MATHEMATICS T 954/2 – SET 1 6. Sketch the curve of y = ln (x – 2).

[2]
Find an approximate value for the area of the region bounded by the curve,
SECTION A (45 Marks) : Answer all questions in this
section.
x-axis and the line x = 4 by using the trapezium rule with five ordinates.
Give your answer correct to 3 decimal places. [4]

2
x 9 ,x3 Hence, determine whether the estimated value is larger or smaller than
 0
1. The function f is defined as f(x) =  ,x3. the exact value. [2]
3x
 ,x3
 3x SECTION B (15 Marks) : Answer any one question in this section.

(a) Without using graphs, determine whether f is a continuous function or not. [3]
1
7. Sketch, on a clearly labelled diagram, the graph of the curve y = 1 + . [2]
(b) Sketch the graph of f. [3] 4 x2 
The region R is bounded by this curve, axes and the line x = 1 . 1
2
2. Using the substitution x = 1 , show that 1 4
By using the substitution 2x = tan θ, find
dx =  .

2y 2 [6]
1 x x2  1 4 (a) the area of the region R, [5]
(b) the volume of the solid formed when R is rotated completely about the x-axis.[8]
3. Given that f(x) = x + a + , x ≠ 2, 2 < a < 3. In terms of a, 8. Show that the equation x3 − 6x + 1 = 0 has two positive real roots. [3]
x2
(a) find the asymptotes of y = f(x). [2] (a) Show that the smaller positive root, , lies between x = 0 and x = 1. [2]
(b) find the coordinates of the stationary points. [3] (b) A sequence of real numbers x1, x2, x3, . . . satisfies the recurrence relation
+
(c) sketch the graph of y = f(x), labeling clearly the asymptotes, xn1 = 1 ( x2 + 1) for x .
turning points and axial intercepts. [3] 6 n
Use calculator to determine the behaviour of the sequence for x1 = 0. [4]
dy y
4. The variables x and y are related by the differential equation = 1 + 2x – . (c) Prove algebraically that, the sequence can be used to obtain the
dx x 2
root  of the equation x3 − 6x + 1 = 0. [3]
2
By using y = v + x , show that the differential equation may be reduced to (d) Explain whether the recurrence relation in (c) can be use to estimate
dv = – v . [3] the larger real root. [3]
dx x 2
1. Not continuous 3(a) y = x + a, x = 2(b) (2 + 2a, 2 + 5a) , (2 – 2a, 2 – 3a)
Find the solution of the differential equation given that when x = 1, y = 2. [5] 11
4. y = x2 + e x 5. y = x + 1 x3 + 3 x5 + . . . ; 1 + 1 x2 + 3 x4 + . . .
3 2 640 28
−1 d d y dy 6. 1.112 ; smaller since the curve is concave downwards.
y
2
5. Given that y = sin = 0. 7(a) 1 (4 + )(b) 5 (2 + )
[3]
x, prove that (1 – x ) – 3x – 8 16
dx3 dx2 dx 8(b) sequence converges to   0.16745
5
Hence, find the Maclaurin’s series for y up to and including the term in x(d). Since the
[4]derivative value of the recurrence relation for the larger root is greater than 1, so it cannot be use to estimate the larger r
1
Deduce the expansion for . [2]
1 x2
 MATHEMATICS T 954/2 – SET 2 
6. Given the equation x2 – e x – 4 = 0.
SECTION A (45 Marks) : Answer all questions in this
(a) Show that the equation has only one real root. [3]
section.
(b) Verify, by calculation that this root lies between x = 2 and x = 3. [2]

1. Function f is defined by f(x) = ,x2 (c) Prove that, if a sequence of values given by the iterative formula
 .
ax  4
2
 ln ( x  1) , x  2
xn1 = 4  e xn converges, then it converges to this root. [2]
Given that f’ is continuous at x = 2.

(a) Find the value of a. [3] (d) Use this iterative formula to calculate the root correct to 2 decimal places.
Give the result of each iteration correct to 4 decimal places. [3]
(b) Determine whether f is continuous at x = 2. [3]

SECTION B (15 Marks) : Answer any one question in this section.

