility to take
the wheel.
2. Self-Confidence
Every decision we make in life will have some kind of effect on future outcomes. If our choices
are filtered through fear and doubt, we can be assured of the life we are trying to avoid. Trust
your instincts and listen to your heart. When you make a mistake, don’t look at it as reason for
doubt, but instead, realize the opportunity for wisdom as you continue to push ahead.
3. Persistence
Long hours and hard work sometimes could drain you to death. How many times did you
consider throwing in the towel when things didn’t go your way? But every year that is gone by,
every road block you have pushed through, without you knowing your problems are resolved
and your aim to make it a success has strengthened. Persistence is not an optional trait for
those who desire success, but an essential attitude that must be embraced.
4. A Big Imagination
When you think of some of the greatest ‘achievers’ in American history, you will see great
innovators and people of purpose. Names like Henry Ford, Walt Disney and Bill Gates come to
mind. From cars to cartoons to computers, their personalities were as diverse as their pursuits.
But one thing they share is the wonderful ability to see what is not yet visible to the naked eye.
It was the imagination of Henry Ford that first painted the picture of a car in every garage, and
Bill Gates, a computer in every home. And it was Walt Disney who continues to inspire millions
with the idea that ‘anything is possible’. Those with inevitable success can see the unseen.
They have become successful in their minds before they laid they first brick.
5. A Thick Skin
You may be a people-pleaser at heart and can be devastated by disappointment. But as a
necessity in life’s struggles, you should have grown a thick skin that would allow you to deflect
defeat while maintaining your focus. Whether in corporate conflict or the liabilities of life, it
is those with a strong armor who will maintain their momentum.
6. Clarity of Self-Understanding
If you don’t know who you are, you will never truly know what you are capable of. It is in our
daily pursuits that we need accurate information on our strengths and weaknesses to succeed.
Because being blindsided by your own inability or missing out on your true talents will bring
nothing more than failure and frustration.
7. Clarity of Intent
Continuing with the analogy of Ford, Disney and Gates, we can see the three individuals with
very clear intentions. No one ever questioned Ford’s intentions of filling the roads with his
Model T’s. Disney was never far from his pursuits of capturing our imaginations. And even no
one believed in his dream of populating every home with a PC, there was never a question of
Gates’ greatest goal.
8. Focus
There is a lot of talk about multi-tasking and single-tasking when it comes to getting things
done. But however you go about accomplishing your goals, focus must be at the core of your
character. Successful people have the knack for deflecting distraction and keeping their nose
to the grindstone. It is our drive that pushes us forward and keeps our momentum, but
without focus we will just be moving for the sake of motion.
9. Optimism
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Most of the traits mentioned thus far would not be possible without this key ingredient. Without
being able to constantly see the cup as hall full, we would never be able to stay focused. Being
blind to that silver lining would paralyze our persistence. So it is absolutely crucial that our
minds maintain a positive outlook on life and never give in to the destruction of defeat.
Optimism is at the heart of a successful human being.
10. Passion
Success can be obtained by many, but maintaining the drive to reach our goals requires a
passion for pursuit and a lust for life. We can create a to-do list and set our goals with the best
of them, but without this necessary habitual hunger, we will most certainly fail to bring to the
table the results we imagined.

Characteristics of self-actualizing people:

 They have better perceptions of reality and are comfortable with it
 They accept themselves and their own natures
 They lack artificiality
 They focus on problems outside themselves and are concerned with basic issues and eternal
questions
 They like privacy and tend to be detached
 They rely on their development and continued growth
 They appreciate the basic pleasures of life (e.g. do not take blessings for granted)
 They have a deep feeling of kinship with others
 They are deeply democratic and are not really aware of differences
 They have strong ethical and moral standards
 They are original, inventive, less constricted and fresher than others

Johari Window

The Johari Window, named after the first names of its inventors, Joseph Luft and Harry
Ingham, is one of the most useful models describing the process of human interaction. A four paned
“window”, divides personal awareness into four different types, as represented by its four quadrants:
open, hidden, blind and unknown. The lines dividing the four panes are like window shades, which
can move as an interaction progresses.

Johari Window Four Regions

1. The Open Area, The Open Self, The Free Area, The Free Self, or ‘The Arena’. This
represents all the information, behaviors, attitudes, feelings, desires, motivations, ideas and so
on, that you know about yourself and that others know about you.
2. The Blind Area, The Blind Self or ‘The Blind Spot’. This represents information about
yourself that others know but you do not.
3. The Hidden Area, The Hidden Self, The Avoided Area, The Avoided Self or ‘The Facade’.
This contains all that you know of yourself but keep hidden from others.
4. The Unknown Area or The Unknown Self. This represents those parts of yourself about
which neither you nor others know.

