yk*Hacwfpmar;yGJ

yk*Hacwf
pmar;yGJ
qef;xGef;(ref;wuúokdvf)

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yk*Hacwfonf pmacwf o'´gacwfjzpfonf/ ax&0g' Ak'¨omoem xGef;opfae
onf/ edum,fig;&yfyd#uwfudk t|uxm#DumESifhwuG rdwfvifpkH avhvmaeMuonf/ *l
ajymufBuD;(jrapwD)bk&m;ausmufpm 4-rsufESmwGif ygVdrsufESm&Sd ygVd*gxmrsm;udk Munfh
u yk*HacwfygVdbmomtqifhtwef;udk cefYrSef;Ekdifygonf/ aemufaemufacwfrsm;\ygVd
tqifhtwef;onf yk*Hacwf ygVdtqifhtwef;udk rD-rrD awG;awmzG,fyif jzpfaeygonf/
uspGmrif;vufxuf xGufay:aom o'´eDwdusrf;udk MunfhvQif yk*Hacwf\ouúwbmom?
ygVdbmomtqifhtwef;tajctaerSefudk {uEÅodEkdifavmufygonf/
yk*Hacwfonf o'´gusrf;awG vTrf;rkd;aomacwfvnf; jzpfonf/
ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomudk ]e0rÜd,H}vkyfaeMuaomfvnf; aq;usrf;? "mwfusrf;?
eu©wfaA'ifusrf;rsm;udk ouúwbmom? b*FgvDbmom? [dE´Dbmomrsm;jzifhom avhvm
aeMuonf/
o'´g? qef;? tvuFm? tbd"mefusrf;rsm;udkvnf; ouúwpaombmom&yfrsm;
jzifhom t&if;ususavhvmae&wkef;jzpfonf/
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D m? um&dumpaomo'´g
i,frsm; tvQKdvQKd xGufay:vmMuonf/
acwfonf 'Da&ESifhwlonf/ wufvQifvnf; w&dyf&dyf wufonf/ usvQifvnf;
w&dyf&dyfusonf/
Ä ygVdo'´gBuD;(upönf;pmawmf)ab;em;rS o'´gi,frsm;onf rkd;OD;usaygufaom
tpkdYrsm;tvm; xçxaygufvmMuonf/ t&yfoluav;rsm;uJhodkYyif o'´gawGu 0if0if
wkd;aeonf/ yk*Hol? yk*Hom;rsm; o'´gudkyJ]tvkyf}vkyfaeMuonf/
]abmwd}&kyfwGuf&mrS&aom ausmufoifykef;? ausmufwHtrIefYrsm;onfyif yD,
(Ä o'´edwd "mwkrmvm? 'vd'´"mwfü upönf;usrf;udk ukd;um;onf/)
1
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aq;jzpfonf[kq&morm;rsm;u tm;ay;xm;ojzifh wtm;&kyfwGufaeMuaom udk&if

BuD;awGuvnf; r&Sm;/
o'´gwGif okwfNyD;&ef? &kyfNyD;&ef ta&;BuD;onf[k odxm;ojzifh &kyfudk wtm;
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&kyfaMu-raMu a&ikyfckdif;NyD; a&rSay:tvm jAKef;ueJ ar;Muonf/ xkdodkY&kyfar;
onfukd ukd&ifrsm;? yOöif;i,frsm; 0dkif;MunfhaeMuonf/ þodkYtm;jzifh &kyfar;uefteD;rSm
pmar;yGJuav; trSwfrxif pwifcJhavonf/
wcgoü &kyfar;uefwGif pmajzrnfh]pmar;yGJ0if}yk*¾KdvfwOD; a&ikyfae&mrS Mum
E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

MumraeEkdifí bGm;ueJ ay:vm&m pmar;q&mu pmar;rnf[k t[rf;-t[rf;acsmif;

[efYvkdufonfudkyif ]t[H}[laomyk'fudk &kyfwGufckdif;onfrSwfí-
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w,dr,dokwfwkdYukd vkdufapí wGr[H odrSdp[laomokwfjzifh od0dbwfESifhwuGaom trS-
o'´gudk t[HjyK}}[k &kyfwGufypfvkduf&m pmar;q&mu ]]aeygtkH;? aeygtkH;? &kyfrar;&
ao;ygbl;? acsmif;[efYwmyg}}[kajym,l&onftxd jzpfcJhzl;yg\/(a&ü ikyfay:)
wcgwcg tdyfcsifrl;wl; ikdufrsOf;aepOf wifyg;ykwfEId;NyD; pmar;jcif;vnf; &Sdwwf
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wcgoü yk*HwGif tdrfwGif;rdom;pk pmar;yGJwck jzpfcJhzl;\/
tzjzpfolu pmar;q&mBuD;? om;wa,muf? orD;ESpfa,mufu pmajzolrsm;/
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(taz)]]om cHMoavmauod}}[kar;cGef; xkwfonf/
(om;) ]]omcH? opfukdif;udk/ Moavmauod? Munfh\}}[kbmomjyefonf/
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u atmufuaeNyD; zkdrobm0? umrrsufpdjzifh uGufwduav; Munfhrdonf/
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2
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ESm-89 -rSD;)
(rSwfcsuf/ /Moavmauod? ikHYMunfh\/ Oav’mauod? armhMunfh\/)
yk*HacwfrSmjzpfap? yif;,acwfrSmjzpfap xif&Sm;aom ausmif;wkdufBuD;(7)wkduf
zGJYpnf;xm;avh&Sdonf/
ausmif;wkdufwwkduf&Sd yk*¾KdvfwOD;tm; t&nftcsif;ppf pmar;vkdygu tjcm;

E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

ajcmufausmif;u ppfar;&onf/
xkdtjcm;ausmif;(6)ausmif;&Sd pmar;q&mrsm;udk ]](6)ausmif;om;}}[kac:
onf/
yk*Hacwf uspGm odkYr[kwf e&oD[yawhrif;vufxuf touf 60-ausmfrS pm
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ausmif;om;}}wdkYu pmar;MuaMumif;? ar;wkdif;ar;wkdif; OD;usnfayGYu ajzEkdifaomfvnf;
OD;usnfayGYar;aom ar;cGef;wckukdum;-
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Y m; 'domygarmu©wqH yd f
ay;vSL&aMumif; trSwftom;&Sdygonf/
xkdYaMumifh ]]'domygarmuf? ax&fwufayguf}}[kO'gef;wGifygonf/
yk*aH cwfum; pmay&Iaxmifrh MS unfv h Qif tvGetf m;&auseyfp&m aumif;avmuf
atmifyif ckdifcHh\/
trsKd;orD;rsm;onf pmawGtrsm;BuD;usufonf/ rif;orD;u pmcsonf/ bkef;
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&Sd rSm;aomf&Sd [kwfaomf&Sd r[kwfaomf&Sd tyxm;/ yk*Hacwf\tckdiftrmom"uawG t
rsm;BuD;&Sdygonf/
yk*Hacwf &kyfar;uefvkdpmar;yGJrsm;onfyif aESmif;acwfpmar;yGJrsm;\rlv
(Prototype)jzpfava&mhovm;/
qef;xGef;(ref;wuúodkvf)

rSwfcsuf/ /1986-ckESpf? rwfvxkwf aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif; pmrsufESm (20 rS 22 xd) ü

vm&Sdaomaqmif;yg;ukd jyefpmpD&kdufxm;ygonf/
3