2. A piece of wire of length d units is cut into two pieces. One piece is bent to form
( x  4)2
a circle of radius r units, and the other piece is bent to form a regular hexagon. 7. State the asymptotes of the graph y = . [2]
Prove that, as r varies, the sum of the areas enclosed by the two shapes is a x2  4
minimum when the radius of the circle is approximately 0.076d units. [7] Find the coordinates of its stationary points and determine its nature. [8]
Sketch its graph. [3]
( x  4)2
3. Evaluate Hence, find the range of values of k for which the equation x2  4 – k = 0
1 x

dx. [3]
0
1 x2 has no real roots. [2]
–1
Hence, find the exact value of  1 sin
0
x dx. [4]
8. (a) Solve the differential equation (1 + e2 y )
dy
= e y sin x cos x,
dx

given that y = 0 when x = 6 . [6]
dy y 2
4. Find the general solution of the differential – = x sec x. [5]
equation dx x (b) Find the general solution of the differential equation
dy
x – y – 2x2 + 1 = 0, expressing y in terms of x. [5]
dx
2
5. Given that y = 1
sin x 2 d y dy
. Show that (1 – x ) –x = y. [3] Find the particular solution which has a stationary point on the positive x-axis.
e dx2 d
Sketch this particular solution. [4]
By further differentiation of this result, find the Maclaurin’s series for y in
ascending powers of x up to and including the term in x3. [5] 1(a) a = 1 (b) Not continuous 3. 1 ;  – 1 4. y = x tan x + cx
4 2
Given1
that x is small, show that the first four terms of the series expansion for
sin x 5. y = 1 + x + 1 x2 + 1 x3 + . . .
e 2 3
6(d) 2.0334 , 2.0325 ; 2.03
is 1 + x + x2 + 5 x3. [3]
cos x
6 7. x = 2, x = −2, y = 1 ; (1, −3)max. , (4, 0)min. ; −3 < k < 0
8(b) y = 2x2 – 2 2 x + 1
 MATHEMATICS T 954/2 – SET 3
SECTION B (15 Marks) : Answer any one question in this section.
SECTION A (45 Marks) : Answer all questions in this
section. 7. A curve has the parametric equations
  
x 6  ,x x = k + sin t and y = k cos t, where k > 0 and − ≤ t ≤ .
1. The function f is defined by f(x) =  x  4 , where a is a constant.
 2 dy
(a) Express in terms of t. [3]
ax  2 ,x
2
Find the value of a, if lim f(x) exists. [3] dx
x2
(b) State the exact values of t at the points when the tangents are parallel
With this value of a, determine whether f’ is continuous at x = 2. [3] to the y-axis, and the points when the tangents are parallel to the x-axis. [4]

(c) The normal of the curve at the point where t =  has a y-intercept of −1.
17  x 4
2. Given that y = . If x increases at a constant rate of 1.5 unit Find the value of the constant k. [4]
(4  3 x)(1 2 x)
per second when x = 0.25, find the rate of change of y at this instant. [6] (d) The normal intersects the curve again at point P. Using k = 1, find P. [4]

4
1 
x 1
r
3. By using a suitable substitution, evaluate
 0 (1 x )2 dx. [6] 8. (a) By using the standard Maclaurin’s expansion of e , find 
r 1!
in terms of e. [3]

–1 2 3 2
d d y dy
y
(b) Given that y = tan = 0. [4]
2x, show that (1 + 4x ) + 16x +8
4. Using the substitution u = xy, solve the differential equation 3 2 dx
dx dx
dy –1
x + y + xy2 Obtain the Maclaurin’s series for tan 2x up to and including the term in x3. [4]
= 0, given that y = 1 when x = 2, expressing y in terms of x. [10]
dx 2
1


5 –1
Use the series expansion above, estimate the value of tan 2x dx,
0
5. Given that x is sufficiently small for x3 and higher powers of x to be neglected, giving your answer as a fraction. [4]
show that 5  4 cos x 1 – 1 x + 9 x2. [5]