Known to Self Not Known to Self

Known to Other The Open Area, The The Blind Area, The Blind Self
Open Self, The Free or ‘The Blind Spot’
Area, The Free Self, or
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‘The Arena’

Not Known to Others The Hidden Area, The The Unknown Area or The
Hidden Self, The Avoided Unknown Self
Area, The Avoided Self
or ‘The Facade’

The Seven Dimensions of Wellness

What is “wellness” per se? There are many definitions, and twenty years ago, wellness didn’t
exist. But today, the industry is growing fast, and the term “wellness” is being overused, abused and it
is not being used in its appropriate context. Wellness is achieving one’s full potential; it is self-directed
and an ever-evolving process. Wellness has seven dimensions: social, occupational, spiritual,
intellectual, emotional, environmental and physical. When all these dimensions are met, then we are
considered whole or complete. Wellness is more than just products to make us feel good or be
physically fit.

1. Social Wellness. This is how a person contributes to his/her environment and community and
how he or she builds better living spaces and social networks. The social dimension
encourages contributing to one’s environment and community.
2. Occupational Wellness. Occupational development is related to one’s attitude about one’s
work and recognizes personal satisfaction and enrichment in one’s life through work. The
choice of profession, job satisfaction, career ambitions and personal performance are all
important components of this dimension. To be occupationally-well, a person is ultimately
doing exactly what they want to do in life and are comfortable with their future plans.
3. Spiritual Wellness. The spiritual dimension recognizes our search for meaning and purpose in
human existence. It doesn’t mean one is religious, but that it is better to ponder on the
meaning of life and be tolerant of the beliefs of others than to close our minds and become
intolerant. Spiritually-well people take time of their day for spiritual growth and learning. They
have a clear sense of right and wrong, and they act accordingly.
4. Intellectual Wellness. This dimension recognizes one’s creative and stimulating mental
activities as well as expands knowledge and skills while sharing his or her gifts with others.
The intellectually-well person is open to new ideas, thinks critically and seeks out new
challenges. These people will stretch and challenge their minds with intellectual and creative
pursuits instead of becoming self-satisfied and unproductive.
5. Emotional Wellness. This dimension includes the capacity to manage one’s feelings and
related behaviors, including the realistic assessment of one’s limitations, development of
autonomy and the ability to cope effectively with stress. Emotionally-well people have the
ability to express feelings freely and manages feelings effectively. They are also aware of and
accept a wide range of feelings in themselves and others.
6. Environmental Wellness. This includes the ability to promote health measures that improve
the standard of living and the quality of life in the community, including laws and agencies that
safeguard the physical environment. The environmentally-well person is aware of the earth’s
natural resources, conserves energy, buys organic foods and products, and enjoys and
appreciates spending time in natural settings.
7. Physical Wellness. This is what we all do well in our health clubs. It is met through the
combination of good exercise and eating habits, taking precautions for self-care and receiving
appropriate health screenings throughout our lives. It also means taking personal responsibility
and care for minor illnesses and knowing when professional medical attention is needed.
Physically-well people understand and appreciate the relationship between sound nutrition and
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how their body performs. The physical benefits of looking good and feeling terrific most often
lead to the psychological benefits of enhanced self-esteem, self-control, determination and a
sense of direction.

Values Development
Values are deeply held beliefs that path our daily decisions. They are found within the
subconscious and are tightly woven into the fabric of everyday life. We make decisions and choose
our behaviors, close friends, professional employment, and entertainment based on our values. We
follow this code to live our lives and we raise our children with these values hoping that they will
follow in our footsteps.
“Your personal codes of values are what are important to you; not something you want or would like
to have, but something you literally need in your life to be happy. A value is a principle or quality
intrinsically valuable or desirable to you. Values are personal. They are your convictions, your beliefs,
and your ethics rolled into one. Your personal code of values may be identical to your family’s values.
Or they may be dramatically different.” (Lopper, 2007).

The Basic Values of the Filipinos

NSTP as a citizenship training scheme focuses on translating the good citizenship values as
reflected in the Preamble of the Constitution into concrete action in building a better Philippines.
There are sixteen (16) basic Filipino values based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution.

