So if all the genetic mutations are building up in the body or in this gene the protein the codes for

say it's a
really important protein probably if there's a if there's a genetic mutation

It suggests that over time, the number of errors build up to a catastrophic

leading to the death of the cell and, possibly, the entire organism.
The central dogma of life can be defined in a fairly simple way: DNA makes RNA, which in turn
makes proteins:
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is passed to a similar
molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a
chain of building blocks called nucleotides, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The
type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA)
because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The
mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA
nucleotides. Each sequence of three nucleotides, called a codon, usually codes for one particular
amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.) A type of RNA called transfer RNA
(tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. Protein assembly continues until the
ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three nucleotides that does not code for an
amino acid).

At their core, all organisms on the planet have very similar mechanisms by
which they handle their genetic information and use it to create the building
blocks of a cell.  Organisms store information as DNA, release or carry
information as RNA, and transform information into the proteins that perform
most of the functions of cells (for example, some proteins also access and
operate the DNA library). This “central dogma” of molecular biology is an
extremely simplistic model, but useful for following the flow of information in
biological systems. Among the core features:
The error catastrophe theory of aging states that aging is the result of the
accumulation of errors in cellular molecules that are essential for cellular
function and reproduction that eventually reaches a catastrophic level that is
incompatible with cellular survival. The central dogma of molecular biology
refers to the unidirectional transfer of genetic information from deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) to proteins. DNA carries all of the cells genetic information and
instructions for carrying out the functions of the cell. Proteins serve a variety of
functions. Some proteins serve in metabolic or structural processes, while
others serve to catalyze cellular reactions.
s
The transfer of genetic information from DNA to protein occurs in a series of
coordinated processes. The first process called transcriptioninvolves the
transfer of genetic information from double‐stranded DNA to single‐stranded
messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that is able to transport this information
from inside the...
The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used
to produce proteins is called translation.

Error theory/ error catastrophe theory

• Orgel in 1963.

• DNA--RNA--protein synthesis

Basis:

1)errors can occur in the transcription in any step of the protein synthesis of DNA

2) error causes the reproduction of an enzyme or protein that is not an exact copy

3) As transcription errors to occur, the end product would not even resemble the original cell, thereby
compromising its functional ability

Error CRISIS

• If the error containing protein molecule is one that is involved in synthesis of genetic material or in
the protein synthesizing machinery however then the molecules could cause further errors resulting
in error crisis.

• “Error Crisis” result in impaired cell function

Limitations of Error theory

• Theory was discarded due to lack of experimental supporting evidence although altered proteins
due occur in aging mammals.

• More recently the theory has not been supported by research

– not all aged cells contain altered or misspecified proteins

– nor is aging automatically or necessarily accelerated if misspecified proteins or enzymes are

introduced into a cell

Error theory is no longer regarded as viable theory.

First proposed in the 1960s, suggests that over time, the number of errors build up to a
catastrophic leading to the death of the cell and, possibly, the entire organism.

Damage occurs not to the DNA but to the RNA which spreads damage across the whole body.

 Any damage to the enzyme systems that synthesize proteins in the body results in faulty
protein synthesis.
 The faulty proteins continue to accumulate in the cell until they reach a level that damages
the cells, tissues, and organ.
 When enough damage accumulates, this may result in cell malfunctioning ( aging) leading to
death.

Diggs J. (2008) The Error Catastrophe (Accumulation) Theory of Aging. In: Loue S.J., Sajatovic
M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health. Springer, Boston, MA.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33754-8_162