2  sin x 2 4 8
1. a = −1 ; Not continuous 2. – 316 3. 2 ln ( 5 ) – 4
x2 169 35
6. A curve has the equation y = .
ln x 1 6(a) a = 4, b = 5
4. y = (b) 4.32
x ln  x   x
(a) Show that the curve has only one stationary point, and its x-coordinate 2
x2 
satisfies the equation x = . [5] 7(a) –k tan t(b) −  , 
ln x ; −, 0,  (c) 1 (d) (1 – 1 , – 1 )
22
22
Find the successive integers a and b such that this root lies in the
8(a) e – 1(b) y = 2x – 8 x3 + . . . ; 73
interval (a, b). [3] 3 1875
(b) Use the iterative formula
xn1 x 2
= n to determine the x-coordinate
ln xn
correct to 2 decimal places.
Give the result of each iteration to 4 decimal places. [4]
 MATHEMATICS T 954/2 – SET 4

SECTION A (45 Marks) : Answer all questions in this 6. Show that the equation x + 4 + ln x = 0 has only one real root, and state the
section.
successive integers a and b such that this root lies in the interval (a, b). [4]
lim  1 cos x 
2
Use the Newton-Raphson method with initial estimate xo = 0.02 to find the
1. Evaluate x  0  x  . [5] real root correct to four decimal places. [4]
 x(1 e ) 
Give a reason why 0.5 cannot be use as the initial estimate in the
above calculation. [1]
1

SECTION B (15 Marks) : Answer any[4o,n3e] question in this section.


2 −1
2. Show that 0 sin (2x) dx = 41 ( – 2). [5]

7. The diagram shows the region R bounded

3. The parametric equations of a curve are y
x = ln (cos θ), y = ln (sin θ), where 0 < θ <  . by the curves y = x2 and x = (y – 2)2 – 2
2 and the y-axis. y = x2
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where θ =  , [5]
(a) Find the coordinates of the points A and B.
A
4 (b) Find the area of the region R. [4]
leaving your answer in the form of y = mx + c. [6]
(c) Find the volume formed when R R B x = (y – 2) – 2 2

Show that the tangent will not meet the curve again. [4] is rotated 2 radian about the y- x [4]
0
axis.

dy
4. Show that the differential equation xy = x2 + 2y2 may be reduced by dy
dx 8. Solve the differential equation (x + 1) = y – y2,
dx
dy 1 v 2 x1
and show that the general solution can be express as y = ,
by means of the substitution y = vx to x = . [3]
dx v xc
where c is a constant. [9]
2
Hence obtain the general solution of y in the form = f(x). [4]
y Sketch the solution curve which passes through the point (–3, 2),
labelling all your intercepts and asymptotes clearly. [6]
–1
x2
2 dy
 that (x 3. y = –x – ln 2 4. y2 = x2(Ax2 – 1)
5. Given that y = 2 tan  x . 3Show
 + 2x + 3) = 2. [2] 1. –1
dx 6. a = 0, b = 1 ; 0.0180
  5. y = 2 x – 2 x2 + 2 x3 + . . . ; 1 – 2 x + 1 x2 + . . .
3981 3927
By further differentiation of the above result, find the Maclaurin’s series
expansion for y in ascending powers of x up to and including the term in x3. [5]
7(a) (–1, 1), (0, 2 – 2 )(b) 1 (7 – 4 2 ) (c) 1 (101 – 64 2 )
3 30
1
Hence, find the first three non-zero terms in the expansion of [2]
x2  2x 
3
 MATHEMATICS T 954/2 – SET 5
SECTION B (15 Marks) : Answer any one question in this section.
SECTION A (45 Marks) : Answer all questions in this section.
dy
7. Given that y = e3 x sin kx, where k is a constant and that = 4 when x = 0.
1. Let f and g are two continuous functions in [a , b] and such that f(a) > g(a) dx
and f(b) < g(b). Prove that exists a value c [a , b] such that f(c) = g(c). [5] d y dy
(a) Find the value of k and show that 2 + 6 + 25y = 0. [6]
dx 2 d x
41
By substituting y = 1 sin θ, find the exact value of