Preamble

We, the sovereign Filipino people,

imploring the aid of Almighty God,
in order to build a just and humane society
and establish a Government
that shall embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony,
and secure to ourselves our posterity the blessings of independence
and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth,
justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace,
do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

Meaning of Preamble

The term preamble is derived from the Latin word “preambulare” which means “to walk before”.
It is the prologue of the Constitution. Clustered below are the good citizenship values that are
reflected in the Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:

The Maka-Diyos The Maka-Tao The Maka-Bayan The Maka-Kalikasan

Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster
1. Faith in the 6. Love 11. Unity 16. Concern for the
Almighty God 7. Freedom 12. Equality Environment
2. Respect for Life 8. Peace 13. Respect for the
3. Order 9. Truth Law and
4. Work 10. Justice Government
5. Concern for the 14. Patriotism
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Family and 15. Promotion of

Future Common Good
Generations

The Filipino Value System

The Filipino value system refers to the set of values or the value system that majority of people
have historically held important in their lives. This Philippine value system includes their own unique
assemblage of consistent ideologies, moral codes, ethical practice, etiquette, and cultural and
personal values that are promoted by their society. As with any society though, the values that an
individual holds sacred can differ on the basis of religion, upbringing and other factors.
As a general description, the distinct value system of Filipinos is rooted primarily in personal alliance
systems, especially those based in kinship, obligation, friendship, religion (particularly Christianity),
and commercial relationships.
Filipino values are, for the most part, centered at maintaining social harmony, motivated primarily by
the desire to be accepted within a group. The main sanction against diverging from these values are
the concepts of “hiya”, roughly translated as ‘a sense of shame’, and “” amor propio”” or ‘self-esteem’.
Social approval, acceptance by a group, and belonging to a group are major concerns. Caring about
what others will think, say or do, are strong influences on social behavior among Filipinos.
According to the anthropologist Leonardo Mercado, the Filipino worldview is basically ‘non-dualistic’.
Based on linguistic analyses of Filipino value terms like “loob” (Cebuano “buot”), he concludes that
Filipino desire harmony, not only interpersonal relationships, but also with nature and religion, while
still remaining non-dichotomous.
“The Filipino wants to harmonize the object and the subject, while at the same time holding both as
distinct.” (Elements of Filipino Philosophy (1974), Leonardo Mercado, SVD

Models of the Filipino Values

F. Landa Jocano identified two models of the Filipino value system. The first is the exogenous
model or foreign model, while the second is the indigenous model or the traditional model. The
foreign model is described to be a “legal and formal” model, while the indigenous model is described
as a “traditional and non-formal” model or guide but is deeply embedded in the subconscious of the
Filipinos. The foreign model was inherited by Filipinos from Western cultures, particularly from the
Spaniards and the Americans. An example of a foreign or exogenous influences is bureaucracy
exhibited in the government of the Philippines.

Elements and Composition

Based on studies, surveys, opinions, anecdotes, and other literatures made by experts and
researchers in relation to Filipino social values of Filipino core values, along with the Filipino
character of Filipino identity of a person or an individual known as the Filipino, the Filipino value
system is found to possess inherent key elements. Among them are optimism about the future,
pessimism with regards to present situations and events, the concern and care for other people, the
existence of friendship and friendliness, the habit of being hospitable, religious nature, respectfulness
to self and others, respect for the female members of the society, the fear of God, and abhorrence of
acts of cheating and thievery.
The core values of Filipinos specifically uphold the following items: solidarity of the family unit,
security of the Philippine economy, orientation to small-groups, personalism, the concepts of “loob” or
“kalooban” (meaning “what is inside the self”, “the inner-self, or the “actual personal feelings of the
self”), existence and maintenance of smooth interpersonal relationships, and the sensing of the
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feelings or needs of others (known as pakikiramdam). In a larger picture, these values are grouped
into into general clusters or “macroclusters” namely the relationship cluster, the social cluster, the
livelihood cluster, the inwardness cluster, and the optimism cluster.

Philippine Core Values

Philippine Values is defined by the way people live their lives as an influence of one’s culture.
The Philippines being an archipelago – has not become a hindrance towards having a single values
system throughout the country. In whatever part of the country may be, one will find the same
hospitality that the Filipinos are known for as well as many other values that have originated from the
Filipino forefathers.
The values of Filipinos have been looked upon by foreigners as a weakness instead of
strength due to the nature of how they may be abused and manipulated due to these values. But
values are what make up a certain nation both in growth and unity. Some may see that Filipino values
as a hindrance to the growth of the country and yet other may say that these are what make our
country powerful.
In order to understand these concepts, let us look into the different values of the Filipinos and
how they may be of influence to a person’s growth.