2
2. y dy. [5] (b) Find the Maclaurin’s series for y up to and including the term in x4. [5]
2 1 2 y (c) By using the standard expansions, verify the correctness of your
0
answer in (b). [4]

3. Diagram shows a rectangle ABCD inscribed in a semi-circle with fixed

radius r cm. Two vertices of the rectangle lie on the arc of the semi-circle.
8. Given that y = [ln (1 + x)]2, show that
2
If AB = x cm, show that the perimeter P of the  dy  4 y 2d y dy
rectangle ABCD is 2x + 4 r 2  x2 . C B [2]   = and (1 + x) 22 + (1 + x) dx = 2. [5]
 dx 
2
(1 x) dx
Given that as x varies, the maximum value of P
D A By further differentiation of the result above, obtain the Maclaurin’s series for
occurs when AB : BC = 1 : k, find k. [8]
[ln (1 + x)]2 up to and including the term in x4. [7]
Verify that the same result is obtained if the standard series expansion for
4. Find the general solution for the differential equation
 dy  –1 y ln (1 + x) is used. [3]
1 = tan (x) – , expressing y in terms of x. [8]
 
2  dx  x 2. 1 ( – 2) 3. k = 4
82
2
–1 2 d y dy 5.  – x – x3 + . . .
–x = 0. [3] 4. y = 1 [2x3 tan–1 (x) + ln (1 + x) – x2 + c]
5. If y = cos 3 x2 2
x, show that that (1 – x ) dx
dx2
6. 3.103 ; over-estimate since curve is concave upwards.
Hence, find the Maclaurin’s series for y, for the first three non-zero terms. [4]
7(a) k = 4 (b) y = 4x – 12x2 + 22 x3 + 14x4 + . . . 8. y = x2 – x3 + 11 x4 + . . .
3 12
2 dy
6. Given that y = . Show that < 0 for all x ≥ 0. [3]
1 x dx

By using the trapezium rule with 5 ordinates, estimate the value of I,


2 dx, correct to 3 decimal places. [4]
where I =
0 1 x
2
By sketching the graph of y = for x ≥ 0, determine whether the
1 x
estimated value of I is larger or smaller than its actual value. [3]
 MATHEMATICS T 954/2 – SET 6 6. It is given that y = cos x .
2 2
SECTION A (45 Marks) : Answer all questions in this d y dy  2
section. (a) Show that 2 y 2 + 2  
dx  dx  + y = 0. [3]
4  x2
1. Given that f is defined as f(x) = , x ≠ 2.
x2 (b) Find Maclaurin’s series for y in ascending powers of x, up to and
including the term in x2. [3]
(a) Determine whether lim f(x) exists. [3]
x2 (c) By choosing a suitable value for x, deduce the approximate relation

(b) Determine whether f is continuous at x = 2. [2]

1  1 + k2, where k is a constant to be determined. [3]
42
–1
2. The parametric equations of a curve are x = ln (2t), y = tan (2t), where t > 0.
Show that the gradient of the curve at the point where y = p is 1
2 sin 2p. [5] SECTION B (15 Marks) : Answer any one question in this section.
2x
7. Sketch the graphs of y = and y = x for x ≥ 0, in the same diagram. [3]
1 x 2

3. (a) Find the exact value of
 0 lncos
3 (cos x)
x 2dx. [5]
The region R is bounded by the curves. Find the exact area of R.
Using the substitution x = tan θ, find the exact volume of the solid formed
[5]

when R is rotated through four right angles about the x-axis. [7]
(b) Using the substitution u = 1 + cos x, show that

2 sin 2 x 3
 1  cos x dx = 4 ln (1 + cos x) – 4 cos x + c. [5] 8
+
A curve has parametric equation x = 1 + 2 sin θ, y = 4 cos θ.
(a) Find the equations of the tangent and normal at the point P where θ =  . [6]
6
4 By means of the substitution z = 1 , show that the differential equation Hence, find the area of the triangle bounded by the tangent and normal at P,
as well as the y-axis. [2]
y2 
2 dy dz
ex dx = 2xy2 y2  1 can be reduced to the form 1 = –4x  x2 , (b) Determine the rate of change of xy at θ = , if x increases at a constant
6
1 z e dx rate of 0.1 units per second. [5]
where y > 1. [3]
3(a)3 (1 – ln 2) – 
Hence find the general solution of y in terms of x. [3] 1(a) exists(b) not continuous.
3
Prove algebraically (not verify) that the minimum point of every member
4. y = 1
of the family of solution curves lie on the y-axis. [3] 5. 3 ; 2.992
1 (A  e x2 )2

5. On the same axes, sketch the graphs of y = e  x and y = 9 – x2. [2] 6(b) y = 1 – 1 x2 + . . .(b)  ; k = – 1 7. ln 2 – 1 ; 1 (32 – 8)
4 4 64 26
State the integer which is closest to the positive root of the equation x2 + e x = 9. [1]
8(a) x + 2y = 13 , 4x + 2y = 3 ; 5(b) 9
Using the Newton-Raphson method, find an approximation to this root, correct 20
to three decimal place. [4]
 MATHEMATICS T 954/2 – SET 7 1
6. Given that y = e sin x , show that
SECTION A (45 Marks) : Answer all questions in this dy
section. (a) = 1 when x = 0, [2]
dx
1. The function f is defined by f(x) = x  2 ,1x1
2
  x  1 ,otherwise . 2 d y dy
2
 (b) (1 – x ) 2 = x + y. [3]
dx
dx Maclaurin’s
(a) Find lim f(x) and lim f(x). [2] Hence, find the series for y, up to and including the term in x3. [4]
  1
x  1 x  1 0.1
esin x dx,
(b) Determine whether f is continuous at x = –1. [2] 0
(c) Use the series above to estimate the value of

correct to three decimal places. [3]
3
2. The volume
(a) Using of water
Calculus in a hemispherical
method, bowl of radius
find the approximate amount12 of
cmwater
is given by 7. A rectangular block with a square base and height 2(a – x), x < a, is inscribed
 2 necessary
3 to raise the depth from 2 cm to 2.1 cm. [3] SECTION B (15
in a sphere of Marks) : Answer
fixed radius a suchany
thatone questionofin
the vertices this
the section.
block just touch the
V = (36x – x ), where x is the depth of the water.
3 –1 interior of the sphere.
(b) If water is poured in at a constant rate of 3 cm s , find the rising
[3] (a) Show that the square base has side length 2 x(2a  x) . [3]
rate of the level when the depth is 3 cm.
(Leave all your answers in terms of ) Hence, write down the volume of the block in terms of x and a. [2]
(b) Show that the volume of the block is largest when it is a cube. [8]

 1
2 Hence, find the volume of the cube in terms of a. [2]
4x

3. [7]
Using x = 2 cos θ, show that dx = – + c.
2x

 x1 41 x2
8. Obtain the coordinates of the turning point of the curve y = , for x ≥ 0. [3]
2 4
4. By means of the substitution yx = + , show that the differential equation Determine the nature of the stationary point as well. [3]
2x x2
dy Sketch the curve y = 4 diagram.
and the line y = 1 x on the same [2]
2 2 2 dz 4z 4
4  x2
x z
Solve this equation and hence find the general solution of the differential equation, The region enclosed by the graphs is denoted by R. Using the substitution
x2 dy= 1 – 2x y2 2 x = 2 tan θ, find the volume, in terms of , of the solid generated when the
x dx = 1 – 2x y , can
expressing y in terms
be reduced to = x. + 2.
of [5]
[3]
dx dx x region R is rotated completely about the x-axis. [7]