Family

The Philippines is known to be a family-centered nation. The Filipinos recognize their family as
an important social structure that one must take care of. They give importance to the safety and unity
of one’s family. The Filipino family is so intact that it is common for members of the same family to
work for the same company. It is also common to find the whole clan living in the same area as
Filipinos are afraid to be too far from their own family.
People get strength from their family, thus a child may have several godparents to ensure his
future in case his parents will not be there for him. They also do not let their elders live too far away
from them. The Filipinos take care of their elders by taking them into their homes. Unlike the
Westerners, the Filipinos do not send their elders to nursing homes to be taken care of. They believe
that when their elders are unable to live alone, the time has come for them to pay respects and to be
able to serve their parents just as they were cared for when they were younger.

Politeness

Filipinos are taught to become respectful individuals. This is mainly due to the influence of
Christianity that tell us to honor both our parents and our elders. The use of “po” and “opo” when in
conversation with an elder or someone who is older is a manifestation of how Filipinos respect their
elders.

Hospitality

The Filipinos are very hospitable when it comes to their fellowmen. They will invite their visitors
to come into their homes and offer them treats such as snacks and drinks after a long journey. There
are also instances when the Filipinos will serve only the best to their visitors even if at times they may
not be able to afford it. They also go to the extreme as to give up the comfort of their own bedrooms
for their guests and to the point of sleeping on the floor just to ensure that their guests are
comfortable.

Gratitude

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Gratitude or “utang na loob” is a very popular Filipino characteristic. One does not forget the
good deeds that others may have done to him or her especially at times of great need. This sense of
gratitude is sometimes abused by those who have done well to others as they may ask favors or
things that may either be unreasonable or beyond the means of the one in debt.

Shame

Shame or “hiya” is a very common Filipino value. It is said that Filipinos would go to great
lengths in order for one not to be ashamed. Hiya has a great influence on one’s behavior for one will
do everything, if it is beyond his means just to save his reputation as well as the reputation of his
family. When it comes to economic standing, Filipinos feel pressured to meet the status quo of the
society. One indication of this might be a willingness to spend more than they can afford on a party
rather than be shamed by their economic circumstances.

Flexibility, Adaptability, and Creativity

Filipinos’ sense of joy and humor is evident in their optimistic approach to life and its travails.
The ability to laugh at themselves and their predicament is an important coping mechanism that
contributes to emotional balance and a capacity to survive. These are manifested in the ability to
adjust to often difficult circumstances and prevailing physical and social environments. Filipinos have
a high tolerance for ambiguity that enables them to respond calmly to uncertainty or lack of
information. Filipinos often improvise and make productive and innovative use whatever is available.
These qualities have been repeatedly demonstrated in their capacity to adapt to living in any part of
the world and in their ability to accept change.

Loyalty

Loyalty or “pakikisama” is another Filipino value. Filipinos are said to be loyal to their friends
and fellowmen in order to ensure the peace in the group. This is manifested in their basic sense of
justice and fairness and concern for other’s well-being. Filipinos recognize the essential humanity of
all people and regard others with respect and empathy. With this orientation, Filipinos develop a
sensitivity to the nature and quality of interpersonal relationships which are their principal source of
security and happiness.

Hard Work and Industry

The related capacity for hard work and industry among the Filipinos is widely recognized.
Filipinos are universally regarded as excellent workers who perform well whether the job involves
physical labor and tasks or highly sophisticated technical functions. This propensity for hard work,
which often includes a highly competitive spirit is driven by the desire for economic security and
advancement for oneself and one’s family. This achievement orientation is further accompanied by
typically high aspirations and great personal sacrifices.

Resignation

Trust in God or the concept of “Bahala na” has been over-used time and again. This ideal is
used when a person does not know what to do or too last to do anything at all. This belief to put fate
in God’s hands may be a sign of how religious Filipinos may be and, at the same time, may show that
the Filipinos are free-spirited and that they put their life in fate’s hands.

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Significance of Studying Filipino Values

The shaping of the Philippine society into a successful and progressive nation would depend
on understanding and appreciating the positive side of Filipino values and how they are applied to
attain such goal. Thus, it is imperative that a full understanding and appreciation of the positive side
of our very own principles be made and used for our personal and national success.

Let’s Try:

Direction: Check your self-estimate on the following Personality Dimensions. Choose only one per
group of descriptions.