1  3 
) 1 ; 1 (b) continuous 2(a) 4.4 (b) 4. y = 1 1  
1(a 21  x 3
3cx  2
x  
2
2 sin x – x + 2 = 0 has only one real root for x > 0, and state the successive 5. a = 3, b = 4 ; 3.869 6. y = 1 + x + 1 x2 + 1 x3 +..........(c) 0.105
2 2 3
5. By using athe
integers and b suchofthat
graphs y = the
sin real
androot
2ylies
= x in theshow
– 2, that(athe
interval , b)equation
. [4]
8 3
2 2
7(a ) V = 8a x – 12ax + 4x
3
(b) a3 8. (2, 1 )max. ; 1 (32 – 8)
Use the Newton-Raphson method to find the real root correct to three 9 2 12
decimal places [4]
 MATHEMATICS T 954/2 – SET MPM SECTION B (15 Marks) : Answer any one question in this section.

SECTION A (45 Marks) : Answer all questions in this 7. A right circular cone of height a + x, where –a ≤ x ≤ a, is inscribed in a sphere
section. of constant radius a, such that the vertex and all points on the circumference

1.
of the base lie on the surface of the sphere.
The function f is defined by  x  1 , x  1
(a) Show that the volume V of the cone is given by V = 1  (a – x)(a + x)2. [3]

f(x) =
x1 ,otherwise 3


(a) Find lim

(b) Determine the value of x for which V is maximum and find the maximum
x  1 f(x). [3]
value of V. [6]
(b) Determine whether f is continuous at x = –1 . [2]
(c) Sketch the graph of V against x. [2]

2. Find the equation of the normal to the curve with parametric equations
(d) Determine the rate at which V changes when x = 1
a
if x is increasing at
x = 1 – 2t and y = –2 + 2 at the point (3, –4). [6] 2
t a rate of 1 a per minute. [4]
10

3. Using the substitution x = 4 sin u,

2
1
x
4x
dx. [6]
8. Two iterations suggested to estimate a root of the equation x3 – 4x2 + 6 = 0
evaluate
 0
6
1 3
1

x  2 dx 2
are xn1 = 4 – and xn1 = + 6) 2 .
2xn 2
(xn
 x( x x
4. Show that e = . [4] (a) Show that the equation x3 – 4x2 + 6 = 0 has a root between 3 and 4. [3]
x1
1) (b) Using sketched graphs of y = x and y = f(x) on the same axes, show that,
Hence, find the particular solution of the differential equation
with initial approximation xo = 3, one of the iterations converges to the
dy x2 1 root whereas the other does not. [6]
+ y=–
dx x( x  1) x2 ( x  (c) Use the iteration which converges to the root to obtain a sequence of
1)
which satisfies the boundary condition y = 3 when x = 2. [4] iterations with xo = 3, ending the process when the difference of two
4 consecutive iterations is less than 0.05. [4]
3 3 5 (d) Determine whether the iteration used still converges to the root if the
 dy 
d2 3  dy  y
5.
–1
If y = sin x, show that = x   and d =  + 3 x2 d  . [5] initial approximation is xo = 4. [2]
y  dx  y  dx   dx 
dx 2 –1
dx 3
1(a) 0 (b) continuous 2. x + y + 1 = 0 3. 1 (2 – 3 3 )
Using Maclaurin’s theorem, express sin x as a series of ascending powers 3
5
of x up to the term in x . [6] 4. y = 2x  1 5. y = x + 1 x3 + 3 x5 + . . . ; –  < x < 
x2 6 40 2 2
State the range of values of x for which the expansion is valid. [1] 6. 1.701
y ( 1 a , 32 a3 )
6. Use the trapezium rule with subdivisions at x = 3 and x = 5 to obtain an 381
7(b) x =1a , V max. =323a (c) 1 a3
approximation to 7 3 81
x 3 3 
 dx, giving your answer correct to three places 40 0 x
4 8(c) 3.33, 3.46, 3.50
1 1 x (d) Yes
of decimals. [4]
By evaluating the integral exactly, show that the error of the approximation
is about 4.1%. [4]