Personality Put
Dimensions Check Who am I, self-estimate of your characteristic features
Marks
A Brilliant, creative, a thinker, highly-informed
B Bright, studious, school-minded, well-informed
Intellectual
C Average, conscientious, adequately informed
D Below average, indifferent, easy-going, hardly informed
A High achiever, outgoing, very active leader
B Above average achiever, independent, moderately active leader
Leadership
C Average achiever, conventional, active follower
D Below average achiever, conforming, indifferent follower
Strongly law-abiding, strongly disturbed with misdeeds, committed,
A
strictly conventional
Somewhat law-abiding, somewhat disturbed by misdeeds,
B
committed, somewhat conventional
Conscience
May disobey rules or law as long as no one else sees, not disturbed
C
by misdeeds, indifferent in convention
Delights in misdeeds that flouts rules and law, does not care about
D
conventions
A Performing outstandingly in school, recipient of awards and honors
B Performing well in school, better than most students
Achievement
C Performing satisfactorily, as good as half of the class
D Performing barely satisfactorily, among the poorest in class
A Very physically active, athlete-minded, energetic
B Somewhat physically active, takes to athletics regularly
Physical C Physically inactive, shuns athletics, too weak to do physical exercise
Hardly physically active, joins athletics only when required, lacking
D
energy
Highly artistic, connoisseur of art, avid consumer of artistic
A
commodity like records and tapes, art exhibit, plays, concert, etc.
Somewhat appreciative of art, has some artist talent, regular
Aesthetic B
consumer of artistic commodity
C Like certain forms of art, attends artistic performances if there is time
D Don’t care about art, done understand art
A Very lively, cheerful, very enthusiastic, fun to be with
Emotional B Somewhat lively, pleasant, somewhat enthusiastic, fun to be with
Warmth C Hardly lively, occasionally pleasant, with little enthusiasm, quiescent
D Grouchy, irritable, unenthusiastic, excitable, tense
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A Very accommodating, empathetic, adaptable, affiliates with others

B Somewhxat accommodating, considerate, cooperative
Personal
C Hardly accommodating, somewhat self-directed
Relations
Stand-offish, hostile, insensitive to others, wishing harm done to
D
others
A Very enduring, responsible, enterprising, persevering, planful
Somewhat enduring, prefers to execute ready-made plans accepts
B
but does not seek responsibility
Work Hardly enduring, short-lived effort, seldom makes plans, if possible
C
no responsibility
Unenduring, does not work up to completion of task, irresponsible,
D
adverse to planning
A Eloquent, forceful, assertive, persuasive, effective in communication
Communicating B Somewhat eloquent, somewhat assertive, somewhat effective
C Hardly skillful and effective in communication
D Flattering, awkward, ineffective in communication
Very religious, gives much time to church work, contemplative, very
A
benevolent
Somewhat religious, gives some time to church work, somewhat
B
benevolent
Religious
Hardly religious, seldom engages in church work, hardly performs
C
benevolent acts
Irreligious, does not perform church work, performs no benevolent
D
acts or work
Very ambitious, very highly aspiring, very optimistic, and hopeful of
A
the future
Somewhat ambitious, somewhat highly aspiring, quite hopeful of the
B
future
Outlook in Life
Hardly ambitious, uncertain about life goals and vague as to the
C
future
Lacking in ambition, makes no projection about the future lives by
D
the day
Very loving and worthy of love, indispensable peer attachment of
A goals, most highly regarded by family, recognized as leader in
civic/social work
Somewhat loving and lovable, seen by peers as cooperative,
B
Self-Worth appreciated by community for civic/social work
Hardly loving and lovable, seen by peers as passive follower,
C
unnoticeable in civic/social work
Unloving and unlovable, seen by peers as obstructive of group goals,
D
uncivic-minded

Equivalents:
Option A = 10 points Option C = 6 points
Option B = 8 points Option D = 4 points

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Score (pts) Personality Dimension Grade

110-130 Excellent 90%
89-109 Above Average 85%
68-88 Average 80%
47-67 Below Average 75%
42-46 Needs Improvement 60%

Information Buzz:

To further expand your knowledge on Self-Awareness and Values Development, kindly

Let’s Measure:

A. Reflection Paper about “Who Am I? How I Value Myself?

B. Reflective Essay expressing commitment to uphold the Filipino core values in supporting
NSTP activities and in daily life.

References:

 Labuguen, F.C., Ramos, A.I., Placer, R.B., Vidal, C.J.E., Moralde, R.P.E., &
Rendorio, E.V. (2012). Understanding the National Service Training Program.
Malabon City, Philippines: Mutya Publishing House.

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